Wikipedia gvwiki https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-ghuillag MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Meanyn Er lheh Resooney Ymmydeyr Resooney ymmydeyr Wikipedia Resooney Wikipedia Coadan Resooney coadan MediaWiki Resooney MediaWiki Clowan Resooney clowan Cooney Resooney cooney Ronney Resooney ronney TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 979 393306 393277 2026-09-16T00:55:41Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer/noa |ennym = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil |arrane_ashoonagh = [[God Save the King]] |noteyn_arrane_ashoonagh = She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjinchliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark. |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengey_oikoil = none |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]] |noteyn_çhengaghyn = Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah. |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +00:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +01:00 }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ({{langx|en|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}) ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |access-date=13 Mean Souree 2007 |quote=Countries within a country| archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|access-date = 29 Boaldyn 2006 |publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005 |accessdate = 2008-11-14 |archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archive-date=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jee-veanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-crooin]] [[Bayleeaght Guernsey]], [[Bayleeaght Yersee]], as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad coontit myr ayrn jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | access-date = 26 Mean Souree 2008 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archive-date=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihll. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny 'er toshee er dagh ream y cho-unnaneys. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 7 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdate= 27 Luanistyn 2008 archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretyn]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707 |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 19 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh goaill rish [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead bleeaney ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar liorish goaill rish [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronology of Scottish History |publisher=Geddes & Grosset |isbn=1855343800 |last=Ross |first=David |date=2002 |quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes James I of England in the Union of the Crowns, and leaves Edinburgh for London |page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=1902930169 |last=Hearn |first=Jonathan |date=2002 |quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |access-date=14 Mee Houney 2008 |archive-date=14 Boaldyn 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah yn Vretyn Vooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natseeyn.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], y chied ghreasane scaalheanee eddyrashoonagh 'sy theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310162644/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11|archive-date=2006-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525075622/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401140609/http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport/> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213150954/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] t4y2rhve8divyuxpwsg8841afh67xe5 393307 393306 2026-09-16T00:57:25Z MacTire02 219 cha nel jarroo-raa ec yn RU 393307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer/noa |ennym = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil <!--cha nel jarroo-raa ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; she jarroo-raa y vonarkaght eh Dieu et mon droit--> |jarroo-raa = none |arrane_ashoonagh = [[God Save the King]] |noteyn_arrane_ashoonagh = She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjinchliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark. |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengey_oikoil = none |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]] |noteyn_çhengaghyn = Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah. |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +00:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +01:00 }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ({{langx|en|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}) ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |access-date=13 Mean Souree 2007 |quote=Countries within a country| archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|access-date = 29 Boaldyn 2006 |publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005 |accessdate = 2008-11-14 |archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archive-date=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jee-veanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-crooin]] [[Bayleeaght Guernsey]], [[Bayleeaght Yersee]], as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad coontit myr ayrn jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | access-date = 26 Mean Souree 2008 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archive-date=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihll. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny 'er toshee er dagh ream y cho-unnaneys. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 7 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdate= 27 Luanistyn 2008 archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretyn]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707 |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 19 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh goaill rish [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead bleeaney ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar liorish goaill rish [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronology of Scottish History |publisher=Geddes & Grosset |isbn=1855343800 |last=Ross |first=David |date=2002 |quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes James I of England in the Union of the Crowns, and leaves Edinburgh for London |page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=1902930169 |last=Hearn |first=Jonathan |date=2002 |quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |access-date=14 Mee Houney 2008 |archive-date=14 Boaldyn 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah yn Vretyn Vooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natseeyn.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], y chied ghreasane scaalheanee eddyrashoonagh 'sy theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310162644/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11|archive-date=2006-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525075622/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401140609/http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport/> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213150954/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] awzt79p3432y5eo5512ck5057px300c 393308 393307 2026-09-16T00:58:48Z MacTire02 219 kishtey fys noa 393308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil <!--cha nel jarroo-raa ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; she jarroo-raa y vonarkaght eh Dieu et mon droit--> |jarroo-raa = none |arrane_ashoonagh = [[God Save the King]] |noteyn_arrane_ashoonagh = She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjinchliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark. |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengey_oikoil = none |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]] |noteyn_çhengaghyn = Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah. |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +00:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +01:00 }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ({{langx|en|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}) ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |access-date=13 Mean Souree 2007 |quote=Countries within a country| archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|access-date = 29 Boaldyn 2006 |publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005 |accessdate = 2008-11-14 |archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archive-date=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jee-veanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-crooin]] [[Bayleeaght Guernsey]], [[Bayleeaght Yersee]], as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad coontit myr ayrn jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| accessdaymonth = 26 Mean Souree| accessyear = 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| accessdate = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | access-date = 26 Mean Souree 2008 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archive-date=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihll. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny 'er toshee er dagh ream y cho-unnaneys. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 7 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdate= 27 Luanistyn 2008 archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretyn]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707 |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 19 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh goaill rish [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead bleeaney ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar liorish goaill rish [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronology of Scottish History |publisher=Geddes & Grosset |isbn=1855343800 |last=Ross |first=David |date=2002 |quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes James I of England in the Union of the Crowns, and leaves Edinburgh for London |page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=1902930169 |last=Hearn |first=Jonathan |date=2002 |quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |access-date=14 Mee Houney 2008 |archive-date=14 Boaldyn 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah yn Vretyn Vooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natseeyn.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], y chied ghreasane scaalheanee eddyrashoonagh 'sy theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|accessdaymonth=7 Jerrey Fouyir|acessyear=2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |accessdaymonth=16 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |accessdate=2008-11-14 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree, 2002|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|accessdaymonth=21 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|accessdaymonth=17 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=4 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|accessdaymonth=15 Toshiaght Arree|accessyear=2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27|accessdate=2008-11-15}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Sauin 2005|accessdaymonth=15 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|accessdaymonth=20 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|accessdaymonth=2 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=31 Jerrey Souree|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|accessdate=2008-11-15|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|accessdaymonth=3 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilometeryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilometeryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilometeryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilometeryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilometeryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |accessedaymonth=16 Jerrey Souree |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |accessedaymonth=26 Jerrey Fouyir |accessyear=2008 |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilometeryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleityn beggey t'ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as ee 14,160 kilometeryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], as eh 388 kilometeryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |accessdaymonth=22 Boaldyn |accessyear=2006 |access-date=2008-11-16 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=10 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|accessdaymonth=11 Jerrey Fouyir|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-17}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 August 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|accessdaymonth = 25 Luanistyn|accessyear=2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth=28 Luanistyn|accessyear= 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilometer kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdaymonth = 20 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|accessdaymonth=23 Luanistyn|accessyear=2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |author=Alan Travis, home affairs editor |accessdaymonth=15 Jerey Fouyir|accessyear=2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Sauin 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Nollick 2005 |accessdaymonth = 22 November|accessyear=2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants> {{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Sauin, 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310162644/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11|archive-date=2006-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525075622/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2nd edition}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|dater=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=[[2005-02-28]] |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=''Times Higher Education''|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401140609/http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|author = Rod Eddington |year = 2006|month = Nollick|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/|publisher = UK Treasury|archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilometeryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilometeryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilometeryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilometeryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport/> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213150954/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] ehg6px7jw1t90icxkhmyrylzfya43ad 4 1478 393284 386576 2026-09-15T12:58:26Z MediaWiki message delivery 8133 /* Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon */ new section 393284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tashtlann-Ynnyd y phobble}} == Wikidata event 17th January looking for speakers of indigenous UK languages == Apologies for the English language post. Before Christmas I posted about this event [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2 Revitalising UK history (Series 2)] however due to a tech issue it has had to be rescheduled for '''Saturday 17th January 2026''' We'd love to be able to add multilingual labels to UK figures in a range of languages, including Manx if possible so if there is anyone here with an interest in learning more about Wikidata or adding multilingual labels, you'd be very welcome. More information and registration can be found at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2 [[Ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|resoonaght]]) 15:09, 7 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC) == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|resoonaght]]) 13:21, 18 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 00:42, 18 Toshiaght Arree 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-02-16_Wikipedias&oldid=30094589 --> == Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 - how to take part == Apologies for the English message. If there are keen photographers here, I just wanted to let you know about [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_England Wiki Loves Folklore]. Wiki Loves Folklore is a photographic competition that celebrates our intangible cultural heritage. So if you have photos of a festival, a dance, a traditional food or anything else relating to the Isle of Man's cultural heritage, you can upload them through the link above for submission to the competition and for Wikipedians to use in future articles! All 4 nations of the UK are taking part so if you have pics from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Wales Wales], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Scotland Scotland] or [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Ireland Northern Ireland] (organised by Wikimedia Community Ireland), we'd love those too! You can upload them through the relevant nation pages (follow the links from the name above) [[Ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|resoonaght]]) 09:13, 25 Toshiaght Arree 2026 (UTC) == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|resoonaght]]) 17:11, 3 Averil 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|resoonaght]]) 00:57, 26 Averil 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Boaldyn 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|resoonaght]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Mean Souree 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Mean Souree 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Jerrey Souree 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' * You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|en}}. * If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': * Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Mean Fouyir 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> 3cu2sp2srrmyssj7xmujxx2mlfki0mv 0 1853 393299 366146 2026-09-15T20:43:17Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer/noa |ennym = Pobblaght y Çhillee |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|República de Chile {{small|([[Spaainish y Çhillee|Spaainish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Çhillee |jalloo_caslys = CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg |jarroo-raa = {{lang|es|Por la razón o la fuerza}} |çhyndaa_jarroo-raa = Liorish kiartys ny niartys |arrane_ashoonagh = {{lang|es|[[Arrane ashoonagh y Çhillee|Himno Nacional de Chile]]}} |çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh = Arrane ashoonagh y Çhillee |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = United States Navy Band - National Anthem of Chile.ogg |çhengaghyn = [[Spaainish y Çhillee|Spaainish]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn_oikoil = none |sorçh_reiltys = [[Corys eaghtyraneagh|Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane y Çhillee|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Gabriel Boric]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Hannad y Çhillee|Eaghtyrane y Çhannad]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Manuel José Ossandón]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Hamyr Ynnydee yn Çhillee|Eaghtyrane Hamyr ny h-Ynnydee]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[José Miguel Castro]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 756,950 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 292,183 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 38oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.07 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2024 |LTS_CCK = {{increase}} $674.388 billoon<ref name="IMFWEO.CL">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=228,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Chile) |publisher=[[Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh]] |date=10 Jerrey Fouyir 2024 |access-date=9 Sauin 2024 |archive-date=10 Nollick 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210120355/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=228,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 45oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $33,574<ref name="IMFWEO.CL" /> |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 64oo |LTS_ennymagh = {{increase}} $362.24 billoon<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 45oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2024 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $17,936<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 63oo |Gini = 44.8<ref name="Inequality - Income inequality">{{cite web |url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm |title=Inequality – Income inequality |publisher=[[RCTL]] |access-date=25 Jerrey Souree 2021 |archive-date=1 Jerrey Souree 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> |blein_Gini = 2022 |ronney_Gini = <span style="color:#707070;">neuchorrymid meanagh</span> |blein_ALD = 2023 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.878<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |access-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |publisher=[[Claare Lhiasaghey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = 45oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:darkgreen;">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Caggey Neuchrogheydys y Çhillee|Neuchrogheydys]] |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n [[Yn Spaainey|Spaainey]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Hoontey Reiltys y Çhillee Chile (1810)|Hoontey yn Reiltys]] |date1_bunnit = 18 Mean Fouyir 1810 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Fogrey Neuchrogheydys y Çhillee|Fogrit magh]] |date2_bunnit = 12 Toshiaght Arree 1818 |taghyrt3_bunnit = Er enney |date3_bunnit = 25 Averil 1844 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Bunraght y Çhillee, 1980|Bunraght roie]] |date4_bunnit = 11 Mayrnt 1981 |traa_ynnydagh = |ashchur_utc = −03:00, −04:00, −06:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = −03:00, −05:00 }} She çheer ayns [[America Yiass]] ee '''yn Çhillee'''. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[yn Pheroo|y Pheroo]] as [[Yn Volivia|y Volivia]] da'n twoaie, liorish [[yn Argenteen]] da'n shiar, as liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheealtagh|y Cheayn Sheealtagh]] da'n sheear. She [[Santiago]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{America Yiass}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|34|S|71|W|display=title}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chillee, Yn}} [[Ronney:Yn Çhillee| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G15]] [[Ronney:Eear-choloinyn Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Yiass]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Yiass 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Çhillee 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:CPTPP]] 757axdtqrqr54mn2l0uroqjzko9qko4 393301 393299 2026-09-15T20:59:49Z MacTire02 219 dateyn 393301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer/noa |ennym = Pobblaght y Çhillee |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|República de Chile {{small|([[Spaainish y Çhillee|Spaainish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Çhillee |jalloo_caslys = CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg |jarroo-raa = {{lang|es|Por la razón o la fuerza}} |çhyndaa_jarroo-raa = Liorish kiartys ny niartys |arrane_ashoonagh = {{lang|es|[[Arrane ashoonagh y Çhillee|Himno Nacional de Chile]]}} |çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh = Arrane ashoonagh y Çhillee |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = United States Navy Band - National Anthem of Chile.ogg |çhengaghyn = [[Spaainish y Çhillee|Spaainish]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn_oikoil = none |sorçh_reiltys = [[Corys eaghtyraneagh|Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane y Çhillee|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Gabriel Boric]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Hannad y Çhillee|Eaghtyrane y Çhannad]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Manuel José Ossandón]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Hamyr Ynnydee yn Çhillee|Eaghtyrane Hamyr ny h-Ynnydee]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[José Miguel Castro]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 756,950 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 292,183 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 38oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.07 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2024 |LTS_CCK = {{increase}} $674.388 billoon<ref name="IMFWEO.CL">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=228,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Chile) |publisher=[[Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh]] |date=10 Jerrey Fouyir 2024 |access-date=9 Mee Houney 2024 |archive-date=10 Mee ny Nollick 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210120355/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=228,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 45oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $33,574<ref name="IMFWEO.CL" /> |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 64oo |LTS_ennymagh = {{increase}} $362.24 billoon<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 45oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2024 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $17,936<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 63oo |Gini = 44.8<ref name="Inequality - Income inequality">{{cite web |url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm |title=Inequality – Income inequality |publisher=[[RCTL]] |access-date=25 Jerrey Souree 2021 |archive-date=1 Jerrey Souree 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> |blein_Gini = 2022 |ronney_Gini = <span style="color:#707070;">neuchorrymid meanagh</span> |blein_ALD = 2023 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.878<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |access-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |publisher=[[Claare Lhiasaghey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = 45oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:darkgreen;">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Caggey Neuchrogheydys y Çhillee|Neuchrogheydys]] |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n [[Yn Spaainey|Spaainey]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Hoontey Reiltys y Çhillee Chile (1810)|Hoontey yn Reiltys]] |date1_bunnit = 18 Mean Fouyir 1810 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Fogrey Neuchrogheydys y Çhillee|Fogrit magh]] |date2_bunnit = 12 Toshiaght Arree 1818 |taghyrt3_bunnit = Er enney |date3_bunnit = 25 Averil 1844 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Bunraght y Çhillee, 1980|Bunraght roie]] |date4_bunnit = 11 Mayrnt 1981 |traa_ynnydagh = |ashchur_utc = −03:00, −04:00, −06:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = −03:00, −05:00 }} She çheer ayns [[America Yiass]] ee '''yn Çhillee'''. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[yn Pheroo|y Pheroo]] as [[Yn Volivia|y Volivia]] da'n twoaie, liorish [[yn Argenteen]] da'n shiar, as liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheealtagh|y Cheayn Sheealtagh]] da'n sheear. She [[Santiago]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{America Yiass}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|34|S|71|W|display=title}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chillee, Yn}} [[Ronney:Yn Çhillee| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G15]] [[Ronney:Eear-choloinyn Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Yiass]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Yiass 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Çhillee 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:CPTPP]] sokz6psvdc5ps20mlwhiix9sagp73bg 393312 393301 2026-09-16T01:00:56Z MacTire02 219 kishtey fys noa 393312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym = Pobblaght y Çhillee |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|República de Chile {{small|([[Spaainish y Çhillee|Spaainish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Çhillee |jalloo_caslys = CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg |jarroo-raa = {{lang|es|Por la razón o la fuerza}} |çhyndaa_jarroo-raa = Liorish kiartys ny niartys |arrane_ashoonagh = {{lang|es|[[Arrane ashoonagh y Çhillee|Himno Nacional de Chile]]}} |çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh = Arrane ashoonagh y Çhillee |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = United States Navy Band - National Anthem of Chile.ogg |çhengaghyn = [[Spaainish y Çhillee|Spaainish]] |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengaghyn_oikoil = none |sorçh_reiltys = [[Corys eaghtyraneagh|Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh]] unnaneagh |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane y Çhillee|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Gabriel Boric]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Hannad y Çhillee|Eaghtyrane y Çhannad]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Manuel José Ossandón]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane Hamyr Ynnydee yn Çhillee|Eaghtyrane Hamyr ny h-Ynnydee]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[José Miguel Castro]] |eaghtyr_km2 = 756,950 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 292,183 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 38oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.07 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2024 |LTS_CCK = {{increase}} $674.388 billoon<ref name="IMFWEO.CL">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=228,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Chile) |publisher=[[Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh]] |date=10 Jerrey Fouyir 2024 |access-date=9 Mee Houney 2024 |archive-date=10 Mee ny Nollick 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210120355/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=228,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 45oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $33,574<ref name="IMFWEO.CL" /> |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 64oo |LTS_ennymagh = {{increase}} $362.24 billoon<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 45oo |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2024 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = {{increase}} $17,936<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=111,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |website=Tashtey Argidoil Eddyrashoonagh |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 63oo |Gini = 44.8<ref name="Inequality - Income inequality">{{cite web |url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm |title=Inequality – Income inequality |publisher=[[RCTL]] |access-date=25 Jerrey Souree 2021 |archive-date=1 Jerrey Souree 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> |blein_Gini = 2022 |ronney_Gini = <span style="color:#707070;">neuchorrymid meanagh</span> |blein_ALD = 2023 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.878<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |access-date=6 Boaldyn 2025 |publisher=[[Claare Lhiasaghey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] |language=en}}</ref> |rhenk_ALD = 45oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:darkgreen;">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Caggey Neuchrogheydys y Çhillee|Neuchrogheydys]] |note_kiondeeaght = veih'n [[Yn Spaainey|Spaainey]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Hoontey Reiltys y Çhillee Chile (1810)|Hoontey yn Reiltys]] |date1_bunnit = 18 Mean Fouyir 1810 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Fogrey Neuchrogheydys y Çhillee|Fogrit magh]] |date2_bunnit = 12 Toshiaght Arree 1818 |taghyrt3_bunnit = Er enney |date3_bunnit = 25 Averil 1844 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Bunraght y Çhillee, 1980|Bunraght roie]] |date4_bunnit = 11 Mayrnt 1981 |traa_ynnydagh = |ashchur_utc = −03:00, −04:00, −06:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = −03:00, −05:00 }} She çheer ayns [[America Yiass]] ee '''yn Çhillee'''. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[yn Pheroo|y Pheroo]] as [[Yn Volivia|y Volivia]] da'n twoaie, liorish [[yn Argenteen]] da'n shiar, as liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheealtagh|y Cheayn Sheealtagh]] da'n sheear. She [[Santiago]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{America Yiass}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|34|S|71|W|display=title}} {{bun}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chillee, Yn}} [[Ronney:Yn Çhillee| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G15]] [[Ronney:Eear-choloinyn Spaainagh]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Yiass]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn ayns America Yiass 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Çhillee 'sy vlein 1818]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:CPTPP]] 0fq043eqpvlulpdmqdo5i1ld5i8mnhg 0 1857 393352 393128 2026-09-16T03:25:42Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ymmydcosoylagh|yn çheer 'syn Oarpey Heear Hwoaie|y çheer Valkanagh|yn Albaan}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Baarle Albinagh]]|[[Gaelg ny h-Albey]]|[[Glare Chowree Ghoaldagh]]}} |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Scotland {{small|([[Baarle]]/[[Baarle Albinagh]])}}<br />Alba {{small|([[Gaelg ny h-Albey]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = ny h-Albey |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Scotland.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys |jalloo_caslys = Scotland_in_the_UK_and_Europe.svg |jarroo-raa = none |arrane_ashoonagh = [[Flower of Scotland]] |çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh = Blaa ny h-Albey |noteyn_arrane_ashoonagh = Shymmey arrane ta coontit myr arrane ashoonagh ny h-Albey, agh she "Flower of Scotland" yn arrane ashoonagh smoo cluinit. Jeeagh er [[Arrane ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] son tooilley fys |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = Flower of Scotland · The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards.wav |çhengaghyn_oikoil = {{hlist|[[Baarle]]|[[Baarle Albinagh]]|[[Gaelg ny h-Albey]]|[[Glare Chowree Ghoaldagh]]}} |sorçh_reiltys = [[Jee-veanaghey ny h-Albey|Çhionnal parlamaidagh jee-veanit]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil|monarkaght pharlamaidagh vunraghtoil]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Monarkyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monark]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çhalse III]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Kied Hirveishagh ny h-Albey|Kied Hirveishagh]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[John Swinney]] |enmys3_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishteryn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym3_fer-toshee = [[Keir Starmer]] |quaiyl = [[Parlamaid ny Albey]] |LTS_ennymagh = £218.0&nbsp;billoon |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2023 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = £39,707<ref name="Scot Gov GDP">{{cite web |title=GDP Quarterly National Accounts, Scotland: 2023 Quarter 4 (October to December) |url=https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2024/05/gdp-quarterly-national-accounts-2023-q4/documents/downloadable-publication/downloadable-publication/govscot%3Adocument/GDP%2BQNAS%2B-%2B2023%2BQ4%2B-%2BPublication.pdf |website=gov.scot |access-date=2 Mee Houney 2024}}</ref>{{efn|Ta ny h-earrooyn currit magh lesh Reiltys ny h-Albey goaill stiagh y çheet-stiagh ooill as gas t'er ny ghientyn çheu hoal jeh ushtaghyn thallooinagh yn RU ayns [[Ymmyr Vooarheeragh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ard ymmyr vooarheeragh ny çheerey]].}} |blein_ALD = 2022 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.933<ref name ="HDI">{{cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/GBR/?years=2022 |title=Subnational HDI |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website=Global Data Lab |publisher= |access-date=30 Mean Fouyir 2024}}</ref> |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">feer ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys ny h-Albey|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Bun Reeriaght ny h-Albey|Bunnit]] |date1_bunnit = 9oo eash (843 dy tradishoonagh) |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Conaant Ghoon Edin–Northampton]] |date2_bunnit = 17 Mayrnt 1328 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Bearaig (1357)|Conaant Bearaig]] |date3_bunnit = 3 Jerrey Fouyir 1357<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |title=The Treaty of Berwick was signed – On this day in Scottish history |url=https://www.historyscotland.com/history/the-treaty-of-berwick-was-signed-on-this-day-in-scottish-history |website=History Scotland |access-date=17 Jerrey Geuree 2021 |archive-date=5 Toshiaght Arree 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205232820/https://www.historyscotland.com/history/the-treaty-of-berwick-was-signed-on-this-day-in-scottish-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Co-unnaneyssey rish Sostyn]] |date4_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Slattys ny h-Albey 1998|Jee-veanaghey]] |date5_bunnit = 19 Mee Houney 1998 |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +0:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Houree Ghoaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +1:00 |tld = [[.scot]] |noteyn_tld = Cha nee [[ccTLD]] eh .scot, agh [[GeoTLD]], ta foshlit dauesyn as kiangley oc rish Nalbin ny cultoor ny h-Albey. Ta [[.uk]], gollrish y chooid elley jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], ymmydit chammah. She <code>GB</code> yn coad lesh [[ISO 3166-1]], agh cha nel [[.gb]] ymmydit. }} Ta '''Nalbin''' ([[Baarle]] / [[Baarle Albinagh]]: ''Scotland'', [[Gaelg Albinagh]]: ''Alba'') ny çheer ta soit er y hrass my hwoaie jeh'n [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]]. T'ee ny cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ee çhemmit liorish [[Sostyn]] da'n jiass. T'ee çhemmit liorish [[Mooir Hostyn]] da'n shiar, [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] da'n twoaie as da'n sheear, as [[Mooir Vannin]] as [[Ammyr ny h-Albey]] da'n sheear yiass. Chammah as y vooar-heer, ta Nalbin jeant seose jeh ny smoo na [[Rolley ellanyn ny h-Albey|790]] ellanyn, cur [[Ellanyn y Twoaie]] as [[Inshyn Goal]] 'syn earroo. Ta [[Doon Edin]], y [[preeu-valley]] as y nah valley smoo, nane jeh ny 20 ynnydyn ardgidoil smoo 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]]. V'eh ny chree er [[Soilsheraght ny h-Albey]] 'syn 18-oo eash, as myr eiyrtys, haink Nalbin dy ve nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo scanshoil ry hoi traght, inçhinaght as çhynskal. She [[Glaschu]] yn balley smoo ayns Nalbin. Va [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]] ny steat seyr derrey [[1 Boaldyn]] [[1707]] tra ren y reiltys co-unnaneys politickoil lesh [[Reeriaght Hostyn]]. V'eh shen crooaght y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Myrane lesh [[Bretin]], she [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|çheer Cheltiagh]] ish, as ta Gaelg ny h-Albey - çhengey gollrish [[Gaelg|Gaelg Vanninagh]] - foast ec mynlagh beg jeh'n phobble eck. ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|57|-4|type:country_region:GB-SCO|display=title}} [[Ronney:Nalbin| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn as thallooyn Celtiagh]] [[Ronney:Yn Vretyn Vooar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn staddyssaghtoil NUTS 1 y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit rere çheer]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn hene-reiltagh]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1998]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit 'sy vlein 1998]] dvdwed7rypiwq0dwxqseoqwjf7n6a65 0 1893 393311 393179 2026-09-16T01:00:34Z MacTire02 219 kishtey fys noa 393311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |jarroo-raa = [[In God We Trust]] |çhyndaa_jarroo-raa = Ta Shin Treishteil ayns Jee |noteyn_jarroo-raa = {{USC|36|302}} |çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh= Y Brattagh Gialrollageagh |imraa_arrane_ashoonagh = {{cite web |date=3 Mayrnt 1931 |title=An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America |url=https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=46&page=1508}} |jalloo_caslys-çheerey = United States (orthographic projection).svg |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Baarle]] |noteyn_çhengaghyn_oikoil=Rere [[Executive Order 14224]].<ref name="EOWP">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2025/03/01/trump-english-official-language-explainer/ |title=A Trump order made English the official language of the U.S. What does that mean? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |author1=Vivian Ho |author2=Rachel Pannett |date=1 Mayrnt 2025}}</ref><ref name="EONYT">{{Cite news |last=Broadwater |first=Luke |date=1 Mayrnt 2025 |title=Trump Signs Order to Designate English as Official Language of the U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html |access-date=1 Mayrnt 2025 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=2 Mayrnt 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302005819/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Ta steatyn as thallooyn eigsoylagh cur enney er Baarle ny lomarcan, er Baarle as çhengey ny çhengaghyn ynnydagh elley, as cha nel fir elley cur enney er çhengey oikoil erbee. Jeeagh er [[#Çhengey|§ Çhengey]]. Cha ren [[Cohionnal ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] rieau shickyraghey slattys erbee chur enney er çhengey oikoil erbee ec y cheim chonastagh as cha nel [[Bunraght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] genmyssey çhengey oikoil erbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/20/us/english-us-official-language-trnd/index.html |title=FYI: English isn't the official language of the United States |date=20 Boaldyn 2018 |publisher=CNN |access-date=19 Mayrnt 2025 |archive-date=19 Mee ny Nollick 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219223355/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/20/us/english-us-official-language-trnd/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Faingold|2018|p=8}}. "The United States has never had an official language and attempts to declare English its official language have been unsuccessful in the U.S. Congress."</ref> |possanyn_kynneeagh = {{plainlist|'''Rere kynney:''' *61.6% [[Americaanee Vaney|Baney]] *12.4% [[Affro-Americaanee|Gorrym]] *6% [[Americaanee Aishanagh|Aishanagh]] *1.1% [[Bun-dooghyssee ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Bun-dooghyssee]] *0.2% [[Americaanee Ellanagh Heealtagh|Ellanee Heealtagh]] *10.2% [[Americaanee Yl-chynneeagh|Daa chynney ny ny smoo]] *8.4% [[Kynney as kynneeaght ayns coontey-pobble ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|elley]] }} ---- {{plainlist|'''Rere bun:''' * 81.3% [[Americaanee Hispaainagh as Ladjynagh|{{nowrap|Neu-Hispaainee}} as Ladjynee]] * 18.7% Hispaainee ny Ladjynee }} |sorçh_reiltys = Pobblaght eaghtyraneagh [[Conastaghys ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|chonastagh]] fo corys [[Smaghtaght|smaghtagh]] [[corys mestit|mestit]] |imraa_reiltys = <ref>{{cite web| title = The Price of American Authoritarianism: What Can Reverse Democratic Decline? | url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/american-authoritarianism-levitsky-way-ziblatt | last1=Levitsky | first1=Steven |last2=Way |first2 = Lucan A. |last3=Ziblatt |first3=Daniel | date= 11 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |accessdate=14 Jerrey Geuree 2026 | language = Baarle | work = [[Foreign Affairs (earishlioar)|Foreign Affairs]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/trump-miller-authoritarianism-imperialism-venezuela/|title= The Ugly Beast of American Authoritarianism |lang=Baarle |last=Abramsky |first=Sasha |date=8 Jerrey Geuree 2026 |accessdate=14 Jerrey Geuree 2026 |work = The Nation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/political-scene/how-bad-is-it-three-political-scientists-say-america-is-no-longer-a-democracy |title=How Bad Is It?: Three Political Scientists Say America Is No Longer a Democracy |first = Tyler|last=Foggatt| lang=Baarle |date=11 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |accessdate=14 Jerrey Geuree 2026 | work = The New Yorker}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2025/01/21/theres-a-term-for-trumps-political-style-authoritarian-populism/|title=There’s a term for Trump’s political style: authoritarian populism |last=Thulin |first=Lila |work = UC Berkeley News |date=21 Jerrey Geuree 2025 |accessdate=14 Jerrey Geuree 2026}}</ref> |enmys_toshiagh1 = [[Eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym_toshiagh1 = [[Donald Trump]] |enmys_toshiagh2 = [[Lhiass-eaghtyrane ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Lhiass-eaghtyrane]] |ennym_toshiagh2 = [[JD Vance]] |enmys_toshiagh3 = [[Loayreyder Whaiyl ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Loayreyder y Whaiyl]] |ennym_toshiagh3 = [[Mike Johnson]] |enmys_toshiagh4 = [[Ard-vriw ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Ard-vriw]] |ennym_toshiagh4 = [[John G. Roberts|John Roberts]] |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Neuchrogheydys]] |note_kiondeeaght = veih [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Fogrey Neuchrogheydys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Fogrey neuchrogheydys]] |date1_bunnit = 4 Jerrey Souree 1776 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Eash y Chochiangle|Cochiangle]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Mayrnt 1781 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Phaarys (1783)|Hooar enney]] |date3_bunnit = 3 Mean Fouyir 1783 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Bunraght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Bunraght]] |date4_bunnit = 21 Mean Fouyir 1788 |eaghtyr_km2 = 9,833,520 }} <!-- |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_LTS_CCK = 2024 |LTS_CCK = $29.168 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 2h |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $86,601 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 8oo |LTS_ennymagh = $29.168 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = 1d |blein_LTS_ennymagh = 2024 |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = $86,601 |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = 6oo |Gini = 41.6 |blein_Gini = 2023 |ronney_Gini = |blein_ALD = 2023 |ALD = {{increase}} 0.938 |rhenk_ALD = 17oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">feer ard</span> |coad_argid = USD |traa_ynnydagh = |ashchur_utc = -5 gys -10 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = |ashchur_utc_TTLS = -4 gys -10 |cctld = [[.us]] |coad_çhellvane = 1 }}--> She [[pobblaght chonastagh]] [[corys eaghtyraneagh|eaghtyraneagh]] ad '''Steatyn Unnaneysit America''' ({{langx|en|United States of America}}), ta enmyssit '''ny Steatyn Unnaneysit''' ({{lang|en|United States}}), '''S.U.A.''' ({{lang|en|U.S.A.}}) as '''America''' chammah. Ta'n çheer jeant seose ass jeih steat as daeed cur liorish [[slyst chonastagh]]. Er y chooid smoo, ta'n çheer soit ayns [[America Hwoaie]] veanagh, raad dy vel [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit colhiantagh|hoght steatyn as daeed]], chammah as y clyst chonastagh, soit eddyr y [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]] as y [[Yn Keayn Sheealtagh|Cheayn Sheealtagh]]. T'ad çhemmal rish [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]] 'sy twoaie as [[Meksico]] 'sy jiass. Ta [[Alaska]] soit ayns sheear hwoaie yn vooar-rheynn as raad t'eh çhemmit rish y Chanadey 'sy niar echey as rish [[Yn Roosh|y Roosh]] 'sy neear tessen [[Mooir Bering]]. Ta [[Hawaii]] ny ellanragh soit 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh Meanagh. Ta shiartanse dy [[Thallooyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|hallooyn]] echey ta skeaylt magh mygeayrt y [[Yn Vooir Charibagh|Vooir Charibagh]] as y Cheayn Sheealtagh. ==Steatyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit== {{Main|Steatyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Map of USA with state names.svg|thumbnail|400px|left|Steatyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] {| |- | * [[Alabama]] * [[Alaska]] * [[Arizona]] * [[Arkansas]] * [[California]] * [[Carolina Hwoaie]] * [[Carolina Yiass]] * [[Colorado]] * [[Connecticut]] * [[Dakota Hwoaie]] * [[Dakota Yiass]] * [[Delaware]] * [[Ellan Rhode]] * [[Florida]] * [[Yn Çhorshey (steat)|Yn Çhorshey]] * [[Hawaii]] * [[Idaho]] | * [[Illinois]] * [[Indiana]] * [[Iowa]] * [[Kansas]] * [[Kentucky]] * [[Louisiana]] * [[Maine]] * [[Maryland]] * [[Massachusetts]] * [[Michigan]] * [[Minnesota]] * [[Mississippi]] * [[Missouri]] * [[Montana]] * [[Nebraska]] * [[Nevada]] * [[New Hampshire]] | * [[New Jersey]] * [[New Mexico]] * [[Ohio]] * [[Oklahoma]] * [[Oregon]] * [[Pennsylvania]] * [[Tennessee]] * [[Texas]] * [[Utah]] * [[Vermont]] * [[Yn Virjeeney‎]] * [[Yn Virjeeney Heear‎]] * [[Washington (steat)|Washington]] * [[Wisconsin]] * [[Wyoming]] * [[York Noa (steat)|York Noa]] |} ==Noteyn== {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== ===Symnaghyn=== {{reflist}} ===Farraneyn-fys=== {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Faingold |first=Eduardo D. |date=2018 |title=Language Rights and the Law in the United States and Its Territories |publisher=Lexington Books}} {{refend}} {{Yn Americkey Hwoaie}} {{RCAH}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} {{Coord|40|-100|dim:10000000_region:region:US_type:country|name=United States of America|display=title}} [[Ronney:Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn bunraghtoil conastagh]] [[Ronney:Eear-choloinyn as eear-choadanyssyn Goaldagh ayns ny h-Americkyn]] [[Ronney:Eear-chochianglaghyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1776]] tsarwpnx40qbir80eshbsna055oqvt8 0 2235 393357 360886 2026-09-16T03:52:29Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym = Conastey yn Roosh |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Российская Федерация {{small|([[Rooshish]])<br/>{{transliteration|ru|Rossiyskaya Federatsiya}}}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Roosh |jalloo_caslys = Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - All Territorial Disputes.svg |fo-heidyl_caslys = {{Legend|#336830|Thalloo ennit y Roosh}} {{Legend|#61E760|Aggyrtit ec y Roosh gyn enney eddyrashoonagh{{Efn|Ta'n [[Yn Chrimeea|Chrimeea]], va [[Goaill y Chrimeea lesh Conastey yn Roosh|goit lesh y Roosh]] 'sy vlein 2014, foast [[Reaghys 68/262 jeh Ard-hionnal ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit|ennit dy h-eddyrashoonagh]] myr ayrn jeh'n Ookraan.<ref name="Pifer-2020">{{cite web |last=Pifer |first=Steven |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |title=Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation |publisher=[[Brookings Institution]] |date=17 Mayrnt 2020 |access-date=30 Sauin 2021 |archive-date=14 Averil 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414045104/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta queiggaghyn Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, as Zaporizhzhia, va [[Goaill queiggaghyn Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, as Zaporizhzhia lesh y Roosh|goit]]—ga nagh vel ad agh lieh-chummaltit—'sy vlein 2022, foast [[Reaghys ES-11/4 jeh Ard-hionnal ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit|ennit dy h-eddyrashoonagh]] myr ayrn jeh'n Ookraan. Ta jiass [[Ellanyn Kuril]] foast fo [[Arganeys Ellanyn Kuril|arganeys thallooinagh]] marish y Çhapaan veih'n chummaltys oc lesh yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh ec jerrey yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh.<ref name="Chapple-2019">{{cite web |last=Chapple |first=Amos |title=The Kurile Islands: Why Russia And Japan Never Made Peace After World War II |date=4 Jerrey Geuree 2019 |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |access-date=26 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |archive-date=8 Averil 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408173647/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}} |jarroo-raa = none |arrane_ashoonagh = [[Arrane Steat Chonastey yn Roosh|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации]] |tessen-lettyraghey_arrane_ashoonagh = {{transliteration|ru|Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii}} |çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh = Arrane Steat Chonastey yn Roosh |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = National Anthem of Russia (2000), instrumental, one verse.ogg |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Rooshish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = Ta staydys oikoil ec [[Çhengaghyn y Roosh|35 çhengey ardjynagh elley]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght lieh-eaghtyraneagh]] chonastagh fo [[jaghteyraght]] [[smaghtagh]] |ushtey_sy_cheead = 13 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = $2.088 trillioon |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $14,692 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Roosh|Bunnit]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Prinsaght Moscow]] |date1_bunnit = 1282 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Saaraght y Roosh]] |date2_bunnit = 16 Jerrey Geuree 1547 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Impiraght y Roosh]] |date3_bunnit = 2 Mee Houney 1721 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Bun-chaghlaa Hoshiaght Arree|Scryssey yn vonarkaght]] |date4_bunnit = 15 Mayrnt 1917 |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh]] |date5_bunnit = 30 Mee ny Nollick 1922 |taghyrt6_bunnit = [[Fogrey-magh Kionedeeaght Steat Phobblaght Hoveidjagh Chonastagh Hoshiallagh y Roosh|Fogrey-magh Kionedeeaght y Steat]] |date6_bunnit = 12 Mean Souree 1990 |taghyrt7_bunnit = Conastey yn Roosh |date7_bunnit = 12 Mee ny Nollick 1991 |taghyrt8_bunnit = [[Bunraght y Roosh|Bunraght roie]] |date8_bunnit = 12 Mee ny Nollick 1993 |taghyrt9_bunnit = Crooaght [[Steat yn Unnaneys]] |date9_bunnit = 8 Mee ny Nollick 1999 }} Ta'n '''Roosh''' ([[Rooshish]]: Россия, ''Rossiya'') ny '''Conastey yn Roosh''' ([[Rooshish]]: Российская Федерация, ''Rossiyskaya Federatsiya'') ny çheer harrish-vooarheeragh ta sheeyney magh harrish [[yn Oarpey]] as [[yn Aishey]] hwoaie. T'ee ny çheer lieh-eaghtyraneagh as t'ee jeant seose jeh 83 [[Ardjyn conastagh y Roosh|rheynn chonastagh]]. Ta'n Roosh çhemmit liorish ny çheeraghyn shoh ny lurg (noi'n chlag veih'n sheear hwoaie da'n shiar yiass): [[Norlynn]], [[Finnlynn]], [[yn Estaan]], [[Yn Latvey|y Latvey]], [[Yn Litaan|y Litaan]] ([[Queiggey Kaliningrad]]), [[yn Pholynn|y Pholynn]] (Queiggey Kaliningrad), [[yn Velaroosh|y Velaroosh]], [[yn Ookraan]], [[yn Abcaaish]], [[yn Çhorshey|y Çhorshey]], [[Ossetia Yiass]], [[yn Asserbajaan]], [[yn Chassaghstaan|y Chassaghstaan]], [[Deynphobblaght ny Sheen|y Çheen]], [[yn Vongoil|y Vongoil]] as [[Yn Chorea Twoaie|y Chorea Twoaie]]. Ta'n çheer çhemmit liorish [[Mooir Bering]], [[Yn Vooir Chaspagh|y Vooir Chaspagh]], [[Yn Vooir Valtagh|y Vooir Valtagh]], [[Yn Vooir Ghoo|y Vooir Ghoo]], as [[Mooir yn Arctagh]]. Ta'n Roosh ny çheer smoo ny cruinney, as ish 17,075,400 km² er eaghtyr. Rere earroo yn phobble t'ee ny nuyoo çheer smoo lesh ny smoo na 142 villioon cummaltee. She [[Moscow]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Yn Aishey}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|66|N|94|E|scale:100000000|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roosh}} [[Ronney:Yn Roosh| ]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn conastagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey Hiar Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ashoonyn BRICS]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Creestee]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny Steatyn Seyrey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant y Cho-hickyrys]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Unnaneys Tarmaynagh Oaraishanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Aishey 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Oarpey 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-baght Reagheydys y Cho-obbraghey Islamagh]] al1j2fcgnt91zhfg50wopbqsi758scn 393358 393357 2026-09-16T03:53:14Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym = Conastey yn Roosh |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Российская Федерация {{small|([[Rooshish]])<br/>{{transliteration|ru|Rossiyskaya Federatsiya}}}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = y Roosh |jalloo_caslys = Russian Federation (orthographic projection) - All Territorial Disputes.svg |fo-heidyl_caslys = {{Legend|#336830|Thalloo ennit y Roosh}} {{Legend|#61E760|Aggyrtit ec y Roosh gyn enney eddyrashoonagh{{Efn|Ta'n [[Yn Chrimeea|Chrimeea]], va [[Goaill y Chrimeea lesh Conastey yn Roosh|goit lesh y Roosh]] 'sy vlein 2014, foast [[Reaghys 68/262 jeh Ard-hionnal ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit|ennit dy h-eddyrashoonagh]] myr ayrn jeh'n Ookraan.<ref name="Pifer-2020">{{cite web |last=Pifer |first=Steven |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |title=Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation |publisher=[[Brookings Institution]] |date=17 Mayrnt 2020 |access-date=30 Mee Houney 2021 |archive-date=14 Averil 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414045104/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/17/crimea-six-years-after-illegal-annexation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta queiggaghyn Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, as Zaporizhzhia, va [[Goaill queiggaghyn Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, as Zaporizhzhia lesh y Roosh|goit]]—ga nagh vel ad agh lieh-chummaltit—'sy vlein 2022, foast [[Reaghys ES-11/4 jeh Ard-hionnal ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit|ennit dy h-eddyrashoonagh]] myr ayrn jeh'n Ookraan. Ta jiass [[Ellanyn Kuril]] foast fo [[Arganeys Ellanyn Kuril|arganeys thallooinagh]] marish y Çhapaan veih'n chummaltys oc lesh yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh ec jerrey yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh.<ref name="Chapple-2019">{{cite web |last=Chapple |first=Amos |title=The Kurile Islands: Why Russia And Japan Never Made Peace After World War II |date=4 Jerrey Geuree 2019 |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |access-date=26 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |archive-date=8 Averil 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408173647/https://www.rferl.org/a/the-disputed-islands-where-world-war-2-never-ended/28402307.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}}} |jarroo-raa = none |arrane_ashoonagh = [[Arrane Steat Chonastey yn Roosh|Государственный гимн Российской Федерации]] |tessen-lettyraghey_arrane_ashoonagh = {{transliteration|ru|Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii}} |çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh = Arrane Steat Chonastey yn Roosh |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = National Anthem of Russia (2000), instrumental, one verse.ogg |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Rooshish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = Ta staydys oikoil ec [[Çhengaghyn y Roosh|35 çhengey ardjynagh elley]] |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght lieh-eaghtyraneagh]] chonastagh fo [[jaghteyraght]] [[smaghtagh]] |ushtey_sy_cheead = 13 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2007 |LTS_CCK = $2.088 trillioon |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $14,692 |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Roosh|Bunnit]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Prinsaght Moscow]] |date1_bunnit = 1282 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Saaraght y Roosh]] |date2_bunnit = 16 Jerrey Geuree 1547 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Impiraght y Roosh]] |date3_bunnit = 2 Mee Houney 1721 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Bun-chaghlaa Hoshiaght Arree|Scryssey yn vonarkaght]] |date4_bunnit = 15 Mayrnt 1917 |taghyrt5_bunnit = [[Yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh]] |date5_bunnit = 30 Mee ny Nollick 1922 |taghyrt6_bunnit = [[Fogrey-magh Kionedeeaght Steat Phobblaght Hoveidjagh Chonastagh Hoshiallagh y Roosh|Fogrey-magh Kionedeeaght y Steat]] |date6_bunnit = 12 Mean Souree 1990 |taghyrt7_bunnit = Conastey yn Roosh |date7_bunnit = 12 Mee ny Nollick 1991 |taghyrt8_bunnit = [[Bunraght y Roosh|Bunraght roie]] |date8_bunnit = 12 Mee ny Nollick 1993 |taghyrt9_bunnit = Crooaght [[Steat yn Unnaneys]] |date9_bunnit = 8 Mee ny Nollick 1999 }} Ta'n '''Roosh''' ([[Rooshish]]: Россия, ''Rossiya'') ny '''Conastey yn Roosh''' ([[Rooshish]]: Российская Федерация, ''Rossiyskaya Federatsiya'') ny çheer harrish-vooarheeragh ta sheeyney magh harrish [[yn Oarpey]] as [[yn Aishey]] hwoaie. T'ee ny çheer lieh-eaghtyraneagh as t'ee jeant seose jeh 83 [[Ardjyn conastagh y Roosh|rheynn chonastagh]]. Ta'n Roosh çhemmit liorish ny çheeraghyn shoh ny lurg (noi'n chlag veih'n sheear hwoaie da'n shiar yiass): [[Norlynn]], [[Finnlynn]], [[yn Estaan]], [[Yn Latvey|y Latvey]], [[Yn Litaan|y Litaan]] ([[Queiggey Kaliningrad]]), [[yn Pholynn|y Pholynn]] (Queiggey Kaliningrad), [[yn Velaroosh|y Velaroosh]], [[yn Ookraan]], [[yn Abcaaish]], [[yn Çhorshey|y Çhorshey]], [[Ossetia Yiass]], [[yn Asserbajaan]], [[yn Chassaghstaan|y Chassaghstaan]], [[Deynphobblaght ny Sheen|y Çheen]], [[yn Vongoil|y Vongoil]] as [[Yn Chorea Twoaie|y Chorea Twoaie]]. Ta'n çheer çhemmit liorish [[Mooir Bering]], [[Yn Vooir Chaspagh|y Vooir Chaspagh]], [[Yn Vooir Valtagh|y Vooir Valtagh]], [[Yn Vooir Ghoo|y Vooir Ghoo]], as [[Mooir yn Arctagh]]. Ta'n Roosh ny çheer smoo ny cruinney, as ish 17,075,400 km² er eaghtyr. Rere earroo yn phobble t'ee ny nuyoo çheer smoo lesh ny smoo na 142 villioon cummaltee. She [[Moscow]] yn [[preeu-valley]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Yn Aishey}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{Coord|66|N|94|E|scale:100000000|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Roosh}} [[Ronney:Yn Roosh| ]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn conastagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Aishey Hiar Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Ashoonyn BRICS]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Creestee]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny Steatyn Seyrey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant y Cho-hickyrys]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Unnaneys Tarmaynagh Oaraishanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Aishey 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Oarpey 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-baght Reagheydys y Cho-obbraghey Islamagh]] t74d5xaq0espin8r6ppw8z7xfkonhuq 10 10657 393302 290356 2026-09-15T21:11:41Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393302 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox geography" style="width: 20em; float:right; ! colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color: #CCCC66; font-size: 120%; color: #fff;" | {{{ennym|{{PAGENAME}}}}}<br />{{#if: {{{ennym_bunneydagh|}}}|{{{ennym_bunneydagh}}}}} |- {{#if: {{{jalloo|}}}{{{jalloo2|}}} | {{!-}} class="mergedrow" {{!}} colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffffff; text-align: center;" {{!}} {{{!}} width="100%" style="margin: 0 auto; text-align: center;" {{!}} style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{cooylrey_jalloo|}}} | background: {{{cooylrey_jalloo}}}; }}" {{!}} [[coadan:{{{jalloo}}}|{{{lheead jalloo|{{#if: {{{jalloo2|}}}|125|250}}}}}px|{{{fo-heidyl|}}}]] {{#if: {{{jalloo2|}}} | {{!}} style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; {{#if: {{{cooylrey_jalloo2|}}}|background: {{{cooylrey_jalloo2}}}; }}" {{!}} [[coadan:{{{jalloo2}}}|{{{lheead jalloo2|125}}}px|{{{fo-heidyl2|}}}]] }} {{!-}} style="font-size: 95%;" {{#if: {{{jalloo|}}} | {{!}} {{{fo-heidyl|}}} }} {{#if: {{{jalloo2|}}} | {{!}} {{{fo-heidyl2|}}} }} {{!}}} }} <!----- ISO 4217 -----> |- {{#if: {{{iso|}}}| {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right;" {{!}} [[ISO 4217|Coad ISO 4217]] {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{iso}}} }} <!----- Cheer -----> |- class="mergedbottomrow" {{#if:{{{çheer|}}} | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} Çheer {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99;text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{çheer}}} }} |- class="mergedbottomrow" {{#if:{{{ymmydeyryn oikoil|}}} | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} Ymmydeyryn oikoil {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99;text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{ymmydeyryn oikoil}}} }} |- class="mergedbottomrow" {{#if:{{{ymmydeyryn neu-oikoil|}}} | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} Ymmydeyryn neu-oikoil {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99;text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{ymmydeyryn neu-oikoil}}} }} <!----- Составная часть -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if: {{{jeant seose jeh|}}}| {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right;" {{!}} Jeant seose jeh {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{#if: {{{co-cheintys|}}}|{{{co-cheintys}}}|100}} {{{jeant seose jeh}}} }} <!----- Cowrey argid cadjin -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if: {{{cowrey|}}}| {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right;" {{!}} [[Cowraghyn argid cadjin|Cowrey]] {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{cowrey}}} }} <!----- Cowrey argid cadjin -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if: {{{enmys|}}}| {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right;" {{!}} [[Cowraghyn argid cadjin|Cowrey]] {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{enmys}}} }} <!----- Aagherrid -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if: {{{aagherrid|}}}| {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right;" {{!}} [[Cowraghyn argid cadjin|Cowrey]] {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{aagherrid}}} }} <!----- Cooinaghyn as fo-laueyn banc 'syn argid cadjin -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if: {{{cooinaghyn|}}}| {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right;" {{!}} [[Cooiney|Cooinaghyn]] {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{cooinaghyn}}} }} |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if: {{{fo-laueyn|}}}| {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right;" {{!}} [[Fo-laue vanc|Fo-laueyn banc]] {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{fo-laueyn}}} }} <!----- Ard-Vanc -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if:{{{ard-vanc|}}} | {{!}} colspan="2" style="background-color: #CCCC66; color: #fff; text-align: center;" {{!}} }} |- {{#if:{{{ard-vanc|}}} | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} {{nowrap|[[{{{enmys ard-vanc|Ard-Vanc}}}]]}} {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{ard-vanc}}} }} |- class="mergedbottomrow" {{#ifeq: {{#expr: {{#if:{{{ard-vanc|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{ynnyd-eggey ard-vanc|}}}|1|0}} }}| 1 | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} Ynnyd-eggey {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} [http://{{{ynnyd-eggey ard-vanc|www.wikipedia.org}}} {{{ynnyd-eggey ard-vanc|www.wikipedia.org}}}]}} <!----- Clou -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if:{{{clouder|}}} | {{!}} colspan="2" style="background-color: #CCCC66; color: #fff; text-align: center;" {{!}} }} |- {{#if:{{{clouder|}}} | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} Clouder {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{clouder}}} }} |- class="mergedbottomrow" {{#ifeq: {{#expr: {{#if:{{{clouder|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{ynnyd-eggey clouder|}}}|1|0}} }}| 1 | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} Ynnyd-eggey {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} [http://{{{ynnyd-eggey clouder|www.wikipedia.org}}} {{{ynnyd-eggey clouder|www.wikipedia.org}}}]}} <!----- Mwyllin argid -----> |- class="mergedtoprow" {{#if:{{{mwyllin argid|}}} | {{!}} colspan="2" style="background-color: #CCCC66; color: #fff; text-align: center;" {{!}} }} |- {{#if:{{{mwyllin argid|}}} | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} [[Mwyllin argid]] {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} {{{mwyllin argid}}} }} |- class="mergedbottomrow" {{#ifeq: {{#expr: {{#if:{{{mwyllin argid|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{ynnyd-eggey mwyllin argid|}}}|1|0}} }}| 1 | {{!}} style="background-color: #ffffff; text-align: right; vertical-align:top;" {{!}} Ynnyd-eggey {{!}} style="background-color: #FFFF99; text-align: left;" {{!}} [http://{{{ynnyd-eggey mwyllin argid|www.wikipedia.org}}} {{{ynnyd-eggey mwyllin argid|www.wikipedia.org}}}]}} |}<noinclude>{{-}} </noinclude> kow362tubk7ko5wxcun0si7bqpvy7tt 14 13734 393336 354894 2026-09-16T02:47:38Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 393336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commonscat|Cities in the United States by state|Ard-valjyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat}} {{moir-ronney}} [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit| Steat]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat| Ard-valjyn]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat ny thalloo]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn as baljyn rere aarheynn çheerey reiragh jeh'n chied cheim|Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cjl2uhbssw7ppkhogwq0pchl3dte8ju 0 16028 393303 393117 2026-09-15T22:47:44Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 393303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kishtey fys çhengey | ennym = Creeish | ennymdooghyssagh = ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ nēhiyawēwin | fockley magh = | daah kynney = Algagh | çheeraghyn = [[yn Chanadey]] | loayreyderyn = 117,410 (goaill stiagh [[Innuish]]–[[Naskapish]] as [[Atikamekwish]])<ref name="census">[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=0&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=1&IPS=&METH=0&ORDER=1&PID=89189&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=No&StartRow=1&SUB=705&Temporal=2006&Theme=70&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= Statistics Canada: 2006 Census]</ref> | kynneeaght = [[Cree]] | fam1 = [[Çhengaghyn Algagh|Algagh]] | fam2 = [[Çhengaghyn Algonquiagh|Algonquiagh]] | fam3 = [[Çhengaghyn Algonquiagh Meanagh|Meanagh]] | screeu = [[abbyrlhit Romanagh]], [[corys screeuee Creeish]] (nane jeh [[coryssyn screeuee Canadagh]]) | ashoon = [[Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie]] ny [[yn Chanadey|Canadey]] | iso1=cr | iso2=cre | iso3=cre | lc1=nsk|ll1=Naskapish|ld1=Naskapish | lc2=moe|ll2=Innuish|ld2=Innuish | lc3=atj|ll3=Atikamekwish|ld3=Atikamekwish | lc4=crm|ll4=Creeish Woose|ld4=Creeish Woose | lc5=crl|ll5=Creeish Hiar Hwoaie|ld5=Creeish Hiar Hwoaie | lc6=crj|ll6=Creeish Hiar Yiass|ld6=Creeish Hiar Yiass | lc7=crw|ll7=Creeish Churree|ld7=Creeish Churree | lc8=cwd|ll8=Creeish Cheylley|ld8=Creeish Cheylley | lc9=crk|ll9=Creeish Vagheragh|ld9=Creeish Vagheragh }}{{cowraghyn Canadagh}} Ta '''Creeish''' ({{lang|cr|Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ}}) ny [[macro-hengey]] [[çhengaghyn Algonquiagh|Algonquiagh]] ta goll er loayrt ec mysh 117,000 sleih 'syn [[yn Chanadey|Chanadey]], eddyr [[Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie]] as [[Labrador]]. Myr shen, she [[çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh ny Canadey|çhengey bun-dooghyssagh]] smoo ny Canadey<ref name="census"/> Gyn scansh da shen, cha nel [[çhengey oikoil|stayd oikoil]] erbee eck agh ayns [[Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie]] marish hoght çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh elley.<ref name = "lang"/> ==Ennym== Ta [[ennym dooghyssagh|enmyn dooghyssagh]] goaill stiagh ''Nēhiyawēwin'' ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ (Creeish Vagheragh), ''Nīhithawīwin'' (Crrish Cheylley), ''Nēhinawēwin'' as ''Nehirâmowin'' (Atikamekwish), ''Nehilawewin'' (Innuish Heear, abbyrt Piyekwâkamî), ''Leluwewn'' (Innuish Heear, abbyrt Betsiamites), ''Innu-Aimûn'' (Montagnish Hiar), ''Iynu-Ayamûn'' (Creeish Hiar Çheerey Yiass), ''Iyiyiw-Iyimiwin'' (Cree Hiar Hwoaie). ==Continuum abbyrtagh== Ta {{shallidagh|[[continuum abbyrtagh]]||k}} ny Creeish ry-rheynn rere ymmydee slattyn towsey. Ta'n scansh smoo baghtal eddyr abbyrtyn croghey er soilshaghey y [[myn-heean|vyn-heean]] '''*n''' [[Proto-Algonquish]] 'syn abbyrt jeianagh: {|border="1" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse: collapse;" !bgcolor=#cccccc|Abbyrt !bgcolor=#cccccc|Boayl !bgcolor=#cccccc|Soilshaghey<br />*''n'' !bgcolor=#cccccc|Fockle er son "dooghyssagh"<br />← *''enenyiwa'' !bgcolor=#cccccc|Fockle er son "uss"<br />← *''kīna'' |- | [[Creeish Vagheragh]] || SK, AB, BC, NT || align="center"| y||iyiniw ||kiya |- | [[Creeish Cheylley]] || MB, SK || align="center"| ð/th||iðiniw/ithiniw ||kīða/kītha |- | [[Creeish Churree]] || ON, MB, SK || align="center"| n||ininiw ||kīna |- | [[Creeish Woose]] || ON || align="center"| l||ililiw ||kīla |- | [[Creeish Hiar Hwoaie]] || QC || align="center"| y|| īyiyū ||čīy |- | [[Creeish Hiar Yiass]] || QC || align="center"| y||iynū ||čīy |- | [[Atikamekwish]] || QC || align="center"| r|| iriniw || kīr |- | [[Naskapish]] || QC || align="center"| y|| iyyū ||čīy |- | [[Innuish|Innuish Heear]] || QC || align="center"| l|| ilnū ||čīl |- | [[Innuish|Innuish Hiar]] || QC, NL || align="center"| n||innū||čīn |} Myr shen, ta Creeisheyryn Magheragh cur {{lang|cr|''nēhi'''y'''awēwin''}} er y çhengey, ta Creeisheyryn Keylley gra {{lang|cr|''nīhi'''th'''awīwin''}}, as ta Creeisheyryn Curree gra {{lang|cr|''nēhi'''n'''awēwin''}}. Ta obbyr {{shallidagh|[[caghlaays (çhengoaylleeaght){{!}}chaghlaaee]]||k}} chosoylagh ry-akin ayns ny [[çhengaghyn Siouagh]] myr '''''D'''akota, '''N'''akota'' as '''''L'''akota''. Ta abbyrtyn [[Ontario]] hwoaie, as slystyn [[James Bay]] yiass, [[Lanaudière]] as [[Mauricie]] ny [[Quebec]], geddyr-scarrey {{ASE|/ʃ/}} (''sh'' myr ''sh''uyr) as {{ASE|/s/}} (''s'' myr ''soo''). Ta abbyrtyn da'n çheear ad y chovestey myr {{ASE|/s/}}), as ta abbyrtyn ny çhiar ad y chovestey myr {{ASE|/ʃ/}} ny {{IPA|/h/}}). Ayns shiartase dy abbyrtyn, goaill stiagh [[Creeish Vagheragh]] hwoaie as [[Creeish Cheylley]], ta {{ASE|/eː/}} as {{ASE|/iː/}} er govestey myr {{ASE|/iː/}}. Ayns boodeeyssyn Québec [[Chisasibi, Quebec|Chisasibi]], [[Whapmagoostui, Quebec|Whapmagoostui]], as [[Kawawachikamach, Quebec|Kawawachikamach]], ta {{ASE|/eː/}} er govestey marish {{ASE|/aː/}}. Ta caghlaays sheeanagh elley croghey er [[cleaoilaghey]] '''*k''' Proto-Algonquish. Çheu hiar jeh creeagh Ontario as Quebec, er lhimmey jeh Atikamekwish, t'eh er arraghey dys {{ASE|/tʃ/ ny /ts/}} roie [[breeockle toshee]]. Shen ry-akin 'sy cholloo *kīna heose. ===Rang-oardraghey=== Ny keayrtyn, t'ad rheynn y continuum abbyrtagh ayns daa hengey, "Creeish" as "Montagnish". Ta "Creeish" goaill stiagh dagh ooilley abbyrt gyn y caghlaa *k -> {{ASE|/tʃ/}} ([[Yn Cholombey Ghoaldagh]]–[[Quebec]]) as ta "Montagnish" çheet er yn ardjyn raad ta'n caghlaa shen ayn ([[Quebec]]-[[Thalloo yn Eeast as Labrador]]). Shen ymmydoil er son çhengoaylleeaght, agh beggan boiragh er y fa dy vel eh cur "Montagnaish" er [[Creeish Hiar]]. <!-- ==Dialect groups== The Cree dialects can be broadly classified into nine groups. From west to east: {| class="wikitable" ! ISO-3 || ISO-3&nbsp;name || Linguasphere || Linguasphere&nbsp;name || dialect&nbsp;type || additional comments |- | bgcolor=#cccccc|cre || bgcolor=#cccccc|Cree (generic) || bgcolor=#cccccc|62-ADA-a || bgcolor=#cccccc|Cree || bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc| |- | cwd || [[Woods Cree language|Woods Cree]]<br />(Nīhithawīwin) || 62-ADA-ab || Woods Cree || '''th''' / '''k''' / '''s''' / '''ī''' || Also known as "Woods/Rocky Cree". In this dialect '''ē''' has merged into '''ī'''. |- | crk || [[Plains Cree language|Plains Cree]] || 62-ADA-aa || Plains Cree || '''y''' / '''k''' / '''s''' / '''ī''' (northern)<br>'''y''' / '''k''' / '''s''' / '''e''' (southern) || Divided to Southern Plains Cree (Nēhiyawēwin) and Northern Plains Cree (Nēhiyawēmowin). In the Northern dialect, '''ē''' has merged into '''ī'''. |- | rowspan=2|crw || rowspan=2|[[Swampy Cree language|Swampy Cree]]<br />(Nēhinawēwin) || 62-ADA-ac || Swampy Cree, West<br />(Ininīmowin) || rowspan=2| '''n''' / '''k''' / '''s''' / '''e''' (western)<br>'''n''' / '''k''' / '''s\š''' / '''e''' (eastern) || rowspan=2| Also known as "West Main Cree." In the western dialect, '''š''' has merged with '''s'''. |- | 62-ADA-ad || Swampy Cree, East (Ininiwi-Išikišwēwin) |- | crm || [[Moose Cree language|Moose Cree]]<br />(Ililīmowin) || 62-ADA-ae || Moose Cree || '''l''' / '''k''' / '''s\š''' / '''e''' || Also known as "West Main Cree." "Central Main Cree," "West Shore Cree," or "York Cree." |- | crl || [[Northern East Cree language|Northern&nbsp;East&nbsp;Cree]]<br />(Īyiyū Ayimūn) || 62-ADA-af || Cree, East || rowspan=2| '''y''' / '''č''' / '''s\š''' / '''ā''' (northern)<br>'''y''' / '''č''' / '''s\š''' / '''e''' (southern-coastal)<br>'''y''' / '''č''' / '''š~s''' / '''e''' (southern-inland) || rowspan=2| Also known as "James Bay Cree" or "East Main Cree". The long vowels '''ē''' and '''ā''' have merged in the northern dialect but are distinct in the southern. Southern East Cree is divided between coastal (southwestern) and inland (southeastern) varieties. Also, the inland southern dialect has lost the distinction between '''s''' and '''š'''. Here, the inland southern dialect falls in line with the rest of the Naskapi groups where both phonemes have become '''š'''. Nonetheless, the people from the two areas easily communicate. |- | crj || [[Southern East Cree language|Southern&nbsp;East&nbsp;Cree]]<br />(Īnū Ayimūn) || 62-ADA-ag || Cree, Southeast |- | bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc|62-ADA-b || bgcolor=#cccccc|Innu || bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc| |- | rowspan=3|nsk || rowspan=3|[[Naskapi language|Naskapi]] || bgcolor=#cccccc|62-ADA-ba || bgcolor=#cccccc|Mushau&nbsp;Innuts || bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc| |- | 62-ADA-baa || Koksoak || '''y''' / '''č''' / '''š~s''' / '''ā''' || Western Naskapi (Kawawachikamach) |- | 62-ADA-bab || Davis Inlet || '''n''' / '''č''' / '''š~s''' / '''ā''' || Eastern Naskapi (Mushuau Innu or Natuashish) |- | rowspan=6|moe || rowspan=6|[[Montagnais language|Montagnais]] || bgcolor=#cccccc|62-ADA-bb || bgcolor=#cccccc|Uashau&nbsp;Innuts&nbsp;+&nbsp;Bersimis || bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc| |- | 62-ADA-bbe || Pointe&nbsp;Bleue || rowspan=3| '''l''' / '''č''' / '''s\š''' / '''e''' || rowspan=3| Western Montagnais (Leluwewn); also known as the "Betsiamites dialect" |- | 62-ADA-bbd || Escoumains |- | 62-ADA-bbc || Bersimis |- | 62-ADA-bbb || Uashaui&nbsp;Innuts || '''n''' / '''č''' / '''s\š''' / '''e''' || Western Montagnais (Nehilawewin), but sometimes called "Central Montagnais" or "Piyekwâkamî dialect" |- | 62-ADA-bba || Mingan || '''n''' / '''č''' / '''s\š''' / '''e''' || Eastern Montagnais (Innu-aimûn) |- | bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc|62-ADA-c || bgcolor=#cccccc|Atikamekw || bgcolor=#cccccc| || bgcolor=#cccccc| |- | rowspan=3|atj || rowspan=3|[[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]]<br />(Nehirâmowin) || 62-ADA-ca || Manawan || rowspan=3| '''r''' / '''k''' / '''s\š''' / '''e''' || rowspan=3| |- | 62-ADA-cb || Wemotaci |- | 62-ADA-cc || Opitciwan |- |} --> ==Co-ordrail== Rere cliaghtey [[çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh Americaanagh]], she [[çhengey yl-chohaahagh]] t'ayn. Ta focklyn ny Creeish feer liauyr dy mennick, as ta un 'ockle soilshaghey keeayll lane raa 'sy Ghaelg. ==Screeu== Son y chooid smoo, ta abbyrtyn Creeish goll er screeu liorish [[corys screeuee Creeish]] rere tradishoon. Foddee oo ad y screeu 'syn [[abbyrlhit Romanagh]] chammah. Ta abbyrtyn [[Quebec]] hiar as [[Labrador]] goll er screeu 'syn abbyrlhit Romanagh ynrican. Ta shalleeyn ayn dys croo fockleyryn da abbyrtyn ny Creeish, myr sampleyr, [[Cree Language Resource Project]]. ==Cummaght== Ta cummaght ec cree er daa hengey ny Canadey Heear: [[Michif]] as [[Bungee]]. ==Stayd== [[Coadan:Mistassini roadsign.jpg|thumb|Fogrey "Scuirr" Creeish/Baarle/Frangish ayns Québec.]] Ta stayd ceaghlagh ec Creeish harrish yn Chanadey. T'ee mastey 11 hengey oikoil [[Thallooyn yn Eear Hwoaie]],agh cha nel agh beggan loayreyderyn eck 'syn ard, rish [[Fort Smith, Northwest Territories|Fort Smith]].<ref name="lang">[https://web.archive.org/web/20050408070402/http://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/PDF/ACTS/Official_Languages.pdf Northwest Territories Official Languages Act, 1988] (rere lhiasaghey 1988, 1991–1992, 2003)</ref> Ayns shiartase dy ardjyn, she çhengey vio ny theay t'ayn; ta mooar-earroo ny theay nyn Greeisheyryn as t'ee goll er ynsaghey ayns scoillyn liorish {{shallidagh|[[ynsaghey thummee]]||k}} as nah hengey. Ayns ardjyn elley, t'ee parail. T'ee mastey çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh stroshey America Hwoaie, agh er y fa nagh vel monney cooney undinyssagh eck, t'ee fo gaue ny yei shen. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Lioaryn== *[[Freda Ahenakew|Ahenakew, Freda]], Cree Language Structures: A Cree Approach. Pemmican Publications Inc., 1987. ISBN 0-919143-42-3 *Steller, Lea-Katharina (née Virághalmy): [http://fullextra.hu/modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=786 ''Alkalmazkodni és újat adni – avagy „accomodatio“ a paleográfiában''] In: ''Paleográfiai kalandozások''. Szentendre, 1995. ISBN 963-450-922-3 *Wolfart, H. C. & Freda Ahenakew, The Student's Dictionary of Literary Plains Cree. Memoir 15, Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics, 1998. ISBN 0-921064-15-2 *[[Arok Wolvengrey|Wolvengrey, Arok]], ed. ''nēhiýawēwin: itwēwina / Cree: Words / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ: ᐃᑗᐏᓇ'' [includes Latin orthographey and Cree syllabics]. [Cree–English English–Cree Dictionary – Volume 1: Cree-English; Volume 2: English-Cree]. Canadian Plains Research Center, 15 October 2001. ISBN 0-88977-127-8 * Bloomfield, Leonard. ''Plains Cree Texts''. New York: AMS Press, 1974. ISBN 0404581668 * Castel, Robert J., and David Westfall. ''Castel's English–Cree Dictionary and Memoirs of the Elders Based on the Woods Cree of Pukatawagan, Manitoba''. Brandon, Man: Brandon University Northern Teacher Education Program, 2001. ISBN 0968985807 * Dahlstrom, Amy. ''Plains Cree Morphosyntax''. Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York: Garland Pub, 1991. ISBN 0815301723 * Ellis, C. D. ''Spoken Cree, Level I, west coast of James Bay''. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2000. ISBN 0888643470 * Junker, Marie-Odile, Marguerite MacKenzie, Luci Salt, Alice Duff, Daisy Moar & Ruth Salt (réds) (2007–2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201024085026/http://dictf.eastcree.org/ Le Dictionnaire du cri de l'Est de la Baie James sur la toile: français-cri et cri-français ] (dialectes du Sud et du Nord). * LeClaire, Nancy, George Cardinal, Earle H. Waugh, and Emily Hunter. ''Alberta Elders' Cree Dictionary = Alperta Ohci Kehtehayak Nehiyaw Otwestamakewasinahikan''. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1998. ISBN 0888643098 * MacKenzie, Marguerite, Marie-Odile Junker, Luci Salt, Elsie Duff, Daisy Moar, Ruth Salt, Ella Neeposh & Bill Jancewicz (eds) (2004–2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026181943/http://dict.eastcree.org/ The Eastern James Bay Cree Dictionary on the Web : English-Cree and Cree-English ](Northern and Southern dialect). * Hirose, Tomio. ''[http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/52127595?page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fenhancements%2Ffy0651%2F2003008584-d.html&title=&linktype=digitalObject&detail= Origins of predicates evidence from Plains Cree]''. Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York: Routledge, 2003. ISBN 0415967791 * Wolfart, H. Christoph. ''Plains Cree A Grammatical Study''. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new ser., v. 63, pt. 5. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1973. ISBN 0871696355 ==Kianglaghyn çheumooie== * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=91163 Ethnologue entry for Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110524053245/http://www.creedictionary.com/about.php Fockleyr ny Creeish] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112202636/http://www.atlas-ling.ca/ The Cree-Innu linguistic atlas] * [http://www.giftoflanguageandculture.ca/ The Gift of Language and Culture website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20000816223055/http://www.nisto.com/cree/ Nehinawe: Speak Cree] * [http://www.eastcree.org/ The East Cree language web] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050921042321/http://www.sicc.sk.ca/heritage/sils/ourlanguages/cree.html Our Languages: Cree] (Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre) * [http://www.languagegeek.com/algon/cree/nehiyawewin.html Languagegeek: Cree]— Fontyn OpenType * [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-69-2473/life_society/cree/ CBC Digital Archives—Eeyou Istchee: Land of the Cree] * [http://www.pathoftheelders.com/ Path of the Elders] – Explore Treaty 9, Aboriginal Cree & First Nations history. {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Creeish| ]] [[Ronney:Cree (sleih)]] [[Ronney:Cultoor ny Cree]] [[Ronney:Çhengaghyn Algonkagh Meanagh]] [[Ronney:Çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh keylljyn hiar America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh Strahghyn America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh America Hwoaie Fo-arctagh]] [[Ronney:Çhengaghyn ny Kied Ashoonyn 'sy Chanadey]] [[Ronney:Çhengaghyn bun-dooghyssagh America Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çhengaghyn guintee]] heoz0etllwby2997k46vvwr72o5rszx 0 17679 393313 356936 2026-09-16T01:10:15Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 393313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys boayl | ennym_gienneydagh = Tel Aviv-Yafo | ennym = Tel Aviv-Yafo | ennym_elley = <br />תל אביב-יפו<br /><br />تل أَبِيب-يافا | ennym_dooghyssagh = | sorçh_balley = Ard-valley | jalloo_armys = TelAvivEmblem.svg | mooadys_armys = 75px | jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Tel Aviv.svg | mooadys_brattagh = 130px | jarroo-raa = | far-ennym = | jalloo_bun_speyrey = | mooadys_jalloo = 270px | fo-heidyl_jalloo = Reayrtyn er Tel Aviv-Yafo | caslys-çheerey_broo-freeney = Israel | soiaghey_lipaid_broo-freeney = | fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey_broo-freeney = Soiaghey Tel Aviv-Yafo ayns Israel | mooadys_caslys-çheerey_broo-freeney = | ard_coordnaidyn = IL | taishbyney_coordnaidyn = inline, title | sorçh_aarheynn = [[Rolley çheeraghyn y theihill|Çheer]] | ennym_aarheynn = {{brattagh|Israel|Israel}} | sorçh_aarheynn1 = [[Slystyn Israel|Slyst]] | ennym_aarheynn1 = [[Slyst Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] | sorçh_aarheynn2 = Ard moirvaljagh | ennym_aarheynn2 = [[Gush Dan]] | enmys_bunneeaght= Bunnit | date_bunneeaght = 20 Averil 1909 | sorçh_slane = Ard-valley | enmys_fer-toshee = Meoir | ennym_fer-toshee = [[Ron Huldai]] | slane_earroo_yn_phobble = 405000 | earroo_yn_phobble_moir = 3401700 | earroo_yn_phobble_er = 2011 | fo-noteyn_earroo_yn_phobble = | glooaght_y_phobble_km2 = 7955.4 | slane_eaghtyr_km2 = 52 | fo-noteyn_eaghtyr = | cryss_hraa = [[Traa ynnydagh Israel|IST]] | ashchur_utc = +2 | cryss_hraa_TTSL = [[Traa Houree Israel|IDT]] | ashchur_utc_TTSL = +3 | yrjid_m = 754 | latd = 32 |latm = 04 |latNS = N | longd = 34 |longm = 47 |longEW = E | coad_ardjynagh = 03 | ynnyd-eggey = {{URL|www.tel-aviv.gov.il}} | fo-noteyn = }} She '''Tel Aviv-Yafo''' ({{lang-he-n|תֵּל אָבִיב-יָפוֹ}}; {{lang-ar|تل أَبِيب-يافا}}) y nah ard-valley smoo ayns [[Israel]], as ny smoo na 400,000 sleih cummal ayn. Ta'n ard-valley 52 km² er eaghtyr as t'ee ny soie er coose [[Yn Veanvooir|Meanvooiragh]] Israel heear veanagh. T'eh ny ard-valley smoo ayns [[Gush Dan|Ard Moirvaljagh Tel Aviv]] as 3,401,700 sleih cummal ayn. Ta'n ard-valley goll fo reirey valjaght Tel Aviv-Yafo, as she [[Ron Huldai]] meoir yn ard-valley. Ta'n ennym ''Tel Avivim'' currit er cummaltee yn ard-valley. Er yn oyr nagh vel [[ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] as ram çheeraghyn cur [[Jerusalem]] er enney myr preeu-valley yn çheer, ta ram thieyn çaghteraght soit ayns Tel Aviv. Va Tel Aviv bunnit ec y voodeeys Ewnagh er brooinyn y çhenn ard-valley purtagh [[Jaffa]] ({{lang-he-n|יָפוֹ}} ''Yafo''; {{lang-ar|يافا‎, ''Yāfā''}}) 'sy vlein 1909. Ren arraghey stiagh ny Ewnyn cur rish aase Tel Aviv as tammylt beg ny yei haink er Tel Aviv dy ve ny smoo na Jaffa, as pobbyl Arabagh cummal ayn ec y traa shen. Va Tel Aviv as Jaffa covestit rish nyn geilley myr un valjaght 'sy vlein 1950, daa vlein lurg bunneeaght Steat Israel. [[File:Channel2 - Tel Aviv.webm|thumb|right|300px|thumbtime=00:03]] ==Mooinjerys eddyrashoonagh== {{jeeagh|Rolley baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit ayns Israel}} ===Baljyn as ard-valjyn lannoonit=== Ta parteeas ayn eddyr Tel Aviv as [[Los Angeles]] ayns [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] as, myrane lesh shen, t'eh goll er lannooney rish: {| class="wikitable" |- valign="top" | *{{brattagh|France}} [[Toulouse]], [[Yn Rank|y Rank]] *{{brattagh|USA}} [[Philadelphia]], [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|SUA]] *{{brattagh|Germany}} [[Koloin]], [[Yn Ghermaan|y Ghermaan]] *{{brattagh|Germany}} [[Frankfurt]], y Ghermaan *{{brattagh|Germany}} [[Bonn]], y Ghermaan *{{brattagh|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[yn Argenteen]] *{{brattagh|Hungary}} [[Budapest]], [[yn Ungaar]] *{{brattagh|Serbia}} [[Belgraaid]], [[Yn Serb|y Serb]] *{{brattagh|Poland}} [[Warszawa]], [[Yn Pholynn|y Pholynn]] |style="width:33.3%;"| *{{brattagh|Germany}} [[Essen]], y Ghermaan *{{brattagh|Bulgaria}} [[Sofia]], [[Yn Vulgeyr|y Vulgeyr]] *{{brattagh|France}} [[Cannes]], y Rank *{{brattagh|Poland}} [[Łódź]], y Pholynn *{{brattagh|Italy}} [[Milaan]], [[yn Iddaal]] *{{brattagh|Greece}} [[Thessaloniki]], [[Yn Ghreag|y Ghreag]] *{{brattagh|China}} [[Beijing]], [[Deynphobblaght ny Sheen|y Çheen]] *{{brattagh|USA}} [[Caayr York Noa]], SUA |style="width:33.3%;"| *{{brattagh|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Yn Spaainey|y Spaainey]] *{{brattagh|Kazakhstan}} [[Almatı]], [[Yn Chassaghstaan|y Chassaghstaan]] *{{brattagh|Moldova}} [[Chișinău]], [[Moldova]] *{{brattagh|South Korea}} [[Incheon]], [[Yn Chorea Yiass|y Chorea Yiass]] *{{brattagh|Russia}} [[Moscow]], [[Yn Roosh|y Roosh]] *{{brattagh|Brazil}} [[São Paulo]], [[Yn Vrasseel|y Vrasseel]] *{{brattagh|Austria}} [[Veen]], [[yn Austeyr]] *{{brattagh|France}} [[Paarys]], y Rank |} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} *[http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/English/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Valjaght Tel Aviv] {{en jalloo}} *[http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Valjaght Tel Aviv] {{he jalloo}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060126234610/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Arabic/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Valjaght Tel Aviv] {{ar jalloo}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20200821005747/http://www.visit-tlv.com/ Ynnyd-eggey turrysid oikoil Tel Aviv] *[http://www.telavivfoundation.org/ Undinys Tel Aviv] {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Tel Aviv| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Impiraght Ottomanagh 'sy vlein 1909]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns Slyst Tel Aviv]] [[Ronney:Baljyn beggey Ewagh 'syn Impiraght Ottomanagh]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn as baljyn purtey er y Veanvooir ayns Israel]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit bunnit 'sy vlein 1909]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns Israel]] 7imx570c9nvaehkgwni8z6rchfyy779 2 19947 393359 392960 2026-09-16T04:20:03Z ListeriaBot 10339 Wikidata list updated [V2] 393359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?yob ?yod WHERE { ?item wdt:P19 ?pob . ?pob wdt:P131* wd:Q9676 . OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P569 ?dob . BIND(YEAR(?dob) as ?yob) } OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P570 ?dod . BIND(YEAR(?dod) as ?yod) } . } |wdq=. |sort=569 |section=31 |columns=number:#,P18:XXX Add 'Image' in Manx here please! XXX,label:XXX change to 'Name' in Manx! XXX,?yob:XXX dob XXX,?yod:XXX date of death XXX,P19:xxx Place of birth xxx }} == human == {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! XXX Add 'Image' in Manx here please! XXX ! XXX change to 'Name' in Manx! XXX ! XXX dob XXX ! XXX date of death XXX ! xxx Place of birth xxx |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | | ''[[:d:Q134487555|Chris Garrett]]'' | 1984 | 2025 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | | ''[[:d:Q135256163|Michael Higgins]]'' | 1939 | 1988 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | | ''[[:d:Q136434024|Albert Hugh Teare]]'' | 1877 | 1932 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[Coadan:Frederick Agnew Gill LCCN2014714984 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frederick Agnew Gill]] | 1873 | 1938 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | | ''[[:d:Q75456632|Elizabeth Quayle]]'' | | | [[Skeerey Chreest ny h-Ayrey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[Coadan:Paul Lebiedzinski.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q28810393|Paul Lebiedzinski]]'' | 1951 | 1995 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[Coadan:John Moore Jeffcott.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q31201248|John Moore Jeffcott]]'' | 1817 | 1892 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[Coadan:Stewart Stevenson Moore.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q37154286|Stewart Stevenson Moore]]'' | 1860 | 1951 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | | ''[[:d:Q39070085|John Kelly]]'' | 1793 | 1854 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[Coadan:Snaefell Miners.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q41757067|John Kewley]]'' | 1832 | 1905 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[Coadan:Elizabeth S. Nutt, A.R.C.A. (I0007923).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q43196426|Elizabeth Styring Nutt]]'' | 1870 | 1946 | [[Kione Droghad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | | ''[[:d:Q43606976|Charles Swynnerton]]'' | 1843 | 1923 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | | ''[[:d:Q43779525|Mark Hildesley Quayle]]'' | 1804 | 1879 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | | ''[[:d:Q43945628|Mark Quayle]]'' | 1770 | 1804 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | | ''[[:d:Q44049933|John Quayle]]'' | 1693 | 1755 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | | ''[[:d:Q44746168|Mark Quayle]]'' | 1841 | 1928 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | | ''[[:d:Q48110870|Joseph Swynnerton]]'' | 1848 | 1910 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | | ''[[:d:Q52148110|Jim Caine]]'' | 1926 | 2018 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | | ''[[:d:Q53196681|Wilfred Kissack]]'' | 1873 | 1942 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | | ''[[:d:Q54553548|Millie Robinson]]'' | 1924 | 1994 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[Coadan:Nellie Brennan.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q55418295|Nelly Brennan]]'' | 1792 | 1859 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | | ''[[:d:Q56254209|Thomas Stowell]]'' | 1764 | 1821 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | | ''[[:d:Q56452187|Derek Ennett]]'' | 1931 | 1956 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | | ''[[:d:Q56528264|Thomas Tobin]]'' | 1775 | 1863 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[Coadan:John D. LaMothe.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q56665493|John Dominique LaMothe]]'' | 1868 | 1928 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | | ''[[:d:Q56887925|Nina Morrison]]'' | 1915 | 2011 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | | [[Dorothy Pantin]] | 1896 | 1985 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Coadan:John Quayle (1725 - 1797).png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q60754040|John Quayle]]'' | 1725 | 1797 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | | ''[[:d:Q64685433|Francis Claudius Armstrong]]'' | 1802 | 1872 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | | ''[[:d:Q64685645|Hugh Coleman Davidson]]'' | 1852 | 1934 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | | ''[[:d:Q65767130|Pilcher George Ralfe]]'' | 1861 | 1936 | [[Skeerey Chreest ny h-Ayrey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | | ''[[:d:Q65768017|Frank Stanley Graves]]'' | 1863 | 1935 | [[Skeerey Charmane]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | | ''[[:d:Q66606883|John Joseph Heywood]]'' | 1789 | 1855 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[Coadan:Mona Hirst 1925.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q70743693|Mona Hirst]]'' | 1903 | 1988 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Coadan:Emily Maria Gawne.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q75265312|Emily Maria Gawne]]'' | 1814 | 1889 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | | [[Ewan Christian (briw)|Ewan Christian]] | 1579 | 1655 | [[Skeerey Chreest ny h-Ayrey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Coadan:Portrait of Esther Taubman, née Christian (by George Romney).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q75456778|Esther Christian]]'' | 1711 | 1802 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | | ''[[:d:Q75458718|George Horsley Wood]]'' | | 1874 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | | ''[[:d:Q75460583|Robert Christian]]'' | 1625 | 1668 | [[Skeerey Maghal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | | ''[[:d:Q75463324|Margaret Moore]]'' | 1733<br/>1730 | 1782<br/>1807 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | | ''[[:d:Q75463414|Margaret Moore]]'' | 1736 | 1828 | [[Skeerey Vraddan|Skeerey Braddan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | | ''[[:d:Q75463447|Margaret Moore]]'' | 1769 | 1804 | [[Skeerey Vraddan|Skeerey Braddan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | | ''[[:d:Q75946963|Anna Cleather]]'' | 1811 | 1887 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | | ''[[:d:Q76142859|Fanny Edith Walters]]'' | 1887 | 1949 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | | ''[[:d:Q76245966|Laura, Lady Buchan]]'' | 1797 | 1888 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | | ''[[:d:Q78901420|Edward Ashton Cannell]]'' | 1927 | 1994 | [[Purt Çhiarn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | | [[Tommy Leece]] | 1859 | 1956 | [[Skeerey Chairbre]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | | ''[[:d:Q94373906|John Kaighn]]'' | 1660 | 1724 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Coadan:Leonard McCombe, 1954, NY, Photograh taken by Jun Miki.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q97066829|Leonard McCombe]]'' | 1923 | 2005 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | | [[Edmund Goodwin]] | 1845 | 1925 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | | ''[[:d:Q97497011|Lewis Crellin]]'' | 1901 | 1990 | [[Forsdal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | | ''[[:d:Q97597263|Leslie Quirk]]'' | 1914 | 2004 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | | ''[[:d:Q98763296|Norman Sayle]]'' | 1926 | 2007 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | | ''[[:d:Q101068189|John Quayle-Dickson]]'' | 1860 | 1945 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | | ''[[:d:Q102175647|David W. Lewis]]'' | 1944 | 2021 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | | ''[[:d:Q104286259|Ernest Feltus Adams]]'' | 1865 | 1957 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[Coadan:Thomas Leigh-Goldie.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q109559333|Thomas Leigh Goldie]]'' | 1807 | 1854 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | | ''[[:d:Q110806864|John Newlands Thomson]]'' | 1870 | 1948 | [[Purt le Moirrey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | | ''[[:d:Q112394413|John David Williams]]'' | 1931 | 2005 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | | ''[[:d:Q112954595|Letitia Hannah Damer Sandys]]'' | 1840<br/>1833 | 1911 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | | ''[[:d:Q114578445|John Wordsworth]]'' | 1845 | 1920 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | | ''[[:d:Q120900628|R. S. McCombe]]'' | 1902 | 1985 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Coadan:Robert Swan Stephen.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q121875076|Robert Swan Stephen]]'' | 1843 | 1903 | [[Skeerey Maghal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | | [[John Quane]] | 1757 | 1838 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | | [[Robert E. Christian]] | 1817 | 1891 | [[Skeerey Maghal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | | ''[[:d:Q122381207|Voirrey Irving]]'' | 1918 | 2005 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[Coadan:Charles Lionel Carson (1847–1901).png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q123558946|Charles Lionel Carson]]'' | 1847 | 1901 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[Coadan:Margaret Jennifer Kewley Draskau in the video 'Lady Derby – The Great Whore of Babylon'.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q130730092|Jennifer Kewley Draskau]]'' | | 2024 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | | ''[[:d:Q6387399|Ken Burns]]'' | 1923 | 2006 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[Coadan:Mark Cubbon b1785.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6767214|Mark Cubbon]]'' | 1775 | 1861 | [[Skeerey Maghal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Coadan:ColMarkWilks.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6770348|Mark Wilks]]'' | 1759 | 1831 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | | ''[[:d:Q6777668|Martyn Quayle]]'' | 1959 | 2016 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | | ''[[:d:Q7173434|Peter Craine]]'' | 2000 | 2003 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | | ''[[:d:Q7324916|Richard Costain]]'' | 1839 | 1902 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | | ''[[:d:Q7342026|Robert Benjamin Young]]'' | 1773 | 1846 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | | ''[[:d:Q7351285|Robert Wylie]]'' | 1839 | 1877 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Coadan:Sophia Morrison.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Sophia Morrison]] | 1859 | 1917 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | | ''[[:d:Q7627097|Stuart Slack]]'' | 1935 | 1998 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[Coadan:T. E. Brown (young).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q7789264|Thomas Edward Brown]]'' | 1830 | 1897 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | | ''[[:d:Q7790684|Thomas Hill Dixon]]'' | 1816 | 1880 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | | ''[[:d:Q7821311|Toni Onley]]'' | 1928 | 2004 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | | [[Walter y Chleree]] | 1928 | 2007 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | | ''[[:d:Q8010366|William H. Corlett]]'' | 1856 | 1937 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | | [[William Kennish]] | 1799 | 1862 | [[Skeerey Maghal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[Coadan:William Moore (1898).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q8015768|William Moore]]'' | 1823 | 1914 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[Coadan:Sir William Rowan.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q8017805|William Rowan]]'' | 1789 | 1879 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[Coadan:Rushen Abbey.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q8017850|William Russell]]'' | | 1374 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | | ''[[:d:Q9374876|William Russell]]'' | 1852 | 1940 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | | ''[[:d:Q10314191|Kenneth Creer]]'' | 1925 | 2020 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | | [[John Kelly (scoillar)|John Kelly]] | 1750 | 1809 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | | [[Noel Cringle]] | 1937 | 2021 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Coadan:Edward Faragher.jpeg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Faragher]] | 1831 | 1908 | [[Creneash]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[Coadan:Josephine Kermode (Cushag).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Josephine Kermode]] | 1852 | 1937 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[Coadan:Mona Margaret McBURNEY.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q15433239|Mona McBurney]]'' | 1862 | 1932 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[Coadan:Philip Moore Callow Kermode.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q15453822|P. M. C. Kermode]]'' | 1855 | 1932 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[Coadan:Hugo Flinn 1933.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q15996075|Hugo Flinn]]'' | 1880 | 1943 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[Coadan:Canon John Quine.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q15997058|John Quine]]'' | 1857 | 1940 | [[Skeerey Charmane]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[Coadan:W. Walter Gill.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q16002989|W. Walter Gill]]'' | 1876 | 1963 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | | ''[[:d:Q16007058|Harry Korris]]'' | 1891 | 1971 | [[Kione Droghad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[Coadan:Christopher R. Shimmin.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q16029252|Christopher R. Shimmin]]'' | 1870 | 1933 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Coadan:Actress Annie Yeamans, c. 1896.png|center|128px]] | [[Annie Yeamans]] | 1835 | 1912 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[Coadan:Robert Q. Kermode.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q16065654|Robert Kermode]]'' | 1812 | 1870 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | | ''[[:d:Q16169661|John Dongan]]'' | 1301 | 1413 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | | ''[[:d:Q16200333|Esther Nelson]]'' | 1810 | 1843 | [[Jorby]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Coadan:Kathleen Faragher.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Kathleen Faragher]] | 1904 | 1974 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | | ''[[:d:Q16825531|Stewart Henbest Capper]]'' | 1859 | 1925 | [[Lunnin]]<br/>[[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | | ''[[:d:Q17182825|William Garrett]]'' | 1842 | 1916 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | | ''[[:d:Q17309064|Charles Gibbon]]'' | 1843 | 1890 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Coadan:Plexus (1901) (14597471297).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q18157096|William Edward Quine]]'' | 1847 | 1922 | [[Skeerey Stondane]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Coadan:Capt. William Gill, the first Captain of the line..jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Gill (marrinagh)|William Gill]] | 1795 | 1858 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Coadan:William Cubbon.jpg|center|128px]] | [[William Cubbon]] | 1865 | 1955 | [[Colby]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Coadan:Sir Benjamin Alfred Dobson statue, Bolton (4).JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q18681459|Benjamin Dobson]]'' | 1847 | 1898 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[Coadan:Sir James Gell.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q18922358|James Gell]]'' | 1823 | 1905 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Coadan:Archibald Cregeen.png|center|128px]] | [[Archibald Cregeen]] | 1774 | 1841 | [[Colby]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[Coadan:Rev thomas bacon.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q19282324|Thomas Bacon]]'' | 1711 | 1768 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | | ''[[:d:Q20639142|Annie Warren Gill]]'' | 1862 | 1930 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | | ''[[:d:Q20683954|Charles Clague]]'' | 1890 | 1962 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | | ''[[:d:Q20711846|Frank Gill]]'' | 1866 | 1950 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | | ''[[:d:Q20747196|Arthur Lemon]]'' | 1850 | 1912 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | | ''[[:d:Q20756364|Patrick William Stuart-Menteath]]'' | 1845 | 1925 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | | ''[[:d:Q20763301|Richard Paget Murray]]'' | 1842 | 1908 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[Coadan:Joseph Creer MLA.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q20810712|Joseph Creer]]'' | 1832 | 1913 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | | ''[[:d:Q20877240|Edward Quayle]]'' | 1802 | 1862 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | | ''[[:d:Q20981819|Sidney Nowell Rostron]]'' | 1883 | 1948 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | | ''[[:d:Q21461346|Frederick Swynnerton]]'' | 1858 | 1918 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | | ''[[:d:Q21538837|Thomas O'Reilly]]'' | 1819 | 1881 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[Coadan:Capt. James Teare of the RMS Ellan Vannin..JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q22018744|James Teare]]'' | 1872 | 1909 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | | ''[[:d:Q24034942|Amelia Jane Murray]]'' | 1800 | 1896 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | | ''[[:d:Q24205000|William Cain]]'' | 1831 | 1914 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | | ''[[:d:Q24264205|James F. Keggin]]'' | 1905 | 1993 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | | [[Doolish y Karagher]] | 1926 | 1987 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | | ''[[:d:Q26330510|William Hutchison]]'' | 1904 | 1975 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | | ''[[:d:Q27178436|Robert H. Nesbitt]]'' | 1883 | 1966 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[Coadan:David "Dawsey" Kewley.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q27827705|David Kewley]]'' | 1850 | 1904 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[Coadan:James Stowell Gell.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q28179118|James Stowell Gell]]'' | 1855 | 1919 | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[Coadan:Samuel Harris.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q28203030|Samuel Harris]]'' | 1815 | 1905 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[Coadan:RobinGibb.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q188482|Robin Gibb]]'' | 1949 | 2012 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[Coadan:Maurice Gibb (Bee Gees) - TopPop 1973 (cropped).png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q296876|Maurice Gibb]]'' | 1949 | 2003 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | | [[Randolph Quirk]] | 1920 | 2017 | [[Maayl]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | | [[Ned Maddrell]] | 1877 | 1974 | [[Creneash]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[Coadan:Rhodri Mawr - Historiae Cambriae.png|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q470862|Rhodri Mawr]]'' | 820 | 878 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[Coadan:John Thomas Caine.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q964884|John Thomas Caine]]'' | 1829 | 1911 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | | ''[[:d:Q1064177|Charles Duncan Cameron]]'' | 1825 | 1870 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | | [[Chris Killip]] | 1946 | 2020 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[Coadan:Edward Forbes.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Edward Forbes]] | 1815 | 1854 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[Coadan:Peter Heywood, by John Simpson.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q1370965|Peter Heywood]]'' | 1772 | 1831 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[Coadan:Eredoctoraten UvA nr. 21, 22 Charles B. Timmer , nr. 1 20 prof. J. Frank Kerm, Bestanddeelnr 934-1653.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Frank Kermode]] | 1919 | 2010 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[Coadan:Hugh Binney.jpeg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q1634227|Hugh Binney]]'' | 1883 | 1953 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | | ''[[:d:Q2025044|Daniel Lowey]]'' | 1878 | 1951 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[Coadan:Gofraid Crobán (British Library Cotton MS Julius A VII, folio 50v).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Gorree Crovan]] | 1050 | 1095 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Coadan:MikeKerruish.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mike Kerruish]] | 1948 | 2010 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Coadan:Brian Stowell - Gaisgeach na Gaelg.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Brian Stowell]] | 1936 | 2019 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Coadan:Archibald Knox.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2860090|Archibald Knox]]'' | 1864 | 1933 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[Coadan:Goshen-Routh 10.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Arthur Caley]] | 1824 | 1889 | [[Skeerey Chreest ny h-Ayrey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | | ''[[:d:Q2917082|Peter Buckley]]'' | 1944 | 1969 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | | ''[[:d:Q2960723|Charles de Viry]]'' | 1809 | 1888 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | | ''[[:d:Q2979086|Clifford Irving]]'' | 1914 | 2004 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | | ''[[:d:Q3048476|Edward Christian]]'' | 1600<br/>1590 | 1659<br/>1661 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | | ''[[:d:Q3082831|Frank Tipper]]'' | 1909 | 1963 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | | [[Hilary Pritchard]] | 1942 | 1996 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[Coadan:Illiam Dhone.JPG|center|128px]] | [[Illiam Dhone]] | 1608 | 1662<br/>1663 | [[Camys y Ree]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[Coadan:Captain John Quilliam RN.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3182325|John Quilliam]]'' | 1771 | 1829 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | | ''[[:d:Q3184768|Joseph Clayton Clark]]'' | 1857<br/>1856 | 1937 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | | [[Joseph Davidson Qualtrough]] | 1885 | 1960 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | | ''[[:d:Q3375184|Percy Cowley]]'' | 1886 | 1958 | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | | ''[[:d:Q3780140|Gwen Crellin]]'' | 1917 | 2007 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | | ''[[:d:Q4647267|A.P. Penketh]]'' | 1865 | 1932 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | | ''[[:d:Q4684998|Adrian Earnshaw]]'' | 1950 | 2022 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[Coadan:AWM 099103 Arnold Potts.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4795209|Arnold Potts]]'' | 1896 | 1968 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Coadan:Arthur William Moore.png|center|128px]] | [[Arthur William Moore]] | 1853 | 1909 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[Coadan:Baldwin Wake Walker.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4850612|Baldwin Wake Walker]]'' | 1802 | 1876 | ''[[:d:Q3398663|Port e Vullen]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[Coadan:Bertram Kelly, vicar.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bertram Kelly]] | 1884 | 1976 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | | [[Bill Malarkey (politickeyr)|Bill Malarkey]] | 1951 | 2020 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | | ''[[:d:Q4980208|Bryan Kneale]]'' | 1930 | 2025 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | | [[Charles Kerruish]] | 1917 | 2003 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[Coadan:TT Lightweight - Dan Kneen (8985019419).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q5213818|Dan Kneen]]'' | 1987 | 2018 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | | ''[[:d:Q5232102|David Callister]]'' | 1935 | 2020 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | | ''[[:d:Q5233727|David Forbes]]'' | 1828 | 1876 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | | ''[[:d:Q5262311|Derek Robinson]]'' | 1941 | 2002 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | | [[Dursley McLinden]] | 1965 | 1995 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | | ''[[:d:Q5339649|Edmund Lowey]]'' | 1938 | 2024 | [[Balley Sallagh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | | ''[[:d:Q5442313|Felix Fordati Ready]]'' | 1872 | 1940 | [[Balley Sallagh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | | ''[[:d:Q5534099|Geoff Corkish]]'' | 1953 | 2025 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | | ''[[:d:Q5585508|Gordon Manley]]'' | 1902 | 1980 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | | ''[[:d:Q5702651|Harry Dacre]]'' | 1860 | 1922 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[Coadan:Hugh Stowell Brown.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Hugh Stowell Brown]] | 1823 | 1886 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | | [[Jack Nivison]] | 1910 | 2003 | [[Skeerey Vraddan|Skeerey Braddan]]<br/>[[Kione Droghad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Coadan:James Ashton.jpeg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6128902|James Ashton]]'' | 1859 | 1935 | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Coadan:James Kewley Ward 1890.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6137285|James Kewley Ward]]'' | 1819 | 1910 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | | ''[[:d:Q6218777|John Allen Mylrea]]'' | 1849 | 1911 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | | [[John Joseph Kneen]] | 1873 | 1938 | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Coadan:John McHutchin.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6247893|John McHutchin]]'' | 1788 | 1847 | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Coadan:Max Walker - 2023 UCI Road World Championships (Men's under-23 road race).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q107036155|Max Walker]]'' | 2001 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | | ''[[:d:Q108257419|Nola York]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Coadan:Becky Storrie - Présentation TCFIA 2025.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q108878510|Becky Storrie]]'' | 1998 | | [[Balley Sallagh]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | | ''[[:d:Q111254683|Jason Evans]]'' | 1991 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Coadan:Yasmin Ingham at the Badminton Horse Trials 2025 - 20250510 135552(0).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Yasmin Ingham]] | 1997 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | | ''[[:d:Q114785217|William Henry Cooper]]'' | 1870 | | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | | ''[[:d:Q115910223|Michael Bott]]'' | 1954 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | | ''[[:d:Q117309494|Anna Branford]]'' | 1975 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | | ''[[:d:Q124685800|Tyler Hannay]]'' | 2003 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | | ''[[:d:Q126365066|Lucy Barnett]]'' | 2006 | | [[Kione Droghad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | | ''[[:d:Q130198574|Brian Christian]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | | ''[[:d:Q134973228|Catherine Perry]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | | ''[[:d:Q134973249|Rebecca Webster]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | | ''[[:d:Q134973255|Daniellle Murphy]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | | ''[[:d:Q134973282|Alanya Thorpe]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | | ''[[:d:Q134973285|Andrea Littlejohns]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | | ''[[:d:Q134973288|Caitlin Henery]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | | ''[[:d:Q134973298|Clare Crowe]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | | ''[[:d:Q134980247|Bliss Murtagh]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | | ''[[:d:Q134980251|Emma Miller]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | | ''[[:d:Q134980254|Rachel Overman]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | | ''[[:d:Q134980258|Sam Hassall]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | | ''[[:d:Q134980259|Finnola Martin]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[Coadan:James franklin iom 2021 1.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q135898155|James Franklin]]'' | 1980 | | ''[[:d:Q26715141|Glen Mona]]'' |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | | ''[[:d:Q135898269|Simon Maddrell]]'' | 1965 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | | ''[[:d:Q138535546|Alexander Foster]]'' | 1999 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | | ''[[:d:Q140366855|William Arthur Gill]]'' | 1865 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[Coadan:Jersey Town Criterium 2012 Greg Mansell.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q126242|Greg Mansell]]'' | 1987 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[Coadan:Mark Cavendish TDF2012 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Mark Cavendish]] | 1985 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[Coadan:Barry Gibb in 2017-Glasto17-197 (34744934874).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q296872|Barry Gibb]]'' | 1946 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | | ''[[:d:Q373700|Richard Corkill]]'' | 1951 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[Coadan:Leo Mansell 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q427791|Leo Mansell]]'' | 1985 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[Coadan:Samantha Barks - Fendi.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Samantha Barks]] | 1990 | | [[Laksaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[Coadan:Andrew Roche - 2014 Commonwealth Games (Men's road time trial).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q506928|Andrew Roche]]'' | 1971 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[Coadan:Peter Kennaugh - Tour de Romandie 2010, Stage 3.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q561361|Peter Kennaugh]]'' | 1989 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[Coadan:Ss7 higgins.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q570357|Mark Higgins]]'' | 1971 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[Coadan:Saint-Ghislain - Grand Prix Pino Cerami, 22 juillet 2015, départ (B016).JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q594947|Mark Christian]]'' | 1990 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | | ''[[:d:Q935074|Donald Gelling]]'' | 1938 | | [[Skeerey Stondane]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[Coadan:Alan Bell 2007.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Allan Bell]] | 1947 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | | ''[[:d:Q1378254|James Anthony Brown]]'' | 1950 | | [[Balley Chashtal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[Coadan:Jonathan Bellis.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q1381074|Jonathan Bellis]]'' | 1988 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[Coadan:Amy Jackson headshot (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Amy Jackson]] | 1992 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[Coadan:David Knight WEC 2010.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2309170|David Knight]]'' | 1978 | | [[Balley ny Loghey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[Coadan:Prof eva rieger.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q2693484|Eva Rieger]]'' | 1940 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | | ''[[:d:Q2898341|Bernard Moffatt]]'' | 1946 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | | [[Clare Christian]] | 1945 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[Coadan:Harry Manx at Bluesfest 2008.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3127867|Harry Manx]]'' | 1955 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[Coadan:Jamie Blackley.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Jamie Blackley]] | 1991 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | | ''[[:d:Q3314091|Miles Walker]]'' | 1940 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | | ''[[:d:Q3337801|Neil Bennett]]'' | 1951 | | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[Coadan:Conor Cummins portrait.JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q3687112|Conor Cummins]]'' | 1986 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | | ''[[:d:Q3973323|Steve Colley]]'' | 1972 | | [[Kione Droghad]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | | ''[[:d:Q4706420|Alan Corkish]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | | ''[[:d:Q4706451|Alan Crowe]]'' | 1940 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[Coadan:AndyT Mugshot.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4761421|Andy Tudor]]'' | 1977 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[Coadan:Prof Angela Little.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q4762488|Angela Little]]'' | 1949 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | | [[Anne Craine]] | 1954 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[Coadan:Christine Collister.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Christine Collister]] | 1961 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[Coadan:Sidecar Thurs Practice IMG 00257.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q5229405|Dave Molyneux]]'' | 1963 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | | ''[[:d:Q5229413|Dave Moore]]'' | 1966 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | | ''[[:d:Q5230767|David Anderson]]'' | 1954 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | | ''[[:d:Q5232661|David Cretney]]'' | 1954 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | | ''[[:d:Q5236864|David Lyon]]'' | 1943 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[Coadan:Davy-knowles.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q5242207|Davy Knowles]]'' | 1987 | | [[Purt le Moirrey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | | ''[[:d:Q5336528|Eddie Teare]]'' | 1948 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | | ''[[:d:Q5337428|Edgar Quine]]'' | 1934 | | [[Andreas, Mannin|Andreas]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | | ''[[:d:Q5522814|Gareth Davies]]'' | 1965 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | | ''[[:d:Q5687920|Hazel Hannan]]'' | 2000 | | [[Purt Soderick]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[Coadan:Roskams jane.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6152688|Jane Roskams]]'' | | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | | ''[[:d:Q6239980|John Houghton]]'' | 2000 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | | [[Juan Turner]] | 1974 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[Coadan:2021-Watterson-Juan-portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6301157|Juan Watterson]]'' | 1980 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | | ''[[:d:Q6397791|Kevin Woodford]]'' | 1950 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[Coadan:Martin Bridson2.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q6775057|Martin Bridson]]'' | 1964 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | | ''[[:d:Q7175096|Peter Karran]]'' | 1960 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[Coadan:Phil Gawne (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Phil Gawne]] | 1965 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | | ''[[:d:Q7612099|Steve Burke]]'' | 1974 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | | [[Tim Kennaugh]] | 1991 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[Coadan:Stoneham Maltais Anthonioz.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Zoe Gillings]] | 1985 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | | [[Cristen Marritt]] | 1989 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | | [[Kimberley Clague]] | 1988 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[Coadan:Robert Corteen Carswell.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Bob Carswell]] | 1950 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | | ''[[:d:Q16206261|Nick Crowe]]'' | 1971 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | | ''[[:d:Q16213489|Araminta de Clermont]]'' | 1971 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[Coadan:Goshen-Routh 16.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q16855481|Arthur Caley]]'' | 1824 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[Coadan:Anna Christian - 2019 Women's Tour of Scotland (stage 3).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Anna Christian]] | 1995 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[Coadan:FIL 2014 - Femmes Gaéliques - Ruth Keggin quartet - 1377.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q19874790|Ruth Keggin]]'' | 1989 | | [[Purt Çhiarn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[Coadan:Kieran Tierney Scotland v Bolivia 6 June 2026-6.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q19888012|Kieran Tierney]]'' | 1997 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | | ''[[:d:Q19956065|Kate Costain]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | | ''[[:d:Q21289363|Kevin Atherton]]'' | 1950 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | | ''[[:d:Q21642675|Tim Kneale]]'' | 1982 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[Coadan:Lillers - Grand Prix de Lillers-Souvenir Bruno Comini, 6 mars 2016 (B052).JPG|center|128px]] | [[Jake Kelly (daawheeylleyder)|Jake Kelly]] | 1995 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[Coadan:Liam Doyle.JPG|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q24005468|Liam Doyle]]'' | 1992 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[Coadan:2021-Skelly-Laurence-portrait.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Laurence Skelly]] | 1961 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | | [[Isla Callister]] | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | | [[Paayl Rogers]] | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | | [[Daniel Quayle]] | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[Coadan:Howard Quayle.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Howard Quayle]] | 1967 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[Coadan:Laura Wasley - 2014 Commonwealth Games (Women's road time trial).jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q26845558|Laura Wasley]]'' | 1984 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[Coadan:Matt Bostock - 2019 Tour Series, Aberdeen (Men's race - team win).jpg|center|128px]] | [[Matthew Bostock]] | 1997 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[Coadan:Brianne West.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q28033898|Brianne West]]'' | 1985 | | [[Purt Çhiarn]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[Coadan:2024 Tour de France Femmes - 2e etappe Lizzie Holden 1.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Lizzie Holden]] | 1997 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | | ''[[:d:Q28378513|Hugh Davidson]]'' | 1935 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | | ''[[:d:Q28792438|Nathan Draper]]'' | 1997 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[Coadan:Sam Brand, 2019 Milan-Sanremo.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q36286044|Sam Brand]]'' | 1991 | | [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | | [[Adam Long (bluckaneyr)|Adam Long]] | 2000 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | | ''[[:d:Q44821053|Alfred Walter Adams]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[Coadan:Dr Eleanor Scott.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q46997927|Eleanor Scott]]'' | 1960 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | | [[Jessica Li]] | 1998 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[Coadan:Sophia Goulden anon died 1910.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q50387964|Sophia Goulden]]'' | 1833 | | [[Skeerey Lonan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | | ''[[:d:Q50676544|Kerry Sharpe]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | | [[Daryl Callister]] | 1989 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | | ''[[:d:Q55409232|Leon Mazzone]]'' | 1996 | | [[Rhumsaa]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | | ''[[:d:Q55900439|Gérard MacQuillan]]'' | 1949 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | | ''[[:d:Q59242725|Clare Faulds]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | | ''[[:d:Q63344804|Colin Callow]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | | ''[[:d:Q64006025|Gary R. Lewin]]'' | 1965 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | | ''[[:d:Q75401195|Margaret Rosamund Moore]]'' | 1871 | | [[Skeerey Vraddan|Skeerey Braddan]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | | ''[[:d:Q75463040|Margaret Moore]]'' | 1735 | | [[Skeerey Maghal]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | | ''[[:d:Q75463064|George Quaile]]'' | 1801 | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | | ''[[:d:Q75463140|Margaret Moore]]'' | | | [[Skeerey Malew]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | | ''[[:d:Q75467601|Margaret Moore]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | | ''[[:d:Q87063021|Tom Mazzone]]'' | 1993 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | [[Coadan:Paul Quine.jpg|center|128px]] | ''[[:d:Q98755074|Paul Quine]]'' | 1969 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | | ''[[:d:Q100740733|Jane Callister]]'' | 1963 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | [[Coadan:Joe Locke en 2022.jpg|center|128px]] | [[Joe Locke (aghteyr)|Joe Locke]] | 2003 | | [[Doolish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | | ''[[:d:Q106808901|Julie Edge]]'' | | | [[Mannin]] |} == Misc == {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! XXX Add 'Image' in Manx here please! XXX ! XXX change to 'Name' in Manx! XXX ! XXX dob XXX ! XXX date of death XXX ! xxx Place of birth xxx |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | | ''[[:d:Q15840011|Peta]]'' | 1963 | 1980 | [[Mannin]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} is9kzae9mrmxe7de4541xgkc4agwc85 0 20987 393283 384820 2026-09-15T12:52:13Z Makenzis 13699 https://fchegelmann.com/fc-hegelmann-ir-mikel-aramburu-erneta-baigia-bendradarbiavima/ 393283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey Fys Fwirran bluckan-coshey | ennym = FC Hegelmann | caslys = | mooadys_caslys = 100px | ennym_lane = Futbolo klubas Hegelmann | farennym = ''fūrinsta'' | bunnit = [[2009]] | ennym_staid = [[Raudondvario stadionas]]<ref>[https://alyga.lt/naujiena/turo-anonsas-hegelmann-varzovus-priims-naujuose-namuose/8775 Turo anonsas: „Hegelmann“ varžovus priims naujuose namuose]</ref> | boayl_staid = [[Raudondvaris]], [[Yn Litaan|Litaan]] | mooadys = 500 | caairliagh = {{brattagh|Lithuania}} Dainius Šumauskas | reireyder = | rheynn = [[TOPLYGA]] | imbagh = 2025 | keim = [[A lyga]], 2oo | gansee = [[hummel]] | barrantee gansee = | ynnydeggey = https://fchegelmann.com/ | roie = FC Hegelmann imbagh 2026 | pattern_la1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_b1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_ra1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_sh1 = _hummelauthentic20w | pattern_so1 = _hummel20w | leftarm1 = FFFFFF | body1 = FFFFFF | rightarm1 = FFFFFF | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = FFFFFF | pattern_la2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_b2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_ra2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_sh2 = _hummelauthentic20tb | pattern_so2 = _hummel20tb | leftarm2 = 0000FF | body2 = 0000FF | rightarm2 = 0000FF | shorts2 = 0000FF | socks2 = 0000FF }} Ta '''Futbolo klubas Hegelmann''' ny '''Hegelmanns''' ny chlub soccer [[Yn Litaan|Litaanagh]] ta cloie ayns [[TOPLYGA]]. Va'n club bunnit 'sy vlein [[2009]]. Ec y traa t'ayn, she [[Andrius Skerla]] y reireyder.<ref>https://alyga.lt/komanda/hegelmann</ref> ==Aundyryn== *'''[[A lyga|Feniaghtys y Litaan]]:''' *'''[[A lyga]]''' **'''5oo ynnyd''' (1): [[A lyga 2021|2021]] *'''[[Cappan Soccer y Litaan|Y Cappan Litaanagh]]''' **'''Cosneyderyn (0):''' *'''[[Ard-Chappan y Litaan]]''' **'''Cosneyderyn (0):''' == Commeeys ayns feniaghtyssyn y Litaan == {| class="wikitable" ! Imbagh ! Div. ! Rheynn ! Ynnyd ! |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2016''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | style="background:#F4DC93;"|'''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFCCCC" style="text-align:center;"| '''10.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html |access-date=2022-01-28 |archive-date=2017-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053020/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu16lyga1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2017''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5f5f5" style="text-align:center;"| '''6.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html |access-date=2022-01-28 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619064227/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu17lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2018''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''3.''' | bgcolor="#FFFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Antra lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#FFFF00" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html |access-date=2022-01-28 |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619070138/http://almis.sritis.lt/ltu18lyga2s.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2019''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''7.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2019.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2020''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | bgcolor="#F4DC93" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Pirma lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2020.html#1lyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2021|2021]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2021.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2022|2022]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''4.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2022.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2023|2023]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#F5F5F5" style="text-align:center;"| '''5.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2023.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2024|2024]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2024.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga 2025|2025]]''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[A lyga]]''' | bgcolor="#BBBBBB" style="text-align:center;"| '''2.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2025.html#alyga</ref> |- | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''2026''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''1.''' | bgcolor="#DDFFDD" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[TOPLYGA]]''' | bgcolor="#" style="text-align:center;"| '''.''' | <ref>http://www.rsssf.com/tablesl/lito2026.html#alyga</ref> |- |} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn|3}} == Kianglaghyn magh == * [https://fchegelmann.com/ FC Hegelmann: Ynnyd oikoil] * [https://toplyga.lt/komanda/hegelmann FC Hegelmann: toplyga.lt] * [https://www.soccerway.com/team/fc-hegelmann/nmpJqEeg/ FC Hegelmann: Soccerway] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/fc-hegelmann-litauen/28798/ Globalsportsarchive] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hegelmann}} [[Ronney:Clubyn soccer 'sy Litaan]] [[Ronney:Clubyn soccer bunnit 'sy vlein 2009]] tvqerhcujjadrjomx5dkfjfp570ckld 0 28054 393304 338406 2026-09-15T23:31:34Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 393304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1485|11|1}} |date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|1548|10|27|1485|11|1}} }} [[Coadan:Goldenlaurel.jpg|80px|right|thumb|''Poeta Laureatus'']] She [[aspick flahoil]] [[Aspick Warmia|Warmia]] as [[Aspick Chełmno]] (Culm) va '''Johannes Dantiscus''' ({{lang-de|Johann(es) von Höfen-Flachsbinder}}; {{lang-pl|Jan Dantyszek}}; 1 Sauin 1485 – 27 Jerrey Fouyir 1548). Ayns enney e hirveishyn diploamagh son ny [[reeghyn Polynnagh]], ta'n enmys "'''Ayr y Diploamys Polynnagh'''" bronnit er. Ta'n seal persoonagh echey, as coip jeh soit ayns Lioarlannyn Ollooscoill Stanford, cur yn ennym ''Ioannes De Curiis, Pruss. Varmien'' er marish armyssyn Katherine Noo, Yacob Noo, as Pheddyr Noo. ==Beashnys== Va Dantiscus ruggit ayns Danzig ([[Gdańsk]]), ayns [[Reeriaght y Pholynn (1385–1569)|Reeriaght y Pholynn]]. She ''von Höfen'' va'n sliennoo echey,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://monika.univ.gda.pl/~literat/autors/dantysz.htm |accessdate=2023-02-15 |archivedate=2008-12-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224121936/http://monika.univ.gda.pl/~literat/autors/dantysz.htm }}</ref> tra va ''Flachsbinder'' ny ennym keirdey echey as eh çheet ass traght [[teaddey (keird)|teaddeydys]] ("kiangleyder lhieen" dy lettyragh) y çhennayr echey. Ghow Johannes y far-ennym Dantiscus son dy haishbyney dy nee [[meanvrastyl|seyraanagh]] Danzig ({{lang-la|Dantiscum}}) v'eh raad va'n ayr echey ny [[imlagh|imleyder]] as ny [[marçhan|varçhan]]. Ghow eh jerrey rish e studeyryssyn ec scoill skeerey ayns [[Grudziądz]] (Graudenz), as hie er oaie jannoo studeyryssyn ayns [[Greifswald]] hoshiaght as, lurg shen, ayns [[Kraków]] raad hooar eh e cheim. Car e studeyryssyn, haink er Dantiscus y jeigeyr dy ve kianglt rish cooyrt reeoil Ree [[Yuan I Albert]] y Pholynn, as ghow eh ayrn ayns turryssyn caggee noi ny [[Yn Impiraght Ottomanagh|Turkee]] as ny [[Yn Voldaav|Moldaavee]]. Feie 30 bleeaney, she diploamagh reeoil as y scrudeyr reeoil v'eh. Ghow Dantiscus ayrn ayns co-chruinnaght [[Veen]] ayns 1515 er çheu Ree [[Sigismund I (ree yn Pholynn)|Sigismund I]]. Ayns Veen, v'eh jeant reejerey liorish yn impir son e hirveishyn as v'eh jeant fer ooasle. Haink er Johannes dy ve ny [[canoanagh (saggyrt)|chanoanagh]], lurg shen ny aspick er Chełmno, as ny s'anmey ny aspick er Warmia. Shimmey daan screeu eh, y chooid smoo 'sy [[Ladjyn]], as eh coontit myr fer jeh ny feeleeyn smoo ard-yindyssagh. Mastey ny h-obbraghyn ren eh, ta e hene-veashnys ''Vita Joannis de Curiis Dantisci'' ("The Life of Johannes of the Danzig Church") coontit ny mast'oc. Chammah's shen, dreill eh freggyrtys gastey rish sleih as undinyssyn ard-ghooagh er feie'n Oarpey chammah as rish e gheiney mooinjerey. Ta thousaneyn jeh ny lettyraghyn echey eddyr 1500 as 1548 foast er mayrn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.obta.uw.edu.pl/obta/dantyszek/korespondencjaang.html |title=OBTA - Pracownia Dantyszka |accessdate=2005-08-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313085621/http://www.obta.uw.edu.pl/obta/dantyszek/korespondencjaang.html |archivedate=2005-03-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Er y chooid smoo, screeu Dantiscus 'sy Ladjyn as 'sy Ghermaanish, agh chur eh failt rish lettyraghyn 'sy Pholynnish as ayns çhengaghyn elley chammah. Hooar eh baase ayns [[Lidzbark Warmiński|Lidzbark]] (Heilsberg) as eh 63 bleeaney d'eash. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150713120938/http://dantiscus.al.uw.edu.pl/ Tashtlann er co-reggyrtys as obbraghyn Dantiscus, 'sy Vaarle as 'sy Pholynnish] * [http://monika.univ.gda.pl/~literat/dantyszk/index.htm Obbraghyn 'sy Ladjyn] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050313085621/http://www.obta.uw.edu.pl/obta/dantyszek/korespondencjaang.html Rolley co-reggyrtee] {{pl jalloo}} * [https://polona.pl/search/?query=Jan_Dantyszek&filters=creator:%22Dantyszek,_Jan_(1485--1548)%22,public:1,hasTextContent:0 Obbraghyn liorish Johannes Dantiscus] 'sy lioarlann vun-earrooagh [[Polona]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dantiscus, Johannes}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1485]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1548]] [[Ronney:Deiney ass Gdańsk]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn 'sy Ladjyn]] [[Ronney:Aspickyn Raueagh Catoleagh 'sy Pholynn]] [[Ronney:Aspickyn Warmia]] [[Ronney:Deiney ass y Phroosh Reeoil]] [[Ronney:Diploamee Cho-unnaneys y Pholynn-Litaan]] [[Ronney:Feeleeyn firryn Polynnagh]] [[Ronney:Feeleeyn firryn Germaanagh]] fxtmf291u24j7p0dxlwae3am9ousopv 14 30647 393337 363405 2026-09-16T02:48:00Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 393337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ronnaghyn rere steat ny thalloo ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat ny thalloo]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat| Baljaghtyn]] 1onwwv1rcv76z5eh97ta0t9pialdhkz 0 32310 393305 346876 2026-09-16T00:23:21Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 393305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | date_ruggyr = {{date_ruggyr|df=y|2001|10|3}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Delhi Noa]], yn Injey }} She ben-aghteyr Injinagh ee '''Priyal Mahajan''' (ruggit ayns [[Delhi Noa]], yn Injey, er 3 Jerrey Fouyir 2001). Ta enney urree er son e paartyn myr Tapur Basu ayns ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (straih hellveeish 2018)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' as Purvi Virendra Pratap Singh ayns ''[[Molkki]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Actress Priyal Mahajan shot for sixteen hours to get a day off for New Year's - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/actress-priyal-mahajan-shot-for-sixteen-hours-to-get-a-day-off-for-new-years/articleshow/80045319.cms |access-date=2021-02-17|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> ==Coorse== Chloie Mahajan er y çhellveeish da'n chied cheayrt ayns 2018 tra chloie ee Tapur Basu 'sy chlaare lesh [[Star Plus]], ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (straih hellveeish 2018)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]''. Ayns 2019, chloie Mahajan Purvi Virendra Pratap Singh 'sy chlaare lesh [[Colors TV]] ''[[Molkki]]'' lesh [[Amar Upadhyay]]. Ayns 2021, chloie ee myr Rhea Pratap Singh 'sy straih voggylagh ''[[Tandav (straih hellveeish)|Tandav]]''. ==Rolley cloiaghyn== ===Çhellveeish=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! Blein !! Enmys !! Paart !! Imraa |- | 2018 | ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (straih hellveeish 2018)|Kasautii Zindagii Kay]]'' | Tapur Basu | |- |2020–2022 |''[[Molkki]]'' | rowspan="2"|Purvi Pratap Singh |<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 Sauin 2020|first=Sagarika|last=Choudhary|title=Priyal Mahajan to romance Amar Upadhyay who is twice her age in upcoming social drama Molkki|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/priyal-mahajan-to-romance-amar-upadhyay-who-is-twice-her-age-in-upcoming-social-drama-molkki/articleshow/79197577.cms|access-date=2021-02-17|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en|archive-date=2023-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909064344/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/priyal-mahajan-to-romance-amar-upadhyay-who-is-twice-her-age-in-upcoming-social-drama-molkki/articleshow/79197577.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Parineetii]]'' | |} ===Straih voggylagh=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! Blein !! Enmys !! Paart !! Imraa |- |2021 |[[Tandav (straih hellveeish)|Tandav]] |Rhea Pratap Singh | |} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahajan, Priyal}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 2001]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Delhi Noa]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Injinagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn straih voggylagh bwoirrin Injinagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn bwoirrin ayns scannaneaght y Hindish]] sd3cqemip6grfcbi4ys0v3nryhab13c 10 33307 393355 334887 2026-09-16T03:40:52Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:lang|xlit}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ost9wt8p3sokdsxueagwfpvklfjd5r7 14 36617 393335 347426 2026-09-16T02:47:23Z MacTire02 219 MacTire02 moved page [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat as thalloo]] to [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat ny thalloo]] without leaving a redirect 347426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat| ]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn politickagh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Reiltys steat ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] 9e4ouhvwzi68por4b20xanr5ogymnzx 10 55826 393309 392879 2026-09-16T00:59:30Z MacTire02 219 MacTire02 moved page [[Clowan:Kishtey fys çheer/noa]] to [[Clowan:Kishtey fys çheer]] without leaving a redirect 392879 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Kishtey fys çheer|main}}</includeonly> rk4zkhojf4vqfembfx2qzlv5eejqmyv 393310 393309 2026-09-16T01:00:02Z MacTire02 219 Protected "[[Clowan:Kishtey fys çheer]]": High traffic page: t'eh ymmydit er ny smoo na 200 duillag ([Reagh=Lhig da reireyderyn ny lomarcan] (indefinite) [Scugh=Lhig da reireyderyn ny lomarcan] (indefinite)) 392879 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Kishtey fys çheer|main}}</includeonly> rk4zkhojf4vqfembfx2qzlv5eejqmyv 828 55827 393291 393275 2026-09-15T16:01:50Z MacTire02 219 +coadyn 393291 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Helper to safely grab template arguments local function getArgs(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() if parent then return parent.args end return frame.args end -- Strips a leading "the "/"The " from an English P1448 name (Wikidata often -- stores "the United States of America"). Only applied to English text -- -- a country whose name genuinely starts with "The" (e.g. The Bahamas, The -- Gambia) should use |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= to override this. local function stripLeadingThe(text, langCode) if langCode == "en" and text:match("^[Tt]he%s+%S") then return text:gsub("^[Tt]he%s+", "", 1) end return text end -- Safely get manual parameters from priority list local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and value ~= "" then local trimmed = value:match("^%s*(.-)%s*$") if trimmed ~= "" then return trimmed end end end return nil end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local rows = {} -- The universal border rule separating your modules local dividerLine = '<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0; height:0px;"></td></tr>' -- Centralized module injection manager local function appendModule(content) if content and content ~= "" then if #rows > 0 then table.insert(rows, dividerLine) end table.insert(rows, content) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 1: HEADER & OFFICIAL NAMES -------------------------------------------------- local title = args["ennym"] or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local subTitle = getManual(args, {"ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh", "ennym_dooghyssagh"}) if not subTitle or subTitle == "" then local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity then local successLang, langData = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Lang/data") if successLang and langData and langData.lang_name_table and langData.lang_name_table.lang then local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P1448") if statements and #statements > 0 then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then local langCode = value.language or "" local langName = langData.lang_name_table.lang[langCode] or langCode local nameText = stripLeadingThe(value.text, langCode) subTitle = nameText .. ' <small>([[' .. langName .. '|' .. langName .. ']])</small>' break end end end end end end end local headerHtml = '<tr class="adr"><th colspan="2" class="fn org country-name" style="line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em 0.4em 0.33em; font-size:1.25em; text-align:center; font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-weight:bold;">' .. title .. '</span>' if subTitle and subTitle ~= "" then headerHtml = headerHtml .. '<div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">' .. subTitle .. '</div>' end headerHtml = headerHtml .. '</th></tr>' table.insert(rows, headerHtml) -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 2: FLAGS & ARMS -------------------------------------------------- local successFlags, flagsMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/bratteeyn") if successFlags and flagsMod and flagsMod.main then appendModule(flagsMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 3: SYMBOLS (MOTTO & ANTHEMS) -------------------------------------------------- local successSymbols, symbolsMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/cowraghyn") if successSymbols and symbolsMod and symbolsMod.main then appendModule(symbolsMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 4: LOCATOR MAPS -------------------------------------------------- -- FIXED: Tries BOTH paths sequentially to guarantee zero-fail execution regardless of your physical page name setup local successMaps, mapsMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/caslyssyn-çheerey") if not successMaps or not mapsMod then successMaps, mapsMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/caslyssyn") end if successMaps and mapsMod and mapsMod.main then appendModule(mapsMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 5: CITIES & CAPITALS -------------------------------------------------- local successCities, citiesMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/balley") if successCities and citiesMod and citiesMod.main then appendModule(citiesMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 6: LANGUAGES -------------------------------------------------- local successLanguages, languagesMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/çhengaghyn") if successLanguages and languagesMod and languagesMod.main then appendModule(languagesMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 7: ETHNIC GROUPS -------------------------------------------------- local successEthnic, ethnicMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/possanyn_kynneeagh") if successEthnic and ethnicMod and ethnicMod.main then appendModule(ethnicMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 8: RELIGION -------------------------------------------------- local successReligion, religionMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/craueeaght") if successReligion and religionMod and religionMod.main then appendModule(religionMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 9: GOVERNMENT & LEADERS -------------------------------------------------- local successGov, govMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/reiltys") if successGov and govMod and govMod.main then appendModule(govMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 10: AREA -------------------------------------------------- local successArea, areaMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/eaghtyr") if successArea and areaMod and areaMod.main then appendModule(areaMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 11: POPULATION -------------------------------------------------- local successPop, popMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/pobble") if successPop and popMod and popMod.main then appendModule(popMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 12: ECONOMIC STATISTICS -------------------------------------------------- local successTarmaynys, tarmaynysMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/tarmaynys") if successTarmaynys and tarmaynysMod and tarmaynysMod.main then appendModule(tarmaynysMod.main(frame, args)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- MODULE 13: COUNTRY CODES & TECHNICAL INFORMATION -------------------------------------------------- local successCoadyn, coadynMod = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/coadyn") if successCoadyn and coadynMod and coadynMod.main then appendModule(coadynMod.main(frame, args)) end if #rows <= 1 then return nil end return '<table class="infobox geography vcard" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em; width:24.15em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:95%;">' .. table.concat(rows) .. '</table>' end return p l62sueiy8rquflccmzksjy26fhbj0us 828 55831 393286 393147 2026-09-15T13:06:16Z MacTire02 219 joaraghyn 393286 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local enmynCheerey = require("Module:Enmyn çheerey") local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getWikidataImage(property) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property) if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "string" then local file = mainsnak.datavalue.value if file and file ~= "" then return file end end end return nil end local NON_RECTANGULAR_FLAGS = { ["Flag of Nepal.svg"] = true, ["Flag of Ohio.svg"] = true, ["Flag of Switzerland.svg"] = true, } local function needsFlagBorder(flagFile) if not flagFile then return true end if NON_RECTANGULAR_FLAGS[flagFile] then return false end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(flagFile), "nepal") then return false end return true end function p.main(frame, args) local flag = getManual(args, {"jalloo_brattagh"}) if flag and mw.ustring.lower(flag) == "none" then flag = nil elseif not flag then flag = getWikidataImage("P41") end local flag2 = getManual(args, {"jalloo_brattagh_2", "jalloo_brattagh_elley"}) if flag2 and mw.ustring.lower(flag2) == "none" then flag2 = nil elseif not flag2 then flag2 = getWikidataImage("P163") end local arms = getManual(args, {"jalloo_armys", "jalloo_cleinney", "jalloo_cowrey"}) if arms and mw.ustring.lower(arms) == "none" then arms = nil elseif not arms then arms = getWikidataImage("P94") end local arms2 = getManual(args, {"jalloo_armys_2", "jalloo_cleinney_2"}) if arms2 and mw.ustring.lower(arms2) == "none" then arms2 = nil elseif not arms2 then arms2 = getWikidataImage("P237") end if not flag and not flag2 and not arms and not arms2 then return nil end local nameRaw = getManual(args, {"ennym_gienneydagh", "ennym", "ennym_çheerey", "ennym_çheer"}) or (mw.title.getCurrentTitle() and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) or "" local name = enmynCheerey.genitive(nameRaw) local data = { flags = {}, armses = {} } if flag then table.insert(data.flags, { image = flag, width = getManual(args, {"lheead_brattagh"}) or "125px", hasBorder = needsFlagBorder(flag), link = "Brattagh " .. name, label = getManual(args, {"fo-heidyl_brattagh"}) or "Brattagh" }) end if flag2 then table.insert(data.flags, { image = flag2, width = getManual(args, {"lheead_brattagh_2", "lheead_brattagh"}) or "100px", hasBorder = needsFlagBorder(flag2), link = "Brattagh " .. name, label = getManual(args, {"fo-heidyl_brattagh_2"}) or "Brattagh elley" }) end if arms then local kind = getManual(args, {"art_sorçh_cowrey", "sorçh_cowrey"}) or "Armys" table.insert(data.armses, { image = arms, width = getManual(args, {"lheead_armys", "lheead_cleinney", "lheead_cowrey"}) or "85px", link = kind .. " " .. name, label = getManual(args, {"sorçh_cowrey"}) or "Armys" }) end if arms2 then table.insert(data.armses, { image = arms2, width = getManual(args, {"lheead_armys_2", "lheead_cleinney_2"}) or "85px", link = "Armys " .. name, label = getManual(args, {"sorçh_cowrey_2"}) or "Armys" }) end local imageCells = {} local captionCells = {} local hasFlags = #data.flags > 0 local hasArms = #data.armses > 0 if hasFlags then local flagContent = {} for _, f in ipairs(data.flags) do -- `|style="..."` is not a real MediaWiki image option -- inline -- image markup has no such parameter, so it was silently -- dropped, which is why no flag (rectangular or not) was -- getting a border at all. `|border` is the real, standard -- image option (adds the classic thin "thumbborder" line) and -- is what actually renders. local border = f.hasBorder and '|border' or "" table.insert(flagContent, '[[Coadan:' .. f.image .. '|' .. f.width .. border .. ']]') end table.insert(imageCells, '<td align="center" style="' .. (hasArms and "width:58%; " or "width:100%; ") .. 'vertical-align:middle;">' .. table.concat(flagContent, '<br/>') .. '</td>') -- Plain size, matching every other label in the infobox (this used -- to be wrapped in <small>, which on top of the outer table's own -- font-size:95% made "Brattagh"/"Armys" noticeably smaller than -- everything else). local flagCaptions = {} for _, f in ipairs(data.flags) do table.insert(flagCaptions, '[[' .. f.link .. '|' .. f.label .. ']]') end table.insert(captionCells, '<td align="center">' .. table.concat(flagCaptions, '<br/>') .. '</td>') end if hasArms then local armsContent = {} for _, a in ipairs(data.armses) do table.insert(armsContent, '[[Coadan:' .. a.image .. '|' .. a.width .. ']]') end table.insert(imageCells, '<td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;">' .. table.concat(armsContent, '<br/>') .. '</td>') local armsCaptions = {} for _, a in ipairs(data.armses) do table.insert(armsCaptions, '[[' .. a.link .. '|' .. a.label .. ']]') end table.insert(captionCells, '<td align="center">' .. table.concat(armsCaptions, '<br/>') .. '</td>') end return '<tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding:0.5em 0.4em;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tr>' .. table.concat(imageCells) .. '</tr><tr>' .. table.concat(captionCells) .. '</tr></table></td></tr>' end return p mp8on3l98b5d54h6igpm4hreidu8g01 828 55832 393285 393168 2026-09-15T13:04:01Z MacTire02 219 joarey, jaroo-raa, lipaid kiartit 393285 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual citation in <ref>...</ref>, unless it's already fully -- <ref>-tagged (Scribunto expands a literal <ref> in a parameter into an -- opaque \127UNIQ...QINU\127 strip marker before this module sees it, so we -- strip those out and check what's left -- nothing left means it was -- already tag(s), pass through unchanged; real text left over -- e.g. a -- bare {{cite web}} call whose own <templatestyles/> leaves an incidental -- marker -- means it still needs wrapping). local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end local function getMottoData(args) local motto = getManual(args, {"jarroo-raa_ashoonagh", "jarroo_raa", "jarroo-raa"}) local reference = getManual(args, {"imraa_jarroo_raa", "imraa_jarroo-raa"}) local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_jarroo-raa", "chyndaa_jarroo-raa", "çhyndaa_jarroo_raa", "chyndaa_jarroo_raa"}) local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo-raa", "tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo_raa"}) local finalText = nil if motto and mw.ustring.lower(motto) ~= "none" then finalText = motto else local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity then local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P1451") if statements and #statements > 0 then -- FIXED: Safely loops through statements array elements instead of tracking a nil mainsnak index for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then finalText = value.text break end end end end end end local finalRef = wrapReference(reference) if finalText then return { text = finalText, reference = finalRef, chyndaa = chyndaa, tessenLettyraghey = tessen } end return nil end -- Given a property holding an item value (e.g. P85 = anthem), resolve the -- linked item to a page title: prefer the local (gv) sitelink so the link -- isn't red, falling back to the item's label if no gv article exists yet. -- Returns both the title and the item's own ID (needed to query further -- properties, e.g. an audio file, on that item rather than the country's). local function getWikidataItemInfo(property) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property) if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local mainsnak = statements[1].mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid") then return nil end local value = mainsnak.datavalue.value local id = value.id or ("Q" .. tostring(value["numeric-id"])) local title = mw.wikibase.sitelink(id) if not title or title == "" then title = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, "gv") or mw.wikibase.label(id) end if not title or title == "" then return nil end return { id = id, title = title } end -- Given a Wikidata item ID, return its P51 (audio) file name, if any. local function getWikidataAudioFile(id) if not id then return nil end local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(id) if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P51") if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local mainsnak = statements[1].mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "string") then return nil end local file = mainsnak.datavalue.value if file and file ~= "" then return file end return nil end -- Codepoint ranges treated as "Latin or script-neutral" for italicisation -- purposes: Basic Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A/B, IPA -- Extensions, combining diacritics, Latin Extended Additional, and general -- punctuation (smart quotes, dashes, etc., which carry no script of their -- own). Anything outside these ranges (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, -- CJK, Devanagari, ...) is a non-Latin script and must not be italicised -- per MOS:FOREIGNITALIC - italic forms don't meaningfully exist for most -- non-Latin scripts. local function isLatinOrNeutral(cp) if cp < 0x80 then return true end if cp <= 0x02AF then return true end if cp >= 0x0300 and cp <= 0x036F then return true end if cp >= 0x1E00 and cp <= 0x1EFF then return true end if cp >= 0x2000 and cp <= 0x206F then return true end return false end local function isNonLatinScript(text) if not text or text == "" then return false end local length = mw.ustring.len(text) if not length or length == 0 then return false end local codepoints = { mw.ustring.codepoint(text, 1, length) } for _, cp in ipairs(codepoints) do if not isLatinOrNeutral(cp) then return true end end return false end function p.main(frame, args) local motto = getMottoData(args) local rows = {} if motto then -- UTF-8-SAFE quote-stripping: plain Lua `:gsub` operates on raw -- BYTES, and "“"/"”" are 3-byte UTF-8 sequences (E2 80 9C / E2 80 -- 9D) -- as a character class, that byte-wise gsub would match ANY -- of those individual bytes anywhere they occur, not the 3-byte -- sequence as a whole. Devanagari (and many other non-Latin -- scripts) routinely ends a character on a continuation byte of -- 0x80 -- which is EXACTLY one of the raw bytes "”" is made of -- -- so a plain `:gsub('["”]$', '')` could silently truncate the -- LAST BYTE of an unrelated non-Latin character, corrupting it -- into invalid UTF-8. That corruption is what made isNonLatinScript -- misfire below: mw.ustring.len on the now-malformed string falls -- back to treating it as unreadable and returns early, which this -- module's "can't tell, so don't italicise" default then inverts -- into "wrap it in italics" -- exactly the reported bug. Routed -- through mw.ustring.gsub (codepoint-aware, not byte-aware) fixes -- this for every script, not just Devanagari. local baseText = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(motto.text), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') -- Italicised purely by script (MOS:FOREIGNITALIC) -- whether the -- text happens to also be a wikilink is irrelevant; ''[[x|y]]'' -- renders as an italicised link exactly as intended. if not isNonLatinScript(baseText) then baseText = "''" .. baseText .. "''" end local mottoNote = getManual(args, {"noteyn_jarroo-raa", "noteyn_jarroo_raa"}) if mottoNote and mottoNote ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { mottoNote } } end if motto.reference then baseText = baseText .. motto.reference end -- A transliteration is by definition always Latin-script (that's -- what transliterating INTO means), so it never takes the italics -- treatment above -- it goes in quotation marks instead, per your -- rule: non-Latin text is never italicised, and a transliteration -- (where given) comes through in quotes. if motto.tessenLettyraghey and motto.tessenLettyraghey ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " (“" .. motto.tessenLettyraghey .. "”)" end if motto.chyndaa and motto.chyndaa ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " <br/><small>“" .. motto.chyndaa .. "”</small>" end table.insert(rows, "'''[[Jarroo-raa]]:&nbsp;'''" .. baseText) end -- wikidataProperty is optional: pass a property (e.g. "P85") to fall -- back to Wikidata when no manual parameter is set for this anthem slot. local function formatAnthem(label, key, wikidataProperty) local title = getManual(args, {key}) local wikidataInfo = nil if (not title or mw.ustring.lower(title) == "none") and wikidataProperty then wikidataInfo = getWikidataItemInfo(wikidataProperty) if wikidataInfo then title = wikidataInfo.title end end if not title or mw.ustring.lower(title) == "none" then return end -- Same UTF-8-safe quote-stripping as the motto above (see its -- comment) -- an anthem title in a non-Latin script is just as -- exposed to the same byte-level corruption. local clean = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(title), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') if not mw.ustring.find(clean, "%[%[") then clean = '[[' .. clean .. '|' .. clean .. ']]' end local display = '“' .. clean .. '”' local note = getManual(args, {"noteyn_" .. key}) if note and note ~= "" then display = display .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end local ref = getManual(args, {"imraa_" .. key}) if ref then display = display .. wrapReference(ref) end local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_" .. key}) -- A transliteration is always Latin-script by definition -- quotes, -- never italics, same rule as the motto's own transliteration above. if tessen and tessen ~= "" then display = display .. " (“" .. tessen .. "”)" end local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_" .. key, "chyndaa_" .. key}) if chyndaa and chyndaa ~= "" then display = display .. " <br/><small>“" .. chyndaa .. "”</small>" end local audio = getManual(args, {"coadan_" .. key}) if (not audio or audio == "") and wikidataInfo then audio = getWikidataAudioFile(wikidataInfo.id) end if audio and audio ~= "" then display = display .. '<br/><div style="text-align:center; margin-top:0.3em;">[[Coadan:' .. audio .. '|center]]</div>' end table.insert(rows, "'''" .. label .. ":&nbsp;'''" .. display) end formatAnthem("[[Arrane ashoonagh]]", "arrane_ashoonagh", "P85") formatAnthem("Anthym", "arrane") formatAnthem("[[Arrane reeoil]]", "arrane_reeoil") if #rows == 0 then return nil end return '<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;">' .. table.concat(rows, "<br/>") .. '</td></tr>' end return p tvm3zi7k6xsnj3mnkoj59pbh9sax7x9 393287 393285 2026-09-15T13:13:08Z MacTire02 219 +sonreeaghtyn da arraneyn ashoonagh my vees yn arrane goll er rheynn magh eddyr ram cheeraghyn, lheid as God Save the King as eh er ny rheynn magh eddyr yn RU, y Chanadey, a.r.e. 393287 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual citation in <ref>...</ref>, unless it's already fully -- <ref>-tagged (Scribunto expands a literal <ref> in a parameter into an -- opaque \127UNIQ...QINU\127 strip marker before this module sees it, so we -- strip those out and check what's left -- nothing left means it was -- already tag(s), pass through unchanged; real text left over -- e.g. a -- bare {{cite web}} call whose own <templatestyles/> leaves an incidental -- marker -- means it still needs wrapping). local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end local function getMottoData(args) local motto = getManual(args, {"jarroo-raa_ashoonagh", "jarroo_raa", "jarroo-raa"}) local reference = getManual(args, {"imraa_jarroo_raa", "imraa_jarroo-raa"}) local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_jarroo-raa", "chyndaa_jarroo-raa", "çhyndaa_jarroo_raa", "chyndaa_jarroo_raa"}) local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo-raa", "tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo_raa"}) local finalText = nil if motto and mw.ustring.lower(motto) ~= "none" then finalText = motto else local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity then local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P1451") if statements and #statements > 0 then -- FIXED: Safely loops through statements array elements instead of tracking a nil mainsnak index for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then finalText = value.text break end end end end end end local finalRef = wrapReference(reference) if finalText then return { text = finalText, reference = finalRef, chyndaa = chyndaa, tessenLettyraghey = tessen } end return nil end -- Given a property holding an item value (e.g. P85 = anthem), resolve the -- linked item to a page title: prefer the local (gv) sitelink so the link -- isn't red, falling back to the item's label if no gv article exists yet. -- Returns the title, the item's own ID (needed to query further -- properties, e.g. an audio file, on that item rather than the country's), -- and -- confirmed directly on Wikidata (screenshotted) for "God Save the -- King" -- any P51 (audio) QUALIFIER attached to THIS SAME statement. -- An anthem shared by several countries/realms has no single canonical -- recording of its own, so its audio is often attached per-COUNTRY as a -- qualifier on that country's own claim, rather than as a standalone P51 -- statement on the anthem item itself (which is instead how a country- -- specific anthem like Nepal's tends to carry its one, unambiguous -- recording). Both shapes are real; this reads whichever this statement -- actually has. local function getWikidataItemInfo(property) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property) if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local statement = statements[1] local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid") then return nil end local value = mainsnak.datavalue.value local id = value.id or ("Q" .. tostring(value["numeric-id"])) local title = mw.wikibase.sitelink(id) if not title or title == "" then title = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, "gv") or mw.wikibase.label(id) end if not title or title == "" then return nil end local audioQuals = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P51 local audioSnak = audioQuals and audioQuals[1] local qualifierAudio = audioSnak and audioSnak.snaktype == "value" and audioSnak.datavalue and audioSnak.datavalue.type == "string" and audioSnak.datavalue.value if qualifierAudio == "" then qualifierAudio = nil end return { id = id, title = title, qualifierAudio = qualifierAudio } end -- Given a Wikidata item ID, return its OWN P51 (audio) file name, if any -- -- a standalone statement on that item's own page, as opposed to the -- per-country qualifier `getWikidataItemInfo` above already checks first. local function getWikidataAudioFile(id) if not id then return nil end local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(id) if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P51") if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local mainsnak = statements[1].mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "string") then return nil end local file = mainsnak.datavalue.value if file and file ~= "" then return file end return nil end -- Codepoint ranges treated as "Latin or script-neutral" for italicisation -- purposes: Basic Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A/B, IPA -- Extensions, combining diacritics, Latin Extended Additional, and general -- punctuation (smart quotes, dashes, etc., which carry no script of their -- own). Anything outside these ranges (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, -- CJK, Devanagari, ...) is a non-Latin script and must not be italicised -- per MOS:FOREIGNITALIC - italic forms don't meaningfully exist for most -- non-Latin scripts. local function isLatinOrNeutral(cp) if cp < 0x80 then return true end if cp <= 0x02AF then return true end if cp >= 0x0300 and cp <= 0x036F then return true end if cp >= 0x1E00 and cp <= 0x1EFF then return true end if cp >= 0x2000 and cp <= 0x206F then return true end return false end local function isNonLatinScript(text) if not text or text == "" then return false end local length = mw.ustring.len(text) if not length or length == 0 then return false end local codepoints = { mw.ustring.codepoint(text, 1, length) } for _, cp in ipairs(codepoints) do if not isLatinOrNeutral(cp) then return true end end return false end function p.main(frame, args) local motto = getMottoData(args) local rows = {} if motto then -- UTF-8-SAFE quote-stripping: plain Lua `:gsub` operates on raw -- BYTES, and "“"/"”" are 3-byte UTF-8 sequences (E2 80 9C / E2 80 -- 9D) -- as a character class, that byte-wise gsub would match ANY -- of those individual bytes anywhere they occur, not the 3-byte -- sequence as a whole. Devanagari (and many other non-Latin -- scripts) routinely ends a character on a continuation byte of -- 0x80 -- which is EXACTLY one of the raw bytes "”" is made of -- -- so a plain `:gsub('["”]$', '')` could silently truncate the -- LAST BYTE of an unrelated non-Latin character, corrupting it -- into invalid UTF-8. That corruption is what made isNonLatinScript -- misfire below: mw.ustring.len on the now-malformed string falls -- back to treating it as unreadable and returns early, which this -- module's "can't tell, so don't italicise" default then inverts -- into "wrap it in italics" -- exactly the reported bug. Routed -- through mw.ustring.gsub (codepoint-aware, not byte-aware) fixes -- this for every script, not just Devanagari. local baseText = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(motto.text), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') -- Italicised purely by script (MOS:FOREIGNITALIC) -- whether the -- text happens to also be a wikilink is irrelevant; ''[[x|y]]'' -- renders as an italicised link exactly as intended. if not isNonLatinScript(baseText) then baseText = "''" .. baseText .. "''" end local mottoNote = getManual(args, {"noteyn_jarroo-raa", "noteyn_jarroo_raa"}) if mottoNote and mottoNote ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { mottoNote } } end if motto.reference then baseText = baseText .. motto.reference end -- A transliteration is by definition always Latin-script (that's -- what transliterating INTO means), so it never takes the italics -- treatment above -- it goes in quotation marks instead, per your -- rule: non-Latin text is never italicised, and a transliteration -- (where given) comes through in quotes. if motto.tessenLettyraghey and motto.tessenLettyraghey ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " (“" .. motto.tessenLettyraghey .. "”)" end if motto.chyndaa and motto.chyndaa ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " <br/><small>“" .. motto.chyndaa .. "”</small>" end table.insert(rows, "'''[[Jarroo-raa]]:&nbsp;'''" .. baseText) end -- wikidataProperty is optional: pass a property (e.g. "P85") to fall -- back to Wikidata when no manual parameter is set for this anthem slot. local function formatAnthem(label, key, wikidataProperty) local title = getManual(args, {key}) local wikidataInfo = nil if (not title or mw.ustring.lower(title) == "none") and wikidataProperty then wikidataInfo = getWikidataItemInfo(wikidataProperty) if wikidataInfo then title = wikidataInfo.title end end if not title or mw.ustring.lower(title) == "none" then return end -- Same UTF-8-safe quote-stripping as the motto above (see its -- comment) -- an anthem title in a non-Latin script is just as -- exposed to the same byte-level corruption. local clean = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(title), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') if not mw.ustring.find(clean, "%[%[") then clean = '[[' .. clean .. '|' .. clean .. ']]' end local display = '“' .. clean .. '”' local note = getManual(args, {"noteyn_" .. key}) if note and note ~= "" then display = display .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end local ref = getManual(args, {"imraa_" .. key}) if ref then display = display .. wrapReference(ref) end local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_" .. key}) -- A transliteration is always Latin-script by definition -- quotes, -- never italics, same rule as the motto's own transliteration above. if tessen and tessen ~= "" then display = display .. " (“" .. tessen .. "”)" end local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_" .. key, "chyndaa_" .. key}) if chyndaa and chyndaa ~= "" then display = display .. " <br/><small>“" .. chyndaa .. "”</small>" end local audio = getManual(args, {"coadan_" .. key}) if (not audio or audio == "") and wikidataInfo then -- Prefer a per-country qualifier on THIS SAME statement -- (confirmed on Wikidata for a shared anthem like "God Save -- the King", which has no single canonical recording of its -- own) over the anthem item's own standalone P51 statement -- (how a country-specific anthem like Nepal's tends to be -- modelled instead) -- either shape now resolves. audio = wikidataInfo.qualifierAudio or getWikidataAudioFile(wikidataInfo.id) end if audio and audio ~= "" then display = display .. '<br/><div style="text-align:center; margin-top:0.3em;">[[Coadan:' .. audio .. '|center]]</div>' end table.insert(rows, "'''" .. label .. ":&nbsp;'''" .. display) end formatAnthem("[[Arrane ashoonagh]]", "arrane_ashoonagh", "P85") formatAnthem("Anthym", "arrane") formatAnthem("[[Arrane reeoil]]", "arrane_reeoil") if #rows == 0 then return nil end return '<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;">' .. table.concat(rows, "<br/>") .. '</td></tr>' end return p 5ixqm83tnt9u5inu5wcukqfldaytg3y 393354 393287 2026-09-16T03:40:07Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393354 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual citation in <ref>...</ref>, unless it's already fully -- <ref>-tagged (Scribunto expands a literal <ref> in a parameter into an -- opaque \127UNIQ...QINU\127 strip marker before this module sees it, so we -- strip those out and check what's left -- nothing left means it was -- already tag(s), pass through unchanged; real text left over -- e.g. a -- bare {{cite web}} call whose own <templatestyles/> leaves an incidental -- marker -- means it still needs wrapping). local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end local function getMottoData(args) local motto = getManual(args, {"jarroo-raa_ashoonagh", "jarroo_raa", "jarroo-raa"}) local reference = getManual(args, {"imraa_jarroo_raa", "imraa_jarroo-raa"}) local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_jarroo-raa", "chyndaa_jarroo-raa", "çhyndaa_jarroo_raa", "chyndaa_jarroo_raa"}) local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo-raa", "tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo_raa"}) local finalText = nil if motto and mw.ustring.lower(motto) ~= "none" then finalText = motto else local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity then local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P1451") if statements and #statements > 0 then -- FIXED: Safely loops through statements array elements instead of tracking a nil mainsnak index for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then finalText = value.text break end end end end end end local finalRef = wrapReference(reference) if finalText then return { text = finalText, reference = finalRef, chyndaa = chyndaa, tessenLettyraghey = tessen } end return nil end -- Given a property holding an item value (e.g. P85 = anthem), resolve the -- linked item to a page title: prefer the local (gv) sitelink so the link -- isn't red, falling back to the item's label if no gv article exists yet. -- Returns the title, the item's own ID (needed to query further -- properties, e.g. an audio file, on that item rather than the country's), -- and -- confirmed directly on Wikidata (screenshotted) for "God Save the -- King" -- any P51 (audio) QUALIFIER attached to THIS SAME statement. -- An anthem shared by several countries/realms has no single canonical -- recording of its own, so its audio is often attached per-COUNTRY as a -- qualifier on that country's own claim, rather than as a standalone P51 -- statement on the anthem item itself (which is instead how a country- -- specific anthem like Nepal's tends to carry its one, unambiguous -- recording). Both shapes are real; this reads whichever this statement -- actually has. local function getWikidataItemInfo(property) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property) if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local statement = statements[1] local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid") then return nil end local value = mainsnak.datavalue.value local id = value.id or ("Q" .. tostring(value["numeric-id"])) local title = mw.wikibase.sitelink(id) if not title or title == "" then title = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, "gv") or mw.wikibase.label(id) end if not title or title == "" then return nil end local audioQuals = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P51 local audioSnak = audioQuals and audioQuals[1] local qualifierAudio = audioSnak and audioSnak.snaktype == "value" and audioSnak.datavalue and audioSnak.datavalue.type == "string" and audioSnak.datavalue.value if qualifierAudio == "" then qualifierAudio = nil end return { id = id, title = title, qualifierAudio = qualifierAudio } end -- Given a Wikidata item ID, return its OWN P51 (audio) file name, if any -- -- a standalone statement on that item's own page, as opposed to the -- per-country qualifier `getWikidataItemInfo` above already checks first. local function getWikidataAudioFile(id) if not id then return nil end local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(id) if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P51") if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local mainsnak = statements[1].mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "string") then return nil end local file = mainsnak.datavalue.value if file and file ~= "" then return file end return nil end -- Codepoint ranges treated as "Latin or script-neutral" for italicisation -- purposes: Basic Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A/B, IPA -- Extensions, combining diacritics, Latin Extended Additional, and general -- punctuation (smart quotes, dashes, etc., which carry no script of their -- own). Anything outside these ranges (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, -- CJK, Devanagari, ...) is a non-Latin script and must not be italicised -- per MOS:FOREIGNITALIC - italic forms don't meaningfully exist for most -- non-Latin scripts. local function isLatinOrNeutral(cp) if cp < 0x80 then return true end if cp <= 0x02AF then return true end if cp >= 0x0300 and cp <= 0x036F then return true end if cp >= 0x1E00 and cp <= 0x1EFF then return true end if cp >= 0x2000 and cp <= 0x206F then return true end return false end local function isNonLatinScript(text) if not text or text == "" then return false end local length = mw.ustring.len(text) if not length or length == 0 then return false end local codepoints = { mw.ustring.codepoint(text, 1, length) } for _, cp in ipairs(codepoints) do if not isLatinOrNeutral(cp) then return true end end return false end function p.main(frame, args) local motto = getMottoData(args) local rows = {} if motto then -- UTF-8-SAFE quote-stripping: plain Lua `:gsub` operates on raw -- BYTES, and "“"/"”" are 3-byte UTF-8 sequences (E2 80 9C / E2 80 -- 9D) -- as a character class, that byte-wise gsub would match ANY -- of those individual bytes anywhere they occur, not the 3-byte -- sequence as a whole. Devanagari (and many other non-Latin -- scripts) routinely ends a character on a continuation byte of -- 0x80 -- which is EXACTLY one of the raw bytes "”" is made of -- -- so a plain `:gsub('["”]$', '')` could silently truncate the -- LAST BYTE of an unrelated non-Latin character, corrupting it -- into invalid UTF-8. That corruption is what made isNonLatinScript -- misfire below: mw.ustring.len on the now-malformed string falls -- back to treating it as unreadable and returns early, which this -- module's "can't tell, so don't italicise" default then inverts -- into "wrap it in italics" -- exactly the reported bug. Routed -- through mw.ustring.gsub (codepoint-aware, not byte-aware) fixes -- this for every script, not just Devanagari. local baseText = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(motto.text), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') -- Italicised purely by script (MOS:FOREIGNITALIC) -- whether the -- text happens to also be a wikilink is irrelevant; ''[[x|y]]'' -- renders as an italicised link exactly as intended. if not isNonLatinScript(baseText) then baseText = "''" .. baseText .. "''" end local mottoNote = getManual(args, {"noteyn_jarroo-raa", "noteyn_jarroo_raa"}) if mottoNote and mottoNote ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { mottoNote } } end if motto.reference then baseText = baseText .. motto.reference end -- A transliteration is by definition always Latin-script (that's -- what transliterating INTO means), so it never takes the italics -- treatment above -- it goes in quotation marks instead, per your -- rule: non-Latin text is never italicised, and a transliteration -- (where given) comes through in quotes. if motto.tessenLettyraghey and motto.tessenLettyraghey ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " <br/>(“" .. motto.tessenLettyraghey .. "”)" end if motto.chyndaa and motto.chyndaa ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " <br/><small>“" .. motto.chyndaa .. "”</small>" end table.insert(rows, "'''[[Jarroo-raa]]:&nbsp;'''" .. baseText) end -- wikidataProperty is optional: pass a property (e.g. "P85") to fall -- back to Wikidata when no manual parameter is set for this anthem slot. local function formatAnthem(label, key, wikidataProperty) local title = getManual(args, {key}) local wikidataInfo = nil if (not title or mw.ustring.lower(title) == "none") and wikidataProperty then wikidataInfo = getWikidataItemInfo(wikidataProperty) if wikidataInfo then title = wikidataInfo.title end end if not title or mw.ustring.lower(title) == "none" then return end -- Same UTF-8-safe quote-stripping as the motto above (see its -- comment) -- an anthem title in a non-Latin script is just as -- exposed to the same byte-level corruption. local clean = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(title), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') if not mw.ustring.find(clean, "%[%[") then clean = '[[' .. clean .. '|' .. clean .. ']]' end local display = '“' .. clean .. '”' local note = getManual(args, {"noteyn_" .. key}) if note and note ~= "" then display = display .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end local ref = getManual(args, {"imraa_" .. key}) if ref then display = display .. wrapReference(ref) end local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_" .. key}) -- A transliteration is always Latin-script by definition -- quotes, -- never italics, same rule as the motto's own transliteration above. if tessen and tessen ~= "" then display = display .. " <br/>(“" .. tessen .. "”)" end local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_" .. key, "chyndaa_" .. key}) if chyndaa and chyndaa ~= "" then display = display .. " <br/><small>“" .. chyndaa .. "”</small>" end local audio = getManual(args, {"coadan_" .. key}) if (not audio or audio == "") and wikidataInfo then -- Prefer a per-country qualifier on THIS SAME statement -- (confirmed on Wikidata for a shared anthem like "God Save -- the King", which has no single canonical recording of its -- own) over the anthem item's own standalone P51 statement -- (how a country-specific anthem like Nepal's tends to be -- modelled instead) -- either shape now resolves. audio = wikidataInfo.qualifierAudio or getWikidataAudioFile(wikidataInfo.id) end if audio and audio ~= "" then display = display .. '<br/><div style="text-align:center; margin-top:0.3em;">[[Coadan:' .. audio .. '|center]]</div>' end table.insert(rows, "'''" .. label .. ":&nbsp;'''" .. display) end formatAnthem("[[Arrane ashoonagh]]", "arrane_ashoonagh", "P85") formatAnthem("Anthym", "arrane") formatAnthem("[[Arrane reeoil]]", "arrane_reeoil") if #rows == 0 then return nil end return '<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;">' .. table.concat(rows, "<br/>") .. '</td></tr>' end return p n19nh2l1mqmwkqwamlixt1f0qsont66 393356 393354 2026-09-16T03:47:51Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393356 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual citation in <ref>...</ref>, unless it's already fully -- <ref>-tagged (Scribunto expands a literal <ref> in a parameter into an -- opaque \127UNIQ...QINU\127 strip marker before this module sees it, so we -- strip those out and check what's left -- nothing left means it was -- already tag(s), pass through unchanged; real text left over -- e.g. a -- bare {{cite web}} call whose own <templatestyles/> leaves an incidental -- marker -- means it still needs wrapping). local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end local function getMottoData(args) local motto = getManual(args, {"jarroo-raa_ashoonagh", "jarroo_raa", "jarroo-raa"}) -- FIXED: |jarroo-raa=none must suppress the motto ENTIRELY -- manual -- text AND the Wikidata fallback -- not just skip the manual text and -- fall through to Wikidata anyway. This is the manual-override safety -- valve for bad Wikidata data (e.g. Slovakia's P1451 "motto" is -- actually just a tourism slogan, not a real motto; Russia's is -- likewise a tourism slogan, "Reveal your own Russia"), so it has to -- actually suppress, not just get skipped in favour of the same bad -- data. Previously this branch was never reached: `not "none" then -- finalText = motto` was false for "none", so it fell into the `else` -- and queried Wikidata anyway, silently reinstating the exact value -- the editor was trying to override. if motto and mw.ustring.lower(motto) == "none" then return nil end local reference = getManual(args, {"imraa_jarroo_raa", "imraa_jarroo-raa"}) local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_jarroo-raa", "chyndaa_jarroo-raa", "çhyndaa_jarroo_raa", "chyndaa_jarroo_raa"}) local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo-raa", "tessen-lettyraghey_jarroo_raa"}) local finalText = nil if motto then finalText = motto else local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity then local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P1451") if statements and #statements > 0 then -- FIXED: Safely loops through statements array elements instead of tracking a nil mainsnak index for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then finalText = value.text break end end end end end end local finalRef = wrapReference(reference) if finalText then return { text = finalText, reference = finalRef, chyndaa = chyndaa, tessenLettyraghey = tessen } end return nil end -- Given a property holding an item value (e.g. P85 = anthem), resolve the -- linked item to a page title: prefer the local (gv) sitelink so the link -- isn't red, falling back to the item's label if no gv article exists yet. -- Returns the title, the item's own ID (needed to query further -- properties, e.g. an audio file, on that item rather than the country's), -- and -- confirmed directly on Wikidata (screenshotted) for "God Save the -- King" -- any P51 (audio) QUALIFIER attached to THIS SAME statement. -- An anthem shared by several countries/realms has no single canonical -- recording of its own, so its audio is often attached per-COUNTRY as a -- qualifier on that country's own claim, rather than as a standalone P51 -- statement on the anthem item itself (which is instead how a country- -- specific anthem like Nepal's tends to carry its one, unambiguous -- recording). Both shapes are real; this reads whichever this statement -- actually has. local function getWikidataItemInfo(property) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements(property) if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local statement = statements[1] local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "wikibase-entityid") then return nil end local value = mainsnak.datavalue.value local id = value.id or ("Q" .. tostring(value["numeric-id"])) local title = mw.wikibase.sitelink(id) if not title or title == "" then title = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, "gv") or mw.wikibase.label(id) end if not title or title == "" then return nil end local audioQuals = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P51 local audioSnak = audioQuals and audioQuals[1] local qualifierAudio = audioSnak and audioSnak.snaktype == "value" and audioSnak.datavalue and audioSnak.datavalue.type == "string" and audioSnak.datavalue.value if qualifierAudio == "" then qualifierAudio = nil end return { id = id, title = title, qualifierAudio = qualifierAudio } end -- Given a Wikidata item ID, return its OWN P51 (audio) file name, if any -- -- a standalone statement on that item's own page, as opposed to the -- per-country qualifier `getWikidataItemInfo` above already checks first. local function getWikidataAudioFile(id) if not id then return nil end local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject(id) if not entity then return nil end local statements = entity:getBestStatements("P51") if not statements or #statements == 0 then return nil end local mainsnak = statements[1].mainsnak if not (mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "string") then return nil end local file = mainsnak.datavalue.value if file and file ~= "" then return file end return nil end -- Codepoint ranges treated as "Latin or script-neutral" for italicisation -- purposes: Basic Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A/B, IPA -- Extensions, combining diacritics, Latin Extended Additional, and general -- punctuation (smart quotes, dashes, etc., which carry no script of their -- own). Anything outside these ranges (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, -- CJK, Devanagari, ...) is a non-Latin script and must not be italicised -- per MOS:FOREIGNITALIC - italic forms don't meaningfully exist for most -- non-Latin scripts. local function isLatinOrNeutral(cp) if cp < 0x80 then return true end if cp <= 0x02AF then return true end if cp >= 0x0300 and cp <= 0x036F then return true end if cp >= 0x1E00 and cp <= 0x1EFF then return true end if cp >= 0x2000 and cp <= 0x206F then return true end return false end local function isNonLatinScript(text) if not text or text == "" then return false end local length = mw.ustring.len(text) if not length or length == 0 then return false end local codepoints = { mw.ustring.codepoint(text, 1, length) } for _, cp in ipairs(codepoints) do if not isLatinOrNeutral(cp) then return true end end return false end function p.main(frame, args) local motto = getMottoData(args) local rows = {} if motto then -- UTF-8-SAFE quote-stripping: plain Lua `:gsub` operates on raw -- BYTES, and "“"/"”" are 3-byte UTF-8 sequences (E2 80 9C / E2 80 -- 9D) -- as a character class, that byte-wise gsub would match ANY -- of those individual bytes anywhere they occur, not the 3-byte -- sequence as a whole. Devanagari (and many other non-Latin -- scripts) routinely ends a character on a continuation byte of -- 0x80 -- which is EXACTLY one of the raw bytes "”" is made of -- -- so a plain `:gsub('["”]$', '')` could silently truncate the -- LAST BYTE of an unrelated non-Latin character, corrupting it -- into invalid UTF-8. That corruption is what made isNonLatinScript -- misfire below: mw.ustring.len on the now-malformed string falls -- back to treating it as unreadable and returns early, which this -- module's "can't tell, so don't italicise" default then inverts -- into "wrap it in italics" -- exactly the reported bug. Routed -- through mw.ustring.gsub (codepoint-aware, not byte-aware) fixes -- this for every script, not just Devanagari. local baseText = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(motto.text), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') -- Italicised purely by script (MOS:FOREIGNITALIC) -- whether the -- text happens to also be a wikilink is irrelevant; ''[[x|y]]'' -- renders as an italicised link exactly as intended. if not isNonLatinScript(baseText) then baseText = "''" .. baseText .. "''" end local mottoNote = getManual(args, {"noteyn_jarroo-raa", "noteyn_jarroo_raa"}) if mottoNote and mottoNote ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { mottoNote } } end if motto.reference then baseText = baseText .. motto.reference end -- A transliteration is by definition always Latin-script (that's -- what transliterating INTO means), so it never takes the italics -- treatment above -- it goes in quotation marks instead, per your -- rule: non-Latin text is never italicised, and a transliteration -- (where given) comes through in quotes. if motto.tessenLettyraghey and motto.tessenLettyraghey ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " <br/>(“" .. motto.tessenLettyraghey .. "”)" end if motto.chyndaa and motto.chyndaa ~= "" then baseText = baseText .. " <br/><small>“" .. motto.chyndaa .. "”</small>" end table.insert(rows, "'''[[Jarroo-raa]]:&nbsp;'''" .. baseText) end -- wikidataProperty is optional: pass a property (e.g. "P85") to fall -- back to Wikidata when no manual parameter is set for this anthem slot. local function formatAnthem(label, key, wikidataProperty) local title = getManual(args, {key}) -- FIXED: an explicit |<key>=none (e.g. |arrane_ashoonagh=none) must -- suppress this row ENTIRELY -- same bug, and same fix, as the -- motto above: it used to fall straight through to the Wikidata -- fallback instead of actually suppressing anything, since -- resolving that fallback overwrote `title` before the "none" -- check below ever saw it. if title and mw.ustring.lower(title) == "none" then return end local wikidataInfo = nil if not title and wikidataProperty then wikidataInfo = getWikidataItemInfo(wikidataProperty) if wikidataInfo then title = wikidataInfo.title end end if not title then return end -- Same UTF-8-safe quote-stripping as the motto above (see its -- comment) -- an anthem title in a non-Latin script is just as -- exposed to the same byte-level corruption. local clean = mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(mw.text.trim(title), '^["“]', ''), '["”]$', '') if not mw.ustring.find(clean, "%[%[") then clean = '[[' .. clean .. '|' .. clean .. ']]' end local display = '“' .. clean .. '”' local note = getManual(args, {"noteyn_" .. key}) if note and note ~= "" then display = display .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end local ref = getManual(args, {"imraa_" .. key}) if ref then display = display .. wrapReference(ref) end local tessen = getManual(args, {"tessen-lettyraghey_" .. key}) -- A transliteration is always Latin-script by definition -- quotes, -- never italics, same rule as the motto's own transliteration above. if tessen and tessen ~= "" then display = display .. " <br/>(“" .. tessen .. "”)" end local chyndaa = getManual(args, {"çhyndaa_" .. key, "chyndaa_" .. key}) if chyndaa and chyndaa ~= "" then display = display .. " <br/><small>“" .. chyndaa .. "”</small>" end local audio = getManual(args, {"coadan_" .. key}) if (not audio or audio == "") and wikidataInfo then -- Prefer a per-country qualifier on THIS SAME statement -- (confirmed on Wikidata for a shared anthem like "God Save -- the King", which has no single canonical recording of its -- own) over the anthem item's own standalone P51 statement -- (how a country-specific anthem like Nepal's tends to be -- modelled instead) -- either shape now resolves. audio = wikidataInfo.qualifierAudio or getWikidataAudioFile(wikidataInfo.id) end if audio and audio ~= "" then display = display .. '<br/><div style="text-align:center; margin-top:0.3em;">[[Coadan:' .. audio .. '|center]]</div>' end table.insert(rows, "'''" .. label .. ":&nbsp;'''" .. display) end formatAnthem("[[Arrane ashoonagh]]", "arrane_ashoonagh", "P85") formatAnthem("Anthym", "arrane") formatAnthem("[[Arrane reeoil]]", "arrane_reeoil") if #rows == 0 then return nil end return '<tr><td colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center;">' .. table.concat(rows, "<br/>") .. '</td></tr>' end return p 2nefg4pna9u2cxpvpeeshk1ogxhydae 828 55837 393300 393280 2026-09-15T20:58:30Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393300 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Wikidata fetch/citation module. Used instead of Module:WikidataIB, which -- has no working citation-building of its own. local wdOK, Wd = pcall(require, "Module:Wd") -- Country genitive/mutated name forms (e.g. "Mannin" -> "Vannin", "Nalbin" -- -> "ny h-Albey"). See getCurrentCountryGenitive/shortManxForm below. local enmynOK, EnmynCheerey = pcall(require, "Module:Enmyn çheerey") -- Shared "Manx label, else linked Wikidata fallback" helper -- see its own -- header comment. Used as the last rung in getWdItemManxLink below. local ennymWdOK, EnnymWd = pcall(require, "Module:Kishtey fys çheer/ennym-wd") -- Returns the first non-empty manual parameter from a list of names. local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function isNone(value) return value ~= nil and mw.text.trim(value):lower() == "none" end -- Wraps a manual citation in <ref>...</ref>, unless it's already fully -- <ref>-tagged (Scribunto expands a literal <ref> in a parameter into an -- opaque \127UNIQ...QINU\127 strip marker before this module sees it, so we -- strip those out and check what's left -- nothing left means it was -- already tag(s), pass through unchanged; real text left over -- e.g. a -- bare {{cite web}} call whose own <templatestyles/> leaves an incidental -- marker -- means it still needs wrapping). local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end -- Appends a manual <ref> and/or {{efn}} note (the imraa_*/noteyn_* params) -- to a value, on top of any Wikidata-sourced citation it already has. local function applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if not value then return value end if note and note ~= "" and frame then value = value .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end if ref and ref ~= "" then value = value .. wrapReference(ref) end return value end -- Shared innards of getWdProperty/getWdPropertyWithCitation. -- includeReference controls whether Wd's "reference" flag is passed. local function getWdPropertyRaw(property, flags, includeReference) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._property then return nil end local callArgs = {} for _, f in ipairs(flags or {}) do table.insert(callArgs, f) end if includeReference then table.insert(callArgs, "reference") end table.insert(callArgs, "best") -- single best-ranked value table.insert(callArgs, property) local ok, result = pcall(Wd._property, callArgs) if ok and result and result ~= "" then return result end return nil end -- Fetches a Wikidata property value with its auto-built citation already -- appended. `flags` is an optional array of extra Wd flags (e.g. -- {"linked"}). Safe only when the result isn't going to be re-wrapped in a -- fresh "[[...]]" by the caller -- use getWdPropertyWithCitation for that. local function getWdProperty(property, flags) return getWdPropertyRaw(property, flags, true) end -- Fetches a property's value and its already-rendered citation (e.g. "[1]") -- as two separate strings, by fetching with and without Wd's "reference" -- flag and diffing them -- so a caller can wrap the bare value in "[[...]]" -- (ensureLinked) without the citation's own "[" breaking the link. Returns -- `value, citation`; citation is nil when there is none. local function getWdPropertyWithCitation(property, flags) local base = getWdPropertyRaw(property, flags, false) if not base then return nil, nil end local withRef = getWdPropertyRaw(property, flags, true) if not withRef or withRef == base then return base, nil end if withRef:sub(1, #base) == base then local citation = withRef:sub(#base + 1) if citation ~= "" then return base, citation end return base, nil end return withRef, nil end -- Forces a value into a wikilink when Wd's "linked" flag didn't already -- produce one (no gv sitelink yet), without touching a trailing citation. local function ensureLinked(value) if not value or value == "" then return value end local label, refSuffix = value:match("^(.-)(<ref.*)$") if not label then label = value refSuffix = "" end if label:find("%[%[") then return value -- already a real link via a gv sitelink end label = mw.text.trim(label) if label == "" then return value end return "[[" .. label .. "]]" .. refSuffix end -- Manx label of a Wikidata PROPERTY itself (e.g. P35 -> "head of state"), -- used as a title fallback. getLabelByLang (not plain label()) avoids -- leaking an English fallback when no Manx label exists. local function getWikidataPropertyLabel(property) local ok, label = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang, property, "gv") if ok and label and label ~= "" then return label end return nil end -- Raw QID (no link/label formatting) of an entity-valued property on the -- current page's own item -- e.g. P35's value, for chaining into a lookup -- on that person's own item (see getWdPositionTitle below). local function getWdRawPropertyId(property) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._property then return nil end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._property, {"raw", "best", property}) if ok and result and type(result) == "string" and result:match("^Q%d+$") then return result end return nil end -- Raw QIDs of EVERY value of an entity-valued property on the current -- page's own item (plural version of getWdRawPropertyId above) -- e.g. -- every P122 ("basic form of government") statement. local function getWdRawPropertyIds(property) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._properties then return {} end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._properties, {"raw", property}) if not ok or not result or type(result) ~= "string" or result == "" then return {} end local ids = {} for id in result:gmatch("Q%d+") do table.insert(ids, id) end return ids end -- Raw QID of a QUALIFIER on the current page's own "best" statement of -- `property` -- e.g. the P1393 ("proxy") qualifier on a P35 statement. Call -- shape is {"raw", "best", mainProperty, qualifierProperty}; no `eid`, so it -- defaults to the current page's own entity. local function getWdQualifierRawId(property, qualifierProperty) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._qualifier then return nil end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._qualifier, {"raw", "best", property, qualifierProperty}) if ok and result and type(result) == "string" and result:match("^Q%d+$") then return result end return nil end -- Raw QIDs of every value of an entity-valued property on a FOREIGN -- Wikidata item (`eid`) -- e.g. a leader's own P39 ("position held") -- statements. Uses Wd's plural "properties" command so every matching -- claim is returned, not just one. `qualifiers` is an optional -- {qualifierProperty = requiredValue} table to filter by (e.g. P1001 -- "applies to jurisdiction" -- see getWdPositionTitle below). local function getWdRawForeignPropertyIds(eid, property, extraFlags, qualifiers) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._properties or not eid then return {} end local callArgs = {} for _, f in ipairs(extraFlags or {}) do table.insert(callArgs, f) end table.insert(callArgs, "raw") table.insert(callArgs, property) callArgs[Wd.args and Wd.args.eid or "eid"] = eid for qid, value in pairs(qualifiers or {}) do callArgs[qid] = value end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._properties, callArgs) if not ok or not result or type(result) ~= "string" or result == "" then return {} end local ids = {} for id in result:gmatch("Q%d+") do table.insert(ids, id) end return ids end -- QID of the Wikidata item connected to the current page. local function getCurrentCountryQid() local ok, id = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage) if ok and id and id ~= "" then return id end return nil end -- Manx genitive form of the current page's own country/territory (e.g. -- "Vannin" for the Isle of Man, "y Reeriaght Unnaneysit" for the UK), from -- Module:Enmyn çheerey's table, keyed on the page's own title. local function getCurrentCountryGenitive() if not enmynOK or not EnmynCheerey or not EnmynCheerey.genitive then return nil end local okTitle, title = pcall(function() return mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text end) if not okTitle or not title or title == "" then return nil end local okGen, genitive = pcall(EnmynCheerey.genitive, title) if okGen and genitive and genitive ~= "" then return genitive end return nil end -- Section label linked to the country-specific article/redirect when one -- exists (e.g. "[[Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reiltys]]" for the UK, -- "[[Reiltys Vannin|Reiltys]]" for the Isle of Man), else a plain -- "[[Reiltys]]" when the current page's genitive can't be resolved. local function getGenitiveLinkedLabel(baseWord) local genitive = getCurrentCountryGenitive() if genitive and genitive ~= "" then return "[[" .. baseWord .. " " .. genitive .. "|" .. baseWord .. "]]" end return "[[" .. baseWord .. "]]" end -- Titles to leave unshortened even though they'd otherwise match a rung -- below (e.g. "Çhiarn Vannin" should stay whole, not lose " Vannin"). local shortFormExceptions = { ["Çhiarn Vannin"] = true, } -- Strips the country name from an office title for display, e.g. "Monark y -- Reeriaght Unnaneysit" -> "Monark". Tries, in order: Module:Enmyn -- çheerey's exact genitive suffix, an explicit " y " split, then a blind -- last-space split. A title with no space at all is returned unchanged. local function shortManxForm(title) if not title or title == "" then return title end if shortFormExceptions[title] then return title end local countryGenitive = getCurrentCountryGenitive() if countryGenitive then local suffix = " " .. countryGenitive if #title > #suffix and title:sub(-#suffix) == suffix then return title:sub(1, #title - #suffix) end end local short = title:match("^(.-)%sy%s") if short and short ~= "" then return short end short = title:match("^(.+)%s%S+$") if short and short ~= "" then return short end return title end -- Same idea as shortManxForm, for a shared monarch's own per-realm article -- name (e.g. "Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit"). Skips the blind -- last-space rung, which would wrongly truncate "Charse III" -> "Charse". local function shortenCountrySuffixedName(name) if not name or name == "" then return name end local countryGenitive = getCurrentCountryGenitive() if countryGenitive then local suffix = " " .. countryGenitive if #name > #suffix and name:sub(-#suffix) == suffix then return name:sub(1, #name - #suffix) end end local short = name:match("^(.-)%sy%s") if short and short ~= "" then return short end return name end -- Shortens the DISPLAY text of a head-of-state link when it's a per-realm- -- disambiguated article, leaving the link target and any citation -- untouched. Head-of-state only -- a head of government is never shared -- across countries, so this shape of data doesn't arise there. local function shortenLinkedCountryName(value) if not value or value == "" then return value end local main, refSuffix = value:match("^(.-)(<ref.*)$") if not main then main = value refSuffix = "" end local target, display = main:match("^%[%[([^%[%]|]+)|([^%[%]|]+)%]%]$") if not target then target = main:match("^%[%[([^%[%]|]+)%]%]$") display = target end if not target then return value end local short = shortenCountrySuffixedName(display) if short ~= display then return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. short .. "]]" .. refSuffix end return value end -- Capitalizes the first letter via the content language's own ucfirst -- (UTF-8/digraph-safe, e.g. "çh") -- not a plain Lua upper() on byte 1. local function wikiUcfirst(text) if not text or text == "" then return text end local ok, result = pcall(function() return mw.language.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(text) end) if ok and result and result ~= "" then return result end return text end -- Capitalizes the first letter a reader actually sees, even through a -- leading wikilink or ennym-wd external-link marker -- for a comma-joined -- multi-value line, only the first item. Never applied to manual values. local function capitalizeFirstLetter(text) if not text or text == "" then return text end if text:match("^%[%[") then local closePos = text:find("%]%]", 3, true) local pipePos = text:find("|", 1, true) local splitPos if pipePos and (not closePos or pipePos < closePos) then splitPos = pipePos -- piped: capitalize the display half only else splitPos = 2 -- unpiped: capitalize just past the leading "[[" end return text:sub(1, splitPos) .. wikiUcfirst(text:sub(splitPos + 1)) elseif text:match("^%[https?://") then -- ennym-wd external link: "[url label] ^(lang)" -- -- capitalize the label, right after the URL's own space. local spacePos = text:find(" ", 2, true) if spacePos then return text:sub(1, spacePos) .. wikiUcfirst(text:sub(spacePos + 1)) end return text end return wikiUcfirst(text) end -- Builds a wikilink for a Wikidata item: gv sitelink, else gv label (as a -- redlink), else an ennym-wd external link to Wikidata. Display text always -- prefers the gv label, even when a sitelink has a different title. -- shorten (default true): strip a "role + country" suffix (shortManxForm) -- -- pass false for an ordinary proper name (a chamber, a calendar concept). -- capitalize (default true): pass false when building one item of a -- multi-value list, where only the caller's finished line gets capitalized. -- Returns nil only when nothing resolves at all. local function getWdItemManxLink(qid, shorten, capitalize) if not qid then return nil end if capitalize == nil then capitalize = true end local okSite, sitelinkTitle = pcall(mw.wikibase.sitelink, qid) if not okSite then sitelinkTitle = nil end sitelinkTitle = (sitelinkTitle and sitelinkTitle ~= "") and sitelinkTitle or nil local okLabel, gvLabel = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang, qid, "gv") if okLabel and gvLabel and gvLabel ~= "" then if capitalize then gvLabel = wikiUcfirst(gvLabel) end else gvLabel = nil end if not sitelinkTitle and not gvLabel then if ennymWdOK and EnnymWd and EnnymWd.labelWithFallback then local ok, annotated = pcall(EnnymWd.labelWithFallback, qid) if ok and annotated then return annotated end end return nil end local target = sitelinkTitle or gvLabel local displayBase = gvLabel or sitelinkTitle if shorten == false then if target == displayBase then return "[[" .. target .. "]]" end return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. displayBase .. "]]" end local short = shortManxForm(displayBase) if short ~= target then return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. short .. "]]" end return "[[" .. target .. "]]" end -- Office title from a property set directly on the country (P1906 "office -- held by head of state" / P1313 "office held by head of government"), -- when Wikidata records it -- avoids the multi-role ambiguity in -- getWdPositionTitle below. Tried first. local function getWdOfficeItemTitle(officeProperty) local officeQid = getWdRawPropertyId(officeProperty) if not officeQid then return nil end return getWdItemManxLink(officeQid) end -- Fallback for a country with no P1906/P1313 set: the officeholder's own -- "position held" (P39). A person can hold several concurrent P39s (several -- realms, or an MP/party-leader/PM combo) with no reliable qualifier saying -- which is "the" state office, so this tries every current candidate -- (P1001-jurisdiction-filtered first) and uses the first with a real gv -- article -- in practice the actual office is the one likely to have one. local function getWdPositionTitle(headProperty) local personQid = getWdRawPropertyId(headProperty) if not personQid then return nil end local countryQid = getCurrentCountryQid() local candidates = {} if countryQid then for _, id in ipairs(getWdRawForeignPropertyIds(personQid, "P39", {"current"}, {["P1001"] = countryQid})) do table.insert(candidates, id) end end for _, id in ipairs(getWdRawForeignPropertyIds(personQid, "P39", {"current"})) do table.insert(candidates, id) end local tried = {} for _, qid in ipairs(candidates) do if not tried[qid] then tried[qid] = true local link = getWdItemManxLink(qid) if link then return link end end end return nil end -- Wikidata's "upper house" / "lower house" class items. local UPPER_HOUSE_QID = "Q637846" local LOWER_HOUSE_QID = "Q375928" -- How many "subclass of" (P279) hops to walk up from a chamber's own P31 -- class before giving up. Confirmed directly on Wikidata (screenshotted, -- not guessed): the UK's House of Lords/House of Commons are NOT -- instance-of the generic upper/lower-house classes directly -- they're -- instance-of their OWN classes ("house of lords" / "house of commons"), -- which presumably subclass the generic ones a hop or two further up. -- Capped rather than unbounded, so a class hierarchy this can't resolve -- costs a small, predictable number of extra lookups instead of an -- open-ended graph walk. local CLASS_WALK_DEPTH = 3 -- Whether `classQid` IS `targetQid`, or reaches it by walking up "subclass -- of" (P279). The direct P31 == target check (the common, cheap case) is -- still tried first in getWdChambers below; this only runs when that -- misses. `seen` guards against a cyclical class graph re-visiting the -- same item and looping. local function classReaches(classQid, targetQid, depth, seen) if classQid == targetQid then return true end if depth <= 0 then return false end seen = seen or {} if seen[classQid] then return false end seen[classQid] = true for _, superQid in ipairs(getWdRawForeignPropertyIds(classQid, "P279")) do if classReaches(superQid, targetQid, depth - 1, seen) then return true end end return false end -- Resolves a bicameral legislature's two chambers via "has part(s)" (P527) -- + "instance of" (P31) on each part -- checked first against the generic -- upper/lower-house classes directly, then (only if that misses) by -- walking up each class's own "subclass of" (P279) chain, since a chamber -- is often classified via its own country-specific class (e.g. the UK's -- "house of lords"/"house of commons" classes) rather than the generic -- class directly. Unicameral (no P527) or ambiguous data yields nothing -- for that side; no auto-built citation is attached. local function getWdChambers(legislatureQid) if not legislatureQid then return nil, nil end local partQids = getWdRawForeignPropertyIds(legislatureQid, "P527") local upperQid, lowerQid = nil, nil local upperAmbiguous, lowerAmbiguous = false, false for _, partQid in ipairs(partQids) do local isUpper, isLower = false, false for _, classQid in ipairs(getWdRawForeignPropertyIds(partQid, "P31")) do if classQid == UPPER_HOUSE_QID or classReaches(classQid, UPPER_HOUSE_QID, CLASS_WALK_DEPTH) then isUpper = true elseif classQid == LOWER_HOUSE_QID or classReaches(classQid, LOWER_HOUSE_QID, CLASS_WALK_DEPTH) then isLower = true end end if isUpper then if upperQid and upperQid ~= partQid then upperAmbiguous = true end upperQid = partQid end if isLower then if lowerQid and lowerQid ~= partQid then lowerAmbiguous = true end lowerQid = partQid end end local upperLink = (upperQid and not upperAmbiguous) and getWdItemManxLink(upperQid, false) or nil local lowerLink = (lowerQid and not lowerAmbiguous) and getWdItemManxLink(lowerQid, false) or nil return upperLink, lowerLink end -- Wikidata's "proleptic Julian calendar" item -- not plain "Julian -- calendar" (Q11184); a time value's calendar model always points to the -- proleptic variant. local JULIAN_CALENDAR_QID = "Q1985786" -- Wd appends " (Joolagh)" for a Julian-calendar date, with a blind, -- unverified link. Rebuilds it as a real three-tier link, keeping "Joolagh" -- as the display text; falls back to plain unlinked text if nothing resolves. local function getJulianCalendarSuffixLink() local link = getWdItemManxLink(JULIAN_CALENDAR_QID, false) if link then local target = link:match("^%[%[([^%[%]|]+)") or link:match("^%[%[([^%[%]|]+)%]%]$") if target then return "[[" .. target .. "|Joolagh]]" end return link end return "Joolagh" end -- Row templates: plain 2-cell rows, matching every other submodule -- (çhengaghyn, balley, bratteeyn). The old template's 3-column grid caused -- a layout bug when mixed with 2-column rows. Sub-items get a "•" bullet + -- lighter weight instead of a spacer column. local ROW = '<tr%s><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</th><td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</td></tr>' local SUBROW = '<tr%s><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:normal; overflow-wrap:anywhere; word-break:normal; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.9em; padding-right:0.4em;">•&nbsp;%s</th><td style="vertical-align:top; white-space:normal; overflow-wrap:anywhere; word-break:normal; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</td></tr>' local HEADER = '<tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</th></tr>' -- Builds a class="..." attribute, or an empty string. local function trClass(name) if name and name ~= "" then return ' class="' .. name .. '"' end return "" end -- Wraps a section label in [[...]], unless it's already a full wikilink -- (a manual |sorçh_kionedeeaght=[[target|display]] override) -- otherwise -- that would double-bracket into a broken [[[[target|display]]]]. local function wikilinkLabel(label) if not label or label == "" then return label end if label:find("%[%[") then return label end return "[[" .. label .. "]]" end -- Formats a run of bullet sub-rows with the merged-border classes: every -- row but the last gets mergedrow, the last gets mergedbottomrow. local function appendIndentRun(rows, items) for idx, item in ipairs(items) do local class = (idx == #items) and "mergedbottomrow" or "mergedrow" table.insert(rows, string.format(SUBROW, trClass(class), item[1], item[2])) end end -- Same divider Module:Kishtey fys çheer uses between submodules, reused -- here between this module's own sections -- only inserted between two -- sections that both produced rows. local dividerLine = '<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0; height:0px;"></td></tr>' local function appendSection(rows, sectionRows) if sectionRows and #sectionRows > 0 then if #rows > 0 then table.insert(rows, dividerLine) end for _, row in ipairs(sectionRows) do table.insert(rows, row) end end end function p.main(frame, args) -- Allow being called as p.main(args) with no frame (used by tests). if not args then args = frame frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() end local rows = {} local govRows = {} local quaiylRows = {} local foundingRows = {} ---------------------------------------------------------------- -- 1-2. REILTYS (government type) + leaders (head of state/government, -- etc.). enmysN_fer-toshee/ennymN_fer-toshee are the old gendered -- param names; enmys_toshiaghN/ennym_toshiaghN are the gender-neutral -- synonyms and take priority when both are given. ---------------------------------------------------------------- local govTypeRaw = getManual(args, {"sorçh_reiltys", "government_type"}) local govRef = getManual(args, {"imraa_reiltys"}) local govNote = getManual(args, {"noteyn_reiltys"}) if not govTypeRaw then -- Wikidata fallback: basic form of government (P122), joining every -- value. Routed through getWdItemManxLink (not Wd's own "linked" -- flag) since a P122 value rarely has a gv sitelink and would -- otherwise leak unlinked English. local govTypeQids = getWdRawPropertyIds("P122") local govTypeParts = {} for _, qid in ipairs(govTypeQids) do local link = getWdItemManxLink(qid, false, false) if link then table.insert(govTypeParts, link) end end if #govTypeParts > 0 then govTypeRaw = capitalizeFirstLetter(table.concat(govTypeParts, ", ")) end end local govShown = govTypeRaw and not isNone(govTypeRaw) local leaderPairs = {} local manualLeaderGiven = false for i = 1, 5 do local title = getManual(args, {"enmys_toshiagh" .. i, "enmys" .. i .. "_fer-toshee"}) local name = getManual(args, {"ennym_toshiagh" .. i, "ennym" .. i .. "_fer-toshee"}) if title or name then manualLeaderGiven = true if not isNone(name) then table.insert(leaderPairs, {title = title or "", name = name or ""}) end end end local leaderRef = getManual(args, {"imraa_toshiagh", "imraa_fer-toshee"}) local leaderNote = getManual(args, {"noteyn_toshiagh", "noteyn_fer-toshee"}) local leadersSuppressed = isNone(getManual(args, {"fir_hoshee", "toshiaghyn"})) if not manualLeaderGiven and not leadersSuppressed then -- Wikidata fallback: head of state (P35) / head of government (P6). local hosBase, hosCitation = getWdPropertyWithCitation("P35", {"linked"}) local hos = shortenLinkedCountryName(ensureLinked(hosBase)) if hos and hosCitation then hos = hos .. hosCitation end local hogBase, hogCitation = getWdPropertyWithCitation("P6", {"linked"}) local hog = ensureLinked(hogBase) if hog and hogCitation then hog = hog .. hogCitation end -- Some countries (US, France, Russia, ...) record the same person as -- both P35 and P6 -- skip the head-of-government row when they match. local hosQid = getWdRawPropertyId("P35") local hogQid = getWdRawPropertyId("P6") local sameHeadOfStateAndGovernment = hos and hog and hosQid and hogQid and hosQid == hogQid if hos then local hosTitle = getManual(args, {"sorçh_kione_steat"}) or getWdOfficeItemTitle("P1906") -- office held by head of state or getWdPositionTitle("P35") or getWikidataPropertyLabel("P35") or "Kione steat" table.insert(leaderPairs, {title = hosTitle, name = hos}) -- Head of state's "proxy" (e.g. the Isle of Man's Lieutenant -- Governor), via P1393 (a qualifier on P35, value = the office; -- P1308 on that office = the current holder). if not isNone(getManual(args, {"ynnydee_kione_steat"})) then local proxyOfficeQid = getWdQualifierRawId("P35", "P1393") if proxyOfficeQid then local proxyPersonIds = getWdRawForeignPropertyIds(proxyOfficeQid, "P1308", {"best"}) local proxyPersonQid = proxyPersonIds[1] local proxyName = proxyPersonQid and ensureLinked(getWdItemManxLink(proxyPersonQid, false)) or nil if proxyName then local proxyTitle = getManual(args, {"sorçh_ynnydee"}) or getWdItemManxLink(proxyOfficeQid) or "Ynnydee" table.insert(leaderPairs, {title = proxyTitle, name = proxyName}) end end end end if hog and not sameHeadOfStateAndGovernment then local hogTitle = getManual(args, {"sorçh_kione_reiltys"}) or getWdOfficeItemTitle("P1313") -- office held by head of government or getWdPositionTitle("P6") or getWikidataPropertyLabel("P6") or "Kione reiltys" table.insert(leaderPairs, {title = hogTitle, name = hog}) end end local reiltysLabel = getGenitiveLinkedLabel("Reiltys") if govShown then local govClass = (#leaderPairs > 0) and "mergedtoprow" or "" table.insert(govRows, string.format(ROW, trClass(govClass), reiltysLabel, applyRefNote(govTypeRaw, govRef, govNote, frame))) elseif #leaderPairs > 0 then table.insert(govRows, string.format(HEADER, reiltysLabel)) end if #leaderPairs > 0 then -- Manual ref/note for the whole leaders block is attached to the -- last row (a Wikidata-sourced name already carries its own). local last = leaderPairs[#leaderPairs] last.name = applyRefNote(last.name, leaderRef, leaderNote, frame) local items = {} for _, leader in ipairs(leaderPairs) do table.insert(items, {leader.title, leader.name}) end appendIndentRun(govRows, items) end ---------------------------------------------------------------- -- 3. QUAIYL / ÇHIONNAL (legislature). çhionnal is a synonym for -- quaiyl; thie_heose/thie_heese are synonyms for -- quaiyl_syrjey/quaiyl_s'inshley. ---------------------------------------------------------------- local quaiyl = getManual(args, {"çhionnal", "quaiyl"}) local quaiylSyrjey = getManual(args, {"thie_heose", "quaiyl_syrjey"}) local quaiylInshley = getManual(args, {"thie_heese", "quaiyl_s'inshley", "quaiyl_sinshley"}) local quaiylRef = getManual(args, {"imraa_çhionnal", "imraa_quaiyl"}) local quaiylNote = getManual(args, {"noteyn_çhionnal", "noteyn_quaiyl"}) local quaiylQid = nil if not quaiyl then -- Wd's "linked" flag leaks unlinked English with no gv sitelink -- (e.g. Scotland's P194); chain through the raw QID instead. quaiylQid = getWdRawPropertyId("P194") if quaiylQid then quaiyl = getWdItemManxLink(quaiylQid, false) end end if not quaiylSyrjey or not quaiylInshley then -- Chamber names, applied independently to whichever side is unset. local legislatureQid = quaiylQid or getWdRawPropertyId("P194") if legislatureQid then local wdUpper, wdLower = getWdChambers(legislatureQid) if not quaiylSyrjey then quaiylSyrjey = wdUpper end if not quaiylInshley then quaiylInshley = wdLower end end end if quaiyl and not isNone(quaiyl) then local houseItems = {} if quaiylSyrjey and not isNone(quaiylSyrjey) then table.insert(houseItems, {"[[Thie heose]]", quaiylSyrjey}) end if quaiylInshley and not isNone(quaiylInshley) then table.insert(houseItems, {"[[Thie heese]]", quaiylInshley}) end local quaiylClass = (#houseItems > 0) and "mergedtoprow" or "" table.insert(quaiylRows, string.format(ROW, trClass(quaiylClass), "[[Çhionnal slattyssagh]]", applyRefNote(quaiyl, quaiylRef, quaiylNote, frame))) appendIndentRun(quaiylRows, houseItems) end ---------------------------------------------------------------- -- 4. BUNNEEAGHT / KIONDEEAGHT (founding/constitution) + establishment -- events -- manual-only, ported from the old template's numbered -- slots (1-9). kionedeeaght is a synonym for kiondeeaght. ---------------------------------------------------------------- local foundingLabel = getManual(args, {"sorçh_kionedeeaght", "sorçh_kiondeeaght"}) or "Bunneeaght" local foundingValue = getManual(args, {"bunnit"}) local foundingNote = getManual(args, {"note_kionedeeaght", "note_kiondeeaght"}) local foundingRef = getManual(args, {"imraa_kionedeeaght", "imraa_kiondeeaght"}) local establishmentRows = {} for i = 1, 9 do -- taghyrt_bunneeaghtN/date_bunneeaghtN (new) vs. taghyrtN_bunnit/ -- dateN_bunnit (old, still works). local event = getManual(args, {"taghyrt_bunneeaght" .. i, "taghyrt" .. i .. "_bunnit"}) local date = getManual(args, {"date_bunneeaght" .. i, "date" .. i .. "_bunnit"}) if event then table.insert(establishmentRows, {event, date or ""}) end end if foundingValue or #establishmentRows > 0 then if foundingValue and not isNone(foundingValue) then local foundingClass = (#establishmentRows > 0) and "mergedtoprow" or "" table.insert(foundingRows, string.format(ROW, trClass(foundingClass), wikilinkLabel(foundingLabel), applyRefNote(foundingValue, foundingRef, foundingNote, frame))) elseif #establishmentRows > 0 then local headerLabel = applyRefNote(wikilinkLabel(foundingLabel), foundingRef, foundingNote, frame) table.insert(foundingRows, string.format(HEADER, headerLabel)) end appendIndentRun(foundingRows, establishmentRows) elseif not isNone(getManual(args, {"bunnit"})) then -- Wikidata fallback: inception (P571), only when the whole -- establishment block was left unset (not |bunnit=none). local inception = getWdProperty("P571") if inception and inception:find(" (Joolagh)", 1, true) then inception = inception:gsub(" %(Joolagh%)", " (" .. getJulianCalendarSuffixLink() .. ")", 1) end if inception then table.insert(foundingRows, string.format(ROW, "", wikilinkLabel(foundingLabel), applyRefNote(inception, foundingRef, foundingNote, frame))) end end appendSection(rows, govRows) appendSection(rows, quaiylRows) appendSection(rows, foundingRows) if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p elkos7ifof27zs0ben6vtnvmsv00eon 828 55890 393288 393279 2026-09-15T15:06:42Z MacTire02 219 ronnaghyn ALD as Gini 393288 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Wikidata properties, verified individually before use (never guessed): -- P2131/P2132 nominal GDP total/per-capita, P4010/P2299 PPP GDP -- total/per-capita, P1125 Gini, P1081 HDI, P38 currency, P498 ISO 4217 code. local GDP_NOMINAL_TOTAL = "P2131" local GDP_NOMINAL_PERCAPITA = "P2132" local GDP_PPP_TOTAL = "P4010" local GDP_PPP_PERCAPITA = "P2299" local GINI_PROPERTY = "P1125" local HDI_PROPERTY = "P1081" local CURRENCY_PROPERTY = "P38" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P498" local UNIT_SYMBOL_PROPERTY = "P5061" -- confirmed against Module:WikidataIB's own usage -- P1082 population -- not a new lookup: this is the exact same property -- Module:Kishtey fys çheer/pobble already reads for its own census/ -- estimate rows, reused here (independently, per this project's -- per-submodule duplication convention) only for the LTS-per-capita -- computed fallback below. local POPULATION_PROPERTY = "P1082" local wdOK, Wd = pcall(require, "Module:Wd") local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function isNone(value) return value ~= nil and mw.text.trim(value):lower() == "none" end local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end -- Capitalizes via the content language's own ucfirst (UTF-8/digraph-safe), -- not a plain Lua upper() on byte 1. Duplicated from reiltys.lua. local function wikiUcfirst(text) if not text or text == "" then return text end local ok, result = pcall(function() return mw.language.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(text) end) if ok and result and result ~= "" then return result end return text end -- Capitalizes the first letter a reader actually sees, even through a -- leading wikilink or external-link marker (getCurrencyLink's two linked -- shapes) -- Wikidata labels are commonly stored lower-case. Never applied -- to manual values. local function capitalizeFirstLetter(text) if not text or text == "" then return text end if text:match("^%[%[") then local closePos = text:find("%]%]", 3, true) local pipePos = text:find("|", 1, true) local splitPos if pipePos and (not closePos or pipePos < closePos) then splitPos = pipePos else splitPos = 2 end return text:sub(1, splitPos) .. wikiUcfirst(text:sub(splitPos + 1)) elseif text:match("^%[https?://") then local spacePos = text:find(" ", 2, true) if spacePos then return text:sub(1, spacePos) .. wikiUcfirst(text:sub(spacePos + 1)) end return text end return wikiUcfirst(text) end local function applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if not value then return value end if note and note ~= "" and frame then value = value .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end if ref and ref ~= "" then value = value .. wrapReference(ref) end return value end -- Same row grid as reiltys/pobble: ROW is a plain label+value row, SUBROW a -- bulleted sub-item beneath a shared block. local ROW = '<tr%s><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</th><td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</td></tr>' local SUBROW = '<tr%s><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.9em; padding-right:0.4em;">•&nbsp;%s</th><td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</td></tr>' local function trClass(name) if name and name ~= "" then return ' class="' .. name .. '"' end return "" end local function appendIndentRun(rows, items) for idx, item in ipairs(items) do local class = (idx == #items) and "mergedbottomrow" or "mergedrow" table.insert(rows, string.format(SUBROW, trClass(class), item[1], item[2])) end end -- Divider between this module's own internal blocks (CCC / LTS / Gini / -- ALD / Argid) -- same rule as reiltys: only between two blocks that both -- produced rows. local dividerLine = '<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0; height:0px;"></td></tr>' local function appendSection(rows, sectionRows) if sectionRows and #sectionRows > 0 then if #rows > 0 then table.insert(rows, dividerLine) end for _, row in ipairs(sectionRows) do table.insert(rows, row) end end end local function formatNumber(n, decimals) decimals = decimals or 2 local isNeg = n < 0 n = math.abs(n) local formatted = string.format("%." .. decimals .. "f", n) if formatted:find("%.") then formatted = formatted:gsub("0+$", ""):gsub("%.$", "") end local intPart, decPart = formatted:match("^(%d+)%.?(%d*)$") local grouped = intPart:reverse():gsub("(%d%d%d)", "%1,"):reverse():gsub("^,", "") local result = (decPart and decPart ~= "") and (grouped .. "." .. decPart) or grouped return isNeg and ("-" .. result) or result end -- Large-number Manx words, as given directly by you. Applied only to GDP -- TOTAL figures (not per-capita, not Gini/ALD) -- matching enwiki's own -- convention of abbreviating a total ("$32.384 trillion") while showing -- per-capita in full ("$94,430"). local SCALE_WORDS = { {1e12, "trillioon"}, {1e9, "billoon"}, {1e6, "millioon"}, {1e3, "thousane"}, } local function abbreviateNumber(n) for _, scale in ipairs(SCALE_WORDS) do local threshold, word = scale[1], scale[2] if math.abs(n) >= threshold then return formatNumber(n / threshold, 3) .. "&nbsp;" .. word end end return formatNumber(n, 0) end -- Splits a manual numeric value into {number, tail}: strips comma -- separators, then takes the leading numeric run. Anything left over (an -- inline <ref>...</ref> -- already a UNIQ strip marker by the time this -- module sees it -- or other trailing text) is kept, not discarded: the -- OLD template had no separate citation parameter for these fields, so on -- the existing 200+ articles a citation was the editor's only option -- directly inside the value itself, e.g. -- |LTS_ennymagh = 28,750,956,130,000<ref>...</ref>. Without this split, -- tonumber() on the whole string fails outright and the value falls back -- to unabbreviated raw text -- which is exactly what a plain -- comma-stripped tonumber() was doing before this fix. local function splitManualNumber(text) local stripped = text:gsub(",", "") local numStr, tail = stripped:match("^(%-?%d+%.?%d*)(.*)$") if not numStr then return nil, nil end tail = mw.text.trim(tail) return tonumber(numStr), tail ~= "" and tail or nil end -- Applies to a GDP field's own number, whether manual or Wikidata-sourced -- -- unlike every other manual value in this module, a manual GDP figure -- IS reformatted (scaled/grouped), since the whole point of this feature -- is the number's presentation, not just its source. `field.str` (the -- manual text as typed) is the fallback only for the rare manual value -- that doesn't parse as a plain number at all. Any trailing text captured -- alongside the number (typically an inline citation) is preserved -- immediately after the reformatted number. local function formatGdpDisplay(field, abbreviate) if not field.number then return field.str end local numStr = abbreviate and abbreviateNumber(field.number) or formatNumber(field.number, 0) if field.tail then return numStr .. field.tail end return numStr end -- Colour-coded, per your explicit instruction for this section (population -- deliberately uses no colour -- a separate, earlier decision that does -- NOT generalise here). local function trendArrow(direction) if direction == "up" then return '<span title="Ardjaghey" style="color:green;">▲</span>' elseif direction == "down" then return '<span title="Leodaghey" style="color:red;">▼</span>' elseif direction == "steady" then return '<span title="Corrym" style="color:blue;">—</span>' end return "" end -- All non-deprecated statements of a quantity property, reduced to -- {amount, rawAmount, year}, sorted ascending by year. local function getWdQuantityStatements(property) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local results = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "quantity" then local rawAmount = mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount local amount = tonumber(rawAmount) local timeQuals = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P585 local timeSnak = timeQuals and timeQuals[1] local timeValue = timeSnak and timeSnak.datavalue and timeSnak.datavalue.value local year = timeValue and timeValue.time and tonumber(timeValue.time:match("(%-?%d+)%-")) -- The statement's OWN currency/unit (e.g. a specific country's -- dollar, not necessarily USD) -- never assumed, always read off -- this exact statement. Dimensionless properties (Gini, HDI) -- simply never match "Q%d+$" here and stay nil. local unitQid = mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit and mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit:match("Q%d+$") if amount then table.insert(results, { amount = amount, rawAmount = rawAmount and rawAmount:gsub("^%+", ""), year = year, unitQid = unitQid, }) end end end table.sort(results, function(a, b) return (a.year or 0) < (b.year or 0) end) return results end -- Compares `number` against whichever fetched statement is the closest one -- strictly before `year` -- or, with no year, the single most recent -- statement -- even when that statement isn't itself shown as a row. Used -- for both manual and Wikidata-sourced values alike. local function trendAgainstWikidata(number, year, allEntries) if not number or not allEntries or #allEntries == 0 then return nil end local prev = nil for _, entry in ipairs(allEntries) do if year then if entry.year and entry.year < year and (not prev or entry.year > prev.year) then prev = entry end elseif not prev or (entry.year or 0) > (prev.year or 0) then prev = entry end end if not prev then return nil end if number > prev.amount then return "up" end if number < prev.amount then return "down" end return "steady" end local function getWdReferenceForValue(property, rawAmount) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._reference or not rawAmount then return nil end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._reference, {"best", property, rawAmount}) if ok and result and result ~= "" then return result end return nil end -- Raw QIDs of EVERY value of an entity-valued property on the current -- page's own item -- e.g. every P38 (currency) statement, for a country -- using more than one. local function getWdRawPropertyIds(property) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._properties then return {} end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._properties, {"raw", property}) if not ok or not result or type(result) ~= "string" or result == "" then return {} end local ids = {} for id in result:gmatch("Q%d+") do table.insert(ids, id) end return ids end -- Raw value of a property on a FOREIGN Wikidata item (e.g. P498 on the -- currency item, not the country's own item) -- same eid-keyed pattern as -- reiltys.lua's getWdRawForeignPropertyIds, singular version. local function getWdForeignPropertyRaw(eid, property) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._property or not eid then return nil end local callArgs = {"raw", "best", property} callArgs[Wd.args and Wd.args.eid or "eid"] = eid local ok, result = pcall(Wd._property, callArgs) if ok and result and type(result) == "string" and result ~= "" then return result end return nil end -- The short symbol (e.g. "$") of a currency/unit item, via P5061 -- read -- directly off mw.wikibase (a monolingualtext value, so Wd's plain-string -- commands don't fit), same technique as Module:WikidataIB. Prefers a -- language-neutral ("mul") or English value; falls back to whichever -- language is available rather than showing nothing. local function getWdUnitSymbol(unitQid) if not unitQid then return nil end local ok, statements = pcall(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, unitQid, UNIT_SYMBOL_PROPERTY) if not ok or not statements then return nil end local fallback = nil for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak local value = mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "mul" or value.language == "en" then return value.text end fallback = fallback or value.text end end return fallback end -- Manx sitelink -> Manx label (redlink) -> English (or other) label with a -- language marker, linked to Wikidata directly. Capitalized -- Wikidata -- labels are commonly stored lower-case ("dollar ny Steatyn Unnaneysit"), -- but this is always the first word of the field. local function getCurrencyLink(qid) local sitelinkOk, sitelink = pcall(mw.wikibase.getSitelink, qid, "gvwiki") local labelOk, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) local link if sitelinkOk and sitelink then local displayText = (labelOk and lang == "gv" and label) or sitelink if displayText ~= sitelink then link = "[[" .. sitelink .. "|" .. displayText .. "]]" else link = "[[" .. sitelink .. "]]" end elseif labelOk and label and lang == "gv" then link = "[[" .. label .. "]]" elseif labelOk and label then link = "[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. qid .. "?uselang=gv " .. label .. "] <small>(" .. lang .. ")</small>" end return link and capitalizeFirstLetter(link) or nil end -- Resolves one quantity field: a manual override (or "none" suppression) -- wins outright; otherwise the latest non-deprecated Wikidata statement. -- Returns "none" (suppressed), nil (no data), or a table -- {str, number, year, trend, citation}. local function resolveQuantityField(args, names, yearNames, property, statements, decimals) local manual = getManual(args, names) if manual then if isNone(manual) then return "none" end -- splitManualNumber (not a plain tonumber) so a manual value with -- trailing content -- typically an inline <ref>, already a UNIQ -- strip marker by the time this module sees it, since the OLD -- template had no separate citation parameter for these fields -- -- still parses as a number instead of falling back to raw, -- unformatted text. The trailing content itself is preserved via -- `tail`, not discarded. local number, tail = splitManualNumber(manual) local year = yearNames and getManual(args, yearNames) local parsedYear = year and tonumber(year:match("%-?%d+")) local trend = trendAgainstWikidata(number, parsedYear, statements) return {str = manual, number = number, tail = tail, year = year, trend = trend, citation = nil} end local latest = nil for _, entry in ipairs(statements) do if not latest or (entry.year or 0) > (latest.year or 0) then latest = entry end end if not latest then return nil end local trend = trendAgainstWikidata(latest.amount, latest.year, statements) local citation = getWdReferenceForValue(property, latest.rawAmount) return { str = formatNumber(latest.amount, decimals), number = latest.amount, year = latest.year and tostring(latest.year) or nil, trend = trend, citation = citation, unitQid = latest.unitQid, } end -- All non-deprecated P1082 (population) statements on the current page's -- own item, reduced to {amount, year} -- a smaller duplicate of -- pobble.lua's own getWdPopulationStatements (kept independent, per this -- project's per-submodule convention), since all this module needs is a -- population figure for one specific year, not census/estimate -- classification. local function getWdPopulationStatements() local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(POPULATION_PROPERTY) if not statements then return {} end local results = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "quantity" then local amount = tonumber(mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount) local timeQuals = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P585 local timeSnak = timeQuals and timeQuals[1] local timeValue = timeSnak and timeSnak.datavalue and timeSnak.datavalue.value local year = timeValue and timeValue.time and tonumber(timeValue.time:match("(%-?%d+)%-")) if amount and year then table.insert(results, {amount = amount, year = year}) end end end return results end -- The population figure for an EXACT year, or nil if Wikidata has none for -- that year -- deliberately no nearest-year fallback, per your own -- instruction that the population year must match the GDP year, not just -- be close to it. When more than one statement shares that year (e.g. a -- census and an estimate both dated the same year), the later one found -- wins -- an arbitrary but deterministic tie-break, since nothing here can -- tell which one an editor would consider "the" figure for that year. local function getWdPopulationForYear(year) if not year then return nil end local match = nil for _, entry in ipairs(getWdPopulationStatements()) do if entry.year == year then match = entry end end return match and match.amount or nil end -- Computed LTS-per-capita fallback ("yn dooinney"): when there's no manual -- value and no Wikidata P2132 statement at all, GDP total divided by -- population -- but ONLY when Wikidata has a population figure for the -- EXACT SAME year as the GDP total being used. No citation is attached: a -- computed ratio isn't one citable statement, same precedent as -- pobble.lua's own population-density calculation. Scope: the nominal -- ("ennymagh") block only, matching your own wording ("LTS per capita") -- -- not the PPP (CCC) block, which you didn't mention and which -- conventionally isn't derived this way on enwiki either. local function computeGdpPerCapita(total, decimals) if not total or not total.number then return nil end local year = total.year and tonumber(total.year:match("%-?%d+")) if not year then return nil end local population = getWdPopulationForYear(year) if not population or population <= 0 then return nil end local value = total.number / population return { str = formatNumber(value, decimals), number = value, year = total.year, trend = nil, citation = nil, unitQid = total.unitQid, } end -- One "total + per-capita" block (CCC/PPP or LTS/nominal): a top row with -- the block's own year, then "Yn clane"/"Yn dooinney" bullet sub-rows -- -- matching the old template's own two labels, just on the project's -- established 2-column grid instead of its old 3-column one. local function buildGdpBlock(args, frame, spec) local totalStatements = getWdQuantityStatements(spec.totalProperty) local percapitaStatements = getWdQuantityStatements(spec.percapitaProperty) local total = resolveQuantityField(args, spec.totalNames, spec.yearNames, spec.totalProperty, totalStatements, 0) local percapita = resolveQuantityField(args, spec.percapitaNames, spec.yearNames, spec.percapitaProperty, percapitaStatements, 0) -- Computed fallback (nominal/"ennymagh" block only -- see -- computeGdpPerCapita's own comment). Only when there's genuinely no -- manual value and no Wikidata statement at all: percapita == nil, -- never "none" -- a manual |..._dooinney=none must still suppress the -- row rather than being replaced by a computed one. if percapita == nil and spec.populationFallback and type(total) == "table" then percapita = computeGdpPerCapita(total, 0) end local totalShown = type(total) == "table" local percapitaShown = type(percapita) == "table" if not totalShown and not percapitaShown then return nil end local year = getManual(args, spec.yearNames) or (totalShown and total.year) or (percapitaShown and percapita.year) local rows = {} local headerLabel = getManual(args, spec.headerOverrideNames) or spec.headerLabel table.insert(rows, string.format(ROW, trClass("mergedtoprow"), headerLabel, year and ("Ooley&nbsp;" .. year) or "")) local items = {} if totalShown then local rhenk = getManual(args, spec.totalRhenkNames) local ref = getManual(args, spec.totalRefNames) local note = getManual(args, spec.totalNoteNames) -- Symbol from THIS statement's own currency (never assumed) -- -- manual entries carry no unit data, so no symbol unless the -- editor includes one themselves in the manual value. local symbol = getWdUnitSymbol(total.unitQid) or "" local value = (total.trend and trendArrow(total.trend) or "") .. symbol .. formatGdpDisplay(total, true) .. "&nbsp;" if rhenk then value = value .. "([[" .. spec.totalRhenkLink .. "|" .. rhenk .. "]]) " end if total.citation then value = value .. total.citation end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) table.insert(items, {"Yn clane", value}) end if percapitaShown then local rhenk = getManual(args, spec.percapitaRhenkNames) local ref = getManual(args, spec.percapitaRefNames) local note = getManual(args, spec.percapitaNoteNames) local symbol = getWdUnitSymbol(percapita.unitQid) or "" -- Per-capita stays a plain grouped number, matching enwiki's own -- convention (only the TOTAL gets abbreviated to trillion/billion/ -- million/thousand words). local value = (percapita.trend and trendArrow(percapita.trend) or "") .. symbol .. formatGdpDisplay(percapita, false) .. "&nbsp;" if rhenk then value = value .. "([[" .. spec.percapitaRhenkLink .. "|" .. rhenk .. "]]) " end if percapita.citation then value = value .. percapita.citation end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) table.insert(items, {"Yn dooinney", value}) end appendIndentRun(rows, items) return table.concat(rows) end -- HDI (ALD) bands: thresholds, Manx labels, and font colours exactly as -- given directly by you. local function classifyHdiBand(value) if not value then return nil end if value >= 0.800 then return "feer ard", "darkgreen" end if value >= 0.700 then return "ard", "green" end if value >= 0.550 then return "meanagh", "orange" end return "injil", "red" end -- Gini can be recorded as either a 0-1 fraction or a 0-100 percentage on -- Wikidata (and by a manual override) -- normalise to a fraction first so -- the same thresholds apply regardless of which scale the source used. local function normalizeGiniFraction(value) if value > 1 then return value / 100 end return value end -- Gini bands: thresholds, Manx labels, and font colours exactly as given -- directly by you. The medium band is the closed interval [0.30, 0.40] -- -- low is strictly below it, high strictly above -- so the three bands -- partition the whole range with no gap and no overlap. local function classifyGiniBand(value) if not value then return nil end local fraction = normalizeGiniFraction(value) if fraction < 0.30 then return "anchorrymid injil", "green" end if fraction <= 0.40 then return "anchorrymid veanagh", "dimgray" end return "anchorrymid ard", "red" end -- One flat label+value row (Gini, ALD): matches the old template's shape -- but on the project's established 2-column ROW grid, not its old -- colspan="2"-label-plus-separate-value-cell layout. local function buildSingleRow(args, frame, spec) local statements = getWdQuantityStatements(spec.property) local field = resolveQuantityField(args, spec.valueNames, spec.yearNames, spec.property, statements, spec.decimals) if not field or field == "none" then return nil end local label = getManual(args, spec.headerOverrideNames) or spec.headerLabel local year = getManual(args, spec.yearNames) or field.year if year then label = label .. "&nbsp;(" .. year .. ")" end local rhenk = getManual(args, spec.rhenkNames) local ref = getManual(args, spec.refNames) local note = getManual(args, spec.noteNames) -- Band: a manual value always wins outright, including -- |..._ronney=none to suppress the band entirely (same manual-beats- -- everything philosophy as the rest of this module, e.g. Slovakia's -- motto override) -- in neither case does it fall through to automatic -- classification. Only with no manual value at all does the band get -- computed automatically from whatever number is actually being -- shown, whether that number came from Wikidata or a manual override. local rawBand = spec.bandNames and getManual(args, spec.bandNames) local band, bandColor if rawBand then if not isNone(rawBand) then band = rawBand end elseif spec.classifyBand and field.number then band, bandColor = spec.classifyBand(field.number) end local value = (field.trend and trendArrow(field.trend) or "") .. field.str .. "&nbsp;" if band then local bandText = bandColor and ('<span style="color:' .. bandColor .. ';">' .. band .. "</span>") or band value = value .. "(" .. bandText .. ")&nbsp;" end if rhenk then value = value .. "([[" .. spec.rhenkLink .. "|" .. rhenk .. "]]) " end if field.citation then value = value .. field.citation end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) return string.format(ROW, "", label, value) end -- One "name ($) (CODE)" line for a single currency item. local function buildCurrencyLine(qid, codeOverride) local nameStr = getCurrencyLink(qid) if not nameStr then return nil end local symbol = getWdUnitSymbol(qid) local codeStr = codeOverride or getWdForeignPropertyRaw(qid, ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) local line = nameStr if symbol then line = line .. " (" .. symbol .. ")" end if codeStr then line = line .. " (<code>[[ISO 4217|" .. codeStr .. "]]</code>)" end return line end local function buildCurrencyRow(args, frame) local nameManual = getManual(args, {"argid"}) local codeManual = getManual(args, {"coad_argid"}) local ref = getManual(args, {"imraa_argid"}) local note = getManual(args, {"noteyn_argid"}) local headerLabel = getManual(args, {"sorçh_argid"}) or "[[Argid cadjin|Argid]]" if isNone(nameManual) then return nil end local value if nameManual then -- Manual text passes through as typed, matching every other -- manual value in this module -- no auto symbol/code guessing. value = nameManual if codeManual then value = value .. " (<code>[[ISO 4217|" .. codeManual .. "]]</code>)" end else -- Every P38 currency (a country can use more than one), each its -- own line -- not just the single "best" one. local currencyQids = getWdRawPropertyIds(CURRENCY_PROPERTY) if #currencyQids == 0 then return nil end local lines = {} for _, qid in ipairs(currencyQids) do local line = buildCurrencyLine(qid, #currencyQids == 1 and codeManual or nil) if line then table.insert(lines, line) end end if #lines == 0 then return nil end value = table.concat(lines, "<br/>") end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) return string.format(ROW, "", headerLabel, value) end function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() end local rows = {} -- Old template order: PPP (CCK/CCC) block first, nominal (ennymagh) -- second, then Gini, ALD, Currency. local cccBlock = buildGdpBlock(args, frame, { totalNames = {"ccc", "LTS_CCK"}, percapitaNames = {"ccc_dooinney", "LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney"}, yearNames = {"blein_ccc", "blein_LTS_CCK"}, totalRhenkNames = {"rhenk_ccc", "rhenk_LTS_CCK"}, percapitaRhenkNames = {"rhenk_ccc_dooinney", "rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney"}, totalRefNames = {"imraa_ccc"}, totalNoteNames = {"noteyn_ccc"}, percapitaRefNames = {"imraa_ccc_dooinney"}, percapitaNoteNames = {"noteyn_ccc_dooinney"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_ccc"}, headerLabel = "[[Lane troar sthie|LTS]]&nbsp;(CCC)", totalProperty = GDP_PPP_TOTAL, percapitaProperty = GDP_PPP_PERCAPITA, totalRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (CCC)", percapitaRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (CCC) yn dooinney", }) appendSection(rows, cccBlock and {cccBlock} or nil) local ltsBlock = buildGdpBlock(args, frame, { totalNames = {"lts_ennymagh", "LTS_ennymagh"}, percapitaNames = {"lts_ennymagh_dooinney", "LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney"}, yearNames = {"blein_lts_ennymagh", "blein_LTS_ennymagh"}, totalRhenkNames = {"rhenk_lts_ennymagh", "rhenk_LTS_ennymagh"}, percapitaRhenkNames = {"rhenk_lts_ennymagh_dooinney", "rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney"}, totalRefNames = {"imraa_lts_ennymagh"}, totalNoteNames = {"noteyn_lts_ennymagh"}, percapitaRefNames = {"imraa_lts_ennymagh_dooinney"}, percapitaNoteNames = {"noteyn_lts_ennymagh_dooinney"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_lts_ennymagh"}, headerLabel = "[[Lane troar sthie|LTS]]&nbsp;(ennymagh)", totalProperty = GDP_NOMINAL_TOTAL, percapitaProperty = GDP_NOMINAL_PERCAPITA, totalRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (ennymagh)", percapitaRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (ennymagh) yn dooinney", populationFallback = true, }) appendSection(rows, ltsBlock and {ltsBlock} or nil) local giniRow = buildSingleRow(args, frame, { valueNames = {"gini", "Gini"}, yearNames = {"blein_gini", "blein_Gini"}, bandNames = {"ronney_gini", "ronney_Gini"}, rhenkNames = {"rhenk_gini", "rhenk_Gini"}, refNames = {"imraa_gini"}, noteNames = {"noteyn_gini"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_gini"}, headerLabel = "[[Co-effaght Gini|Gini]]", rhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere co-chormid çheet stiagh", property = GINI_PROPERTY, decimals = 1, classifyBand = classifyGiniBand, }) appendSection(rows, giniRow and {giniRow} or nil) local aldRow = buildSingleRow(args, frame, { valueNames = {"ald", "ALD"}, yearNames = {"blein_ald", "blein_ALD"}, bandNames = {"ronney_ald", "ronney_ALD"}, rhenkNames = {"rhenk_ald", "rhenk_ALD"}, refNames = {"imraa_ald"}, noteNames = {"noteyn_ald"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_ald"}, headerLabel = "[[Ayndagh Lhiasaghey Deiney|ALD]]", rhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere Ayndagh Lhiasaghey Deiney", property = HDI_PROPERTY, decimals = 3, classifyBand = classifyHdiBand, }) appendSection(rows, aldRow and {aldRow} or nil) local currencyRow = buildCurrencyRow(args, frame) appendSection(rows, currencyRow and {currencyRow} or nil) if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 4jlpzao5ucj19bgnli13j3zzqxi04em 393289 393288 2026-09-15T15:14:35Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393289 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Wikidata properties, verified individually before use (never guessed): -- P2131/P2132 nominal GDP total/per-capita, P4010/P2299 PPP GDP -- total/per-capita, P1125 Gini, P1081 HDI, P38 currency, P498 ISO 4217 code. local GDP_NOMINAL_TOTAL = "P2131" local GDP_NOMINAL_PERCAPITA = "P2132" local GDP_PPP_TOTAL = "P4010" local GDP_PPP_PERCAPITA = "P2299" local GINI_PROPERTY = "P1125" local HDI_PROPERTY = "P1081" local CURRENCY_PROPERTY = "P38" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P498" local UNIT_SYMBOL_PROPERTY = "P5061" -- confirmed against Module:WikidataIB's own usage -- P1082 population -- not a new lookup: this is the exact same property -- Module:Kishtey fys çheer/pobble already reads for its own census/ -- estimate rows, reused here (independently, per this project's -- per-submodule duplication convention) only for the LTS-per-capita -- computed fallback below. local POPULATION_PROPERTY = "P1082" local wdOK, Wd = pcall(require, "Module:Wd") local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function isNone(value) return value ~= nil and mw.text.trim(value):lower() == "none" end local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end -- Capitalizes via the content language's own ucfirst (UTF-8/digraph-safe), -- not a plain Lua upper() on byte 1. Duplicated from reiltys.lua. local function wikiUcfirst(text) if not text or text == "" then return text end local ok, result = pcall(function() return mw.language.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(text) end) if ok and result and result ~= "" then return result end return text end -- Capitalizes the first letter a reader actually sees, even through a -- leading wikilink or external-link marker (getCurrencyLink's two linked -- shapes) -- Wikidata labels are commonly stored lower-case. Never applied -- to manual values. local function capitalizeFirstLetter(text) if not text or text == "" then return text end if text:match("^%[%[") then local closePos = text:find("%]%]", 3, true) local pipePos = text:find("|", 1, true) local splitPos if pipePos and (not closePos or pipePos < closePos) then splitPos = pipePos else splitPos = 2 end return text:sub(1, splitPos) .. wikiUcfirst(text:sub(splitPos + 1)) elseif text:match("^%[https?://") then local spacePos = text:find(" ", 2, true) if spacePos then return text:sub(1, spacePos) .. wikiUcfirst(text:sub(spacePos + 1)) end return text end return wikiUcfirst(text) end local function applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if not value then return value end if note and note ~= "" and frame then value = value .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end if ref and ref ~= "" then value = value .. wrapReference(ref) end return value end -- Same row grid as reiltys/pobble: ROW is a plain label+value row, SUBROW a -- bulleted sub-item beneath a shared block. local ROW = '<tr%s><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</th><td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</td></tr>' local SUBROW = '<tr%s><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.9em; padding-right:0.4em;">•&nbsp;%s</th><td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; padding-right:0.4em;">%s</td></tr>' local function trClass(name) if name and name ~= "" then return ' class="' .. name .. '"' end return "" end local function appendIndentRun(rows, items) for idx, item in ipairs(items) do local class = (idx == #items) and "mergedbottomrow" or "mergedrow" table.insert(rows, string.format(SUBROW, trClass(class), item[1], item[2])) end end -- Divider between this module's own internal blocks (CCC / LTS / Gini / -- ALD / Argid) -- same rule as reiltys: only between two blocks that both -- produced rows. local dividerLine = '<tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0; height:0px;"></td></tr>' local function appendSection(rows, sectionRows) if sectionRows and #sectionRows > 0 then if #rows > 0 then table.insert(rows, dividerLine) end for _, row in ipairs(sectionRows) do table.insert(rows, row) end end end local function formatNumber(n, decimals) decimals = decimals or 2 local isNeg = n < 0 n = math.abs(n) local formatted = string.format("%." .. decimals .. "f", n) if formatted:find("%.") then formatted = formatted:gsub("0+$", ""):gsub("%.$", "") end local intPart, decPart = formatted:match("^(%d+)%.?(%d*)$") local grouped = intPart:reverse():gsub("(%d%d%d)", "%1,"):reverse():gsub("^,", "") local result = (decPart and decPart ~= "") and (grouped .. "." .. decPart) or grouped return isNeg and ("-" .. result) or result end -- Large-number Manx words, as given directly by you. Applied only to GDP -- TOTAL figures (not per-capita, not Gini/ALD) -- matching enwiki's own -- convention of abbreviating a total ("$32.384 trillion") while showing -- per-capita in full ("$94,430"). local SCALE_WORDS = { {1e12, "trillioon"}, {1e9, "billoon"}, {1e6, "millioon"}, {1e3, "thousane"}, } local function abbreviateNumber(n) for _, scale in ipairs(SCALE_WORDS) do local threshold, word = scale[1], scale[2] if math.abs(n) >= threshold then return formatNumber(n / threshold, 3) .. "&nbsp;" .. word end end return formatNumber(n, 0) end -- Splits a manual numeric value into {number, tail}: strips comma -- separators, then takes the leading numeric run. Anything left over (an -- inline <ref>...</ref> -- already a UNIQ strip marker by the time this -- module sees it -- or other trailing text) is kept, not discarded: the -- OLD template had no separate citation parameter for these fields, so on -- the existing 200+ articles a citation was the editor's only option -- directly inside the value itself, e.g. -- |LTS_ennymagh = 28,750,956,130,000<ref>...</ref>. Without this split, -- tonumber() on the whole string fails outright and the value falls back -- to unabbreviated raw text -- which is exactly what a plain -- comma-stripped tonumber() was doing before this fix. local function splitManualNumber(text) local stripped = text:gsub(",", "") local numStr, tail = stripped:match("^(%-?%d+%.?%d*)(.*)$") if not numStr then return nil, nil end tail = mw.text.trim(tail) return tonumber(numStr), tail ~= "" and tail or nil end -- Applies to a GDP field's own number, whether manual or Wikidata-sourced -- -- unlike every other manual value in this module, a manual GDP figure -- IS reformatted (scaled/grouped), since the whole point of this feature -- is the number's presentation, not just its source. `field.str` (the -- manual text as typed) is the fallback only for the rare manual value -- that doesn't parse as a plain number at all. Any trailing text captured -- alongside the number (typically an inline citation) is preserved -- immediately after the reformatted number. local function formatGdpDisplay(field, abbreviate) if not field.number then return field.str end local numStr = abbreviate and abbreviateNumber(field.number) or formatNumber(field.number, 0) if field.tail then return numStr .. field.tail end return numStr end -- Colour-coded, per your explicit instruction for this section (population -- deliberately uses no colour -- a separate, earlier decision that does -- NOT generalise here). local function trendArrow(direction) if direction == "up" then return '<span title="Ardjaghey" style="color:green;">▲</span>' elseif direction == "down" then return '<span title="Leodaghey" style="color:red;">▼</span>' elseif direction == "steady" then return '<span title="Corrym" style="color:blue;">—</span>' end return "" end -- All non-deprecated statements of a quantity property, reduced to -- {amount, rawAmount, year}, sorted ascending by year. local function getWdQuantityStatements(property) local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local results = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "quantity" then local rawAmount = mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount local amount = tonumber(rawAmount) local timeQuals = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P585 local timeSnak = timeQuals and timeQuals[1] local timeValue = timeSnak and timeSnak.datavalue and timeSnak.datavalue.value local year = timeValue and timeValue.time and tonumber(timeValue.time:match("(%-?%d+)%-")) -- The statement's OWN currency/unit (e.g. a specific country's -- dollar, not necessarily USD) -- never assumed, always read off -- this exact statement. Dimensionless properties (Gini, HDI) -- simply never match "Q%d+$" here and stay nil. local unitQid = mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit and mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit:match("Q%d+$") if amount then table.insert(results, { amount = amount, rawAmount = rawAmount and rawAmount:gsub("^%+", ""), year = year, unitQid = unitQid, }) end end end table.sort(results, function(a, b) return (a.year or 0) < (b.year or 0) end) return results end -- Compares `number` against whichever fetched statement is the closest one -- strictly before `year` -- or, with no year, the single most recent -- statement -- even when that statement isn't itself shown as a row. Used -- for both manual and Wikidata-sourced values alike. local function trendAgainstWikidata(number, year, allEntries) if not number or not allEntries or #allEntries == 0 then return nil end local prev = nil for _, entry in ipairs(allEntries) do if year then if entry.year and entry.year < year and (not prev or entry.year > prev.year) then prev = entry end elseif not prev or (entry.year or 0) > (prev.year or 0) then prev = entry end end if not prev then return nil end if number > prev.amount then return "up" end if number < prev.amount then return "down" end return "steady" end local function getWdReferenceForValue(property, rawAmount) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._reference or not rawAmount then return nil end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._reference, {"best", property, rawAmount}) if ok and result and result ~= "" then return result end return nil end -- Raw QIDs of EVERY value of an entity-valued property on the current -- page's own item -- e.g. every P38 (currency) statement, for a country -- using more than one. local function getWdRawPropertyIds(property) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._properties then return {} end local ok, result = pcall(Wd._properties, {"raw", property}) if not ok or not result or type(result) ~= "string" or result == "" then return {} end local ids = {} for id in result:gmatch("Q%d+") do table.insert(ids, id) end return ids end -- Raw value of a property on a FOREIGN Wikidata item (e.g. P498 on the -- currency item, not the country's own item) -- same eid-keyed pattern as -- reiltys.lua's getWdRawForeignPropertyIds, singular version. local function getWdForeignPropertyRaw(eid, property) if not wdOK or not Wd or not Wd._property or not eid then return nil end local callArgs = {"raw", "best", property} callArgs[Wd.args and Wd.args.eid or "eid"] = eid local ok, result = pcall(Wd._property, callArgs) if ok and result and type(result) == "string" and result ~= "" then return result end return nil end -- The short symbol (e.g. "$") of a currency/unit item, via P5061 -- read -- directly off mw.wikibase (a monolingualtext value, so Wd's plain-string -- commands don't fit), same technique as Module:WikidataIB. Prefers a -- language-neutral ("mul") or English value; falls back to whichever -- language is available rather than showing nothing. local function getWdUnitSymbol(unitQid) if not unitQid then return nil end local ok, statements = pcall(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, unitQid, UNIT_SYMBOL_PROPERTY) if not ok or not statements then return nil end local fallback = nil for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak local value = mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "mul" or value.language == "en" then return value.text end fallback = fallback or value.text end end return fallback end -- Manx sitelink -> Manx label (redlink) -> English (or other) label with a -- language marker, linked to Wikidata directly. Capitalized -- Wikidata -- labels are commonly stored lower-case ("dollar ny Steatyn Unnaneysit"), -- but this is always the first word of the field. local function getCurrencyLink(qid) local sitelinkOk, sitelink = pcall(mw.wikibase.getSitelink, qid, "gvwiki") local labelOk, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) local link if sitelinkOk and sitelink then local displayText = (labelOk and lang == "gv" and label) or sitelink if displayText ~= sitelink then link = "[[" .. sitelink .. "|" .. displayText .. "]]" else link = "[[" .. sitelink .. "]]" end elseif labelOk and label and lang == "gv" then link = "[[" .. label .. "]]" elseif labelOk and label then link = "[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. qid .. "?uselang=gv " .. label .. "] <small>(" .. lang .. ")</small>" end return link and capitalizeFirstLetter(link) or nil end -- Resolves one quantity field: a manual override (or "none" suppression) -- wins outright; otherwise the latest non-deprecated Wikidata statement. -- Returns "none" (suppressed), nil (no data), or a table -- {str, number, year, trend, citation}. local function resolveQuantityField(args, names, yearNames, property, statements, decimals) local manual = getManual(args, names) if manual then if isNone(manual) then return "none" end -- splitManualNumber (not a plain tonumber) so a manual value with -- trailing content -- typically an inline <ref>, already a UNIQ -- strip marker by the time this module sees it, since the OLD -- template had no separate citation parameter for these fields -- -- still parses as a number instead of falling back to raw, -- unformatted text. The trailing content itself is preserved via -- `tail`, not discarded. local number, tail = splitManualNumber(manual) local year = yearNames and getManual(args, yearNames) local parsedYear = year and tonumber(year:match("%-?%d+")) local trend = trendAgainstWikidata(number, parsedYear, statements) return {str = manual, number = number, tail = tail, year = year, trend = trend, citation = nil} end local latest = nil for _, entry in ipairs(statements) do if not latest or (entry.year or 0) > (latest.year or 0) then latest = entry end end if not latest then return nil end local trend = trendAgainstWikidata(latest.amount, latest.year, statements) local citation = getWdReferenceForValue(property, latest.rawAmount) return { str = formatNumber(latest.amount, decimals), number = latest.amount, year = latest.year and tostring(latest.year) or nil, trend = trend, citation = citation, unitQid = latest.unitQid, } end -- All non-deprecated P1082 (population) statements on the current page's -- own item, reduced to {amount, year} -- a smaller duplicate of -- pobble.lua's own getWdPopulationStatements (kept independent, per this -- project's per-submodule convention), since all this module needs is a -- population figure for one specific year, not census/estimate -- classification. local function getWdPopulationStatements() local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(POPULATION_PROPERTY) if not statements then return {} end local results = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue and mainsnak.datavalue.type == "quantity" then local amount = tonumber(mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount) local timeQuals = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers.P585 local timeSnak = timeQuals and timeQuals[1] local timeValue = timeSnak and timeSnak.datavalue and timeSnak.datavalue.value local year = timeValue and timeValue.time and tonumber(timeValue.time:match("(%-?%d+)%-")) if amount and year then table.insert(results, {amount = amount, year = year}) end end end return results end -- The population figure for an EXACT year, or nil if Wikidata has none for -- that year -- deliberately no nearest-year fallback, per your own -- instruction that the population year must match the GDP year, not just -- be close to it. When more than one statement shares that year (e.g. a -- census and an estimate both dated the same year), the later one found -- wins -- an arbitrary but deterministic tie-break, since nothing here can -- tell which one an editor would consider "the" figure for that year. local function getWdPopulationForYear(year) if not year then return nil end local match = nil for _, entry in ipairs(getWdPopulationStatements()) do if entry.year == year then match = entry end end return match and match.amount or nil end -- Computed LTS-per-capita fallback ("yn dooinney"): when there's no manual -- value and no Wikidata P2132 statement at all, GDP total divided by -- population -- but ONLY when Wikidata has a population figure for the -- EXACT SAME year as the GDP total being used. No citation is attached: a -- computed ratio isn't one citable statement, same precedent as -- pobble.lua's own population-density calculation. Scope: the nominal -- ("ennymagh") block only, matching your own wording ("LTS per capita") -- -- not the PPP (CCC) block, which you didn't mention and which -- conventionally isn't derived this way on enwiki either. local function computeGdpPerCapita(total, decimals) if not total or not total.number then return nil end local year = total.year and tonumber(total.year:match("%-?%d+")) if not year then return nil end local population = getWdPopulationForYear(year) if not population or population <= 0 then return nil end local value = total.number / population return { str = formatNumber(value, decimals), number = value, year = total.year, trend = nil, citation = nil, unitQid = total.unitQid, } end -- One "total + per-capita" block (CCC/PPP or LTS/nominal): a top row with -- the block's own year, then "Yn clane"/"Yn dooinney" bullet sub-rows -- -- matching the old template's own two labels, just on the project's -- established 2-column grid instead of its old 3-column one. local function buildGdpBlock(args, frame, spec) local totalStatements = getWdQuantityStatements(spec.totalProperty) local percapitaStatements = getWdQuantityStatements(spec.percapitaProperty) local total = resolveQuantityField(args, spec.totalNames, spec.yearNames, spec.totalProperty, totalStatements, 0) local percapita = resolveQuantityField(args, spec.percapitaNames, spec.yearNames, spec.percapitaProperty, percapitaStatements, 0) -- Computed fallback (nominal/"ennymagh" block only -- see -- computeGdpPerCapita's own comment). Only when there's genuinely no -- manual value and no Wikidata statement at all: percapita == nil, -- never "none" -- a manual |..._dooinney=none must still suppress the -- row rather than being replaced by a computed one. if percapita == nil and spec.populationFallback and type(total) == "table" then percapita = computeGdpPerCapita(total, 0) end local totalShown = type(total) == "table" local percapitaShown = type(percapita) == "table" if not totalShown and not percapitaShown then return nil end local year = getManual(args, spec.yearNames) or (totalShown and total.year) or (percapitaShown and percapita.year) local rows = {} local headerLabel = getManual(args, spec.headerOverrideNames) or spec.headerLabel table.insert(rows, string.format(ROW, trClass("mergedtoprow"), headerLabel, year and ("Ooley&nbsp;" .. year) or "")) local items = {} if totalShown then local rhenk = getManual(args, spec.totalRhenkNames) local ref = getManual(args, spec.totalRefNames) local note = getManual(args, spec.totalNoteNames) -- Symbol from THIS statement's own currency (never assumed) -- -- manual entries carry no unit data, so no symbol unless the -- editor includes one themselves in the manual value. local symbol = getWdUnitSymbol(total.unitQid) or "" local value = (total.trend and trendArrow(total.trend) or "") .. symbol .. formatGdpDisplay(total, true) .. "&nbsp;" if rhenk then value = value .. "([[" .. spec.totalRhenkLink .. "|" .. rhenk .. "]]) " end if total.citation then value = value .. total.citation end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) table.insert(items, {"Yn clane", value}) end if percapitaShown then local rhenk = getManual(args, spec.percapitaRhenkNames) local ref = getManual(args, spec.percapitaRefNames) local note = getManual(args, spec.percapitaNoteNames) local symbol = getWdUnitSymbol(percapita.unitQid) or "" -- Per-capita stays a plain grouped number, matching enwiki's own -- convention (only the TOTAL gets abbreviated to trillion/billion/ -- million/thousand words). local value = (percapita.trend and trendArrow(percapita.trend) or "") .. symbol .. formatGdpDisplay(percapita, false) .. "&nbsp;" if rhenk then value = value .. "([[" .. spec.percapitaRhenkLink .. "|" .. rhenk .. "]]) " end if percapita.citation then value = value .. percapita.citation end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) table.insert(items, {"Yn dooinney", value}) end appendIndentRun(rows, items) return table.concat(rows) end -- HDI (ALD) bands: thresholds, Manx labels, and font colours exactly as -- given directly by you. local function classifyHdiBand(value) if not value then return nil end if value >= 0.800 then return "feer ard", "darkgreen" end if value >= 0.700 then return "ard", "green" end if value >= 0.550 then return "meanagh", "orange" end return "injil", "red" end -- Gini can be recorded as either a 0-1 fraction or a 0-100 percentage on -- Wikidata (and by a manual override) -- normalise to a fraction first so -- the same thresholds apply regardless of which scale the source used. local function normalizeGiniFraction(value) if value > 1 then return value / 100 end return value end -- Gini bands: thresholds, Manx labels, and font colours exactly as given -- directly by you. The medium band is the closed interval [0.30, 0.40] -- -- low is strictly below it, high strictly above -- so the three bands -- partition the whole range with no gap and no overlap. local function classifyGiniBand(value) if not value then return nil end local fraction = normalizeGiniFraction(value) if fraction < 0.30 then return "anchorrymid injil", "green" end if fraction <= 0.40 then return "anchorrymid veanagh", "dimgray" end return "anchorrymid ard", "red" end -- One flat label+value row (Gini, ALD): matches the old template's shape -- but on the project's established 2-column ROW grid, not its old -- colspan="2"-label-plus-separate-value-cell layout. local function buildSingleRow(args, frame, spec) local statements = getWdQuantityStatements(spec.property) local field = resolveQuantityField(args, spec.valueNames, spec.yearNames, spec.property, statements, spec.decimals) if not field or field == "none" then return nil end local label = getManual(args, spec.headerOverrideNames) or spec.headerLabel local year = getManual(args, spec.yearNames) or field.year if year then label = label .. "&nbsp;(" .. year .. ")" end local rhenk = getManual(args, spec.rhenkNames) local ref = getManual(args, spec.refNames) local note = getManual(args, spec.noteNames) -- Band: a manual value always wins outright, including -- |..._ronney=none to suppress the band entirely (same manual-beats- -- everything philosophy as the rest of this module, e.g. Slovakia's -- motto override) -- in neither case does it fall through to automatic -- classification. Only with no manual value at all does the band get -- computed automatically from whatever number is actually being -- shown, whether that number came from Wikidata or a manual override. local rawBand = spec.bandNames and getManual(args, spec.bandNames) local band, bandColor if rawBand then if not isNone(rawBand) then band = rawBand end elseif spec.classifyBand and field.number then band, bandColor = spec.classifyBand(field.number) end local value = (field.trend and trendArrow(field.trend) or "") .. field.str .. "&nbsp;" if rhenk then value = value .. "([[" .. spec.rhenkLink .. "|" .. rhenk .. "]]) " end if field.citation then value = value .. field.citation end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if band then local bandText = bandColor and ('<span style="color:' .. bandColor .. ';">' .. band .. "</span>") or band value = value .. '<div>(' .. bandText .. ')</div>' end return string.format(ROW, "", label, value) end -- One "name ($) (CODE)" line for a single currency item. local function buildCurrencyLine(qid, codeOverride) local nameStr = getCurrencyLink(qid) if not nameStr then return nil end local symbol = getWdUnitSymbol(qid) local codeStr = codeOverride or getWdForeignPropertyRaw(qid, ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) local line = nameStr if symbol then line = line .. " (" .. symbol .. ")" end if codeStr then line = line .. " (<code>[[ISO 4217|" .. codeStr .. "]]</code>)" end return line end local function buildCurrencyRow(args, frame) local nameManual = getManual(args, {"argid"}) local codeManual = getManual(args, {"coad_argid"}) local ref = getManual(args, {"imraa_argid"}) local note = getManual(args, {"noteyn_argid"}) local headerLabel = getManual(args, {"sorçh_argid"}) or "[[Argid cadjin|Argid]]" if isNone(nameManual) then return nil end local value if nameManual then -- Manual text passes through as typed, matching every other -- manual value in this module -- no auto symbol/code guessing. value = nameManual if codeManual then value = value .. " (<code>[[ISO 4217|" .. codeManual .. "]]</code>)" end else -- Every P38 currency (a country can use more than one), each its -- own line -- not just the single "best" one. local currencyQids = getWdRawPropertyIds(CURRENCY_PROPERTY) if #currencyQids == 0 then return nil end local lines = {} for _, qid in ipairs(currencyQids) do local line = buildCurrencyLine(qid, #currencyQids == 1 and codeManual or nil) if line then table.insert(lines, line) end end if #lines == 0 then return nil end value = table.concat(lines, "<br/>") end value = applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) return string.format(ROW, "", headerLabel, value) end function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() end local rows = {} -- Old template order: PPP (CCK/CCC) block first, nominal (ennymagh) -- second, then Gini, ALD, Currency. local cccBlock = buildGdpBlock(args, frame, { totalNames = {"ccc", "LTS_CCK"}, percapitaNames = {"ccc_dooinney", "LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney"}, yearNames = {"blein_ccc", "blein_LTS_CCK"}, totalRhenkNames = {"rhenk_ccc", "rhenk_LTS_CCK"}, percapitaRhenkNames = {"rhenk_ccc_dooinney", "rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney"}, totalRefNames = {"imraa_ccc"}, totalNoteNames = {"noteyn_ccc"}, percapitaRefNames = {"imraa_ccc_dooinney"}, percapitaNoteNames = {"noteyn_ccc_dooinney"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_ccc"}, headerLabel = "[[Lane troar sthie|LTS]]&nbsp;(CCC)", totalProperty = GDP_PPP_TOTAL, percapitaProperty = GDP_PPP_PERCAPITA, totalRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (CCC)", percapitaRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (CCC) yn dooinney", }) appendSection(rows, cccBlock and {cccBlock} or nil) local ltsBlock = buildGdpBlock(args, frame, { totalNames = {"lts_ennymagh", "LTS_ennymagh"}, percapitaNames = {"lts_ennymagh_dooinney", "LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney"}, yearNames = {"blein_lts_ennymagh", "blein_LTS_ennymagh"}, totalRhenkNames = {"rhenk_lts_ennymagh", "rhenk_LTS_ennymagh"}, percapitaRhenkNames = {"rhenk_lts_ennymagh_dooinney", "rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney"}, totalRefNames = {"imraa_lts_ennymagh"}, totalNoteNames = {"noteyn_lts_ennymagh"}, percapitaRefNames = {"imraa_lts_ennymagh_dooinney"}, percapitaNoteNames = {"noteyn_lts_ennymagh_dooinney"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_lts_ennymagh"}, headerLabel = "[[Lane troar sthie|LTS]]&nbsp;(ennymagh)", totalProperty = GDP_NOMINAL_TOTAL, percapitaProperty = GDP_NOMINAL_PERCAPITA, totalRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (ennymagh)", percapitaRhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere LTS (ennymagh) yn dooinney", populationFallback = true, }) appendSection(rows, ltsBlock and {ltsBlock} or nil) local giniRow = buildSingleRow(args, frame, { valueNames = {"gini", "Gini"}, yearNames = {"blein_gini", "blein_Gini"}, bandNames = {"ronney_gini", "ronney_Gini"}, rhenkNames = {"rhenk_gini", "rhenk_Gini"}, refNames = {"imraa_gini"}, noteNames = {"noteyn_gini"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_gini"}, headerLabel = "[[Co-effaght Gini|Gini]]", rhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere co-chormid çheet stiagh", property = GINI_PROPERTY, decimals = 1, classifyBand = classifyGiniBand, }) appendSection(rows, giniRow and {giniRow} or nil) local aldRow = buildSingleRow(args, frame, { valueNames = {"ald", "ALD"}, yearNames = {"blein_ald", "blein_ALD"}, bandNames = {"ronney_ald", "ronney_ALD"}, rhenkNames = {"rhenk_ald", "rhenk_ALD"}, refNames = {"imraa_ald"}, noteNames = {"noteyn_ald"}, headerOverrideNames = {"sorçh_ald"}, headerLabel = "[[Ayndagh Lhiasaghey Deiney|ALD]]", rhenkLink = "Rolley çheeraghyn rere Ayndagh Lhiasaghey Deiney", property = HDI_PROPERTY, decimals = 3, classifyBand = classifyHdiBand, }) appendSection(rows, aldRow and {aldRow} or nil) local currencyRow = buildCurrencyRow(args, frame) appendSection(rows, currencyRow and {currencyRow} or nil) if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 2pzg5gebuto741slltgexkztzzy2587 828 55892 393290 2026-09-15T16:01:04Z MacTire02 219 moddyl noa 393290 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, use the first -- ordinary timezone statement as the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- The timezone item label itself normally contains the UTC -- offset (e.g. UTC+01:00). Keep the label, but shorten -- :00 for the compact infobox presentation. label = label:gsub(":00$", "") local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813") if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return label .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return label end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">Summer (DST) " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode(url:gsub("^https?://", "")) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- local timezone = getManual(args, {"traa_y_coadyn", "traa"}) or buildTimezone() if timezone then table.insert(rows, buildRow("Traa", timezone)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert(rows, buildRow("Date format", dateFormat)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert(rows, buildRow("Calling code", callingCode)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "ISO 3166 code", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert(rows, buildRow("Internet TLD", tld)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert(rows, buildRow("Ynnyd-eggey", website)) end if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 4wm2938m4u474zewgn4ne5ylfkls72y 393292 393290 2026-09-15T17:51:36Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393292 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, use the first -- ordinary timezone statement as the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- The timezone item label itself normally contains the UTC -- offset (e.g. UTC+01:00). Keep the label, but shorten -- :00 for the compact infobox presentation. label = label:gsub(":00$", "") local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813") if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return label .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return label end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">Traa hashtee hollys y laa" .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode(url:gsub("^https?://", "")) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- local timezone = getManual(args, {"traa_y_coadyn", "traa"}) or buildTimezone() if timezone then table.insert(rows, buildRow("Cryss hraa", timezone)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert(rows, buildRow("Cummey date", dateFormat)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert(rows, buildRow("Coad çhellvane", callingCode)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Coad ISO 3166", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert(rows, buildRow("TLD yn eddyr-voggyl", tld)) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert(rows, buildRow("Ynnyd-eggey", website)) end if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 85zlqm5zo36c01pf460vf4bush8unal 393293 393292 2026-09-15T18:17:16Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393293 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as: -- UTC+08:00 -- UTC-05:00 -- UTC+05:30 -- into linked UTC offset titles. -- -- The :00 is retained here because the requested -- presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. local offset = label:match("^UTC([+-]%d%d:%d%d)$") if offset then return "[[UTC" .. offset .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, -- use the first ordinary timezone statement as -- the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameters: -- traa_y_coadyn -- traa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards -- compatibility: -- traa_ynnydagh -- ashchur_utc local timezone = getManual(args, { "traa_y_coadyn", "traa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur_utc" }) if timezone then -- If the manually supplied value is a plain -- UTC offset, format it as a UTC link. local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- The old template can still provide: -- -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- TTLS -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source -- line. local ttls = getManual(args, { "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "note_TTLS" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Coad ISO 3166", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Ynnyd-eggey", website ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p n1u2trvdg9quguittsubqtt0m71hfmo 393294 393293 2026-09-15T18:28:21Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393294 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as: -- UTC+08:00 -- UTC-05:00 -- UTC+05:30 -- into linked UTC offset titles. -- -- The :00 is retained here because the requested -- presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. local offset = label:match("^UTC([+-]%d%d:%d%d)$") if offset then return "[[UTC" .. offset .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, -- use the first ordinary timezone statement as -- the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameters: -- traa_y_coadyn -- traa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards -- compatibility: -- traa_ynnydagh -- ashchur_utc local timezone = getManual(args, { "traa_y_coadyn", "traa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur_utc" }) if timezone then local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- The old template can still provide: -- -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- TTLS -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source -- line. local ttls = getManual(args, { "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "note_TTLS" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p i4utqt5i6qw1n0fkumvlzah8td7te48 393295 393294 2026-09-15T18:32:33Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393295 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as: -- UTC+08:00 -- UTC-05:00 -- UTC+05:30 -- into linked UTC offset titles. -- -- The :00 is retained here because the requested -- presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. local offset = label:match("^UTC([+-]%d%d:%d%d)$") if offset then return "[[UTC" .. offset .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, -- use the first ordinary timezone statement as -- the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameters: -- traa_y_coadyn -- traa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards -- compatibility: -- traa_ynnydagh -- ashchur_utc local timezone = getManual(args, { "traa_y_coadyn", "traa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur_utc" }) if timezone then local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- The old template can still provide: -- -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- TTLS -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source -- line. local ttls = getManual(args, { "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "note_TTLS" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p phwslw5e5vtkeq0tojyrqosui5p6nj7 393296 393295 2026-09-15T18:33:46Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393296 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as: -- UTC+08:00 -- UTC-05:00 -- UTC+05:30 -- into linked UTC offset titles. -- -- The :00 is retained here because the requested -- presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. local offset = label:match("^UTC([+-]%d%d:%d%d)$") if offset then return "[[UTC" .. offset .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, -- use the first ordinary timezone statement as -- the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameters: -- traa_y_coadyn -- traa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards -- compatibility: -- traa_ynnydagh -- ashchur_utc local timezone = getManual(args, { "traa_y_coadyn", "traa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur_utc" }) if timezone then local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- The old template can still provide: -- -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- TTLS -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source -- line. local ttls = getManual(args, { "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "note_TTLS" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 5zwwa9feeov9rjgufvdkgsap19gp3m4 393297 393296 2026-09-15T18:34:22Z MacTire02 219 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/393296|393296]] by [[Special:Contributions/MacTire02|MacTire02]] ([[User talk:MacTire02|talk]]) 393297 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as: -- UTC+08:00 -- UTC-05:00 -- UTC+05:30 -- into linked UTC offset titles. -- -- The :00 is retained here because the requested -- presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. local offset = label:match("^UTC([+-]%d%d:%d%d)$") if offset then return "[[UTC" .. offset .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, -- use the first ordinary timezone statement as -- the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em; border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameters: -- traa_y_coadyn -- traa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards -- compatibility: -- traa_ynnydagh -- ashchur_utc local timezone = getManual(args, { "traa_y_coadyn", "traa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur_utc" }) if timezone then local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- The old template can still provide: -- -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- TTLS -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source -- line. local ttls = getManual(args, { "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "note_TTLS" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p phwslw5e5vtkeq0tojyrqosui5p6nj7 393298 393297 2026-09-15T18:47:31Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393298 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as: -- UTC+08:00 -- UTC-05:00 -- UTC+05:30 -- into linked UTC offset titles. -- -- The :00 is retained here because the requested -- presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. local offset = label:match("^UTC([+-]%d%d:%d%d)$") if offset then return "[[UTC" .. offset .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, -- use the first ordinary timezone statement as -- the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameters: -- traa_y_coadyn -- traa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards -- compatibility: -- traa_ynnydagh -- ashchur_utc local timezone = getManual(args, { "traa_y_coadyn", "traa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur_utc" }) if timezone then local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- The old template can still provide: -- -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- TTLS -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source -- line. local ttls = getManual(args, { "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "note_TTLS" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_fon", "calling_code" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "coad_internet" }) or getTld() if tld then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local website = getManual(args, { "website", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 66oifbkxxnldwif22fjirnz4le5z49k 393330 393298 2026-09-16T02:26:41Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393330 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual ref in <ref> unless it's already tagged (Scribunto turns -- a literal <ref> into a strip marker before this module ever sees it) -- -- duplicated from the project's other submodules, per its -- no-shared-utility-module convention. local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end -- Appends an optional footnote (via {{efn}}) and/or an optional citation -- to a value -- same `imraa_.../noteyn_...` shape used by every other -- field in every other submodule of this project. local function applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if not value then return value end if note and note ~= "" and frame then value = value .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end if ref and ref ~= "" then value = value .. wrapReference(ref) end return value end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as: -- UTC+08:00 -- UTC-05:00 -- UTC+05:30 -- into linked UTC offset titles. -- -- The :00 is retained here because the requested -- presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. local offset = label:match("^UTC([+-]%d%d:%d%d)$") if offset then return "[[UTC" .. offset .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- If Wikidata does not distinguish the periods, -- use the first ordinary timezone statement as -- the main timezone. if not standard and #ordinary > 0 then standard = ordinary[1] end return standard, daylight end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then return nil end local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: -- cryss_hraa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards -- compatibility (both superseded by cryss_hraa): -- traa_ynnydagh -- ashchur_utc -- the UTC offset itself -- -- Citation/footnote (new -- this field had neither before): -- imraa_cryss_hraa -- noteyn_cryss_hraa local timezone = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur_utc" }) local imraaCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa" }) local noteynCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa" }) if timezone then local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) formattedTimezone = applyRefNote(formattedTimezone, imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then wikidataTimezone = applyRefNote(wikidataTimezone, imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: -- cryss_hraa_thhl -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards compatibility (both -- superseded by cryss_hraa_thhl, same TTLS -> THHL rename as the -- section's own display label below): -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- TTLS -- bare, kept from the original draft; not itself named as -- superseded, so left in rather than dropped unasked -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source line. `note_TTLS` -- (old) and `noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl` (new, same field) are treated as -- the same note, kept as its own row exactly as before. `imraa_cryss_ -- hraa_thhl` (new) is a citation appended directly to the value -- itself -- this field never had a citation option at all before. local ttls = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa_thhl", "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl", "note_TTLS" }) local imraaTTLS = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa_thhl" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) ttlsValue = applyRefNote(ttlsValue, imraaTTLS, nil, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter: coad_çhellvane (matches this row's own display label, -- "Coad çhellvane" -- confirmed as the actual parameter name, not the -- coad_fon/calling_code placeholders this draft used before). local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_çhellvane" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end callingCode = applyRefNote( callingCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_çhellvane" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_çhellvane" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then isoCode = applyRefNote( isoCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_iso" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_iso" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: tld. Old parameter, retained for backwards -- compatibility: cctld (confirmed; coad_internet, this draft's earlier -- placeholder, never existed). local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "cctld" }) or getTld() if tld then tld = applyRefNote( tld, getManual(args, { "imraa_tld" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_tld" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: ynnyd-eggey. Old parameters, retained for backwards -- compatibility: duillag, duillag_oikoil. `website` (this draft's own -- earlier placeholder, never a real parameter) has been removed -- entirely -- confirmed there's no article depending on it. local website = getManual(args, { "ynnyd-eggey", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then website = applyRefNote( website, getManual(args, { "imraa_ynnyd-eggey" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_ynnyd-eggey" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p b9d9a6zgxnkbbe5wkll415wy8wtjtx0 393338 393330 2026-09-16T02:49:13Z MacTire02 219 prowal 393338 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual ref in <ref> unless it's already tagged (Scribunto turns -- a literal <ref> into a strip marker before this module ever sees it) -- -- duplicated from the project's other submodules, per its -- no-shared-utility-module convention. local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end -- Appends an optional footnote (via {{efn}}) and/or an optional citation -- to a value -- same `imraa_.../noteyn_...` shape used by every other -- field in every other submodule of this project. local function applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if not value then return value end if note and note ~= "" and frame then value = value .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end if ref and ref ~= "" then value = value .. wrapReference(ref) end return value end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- -- Parses a Wikidata UTC-offset label ("UTC+08:00", "UTC-05:00", -- "UTC−05:00") into a numeric value in minutes (so multiple zones can be -- sorted/min-maxed for the range display below) and its offset text -- exactly as written -- sign preserved, HH:MM intact. A negative offset's -- sign can be written either as a plain ASCII hyphen or as the proper -- Unicode minus sign (U+2212, "−") -- both Wikidata's own UTC-offset item -- labels and enwiki's own article titles (e.g. "UTC−05:00") use the real -- minus sign, so both are checked, each via its own separate literal -- alternative (never a character class spanning a multi-byte character -- -- that byte-vs-codepoint mistake was already found and fixed elsewhere in -- this project). Returns nil for anything that isn't shaped like a raw -- offset (e.g. a named zone item such as "Central European Time") -- -- there's nothing numeric to compare there. local function parseUtcOffset(label) if not label then return nil end local sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(%+)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(%-)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(\226\136\146)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then return nil end local totalMinutes = tonumber(hh) * 60 + tonumber(mm) if sign ~= "+" then totalMinutes = -totalMinutes end return { minutes = totalMinutes, offsetText = sign .. hh .. ":" .. mm, } end local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as UTC+08:00 / UTC-05:00 / UTC−05:00 / -- UTC+05:30 into linked UTC offset titles. The :00 is retained here -- because the requested presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. The ORIGINAL -- sign character (plain hyphen or the real Unicode minus sign) is -- preserved in the output rather than normalised away, so the link -- still targets whichever exact title actually uses that character. local parsed = parseUtcOffset(label) if parsed then return "[[UTC" .. parsed.offsetText .. "]]" end return label end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- Unlike before, a genuinely multi-zone country's several `ordinary` -- statements are no longer collapsed down to just the first one here -- -- see formatOrdinaryZones below, which now uses all of them. return standard, daylight, ordinary end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- -- Formats one {qid, label} zone: the offset itself (linked), plus its -- own short name (P1813) in parentheses when Wikidata has one, e.g. -- "[[UTC+01:00]] (CET)". Used for the standard/daylight-saving pair below -- and for a single ordinary (non-period-qualified) zone alike. local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -- Link the UTC offset itself, e.g. -- [[UTC+08:30]] local utcLabel = formatUTCLabel(label) -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end -- Multiple, genuinely different time zones (e.g. Russia, the US, Canada, -- Australia) -- as opposed to a single zone with a seasonal daylight- -- saving shift -- show up on Wikidata as more than one P421 statement -- with NO P1264 (valid-in-period) qualifier at all. Rendered as a range -- from the lowest to the highest offset, e.g. "UTC+02:00 dys +12:00" -- -- matching enwiki's own "UTC+2 to +12" shape, with "dys" for "to", and -- the full HH:MM kept on both ends per your instruction, instead of -- enwiki's own shorthand bare-hour form. No per-zone short name here -- (unlike formatZone above) -- enwiki's own version doesn't show one -- either, and it would get cluttered fast with more than two zones. -- Exactly one ordinary zone (the ordinary single-zone country, unchanged -- from before) still goes through formatZone as usual. local function formatOrdinaryZones(ordinary) if not ordinary or #ordinary == 0 then return nil end if #ordinary == 1 then return formatZone(ordinary[1]) end local parsed = {} for _, zone in ipairs(ordinary) do local p = parseUtcOffset(zone.label) if not p then -- At least one zone isn't a raw offset (e.g. a named zone -- item) -- nothing numeric to range against, so fall back to -- the first zone rather than guessing at an ordering. return formatZone(ordinary[1]) end table.insert(parsed, p) end table.sort(parsed, function(a, b) return a.minutes < b.minutes end) local lowest = parsed[1] local highest = parsed[#parsed] if lowest.minutes == highest.minutes then return "[[UTC" .. lowest.offsetText .. "]]" end return "[[UTC" .. lowest.offsetText .. "]]" .. " dys " .. "[[UTC" .. highest.offsetText .. "|" .. highest.offsetText .. "]]" end local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight, ordinary = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then -- No period-qualified (standard/daylight-saving) statement at -- all -- either exactly one plain zone, or several genuinely -- different ones, both handled by formatOrdinaryZones. return formatOrdinaryZones(ordinary) end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: -- cryss_hraa -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards compatibility (all three -- superseded by cryss_hraa): traa_ynnydagh, and `ashchur`/`ashchur_utc` -- -- both hold the actual UTC offset itself (e.g. "UTC+01:00", -- "UTC−03:30"), just two different spellings of the same old -- parameter that both appear across the existing 200+ articles. -- -- Citation/footnote (new -- this field had neither before): -- imraa_cryss_hraa -- noteyn_cryss_hraa local timezone = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa", "traa_ynnydagh", "ashchur", "ashchur_utc" }) local imraaCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa" }) local noteynCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa" }) if timezone then local formattedTimezone = formatUTCLabel(timezone) formattedTimezone = applyRefNote(formattedTimezone, imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", formattedTimezone ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then wikidataTimezone = applyRefNote(wikidataTimezone, imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: -- cryss_hraa_thhl -- -- Old parameters retained for backwards compatibility (both -- superseded by cryss_hraa_thhl, same TTLS -> THHL rename as the -- section's own display label below): -- traa_ynnydagh_TTLS -- ashchur_utc_TTLS -- TTLS -- bare, kept from the original draft; not itself named as -- superseded, so left in rather than dropped unasked -- -- These are retained as a manual override/source line. `note_TTLS` -- (old) and `noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl` (new, same field) are treated as -- the same note, kept as its own row exactly as before. `imraa_cryss_ -- hraa_thhl` (new) is a citation appended directly to the value -- itself -- this field never had a citation option at all before. local ttls = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa_thhl", "TTLS", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl", "note_TTLS" }) local imraaTTLS = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa_thhl" }) if ttls then local ttlsValue = ttls -- If the value is a UTC offset, link it. ttlsValue = formatUTCLabel(ttlsValue) ttlsValue = applyRefNote(ttlsValue, imraaTTLS, nil, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter: coad_çhellvane (matches this row's own display label, -- "Coad çhellvane" -- confirmed as the actual parameter name, not the -- coad_fon/calling_code placeholders this draft used before). local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_çhellvane" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end callingCode = applyRefNote( callingCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_çhellvane" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_çhellvane" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then isoCode = applyRefNote( isoCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_iso" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_iso" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: tld. Old parameter, retained for backwards -- compatibility: cctld (confirmed; coad_internet, this draft's earlier -- placeholder, never existed). local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "cctld" }) or getTld() if tld then tld = applyRefNote( tld, getManual(args, { "imraa_tld" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_tld" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: ynnyd-eggey. Old parameters, retained for backwards -- compatibility: duillag, duillag_oikoil. `website` (this draft's own -- earlier placeholder, never a real parameter) has been removed -- entirely -- confirmed there's no article depending on it. local website = getManual(args, { "ynnyd-eggey", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then website = applyRefNote( website, getManual(args, { "imraa_ynnyd-eggey" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_ynnyd-eggey" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 15rheh1uw8l1qa43cl2osemq26mc6eq 393351 393338 2026-09-16T03:14:36Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393351 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -- "UTC timezone offset" -- confirmed to exist via web search (its own -- Wikidata page title), used below for a zone item that's modelled as a -- NAMED zone (e.g. "Central European Time") rather than a raw-offset -- item, so there's a numeric offset to read even when the label itself -- isn't shaped like one. Its exact datatype/how consistently real zone -- items actually carry it could NOT be independently verified from this -- environment (wikidata.org itself can't be fetched here) -- the code -- below is written defensively around that uncertainty (see -- getWdUtcOffsetProperty), but this is flagged as worth confirming -- against a real example. local UTC_OFFSET_PROPERTY = "P2907" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual ref in <ref> unless it's already tagged (Scribunto turns -- a literal <ref> into a strip marker before this module ever sees it) -- -- duplicated from the project's other submodules, per its -- no-shared-utility-module convention. local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end -- Appends an optional footnote (via {{efn}}) and/or an optional citation -- to a value -- same `imraa_.../noteyn_...` shape used by every other -- field in every other submodule of this project. local function applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if not value then return value end if note and note ~= "" and frame then value = value .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end if ref and ref ~= "" then value = value .. wrapReference(ref) end return value end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- -- Parses a Wikidata UTC-offset label ("UTC+08:00", "UTC-05:00", -- "UTC−05:00") into a numeric value in minutes (so multiple zones can be -- sorted/min-maxed for the range display below) and its offset text -- exactly as written -- sign preserved, HH:MM intact. A negative offset's -- sign can be written either as a plain ASCII hyphen or as the proper -- Unicode minus sign (U+2212, "−") -- both Wikidata's own UTC-offset item -- labels and enwiki's own article titles (e.g. "UTC−05:00") use the real -- minus sign, so both are checked, each via its own separate literal -- alternative (never a character class spanning a multi-byte character -- -- that byte-vs-codepoint mistake was already found and fixed elsewhere in -- this project). Returns nil for anything that isn't shaped like a raw -- offset (e.g. a named zone item such as "Central European Time") -- -- there's nothing numeric to compare there. local function parseUtcOffset(label) if not label then return nil end local sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(%+)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(%-)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(\226\136\146)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then return nil end local totalMinutes = tonumber(hh) * 60 + tonumber(mm) if sign ~= "+" then totalMinutes = -totalMinutes end return { minutes = totalMinutes, offsetText = sign .. hh .. ":" .. mm, } end local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as UTC+08:00 / UTC-05:00 / UTC−05:00 / -- UTC+05:30 into linked UTC offset titles. The :00 is retained here -- because the requested presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. The ORIGINAL -- sign character (plain hyphen or the real Unicode minus sign) is -- preserved in the output rather than normalised away, so the link -- still targets whichever exact title actually uses that character. local parsed = parseUtcOffset(label) if parsed then return "[[UTC" .. parsed.offsetText .. "]]" end return label end -- Rounds to the nearest integer, away from zero on a tie -- plain -- math.floor(n + 0.5) rounds negative numbers asymmetrically, which -- would misround a negative offset. local function roundHalfAwayFromZero(n) if n >= 0 then return math.floor(n + 0.5) end return -math.floor(-n + 0.5) end -- Reads P2907 ("UTC timezone offset") directly off a zone item -- for -- when Wikidata models the item as a NAMED zone (e.g. "Central European -- Time") whose own label carries no offset. Written defensively since -- this property's exact datatype/coverage wasn't independently -- verifiable from this environment: accepts either a Quantity (assumed -- to be hours, e.g. 5.5 for +05:30, -3.5 for -03:30) or a String already -- shaped like an offset ("+05:30" or "UTC+05:30"), and returns nil for -- anything else rather than guessing further. local function getWdUtcOffsetProperty(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, statements = pcall(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, qid, UTC_OFFSET_PROPERTY) if not ok or not statements then return nil end for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak local datavalue = mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue if datavalue and datavalue.type == "quantity" and datavalue.value then local amount = tonumber(datavalue.value.amount) if amount then local totalMinutes = roundHalfAwayFromZero(amount * 60) local sign = totalMinutes < 0 and "-" or "+" local absMinutes = math.abs(totalMinutes) local hh = math.floor(absMinutes / 60) local mm = absMinutes % 60 return { minutes = totalMinutes, offsetText = sign .. string.format("%02d", hh) .. ":" .. string.format("%02d", mm), } end elseif datavalue and datavalue.type == "string" and datavalue.value then local fromString = parseUtcOffset(datavalue.value) or parseUtcOffset("UTC" .. datavalue.value) if fromString then return fromString end end end return nil end -- The effective numeric offset for a zone: its own label when that's -- already offset-shaped, else P2907 on the item itself (see the caveat -- on getWdUtcOffsetProperty above). Used both for the single/standard- -- daylight-saving display (formatZone) and the multi-zone range -- (formatOrdinaryZones). local function getEffectiveOffset(zone) if not zone then return nil end return parseUtcOffset(zone.label) or getWdUtcOffsetProperty(zone.qid) end -- Manual offset values can be typed loosely -- with or without a "UTC" -- prefix, and with or without zero-padding (e.g. "+0:00" rather than -- "+00:00", as in your own example). Normalises any of those into the -- same canonical, zero-padded "[[UTC±HH:MM]]" link used everywhere else -- in this module. Falls back to showing the raw manual text, unlinked, -- if it doesn't parse as an offset at all -- so a genuinely unexpected -- manual value still displays rather than vanishing. local function formatManualOffset(rawValue) if not rawValue then return nil end local withoutPrefix = mw.ustring.match(rawValue, "^UTC(.+)$") or rawValue local sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(withoutPrefix, "^(%+)(%d%d?):(%d%d)$") if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(withoutPrefix, "^(%-)(%d%d?):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(withoutPrefix, "^(\226\136\146)(%d%d?):(%d%d)$") end if sign then return "[[UTC" .. sign .. string.format("%02d", tonumber(hh)) .. ":" .. mm .. "]]" end return rawValue end -- Combines a manual offset + manual name into one display, exactly as -- confirmed: "[[UTC+00:00]] ([[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]])" -- the offset -- linked (so loosely-typed manual values like "+0:00" still normalise -- into a proper "[[UTC+00:00]]" link), the name in parentheses exactly -- as typed (so an existing wikilink like "[[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]]" -- is preserved, not stripped or reformatted -- important since more than -- one name can share the same offset, e.g. GMT and WET are both -- UTC+00:00). Either piece can stand alone -- an article that only ever -- set one of the two keeps working exactly as before. local function combineNameAndOffset(offsetValue, nameValue) local offsetDisplay = offsetValue and formatManualOffset(offsetValue) if offsetDisplay and nameValue then return offsetDisplay .. " (" .. nameValue .. ")" end return offsetDisplay or nameValue end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- Unlike before, a genuinely multi-zone country's several `ordinary` -- statements are no longer collapsed down to just the first one here -- -- see formatOrdinaryZones below, which now uses all of them. return standard, daylight, ordinary end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- -- Formats one {qid, label} zone: the offset (linked), plus a name/short -- name in parentheses when one is available, e.g. "[[UTC+01:00]] (CET)". -- Used for the standard/daylight-saving pair below and for a single -- ordinary (non-period-qualified) zone alike. -- -- Two real Wikidata modelling shapes both need to resolve here: (a) the -- linked item's own label IS the offset (e.g. "UTC+01:00") -- link it -- directly, same as always, with its P1813 short name (e.g. "CET") in -- parens when Wikidata has one; (b) the linked item is a NAMED zone -- (e.g. "Central European Time") with no offset in its own label at all -- -- try P2907 on that same item for the actual numeric offset (see -- getWdUtcOffsetProperty's own caveat on this property), and if found, -- show it linked with the zone's own short name or full name in parens. -- With neither an offset-shaped label nor a usable P2907 statement, this -- still falls back to the bare name rather than showing nothing. local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -- read regardless of which path below applies, -- since a named-zone item can carry one too. -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end -------------------------------------------------- -- (a) the label is already offset-shaped -------------------------------------------------- local parsedFromLabel = parseUtcOffset(label) if parsedFromLabel then local utcLabel = "[[UTC" .. parsedFromLabel.offsetText .. "]]" if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end -------------------------------------------------- -- (b) the label is a NAME -- try P2907 on the same item -------------------------------------------------- local fromProperty = getWdUtcOffsetProperty(zone.qid) if fromProperty then return "[[UTC" .. fromProperty.offsetText .. "]] (" .. (shortName or label) .. ")" end -- No numeric offset available anywhere -- fall back to the bare name -- (better than nothing, but still missing the offset). return label end -- Multiple, genuinely different time zones (e.g. Russia, the US, Canada, -- Australia) -- as opposed to a single zone with a seasonal daylight- -- saving shift -- show up on Wikidata as more than one P421 statement -- with NO P1264 (valid-in-period) qualifier at all. Rendered as a range -- from the lowest to the highest offset, e.g. "UTC+02:00 dys +12:00" -- -- matching enwiki's own "UTC+2 to +12" shape, with "dys" for "to", and -- the full HH:MM kept on both ends per your instruction, instead of -- enwiki's own shorthand bare-hour form. No per-zone short name here -- (unlike formatZone above) -- enwiki's own version doesn't show one -- either, and it would get cluttered fast with more than two zones. -- Exactly one ordinary zone (the ordinary single-zone country, unchanged -- from before) still goes through formatZone as usual. local function formatOrdinaryZones(ordinary) if not ordinary or #ordinary == 0 then return nil end if #ordinary == 1 then return formatZone(ordinary[1]) end local parsed = {} for _, zone in ipairs(ordinary) do -- getEffectiveOffset, not parseUtcOffset directly, so a -- genuinely multi-zone country modelled with NAMED zone items -- (no offset in their own labels) can still be ranged, via P2907 -- on each one -- same fallback this needs on the single-zone -- path (see formatZone). local p = getEffectiveOffset(zone) if not p then -- At least one zone has neither an offset-shaped label nor a -- usable P2907 statement -- nothing numeric to range -- against, so fall back to the first zone rather than -- guessing at an ordering. return formatZone(ordinary[1]) end table.insert(parsed, p) end table.sort(parsed, function(a, b) return a.minutes < b.minutes end) local lowest = parsed[1] local highest = parsed[#parsed] if lowest.minutes == highest.minutes then return "[[UTC" .. lowest.offsetText .. "]]" end return "[[UTC" .. lowest.offsetText .. "]]" .. " dys " .. "[[UTC" .. highest.offsetText .. "|" .. highest.offsetText .. "]]" end local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight, ordinary = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then -- No period-qualified (standard/daylight-saving) statement at -- all -- either exactly one plain zone, or several genuinely -- different ones, both handled by formatOrdinaryZones. return formatOrdinaryZones(ordinary) end local standardText = formatZone(standard) local daylightText = formatZone(daylight) if not standardText then return nil end if daylightText then return standardText .. "<br/><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">" .. "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]] " .. daylightText .. "</span>" end return standardText end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone -------------------------------------------------- -- Two SEPARATE manual fields, not two spellings of one field (this -- was wrong before -- corrected per your example wikitext): -- -- cryss_hraa (new) / traa_ynnydagh (old) -- the zone's NAME, e.g. -- "[[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]]" -- ashchur / ashchur_utc (both old; no distinct new name given yet) -- -- the actual UTC OFFSET itself, e.g. "+0:00" -- -- When both are given they combine into one display, exactly as -- confirmed: "[[UTC+00:00]] ([[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]])" -- not -- everywhere on UTC+00:00 is GMT (Western European Time/WET is the -- same offset), so the name is never inferred from the offset or -- vice versa, only ever combined from whatever was actually given. -- Either one can still stand alone, matching how existing articles -- may only have set one of the two. -- -- Citation/footnote (new -- this field had neither before): -- imraa_cryss_hraa -- noteyn_cryss_hraa local manualZoneName = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa", "traa_ynnydagh" }) local manualZoneOffset = getManual(args, { "ashchur", "ashchur_utc" }) local imraaCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa" }) local noteynCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa" }) if manualZoneName or manualZoneOffset then local combined = combineNameAndOffset(manualZoneOffset, manualZoneName) combined = applyRefNote(combined, imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", combined ) ) else local wikidataTimezone = buildTimezone() if wikidataTimezone then wikidataTimezone = applyRefNote(wikidataTimezone, imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Cryss hraa]]", wikidataTimezone ) ) end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source -------------------------------------------------- -- Same NAME + OFFSET split as the main time-zone field above, mirrored -- for the daylight-saving row: -- -- cryss_hraa_thhl (new) / traa_ynnydagh_TTLS (old) -- the DST -- zone's NAME, e.g. "[[Traa Houree Ghoaldagh|BST]]" -- ashchur_TTLS (inferred, unconfirmed -- see chat) / ashchur_utc_TTLS -- (old, confirmed) -- the DST OFFSET itself, e.g. "+1:00" -- -- Bare `TTLS` (from the original draft) has been dropped: it doesn't -- fit a two-field model (was it the name or the offset?) and wasn't -- among the parameters you confirmed -- flagged in chat rather than -- guessed back in. -- -- `note_TTLS` (old) and `noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl` (new, same field) -- are treated as the same note, kept as its own row exactly as -- before. `imraa_cryss_hraa_thhl` (new) is a citation appended -- directly to the combined value -- this field never had a citation -- option at all before. local manualTtlsName = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa_thhl", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS" }) local manualTtlsOffset = getManual(args, { "ashchur_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl", "note_TTLS" }) local imraaTTLS = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa_thhl" }) if manualTtlsName or manualTtlsOffset then local ttlsValue = combineNameAndOffset(manualTtlsOffset, manualTtlsName) ttlsValue = applyRefNote(ttlsValue, imraaTTLS, nil, frame) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]]", ttlsValue ) ) end if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter: coad_çhellvane (matches this row's own display label, -- "Coad çhellvane" -- confirmed as the actual parameter name, not the -- coad_fon/calling_code placeholders this draft used before). local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_çhellvane" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end callingCode = applyRefNote( callingCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_çhellvane" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_çhellvane" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then isoCode = applyRefNote( isoCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_iso" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_iso" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: tld. Old parameter, retained for backwards -- compatibility: cctld (confirmed; coad_internet, this draft's earlier -- placeholder, never existed). local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "cctld" }) or getTld() if tld then tld = applyRefNote( tld, getManual(args, { "imraa_tld" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_tld" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: ynnyd-eggey. Old parameters, retained for backwards -- compatibility: duillag, duillag_oikoil. `website` (this draft's own -- earlier placeholder, never a real parameter) has been removed -- entirely -- confirmed there's no article depending on it. local website = getManual(args, { "ynnyd-eggey", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then website = applyRefNote( website, getManual(args, { "imraa_ynnyd-eggey" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_ynnyd-eggey" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 1v77ymcac7ckvgnvqn1m493e68slmy1 393353 393351 2026-09-16T03:35:53Z MacTire02 219 ++ 393353 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata properties -------------------------------------------------- local TIMEZONE_PROPERTY = "P421" local DATE_FORMAT_PARAM = "format_date" local CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY = "P474" local ISO_CODE_PROPERTY = "P297" local TLD_PROPERTY = "P78" local WEBSITE_PROPERTY = "P856" local VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER = "P1264" -- "UTC timezone offset" -- confirmed to exist via web search (its own -- Wikidata page title), used below for a zone item that's modelled as a -- NAMED zone (e.g. "Central European Time") rather than a raw-offset -- item, so there's a numeric offset to read even when the label itself -- isn't shaped like one. Its exact datatype/how consistently real zone -- items actually carry it could NOT be independently verified from this -- environment (wikidata.org itself can't be fetched here) -- the code -- below is written defensively around that uncertainty (see -- getWdUtcOffsetProperty), but this is flagged as worth confirming -- against a real example. local UTC_OFFSET_PROPERTY = "P2907" -------------------------------------------------- -- Helpers -------------------------------------------------- local function getManual(args, names) for _, name in ipairs(names) do local value = args[name] if value and mw.text.trim(value) ~= "" then return mw.text.trim(value) end end return nil end -- Wraps a manual ref in <ref> unless it's already tagged (Scribunto turns -- a literal <ref> into a strip marker before this module ever sees it) -- -- duplicated from the project's other submodules, per its -- no-shared-utility-module convention. local function wrapReference(ref) if not ref or ref == "" then return nil end local withoutMarkers = mw.ustring.gsub(ref, "\127UNIQ.-QINU\127", "") if mw.ustring.gsub(withoutMarkers, "%s+", "") == "" then return ref end if mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.lower(ref), "<ref", 1, true) then return ref end return "<ref>" .. ref .. "</ref>" end -- Appends an optional footnote (via {{efn}}) and/or an optional citation -- to a value -- same `imraa_.../noteyn_...` shape used by every other -- field in every other submodule of this project. local function applyRefNote(value, ref, note, frame) if not value then return value end if note and note ~= "" and frame then value = value .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = "efn", args = { note } } end if ref and ref ~= "" then value = value .. wrapReference(ref) end return value end local function getEntity() local ok, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject) if ok then return entity end return nil end local function getStatements(property) local entity = getEntity() if not entity then return {} end local statements = entity:getAllStatements(property) if not statements then return {} end local result = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do if statement.rank ~= "deprecated" and statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and statement.mainsnak.datavalue then table.insert(result, statement) end end return result end -------------------------------------------------- -- Wikidata item label -------------------------------------------------- local function getLabel(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, label, lang = pcall(mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang, qid) if ok and label then return label, lang end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- UTC offset formatting -------------------------------------------------- -- Parses a Wikidata UTC-offset label ("UTC+08:00", "UTC-05:00", -- "UTC−05:00") into a numeric value in minutes (so multiple zones can be -- sorted/min-maxed for the range display below) and its offset text -- exactly as written -- sign preserved, HH:MM intact. A negative offset's -- sign can be written either as a plain ASCII hyphen or as the proper -- Unicode minus sign (U+2212, "−") -- both Wikidata's own UTC-offset item -- labels and enwiki's own article titles (e.g. "UTC−05:00") use the real -- minus sign, so both are checked, each via its own separate literal -- alternative (never a character class spanning a multi-byte character -- -- that byte-vs-codepoint mistake was already found and fixed elsewhere in -- this project). Returns nil for anything that isn't shaped like a raw -- offset (e.g. a named zone item such as "Central European Time") -- -- there's nothing numeric to compare there. local function parseUtcOffset(label) if not label then return nil end local sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(%+)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(%-)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(label, "^UTC(\226\136\146)(%d%d):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then return nil end local totalMinutes = tonumber(hh) * 60 + tonumber(mm) if sign ~= "+" then totalMinutes = -totalMinutes end return { minutes = totalMinutes, offsetText = sign .. hh .. ":" .. mm, } end local function formatUTCLabel(label) if not label then return nil end -- Convert labels such as UTC+08:00 / UTC-05:00 / UTC−05:00 / -- UTC+05:30 into linked UTC offset titles. The :00 is retained here -- because the requested presentation is [[UTC±HH:MM]]. The ORIGINAL -- sign character (plain hyphen or the real Unicode minus sign) is -- preserved in the output rather than normalised away, so the link -- still targets whichever exact title actually uses that character. local parsed = parseUtcOffset(label) if parsed then return "[[UTC" .. parsed.offsetText .. "]]" end return label end -- Rounds to the nearest integer, away from zero on a tie -- plain -- math.floor(n + 0.5) rounds negative numbers asymmetrically, which -- would misround a negative offset. local function roundHalfAwayFromZero(n) if n >= 0 then return math.floor(n + 0.5) end return -math.floor(-n + 0.5) end -- Reads P2907 ("UTC timezone offset") directly off a zone item -- for -- when Wikidata models the item as a NAMED zone (e.g. "Central European -- Time") whose own label carries no offset. Written defensively since -- this property's exact datatype/coverage wasn't independently -- verifiable from this environment: accepts either a Quantity (assumed -- to be hours, e.g. 5.5 for +05:30, -3.5 for -03:30) or a String already -- shaped like an offset ("+05:30" or "UTC+05:30"), and returns nil for -- anything else rather than guessing further. local function getWdUtcOffsetProperty(qid) if not qid then return nil end local ok, statements = pcall(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, qid, UTC_OFFSET_PROPERTY) if not ok or not statements then return nil end for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local mainsnak = statement.mainsnak local datavalue = mainsnak and mainsnak.snaktype == "value" and mainsnak.datavalue if datavalue and datavalue.type == "quantity" and datavalue.value then local amount = tonumber(datavalue.value.amount) if amount then local totalMinutes = roundHalfAwayFromZero(amount * 60) local sign = totalMinutes < 0 and "-" or "+" local absMinutes = math.abs(totalMinutes) local hh = math.floor(absMinutes / 60) local mm = absMinutes % 60 return { minutes = totalMinutes, offsetText = sign .. string.format("%02d", hh) .. ":" .. string.format("%02d", mm), } end elseif datavalue and datavalue.type == "string" and datavalue.value then local fromString = parseUtcOffset(datavalue.value) or parseUtcOffset("UTC" .. datavalue.value) if fromString then return fromString end end end return nil end -- The effective numeric offset for a zone: its own label when that's -- already offset-shaped, else P2907 on the item itself (see the caveat -- on getWdUtcOffsetProperty above). Used both for the single/standard- -- daylight-saving display (formatZone) and the multi-zone range -- (formatOrdinaryZones). local function getEffectiveOffset(zone) if not zone then return nil end return parseUtcOffset(zone.label) or getWdUtcOffsetProperty(zone.qid) end -- Manual offset values can be typed loosely -- with or without a "UTC" -- prefix, and with or without zero-padding (e.g. "+0:00" rather than -- "+00:00", as in your own example). Normalises any of those into the -- same canonical, zero-padded "[[UTC±HH:MM]]" link used everywhere else -- in this module. Falls back to showing the raw manual text, unlinked, -- if it doesn't parse as an offset at all -- so a genuinely unexpected -- manual value still displays rather than vanishing. local function formatManualOffset(rawValue) if not rawValue then return nil end local withoutPrefix = mw.ustring.match(rawValue, "^UTC(.+)$") or rawValue local sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(withoutPrefix, "^(%+)(%d%d?):(%d%d)$") if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(withoutPrefix, "^(%-)(%d%d?):(%d%d)$") end if not sign then sign, hh, mm = mw.ustring.match(withoutPrefix, "^(\226\136\146)(%d%d?):(%d%d)$") end if sign then return "[[UTC" .. sign .. string.format("%02d", tonumber(hh)) .. ":" .. mm .. "]]" end return rawValue end -- Combines a manual offset + manual name into one display, exactly as -- confirmed: "[[UTC+00:00]] ([[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]])" -- the offset -- linked (so loosely-typed manual values like "+0:00" still normalise -- into a proper "[[UTC+00:00]]" link), the name in parentheses exactly -- as typed (so an existing wikilink like "[[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]]" -- is preserved, not stripped or reformatted -- important since more than -- one name can share the same offset, e.g. GMT and WET are both -- UTC+00:00). Either piece can stand alone -- an article that only ever -- set one of the two keeps working exactly as before. local function combineNameAndOffset(offsetValue, nameValue) local offsetDisplay = offsetValue and formatManualOffset(offsetValue) if offsetDisplay and nameValue then return offsetDisplay .. " (" .. nameValue .. ")" end return offsetDisplay or nameValue end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone formatting -------------------------------------------------- local function getTimeZoneData() local statements = getStatements(TIMEZONE_PROPERTY) local standard = nil local daylight = nil local ordinary = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value local qid = value and value.id if qid then local label = getLabel(qid) local periodQualifiers = statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers[VALID_PERIOD_QUALIFIER] local periodQid = nil if periodQualifiers and periodQualifiers[1] then local periodValue = periodQualifiers[1].datavalue and periodQualifiers[1].datavalue.value periodQid = periodValue and periodValue.id end if periodQid == "Q1777301" then -- Standard time standard = { qid = qid, label = label, } elseif periodQid == "Q36669" then -- Daylight saving time daylight = { qid = qid, label = label, } else table.insert(ordinary, { qid = qid, label = label, }) end end end -- Unlike before, a genuinely multi-zone country's several `ordinary` -- statements are no longer collapsed down to just the first one here -- -- see formatOrdinaryZones below, which now uses all of them. return standard, daylight, ordinary end -------------------------------------------------- -- Time-zone line -------------------------------------------------- -- Formats one {qid, label} zone: the offset (linked), plus a name/short -- name in parentheses when one is available, e.g. "[[UTC+01:00]] (CET)". -- Used for the standard/daylight-saving pair below and for a single -- ordinary (non-period-qualified) zone alike. -- -- Two real Wikidata modelling shapes both need to resolve here: (a) the -- linked item's own label IS the offset (e.g. "UTC+01:00") -- link it -- directly, same as always, with its P1813 short name (e.g. "CET") in -- parens when Wikidata has one; (b) the linked item is a NAMED zone -- (e.g. "Central European Time") with no offset in its own label at all -- -- try P2907 on that same item for the actual numeric offset (see -- getWdUtcOffsetProperty's own caveat on this property), and if found, -- show it linked with the zone's own short name or full name in parens. -- With neither an offset-shaped label nor a usable P2907 statement, this -- still falls back to the bare name rather than showing nothing. local function formatZone(zone) if not zone then return nil end local label = zone.label if not label then return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Short name (P1813) -- read regardless of which path below applies, -- since a named-zone item can carry one too. -------------------------------------------------- local shortName = nil local ok, statements = pcall( mw.wikibase.getBestStatements, zone.qid, "P1813" ) if ok and statements then for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak and statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.text then if value.language == "en" or value.language == "mul" then shortName = value.text break end shortName = shortName or value.text end end end -------------------------------------------------- -- (a) the label is already offset-shaped -------------------------------------------------- local parsedFromLabel = parseUtcOffset(label) if parsedFromLabel then local utcLabel = "[[UTC" .. parsedFromLabel.offsetText .. "]]" if shortName then return utcLabel .. " (" .. shortName .. ")" end return utcLabel end -------------------------------------------------- -- (b) the label is a NAME -- try P2907 on the same item -------------------------------------------------- local fromProperty = getWdUtcOffsetProperty(zone.qid) if fromProperty then return "[[UTC" .. fromProperty.offsetText .. "]] (" .. (shortName or label) .. ")" end -- No numeric offset available anywhere -- fall back to the bare name -- (better than nothing, but still missing the offset). return label end -- Multiple, genuinely different time zones (e.g. Russia, the US, Canada, -- Australia) -- as opposed to a single zone with a seasonal daylight- -- saving shift -- show up on Wikidata as more than one P421 statement -- with NO P1264 (valid-in-period) qualifier at all. Rendered as a range -- from the lowest to the highest offset, e.g. "UTC+02:00 dys +12:00" -- -- matching enwiki's own "UTC+2 to +12" shape, with "dys" for "to", and -- the full HH:MM kept on both ends per your instruction, instead of -- enwiki's own shorthand bare-hour form. No per-zone short name here -- (unlike formatZone above) -- enwiki's own version doesn't show one -- either, and it would get cluttered fast with more than two zones. -- Exactly one ordinary zone (the ordinary single-zone country, unchanged -- from before) still goes through formatZone as usual. local function formatOrdinaryZones(ordinary) if not ordinary or #ordinary == 0 then return nil end if #ordinary == 1 then return formatZone(ordinary[1]) end local parsed = {} for _, zone in ipairs(ordinary) do -- getEffectiveOffset, not parseUtcOffset directly, so a -- genuinely multi-zone country modelled with NAMED zone items -- (no offset in their own labels) can still be ranged, via P2907 -- on each one -- same fallback this needs on the single-zone -- path (see formatZone). local p = getEffectiveOffset(zone) if not p then -- At least one zone has neither an offset-shaped label nor a -- usable P2907 statement -- nothing numeric to range -- against, so fall back to the first zone rather than -- guessing at an ordering. return formatZone(ordinary[1]) end table.insert(parsed, p) end table.sort(parsed, function(a, b) return a.minutes < b.minutes end) local lowest = parsed[1] local highest = parsed[#parsed] if lowest.minutes == highest.minutes then return "[[UTC" .. lowest.offsetText .. "]]" end return "[[UTC" .. lowest.offsetText .. "]]" .. " dys " .. "[[UTC" .. highest.offsetText .. "|" .. highest.offsetText .. "]]" end -- Returns standardText, daylightText separately (rather than baking the -- daylight-saving line into one combined HTML string, as before) so the -- caller can render THHL as its own nested "subset" row -- see -- appendGroupedRows below -- exactly mirroring how the old HTML template -- and the manual-parameter path both treat it: a genuinely separate row, -- indented under the main time zone row, never a same-cell concatenation. local function buildTimezone() local standard, daylight, ordinary = getTimeZoneData() if not standard then -- No period-qualified (standard/daylight-saving) statement at -- all -- either exactly one plain zone, or several genuinely -- different ones, both handled by formatOrdinaryZones. return formatOrdinaryZones(ordinary), nil end local standardText = formatZone(standard) if not standardText then return nil, nil end return standardText, formatZone(daylight) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Simple Wikidata string property -------------------------------------------------- local function getStringProperty(property) local statements = getStatements(property) for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" then return value end end return nil end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- local function getTld() local statements = getStatements(TLD_PROPERTY) local values = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if value and value.id then local label = getLabel(value.id) if label then table.insert(values, label) end end end if #values == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(values, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- local function getWebsite() local statements = getStatements(WEBSITE_PROPERTY) local urls = {} for _, statement in ipairs(statements) do local value = statement.mainsnak.datavalue and statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if type(value) == "string" and value ~= "" then table.insert(urls, value) end end if #urls == 0 then return nil end local links = {} for _, url in ipairs(urls) do table.insert( links, '<span class="url">[' .. url .. ' ' .. mw.text.encode( url:gsub("^https?://", "") ) .. ']</span>' ) end return table.concat(links, "<br/>") end -------------------------------------------------- -- Row builder -------------------------------------------------- local function buildRow(label, value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Grouped rows (a main field with an indented "subset" row nested under -- it, e.g. THHL under the main time zone) -- mirrors both the old HTML -- template's own mergedrow/mergedbottomrow nesting for Souree/TTLS, and -- the bullet sub-row convention used elsewhere in this project's newer -- Lua modules (e.g. Earroo yn phobble's Ooley/Coontey-pobble rows). Only -- the last row that actually has a value gets the horizontal ruling that -- separates this whole group from the next field, so the main row and -- its subset row(s) read as one continuous section, exactly like the -- English Wikipedia's own "Time zone" / "Summer (DST)" pairing. -------------------------------------------------- local function appendGroupedRows(rows, items) local present = {} for _, item in ipairs(items) do if item.value and item.value ~= "" then table.insert(present, item) end end for idx, item in ipairs(present) do local border = (idx == #present) and "border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;" or "" if item.indent then table.insert( rows, '<tr><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:normal; padding-left:0.9em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; ' .. border .. '">' .. '•&nbsp;' .. item.label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; ' .. border .. '">' .. item.value .. '</td></tr>' ) else table.insert( rows, '<tr><th style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap; ' .. 'text-align:left; font-weight:bold; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; ' .. border .. '">' .. item.label .. '</th>' .. '<td style="vertical-align:top; padding-left:0.4em; ' .. 'padding-right:0.4em; ' .. border .. '">' .. item.value .. '</td></tr>' ) end end end -------------------------------------------------- -- Website row -------------------------------------------------- local function buildWebsiteRow(value) if not value or value == "" then return nil end return '<tr>' .. '<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; ' .. 'padding:0.4em;">' .. value .. '</td>' .. '</tr>' end -------------------------------------------------- -- Main -------------------------------------------------- function p.main(frame, args) if not args then args = frame:getParent().args end local rows = {} -------------------------------------------------- -- Time zone (+ THHL, a subset/nested row -- never shown on its own) -------------------------------------------------- -- Two SEPARATE manual fields, not two spellings of one field (this -- was wrong before -- corrected per your example wikitext): -- -- cryss_hraa (new) / traa_ynnydagh (old) -- the zone's NAME, e.g. -- "[[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]]" -- ashchur / ashchur_utc (both old; no distinct new name given yet) -- -- the actual UTC OFFSET itself, e.g. "+0:00" -- -- When both are given they combine into one display, exactly as -- confirmed: "[[UTC+00:00]] ([[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]])" -- not -- everywhere on UTC+00:00 is GMT (Western European Time/WET is the -- same offset), so the name is never inferred from the offset or -- vice versa, only ever combined from whatever was actually given. -- Either one can still stand alone, matching how existing articles -- may only have set one of the two. -- -- Citation/footnote (new -- this field had neither before): -- imraa_cryss_hraa -- noteyn_cryss_hraa local manualZoneName = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa", "traa_ynnydagh" }) local manualZoneOffset = getManual(args, { "ashchur", "ashchur_utc" }) local imraaCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa" }) local noteynCryssHraa = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa" }) -- mainZoneValue: the main "Cryss hraa" row's value, from whichever -- source applies. wikidataDaylightValue: only set when the main zone -- came from Wikidata AND it has a standard/daylight-saving pair -- -- this is the THHL subset row's value on that path (see below). local mainZoneValue = nil local wikidataDaylightValue = nil if manualZoneName or manualZoneOffset then mainZoneValue = applyRefNote( combineNameAndOffset(manualZoneOffset, manualZoneName), imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame ) else local standardText, daylightText = buildTimezone() if standardText then mainZoneValue = applyRefNote(standardText, imraaCryssHraa, noteynCryssHraa, frame) wikidataDaylightValue = daylightText end end -- Backwards-compatible daylight-saving source. Same NAME + OFFSET -- split as the main time-zone field above, mirrored for the -- daylight-saving row: -- -- cryss_hraa_thhl (new) / traa_ynnydagh_TTLS (old) -- the DST -- zone's NAME, e.g. "[[Traa Houree Ghoaldagh|BST]]" -- ashchur_TTLS (inferred, unconfirmed -- see chat) / ashchur_utc_TTLS -- (old, confirmed) -- the DST OFFSET itself, e.g. "+1:00" -- -- Bare `TTLS` (from the original draft) has been dropped: it doesn't -- fit a two-field model (was it the name or the offset?) and wasn't -- among the parameters you confirmed -- flagged in chat rather than -- guessed back in. -- -- `note_TTLS` (old) and `noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl` (new, same field) -- are treated as the same note, kept as its own row exactly as -- before. `imraa_cryss_hraa_thhl` (new) is a citation appended -- directly to the combined value -- this field never had a citation -- option at all before. -- -- THHL is a *subset* of the main time zone, exactly as on the -- English Wikipedia's own "Time zone" / "Summer (DST)" pairing, and -- exactly as the old HTML template itself already did (its own TTLS -- row was nested inside the same #if as the main traa_ynnydagh row) -- -- so it's only ever shown alongside a main zone row, never alone. local manualTtlsName = getManual(args, { "cryss_hraa_thhl", "traa_ynnydagh_TTLS" }) local manualTtlsOffset = getManual(args, { "ashchur_TTLS", "ashchur_utc_TTLS" }) local noteTTLS = getManual(args, { "noteyn_cryss_hraa_thhl", "note_TTLS" }) local imraaTTLS = getManual(args, { "imraa_cryss_hraa_thhl" }) local thhlValue = nil if mainZoneValue then if manualTtlsName or manualTtlsOffset then thhlValue = applyRefNote( combineNameAndOffset(manualTtlsOffset, manualTtlsName), imraaTTLS, nil, frame ) else thhlValue = wikidataDaylightValue end end appendGroupedRows(rows, { { label = "[[Cryss hraa]]", value = mainZoneValue }, { label = "Sourey&nbsp;([[Traa hashtee hollys y laa|THHL]])", value = thhlValue, indent = true }, }) if noteTTLS then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "", noteTTLS ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Date format -------------------------------------------------- local dateFormat = getManual(args, { "format_date", "date_format" }) if dateFormat then table.insert( rows, buildRow( "Cummey date", dateFormat ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Calling code -------------------------------------------------- -- Parameter: coad_çhellvane (matches this row's own display label, -- "Coad çhellvane" -- confirmed as the actual parameter name, not the -- coad_fon/calling_code placeholders this draft used before). local callingCode = getManual(args, { "coad_çhellvane" }) or getStringProperty(CALLING_CODE_PROPERTY) if callingCode then if not callingCode:match("^%+") then callingCode = "+" .. callingCode end callingCode = applyRefNote( callingCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_çhellvane" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_çhellvane" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[Rolley coadyn çhellvane eddyr-ashoonagh|Coad çhellvane]]", callingCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 -------------------------------------------------- local isoCode = getManual(args, { "coad_ISO", "iso3166code" }) or getStringProperty(ISO_CODE_PROPERTY) if isoCode then isoCode = applyRefNote( isoCode, getManual(args, { "imraa_coad_iso" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_coad_iso" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[ISO 3166|Coad ISO 3166]]", isoCode ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Internet TLD -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: tld. Old parameter, retained for backwards -- compatibility: cctld (confirmed; coad_internet, this draft's earlier -- placeholder, never existed). local tld = getManual(args, { "tld", "cctld" }) or getTld() if tld then tld = applyRefNote( tld, getManual(args, { "imraa_tld" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_tld" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildRow( "[[TLD yn eddyr-voggyl]]", tld ) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Official website -------------------------------------------------- -- New parameter: ynnyd-eggey. Old parameters, retained for backwards -- compatibility: duillag, duillag_oikoil. `website` (this draft's own -- earlier placeholder, never a real parameter) has been removed -- entirely -- confirmed there's no article depending on it. local website = getManual(args, { "ynnyd-eggey", "duillag", "duillag_oikoil" }) or getWebsite() if website then website = applyRefNote( website, getManual(args, { "imraa_ynnyd-eggey" }), getManual(args, { "noteyn_ynnyd-eggey" }), frame ) table.insert( rows, buildWebsiteRow(website) ) end -------------------------------------------------- -- Nothing to display -------------------------------------------------- if #rows == 0 then return nil end return table.concat(rows) end return p 9diope91zdn4we8kauxyaiov4tv1ntq 14 55893 393314 2026-09-16T02:00:45Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Burlington, Vermont}} [[Ronney:Burlington, Vermont|Feallee]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Chittenden County, Vermont]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Vermont rere boayl cummaltit]] fh7w56ikbu2w2fgtqtcr911zf9z1vuq 393315 393314 2026-09-16T02:01:06Z MacTire02 219 Gaelg 393315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|People of Burlington, Vermont|Feallee ass Burlington, Vermont}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Burlington, Vermont}} [[Ronney:Burlington, Vermont|Feallee]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Chittenden County, Vermont]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Vermont rere boayl cummaltit]] hbbr5tztdl92rj9mmj4vymwkb6y1x33 14 55894 393316 2026-09-16T02:02:33Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cat main}} {{Commons category}} [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns Chittenden County, Vermont]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns Vermont]] qhemzobs9uw6k15nazldet7uevtuc8i 14 55895 393317 2026-09-16T02:03:40Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Chittenden County, Vermont]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns Vermont rere coontae|Chittenden]] g5xoys5dfi7a11wlb964yzkf9t5zx0r 14 55896 393318 2026-09-16T02:04:51Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Chittenden County, Vermont]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Vermont rere coontae|Chittenden]] qvnkygr9uqmqkefzacrbzftz0c27a07 14 55897 393319 2026-09-16T02:07:10Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cat main|Rolley baljaghtyn ayns Vermont#Ard-valjyn}} {{commonscat|Cities in Vermont|Ard-valjyn ayns Vermont}} [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns Sostyn Noa|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns Vermont]] e04nmq2wifm7plu402cx22pkuq9bwy3 14 55898 393320 2026-09-16T02:09:55Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns Sostyn Noa]] edt56el29u1lxbse0ug6641u9zzeo3y 14 55899 393321 2026-09-16T02:10:58Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Sostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|+Sostyn Noa]] 6j80b8fcmtoy66dkl05p7q7en195x60 14 55900 393322 2026-09-16T02:12:06Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|+Sostyn Noa]] q7kfa2ugtg4lg7bms67a2nos5g3igby 14 55901 393323 2026-09-16T02:13:03Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere ard|Hostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Sostyn Noa|Cheer-oaylleeaght]] 7cp0b928f5ap64mvjbf2gb7dcyth2d2 14 55902 393324 2026-09-16T02:14:06Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Sostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|+Sostyn Noa]] nsnoq9rzbovb3pbttk2w7x62yu10q15 14 55903 393325 2026-09-16T02:15:52Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Municipalities in Vermont|Baljaghtyn ayns Vermont}} [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Vermont| Baljaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Vermont]] [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns Sostyn Noa rere steat|Vermont]] 4n5bi6q4em7elc3996g27byvfjfb3bh 14 55904 393326 2026-09-16T02:17:31Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Populated places in Vermont|Buill chummaltit ayns Vermont}} [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Vermont]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Sostyn Noa rere steat|Vermont]] 7mh6fqkdxgx31jps13ctk80iy7ub0a4 14 55905 393327 2026-09-16T02:19:07Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Geography of Vermont|Çheer-oaylleeaght Vermont}} {{catmain}} [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Vermont|Cheer-oaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa rere steat|Vermont]] gdpvckzcv8z01525mipg8ipcaue620d 14 55906 393328 2026-09-16T02:21:56Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa| Steat]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Hostyn Noa|*Cheer-oaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|+Hostyn Noa]] 5f61yru5ebzk78jbl27vygtyuqd95ev 14 55907 393329 2026-09-16T02:24:25Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Sostyn Noa| Steat]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa rere steat| Buill chummaltit]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|+Sostyn Noa]] 62itar71i1geka9ii2amjbi1n2bol7u 14 55908 393331 2026-09-16T02:40:57Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Reiltys Vermont| Gurneilys]] [[Ronney:Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn Noa|Vermont]] r20eeqhq3vys5goovjxlbk6wltvpihr 14 55909 393332 2026-09-16T02:42:23Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Government of Vermont|Reiltys Vermont}} [[Ronney:Vermont]] [[Ronney:Reiltyssyn steat ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|Vermont]] 8xmm2p5wzohdjfnwy5xve9ik024443s 14 55910 393333 2026-09-16T02:44:48Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns Sostyn Noa| Steat]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh Hostyn Noa rere steat| Baljaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Sostyn Noa rere steat| Baljaghtyn]] [[Ronney:Baljaghtyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat|+Sostyn Noa]] 0sr2ogp9ikpi29uynflcq8fcwqncce4 14 55911 393334 2026-09-16T02:46:22Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa rere steat| Rheynnyn reiragh]] [[Ronney:Rheynnyn reiragh ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat ny thalloo|+Hostyn Noa]] k8ubogf67rx690l9b487q6d3nslc4ye 14 55912 393339 2026-09-16T02:56:30Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moir-ronney}} [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Vermont rere coontae| Ard-valjyn]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns Vermont| Coontae]] [[Ronney:Ard-valjyn ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere coontae|Vermont]] dmpizlrb5i53glseks17bkekh6n9hs8 14 55913 393340 2026-09-16T02:58:36Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moir-ronney}} [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Vermont| Coontae]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere coontae|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Sostyn Noa rere coontae|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Vermont rere coontae| Buill]] evppel20x1q86733scgzot41uckg3z5 14 55914 393341 2026-09-16T03:01:04Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moir-ronney}} [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Vermont| Coontae]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ayns Vermont| Cheeroaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat as coontae|Vermont]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa rere steat as coontae|Vermont]] k8v1drued4wsm2gqj3ferrjekhizigr 14 55915 393342 2026-09-16T03:02:54Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Counties of Vermont|Coondaeghyn Vermont}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vermont}} [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn Hostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Vermont|Coondaeghyn]] [[Ronney:Reiltys Vermont|Coondaeghyn]] 5ibjxyo5vmwsy0quel79vt4s6uceqps 393348 393342 2026-09-16T03:07:36Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 393348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons cat|Counties of Vermont|Coondaeghyn Vermont}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vermont}} [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ayns Sostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Vermont|Coondaeghyn]] [[Ronney:Reiltys Vermont|Coondaeghyn]] 1p7w22j9ttdt0q0gablz6q4jeuetqng 14 55916 393343 2026-09-16T03:04:00Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393343 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|+Hostyn Noa]] 1ji5shyxuttx749ww1f0niiibi5yfrf 393346 393343 2026-09-16T03:07:11Z MacTire02 219 MacTire02 moved page [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn Hostyn Noa]] to [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ayns Sostyn Noa]] without leaving a redirect 393343 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|+Hostyn Noa]] 1ji5shyxuttx749ww1f0niiibi5yfrf 393347 393346 2026-09-16T03:07:22Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 393347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|+Sostyn Noa]] m98bmvoypxnk7dicv5yi7g3dlvu68uq 14 55917 393344 2026-09-16T03:05:52Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393344 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa rere steat| Coontae]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ayns Sostyn Noa|*Cheer-oaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ree steat as coontae|+Hostyn Noa]] klfa272jb4cjvp890w7mzhgfkfl9ag5 393345 393344 2026-09-16T03:06:39Z MacTire02 219 lettyraghey 393345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Hostyn Noa rere steat| Coontae]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ayns Sostyn Noa|*Cheer-oaylleeaght]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere steat as coontae|+Hostyn Noa]] kdwmecza0cot14loknbesuerj12fzph 14 55918 393349 2026-09-16T03:09:18Z MacTire02 219 ronney noa 393349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Sostyn Noa| Coontae]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ayns Sostyn Noa|*]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere çheer|+Sostyn Noa]] fmome55z6hv14nw1c43h40j2dzqwq5r 393350 393349 2026-09-16T03:10:14Z MacTire02 219 ronney elley 393350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns Sostyn Noa| Coontae]] [[Ronney:Coondaeghyn ayns Sostyn Noa|*]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit rere coontae|+Sostyn Noa]] m0tc12vfssk3a4pih6w941rbyr6flzt