Wikipedia:Ynnyd y phobble

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== Wikidata event 17th January looking for speakers of indigenous UK languages ==

Apologies for the English language post. Before Christmas I posted about this event [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2 Revitalising UK history (Series 2)] however due to a tech issue it has had to be rescheduled for '''Saturday 17th January 2026''' 

We'd love to be able to add multilingual labels to UK figures in a range of languages, including Manx if possible so if there is anyone here with an interest in learning more about Wikidata or adding multilingual labels, you'd be very welcome.  

More information and registration can be found at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Revitalizing_UK_History_2 [[Ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|resoonaght]]) 15:09, 7 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC)

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
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;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
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== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
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[[Ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|resoonaght]]) 13:21, 18 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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21:01, 19 Jerrey Geuree 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:42, 18 Toshiaght Arree 2026 (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 - how to take part ==
Apologies for the English message. If there are keen photographers here, I just wanted to let you know about [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_England Wiki Loves Folklore]. Wiki Loves Folklore is a photographic competition that celebrates our intangible cultural heritage. So if you have photos of a festival, a dance, a traditional food or anything else relating to the Isle of Man's cultural heritage, you can upload them through the link above for submission to the competition and for Wikipedians to use in future articles!

All 4 nations of the UK are taking part so if you have pics from [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Wales Wales], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Scotland Scotland] or [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026_in_Ireland Northern Ireland] (organised by Wikimedia Community Ireland), we'd love those too! You can upload them through the relevant nation pages (follow the links from the name above)
[[Ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|Gemma Coleman (WMUK)]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:Gemma Coleman (WMUK)|resoonaght]]) 09:13, 25 Toshiaght Arree 2026 (UTC)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|resoonaght]]) 17:11, 3 Averil 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Resooney ymmydeyr:MediaWiki message delivery|resoonaght]]) 00:57, 26 Averil 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Boaldyn 2026 (UTC)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|resoonaght]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Mean Souree 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
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-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Mean Souree 2026 (UTC)
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Jerrey Souree 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon&lt;/span&gt; ==
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&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

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[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Mean Fouyir 2026 (UTC)
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== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
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Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
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      <sha1>jzs5xr6s6iqcwfgeaq60n83od26bnf0</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Greenlynn</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2439</id>
    <revision>
      <id>393547</id>
      <parentid>393546</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T12:54:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MacTire02</username>
        <id>219</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>++</comment>
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      <text bytes="6238" sha1="jkmq11j1o8ivikbslh02pdeldrvle5n" xml:space="preserve">{{Kishtey fys çheer
|ennym                    = Greenlynn
|ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Kalaallit Nunaat {{small|([[Greenlynnish]])}}}}
|ennym_gienneydagh        = Ghreenlynn
|jarroo-raa               = none
|arrane_ashoonagh         = [[Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit]]
|çhyndaa_arrane_ashoonagh = Uss, y Shenn Thalloo Ain
|çhengey_arrane_ashoonagh = Greenlynnish
|coadan_arrane_ashoonagh  = Nunarput.ogg
|arrane_reeoil            = [[Kong Christian stod ved højen mast]]
|çhengey_arrane_reeoil    = Danvargish
|noteyn_arrane_reeoil     = Ta staydys corrym rish yn arrane ashoonagh ec &quot;Kong Christian&quot; agh cha nel eh ymmydit dy cadjin agh ec cooishyn [[kiaull onnoryn|reeoil]] as caggee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Not one but two national anthems|url=http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems/|publisher=[[Shirveishaght Chooishyn Joarree (y Danvarg)|Shirveishaght Cooishyn Joarree yn Danvarg]]|access-date=18 Boaldyn 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515093426/http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems|archive-date=15 Boaldyn 2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|çhyndaa_arrane_reeoil    = Hass Ree Christian liorish y chroan ooasle
|coadan_arrane_reeoil     = United States Navy Band - Kong Kristian stod ved højen mast.ogg
|çhengaghyn_oikoil        = [[Greenlynnish]]
|noteyn_çhengaghyn_oikoil = She Greenlynnish yn ynrican çhengey oikoil ayns Greenlynn veih'n vlein 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;selvstyre&quot;&gt;{{da jalloo}} [http://nyhederne-dyn.tv2.dk/article.php/id-23165644:gr%C3%B8nland-g%C3%A5r-over-til-selvstyre.html?rss TV 2 Nyhederne – &quot;Grønland går over til selvstyre&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809031528/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/2009-06-21-groenland-gaar-over-til-selvstyre |date=9 Luanistyn 2023}} TV 2 Nyhederne (''[[TV 2 (y Danvarg)|TV 2]]'') – Ved overgangen til selvstyre, er grønlandsk nu det officielle sprog. Feddynit er 22 Jerrey Geuree 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|sorçh_reiltys            = [[Jee-veanaghey|Reiltys jee-veanit]] çheusthie jeh [[monarkaght vunraghtoil]] pharlamaidagh
|blein_LTS_CCK            = 2023
|LTS_CCK                  = {{Increase}} $4.487&amp;nbsp;billoon&lt;ref name=&quot;Greenland GDP: PPP&quot;&gt;{{Cite website |url=https://www.ceicdata.com/en/greenland/gross-domestic-product-purchasing-power-parity/gdp-ppp |title=Greenland GDP: PPP |publisher=ISI Markets |isbn=978-87-986787-7-9 |issn=1602-5709 |access-date=18 Mean Fouyir 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney      = {{Increase}} $78,906&lt;ref name=&quot;Greenland GDP: PPP&quot;/&gt;
| ALD                     = {{increase}} 0.852&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Greenland Human Development Reports|author=Insightorium|date=4 Jerrey Geuree 2026 |url=https://archive.org/details/greenland-human-development-reports |access-date=4 Jerrey Geuree 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| blein_ALD               = 2023
| Gini                    = {{increase}} 56.0&lt;ref name=&quot;wb-gini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hasell |first1=Joe |last2=Arriagada |first2=Pablo |last3=Ortiz-Ospina |first3=Esteban |last4=Roser |first4=Max |date=2023 |title=Income inequality: Gini coefficient (before tax) |work=Economic Inequality |publisher=Our World in Data |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gini-coefficient-before-tax-wid?tab=chart&amp;country=~GRL |access-date=23 Mayrnt 2025}} &lt;/ref&gt;
| blein_Gini              = 2023
| taghyrt1_bunnit         = Soiaghey [[Shenn-Eskimagh|Shenn-Inuitagh]]
| date1_bunnit            = {{circa|2500&amp;nbsp;RC}}
| taghyrt2_bunnit         = [[Soiaghey Loghlynagh ayns America Hwoaie|Soiaghey ny Loghlynee]]
| date2_bunnit            = 986&amp;nbsp;BNJ
| taghyrt3_bunnit         = [[Reeriaght Norlynn (872–1397)|Co-unnaneyssey Loghlynee Ghreenlynnagh rish Norlynn]]
| date3_bunnit            = 1262
| taghyrt4_bunnit         = [[Coloinyn harrish mooir y Danvarg|Aa-chummaltys as coloinagh Danvargagh-Norlynnagh]]
| date4_bunnit            = 1721
| taghyrt5_bunnit         = [[Conaant Kiel|Co-unnaneyssey rish y Danvarg]]
| date5_bunit             = 14 Jerrey Geuree 1814
| taghyrt6_bunnit         = [[Reill thie]]
| date6_bunnit            = 1 Boaldyn 1979
| taghyrt7_bunnit         = [[Hene-reiltys]] s'odjey
| date7_bunnit            = 21 Mean Souree 2009&lt;ref name=selvstyre /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;selfrule&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 Mean Souree 2009 |title=Self-rule introduced in Greenland |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8111292.stm |url-status=live |access-date=4 Boaldyn 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425041746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8111292.stm |archive-date=25 Averil 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|traa_ynnydagh                = 
|ashchur_utc                  = [[UTC+00:00]] dys [[UTC-04:00]]
|traa_ynnydagh_TTLS           = 
|ashchur_utc_TTLS             = 
|coad_çhellvane               = 299
}}
Ta '''Greenlynn''' ny '''Çheer y Sniaghtey''' ({{langx|kl|Kalaallit Nunaat}}, {{langx|da|Grønland}}) ny çheer hene-reiragh jeh chooid ny [[Yn Danvarg|Danvarg]] ta ny lhie eddyr [[Mooir yn Arctagh]] as [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], çheu hiar veih [[Ellanragh Arctagh ny Canadey]]. Faagail magh dy vel Greenlynn ny h-ashoon ellanagh Arctagh rere fish-heeroaylleeaght as kynney-oaylleeaght, as dy vel ee ny cooid jeh mooar-rheynn [[America Hwoaie]] rere çheeroaylleeaght, t'ee kianglt lesh [[yn Oarpey]], [[yn Eeslynn]], [[Yn Danvarg|y Danvarg]] as [[Norlynn]] er lheh, rere politickaght as shennaghys. 'Sy vlein 1978, hug reiltys ny Danvarg reill thie gys ny Greenlynnee, as haink urree dy ve ny h-oltey jeh'n ''[[Rigsfællesskabet|Rigsfællesskab]]''. She Greenlynn yn ellan smoo 'sy dowan, as ish ny smoo na daa villioon kilometeryn kerrinagh er eaghtyr.

==Noteyn==
{{notelist}}

==Imraaghyn==
{{reflist}}

{{Yn Americkey Hwoaie}}
{{Yn Choonseil Nordagh}}
{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}
{{bun}}

[[Ronney:Greenlynn| ]]
[[Ronney:Steatyn Creestee]]
[[Ronney:Croghaneyn Danvargagh]]
[[Ronney:Rheaym y Danvarg]]
[[Ronney:Croghaneyn America Hwoaie]]
[[Ronney:Eear-choloinyn Norlynnagh]]
[[Ronney:Thallooyn ny h-Inuitee]]
[[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]]
[[Ronney:Reeriaght Norlynn (872–1397)]]
[[Ronney:Olteynyn y Choonseil Nordagh]]
[[Ronney:Ny çheeraghyn Nordagh|.]]
[[Ronney:Twoaie America]]
[[Ronney:Ardjyn yn Arctagh]]
[[Ronney:Ardjyn er lheh yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]]
[[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1979]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Towl doo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-22T02:56:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>16702</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add 7 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
      <origin>393561</origin>
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      <text bytes="257342" sha1="pcsl7oolgfr5k8qiafsxephdnm3fchs" xml:space="preserve">[[Coadan:Microquasar GRO J1655-40.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Ta'n caslys shoh taishbyney rollage çhyndaaee co-yeant veih rollage cadjin as towl doo. Ta ym-hayrn y towl doo gee stoo y rollage cadjin, as liorish shen, ta [[disc aase ry-cheilley]] gaase mygeayrt y towl doo.]]
Ta '''towl doo''' çheet er [[red rollageydagh]] cha çhionn as dy vel yn ym-hayrn echey cur lhiettrimys er scapail un nhee voish, goaill stiagh y soilshey hene. Ta sheiltynys y [[conastaght chadjin|chonastaght chadjin]] lesh [[Albert Einstein Einstein]] faaishnaghey dy nee [[glout]] çhionn dy liooar croo towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20150608&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Black Hole Hunters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/science/black-hole-event-horizon-telescope.html |date=8 Mean Souree 2015 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 Mean Souree 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609023631/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/science/black-hole-event-horizon-telescope.html |archive-date=9 Mean Souree 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta [[cagliagh (top-oaylleeaght)|cagliagh]] y linney scapail enmyssit y [[scell-linney haghyrt]]. ‘Sy chonastaght chadjin, ta scell-linney haghyrt y towl doo sealal erree red agh cha nel eh gientyn caghlaa cronnit dy h-ynnydoil as y red goll tessen.&lt;ref name =&quot;HamiltonA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=Hamilton, A.|url=http://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/schw.html|title=Journey into a Schwarzschild black hole|website=jila.colorado.edu|access-date=28 Mean Souree 2020|archive-date=3 Mean Fouyir 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903235853/https://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/schw.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shymmey aght dy vel towl doo gobbraghey myr [[corpane doo]] slane-jeant er-yn-oyr nagh vel eh aahoilshaghey soilshey erbee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Gravity from the ground up |first1=Bernard F. |last1=Schutz |author-link1=Bernard F. Schutz |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-45506-0 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_T0xxhDcsIC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202222711/https://books.google.com/books?id=P_T0xxhDcsIC |archive-date=2 Mee ny Nollick 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Davies |first=P. C. W. |author-link1=Paul Davies |date=1978 |title=Thermodynamics of Black Holes |url=http://cosmos.asu.edu/publications/papers/ThermodynamicTheoryofBlackHoles%2034.pdf |journal=[[Reports on Progress in Physics]] |type=Review |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=1313–1355 |bibcode=1978RPPh...41.1313D |doi=10.1088/0034-4885/41/8/004 |s2cid=250916407 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510184530/http://cosmos.asu.edu/publications/papers/ThermodynamicTheoryofBlackHoles%2034.pdf |archive-date=10 Boaldyn 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta [[sheiltynys y ream quantum ayns spoar-hraa cruillit]] faaishnaghey dy vel scell-linnaghyn taghyrt brooightey [[goulraght Hawking]] magh, marish y [[goulraght hermagh|spectrum cheddin]] as corpane doo as [[çhiassid]] echey t’ayns coreir contraartagh rish e ghlout. Ta’n çhiassid shen ayns [[Oardee mooadys (çhhiassid)|oardagh billoonooyn]] dy cheimyn [[kelvin]] da [[stowl doo rollageagh|tuill ghoo rollageagh]] as, kyndagh rish shen, t’eh begnagh neuyantagh dy chronnaghey eh.

Ren [[John Michell]] as [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] sursmooinaghtyn ‘sy 18oo eash er reddyn as ny [[ream ym-hayrnagh|reamyn ym-hayrnagh]] ro-niartal da scapail y toilshey. ‘Sy vlein 1916, ren [[Karl Schwarzschild]] feddyn magh y chied reggyrt noa-emshiragh jeh’n chonastaght chadjin yinnagh cur sheese er towl doo. Kyndagh rish e ronsaght chummaghtagh echey, ta [[meadraght Schwarzschild]] enmyssit ass. She [[David Finkelstein]], ‘sy vlein 1958, ren soilshaghey magh y chied tushtey er “towl doo” myr boayl ‘sy spoar raad nagh vel red erbee jargal dy scapail voish. S’foddey yn laa tra va tuill ghoo coontit myr liehaghys maddaghtoil; cha ren obbyr heiltynagh taishbyney dy nee faaishnys keintagh y chonastaght chadjin v’ad agh ayns ny 1960yn. Y chied towl doo v’er fys ain, [[Cygnus X-1]], v’eh enmyssit lesh aaronseyderyn eigsoylagh seyr veih y cheilley ‘sy vlein 1971.&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster1972&quot;&gt;{{citation |last1=Webster |first1=B. Louise |title=Cygnus&amp;nbsp;X-1—a Spectroscopic Binary with a Heavy Companion? |date=1972 |journal=[[Nature (earishlioar)|Nature]] |volume=235 |issue=5332 |pages=37–38 |type=Lettyr |bibcode=1972Natur.235...37W &lt;!--|doi=10.1038/235037a0--&gt; |s2cid=4195462 |last2=Murdin |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Murdin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bolton1972&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Bolton |first=C. T. |title=Identification of Cygnus&amp;nbsp;X-1 with HDE&amp;nbsp;226868 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1972-02-04_235_5336/page/271 |date=1972 |journal=[[Nature (earishlioar)|Nature]] |volume=235 |issue=5336 |pages=271–273 |type=Lettyr |bibcode=1972Natur.235..271B |&lt;!--doi=10.1038/235271b0 --&gt;|s2cid=4222070}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Er y chooid smoo, ta tuill ghoo crooit tra ta [[Yl-nova|rollageyn feer vooar cohuittym]] orroosyn hene ec jerrey yn [[Aafilley rollageagh|çhymshal bea]] oc. Lurg crooaght towl doo, foddee eh dy aase lesh maanalys glout veih’n çhymmyltaght mygeayrt y mysh. Foddee tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh ta cha mooar as millioonyn dy [[glout greiney|ghloutyn greiney]] dy aase lesh maanalys rollageyn elley ny lesh co-vestey rish tuill ghoo elley, ny lesh [[Towl doo jeeragh cohuittit|cohuittym jeeragh]] jeh [[bodjal gas|bodjalyn gas]]. Ta co-unnaneys ayns dy vel [[towl doo sur-ghloutagh|tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh]] ry-gheddyn ayns çheshvean y chooid smoo dy [[co-rollageys|cho-rollageyssyn]].

Foddee faare towl doo ve infearit lesh yn eddyr-obbraghey echey rish [[stoo]] as rish goulraght lectro-vagnaidagh lheid as y soilshey so-akin. Foddee stoo ta tuittym ayns troa towl doo croo [[jysk cruinnee]] jeh plasmey ta tuittym stiagh as eh er ny hiow lesh [[screebey]] as cur magh soilshey. Ayns cooishyn er lheh, t’eh shen croo [[quasar]]yn, fir jeh ny reddyn s’gilley ‘sy tuinney. Foddee rollageyn ta goll ro aggys da towl doo sur-ghloutagh ve mynghiarrit stiagh ayns strilleenyn ta soilshean feer ghial roish my jagh ad stiagh ‘sy “cluggey&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid32001633&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Clery D |year=2020 |title=Black holes caught in the act of swallowing stars |url=https://archive.org/details/science_2020-01-31_367_6477/page/495 |journal=[[Science (earishlioar)|Science]] |volume=367 |issue=6477 |page=495 |bibcode=2020Sci...367..495C |doi=10.1126/science.367.6477.495 |pmid=32001633 |s2cid=210984462 |doi-access=seyr&lt;!-- s’cosoylagh --&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; My vel rollageyn elley cruinlaghey yn towl doo, foddee ny cruinleeyn oc ve ymmydit dy chronnaghey glour as soiaghey yn towl doo. Foddee baghtyn shoh ve ymmydit dy ghoaill magh caghlaaghyn sheiltynagh elley lheid as [[rollage naeearaaneagh|rollageyn naeearaneagh]]. ‘Syn aght shoh, ta rollageydeyryn er ny chur enney er ram yeearreyderyn towl doo rollageagh ayns [[rollage yeesoil|coryssyn jeesoil]] as chur ad er bun dy nee towl doo sur-ghloutagh er mysh 4.3&amp;nbsp;millioon dy ghlout greiney eh yn voir radio ta enmyssit [[Sagittarius A*]] as ta soit ec cree yn cho-rollageys ain, [[Raad Mooar Gorree]].

== Shennaghys ==
Ren y kioneraadagh rollageydagh as y jed Sosytnagh [[John Michell]] as y sheanseyr Frangagh [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]], seyr veih y cheilley, rooishtey da’n toilshey eie corpane va cha gloutagh nagh veagh eer y soilshey jargal scapail voish. Ren y daa schoillar treeal rollageyn feer vooar, cosoyllagh rish kiaddaghyn noa-emshiragh jeh [[towl doo sur-ghloutagh|tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;origin&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Montgomery |first1=Colin |last2=Orchiston |first2=Wayne |last3=Whittingham |first3=Ian |year=2009 |orig-date=Ry-gheddyn er-linney er 18 Averil 2023 |title=Michell, Laplace and the origin of the black hole concept |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/9892/1/Microsoft_Word_-_Paper__Black_Hole_Concept_Final_.pdf |journal=[[Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage]] |type=Art ronseee |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=90–96 |bibcode=2009JAHH...12...90M |doi=10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2009.02.01 |s2cid=55890996 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yn eie lesh Michell, v’ayns ayrn giare jeh lettyr v’er ny hoilshaghey magh ‘sy vlein 1784, ren eh co-earrooaghey nagh lhiggagh rollage cha gloo as y Ghrian agh 500 keayrt ny smoo er craue raadeeoil na ish, soilshey va currit magh dy scapail; veagh y [[bieauid-jeerit scapail|vieauid-jeerit scapail]] eaghtyragh ny s’yrdjey na [[bieauid hollys]]. Chur Michell my-ner dy vees lheid ny corpaneyn sur-ghloutagh neu-ghoulraghey so-chronnalagh rere ny h-eiyrtyssyn ym-hayrnagh oc er corpaneyn so-akin faggys dauesyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;origin&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Michell |first=J. |author-link1=John Michell |date=1784 |title=On the Means of Discovering the Distance, Magnitude, &amp;c. of the Fixed Stars, in Consequence of the Diminution of the Velocity of Their Light, in Case Such a Diminution Should be Found to Take Place in any of Them, and Such Other Data Should be Procured from Observations, as Would be Farther Necessary for That Purpose |journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]] |volume=74 |pages=35–57 |bibcode=1784RSPT...74...35M |doi=10.1098/rstl.1784.0008|jstor=106576|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=thorne_123_124&gt;{{harvnb|Thorne|1994|pp=123–124}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hoshiaght, va scoillaryn y laa greesit lesh y treealtys dy row eh jargal dy row 'rollageyn dorraghey' foawragh neuakinagh cooyl-chlea ayns lane reayrt foin; ansherbee, huitt y lag-chreeys er y jeeanid shen ‘sy 19oo eash leah tra v’eh feddynit magh dy row cummey tonn ec y toilshey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Light and Electron Microscopy |first1=Elizabeth M. |last1=Slayter |first2=Henry S. |last2=Slayter |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-521-33948-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LlePVS9oq7MC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130151044/https://books.google.com/books?id=LlePVS9oq7MC |archive-date=30 Mee Houney 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Er-yn-oyr dy row yn toilshey er fys myr tonn as chan myr floag, cha row eh leayr cre’n chummaght, my vees cummaght erbee ayn, veagh ec yn ym-hayrn er tonnyn soilshey scapail.&lt;ref name=origin /&gt;&lt;ref name=thorne_123_124 /&gt;

=== Conastaght chadjin ===
{{see also|Shennaghys y chonastaght chadjin}}
{{General relativity sidebar|phenomena}}
‘Sy vlein 1911, hoilshee [[Albert Einstein]] pabyr bentyn rish troyn y tiyraghey ‘sy [[conastaght er lheh|chonastaght er lheh]], raad chur eh my-ner dy vees red ennagh ta siyraghey trooid y spoar do-rheynnagh veih red elley ayns ream ym-hayrnagh neughleashagh. Chammah’s shen, ren y pabyr faaishnaghey [[lensaghey ym-hayrnagh|cleayney yn toilshey]] lesh corpaneyn gloutagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Einstein 1911 898–908&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Einstein |first=Albert |title=Einfluss der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des Lichtes (On the Influence of Gravity on the Propagation of Light) |journal=[[Annalen der Physik]] |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=898–908 |year=1911 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1424213 |bibcode=1911AnP...340..898E &lt;!--|doi=10.1002/andp.19113401005--&gt; |author-link=Albert Einstein}} (ayns ''Collected Papers'' Ym-l. 3, docamad 23 myrgeddin)&lt;/ref&gt; ‘Sy vlein 1915, ren Einstein aaghlenney ny h-eieyn shen stiagh ayns [[sheiltynys cadjin y chonastaght|heiltynys cadjin y chonastaght]] echey, hoilshee kys ta stoo cur stiagh er y spoar-hraa as eshyn hene cur stiagh er gleashaght stoo elley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Einstein |first=Albert |author-link=Albert Einstein |date=1915 |title=Feldgleichungen der Gravitation |trans-title=Field Equations of Gravitation |journal=Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte |pages=844–847}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Janssen |first1=Michel |last2=Renn |first2=Jürgen |author-link2=Jürgen Renn |date=2015 |title=Arch and scaffold: How Einstein found his field equations |journal=[[Physics Today]] |type=Ard-art |volume=68 |issue=11 |pages=30–36 |bibcode=2015PhT....68k..30J |doi=10.1063/PT.3.2979 |hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-002A-8ED7-1 |doi-access=seyr |hdl-access=seyr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=O'Connor |first1=J J |last2=Robertson |first2=E F |author-link2=E. F. Robertson |date=Boaldyn 1996&lt;!-- last update --&gt; |title=General Relativity |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/General_relativity/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712062639/https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/General_relativity/ |archive-date=12 Jerrey Souree 2020 |access-date=22 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=MacTutor |publisher=Scoill Vaddaght as Staddyssaght, [[Ollooscoill Andreays]], Nalbin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chroo yn sheiltynys shen bun da fishig ny tuill ghoo, ga dy jinnagh Einstein eab neurahoil ny s’anmey dy obbal jargaght ny tuill ghoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Fraknoi |first1=Andrew |author-link1=Andrew Fraknoi |url=https://assets.openstax.org/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/Astronomy2e-WEB.pdf |title=Astronomy 2e |last2=Morrison |first2=David |author-link2=David Morrison (fishigagh rollageagh) |last3=Wolff |first3=Sidney C. |author-link3=Sidney C. Wolff |date=2022 |publisher=[[OpenStax]] |isbn=978-1-951693-50-3 |edition=2e |pages=839–846 |chapter=24.5 Black Holes |oclc=1322188620 |display-authors=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=10 Averil 2019 |title=Black Holes Were Such an Extreme Concept, Even Einstein Had His Doubts |url=https://www.history.com/articles/black-holes-albert-einstein-theory-relativity-space-time |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250813095832/https://www.history.com/articles/black-holes-albert-einstein-theory-relativity-space-time |archive-date=13 Luanistyn 2025 |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[History Channel|History]] |publication-date=28 Boaldyn 2025 &lt;!-- last updated --&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Einstein |first=Albert |author-link=Albert Einstein |date=10 Boaldyn 1939 |title=On a Stationary System With Spherical Symmetry Consisting of Many Gravitating Masses |journal=[[Annals of Mathematics]] |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=922–936 |doi=10.2307/1968902 |jstor=1968902 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuse veg dy veeghyn erreish da soilshaghey ny [[cormidyn ream Einstein|cormidyn ream]] lesh Einstein va cur sheese er y chonastaght chadjin, ren [[Karl Schwarzschild]] feddyn magh [[meadraght Schwarzschild|feaysley]] as eh cur sheese er y [[ream ym-hayrnagh]] jeh [[floag phonkagh#Glout ponkagh|glout ponkagh]] as jeh glout cruinn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Levy&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Levy |first1=Adam |date=11 Jerrey Geuree 2021 |title=How black holes morphed from theory to reality |url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/physical-world/2021/how-black-holes-morphed-theory-reality |journal=[[Knowable Magazine]] |doi=10.1146/knowable-010921-1 |url-access=subscription |access-date=25 Mayrnt 2022 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schwarzschild1916&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Schwarzschild |first=K. |author-link1=Karl Schwarzschild |date=1916 |title=Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie |trans-title=On the gravitational field of a mass point according to Einstein's theory&lt;!-- lesh translate.google --&gt; |url=https://archive.org/stream/sitzungsberichte1916deutsch#page/188/mode/2up |journal=Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |volume=7 |pages=189–196 |bibcode=1916SPAW.......189S |via=Internet Archive}}
* Çhyndaays: {{cite arXiv |eprint=physics/9905030 |first1=S. |last1=Antoci |first2=A. |last2=Loinger |title=On the gravitational field of a mass point according to Einstein's theory |date=12 Boaldyn 1999&lt;!-- date submitted --&gt; }} as {{cite journal |last=Schwarzschild |first=K. |author-link1=Karl Schwarzschild |date=1916 |title=Über das Gravitationsfeld einer Kugel aus inkompressibler Flüssigkeit nach der Einsteinschen Theorie |url=https://archive.org/stream/sitzungsberichte1916deutsch#page/424/mode/2up |journal=Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |volume=18 |pages=424–434 |bibcode=1916skpa.conf..424S}}
* Çhyndaays: {{cite arXiv |eprint=physics/9912033 |first1=S. |last1=Antoci |title=On the gravitational field of a sphere of incompressible fluid according to Einstein's theory |year=1999 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuse veg dy veeghyn erreish da Schwarzschild, as seyr voish, hug [[Johannes Droste]], studeyr lesh [[Hendrik Lorentz]], y feaysley cheddin da’n ghlout ponkagh as screeu eh ny s’lhea er ny troyn echey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Droste |first=J. |date=1917 |title=The field of a single centre in Einstein's theory of gravitation, and the motion of a particle in that field |url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012325.pdf |url-status=live |department=Physics |journal=Proceedings of the Section of Sciences |publisher=[[Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen]] |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=197–215 |bibcode=1917KNAB...19..197D |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518034708/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012325.pdf |archive-date=18 Boaldyn 2013 |access-date=16 Mean Fouyir 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Studies in the history of general relativity |editor1-last=Eisenstaedt |editor1-first=Jean |editor2-last=Kox |editor2-first=A. J. |isbn=978-0-8176-3479-7 |date=1992 |publisher=Birkhäuser |chapter=General Relativity in the Netherlands: 1915–1920 |last=Kox |first=A. J. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDHCF_3vIhUC&amp;pg=PA41 |page=41 |access-date=23 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |archive-date=10 Luanistyn 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810215219/https://books.google.com/books?id=vDHCF_3vIhUC&amp;pg=PA41 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ec craue raadeeoil er lheh veih çheshvean y ghlout, haink feaysley Schwarzschild dy ve ny [[singyltaght (maddaght)|hingyltaght]], v’er ny veenaghey dy daink fir jeh ny çhiarrymyn ayns cormidyn Einstein dy ve neuyerrinagh. Y dooghys jeh’n chruae raadeeoil shoh, haink de ve enmyssit [[craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild]] ny s’anmey, cha row eh  er ny hoiggal ec y traa shen.&lt;ref name=&quot;HooftHist&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last='t Hooft |first=G. |author-link1=Gerard 't Hooft |date=2009 |title=Introduction to the Theory of Black Holes |url=http://www.phys.uu.nl/~thooft/lectures/blackholes/BH_lecturenotes.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521082736/http://www.phys.uu.nl/~thooft/lectures/blackholes/BH_lecturenotes.pdf |archive-date=21 Boaldyn 2009 |access-date=24 Mean Souree 2010 |publisher=Institute for Theoretical Physics / Spinoza Institute |pages=47–48}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;paap18&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Petrescu |first1=Relly Victoria |last2=Aversa |first2=Raffaella |last3=Apicella |first3=Antonio |last4=Petrescu |first4=Florian Ion |date=11 June 2018 |title=Nasa Has Found the Most Distant Black Hole |journal=Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology |type=Review |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=31–39 |doi=10.3844/jastsp.2018.31.39 |eissn=2523-1200 |ssrn=3184263 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

‘Sy vlein 1924, haishbyn [[Arthur Eddington]] dy row yn tingyltaght er ny herraghtyn lurg caghlaa co-ordnaidyn. Ny s’anmey ‘sy vlein 1933, hoig [[Georges Lemaître]] dy row eh shen meenaghey dy nee [[singyltaght cho-ordnaidagh]] neu-ishigagh eh yn tingyltaght ec craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild.&lt;ref name=&quot;paap18&quot; /&gt; Ren Arthur Eddington resooney er licklid rollage as glout echey v’er ny chohionney dys craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild ayns lioar veih’n vlein 1926, as chur eh my-ner dy lhiggagh sheiltynys Einstein dooin faagail magh glooaghtyn ro-vooar da rollageyn so-akin lheid as [[Betelgeuse]] er-yn-oyr dy jinnagh ard-orse yn ym-hayrn cur lhiettrimys er scapail y toilshey veih’n rollage, dy jinnagh eh jiarg-arraghey y slane spectrum dy hoilshey ass mayrnaght, as dy jinnagh eh &quot;wheesh cruillaght ayns meadraght y spoar-hraa as dy ghoonagh eh mygeayrt y rollage as dy vaagagh eh shinyn çheumooie (.i. boayl erbee).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;eddington1926&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Arthur |last=Eddington |author-link=Arthur Eddington |date=1926 |title=The Internal Constitution of the Stars |series=Science |volume=52 |issue=1341 |pages=233–40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RjC9DpnWFbkC&amp;pg=PA6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811034409/https://books.google.com/books?id=RjC9DpnWFbkC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;pg=PA6 |archive-date=11 August 2016 |pmid=17747682 &lt;!--|doi=10.1126/science.52.1341.233--&gt;|bibcode=1920Sci....52..233E }} {{isbn|978-0-521-33708-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Thorne |first1=Kip S. |author-link=Kip Thorne |url=https://archive.org/details/blackholestimewa0000thor |title=Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy |last2=Hawking |first2=Stephen |author-link2=Stephen Hawking |date=1994 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]] |isbn=978-0-393-31276-8 |editor-last=Agrawal |editor-first=Milan |edition=1d |pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackholestimewa0000thor/page/134 134]–135 |quote=The first conclusion was the Newtonian version of light not escaping; the second was a semi-accurate, relativistic description; and the third was typical Eddingtonian hyperbole{{nbsp}}[...] when a star is as small as the critical circumference, the curvature is strong but not infinite, and space is definitely not wrapped around the star. Eddington may have known this, but his description made a good story, and it captured in a whimsical way the spirit of Schwarzschild's spacetime curvature.&quot; |access-date=12 April 2019 |url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

As eh gymmydey yn chonastaght er lheh, ren [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] co-earrooaghey ‘sy vlein 1931 nagh vel feaysley shickyr erbee ec corpane neu-hyndaaee jeh [[stoo lectrane-jeeghiennit]] ny s’yrdjey na glout caglee er lheh (ta enmyssit jiu myr [[cagliagh Chandrasekhar]] er {{Solar mass|1.4}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;venkataraman92&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Venkataraman |first=G. |author-link=Ganeshan Venkataraman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HNSdDFOJ4wkC&amp;pg=PA89 |title=Chandrasekhar and his limit |date=1992 |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-81-7371-035-3 |page=89 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811035848/https://books.google.com/books?id=HNSdDFOJ4wkC&amp;pg=PA89 |archive-date=11 Luanistyn 2016 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hass ram jeh ny h-ard-scoillaryn co-emshiragh echey noi ny h-arganeyssyn v’echey, lheid as Eddington as [[Lev Landau]] quoi ren resooney dy vees obbrinaght ennagh nagh row er fys ain foast cur lhiettrimys er y chohuittym.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Detweiler |first=S. |author-link=Steven Detweiler |date=1981 |title=Resource letter BH-1: Black holes |journal=[[American Journal of Physics]] |type=Pabyr |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=394–400 |bibcode=1981AmJPh..49..394D |doi=10.1119/1.12686}}&lt;/ref&gt; V’ad lieh-chiart: nee [[crivassan bane]] ta beggan ny smoo gloutagh na cagliagh Chandrasekhar cohuittym ersyn hene myr [[rollage naeearaneagh]] as ee shickyr er e son hene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Harpaz |first1=A. |date=1994 |title=Stellar evolution |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kd4VEZv8oo0C&amp;pg=PA105 |publisher=[[A K Peters, Ltd.|A K Peters]] |page=105 |isbn=978-1-56881-012-6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811025449/https://books.google.com/books?id=kd4VEZv8oo0C&amp;pg=PA105 |archive-date=11 Luanistyn 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

‘Sy vlein 1939, as bunnit er resoonaght Chandrasekhar, ren [[Robert Oppenheimer]] as [[George Volkoff]] faaishnaghey dy jinnagh rollageyn naeearaneagh ny s’yrdjey na cagliagh glout elley, ta enmyssit jiu myr [[cagliagh Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff]], cohuittym ny s’odjey, as ren ad briwnys nagh veagh eh liklee dy vees leigh ishig erbee cur lhiettrimys er cohuittym rollageyn eigsoylagh stiagh orroosyn hene myr tuill ghoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;OV1939&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Oppenheimer |first1=J. R. |author-link1=J. Robert Oppenheimer |last2=Volkoff |first2=G. M. |author-link2=George Volkoff |date=1939 |title=On Massive Neutron Cores |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1939-02-15_55_4/page/374 |journal=[[Physical Review]] |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=374–381 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.55.374|bibcode=1939PhRv...55..374O}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ren ny co-earrooyn bunneydagh v’oc, va bunnit er [[prinsabyl dooney-magh Pauli]], gra dy nee {{Solar mass|0.7}} y cagliagh. Ren sursmooinaght eiyrtyssagh er cur-ergooyl naeearane–naeearane as sheealtagh jeant er lesh y forse niartal, yrdjaghey yn ooley dys earroo eddyr mysh {{Solar mass|1.5}} as {{Solar mass|3.0}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bombaci&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |first=I. |last=Bombaci |date=1996 |title=The Maximum Mass of a Neutron Star |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomy-and-astrophysics_1996-01_305_3/page/871 |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=305 |pages=871–877 |bibcode=1996A&amp;A...305..871B}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta baghtyn er covestey yn rollage naeearanagh [[GW170817]], t’er credjal ain dy row towl doo crooit tammylt beg ny yei, er ny aaghlenney ooley yn chaglee TOV da ~{{Solar mass|2.17}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cho2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Cho |first=A. |date=16 Toshiaght Arree 2018 |title=A weight limit emerges for neutron stars |url=https://archive.org/details/science_2018-02-16_359_6377/page/724 |journal=Science |type=News |volume=359 |issue=6377 |pages=724–725 |bibcode=2018Sci...359..724C |doi=10.1126/science.359.6377.724 |pmid=29449468}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Margalit2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Margalit |first1=B. |last2=Metzger |first2=B. D. |date=1 Mee ny Nollick 2017 |title=Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817 |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Letters]] |type=Art |volume=850 |issue=2 |page=L19 |arxiv=1710.05938 |bibcode=2017ApJ...850L..19M |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/aa991c |s2cid=119342447 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shibata2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Shibata M, Fujibayashi S, Hotokezaka K, Kiuchi K, Kyutoku K, Sekiguchi Y, Tanaka M |date=22 Mee ny Nollick 2017 |title=Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications |journal=[[Physical Review D]] |type=Art |volume=96 |issue=12 |arxiv=1710.07579 |bibcode=2017PhRvD..96l3012S |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.96.123012 |s2cid=119206732 |article-number=123012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruiz2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Ruiz M, [[Stuart L. Shapiro|Shapiro SL]], Tsokaros A |date=11 Jerrey Geuree 2018 |title=GW170817, general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, and the neutron star maximum mass |journal=[[Physical Review D]] |type=Rapid communication |volume=97 |issue=2 |arxiv=1711.00473 |bibcode=2018PhRvD..97b1501R |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.97.021501 |pmc=6036631 |pmid=30003183 |article-number=021501}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rezzolla2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=[[Luciano Rezzolla|Rezzolla L]], Most ER, Weih LR |date=9 Jerrey Geuree 2018 |title=Using Gravitational-wave Observations and Quasi-universal Relations to Constrain the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Letters]] |type=Article |volume=852 |issue=2 |page=L25 |arxiv=1711.00314 |bibcode=2018ApJ...852L..25R |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/aaa401 |s2cid=119359694 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ren Oppenheimer as e cho-ughtaryn soilshaghey yn tingyltaght ec cagliagh chraue raadeeoil Schwarzschild myr cowreyder dy nee cagliagh bolgan eh raad ta’n traa er ny scuirr.&lt;ref name=&quot;OV1939&quot; /&gt;{{rp |page=380–381 |quote=There would then seem to be only two answers possible to the question of the behavior of very massive stars: either the equation of state we have used so far fails to describe the behavior of highly condensed matter that the conclusions reached above are qualitatively misleading, or the star will continue to contract indefinitely, never reaching equilibrium.}} Shoh boayl reayrtys breeoil da fakideryn mooie, agh chan da fakideryn ta tuittym stiagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruffini-2011&quot; /&gt; Ny s’anmey, ren [[John Archibald Wheeler|John Wheeler]] cur sheese er tuill ghoo myr “rollageyn riojit” dauesyn ta jeeaghyn stiagh orroo veih fraamey ogheragh mooie kyndagh rish y lheanaghey traa ym-hayrnagh, gyn slane cohuittym.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruffini-2011&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ruffini |first1=R. |author-link1=Remo Ruffini |last2=Wheeler |first2=J. A. |author-link2=John Archibald Wheeler |date=1971 |title=Introducing the black hole |url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/14972/1/Ruffini2009p1645Phys_Today.pdf |journal=[[Physics Today]] |type=Feature article |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=30–41 |bibcode=1971PhT....24a..30R |doi=10.1063/1.3022513 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725133758/http://authors.library.caltech.edu/14972/1/Ruffini2009p1645Phys_Today.pdf |archive-date=25 Jerrey Souree 2011 |access-date=5 Mee ny Nollick 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

‘Sy vlein cheddin, ren Einstein eab dy phrowal nagh vel tuill ghoo jantagh ‘sy chlou echey, &quot;On a Stationary System with Spherical Symmetry Consisting of Many Gravitating Masses&quot;, raad ren eh ymmyd jeh sheiltynys y chonastaght chadjin echey dy choadey yn arganeys echey.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernstein-2007&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Bernstein |first=Jeremy |author-link=Jeremy Bernstein |date=2007 |title=The Reluctant Father of Black Holes |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reluctant-father-of-black-holes-2007-04/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2023 |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |pages=4–11 |language=Baarle |volume=17 &lt;!--|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0407-4sp--&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Reggyryn dy veeghyn ny s’anmey, ren Oppenheimer as e studeyr [[Hartland Snyder]] kiarail [[kiaddey Oppenheimer–Snyder]] ‘sy phabyr oc &quot;On Continued Gravitational Contraction&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Oppenheimer |first1=J.R. |author-link=J. Robert Oppenheimer |last2=Snyder |first2=H. |author-link2=Hartland Snyder |year=1939 |title=On Continued Gravitational Contraction |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1939-09-01_56_5/page/455 |journal=[[Physical Review]] |type=Highlighted article |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=455–459 |bibcode=1939PhRv...56..455O |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.56.455 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ren faaishnaghey mayrnaght tuill ghoo. ‘Sy phabyr shen, raad nagh row clou Einstein er gerrid imraait, ren Oppenheimer as Snyder ymmyd jeh sheiltynys Einstein hene y chonastaght chadjin dy haishbyney ny foaynooyn lhisagh ve ayn son lhiasaghey towl doo da’n chied cheayrt ‘syn ishig cho-emshiragh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernstein-2007&quot; /&gt;

‘Sy vlein 1958, hoilshee [[David Finkelstein]] dy nee scell-linney haghyrt eh laare Schwarzschild, as dooyrt eh dy nee far-chrackan un-troagh fondagh t’ayn raad dy vel cummaghtyn cooishagh goll tessen ayns un troa ny lomarcan.{{Efn|&quot;a perfect unidirectional membrane: causal influences can cross it in only one direction&quot;}} ‘Sy cheeall shen, cha nel taghyrtyn çheusthie jeh’n towl doo jargal gleashaghey er, ny bentyn rish, taghyrtyn çheumooie jeh’n towl too.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Finkelstein |first=D. |author-link1=David Finkelstein |date=1958 |title=Past-Future Asymmetry of the Gravitational Field of a Point Particle |journal=[[Physical Review]] |type=Art |volume=110 |issue=4 |pages=965–967 |bibcode=1958PhRv..110..965F |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.110.965}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chroo Finkelstein [[Co-ordnaidyn Kruskal–Szekeres|fraamey ogheragh]] noa dy chummal stiagh boayl reayrtys ny fakideryn ta tuittym stiagh.&lt;ref name=Bartusiak/&gt;{{rp|103}} Ren feaysley Finkelstein sheeyney feaysley Schwarzschild da traa ry-heet ny fakideryn ta tuittym stiagh ayns towl doo. Va smooinaght cheddin er ny ve feddynit magh ec [[Martin Kruskal]] hannah hene, agh ec y traa shen cha row yn scansh echey slane toiggit.&lt;ref name=Bartusiak/&gt;{{rp|103}}

===Yn eash airhey===
[[Coadan:BH-JPL-A&amp;A1979.jpg|thumb|Y chied jalloo yn-soyllit jeh towl doo, crooit lesh [[Jean-Pierre Luminet]] ‘sy vlein 1978 as taishbyney yn scaa cowreydagh, y [[sfeyr photon]], as y [[jysk cruinnee]] [[lensaghey ym-hayrnagh|lensit]]. Ta’n jysk ny s’gilley er un çheu kyndagh rish [[goullaghey Doppler]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Luminet |first=J.-P. |date=Boaldyn 1979 |title=Image of a spherical black hole with thin accretion disk. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1979A&amp;A....75..228L/abstract |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=Baarle |volume=75 |pages=228–235 |bibcode=1979A&amp;A....75..228L |issn=0004-6361}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=French National Centre for Scientific Research |title=First ever image of a black hole: a CNRS researcher had simulated it as early as 1979 |url=https://www.cnrs.fr/en/press/first-ever-image-black-hole-cnrs-researcher-had-simulated-it-early-1979 |website=CNRS |date=10 Averil 2019 |access-date=18 Mean Souree 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Ta’n eash eddyr ny 1960yn meanagh as ny 1970yn meanagh coontit myr “eash airhey ronsaght ny tuill ghoo” tra haiink y chonastaght chadjin as tuill ghoo dy ve coontit mastey ny bun-chooishyn ronsee cadjin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Thorne |first1=Kip |author-link=Kip Thorne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yLy4b61rfPwC |title=The future of theoretical physics and cosmology: celebrating Stephen Hawking's 60th birthday |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2003 |isbn=0-521-82081-2 |veditors=Shellard ES, [[Gary Gibbons|Gibbons GW]], Rankin SJ |page=74 |chapter=5. Warping spacetime}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Thorne |first=Kip |author-link=Kip Thorne |title=Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy (Commonwealth Fund Book Program) |date=1995 |publisher=W. W. Norton &amp; Company, Incorporated |isbn=978-0-393-31276-8 |edition=1 |series=Commonwealth Fund Book Program Series |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p=258}}

‘Syn eash shoh, va tooilley feayslaghyn cadjin bentyn rish tuill ghoo er ny gheddyn magh. ‘Sy vlein 1963, ren [[Roy Kerr]] feddyn magh [[Meadraght Kerr|y feaysley cruinn]] da [[towl doo çhyndaaee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Kerr |first=R. P. |author-link=Roy Kerr |title=The Kerr Spacetime |date=2009 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-88512-6 |editor1-last=Wiltshire |editor1-first=D. L. |chapter=Discovering the Kerr and Kerr-Schild metrics |bibcode=2007arXiv0706.1109K |editor2-last=Visser |editor2-first=M. |editor3-last=Scott |editor3-first=S. M. |arxiv=0706.1109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Hooper |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Hooper |date=27 Mee ny Nollick 2019 |title=The Discovery of Black Holes: From Theory to Actuality |url=https://www.wondriumdaily.com/the-discovery-of-black-holes-from-theory-to-actuality/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925103539/https://www.wondriumdaily.com/the-discovery-of-black-holes-from-theory-to-actuality/ |archive-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2022 |access-date=29 Mean Souree 2022 |website=Wondrium Daily |publisher=[[The Teaching Company]] |language=Baarle |publication-place=y Virjeeney, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daa vlein ny s’anmey, ren [[Ezra T. Newman|Ezra Newman]] feddyn magh y feaysley [[Shimmeadraght hyndaaee#Shimmeadraght hyndaaee bentyn rish uillin erbee|shimmeadragh rollianagh]] da towl doo ta çhyndaa as [[lughtit dy lectragh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |display-authors=1 |vauthors=[[Ezra T. Newman|Newman ET]], Couch E, Chinnapared K, Exton A, Prakash A, Torrence R |date=1965 |title=Metric of a Rotating, Charged Mass |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-mathematics-and-physics_1965-06_6_6/page/918 |journal=[[Journal of Mathematical Physics]] |type=Art ronsee |volume=6 |issue=6 |page=918 |bibcode=1965JMP.....6..918N |doi=10.1063/1.1704351}}&lt;/ref&gt;

‘Sy vlein 1967, chur [[Werner Israel]] er bun dy nee feaysley Schwarzschild yn ynrican feaysley jantagh da towl doo neulughtit neu-hyndaaee as nagh vees tooilley parameadaryn elley echey. ‘Sy cheeall shen, lhisagh towl doo Schwarzschild ve meenit lesh e [[glout|ghlout]] ny lomarcan, as lhisagh daa howl doo Schwarzschild as y glout cheddin oc ve unnane rish y cheilley.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Israel |first=W. |author-link=Werner Israel |date=1967 |title=Event Horizons in Static Vacuum Space-Times |journal=[[Physical Review]] |type=Art |volume=164 |issue=5 |page=1776 |bibcode=1967PhRv..164.1776I |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.164.1776}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny s’anmey, ren Israel feddyn magh nagh row tuill ghoo Reissner–Nordstrom meenit agh rere y glout as y lughtey lectragh oc, choud’s ren [[Brandon Carter]] feddyn magh nagh row agh daa [[keim seyrsnys|cheim seyrsnys]] oc, y glout as y [[momentum uillinagh|çhyndaa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Carter |first=B. |author-link1=Brandon Carter |date=1971 |title=Axisymmetric Black Hole Has Only Two Degrees of Freedom |department=Elementary Particles and Fields |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |type=Lettyr |volume=26 |issue=6 |page=331 |bibcode=1971PhRvL..26..331C |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.26.331}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Carter |first=B. |author-link1=Brandon Carter |date=1977 |chapter=The vacuum black hole uniqueness theorem and its conceivable generalisations |title=Proceedings of the 1st Marcel Grossmann meeting on general relativity |pages=243–254 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Currit ry-cheilley, haink ny feddynyssyn shen dy ve enmyssit y [[çhoarym gyn gruag]], ta gra dy vel towl doo ny hassoo slane soilshit lesh ny tree parameadar jeh [[meadraght Kerr–Newman]]: glout, momentum uillinagh, as lughtey lectragh.&lt;ref name=&quot;HeuslerNoHair&quot; /&gt;

Hoshiaght, v’eh er ny huarymey dy row ny singyltaghtyn maddaghtoil quaagh va feddynit magh ayns dagh fer jeh ny feayslaghyn towl doo er nyn daishbyney ynrican kyndagh rish y varel dy beagh towl doo slane [[Shimmeadraght hyndaaee#Shimmeadraght hyndaaee bentyn rish uillin erbee|shimmeadragh cruinn]], as, myr shen, cha beagh ny singyltaghtyn er nyn daishbyney ayns soiaghyn keintagh raad nagh beagh ny tuill ghoo shimmeadragh. Va’n eie shen freilt lesh [[Vladimir A. Belinsky|Vladimir Belinski]], [[Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov|Isaak Khalatnikov]], as [[Evgeny Lifshitz]] er lheh, as ren ad eab dy phrowal nagh vel singyltaght erbee er ny haishbyney ayns feayslaghyn keintagh, ga dy ren ad goll ergooyl er nyn soiaghyn shen ny s’anmey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Penrose |first1=Roger |author-link=Roger Penrose |date=1996 |title=Chandrasekhar, black holes, and singularities |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-astrophysics-and-astronomy_1996-12_17_3-4/page/213 |journal=[[Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy]] |type=Art |volume=17 |issue=3–4 |pages=213–231 |bibcode=1996JApA...17..213P |doi=10.1007/BF02702305}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, ‘sy vlein 1965, phrow [[Roger Penrose]] dy row feme er singyltaghtyn ayns dagh towl doo ec y chonastaght chadjin gyn obbrinaght quantum.&lt;ref name=&quot;penrose1965&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Penrose |first1=R. |author-link1=Roger Penrose |date=1965 |title=Gravitational Collapse and Space-Time Singularities |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/faad/1f4358fddf70df2e00c0a290b7e4501c27de.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=14 |issue=3 |page=57 |bibcode=1965PhRvL..14...57P |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57 |s2cid=116755736 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011221750/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/faad/1f4358fddf70df2e00c0a290b7e4501c27de.pdf |archive-date=11 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ford |first1=L. H. |date=2003 |title=The Classical Singularity Theorems and Their Quantum Loopholes |url=https://archive.org/details/international-journal-of-theoretical-physics_2003-06_42_6/page/1219 |journal=[[International Journal of Theoretical Physics]] |volume=42 |issue=6 |pages=1219–1227 |doi=10.1023/A:1025754515197 |arxiv=gr-qc/0301045 |bibcode=2003gr.qc.....1045F |s2cid=14404560}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tammylt beg ny yei, ren [[Stephen Hawking]] cadjinaghey feaysley Penrose dy nee red neuhaghtnagh eh singyltaght huinnagh y [[Yn Bleaystey Mooar|Vleaystey Mooar]] ayns dagh craue skeeal, faagail magh adsyn nagh vel yn-jannoo dy fishigagh as mannagh vel yn ym-hayrn quantum cur stiagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The Occurrence of Singularities in Cosmology |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society A |last=Hawking |first=Stephen |date=18 Jerrey Fouyir 1966 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2415489.pdf |volume=294 |issue=1439 |via=JSTOR |author-link=Stephen Hawking |pages=511–521 |doi=10.1098/rspa.1966.0221 |jstor=2415489 |bibcode=1966RSPSA.294..511H }}&lt;/ref&gt; Er son yn obbyr ren eh, va lieh-ayrn jeh [[Aundyr Nobel ayns Fishig]] ‘sy vlein 2020 bronnit er, as Hawking er ny gheddyn baase hannah hene ‘sy vlein 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/|access-date=8 Jerrey Fouyir 2020|website=NobelPrize.org|archive-date=24 Averil 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424115309/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/summary/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Haghyr yrdjaghyn mooarey ayns baghtyn rollageydagh car yn eash shoh. ‘Sy vlein 1967, ren [[Antony Hewish]] as [[Jocelyn Bell Burnell]] feddyn magh [[pulsar]]yn&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hewish |first1=A. |author-link1=Antony Hewish |last2=Bell |first2=S. J. |author-link2=Jocelyn Bell Burnell |last3=Pilkington |first3=J. D. H. |last4=Scott |first4=P. F. |last5=Collins |first5=R. A. |display-authors=1 |date=1968 |title=Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1968-02-24_217_5130/page/709 |journal=[[Nature (earishlioar)|Nature]] |volume=217 |issue=5130 |pages=709–713 |doi=10.1038/217709a0|bibcode=1968Natur.217..709H|s2cid=4277613 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pilkington |first1=J. D. H. |last2=Hewish |first2=A. |author-link2=Antony Hewish |last3=Bell |first3=S. J. |author-link3=Jocelyn Bell Burnell |last4=Cole |first4=T. W. |display-authors=1 |date=1968 |title=Observations of some further Pulsed Radio Sources |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1968-04-13_218_5137/page/126 |journal=[[Nature (earishlioar)|Nature]] |volume=218 |issue=5137 |pages=126–129 |doi=10.1038/218126a0|bibcode=1968Natur.218..126P|s2cid=4253103 }}&lt;/ref&gt; as roish 1969, v’ad er nyn daishbyney myr rollageyn naeearaneagh bieau-hyndaaee.&lt;ref name=&quot;araa8_265&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hewish |first=A. |author-link1=Antony Hewish |date=1970 |title=Pulsars |journal=[[Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=265–296 |bibcode=1970ARA&amp;A...8..265H |doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.08.090170.001405}}&lt;/ref&gt; Derrey yn traa shen, cha row rollageyn naeearaneagh, goll rish tuill ghoo, coontit agh myr reddyn quaagh sheiltynagh. Agh haishbyn feddynys pulsaryn nyn mentynys fishigagh as vrasnee eh anaase ny s’odjey ayns dagh sorçh dy red çhionn foddee ve crooit lesh cohuittym ym-hayrnagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Fifty-years-ago-grad-students-discovery-changed-course-astrophysics-180968288/ |title=Fifty Years Ago, a Grad Student's Discovery Changed the Course of Astrophysics |date=28 Toshiaght Arree 2018 |access-date=22 Mee ny Nollick 2023 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |last=Boissoneault |first=Lorraine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bunnit er baghtyn ayns [[Reayrtlann Reeoil Greenwich|Greenwich]] as [[Reayrtlann David Dunlap|Toronto]] ayns ny 1970yn leah, haink [[Cygnus X-1]], moir [[scell-X]] cho-rollageyssagh va feddynit magh ‘sy vlein 1964, dy ve ny chied red rollageydagh dy ve doltit dy cadjin myr towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last=Rolston | first=Bruce | date=10 Mee Houney 1997 | url=http://news.utoronto.ca/bin/bulletin/nov10_97/art4.htm | title=The First Black Hole | publisher=Ollooscoill Toronto | access-date=11 Mayrnt 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307181205/http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bin/bulletin/nov10_97/art4.htm | archive-date = 7 Mayrnt 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shipman1975&quot;&gt;{{citation | last1=Shipman | first1=H. L. | date=1975 | title=The implausible history of triple star models for Cygnus&amp;nbsp;X-1 Evidence for a black hole | journal=Astrophysical Letters | volume=16 | issue=1 | pages=9–12 | bibcode=1975ApL....16....9S | &lt;!--doi=10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00384-4 --&gt;| last2=Yu | first2=Z | last3=Du | first3=Y.W }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chur yn obbyr lesh [[James Bardeen]], [[Jacob Bekenstein]], Carter, as Hawking ayns ny 1970yn leah rish formlaghey [[ the early 1970s led to the formulation of [[çhiass-niartallaght tuill ghoo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bardeen |first1=J. M. |author-link1=James M. Bardeen |last2=Carter |first2=B. |author-link2=Brandon Carter |last3=Hawking |first3=S. W. |author-link3=Stephen Hawking |date=1973 |title=The four laws of black hole mechanics |journal=[[Communications in Mathematical Physics]] |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=161–170 |doi=10.1007/BF01645742 |mr=0334798 |zbl=1125.83309 |bibcode=1973CMaPh..31..161B |s2cid=54690354 |url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1103858973 |access-date=4 Mean Souree 2021 |archive-date=16 Boaldyn 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516211604/https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1103858973 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ny leighyn shen cur sheese er aghtys towl doo ayns cosoylley giare da [[leighyn y çhiass-niartallaght]] rere bentynys y ghlout dys y vree, yn eaghtyr dys yn [[entropaght]], as yn [[ym-hayrn eaghtyragh]] dys y [[çhhiassid]]. Va baare currit er y chosoylley tra haishbyn Hawking ‘sy vlein 1974 dy vel [[sheiltynys ream quantum]] keeayllaghey dy lhisagh tuill ghoo goulraghey goll rish [[corpane doo]] lesh çhiassid ayns coreir rish ym-hayrn eaghtyragh y towl doo, as eh faaishnaghey yn eiyrtys ta enmyssit jiu myr [[goulraght Hawking]].&lt;ref name=Hawking1974 /&gt;

===Ronsaght as baght noa-emshiragh===
Haink y chied eanish lajer da tuill ghoo lesh baghtyn covestit scell-X as shilleydagh er [[Cygnus X-1]] ‘sy vlein 1972.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Remillard |first1=Ronald A. |last2=McClintock |first2=Jeffrey E. |date=22 Mean Fouyir 2006 |title=X-Ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092532 |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=Baarle |volume=44 |issue=&lt;!--none--&gt; |pages=49–92 |doi=10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092532 |arxiv=astro-ph/0606352 |bibcode=2006ARA&amp;A..44...49R |issn=0066-4146}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va’n voir scell-X, ta soit ayns co-hollys rollageagh yn [[Yn Ollay (co-hollys rollageagh)|Ollay]], feddynit magh trooid creear lesh daa [[roggad fo-chruinlagh]] er-yn-oyr dy vel tarmestey scellyn-X lesh [[aeraght y Dowan]] cur stiagh er nyn gronnaghey veih’n thalloo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | first=Friedman | last=Herbert | date=2002 | chapter=From the ionosphere to high energy astronomy&amp;nbsp;– a personal experience | title=The Century of Space Science | publisher=Springer | isbn=0-7923-7196-8 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Liu | first1=C. Z. | last2=Li | first2=T. P. | title=X-Ray Spectral Variability in Cygnus&amp;nbsp;X-1 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2004-08-20_611_2/page/1084 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | year=2004 | volume=611 | issue=2 | pages=1084–1090 | doi=10.1086/422209 | bibcode=2004ApJ...611.1084L|arxiv = astro-ph/0405246 | s2cid=208868049 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcf65&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Bowyer | first1=S. | last2=Byram | first2=E. T. | last3=Chubb | first3=T. A. | last4=Friedman | first4=H. | date=1965 | title=Cosmic X-ray Sources | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1965-01-22_147_3656/page/394 | journal=Science | volume=147 | issue=3656 | pages=394–398 | doi=10.1126/science.147.3656.394 | pmid=17832788 | bibcode=1965Sci...147..394B | s2cid=206565068 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Neughollrish rollageyn ny pulsaryn, cha row Cygnus X-1 kianglt rish un voir radio ny hilleydagh ard-cheimagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcf65&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Maron |first1=O. |last2=Kijak |first2=J. |last3=Kramer |first3=M. |last4=Wielebinski |first4=R. |title=Pulsar spectra of radio emission |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series |date=2000 |volume=147 |issue=2 |pages=195–203 |doi=10.1051/aas:2000298 |arxiv=astro-ph/0010233 |bibcode=2000A&amp;AS..147..195M }}&lt;/ref&gt; ‘Sy vlein 1972, ren [[Betty Louise Turtle|Louise Webster]], [[Paul Murdin]], as, seyr voue, [[Charles Thomas Bolton]], feddyn magh dy row Cygnus X-1 ayns [[corys jeesoil scell-X|corys jeesoil]] marish y [[rollage hur-oawragh]] HDE 226868. As ad gymmydey [[spectroscoipaght rollageydagh|patternyn brooightee]] yn rollage akinagh, ren y daa wirran ronsee feddyn magh dy beagh glout Cygnus X-1 ro-vooar son [[crivassan bane]] ny rollage naeearaneagh as dy row eh liklee dy nee towl doo eh.&lt;ref name=wm72&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Webster | first1=B. Louise | last2=Murdin | first2=Paul | date=1972 | title=Cygnus&amp;nbsp;X-1—a Spectroscopic Binary with a Heavy Companion? | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1972-01-07_235_5332/page/37 | journal=Nature | volume=235 | issue=5332 | pages=37–38 | doi=10.1038/235037a0 | bibcode = 1972Natur.235...37W | s2cid=4195462 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=bolton72&gt;{{cite journal | last=Bolton | first=C. T. | date=1972 | title=Identification of Cygnus&amp;nbsp;X-1 with HDE&amp;nbsp;226868 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1972-02-04_235_5336/page/271 | journal=Nature | volume=235 | issue=5336 | pages=271–273 | doi=10.1038/235271b0 | bibcode = 1972Natur.235..271B | s2cid=4222070 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ren ronsaght ny s’odjey niartaghey yn Further research strengthened their sheiltynys shen.&lt;ref name=&quot;rolston1997&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Rolston | first=Bruce | date=10 November 1997 | url=http://news.utoronto.ca/bin/bulletin/nov10_97/art4.htm | title=The First Black Hole | publisher=Ollooscoill Toronto | access-date=11 Mayrnt 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080307181205/http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bin/bulletin/nov10_97/art4.htm | archive-date = 7 Mayrnt 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Shipman | first1=H. L. | date=1975 | title=The implausible history of triple star models for Cygnus&amp;nbsp;X-1 Evidence for a black hole | journal=Astrophysical Letters | volume=16 | issue=1 | pages=9–12 | bibcode=1975ApL....16....9S | doi=10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00384-4 | last2=Yu | first2=Z. | last3=Du | first3=Y. W. }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Choud’s va Cygnus X-1, [[towl doo rollageagh]], er ny gholtey myr towl doo er y chooid smoo lesh y voodeeys sheansagh roish jerrey yn vlein 1973,&lt;ref name=&quot;rolston1997&quot; /&gt; cha dooar [[towl doo sur-ghloutagh]] yn enney cheddin roish jeihaghtyn ny lurg. Ansherbee, cha foddey sheear as ny 1960yn, ren fishigee lheid as [[Donald Lynden-Bell]] as [[Martin Rees]] coyrlaghey dy row ny [[quasar]]yn niartal ec creeaghyn co-rollageyssyn geddyn bree veih tuill ghoo yl-ghloutagh [[cruinnaghey (fishig rollageagh)|chruinnee]], agh s’goan va’n eanish vaghtal ec y traa shen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lynden-Bell |first1=D. |title=Galactic Nuclei as Collapsed Old Quasars |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1969-08-16_223_5207/page/690 |journal=Nature |date=1969 |volume=223 |issue=5207 |pages=690–694 |doi=10.1038/223690a0 |bibcode=1969Natur.223..690L }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1= Rees|first1= Martin J.|title= Black Hole Models for Active Galactic Nuclei|url= https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-astronomy-and-astrophysics_1984_22/page/471|journal= Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics|date= 1984|volume= 22|pages= 471–506|doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.002351|bibcode= 1984ARA&amp;A..22..471R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, ren [[Fodreayrtan Spoar Hubble]], v’er ny launshey shiartanse dy yeihaghtyn ny yei, feddyn magh dy row tuill ghoo yl-ghloutagh ec [[çheshvean co-rollageyssagh bio|çheshveanyn co-rollageyssagh bio]] begnagh dagh co-rollageys as dy row ad ooilley-laaragh as ram jeu kiune.&lt;ref name=&quot;ff05&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ferrarese |first1=Laura |last2=Ford |first2=Holland |title=Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei: Past, Present and Future Research |journal=Space Science Reviews |date=2005 |volume=116 |issue=3–4 |pages=523–624 |doi=10.1007/s11214-005-3947-6 |arxiv=astro-ph/0411247 |bibcode=2005SSRv..116..523F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;peterson14&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Peterson |first1=Bradley M. |title=Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes |journal=Space Science Reviews |date=2014 |volume=183 |issue=1–4 |pages=253–275 |doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4 |bibcode=2014SSRv..183..253P }}&lt;/ref&gt; ‘Sy vlein 1999, hreeal [[David Merritt]] yn  [[mooinjerys M–sigma]], chur sheese mooinjerys [[scaalheaney (staddyssaght)|scaalheaney]] [[bieauid-jeerit]] jeh stoo ayns [[boogh co-rollageyssagh|boogh]] meanagh co-rollageys rish glout y towl doo yl-ghloutagh t’ec y chree echey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference | first = David | last = Merritt | author-link = David Merritt | editor1-first = F. | editor1-last = Combes | editor2-first = G. A. | editor2-last = Mamon | editor3-first = V. | editor3-last = Charmandaris | title = Black holes and galaxy evolution | volume = 197 | book-title = Dynamics of Galaxies: from the Early Universe to the Present | publisher = [[Astronomical Society of the Pacific]] | pages = [https://archive.org/details/xvthiapmeetingdy0197iapm/page/221 221–232] | date = 1999 | isbn = 978-1-58381-024-8 | bibcode = 2000ASPC..197..221M | arxiv = astro-ph/9910546 | url = https://archive.org/details/xvthiapmeetingdy0197iapm/page/221 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Hickyree studeyryssyn eiyrtyssagh y choreir shen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Tremaine |first1=Scott |last2=Gebhardt |first2=Karl |last3=Bender |first3=Ralf |last4=Bower |first4=Gary |last5=Dressler |first5=Alan |last6=Faber |first6=S. M. |last7=Filippenko |first7=Alexei V. |last8=Green |first8=Richard |last9=Grillmair |first9=Carl |last10=Ho |first10=Luis C. |last11=Kormendy |first11=John |last12=Lauer |first12=Tod R. |last13=Magorrian |first13=John |last14=Pinkney |first14=Jason |last15=Richstone |first15=Douglas |title=The Slope of the Black Hole Mass versus Velocity Dispersion Correlation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2002-08-01_574_2/page/740 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2002 |volume=574 |issue=2 |pages=740–753 |doi=10.1086/341002 |arxiv=astro-ph/0203468 |bibcode=2002ApJ...574..740T }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ferrarese |first1=Laura |last2=Merritt |first2=David |title=A Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2000 |volume=539 |issue=1 |pages=L9–L12 |doi=10.1086/312838 |arxiv=astro-ph/0006053 |bibcode=2000ApJ...539L...9F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Nelson |first1=Charles H. |last2=Green |first2=Richard F. |last3=Bower |first3=Gary |last4=Gebhardt |first4=Karl |last5=Weistrop |first5=Donna |title=The Relationship Between Black Hole Mass and Velocity Dispersion in Seyfert 1 Galaxies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2004-11-10_615_2/page/652 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2004 |volume=615 |issue=2 |pages=652–661 |doi=10.1086/424657 |arxiv=astro-ph/0407383 |bibcode=2004ApJ...615..652N }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mysh y traa cheddin as bunnit er baghtyn fodreayrtan er bieauidyn-jeerit ny rollageyn ec cree Raad Mooar Gorree, haink possanyn obbree fo [[Andrea Ghez]] as [[Reinhard Genzel]] dys y vriwnys dy nee towl doo yl-ghloutagh va’n [[moir radio rollageydagh|voir radio]] çhionn [[Sagittarius A*]] ta soit ayns çheshvean y cho-rollageys.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Genzel |first1=R. |last2=Eckart |first2=A. |last3=Ott |first3=T. |last4=Eisenhauer |first4=F. |title=On the nature of the dark mass in the centre of the Milky Way |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=1997 |volume=291 |pages=219–234 |doi=10.1093/mnras/291.1.219 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ghez |first1=A. M. |last2=Klein |first2=B. L. |last3=Morris |first3=M. |last4=Becklin |first4=E. E. |title=High Proper-Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1998-12-20_509_2/page/678 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=1998 |volume=509 |issue=2 |pages=678–686 |doi=10.1086/306528 |arxiv=astro-ph/9807210 |bibcode=1998ApJ...509..678G }}&lt;/ref&gt; ‘Sy vlein 2020, va [[Aundyr Nobel ayns Fishig]] bronnit er Ghez as Genzel son y faaishnys oc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oxford Mathematician Roger Penrose jointly wins the Nobel Prize in Physics |url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-10-06-oxford-mathematician-roger-penrose-jointly-wins-nobel-prize-physics |date=6 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=University of Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Nobel Prize in Physics |url=https://www.aps.org/archives/publications/apsnews/202011/nobel-physics.cfm |last=Poffenberger |first=Leah |access-date=20 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=American Physical Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Coadan:LIGO measurement of gravitational waves.svg|thumb |Y chied chronnaghey jeh tonnyn ym-hayrnagh, er ny jallooaghey lesh reayrtlannyn LIGO ayns [[Hanford Site|Hanford Site, Washington]] as [[Livingston, Louisiana]]]]

Er 11 Toshiaght Arree 2016, ren [[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]] as [[tessen-veadar Virgo|Virgo Collaboration]] fogrey magh y [[chied vaght jeh tonnyn ym-hayrnagh|chied vaght]] jeh [[tonn ym-hayrnagh|tonnyn ym-hayrnagh]], enmyssit GW150914, as eh soilshaghey magh y chied vaght jeh [[covestey towl doo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PRL-20160211&quot; /&gt; Ec traa yn chovestey, va ny tuill ghoo soit mysh 1.4 villioon dy [[sollys-vlein|hollys-vleeantyn]] voin as va glout 30 as 35 gloutyn greiney oc.&lt;ref name=&quot;ligovirgo16&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|arxiv=1606.01210 |title=An improved analysis of GW150914 using a fully spin-precessing waveform model |journal=Physical Review X |volume=6 |issue=4 |article-number=041014 |author=The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and The Virgo Collaboration |doi=10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041014 |year=2016 |bibcode=2016PhRvX...6d1014A |s2cid=18217435 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|6}} Va glout y towl doo covestit mysh 62 er glout greiney, currit rish tree glout greiney v’er ny [[co-hrimmid glout–bree|ghoulraghey magh]] myr tonnyn ym-hayrnagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;ligovirgo16&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |collaboration=LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration |last1=Abbott |first1=Benjamin P. |title=Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger |journal=[[Phys. Rev. Lett.]] |volume=116 |issue=6 |article-number=061102 |year=2016 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 |arxiv=1602.03837 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116f1102A |pmid=26918975|s2cid=124959784}}
* {{cite web |title=Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger |website=LIGO Scientific Collaboration |url=https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/system/media_files/binaries/301/original/detection-science-summary.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chronnee yn [[LIGO|Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory]] (LIGO) ny tonnyn ym-hayrnagh lesh ymmyd daa scaane kiare kilomeadar veih-my-cheilley dy howshaney ny caghlaaghyn mynreayrtagh ‘sy lhiurid oc.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Facts |url=https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/facts |website=LIGO |quote=This is equivalent to measuring the distance from Earth to the nearest star to an accuracy smaller than the width of a human hair! |access-date=24 Luanistyn 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704030142/https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/facts |archive-date=4 Jerrey Souree 2017 }} (shen dy ghra, dys [[Proxima Centauri]] ec {{val|4.0208|e=13|u=km}}).&lt;/ref&gt; ‘Sy vlein 2017, va Aundyr Nobel ayns Fishig bronnit er [[Rainer Weiss]], [[Kip Thorne]], as [[Barry Barish]], toshee yn çhalee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 |publisher=Nobel Foundation |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2017/press.html }}&lt;/ref&gt; Veih’n chied eddynys magh shen ‘sy vlein 2015, ta ny keeadyn dy honnyn ym-hayrnagh er ny ve cronnit lesh LIGO as tessen-veadar elley, [[tessen-veadar Virgo|Virgo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Announce the 200th Gravitational Wave Detection of O4! |url=https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/news/ligo20250320 |last=Burtnyk |first=Kimberly |date=20 Mayrnt 2025 |access-date=22 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=LIGO Caltech}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Black hole - Messier 87.jpg|thumb |Jalloo lesh yn [[Event Horizon Telescope]] er y towl doo yl-ghloutagh ec çheshvean [[Messier 87]]]]

Er 10 Averil 2019, va’n chied jalloo jeeragh jeh towl doo as e nabooys er ny hoilshaghey magh lurg baghtyn va jeant lesh yn [[Event Horizon Telescope]] (EHT) ‘sy vlein 2017 jeh’n towl doo yl-ghloutagh ayns [[Co-rollageys#Sorçhyn as jalloo-oaylleeaght|çheshvean co-rollageyssagh]] [[Messier 87]].&lt;ref name=&quot;APJL-20190410&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Event Horizon Telescope|first1=The|author-link1=Event Horizon Telescope|date=2019|title=First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=875|page=L1|arxiv=1906.11238|bibcode=2019ApJ...875L...1E|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7|number=1|s2cid=145906806 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BoumanJohnson2016&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bouman |first1=Katherine L. |title=2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) |author-link1=Katie Bouman |last2=Johnson |first2=Michael D. |last3=Zoran |first3=Daniel |last4=Fish |first4=Vincent L. |last5=Doeleman |first5=Sheperd S. |last6=Freeman |first6=William T. |chapter=Computational Imaging for VLBI Image Reconstruction |year=2016 |pages=913–922 &lt;!--|doi=10.1109/CVPR.2016.105--&gt; |hdl=1721.1/103077 |arxiv=1512.01413|isbn=978-1-4673-8851-1|s2cid=9085016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20190412&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Gardiner |first=Aidan |title=When a Black Hole Finally Reveals Itself, It Helps to Have Our Very Own Cosmic Reporter – Astronomers announced Wednesday that they had captured the first image of a black hole. The Times's Dennis Overbye answers readers' questions.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/12/reader-center/black-holes-dennis-overbye.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/12/reader-center/black-holes-dennis-overbye.html |archive-date=1 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |url-access=limited |date=12 Averil 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=15 Averil 2019}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va ny baghtyn jeant ayns hoght [[reayrtlann]] ayns shey ynnyd çheer-oaylleeagh car kiare laa as lesh queig [[petabyte]] jeh fysseree ec y jerrey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How many telescopes are currently in the EHT network? |url=https://eventhorizontelescope.org/faq/how-many-telescopes-are-currently-network |access-date=22 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=Event Horizon Telescope}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How Scientists Captured the First Image of a Black Hole |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/resources/teachable-moment/how-scientists-captured-the-first-image-of-a-black-hole/ |last=Lutz |first=Ota |date=8 Jerrey Fouyir 2024 |access-date=22 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=NASA.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=12 Averil 2019 |title=The M87 image will change our understanding of black holes, but why was the photo so hard to capture? |magazine=BBC Science Focus Magazine |last=Chown |first=Marcus |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/space/m87-why-the-first-black-hole-photo-was-so-hard-to-capture |access-date=22 Jerrey Fouyir 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ‘Sy vlein 2022, ren co-obbraghey yn Event Horizon Telescope skeaylley magh jalloo yn towl doo ta soit ayns çheshvean Raad Moor Gorree, Sagittarius A*. Va ny fysseree er ny ve çhaglit ‘sy vlein 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Astronomers Reveal First Image of the Black Hole at the Heart of Our Galaxy |url=https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy |date=12 Boaldyn 2022 |website=Event Horizon Telescope}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ren mynscrutaghey cruinn er gleashaght rollageyn v’er ny recortyssey lesh [[Gaia (saagh spoar)|mishoon Gaia]] kairail feanish ‘sy vlein 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Sukanya |last2=Simon |first2=Joshua D. |last3=Craig |first3=Peter A. |last4=Reggiani |first4=Henrique |last5=Brandt |first5=Timothy D. |last6=Guhathakurta |first6=Puragra |last7=Dalba |first7=Paul A. |last8=Kirby |first8=Evan N. |last9=Chang |first9=Philip |last10=Hey |first10=Daniel R. |last11=Savino |first11=Alessandro |last12=Geha |first12=Marla |last13=Thompson |first13=Ian B. |date=1 July 2023 |title=A Noninteracting Galactic Black Hole Candidate in a Binary System with a Main-sequence Star |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=166 |issue=1 |page=6 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/accf21 |arxiv=2210.05003 |bibcode=2023AJ....166....6C |doi-access=free |issn=0004-6256}}&lt;/ref&gt; as 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;El-Badry&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=El-Badry |first1=Kareem |last2=Rix |first2=Hans-Walter |last3=Quataert |first3=Eliot |last4=Howard |first4=Andrew W. |last5=Isaacson |first5=Howard |last6=Fuller |first6=Jim |last7=Hawkins |first7=Keith |last8=Breivik |first8=Katelyn |last9=Wong |first9=Kaze W. K. |last10=Rodriguez |first10=Antonio C. |last11=Conroy |first11=Charlie |last12=Shahaf |first12=Sahar |last13=Mazeh |first13=Tsevi |last14=Arenou |first14=Frédéric |last15=Burdge |first15=Kevin B. |last16=Bashi |first16=Dolev |last17=Faigler |first17=Simchon |last18=Weisz |first18=Daniel R. |last19=Seeburger |first19=Rhys |last20=Monter |first20=Silvia Almada |last21=Wojno |first21=Jennifer |title=A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole  |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |year=2023 |volume=518 |issue=1 |pages=1057–1085 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3140 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2209.06833 |bibcode=2023MNRAS.518.1057E }}&lt;/ref&gt; bentyn rish towl doo enmyssit [[Gaia BH1]] ayns corys jeesoil marish rollage gollrish y Ghrian ain mysh {{convert|1,560|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} voin. She Gaia BH1 y towl doo s’niessey dooin t’er fys ain.&lt;ref name=&quot;El-Badry2022&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=El-Badry |first1=Kareem |last2=Rix |first2=Hans-Walter |last3=Quataert |first3=Eliot |last4=Howard |first4=Andrew W. |last5=Isaacson |first5=Howard |last6=Fuller |first6=Jim |last7=Hawkins |first7=Keith |last8=Breivik |first8=Katelyn |last9=Wong |first9=Kaze W. K. |last10=Rodriguez |first10=Antonio C. |last11=Conroy |first11=Charlie |last12=Shahaf |first12=Sahar |last13=Mazeh |first13=Tsevi |last14=Arenou |first14=Frédéric |last15=Burdge |first15=Kevin B. |display-authors=2 |date=2 Mee Houney 2022 |title=A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=518 |issue=1 |pages=1057–1085 |arxiv=2209.06833 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac3140 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023MNRAS.518.1057E}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NOIRLab22&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2227/ |title=Astronomers Discover Closest Black Hole to Earth |date=4 Mee Houney 2022 |website=noirlab.edu |publisher=[[NOIRLab]] |access-date=4 Mee Houney 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta daa howl too elley er ny ve feddynit magh veih fysseree Gaia, fer ayns corys jeesoil marish [[foawr jiarg]]&lt;ref name=&quot;elbadry23&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=El-Badry |first1=Kareem |last2=Rix |first2=Hans-Walter |last3=Cendes |first3=Yvette |last4=Rodriguez |first4=Antonio C. |last5=Conroy |first5=Charlie |last6=Quataert |first6=Eliot |last7=Hawkins |first7=Keith |last8=Zari |first8=Eleonora |last9=Hobson |first9=Melissa |last10=Breivik |first10=Katelyn |last11=Rau |first11=Arne |last12=Berger |first12=Edo |last13=Shahaf |first13=Sahar |last14=Seeburger |first14=Rhys |last15=Burdge |first15=Kevin B. |date=1 February 2023 |title=A red giant orbiting a black hole |bibcode=2023MNRAS.521.4323E |arxiv=2302.07880 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=521 |issue=3 |pages=4323–4348 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad799|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; as fer elley ayns corys jeesoil marish rollage [[Rang-oardraghey rollageagh#Rang G|rang G]].&lt;ref name=&quot;pmahc24&quot; &gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Panuzzo |first1=P. |last2=Mazeh | first2=T. | last3=Arenou | first3 = F.| last4=Holl | first4=B. | last5=Caffau | first5=E. |date=2024 |title=Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=686 |pages=L2 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202449763|arxiv=2404.10486|bibcode=2024A&amp;A...686L...2G |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Bun-ocklaght===
She çhyndaa jeeragh veih {{lang|en|''black hole''}} y Vaarle eh “towl doo.” Ayns Mee ny Nollick 1967, ren studeyr moylley yn enmys ''black hole''  ayns leagh lesh [[John Archibald Wheeler|John Wheeler]]; kyndagh rish y gherrit as y “leagh soilsheenee” echey, ren Wheeler doltey yn enmys as ren ardjid Wheeler ‘sy ream shickyraghey doltey yn enmys,&lt;ref name=Bartusiak/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Pioneering Physicist John Wheeler Dies at 96 |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pioneering-physicist-john-wheeler-dies/ |access-date=27 Mee Houney 2016 |work=[[Scientific American]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128050759/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pioneering-physicist-john-wheeler-dies/ |archive-date=28 Mee Houney 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; as, myr shen, va treisht currit da Wheeler bentyn rish crooaght yn enmys.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Overbye |first1=Dennis |title=John A. Wheeler, Physicist Who Coined the Term 'Black Hole,' Is Dead at 96 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/14/science/14wheeler.html |access-date=27 Mee Houney 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 Averil 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122210005/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/14/science/14wheeler.html |archive-date=22 Mee Houney 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ansherbee, va’n enmys shen ymmydit hannah hene lesh sleih elley ec y traa shen. Ren y screeudeyr sheanse Marcia Bartusiak eiyrt er yn enmys &quot;black hole&quot; dys yn ishigagh [[Robert H. Dicke]], ren screeu ayns ny 1960yn leah dy row yn phenomenon shen cosoyllagh rish [[Towl Doo Calcutta]], pryssoon imraagh raad hie sleih stiagh agh cha daink ad magh bio.
Va’n enmys ''black hole'' er ny ymmyd ‘sy chlou lesh ny h-earishlioaryn ''[[Life (earishlioar)|Life]]'' as ''[[Science News]]'' ‘sy vlein 1963, as lesh yn earisheyr sheanse Ann Ewing ‘syn art eck, {{&quot; '}}Black Holes' in Space&quot;, veih 18 Jerrey Geuree 1964, tuarastyl er çhaglym yn [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] haghyr ayns Cleveland, Ohio.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bartusiak&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bartusiak |first=Marcia |author-link=Marcia Bartusiak |title=Black Hole: How an Idea Abandoned by Newtonians, Hated by Einstein, and Gambled On by Hawking Became Loved |date=2015 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-21363-8 |location=New Haven, CT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Troyn as strughtoor ==
Dy cadjin, ta towl doo meenit myr ard y spoar-hraa raad nagh vel cowraghyn ny reddyn [[Teaymaght#Ayns ny h-oaylleeaghtyn fishigagh|lesh fysseree]] jargal dy scapail.&lt;ref name=&quot;fz11&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Introduction to Black Hole Physics |last1=Frolov |first1=Valeri P. |date=1 Mee ny Nollick 2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969229-3 |edition=1d |page=1 |last2=Zelnikov |first2=Andrei}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;booth05&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Booth |first1=Ivan |title=Black-hole boundaries |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-physics_2005-11_83_11/page/1073 |journal=Canadian Journal of Physics |date=2005 |volume=83 |issue=11 |pages=1073–1099 |doi=10.1139/p05-063 |arxiv=gr-qc/0508107 |bibcode=2005CaJPh..83.1073B }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, cha nel meenaghey cruinn coardit jeh towl doo ec fishigee.&lt;ref name=&quot;curiel19&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Curiel |first1=Erik |title=The many definitions of a black hole |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=2019 |volume=3 |pages=27–34 |doi=10.1038/s41550-018-0602-1 |arxiv=1808.01507 |bibcode=2019NatAs...3...27C }}&lt;/ref&gt; Veih perspeghtaght ynnydagh, foddee towl doo ve fakinit myr ard marish [[tayrnys ym-hayrnagh]] ny, corrym rish shen, marish [[cruillaght spoar-hraa]] cha çhionn as dy vel eh neuyantagh dy scapail.&lt;ref name=&quot;booth05&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hamiltonwaterfall&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Black Hole is a Waterfall of Space |url=https://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/waterfall.html |last=Hamilton |first=Andrew |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250820063124/https://jila.colorado.edu/%7Eajsh/insidebh/waterfall.html |archive-date=20 Luanistyn 2025 |access-date=24 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=Inside Black Holes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee towl doo ve meenit myr ard raad ta’n [[bieauid-jeerit scapail|vieauid-jeerit scapail]] ny smoo na bieauid hollys, ny raad ta’n spoar cohuittym stiagh ny s’tappee na bieauid hollys.&lt;ref name=&quot;bhwar&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Susskind |first=Leonard |author-link=Leonard Susskind |title=The black hole war: my battle with Stephen Hawking to make the world safe for quantum mechanics |title-link=The Black Hole War |date=2008 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=978-0-316-01640-7 |edition=1d |location=York Noa |oclc=181603165}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|27}} She &lt;math&gt; V = \sqrt{2MG/R}&lt;/math&gt; yn formley da’n vieauid-jeerit scapail raad ta &lt;em&gt;M&lt;/em&gt; soilshaghey glout, ta &lt;em&gt;G&lt;/em&gt; soilshaghey yn beayn-earroo ym-hayrnagh, as ta &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt; soilshaghey yn craue raadeeoil veih çheshvean y ghlout.&lt;ref name=&quot;bhwar&quot; /&gt; Veih perspeghtaght ghowanagh, foddee towl doo ve toiggit myr ard jeh’n [[tuinney]] raad nagh vel [[cooisheeaght|cummaghtyn cooishagh]] roshtyn y seihll çheumooie.&lt;ref name=&quot;curiel19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fz11&quot; /&gt;

Ta’n [[çhoarym gyn gruag]] treeal nagh vel agh tree tro fishigagh seyr ec towl doo as eh ayns foaynoo shickyr: glout, lughtey lectragh, as momentum uillinagh; cha nel tro elley erbee ec towl doo. My s’feer yn far-vriwnys shoh, my vees daa howl doo rheynn ny leaghyn cheddin da ny troyn, ny ny parameadaryn, shen veagh ad neurheynnagh veih-my-cheilley. Ansherbee, she feysht neufeayslit eh shoh da tuill ghoo irrinagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;HeuslerNoHair&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Chruściel PT, Costa JL, Heusler M |date=2012 |title=Stationary Black Holes: Uniqueness and Beyond |journal=[[Living Reviews in Relativity]] |type=Art |volume=15 |issue=7 |arxiv=1205.6112 |bibcode=2012LRR....15....7C |doi=10.12942/lrr-2012-7 |pmc=5255892 |pmid=28179837 |doi-access=free |article-number=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She troyn er lheh ny troyn shoh er-yn-oyr dy vel ad so-akin veih’n theihll çheumooie jeh towl doo. Myr sampleyr, ta towl doo lughtit [[Leigh Coulomb|ashwoalley]] lughtyn cosoyllagh elley gollrish red lughtit elley erbee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Xu |first1=Hao |last2=Ong |first2=Yen Chin |last3=Yung |first3=Man-Hong |title=Cosmic censorship and the evolution of &lt;math&gt;d&lt;/math&gt; -dimensional charged evaporating black holes |journal=Physical Review D |date=2020 |volume=101 |issue=6 |article-number=064015 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.101.064015 |arxiv=1911.11990 |bibcode=2020PhRvD.101f4015X }}&lt;/ref&gt; Er yn aght cosoyllagh, foddee slane glout ve oolit lesh mynscrutaghey gleashaght ny reddyn ta faggys da’n towl doo, lheid as rollageyn ny gas.&lt;ref name=&quot;peterson14&quot;/&gt; Foddee momentum uillinagh (ny çhyndaa) towl doo ve towshit foddey voish lesh mynscrutaghey [[spectrum lectro-vagnaidagh]] y jysk cruinnee—myr s’tappee çhyndaa yn towl doo, s’niessey da’n scell-linney haghyrt foddee stoo gleashaghey gyn tuittym stiagh, as s’jiargey yn cummey  t’ec y stoo kyndagh rish y jiarg-arraghey ym-hayrnagh echey.&lt;ref name=&quot;reynolds19&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Reynolds|first=Christopher S.|date=Jerrey Geuree 2019|title=Observing black holes spin|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0665-z|journal=Nature Astronomy|volume=3|issue=1|pages=41–47|doi=10.1038/s41550-018-0665-z|issn=2397-3366|arxiv=1903.11704|bibcode=2019NatAs...3...41R|s2cid=85543351|access-date=21 Luanistyn 2020|archive-date=18 Mee Houney 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118092121/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0665-z|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Steiner |first1=James F. |last2=McClintock |first2=Jeffrey E. |last3=Remillard |first3=Ronald A. |last4=Gou |first4=Lijun |last5=Yamada |first5=Shin'ya |last6=Narayan |first6=Ramesh |title=The Constant Inner-Disk Radius of LMC X-3: A Basis for Measuring Black Hole Spin |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2010 |volume=718 |issue=2 |pages=L117–L121 |doi=10.1088/2041-8205/718/2/L117 |arxiv=1006.5729 |bibcode=2010ApJ...718L.117S }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee troyn tuill ghoo ve cronnit lesh ny tonnyn ym-hayrnagh t’ad ceau magh.&lt;ref name=&quot;reynolds19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chatziioannou |first1=Katerina |last2=Lovelace |first2=Geoffrey |last3=Boyle |first3=Michael |last4=Giesler |first4=Matthew |last5=Hemberger |first5=Daniel A. |last6=Katebi |first6=Reza |last7=Kidder |first7=Lawrence E. |last8=Pfeiffer |first8=Harald P. |last9=Scheel |first9=Mark A. |last10=Szilágyi |first10=Béla |title=Measuring the properties of nearly extremal black holes with gravitational waves |journal=Physical Review D |date=2018 |volume=98 |issue=4 |article-number=044028 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.98.044028 |arxiv=1804.03704 |bibcode=2018PhRvD..98d4028C }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Poisson |first1=Eric |title=Measuring black-hole parameters and testing general relativity using gravitational-wave data from space-based interferometers |journal=Physical Review D |date=1996 |volume=54 |issue=10 |pages=5939–5953 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.54.5939 |pmid=10020601 |arxiv=gr-qc/9606024 |bibcode=1996PhRvD..54.5939P }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Echeverria |first1=Fernando |title=Gravitational-wave measurements of the mass and angular momentum of a black hole |journal=Physical Review D |date=1989 |volume=40 |issue=10 |pages=3194–3203 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.40.3194 |pmid=10011687 |bibcode=1989PhRvD..40.3194E }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Er-yn-oyr dy vel y towl doo çheet dys staydys shickyr marish tree parameadar, lhisagh fysseree bentyn rish ny foaynooyn toshee ve cailt; cha nel reamyn ym-hayrnagh ny lectragh y towl doo kiarail monney fysseree bentyn rish ny ren tuittym stiagh, as ta dagh mooadys nagh vel yn-towshanagh foddey veih scell-linney yn towl doo er choayl. Currit rish shen as er-yn-oyr dy nee [[goulraght hermagh|çhermagh]] goulraght Hawking ta ceaut magh veih’n towl doo, cha nel eh gymmyrkey fysseree erbee bentyn rish ny ren tuittym stiagh ‘sy towl doo as, rere shen, s’cosoyllagh dy vel ny fysseree shen goll naardey choud’s ta’n towl doo goulraghey magh. Er-yn-oyr dy vel eh brishey leigh [[freayltys bree]], t’eh er ny ve enmyssit [[sou-cheeall coal fysseree yn towl doo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;math_ucr_edu&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/info_loss.html |title=The Black Hole Information Loss Problem |website=Usenet Physics FAQ |last=Anderson |first=Warren G. |date=1996 |access-date=24 Mayrnt 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122223839/http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/info_loss.html |archive-date=22 Jerrey Geuree 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Preskill1994&quot;&gt;{{cite conference |last=Preskill |first=J. |author-link1=John Preskill |url=http://www.theory.caltech.edu/~preskill/talks/blackholes.pdf |title=Black holes and information: A crisis in quantum physics |date=21 Jerrey Fouyir 1994 |conference=Caltech Theory Seminar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518054438/http://www.theory.caltech.edu/~preskill/talks/blackholes.pdf |archive-date=18 Boaldyn 2008 |access-date=17 Boaldyn 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Danielsson |first1=Ulf H. |last2=Schiffer |first2=Marcelo |title=Quantum mechanics, common sense, and the black hole information paradox |journal=Physical Review D |date=1993 |volume=48 |issue=10 |pages=4779–4784 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.48.4779 |pmid=10016132 |arxiv=gr-qc/9305012 |bibcode=1993PhRvD..48.4779D }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Parameadaryn fishigagh ===
[[Coadan:Black Hole Shadow.gif|thumb|350x350px|Craueyn raadeeoil da’n scaa as y sfeyr photon ayns coreir rish y scell-linney haghyrt]]

Ny tuill ghoo s’oney, ta glout oc agh cha nel lughtey lectragh ny momentum uillinagh oc. Ta ny tuill ghoo shen enmyssit tuill ghoo Schwarzschild dy mennick, ass [[Karl Schwarzschild]], ren feddyn magh y [[Feayslaghyn da cormidyn ream Einstein|feaysley]] ‘sy vlein 1916.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schwarzschild1916&quot; /&gt; Rere [[sheiltynys Birkhoff (conastaght)|sheiltynys Birkhoff]], she eshyn ta’n ynrican [[Feaysley folmid (conastaght chadjin)|feaysley folmid]] ta [[Spoar-hraa himmeadragh chruinn|shimmeadragh cruinn]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Hawking|Ellis|1973|loc=Appendix B}}&lt;/ref&gt; T’eh shen meenaghey nagh vel anchaslys baghtal erbee ayn ec foddeeaght eddyr ream ym-hayrnagh lheid towl too as red cruinn elley as y glout cheddin echey. Controllee gys yn eie cadjin ta gra dy vel tuill ghoo “soo stiagh dagh red” ‘sy çhymmyltaght echey, veih perspeghtaght foddey voish, ta ream ym-hayrnagh y towl doo as corpane elley erbee lesh y ghlout cheddin echey unnane.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first1=Michael A. |last1=Seeds |first2=Dana E. |last2=Backman |title=Perspectives on Astronomy |page=167 |publisher=Cengage Learning |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-495-11352-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXom04KGIL8C&amp;pg=PA167|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810211808/https://books.google.com/books?id=CXom04KGIL8C&amp;pg=PA167 |archive-date=10 Luanistyn 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta feayslaghyn elley ayn ta cur sheese er tuill ghoo chadjin. Ta [[meadraght Reissner–Nordström]] soilshaghey [[towl doo lughtit|tuill ghoo lughtit]] neu-hyndaaee, choud’s ta meadraght Kerr soilshaghey [[towl doo çhyndaaee]] neu-lughtit. She meadraght Kerr–Newman y feaysley s’cadjiney da tuill ghoo [[spoar-hraa ny hassoo|ny hassoo]] as eh soilshaghey towl doo marish lughtey as momentum uillinagh.&lt;ref name=shapiro_teukolsky1983&gt;{{cite book |last1=Shapiro |first1=S. L. |last2=Teukolsky |first2=S. A. |author2-link=Saul Teukolsky |title=Black holes, white dwarfs, and neutron stars: the physics of compact objects |page=357 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |date=1983 |isbn=978-0-471-87316-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rere y sheiltynys, foddee leagh jarrooagh erbee ve ec glout towl doo agh ta’n lughtey as y momentum uillinagh caglit lesh e glout shen. T’eh jerkit dy vel y slane lughtey lectragh&amp;nbsp;''Q'' as y slane momentum uillinagh &amp;nbsp;''J'' cooilleeney yn neuchormid
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\frac{Q^2}{4\pi\epsilon_0} + \frac{c^2 J^2}{G M^2} \le G M^2&lt;/math&gt;
da towl doo ta enmyssit ''M''. Ny tuill ghoo marish y ghlout jantagh sloo ta cooilleeney  y neuchormid shen, t’ad enmyssit [[towl doo feeganagh|feeganagh]]. Ta feayslaghyn da cormidyn Einstein ta brishey yn neuchormid shen ayn, agh cha nel scell-linney haghyrt oc. Ta [[singyltaght rooisht|singyltaghtyn rooisht]] so-akinagh veih’n theihll çheumooie ec ny feayslaghyn shoh.&lt;ref name=&quot;wald 1997&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Wald |first=R. M. |author-link=Robert Wald |title=Black Holes, Gravitational Radiation and the Universe |editor1=Iyer, B. R. |editor2=Bhawal, B. |chapter=Gravitational Collapse and Cosmic Censorship |arxiv=gr-qc/9710068 |date=1997 |pages=69–86 |location=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer &lt;!--|doi=10.1007/978-94-017-0934-7--&gt; |isbn=978-94-017-0934-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shymmey fishigagh ta credjal nagh vel ad jantagh er-yn-oyr dy jinnagh ny singyltaghtyn shen yn tuinney neuaaishnit er dooghys.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Berger |first=B. K.|author-link= Beverly Berger |date=2002 |title=Numerical Approaches to Spacetime Singularities |journal=Living Reviews in Relativity |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=2002–1|article-number=1 |bibcode=2002LRR.....5....1B |doi=10.12942/lrr-2002-1 |doi-access=free |pmid=28179859 |pmc=5256073 |arxiv=gr-qc/0201056}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta [[baght-varel y chinseyraght huinnagh voal]], va treealit lesh [[Roger Penrose]], faagail magh crooaght lheid singyltaghtyn tra t’ad crooit lesh cohuittym ym-hayrnagh jeh [[foaynoo bree|stoo rieughagh]]. Ansherbee, derrey shoh cha nel y sheiltynys shen er ny phrowal as ta fishigee eigsoylagh ayn ta gra dy vel ad jantagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;joshi09&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |date=1 Toshiaght Arree 2009 |title=Naked Singularities |magazine=[[Scientific American]] |last=Joshi |first=Pankaj S.  |pages=36–43 |volume=300 |issue=2 |jstor=26001219 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Chammah’s shen, cha nel fys ayn er jargaght tuill ghoo ve feeganagh as croo singyltaghtyn rooisht, er-yn-oyr dy vel obbraghyn najooragh cur bac er y çhyndaa as y lughtey ardjaghey tra ta towl doo begnagh feeganagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;joshi09&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Reynolds |first1=Christopher S. |title=The spin of supermassive black holes |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |date=2013 |volume=30 |issue=24 |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/30/24/244004 |arxiv=1307.3246 |bibcode=2013CQGra..30x4004R }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ghosh |first1=Rajes |last2=Mishra |first2=Akash K. |last3=Sarkar |first3=Sudipta |title=Overcharging extremal black holes |journal=Physical Review D |date=2021 |volume=104 |issue=10 |article-number=104043 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.104.104043 |arxiv=2106.10667 |bibcode=2021PhRvD.104j4043G }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Lughtey ====
T’eh er credjal dy vel lughtey neaghtyragh faggyssagh ec y chooid smoo jeh tuill ghoo. Myr sampleyr, ren Michal Zajaček, Arman Tursunov, Andreas Eckart, as Silke Britzen feddyn magh dy row yn [[lughtey lectragh]] ec Sagittarius A*, y towl doo ec çheshvean Raad Mooar Gorree, jeih oardagh mooadys er y chooid sloo fo’n earroo sheiltynagh sloo.&lt;ref name=&quot;zteb18&quot; /&gt; My jagh towl doo dy ve lughtit, veagh floagyn as cowrey lughtee condaigagh oc tayrnit stiagh lesh y [[lectro-vagnaidys|forse lectro-vagnaidagh]], choud’s veagh floagyn as y cowrey lughtee cheddin oc er ny aawoalley as y towl doo er ny neaghtyraghey. Foddee nagh beagh yn eiyrtys shen cha lajer my vees y towl doo çhyndaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Gong |first1=Yi |last2=Cao |first2=Zhoujian |last3=Gao |first3=He |last4=Zhang |first4=Bing |title=On neutralization of charged black holes |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2019 |volume=488 |issue=2 |pages=2722–2731 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stz1904 |doi-access=seyr |arxiv=1907.05239 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee faare lughtee injillaghey crantessen y towl doo heose dys 38% as t’eh scughey yn cruinlagh kiarkylagh shickyr sthie (ISCO{{Efn|veih “innermost stable circular orbit” y Vaarle}}) ny s’odjey stiagh gyn scansh da [[Lughtey lectragh|lughtaghey lectragh]] ny neaghtyraghey lectragh ny floagyn çheusthie jeh’n ISCO.&lt;ref name=&quot;zteb18&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zajaček |first1=Michal |last2=Tursunov |first2=Arman |last3=Eckart |first3=Andreas |last4=Britzen |first4=Silke |title=On the charge of the Galactic centre black hole |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2018 |volume=480 |issue=4 |pages=4408–4423 |doi=10.1093/mnras/sty2182 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1808.07327 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zakharov |first1=A. F. |last2=De Paolis |first2=F. |last3=Ingrosso |first3=G. |last4=Nucita |first4=A. A. |title=Direct measurements of black hole charge with future astrometrical missions |journal=Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics |date=2005 |volume=442 |issue=3 |pages=795–799 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053432 |arxiv=astro-ph/0505286 |bibcode=2005A&amp;A...442..795Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta’n lughtey&amp;nbsp;Q da towl doo neu-hyndaaee caglit lesh
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;Q\leq\sqrt{G}M&lt;/math&gt;
raad ta G soilshaghey yn beayn-earroo ym-hayrnagh as ta M soilshaghey glout y towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Turimov |first1=Bobur |last2=Boboqambarova |first2=Madina |last3=Ahmedov |first3=Bobomurat |last4=Stuchlík |first4=Zdeněk |title=Distinguishable feature of electric and magnetic charged black hole |journal=The European Physical Journal Plus |date=2022 |volume=137 |issue=2 |article-number=222 |doi=10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-02390-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ny tuill ghoo smoo gloutagh, t’ad enmyssit [[towl doo yl-ghloutagh|tuill ghoo yl-ghloutagh]] as ad ny smoo na {{value|e=6}} jeh glout ny Greiney.&lt;ref name=&quot;nasa20&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Holes |url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/topic/black-holes |access-date=26 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=Center for Astrophysics}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Mezcua |first1=Mar |title=Encyclopedia of Astrobiology |chapter=Black Holes |date=2021 |pages=1–8 &lt;!--|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_5510-1--&gt; |arxiv=2110.08629 |isbn=978-3-642-27833-4 }}&lt;/ref&gt; T’eh credjit dy vel ny tuill ghoo shen soit ec çheshveanyn begnagh dagh co-rolageys mooar, goaill stiagh Raad Mooar Gorree.&lt;ref name=&quot;ff05&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;peterson14&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Broderick |first1=Avery E. |last2=Loeb |first2=Abraham |last3=Narayan |first3=Ramesh |title=The Event Horizon of Sagittarius A |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2009-08-20_701_2/page/1357 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2009 |volume=701 |issue=2 |pages=1357–1366 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1357 |arxiv=0903.1105 |bibcode=2009ApJ...701.1357B }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Yuan |first1=Feng |last2=Quataert |first2=Eliot |last3=Narayan |first3=Ramesh |title=On the Nature of the Variable Infrared Emission from Sagittarius A |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2004 |volume=606 |issue=2 |pages=894–899 &lt;!--|doi=10.1086/383117--&gt; |arxiv=astro-ph/0401429 |bibcode=2004ApJ...606..894Y }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sheanseyryn jannoo tuarymaght  dy daink ny tuill ghoo shen magh ass cohuittym [[rollage y III pobble|rollageyn mooarey yn III pobble]], [[towl doo jeeragh cohuittymagh|cohuittym jeeragh]] mooadyssyn mooarey stoo, ny covestey ram tuill ghoo elley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Volonteri |first1=Marta |title=Formation of supermassive black holes |journal=The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review |date=2010 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=279–315 |doi=10.1007/s00159-010-0029-x |arxiv=1003.4404 |bibcode=2010A&amp;ARv..18..279V }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gaete24&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gaete24&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Choi |first1=Jun-Hwan |last2=Shlosman |first2=Isaac |last3=Begelman |first3=Mitchell C. |title=Supermassive Black Hole Formation at High Redshifts Via Direct Collapse: Physical Processes in the Early Stage |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2013 |volume=774 |issue=2 |page=149 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/149 |arxiv=1304.1369 |bibcode=2013ApJ...774..149C }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sheanseyryn elley er treeal fo-ronney dy huill ghoo ny smoo na adsyn as ad enmyssit [[towl too erskyn-ghloutagh|tuil ghoo erskyn-ghloutagh]], as ad ny smoo na {{value|e=9}}&amp;ndash;{{value|e=10}} er glout greiney.&lt;ref name=&quot;gaete24&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Natarajan |first1=Priyamvada |last2=Treister |first2=Ezequiel |title=Is there an upper limit to black hole masses? |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2009 |volume=393 |issue=3 |pages=838–845 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13864.x |arxiv=0808.2813 |bibcode=2009MNRAS.393..838N |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Dullo |first1=Bililign T. |last2=Gil De Paz |first2=Armando |last3=Knapen |first3=Johan H. |title=Ultramassive Black Holes in the Most Massive Galaxies: M &lt;sub&gt;BH&lt;/sub&gt;–σ versus M &lt;sub&gt;BH&lt;/sub&gt;–R &lt;sub&gt;b&lt;/sub&gt; |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2021 |volume=908 |issue=2 |page=134 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/abceae |arxiv=2012.04471 |bibcode=2021ApJ...908..134D |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Cha nel eh liklee dy vel lheid tuill ghoo shen ny smoo na 50-100 billoon keayrtyn jeh glout ny Greiney er mayrn nish er-yn-oyr dy vel aase tuill ghoo caglit rere eash y tuinney.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | title=How big can a black hole grow? | last1=King | first1=Andrew | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters | volume=456 | issue=1 | pages=L109–L112 | date=Toshiaght Arree 2016 | doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slv186 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2016MNRAS.456L.109K | arxiv=1511.08502 | s2cid=40147275 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://futurism.com/is-there-a-size-limit-to-how-large-a-black-hole-can-become | title=Is There a Limit to How Large Black Holes Can Become? | first1=Jaime | last1=Trosper | date=5 Boaldyn 2014 | website=futurism.com | access-date=27 Mee Houney 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.science.org/content/article/limit-how-big-black-holes-can-grow-astonishing | title=Limit to how big black holes can grow is astonishing | first1=Daniel | last1=Clery | date=21 Mee ny Nollick 2015 | website=sciencemag.org | access-date=27 Mee Houney 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2015/december/black-holes-could-grow-as-large-as-50-billion-suns-before-their-food-crumbles-into-stars-research-shows | title=Black holes could grow as large as 50 billion suns before their food crumbles into stars, research shows | publisher=Ollooscoill Leicester | access-date=27 Mee Houney 2018 | archive-date=25 Jerrey Fouyir 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025005826/https://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2015/december/black-holes-could-grow-as-large-as-50-billion-suns-before-their-food-crumbles-into-stars-research-shows | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Çhyndaa ====
Neughollrish y lughtey, t’eh jerkit dy nee tro co-chadjin lesh reddyn fishigagh rollageagh eh yn çhyndaa as y chooid smoo jeh tuill ghoo begnagh ec y chormid s’yrjey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Hole Basics |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/ |access-date=25 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=NASA.gov |date=13 Mayrnt 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;daly19&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Daly |first1=Ruth A. |title=Black Hole Spin and Accretion Disk Magnetic Field Strength Estimates for More Than 750 Active Galactic Nuclei and Multiple Galactic Black Holes |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2019 |volume=886 |issue=1 |page=37 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab35e6 |arxiv=1905.11319 |bibcode=2019ApJ...886...37D |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eo16&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Eilon |first1=Ehud |last2=Ori |first2=Amos |title=Numerical study of the gravitational shock wave inside a spherical charged black hole |journal=Physical Review D |date=2016 |volume=94 |issue=10 |article-number=104060 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.94.104060 |arxiv=1610.04355 |bibcode=2016PhRvD..94j4060E }}&lt;/ref&gt; Myr sampleyr, ta towl doo meanagh Raad Mooar Gorree, Sagittarius A*, çhyndaa ec mysh 90% y chormid s’yrjey.&lt;ref name=&quot;daly19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Daly |first1=Ruth A. |last2=Donahue |first2=Megan |last3=O'Dea |first3=Christopher P. |last4=Sebastian |first4=Biny |last5=Haggard |first5=Daryl |last6=Lu |first6=Anan |title=New black hole spin values for Sagittarius A* obtained with the outflow method |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2024 |volume=527 |pages=428–436 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad3228 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; S’cosoylagh dy vel momentum uillinagh y towl doo yl-ghloutagh ec mean y cho-rollageys [[Messier 87|M87]] begnagh ec y leagh lowit s’yrjey.&lt;ref name=&quot;daly19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Tamburini |first1=Fabrizio |last2=Thidé |first2=Bo |last3=Della Valle |first3=Massimo |title=Measurement of the spin of the M87 black hole from its observed twisted light |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters |date=2020 |volume=492 |pages=L22–L27 |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slz176 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1904.07923 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Bambi |first1=Cosimo |last2=Freese |first2=Katherine |last3=Vagnozzi |first3=Sunny |last4=Visinelli |first4=Luca |title=Testing the rotational nature of the supermassive object M87* from the circularity and size of its first image |journal=Physical Review D |date=2019 |volume=100 |issue=4 |article-number=044057 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044057 |arxiv=1904.12983 |bibcode=2019PhRvD.100d4057B }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta’n cagliagh neu-lughtit shen&lt;ref name=&quot;50SMBH&quot; /&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;J \le \frac{GM^{2}}{c},&lt;/math&gt;
lhiggey da meenaghey parameadar çhyndaa [[gyn towshan]]:&lt;ref name=&quot;50SMBH&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;50SMBH&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.221101 |pmid=28621973 |title=GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2 |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |date=1 Mean Souree 2017 |first=B. P. |last=Abbott |collaboration=[[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]] as Virgo Collaboration |volume=118 |issue=22 |article-number=221101 |arxiv=1706.01812 |bibcode=2017PhRvL.118v1101A|s2cid=206291714 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Foddee leagh ''cJ/GM{{sup|2}}'' goll ny s’yrjey{{nbsp}}1 da reddyn goaill magh tuill ghoo. She ≤ 0.4 y leagh s’yrjey da rollageyn naeearaneagh, as yinnagh cormidyn steat cadjin cur cagliagh &lt; 0.7 er y leagh shen.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRL-171016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Abbott |first1=B. P. |display-authors=et al |collaboration=[[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]] &amp; [[tessen-veadar Virgo|Virgo Collaboration]] |title=GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=16 Jerrey Fouyir 2017 |volume=119 |issue=16 |article-number=161101 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.161101 |pmid=29099225 |arxiv=1710.05832 |bibcode=2017PhRvL.119p1101A|s2cid=217163611 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt; 0 \le \frac{cJ}{GM^{2}}\le 1.&lt;/math&gt;

{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;&quot;
|+ Rang-oardraghey tuill ghoo
|-
! Rang !! Glout&lt;br /&gt;fagg. !! Craue raadeeoil&lt;br /&gt;faagys.
|-
|[[Towl doo yl-ghloutagh#Tuill ghoo erskyn-ghloutagh|Towl doo erskyn-ghloutagh]] ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| {{10^|9}}–{{solar mass|{{10^|11}}}}  ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|&gt;1,000 [[Unnid rollageydagh|AU]]
|-
|[[Towl doo yl-ghloutagh]] ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| {{10^|6}}–{{solar mass|{{10^|9}}}} ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|0.001–400 [[Unnid rollageydagh|AU]]
|-
|[[Towl doo mean-ghloutagh]] ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| {{10^|2}}–{{solar mass|{{10^|5}}}} ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|10{{sup|3}} km ≈ [[craue raadeeoil y Dowan|''R''{{sub|y Dowan}}]]
|-
|[[Towl doo rollageagh]] ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;| {{solar mass|2–150}} ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|30&amp;nbsp;km
|-
|[[Meegra-howl doo]] ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|seose dys ''M''{{sub|[[yn Eayst]]}} ||style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;|seose dys 0.1&amp;nbsp;mm
|}

==== Glout ====
S’lheeadagh y reayn glout t’ec tuill ghoo. Ta glout s’inshley jeh towl doo va crooit lesh cohuittym ym-hayrnagh rollageagh er ny stiurey lesh glout rollage naeearaneagh s’yrjey as t’eh er credjal dy vel eh eddyr daa as kiare glout greiney.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Cromartie |first1=H. T. |last2=Fonseca |first2=E. |last3=Ransom |first3=S. M. |last4=Demorest |first4=P. B. |last5=Arzoumanian |first5=Z. |last6=Blumer |first6=H. |last7=Brook |first7=P. R. |last8=Decesar |first8=M. E. |last9=Dolch |first9=T. |last10=Ellis |first10=J. A. |last11=Ferdman |first11=R. D. |last12=Ferrara |first12=E. C. |last13=Garver-Daniels |first13=N. |last14=Gentile |first14=P. A. |last15=Jones |first15=M. L. |last16=Lam |first16=M. T. |last17=Lorimer |first17=D. R. |last18=Lynch |first18=R. S. |last19=McLaughlin |first19=M. A. |last20=Ng |first20=C. |last21=Nice |first21=D. J. |last22=Pennucci |first22=T. T. |last23=Spiewak |first23=R. |last24=Stairs |first24=I. H. |last25=Stovall |first25=K. |last26=Swiggum |first26=J. K. |last27=Zhu |first27=W. W. |title=Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=2019 |volume=4 |pages=72–76 |doi=10.1038/s41550-019-0880-2 |arxiv=1904.06759 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Drischler |first1=Christian |last2=Han |first2=Sophia |last3=Lattimer |first3=James M. |last4=Prakash |first4=Madappa |last5=Reddy |first5=Sanjay |last6=Zhao |first6=Tianqi |title=Limiting masses and radii of neutron stars and their implications |journal=Physical Review C |date=2021 |volume=103 |issue=4 |article-number=045808 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.103.045808 |arxiv=2009.06441 |bibcode=2021PhRvC.103d5808D }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Farr |first1=Will M. |last2=Sravan |first2=Niharika |last3=Cantrell |first3=Andrew |last4=Kreidberg |first4=Laura |last5=Bailyn |first5=Charles D. |last6=Mandel |first6=Ilya |last7=Kalogera |first7=Vicky |title=The Mass Distribution of Stellar-Mass Black Holes |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2011 |volume=741 |issue=2 |page=103 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/103 |arxiv=1011.1459 |bibcode=2011ApJ...741..103F }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, foddee [[towl doo bunneydagh|tuill ghoo vunneydagh]] haghyr tammylt beg lurg y Bleaystey Mooar, ve foddey ny sloo as glout cha beg as {{val|e=-5|u=grams}} ec y chrooaght oc.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Carr |first1=Bernard |last2=Kohri |first2=Kazunori |last3=Sendouda |first3=Yuuiti |last4=Yokoyama |first4=Jun'Ichi |title=Constraints on primordial black holes |journal=Reports on Progress in Physics |date=2021 |volume=84 |issue=11 |doi=10.1088/1361-6633/ac1e31 |pmid=34874316 |arxiv=2002.12778 |bibcode=2021RPPh...84k6902C }}&lt;/ref&gt; Keayrtyn, ta ny tuill ghoo shen enmyssit [[meegra-howl doo|meegra-huill ghoo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Nakama |first1=Tomohiro |last2=Yokoyama |first2=Jun'Ichi |title=Micro black holes formed in the early Universe and their cosmological implications |journal=Physical Review D |date=2019 |volume=99 |issue=6 |article-number=061303 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.99.061303 |arxiv=1811.05049 |bibcode=2019PhRvD..99f1303N }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Scardigli |first1=Fabio |title=Gravity coupling from micro-black holes |journal=Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements |date=2000 |volume=88 |issue=1–3 |pages=291–294 |doi=10.1016/S0920-5632(00)00788-X |arxiv=hep-th/9907150 |bibcode=2000NuPhS..88..291S }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta tuill ghoo va crooit lesh cohuittym rollageagh enmyssit tuill ghoo rollageagh. Ny leaghyn da’n ghlout s’yrjey ec y chrooaght oc, t’eh oolit dy vel ad eddyr 10 as 100 glout greiney, as oolaghyn ny s’yrjey da tuill ghoo va roie-ghientit lesh rollageyn [[meainaght|beg-veainagh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Belczynski |first1=Krzysztof |last2=Bulik |first2=Tomasz |last3=Fryer |first3=Chris L. |last4=Ruiter |first4=Ashley |last5=Valsecchi |first5=Francesca |last6=Vink |first6=Jorick S. |last7=Hurley |first7=Jarrod R. |title=On the Maximum Mass of Stellar Black Holes |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2010 |volume=714 |issue=2 |pages=1217–1226 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1217 |arxiv=0904.2784 |bibcode=2010ApJ...714.1217B }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Fryer |first1=Chris L. |last2=Kalogera |first2=Vassiliki |title=Theoretical Black Hole Mass Distributions |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2001-06-10_554_1/page/548 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2001 |volume=554 |issue=1 |pages=548–560 |doi=10.1086/321359 |arxiv=astro-ph/9911312 |bibcode=2001ApJ...554..548F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Fryer |first1=Chris L. |title=Mass Limits for Black Hole Formation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1999-09-01_522_1/page/413 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=1999 |volume=522 |issue=1 |pages=413–418 |doi=10.1086/307647 |arxiv=astro-ph/9902315 |bibcode=1999ApJ...522..413F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Vink |first1=Jorick S. |last2=Higgins |first2=Erin R. |last3=Sander |first3=Andreas A C. |last4=Sabhahit |first4=Gautham N. |title=Maximum black hole mass across cosmic time |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2021 |volume=504 |pages=146–154 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stab842 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2010.11730 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mc04&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Coleman Miller |first1=M. |last2=Colbert |first2=E. J. M. |title=Intermediate-Mass Black Holes |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics D |date=2004 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.1142/S0218271804004426 |arxiv=astro-ph/0308402 |bibcode=2004IJMPD..13....1M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee ny tuill ghoo shen cosney glout s’odjey dy gheddyn lesh cruinnaghey stoo faggyssagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lupi |first1=A. |last2=Haardt |first2=F. |last3=Dotti |first3=M. |last4=Fiacconi |first4=D. |last5=Mayer |first5=L. |last6=Madau |first6=P. |title=Growing massive black holes through supercritical accretion of stellar-mass seeds |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2016 |volume=456 |issue=3 |pages=2993–3003 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stv2877 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1512.02651 }}&lt;/ref&gt; S’mennick ta tuill ghoo rollageagh feddynit ayns [[corys jeesoil scell-X|coryssyn jeesoil scell-X]] marish rollageyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;lph97&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Dunn |first1=R. J. H. |last2=Fender |first2=R. P. |last3=Körding |first3=E. G. |last4=Belloni |first4=T. |last5=Cabanac |first5=C. |title=A global spectral study of black hole X-ray binaries |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2010 |volume=403 |issue=1 |pages=61–82 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16114.x |arxiv=0912.0142 |bibcode=2010MNRAS.403...61D |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=X-ray Binaries |date=28 January 1997 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-59934-4 |page=1 |editor-last=Lewin |editor-first=Walter H. G. |editor-last2=Jan |editor-first2=van Paradijs |editor-last3=van den Heuvel |editor-first3=Edward P.J.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Shao |first1=Yong |last2=Li |first2=Xiang-Dong |title=Population Synthesis of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2020 |volume=898 |issue=2 |page=143 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aba118 |arxiv=2006.15961 |bibcode=2020ApJ...898..143S |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee ny coryssyn jeesoil shoh ve rang-oardit myr coryssyn &lt;em&gt;beg-ghloutagh&lt;/em&gt; ny &lt;em&gt;ard-ghloutagh&lt;/em&gt;. Ta’n rang-oardraghey shoh bunnit er glout y cho-rollage, as chan er glout y red çhionn hene.&lt;ref name=&quot;lph97&quot; /&gt; Ta tuill ghoo rollageagh ry-gheddyn chammah ayns coryssyn jeesoil marish reddyn çhionn elley, lheid as [[crivassan bane|crivassanyn bane]],&lt;ref name=&quot;lph97&quot; /&gt; rollageyn naeearaneagh,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Broekgaarden |first1=Floor S. |last2=Berger |first2=Edo |title=Formation of the First Two Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers (GW200115 and GW200105) from Isolated Binary Evolution |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=2021 |volume=920 |issue=1 |pages=L13 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac2832 |arxiv=2108.05763 |bibcode=2021ApJ...920L..13B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chattopadhyay |first1=Debatri |last2=Stevenson |first2=Simon |last3=Broekgaarden |first3=Floor |last4=Antonini |first4=Fabio |last5=Belczynski |first5=Krzysztof |title=Modelling the formation of the first two neutron star–black hole mergers, GW200105 and GW200115: Metallicity, chirp masses, and merger remnant spins |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2022 |volume=513 |issue=4 |pages=5780–5789 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac1283 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; as tuill ghoo elley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ziosi |first1=B. M. |last2=Mapelli |first2=M. |last3=Branchesi |first3=M. |last4=Tormen |first4=G. |title=Dynamics of stellar black holes in young star clusters with different metallicities - II. Black hole-black hole binaries |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2014 |volume=441 |issue=4 |pages=3703–3717 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stu824 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1404.7147 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sources and Types of Gravitational Waves |url=https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/gw-sources |access-date=26 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=LIGO Caltech}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuill ghoo ny smoo na tuill ghoo rollageagh agh ny sloo na tuill ghoo yl-ghloutagh, ta’d enmyssit [[towl doo mean-ghloutagh|tuill ghoo vean-ghloutagh]] keayrtyn as ad eddyr {{value|e=2}} as {{value|e=5}} glout greiney masses er glout. S’cosoylagh dy vel ny tuill ghoo shen ny smoo goan na ny tuill ghoo rollageagh as yl-ghloutagh, as s’goan ny yeearreyderyn va fakinit.&lt;ref name=&quot;nasa20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Hole Types |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/types |access-date=26 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=NASA.gov |date=21 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mc04&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Caputo |first1=Daniel P. |last2=De Vries |first2=Nathan |last3=Patruno |first3=Alessandro |last4=Portegies Zwart |first4=Simon |title=On Estimating the Total Number of Intermediate Mass Black Holes |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2017 |article-number=stw3336 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stw3336 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fishigee treeal dy vel lheid tuill ghoo shen crooit lurg covuillaghyn ayns [[çhaglym bluckanagh|çhaglymyn bluckanagh]] as [[çhaglym rollageagh|rollageagh]] ny ec çheshveanyn [[co-rollageys crivassanagh|co-rollageyssyn crivassanagh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Coleman Miller |first1=M. |last2=Hamilton |first2=Douglas P. |title=Production of intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2002 |volume=330 |issue=1 |pages=232–240 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05112.x |arxiv=astro-ph/0106188 |bibcode=2002MNRAS.330..232C |doi-access=seyr }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Rizzuto |first1=Francesco Paolo |last2=Naab |first2=Thorsten |last3=Spurzem |first3=Rainer |last4=Giersz |first4=Mirek |last5=Ostriker |first5=J. P. |last6=Stone |first6=N. C. |last7=Wang |first7=Long |last8=Berczik |first8=Peter |last9=Rampp |first9=M. |title=Intermediate mass black hole formation in compact young massive star clusters |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2021 |volume=501 |issue=4 |pages=5257–5273 |doi=10.1093/mnras/staa3634 |doi-access=seyr |arxiv=2008.09571 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Fujii |first1=Michiko S. |last2=Wang |first2=Long |last3=Tanikawa |first3=Ataru |last4=Hirai |first4=Yutaka |last5=Saitoh |first5=Takayuki R. |title=Simulations predict intermediate-mass black hole formation in globular clusters |journal=Science |date=2024 |volume=384 |issue=6703 |pages=1488–1492 |doi=10.1126/science.adi4211 |pmid=38815090 |arxiv=2406.06772 |bibcode=2024Sci...384.1488F }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Barai |first1=Paramita |last2=De Gouveia Dal Pino |first2=Elisabete M. |title=Intermediate-mass black hole growth and feedback in dwarf galaxies at high redshifts |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2019 |volume=487 |issue=4 |pages=5549–5563 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stz1616 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1807.04768 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Beckmann |first1=R. S. |last2=Dubois |first2=Y. |last3=Volonteri |first3=M. |last4=Dong-Páez |first4=C. A. |last5=Trebitsch |first5=M. |last6=Devriendt |first6=J. |last7=Kaviraj |first7=S. |last8=Kimm |first8=T. |last9=Peirani |first9=S. |title=Population statistics of intermediate-mass black holes in dwarf galaxies using the newhorizon simulation |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2023 |volume=523 |issue=4 |pages=5610–5623 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad1544 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2211.13301 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee ad ve crooit myr eiyrtys er covestey tuill ghoo ny sloo, as baghtyn LIGO eigsoylagh er ny gheddyn tuill ghoo çheusthie ‘sy reayn eddyr 110 as 350 glout greiney.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ruiz-Rocha |first1=Krystal |last2=Yelikar |first2=Anjali B. |last3=Lange |first3=Jacob |last4=Gabella |first4=William |last5=Weller |first5=Robert A. |last6=o'Shaughnessy |first6=Richard |last7=Holley-Bockelmann |first7=Kelly |last8=Jani |first8=Karan |title=Properties of &quot;Lite&quot; Intermediate-mass Black Hole Candidates in LIGO-Virgo's Third Observing Run |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=2025 |volume=985 |issue=2 |pages=L37 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/adc5f8 |arxiv=2502.17681 |bibcode=2025ApJ...985L..37R |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Abbott |first1=R. |last2=Abbott |first2=T. D. |last3=Acernese |first3=F. |last4=Ackley |first4=K. |last5=Adams |first5=C. |last6=Adhikari |first6=N. |last7=Adhikari |first7=R. X. |last8=Adya |first8=V. B. |last9=Affeldt |first9=C. |last10=Agarwal |first10=D. |last11=Agathos |first11=M. |last12=Agatsuma |first12=K. |last13=Aggarwal |first13=N. |last14=Aguiar |first14=O. D. |last15=Aiello |first15=L. |last16=Ain |first16=A. |last17=Ajith |first17=P. |last18=Akutsu |first18=T. |last19=Albanesi |first19=S. |last20=Allocca |first20=A. |last21=Altin |first21=P. A. |last22=Amato |first22=A. |last23=Anand |first23=C. |last24=Anand |first24=S. |last25=Ananyeva |first25=A. |last26=Anderson |first26=S. B. |last27=Anderson |first27=W. 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==== Craue raadeeoil ====
Da towl doo neulughtit neu-hyndaaee, ta craue raadeeoil y scell-linney haghyrt, ny craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild, ayns coreir rish y ghlout, ''M'', trooid
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;r_\mathrm{s}=\frac{2GM}{c^2} \approx 2.95\, \frac{M}{M_\odot}~\mathrm{km,}&lt;/math&gt;
raad ta ''r''{{sub|s}} soilshaghey craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild as raad ta {{solar mass}} soilshaghey [[glout greiney|glout ny Greiney]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Wald|1984|pp=124–125}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da towl doo marish çhyndaa ny lughtey neu-neunhee, ta’n craue raadeeoil ny sloo,{{Efn|Ta craue raadeeoil y scell-linney haghyrt (mooie) scaailey myr: &lt;math&gt;M + \sqrt{M^2 - {{(J/M)}}^2 - Q^2}.&lt;/math&gt;}} derrey vees scell-linney haghyrt ec towl doo feeganagh er gerrey da
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;r_\mathrm{+}=\frac{GM}{c^2},&lt;/math&gt;
lieh-ayrn jeh craue raadeeoil towl doo neu-hyndaaee neulughtit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Saa |first1=Alberto |last2=Santarelli |first2=Raphael |title=Destroying a near-extremal Kerr–Newman black hole |journal=Physical Review D |date=18 Jerrey Souree 2011 |volume=84 |issue=2 |article-number=027501 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.84.027501 |arxiv=1105.3950 |bibcode=2011PhRvD..84b7501S|s2cid=118487989 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Towse-oaylleeaght vooie ===
==== Ergosfeyr ====
{{main|Ergosfeyr}}
[[Coadan:Ergosphere and event horizon of a rotating black hole (no animation).gif|thumb|She ard çheumooie jeh’n scell-linney haghyrt raad nagh vel reddyn jargal dy hannaghtyn ayn.&lt;ref name=viss&gt;{{cite arXiv |eprint=0706.0622 |last1=Visser |first1=Matt |title=The Kerr spacetime: A brief introduction |class=gr-qc |year=2007 |at=page 35, Fig. 3}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Ta’n chonastaght chadjin faaishnaghey dy vees glout çhyndaaee ennagh “tayrn” er y spoar-hraa ta jeeragh mygeayrt y mysh. Nee eh cur rish çhyndaa yn spoar-hraa mygeayrt y glout, gollrish eeirey. Tayrnee yn spoar-hraa çhyndaaee stoo as sollysh erbee stiagh ayns çhyndaa mygeayrt y glout çhyndaaee chammah. Yn eiyrtys shoh, ta enmyssit ''tayrn fraamey'', myr s’niessey da’n ghlout çhyndaaee t’eh s’troshey t’eh.&lt;ref name=&quot;reynolds18&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Reynolds |first1=Christopher S. |title=Observing black holes spin |journal=Nature Astronomy |date=2019 |volume=3 |pages=41–47 |doi=10.1038/s41550-018-0665-z |arxiv=1903.11704 |bibcode=2019NatAs...3...41R }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta’n eiyrtys shoh feer lajer faggys da towl doo çhyndaaee. Ta tuill ghoo hyndaaee cruinnit lesh ard jeh’n spoar-hraa ta enmyssit yn ergosfeyr raad t’eh neuyantagh dy hannaghtyn kinjagh ayn. T’eh shoh taghyrtyn er-yn-oyr dy ve y tayrn fraamey cha lajer faggys da’n scell-linney haghyrt as dy lhisagh red gleashaghey ny s’tappe na [[bieauid hollys]] ‘sy troa contraartagh feeu dy hannaghtyn kinjagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|loc=Ch. 6.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reynolds18&quot; /&gt;

Ta ergosfeyr towl doo ny thummid ta caglit lesh scell-linney haghyrt y towl doo as yn “ergo-eaghtyr,” ta coadail ry-cheilley rish y scell-linney haghyrt ec ny puill agh ec foddeeaght ny smoo ec y veanchiarkyl.&lt;ref name=viss /&gt;

Foddee stoo as goulraght scapail veih’n ergosfeyr. Trooid [[loaghtey Penrose]], foddee reddyn çheet ass yn ergosfeyr lesh ny smoo bree na v’oc tra hie ad stiagh. Ta’n bree brash goit veih bree çhyndaaee yn towl doo, as eh moalaghey çhyndaa yn towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|loc=Ch. 6.7}}&lt;/ref&gt; She caghlaays loaghtey Penrose ayns faare reamyn magnaidagh lajer eh [[loaghtey Blandford–Znajek]], as t’eh coontit myr obbrinaght chosoyllagh da lossanaght vooar as skiootyn conastaghtoil [[quasar]]yn as [[çheshvean co-rollageyssagh bio|çheshveanyn co-rollageyssagh bio]] elley.&lt;ref name=&quot;lwb00&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Hyun Kyu |last2=Wijers |first2=R.A.M.J. |last3=Brown |first3=G.E. |title=The Blandford–Znajek process as a central engine for a gamma-ray burst |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physics-reports_2000-02_325_3/page/n4 |journal=Physics Reports |date=2000 |volume=325 |issue=3 |pages=83–114 |doi=10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00084-8 |arxiv=astro-ph/9906213 |bibcode=2000PhR...325...83L }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Jysk cruinnee ====
{{Main|Jysk cruinnee}}
[[Coadan:Black Hole Desktop &amp; Phone Wallpapers (SVS14146 - BH accretion disk viz desktop).png|thumb|Towl doo as jysk cruinnee oranje-vuigh echey. Ny h-ayrnyn jeh’n jysk ta kiarkley erskyn as fo’n towl, t’ad lensit fo ym-hayrn veih cooyl y towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black Hole Anatomy |url=https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/anatomy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424044622/https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/anatomy/ |archive-date=24 Averil 2025 |access-date=13 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=NASA Science |date=2 Luanistyn 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Lensing and shadow of a black hole surrounded by a heavy accretion disk |journal=Journey of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics |last1=Cunha |first1=Pedro |date=16 Mayrnt 2020 |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/035 |volume=2020 |issue=3 |via=IOPscience |last2=Eiró |first2=Nelson |last3=Herdeiro |first3=Carlos |last4=Lemos |first4=José |page=035 |arxiv=1912.08833 |doi=10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/035 |bibcode=2020JCAP...03..035C }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Kyndagh rish [[coadey momentum uillinagh]], nee gas ta tuittym stiagh ‘sy [[çhibbyr ym-hayrnagh]], t’er ny chroo lesh red gloutagh, croo strughtoor ayns cummey jysk mygeayrt y red.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://phys.org/news/2018-02-dynamics-black-hole-rotational-energy.html|title=Researchers clarify dynamics of black hole rotational energy|access-date=17 Mean Fouyir 2018|archive-date=17 Mean Fouyir 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917105330/https://phys.org/news/2018-02-dynamics-black-hole-rotational-energy.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; As momentum uillinagh y jysk er ny scughey magh kyndagh rish loaghtaghyn sthie, ta’n stoo tuittym s’odjey stiagh as çhyndaa yn bree ym-hayrnagh echey stiag hayns çhiassid as skealley [[flusk]] mooar dy scellyn-X.&lt;ref name=McClintockRemillard2006&gt;{{cite book |last1=McClintock |first1=J. E. |last2=Remillard |first2=R. A. |chapter=Black Hole Binaries |editor1-first=W. |editor1-last=Lewin|editor2-first=M. |editor2-last=van der Klis |title=Compact Stellar X-ray Sources |page=157 |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-82659-4 |arxiv=astro-ph/0306213 |bibcode=2006csxs.book..157M}} meer 4.1.5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Abramowicz |first1=Marek A. |last2=Fragile |first2=P. Chris |title=Foundations of Black Hole Accretion Disk Theory |journal=Living Reviews in Relativity |date=2013 |volume=16 |issue=1 |article-number=1 |doi=10.12942/lrr-2013-1 |pmid=28179840 |pmc=5256006 |arxiv=1104.5499 |bibcode=2013LRR....16....1A |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Blaes |first1=Omer |title=General Overview of Black Hole Accretion Theory |journal=Space Science Reviews |date=2014 |volume=183 |issue=1–4 |pages=21–41 |doi=10.1007/s11214-013-9985-6 |arxiv=1304.4879 |bibcode=2014SSRv..183...21B }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pt74&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Page |first1=Don N. |last2=Thorne |first2=Kip S. |title=Disk-Accretion onto a Black Hole. Time-Averaged Structure of Accretion Disk |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1974-07-15_191_2/page/499 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=1974 |volume=191 |page=499 |doi=10.1086/152990 |bibcode=1974ApJ...191..499P }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee çhiassid ny jyskyn shoh ve eddyr ny thousaneyn dys ny millioonyn dy [[Kelvin]], as foddee çhiassidyn anchasley rish y cheilley ‘sy jysk cruinnee cheddin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Lasota |first1=Jean-Pierre |title=Astrophysics of Black Holes |chapter=Black Hole Accretion Discs |series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library |date=2016 |volume=440 |pages=1–60 &lt;!--|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-52859-4_1--&gt; |arxiv=1505.02172 |isbn=978-3-662-52857-0 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Beloborodov |first1=A. M. |title=Super-Eddington accretion discs around Kerr black holes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_monthly-notices-of-the-royal-astronomical-society_1998-07-01_297_3/page/739 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=1998 |volume=297 |issue=3 |pages=739–746 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01530.x |arxiv=astro-ph/9802129 |bibcode=1998MNRAS.297..739B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee jyskyn cruinnee brooightey ayns ayrnyn elley jeh’n [[spectrum lectro-vagnaidagh]], croghey er [[anvea]] as [[magnaidaghey]] yn jysk as glout as momentum uillinagh y towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;pt74&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Bisnovatyi-Kogan |first1=Gennady |title=Accretion into Black Hole, and Formation of Magnetically Arrested Accretion Disks |journal=Universe |date=2019 |volume=5 |issue=6 |page=146 |doi=10.3390/universe5060146 |arxiv=1905.13731 |bibcode=2019Univ....5..146B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zakharov |first1=A. F. |last2=Repin |first2=S. V. |title=Model radiation spectrum for an accretion disk near a rotating black hole |journal=Astronomy Reports |date=2002 |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=360–365 |doi=10.1134/1.1479423 |bibcode=2002ARep...46..360Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Foddee jyskyn cruinnee ve meenit myr jyskyn thanney ny roauyr dy towse-oaylleeagh. Er y chooid smoo, ta jyskyn thanney caglit da plaaney meanchiarkylagh y towl doo as ta oirr vie-veenit oc ec y [[cruinlagh kiarkylagh shickyr sthie|chruinlagh kiarkylagh shickyr sthie]] (ISCO), choud’s ta jyskyn roauyr freilt lesh broo sthie as çhiassid as foddee ad sheeyney stiagh ‘syn ISCO. Ta jyskyn marish cormidyn ard jeh [[scaalheaney lectraneyn|scaalheaney]] as soo lectraneyn ta gial as dullyr er baght enmyssit “roauyr dy shilleydagh.” Ta jyskyn “thanney dy shilleydagh” ny smoo [[trooid-hoilshagh]] as t’ad gientyn jallooyn ny smoo baiht er baght foddey voue.&lt;ref name=&quot;wang25&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Zi-Liang |title=Exploring the role of accretion disk geometry in shaping black hole shadows |journal=Physical Review D |date=2025 |volume=112 |issue=6 |article-number=064052 |doi=10.1103/fhqj-wgcm |arxiv=2506.21148 |bibcode=2025PhRvD.112f4052W }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta jyskyn cruinnee jeh tuill ghoo ta cruinnaghey ny smoo na [[cagliagh Eddington]] enmyssit “teastagyn Polynnagh” kyndagh rish y chummey roauyr toryssagh ta gollrish [[teastag]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Gimeno-Soler |first1=Sergio |last2=Font |first2=José A. |title=Magnetised Polish doughnuts revisited |journal=Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics |date=2017 |volume=607 |pages=A68 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201730935 |arxiv=1707.03867 |bibcode=2017A&amp;A...607A..68G }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Qian |first1=Lei |last2=Abramowicz |first2=M. A. |last3=Fragile |first3=P. C. |last4=Horák |first4=J. |last5=Machida |first5=M. |last6=Straub |first6=O. |title=The Polish doughnuts revisited |journal=Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics |date=2009 |volume=498 |issue=2 |pages=471–477 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811518}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Abramowicz |first1=M.A. |title=Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context |chapter=Super-Eddington Black Hole Accretion |series=ESO Astrophysics Symposia |date=2005 |pages=257–273 &lt;!--|doi=10.1007/11403913_49--&gt; |isbn=978-3-540-25275-7 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

T’eh jerkit dy vees jyskyn cruinnee quasaryn gorrym er daah er y chooid smoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kishimoto |first1=Makoto |last2=Antonucci |first2=Robert |last3=Blaes |first3=Omer |last4=Lawrence |first4=Andy |last5=Boisson |first5=Catherine |last6=Albrecht |first6=Marcus |last7=Leipski |first7=Christian |title=The characteristic blue spectra of accretion disks in quasars as uncovered in the infrared |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2008-07-24_454_7203/page/492 |journal=Nature |date=2008 |volume=454 |issue=7203 |pages=492–494 |doi=10.1038/nature07114 |pmid=18650919 |arxiv=0807.3703 |bibcode=2008Natur.454..492K }}&lt;/ref&gt; Y jysk da towl doo rollageagh, er y laue elley, veagh eh oranje-vuigh, buigh, ny jiarg er daah as ny h-ardjyn sthie jeh ny h-ayrnyn s’gilley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Fukue |first1=Jun |last2=Yokoyama |first2=Takushi |title=Color Photographs of an Accretion Disk around a Black Hole |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |date=1988 |volume=40 |pages=15–24 |doi=10.1093/pasj/40.1.15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta’n ronsaght heiltynagh moylley dy vel y jysk ny s’gorrymey my vel eh ny s’çhoe, ga nagh vel baghtyn er reddyn rollageydagh rieughagh cummal seose yn sheiltynys shen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Bonning |first1=E. W. |last2=Cheng |first2=L. |last3=Shields |first3=G. A. |last4=Salviander |first4=S. |last5=Gebhardt |first5=K. |title=Accretion Disk Temperatures and Continuum Colors in QSOs |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2007-04-10_659_1/page/211 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2007 |volume=659 |issue=1 |pages=211–217 |doi=10.1086/510712 |arxiv=astro-ph/0611263 |bibcode=2007ApJ...659..211B }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee daaghyn ny jyskyn cruinnee ve caghlaait lesh [[eiyrtys Doppler]], raad vees yn ayrn jeh’n jysk ta goll ayns troa yn chronneyder ny s’gorreymey as ny s’gilley as yn ayrn elley ny s’jiargey as ny s’dullyr.&lt;ref name=&quot;scienceofinterstellar&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jtft15&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=James |first1=Oliver |last2=Tunzelmann |first2=Eugénie von |last3=Franklin |first3=Paul |last4=Thorne |first4=Kip S. |title=Gravitational lensing by spinning black holes in astrophysics, and in the movie ''Interstellar'' |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |date=2015 |volume=32 |issue=6 |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/32/6/065001 |arxiv=1502.03808 |bibcode=2015CQGra..32f5001J }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Guo |first1=Sen |last2=Huang |first2=Yu-Xiang |last3=Cui |first3=Yu-Hao |last4=Han |first4=Yan |last5=Jiang |first5=Qing-Quan |last6=Liang |first6=En-Wei |last7=Lin |first7=Kai |title=Unveiling the unconventional optical signatures of regular black holes within accretion disk |journal=The European Physical Journal C |date=2023 |volume=83 |issue=11 |article-number=1059 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12208-0 |arxiv=2310.20523 |bibcode=2023EPJC...83.1059G }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Skiootyn conastaghtoil ====
{{See also|Skioot fishigagh rollageagh}}
[[Coadan:Black Hole Outflows From Centaurus A.jpg |thumb |Ta skiootyn conastaghtoil veih’n towl doo yl-ghloutagh ayns [[Centaurus A]] sheeyney dy kern-jeeragh veih’n cho-rollageys.]]
Ta skiootyn conastaghtoil ec tuill ghoo eigsoylagh. Ny skiootyn shen, she strooanyn dy [[plasmey (fishig)|phlasmey]] t’ad ta roie magh ass y towl doo er ny smoo na yn jeihoo jeh’n vieauid hollys.&lt;ref name=&quot;mr99&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Mirabel |first1=I. F. |last2=Rodríguez |first2=L. F. |title=Sources of Relativistic Jets in the Galaxy |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=1999 |volume=37 |pages=409–443 |doi=10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.409 |arxiv=astro-ph/9902062 |bibcode=1999ARA&amp;A..37..409M }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Cha nel skiootyn conastaghtoil çheet ass stoo ta soit çhuesthie jeh’n towl doo, agh ass stoo ta soit faggys dan towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Relativistic Jets |url=https://nustar.caltech.edu/page/relativistic-jets |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=NuSTAR}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} Foddee ny skiootyn shen sheeyney cha foddey as millioonyn dy [[parsec|pharsecyn]] veih’n towl doo hene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last9=Jacob |first9=Joe |last1=Bagchi |first1=Joydeep |last2=Vivek |first2=M. |last3=Vikram |first3=Vinu |last4=Hota |first4=Ananda |last5=Biju |first5=K. G. |last6=Sirothia |first6=S. K. |last7=Srianand |first7=Raghunathan |last8=Gopal-Krishna |title=Megaparsec Relativistic Jets Launched from an Accreting Supermassive Black Hole in an Extreme Spiral Galaxy |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2014 |volume=788 |issue=2 |page=174 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/174 |arxiv=1404.6889 |bibcode=2014ApJ...788..174B }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Foddee skiootyn ve ec tuill ghoo ennagh gyn scansh da’n ghlout oc.&lt;ref name=&quot;nemmen12&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1= Nemmen|first1= R. S.|last2= Georganopoulos|first2= M.|last3= Guiriec|first3= S.|last4= Meyer|first4= E. T.|last5= Gehrels|first5= N.|last6= Sambruna|first6= R. M.|title= A Universal Scaling for the Energetics of Relativistic Jets from Black Hole Systems|url= https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2012-12-14_338_6113/page/1445|journal= Science|date= 2012|volume= 338|issue= 6113|pages= 1445–1448|doi= 10.1126/science.1227416|pmid= 23239730|arxiv= 1212.3343|bibcode= 2012Sci...338.1445N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, er y chooid smoo t’ad ry-akin ec tuill ghoo hyndaaee as jyskyn cruninee feer vagnaidit oc.&lt;ref name=&quot;bmr18&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chen 陈 |first1=Yongyun 永云 |last2=Gu 顾 |first2=Qiusheng 秋生 |last3=Fan 樊 |first3=Junhui 军辉 |last4=Zhou 周 |first4=Hongyan 宏岩 |last5=Yuan 袁 |first5=Yefei 业飞 |last6=Gu 顾 |first6=Weimin 为民 |last7=Wu 吴 |first7=Qinwen 庆文 |last8=Xiong 熊 |first8=Dingrong 定荣 |last9=Guo 郭 |first9=Xiaotong 晓通 |last10=Ding 丁 |first10=Nan 楠. |last11=Yu 俞 |first11=Xiaoling 效龄 |title=The Powers of Relativistic Jets Depend on the Spin of Accreting Supermassive Black Holes |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2021 |volume=913 |issue=2 |page=93 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/abf4ff |arxiv=2104.04242 |bibcode=2021ApJ...913...93C |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; S’menkey va skiootyn conastaghtoil ‘sy [[Chron-oaylleeaght y tuinney#Troggal y strughtoor tuinnagh lesh ym-hayrn|tuinney leah]], tra va co-rollageyssyn as nyn duill ghoo yl-ghloutagh cosney glout dy tappee.&lt;ref name=&quot;bmr18&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Blandford |first1=Roger |last2=Meier |first2=David |last3=Readhead |first3=Anthony |title=Relativistic Jets from Active Galactic Nuclei |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=2019 |volume=57 |pages=467–509 |doi=10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051948 |arxiv=1812.06025 |bibcode=2019ARA&amp;A..57..467B }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ghisellini |first1=G. |last2=Haardt |first2=F. |last3=Ceca |first3=R. Della |last4=Volonteri |first4=M. |last5=Sbarrato |first5=T. |title=The role of relativistic jets in the heaviest and most active supermassive black holes at high redshift |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=2013 |volume=432 |issue=4 |pages=2818–2823 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stt637 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta jyskyn cruinnee ec dagh towl doo as skiootyn oc, agh ta ny skiootyn ny s’gilley na’n jysk er y chooid smoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;mr99&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ghisellini |first1=G. |last2=Tavecchio |first2=F. |last3=Maraschi |first3=L. |last4=Celotti |first4=A. |last5=Sbarrato |first5=T. |title=The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion disks |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_nature_2014-11-20_515_7527/page/376 |journal=Nature |date=2014 |volume=515 |issue=7527 |pages=376–378 |doi=10.1038/nature13856 |pmid=25409827 |arxiv=1411.5368 |bibcode=2014Natur.515..376G }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dy mennick, ta tuill ghoo yl-ghloutagh enmyssit “[[quasar]]yn,” as ny co-oltyn rollageagh maroo, t’ad enmyssit “[[meegra-quasar]]yn.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Meier |first1=David L. |title=The theory and simulation of relativistic jet formation: Towards a unified model for micro- and macroquasars |journal=New Astronomy Reviews |date=2003 |volume=47 |issue=6–7 |pages=667–672 |doi=10.1016/S1387-6473(03)00120-9 |arxiv=astro-ph/0312048 |bibcode=2003NewAR..47..667M }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cha nel fys ain foast bentyn rish obbrinaght chrooaght ny skiootyn,&lt;ref name=&quot;nemmen12&quot; /&gt; agh ta reihyssyn ennagh er ny ve treealit. Ta [[loaghtey Blandford–Znajek]], nane jeh ny reihyssyn t’er ny ve treealit, moylley tayrn ny [[linney ream magnaidagh|linnaghyn ream magnaidagh]] lesh çhyndaa yn towl doo as foddee eh launshey skiootyn stoo stiagh ‘sy spoar.&lt;ref name=&quot;lwb00&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Blandford |first1=R. D. |last2=Znajek |first2=R. L. |year=1977 |title=Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=179 |issue=3 |pages=433 |bibcode=1977MNRAS.179..433B |doi=10.1093/mnras/179.3.433 |doi-access=free |arxiv=astro-ph/0506302}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta [[loaghtey Penrose]] er ny ve treealit chammah, as eh çheet er tayrn magh [[bree çhyndaaee]] yn towl doo myr obbrinaght yantagh yn imman skiootagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Penrose |first1=R. |year=1969
 |title=Gravitational Collapse: The Role of General Relativity |journal=[[Rivista del Nuovo Cimento]] |volume=1 |pages=252–276 |bibcode=1969NCimR...1..252P}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Narayan |first1=Ramesh |last2=McClintock |first2=Jeffrey E. |last3=Tchekhovskoy |first3=Alexander |title=General Relativity, Cosmology and Astrophysics |chapter=Energy Extraction from Spinning Black Holes Via Relativistic Jets |date=2014 |pages=523–535 &lt;!--|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-06349-2_25--&gt; |arxiv=1303.3004 |isbn=978-3-319-06348-5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Cruinlagh kiarkylagh shickyr sthie (ISCO) ====
{{main|Cruinlagh kiarkylagh shickyr sthie}}
[[Coadan:How to Measure the Spin of a Black Hole.jpg|thumb|Er-yn-oyr dy vel floagyn ayns jysk cruinnee yn towl doo cruinlaghey ec ny çheumooie yn ISCO, foddee rollageyder scrutaghey troyn ny jyskyn cruinnee dy chronnaghey çhyndaayssyn y towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=McClintock |first1=Jeffrey E. |last2=Narayan |first2=Ramesh |last3=Davis |first3=Shane W. |last4=Gou |first4=Lijun |last5=Kulkarni |first5=Akshay |last6=Orosz |first6=Jerome A. |last7=Penna |first7=Robert F. |last8=Remillard |first8=Ronald A. |last9=Steiner |first9=James F. |title=Measuring the spins of accreting black holes |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |date=2011 |volume=28 |issue=11 |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/28/11/114009 |arxiv=1101.0811 |bibcode=2011CQGra..28k4009M }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Rere [[Leigh Newton yn ym-hayrn tuinnagh|ym-hayrn Newton]], foddee [[floag phrowallagh|floagyn prowallagh]] cruinlaghey dy shickyr ec foddeeaghtyn skelimagh veih red meanagh. ‘Sy chonastaght chadjin, ansherbee, ta craue raadeeoil sloo jantagh ayn da floag vooar son dy chruinlaghey dy shickyr. Yinnagh [[boirrey (rollageydys)|boirrey]] ree-veg stiagh erbee da’n chruinlagh cooish da tuittym y loag jannoo [[fioghys cruinlagh|caslagh stiagh]] ayns towl doo, as yinnagh boirrey magh erbee, croghey er y vree, cur broo er y loag dy chaslagh stiagh, dy gholl dys cruinlagh ny smoo shickyr as ny s’odjey veih’n towl doo, ny scapail dys y neuyerrinaght. Y cruinlagh shoh, t’eh enmyssit y '''cruinlagh kiarkylagh shickyr sthie''', ny yn ISCO.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973|loc=Box 25.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jtb15&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jefremov |first1=Paul I. |last2=Tsupko |first2=Oleg Yu. |last3=Bisnovatyi-Kogan |first3=Gennady S. |title=Innermost stable circular orbits of spinning test particles in Schwarzschild and Kerr space-times |journal=Physical Review D |date=2015 |volume=91 |issue=12 |article-number=124030 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.91.124030 |arxiv=1503.07060 |bibcode=2015PhRvD..91l4030J }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta soiaghey yn ISCO croghit er çhyndaa yn towl doo as [[cassey (fishig)|cassey]] yn loag hene. Ayns cooish towl doo Schwarzschild (cassey neunhee) as floag gyn cassey, ta soiaghey yn ISCO soilshit myr:
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;r_{\rm ISCO}=3 \, r_\text{s}=\frac{6 \, GM}{c^2}.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardeen1972&quot;/&gt;
Ta craue raadeeoil y chruinlagh shoh ceaghley beggan er veggan rere cassey yn loag.&lt;ref name=&quot;zwgsl18&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=Yu-Peng |last2=Wei |first2=Shao-Wen |last3=Guo |first3=Wen-Di |last4=Sui |first4=Tao-Tao |last5=Liu |first5=Yu-Xiao |title=Innermost stable circular orbit of spinning particle in charged spinning black hole background |journal=Physical Review D |date=2018 |volume=97 |issue=8 |article-number=084056 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.97.084056 |arxiv=1711.09361 |bibcode=2018PhRvD..97h4056Z }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Tsupko |first1=O. Yu. |last2=Bisnovatyi-Kogan |first2=G. S. |last3=Jefremov |first3=P. I. |title=Parameters of innermost stable circular orbits of spinning test particles: Numerical and analytical calculations |journal=Gravitation and Cosmology |date=2016 |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=138–147 |doi=10.1134/S0202289316020158 |arxiv=1605.04189 |bibcode=2016GrCo...22..138T }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta’n ISCO scughey stiagh da tuill ghoo lughtit.&lt;ref name=&quot;zwgsl18&quot; /&gt; Ta tuill ghoo hyndaaee, ta’n ISCO goll er scughey stiagh da floagyn ta cruinlaghey ayns troa cheddin cassey yn towl doo ([[gleashaght chooyl-ghraadagh as far-ghraadagh|gleashaght far-ghraadagh]]) as magh da floagyn ta cruinlaghey ‘sy troa contraartagh (gleashaght chooyl-ghraadagh).&lt;ref name=&quot;jtb15&quot; /&gt; Myr sampleyr, foddee yn ISCO da floag ta cruinlaghey dy cooyl-ghraadagh ve cha foddey magh as &lt;math&gt;9r_\text{s}&lt;/math&gt;, choud’s foddee yn ISCO da floag ta cruinlaghey dy far-ghraadagh ve cha giare as y scell-linney haghyrt hene.&lt;ref name=&quot;jtb15&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Jefremov |first1=Paul I. |last2=Tsupko |first2=Oleg Yu. |last3=Bisnovatyi-Kogan |first3=Gennady S. |title=The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting |chapter=Spin-induced changes in the parameters of ISCO in Kerr spacetime |date=2017 |pages=3715–3721 &lt;!--|doi=10.1142/9789813226609_0486--&gt; |isbn=978-981-322-659-3 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ard thummee ====
{{main|Ard thummee}}
Yn ard fakinagh jerree jeh’n spoar-hraa mygeayrt y towl doo, t’eh enmyssit yn ard thummee. ‘Syn ard shoh, cha nel stoo jantagh  dy eiyrt er cruinleeyn kiarkylagh as cha nel ad jantagh dy chur bac er y tarlheim jerree stiagh ‘sy towl doo. Ayns ynnyd y chruinlagh, nee eh thummey dy tappee ayns troa yn towl doo begnagh ec bieauid hollys as eh geddyn ny s’çhoe as gientyn [[goulraght hermagh|brooightey çhermagh]] cowreydagh yn-chronnalagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=First proof of black hole 'plunging regions' |url=https://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/news/first-proof-black-hole-plunging-regions |department=Department of Physics |publisher=[[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]] |date=16 Boaldyn 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Mummery |first1=Andrew |last2=Ingram |first2=Adam |last3=Davis |first3=Shane |last4=Fabian |first4=Andrew |title=Continuum emission from within the plunging region of black hole discs |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=531 |issue=1 |pages=366–386 |date=Mean Souree 2024 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stae1160|doi-access=free |arxiv=2405.09175 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Machida |first1=Mami |last2=Matsumoto |first2=Ryoji |title=Global Three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Black Hole Accretion Disks: X-Ray Flares in the Plunging Region |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2003-03-01_585_1/page/429 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2003 |volume=585 |issue=1 |pages=429–442 |doi=10.1086/346070 |arxiv=astro-ph/0211240 |bibcode=2003ApJ...585..429M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, foddee soilshey as goulraght hermagh t’er ny vrooightey magh ‘syn ard shoh scapail tayrn ym-hayrnagh y towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;prisco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Study proves black holes have a 'plunging region,' just as Einstein predicted |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/17/world/black-holes-einstein-plunging-region-scn |last=Prisco |first=Jacopo |website=[[CNN]] |date=17 Boaldyn 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sfeyr photon ====
{{main|Sfeyr photon}}
[[Coadan:Photon capture by a Schwarzschild black hole - video.ogg|thumb|thumbtime=6|Feeshan jeh photon as eh er ny ve goit lesh towl doo Schwarzschild]]

Ta [[sfeyr photon]] çheet er cagliagh cruinn raad veagh photonyn ta gleashaghey er tanjentyn rish y sfeyr shen gowit ayns cruinlagh kiarkylagh neuhickyr mygeayrt y towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cramer 1997&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Cramer |first=Claes R. |date=1997 |title=Using the Uncharged Kerr Black Hole as a Gravitational Mirror |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_general-relativity-and-gravitation_1997-04_29_4/page/445 |journal=General Relativity and Gravitation |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=445–454 |doi=10.1023/A:1018878515046 |arxiv=gr-qc/9510053 |bibcode=1997GReGr..29..445C |s2cid=9517046}}&lt;/ref&gt;Da tuill ghoo Schwarzschild, ta craue raadeeoil 1.5 cheayrt ny smoo na craue raadeeoil Schwarzchild ec y sfer photon.&lt;ref name=&quot;ll19&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lü |first1=H. |last2=Lyu |first2=Hong-Da |title=Schwarzschild black holes have the largest size |journal=Physical Review D |date=2020 |volume=101 |issue=4 |article-number=044059 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.101.044059 |arxiv=1911.02019 |bibcode=2020PhRvD.101d4059L }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;qiao22&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Qiao |first1=Chen-Kai |title=Curvatures, photon spheres, and black hole shadows |journal=Physical Review D |date=2022 |volume=106 |issue=8 |article-number=084060 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.106.084060 |arxiv=2208.01771 |bibcode=2022PhRvD.106h4060Q }}&lt;/ref&gt; Da tuill ghoo elley, ta’n sfeyr photon 1.5 cheayrt ny smoo er craue raadeeoil na’n scell-linney haghyrt, agh cha nel craue raadeeoil y sfeyr photon ny smoo na scaa  yn towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ll19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Liang |last2=Lü |first2=H. |title=Bounds on photon spheres and shadows of charged black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell gravity |journal=Physics Letters B |date=2020 |volume=807 |article-number=135535 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135535 |arxiv=1912.05569 |bibcode=2020PhLB..80735535M }}&lt;/ref&gt; Veagh nyn gruinleeyn anhickyr as, lesh shen, yinnagh boirrey beg ennagh, lheid as floag ta tuittym stiagh, anhickyrys daasagh lurg tammylt. Yinnagh eh ceau yn photon er cassan magh, cur rish e scapail veih cruinlagh y towl doo, ny ceau eh er caslagh stiagh raad, fy yerrey, yinnagh eh goll tessen y scell-linney haghyrt.&lt;ref name=&quot;ll19&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;qiao22&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=prd84_6&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Daisuke |last2=Chiba |first2=Takeshi |last3=Sugiyama |first3=Naoshi |title=Shadows of colliding black holes |journal=Physical Review D |volume=84 |issue=6 |article-number=063008 |date=Mean Fouyir 2011 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.84.063008 |bibcode=2011PhRvD..84f3008N |arxiv=1106.2425 |s2cid=119264596}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Son towl doo çhyndaaee neulughtit, ta craue raadeeoil y sfeyr photon croghey er y pharameadar caslagh as er cruinlagh cooyl-ghraadagh ny far-ghraadagh y photon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bardeen1972&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Bardeen|first1=James M.|last2=Press|first2=William H.|last3=Teukolsky|first3=Saul A.|date=1 Mee ny Nollick 1972|title=Rotating Black Holes: Locally Nonrotating Frames, Energy Extraction, and Scalar Synchrotron Radiation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1972-12-01_178_2/page/347|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=178|pages=347–370|doi=10.1086/151796|bibcode=1972ApJ...178..347B}}&lt;/ref&gt; Son photon ta cruinlaghey dy far-ghraadagh, bee yn sfeyr photon 1&amp;ndash;3 craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild veih mean y towl doo, choud’s bee yn sfeyr photon 3&amp;ndash;5 craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild veih mean y towl doo da photon ta cruinlaghey dy cooyl-chraadagh. Ta soiaghey cruinn y sfeyr photon croghey er [[mooadys (maddaght)#Earrooyn|mooadys]] çhyndaa yn towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Teo |first1=Edward |title=Spherical Photon Orbits Around a Kerr Black Hole |journal=General Relativity and Gravitation |date=2003 |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=1909–1926 |doi=10.1023/A:1026286607562 |bibcode=2003GReGr..35.1909T |url=http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/97985 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Son towl doo neuhyndaaee lughtit, cha bee agh un sfeyr photon, as nee craue raadeoil y sfeyr photon leodaghey choud’s ta lughtey yn towl doo mooadaghey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Heydarzade |first1=Yaghoub |last2=Vertogradov |first2=Vitalii |title=Dynamical photon spheres in charged black holes and naked singularities |journal=The European Physical Journal C |date=2024 |volume=84 |issue=6 |article-number=582 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12945-w |arxiv=2311.08930 |bibcode=2024EPJC...84..582H }}&lt;/ref&gt; Son tuill ghoo hyndaaee lughtit [[towl doo feeganagh|neu-eeganagh]], bee daa sfeyr photon ayn dy kinjagh, as bee ny cruaeyn raadeeoil croghey er parameadaryn y towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Ying-Xuan |last2=Huang |first2=Jia-Hui |last3=Jiang |first3=Haoxiang |title=Radii of spherical photon orbits around Kerr-Newman black holes |journal=Physical Review D |date=2023 |volume=107 |issue=4 |article-number=044066 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.107.044066 |arxiv=2210.08509 |bibcode=2023PhRvD.107d4066C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Choud’s ta’n soilshey jargal dy scapail veih’n sfeyr photon, veagh un hoilshey ta goll tessen y sfeyr photon goit lesh y towl doo. Myr shen, lhisagh soilshey erbee ta roshtyn fakider mooie veih’n sfeyr photon ve ceaut magh lesh reddyn eddyr y sfeyr photon as y scell-linney haghyrt.&lt;ref name=prd84_6 /&gt;

=== Scell-linney haghyrt ===
{{main|Scell-linney haghyrt}}
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 300
| image1            = BH-no-escape-1.svg
| caption1          = Foddey veih’n towl doo, foddee floag gleashaghey ayns troa erbee, myr ta ny sideyn soilshaghey. She beauid hollys yn ynrican lhiettrimys t’echey.
| image2            = BH-no-escape-2.svg
| caption2          = Ny s’niessey da’n towl too, ta’n spoar-hraa mee-chummey. Ta ny smoo cassanyn goll ayns troa yn towl doo na adsyn ta goll ersooyl voish.{{efn|Ta sett ny cassanyn jantagh, ny [[cughlin sollysh]] y traa ry-heet ta cummal dagh [[linney seihill]] jantagh (‘sy leayraid shoh ta’n cughlin sollysh soyllit lesh yn ard ayns cummey V as ta caglit lesh sideyn ta soilshaghey linnaghyn seihill da scellyn sollysh), cleaynit ‘syn aght shoh ayns [[co-ordnaidyn Eddington–Finkelstein]] (she lhieggan “cartoon” eh yn leayraid shoh jeh leayraid co-ordnaidyn Eddington–Finkelstein), agh ayns co-ordnaidyn elley cha nel ny cughlinyn sollysh cleaynit ‘syn aght shoh; myr sampleyr, ayns [[co-ordnaidyn Schwarzschild]] t’ad er ny cheyllaghey gyn cleayn tra ta shiu roshtyn y scell-linney haghyrt, as ayns [[co-ordnaidyn Kruskal–Szekeres]] cha nel ny cughlinyn sollysh ceaghley yn cummey ny yn cleayn oc.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Misner|Thorne|Wheeler|1973|p=848}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| image3            = BH-no-escape-3.svg
| caption3          = Çheusthie jeh’n scell-linney haghyrt, ta dagh cassan tayrn y floag ny s’niessey da mean y towl doo. Cha nel y floag jargal dy scapail nish.
}}
She beays scell-linney haghyrt, cagliagh ‘sy [[spoar-hraa]] nagh vel stoo ny soilshey jargal dy scapail as dy vel ad tuittym dys çheshvean y towl doo gyn çheet er-ash, y tro cowreydagh jeh towl doo..&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The New Physics |edition=illustrated |first1=Paul |last1=Davies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-521-43831-5 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akb2FpZSGnMC |access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2020 |archive-date=17 Luanistyn 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817161727/https://books.google.com/books?id=akb2FpZSGnMC |url-status=live }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=akb2FpZSGnMC&amp;pg=PA26 Meer jeh duillag 26] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815222341/https://books.google.com/books?id=akb2FpZSGnMC&amp;pg=PA26 |date=15 August 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=A Student's Guide to the Mathematics of Astronomy |edition=illustrated |first1=Daniel |last1=Fleisch |first2=Julia |last2=Kregenow |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-107-03494-5 |page=168 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4gaBQAAQBAJ |access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2020 |archive-date=17 Luanistyn 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817045139/https://books.google.com/books?id=x4gaBQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=x4gaBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA168 Meer jeh duillag 168] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817113029/https://books.google.be/books?id=x4gaBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA168 |date=17 Luanistyn 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; My vel taghyrt taghyrtyn çheusthie jeh’n chagliagh shoh, cha nel fysseree bentyn rish y taghyrt shen roshtyn ny cur stiagh er fakider çheumooie as, myr shen, cha nel eh jargal dy chronnaghey taghyrtyn yn taghyrt shen. Myr shen, ta shin cur “scell-linney haghyrt” er y chagliagh shoh.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Wheeler|2007|p=179}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Myr ta faaishnit lesh y chonastaght chadjin, ta faare glout mee-chummey yn spoar-hraa ayns lheid aght as dy vel cassanyn floagyn lhoobey dys y ghlout.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|loc=Ch. 5.4 and 7.3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ec y scell-linney taghyrt, ta’n mee-chummey shoh çheet dy ve cha niartal as nagh vel cassan erbee goll ersooyl veih’n towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Singularities and Black Holes &gt; Lightcones and Causal Structure |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-singularities/lightcone.html |website=plato.stanford.edu |publisher=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |access-date=11 Mayrnt 2018 |archive-date=17 Boaldyn 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517122738/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-singularities/lightcone.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Da fakider foddey voish, veagh clag faggys da’n towl doo griggeraght ny s’melley na clag elley ny s’odjey jeh’n towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|p=217}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yn eiyrtys shoh, ta enmyssit [[lheanaghey traa ym-hayrnagh]], veagh soylley neuhiyraghey ec red ta tuittym stiagh ayns towl doo as eh geddyn ny s’niessey da’n scell-linney, gyn roshtynys erbee da ayns perspeghtaght yn akider mooieVeagh soylley neuhiyraghey ec dagh loaghtey da’n red shoh, as veagh un hollysh va ceaut magh voish ny s’jiargey as ny s’baiht, eiyrtys ta enmyssit [[jiarg-arraghey ym-hayrnagh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://nrumiano.free.fr/Estars/int_bh.html |title=Inside a black hole |website=Knowing the universe and its secrets |access-date=26 Mayrnt 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423053437/http://nrumiano.free.fr/Estars/int_bh.html |archive-date=23 Averil 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fy yerrey, veagh yn red tuittym er ny lheie ersooyl derrey nagh beagh eh ry-akin. Dy cadjin, veagh yn loaghtey shoh feer happee; veagh yn red er ny gholl naardey çheusthie jeh un thootçhey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=What happens to you if you fall into a black hole |url=http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/fall_in.html |website=math.ucr.edu |publisher=[[John Baez]] |access-date=11 Mayrnt 2018 |archive-date=13 Toshiaght Arree 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213124648/http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/fall_in.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Er y laue elley, cha beagh fakider ta tuittym stiagh ‘sy towl doo cur geill da fer erbee jeh ny h-eiyrtyssyn shen as ad goll tessen y scell-linney haghyrt. Veagh e chlag hene griggeraght myr s’cadjin, as yinnagh eh goll tessen y scell-linney haghyrt lurg tammylt caglit gyn baght er un aghtys er lheh. ‘Sy [[conastaght chadjin|chonastaght chadjin]], cha nel eh jargal dy chronnaghey soiaghey yn scell-linney haghyrt veih baghtyn ynnydagh, kyndagh rish y [[prinsabyl co-hrimmid|phrinsabyl co-hrimmid]] lesh Einstein .&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|p=222}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Watch: Three Ways an Astronaut Could Fall Into a Black Hole |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140130-black-holes-stephen-hawking-work-space-astronomy/ |access-date=13 Mayrnt 2018 |date=1 Toshiaght Arree 2014 |archive-date=15 Averil 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415101947/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/01/140130-black-holes-stephen-hawking-work-space-astronomy/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Krasnikov |first1=S. |title=Falling into the Schwarzschild black hole. Important details |journal=Gravitation and Cosmology |date=2008 |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=362–367 |doi=10.1134/S0202289308040129 |arxiv=0804.3619 |bibcode=2008GrCo...14..362K }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga dy beagh y tuinney mooie ny s’gilley as ny [[gorrym-arraghey|s’gorrymey]] ayns cummey as dy beagh eh ayns bieau-ghleashaght choud’s veagh y fakider tuittym stiagh, veagh yn eiyrtys shen caglit, as foddee eh ve er ny gholley magh dy beagh y fakider gleashaght ec bieauidyn tappee dy liooar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Krasnikov |first1=S. |title=Falling into the Schwarzschild black hole. Important details |journal=Gravitation and Cosmology |date=2008 |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=362–367 |doi=10.1134/S0202289308040129 |arxiv=0804.3619 |bibcode=2008GrCo...14..362K }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;scienceofinterstellar&quot;/&gt;

S’cruinn jeeragh eh towse-oaylleeaght y scell-linney haghyrt ayns tuill ghoo neu-hyndaaee, agh [[co-chruinnoid oblaitagh|s’oblaidagh]] ta’n scell-linney haghyrt ayns tuill ghoo hyndaaee.&lt;ref name= &quot;Smarr1973&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1= Smarr|first1= L.|title= Surface Geometry of Charged Rotating Black Holes |journal= Physical Review D|volume= 7|issue= 2|year= 1973|pages= 289–295|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevD.7.289|bibcode= 1973PhRvD...7..289S}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name= &quot;Wiltshire2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author= Visser, M.|editor1= Wiltshire, D.L.|editor2= Visser, M.|editor3= Scott, S.M.|title= Horizon geometry for Kerr black holes with synchronized hair|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wymJBq_80Q0C|chapter= The Kerr spacetime: A brief introduction|journal= Physical Review D|date= 22 Jerrey Geuree 2009|volume= 97|issue= 12|article-number= 124012|publisher= Cambridge University Press&lt;!--|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.124012--&gt;|isbn= 978-0-521-88512-6|arxiv= 0706.0622|bibcode= 2018PhRvD..97l4012D|access-date= 12 Jerrey Geuree 2020|archive-date= 20 Boaldyn 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200520134643/https://books.google.com/books?id=wymJBq_80Q0C|url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name= &quot;Delgado2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1= Delgado|first1= J.F. M.|last2= Herdeiro|first2= C.A. R.|last3= Radu|first3= E.|title= Horizon geometry for Kerr black holes with synchronized hair|journal= Physical Review D|volume= 97|issue= 12|article-number= 124012|year= 2018|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.124012|bibcode= 2018PhRvD..97l4012D|hdl= 10773/24121|arxiv= 1804.04910|s2cid= 55732213}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Towse-oaylleeaght sthie ===
==== Scell-linney Cauchy ====
{{Main article|Scell-linney Cauchy}}
Ta scell-linney sthie, ta enmyssit scell-linney Cauchy dy mennick, ayns tuill ghoo ta çhyndaa as/ny ta lughtit.&lt;ref name=&quot;hp98&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hod |first1=Shahar |last2=Piran |first2=Tsvi |title=The Inner Structure of Black Holes |journal=General Relativity and Gravitation |date=1998 |volume=30 |issue=11 |pages=1555–1562 |doi=10.1023/A:1026654519980 |arxiv=gr-qc/9902008 |bibcode=1998GReGr..30.1555H }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pi90&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Poisson |first1=Eric |last2=Israel |first2=Werner |title=Internal structure of black holes |journal=Physical Review D |date=1990 |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1796–1809 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.41.1796 |pmid=10012548 |bibcode=1990PhRvD..41.1796P }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta’n scell-linney sthie rheynnit magh ayns daa veer: meer stiagh as meer magh.&lt;ref name=&quot;st14&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Scheel |first1=M. A. |last2=Thorne |first2=K. S. |title=Geometrodynamics: The nonlinear dynamics of curved spacetime |journal=Physics-Uspekhi |date=2014 |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=342–351 |doi=10.3367/UFNe.0184.201404b.0367 |arxiv=1706.09078 |bibcode=2014PhyU...57..342S }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ec y veer stiagh jeh scell-linney Cauchy, yinnagh goulraght as stoo t’er ny huittym stiagh ‘sy towl doo çhymsaghey ec y scell-linney, as ver eh er cruillaght y spoar-hraa dy gholl dys y neuyerrinaght. Ver eh er yn akider forsaghyn tidee dy ennaghtyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;hp98&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pi90&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;st14&quot; /&gt; Dy mennick, ta’n phenomenon shen enmyssit [[bolgey glout]], er-yn-oyr dy vel eh kianglt rish parameadar ta sarey [[aase ecksponentoil]] glout sthie yn towl doo,&lt;ref name=&quot;pi90&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mo12&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Marolf |first1=Donald |last2=Ori |first2=Amos |title=Outgoing gravitational shock wave at the inner horizon: The late-time limit of black hole interiors |journal=Physical Review D |date=2012 |volume=86 |issue=12 |article-number=124026 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.86.124026 |arxiv=1109.5139 |bibcode=2012PhRvD..86l4026M }}&lt;/ref&gt; as ta çhymsaghey ny forsaghyn tidee enmyssit y tingyltaght volgey glout&lt;ref name=&quot;ori91&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Ori |first1=Amos |title=Inner structure of a charged black hole: An exact mass-inflation solution |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=1991 |volume=67 |issue=7 |pages=789–792 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.789 |pmid=10044989 |bibcode=1991PhRvL..67..789O }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;st14&quot; /&gt; ny singyltaght scell-linney Cauchy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Burko |first1=Lior M. |title=Structure of the Black Hole's Cauchy-Horizon Singularity |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=1997 |volume=79 |issue=25 |pages=4958–4961 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.4958 |arxiv=gr-qc/9710112 |bibcode=1997PhRvL..79.4958B }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Burko |first1=Lior M. |last2=Khanna |first2=Gaurav |last3=Zenginoǧlu |first3=Anıl |title=Cauchy-horizon singularity inside perturbed Kerr black holes |journal=Physical Review D |date=2016 |volume=93 |issue=4 |article-number=041501 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.93.041501 |arxiv=1601.05120 |bibcode=2016PhRvD..93d1501B }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fishigee eigsoylagh resooney dy jinnagh cruinnaghey as goulraght Hawking cur lhiettrimys er bolgey glout ayns tuill ghoo rieughagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hamilton |first1=Andrew J. S. |title=Mass inflation followed by Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz collapse inside accreting, rotating black holes |journal=Physical Review D |date=2017 |volume=96 |issue=8 |article-number=084041 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.96.084041 |arxiv=1703.01921 |bibcode=2017PhRvD..96h4041H }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Barceló |first1=Carlos |last2=Boyanov |first2=Valentin |last3=Carballo-Rubio |first3=Raúl |last4=Garay |first4=Luis J. |title=Classical mass inflation versus semiclassical inner horizon inflation |journal=Physical Review D |date=2022 |volume=106 |issue=12 |article-number=124006 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.106.124006 |arxiv=2203.13539 |bibcode=2022PhRvD.106l4006B }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ec y veer magh jeh’n scell-linney sthie, veagh goulraght ta tuittym stiagh [[ash-skeaylley]] noi cruillaght spoar-hraa yn towl doo as veagh eh goll magh, çhymsaghey ec scell-linney magh Cauchy. Ver eh er fakider ta tuittym stiagh [[tonn buillee]] ym-hayrnagh as forsaghyn tidee dy ennaghtyn tra va cruillaght y spoar-hraa ec y scell-linney gaase dys y neuyerrinaght. Ta çhymsaghey ny forsaghyn tidee shen enmyssit y [[singyltaght vuillee|tingyltaght vuillee]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mo12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;st14&quot; /&gt;

[[Sheiltynyssyn singyltaght Penrose–Hawking#Singyltaghtyn|S’annoonagh]] ta’n daa hingyltaght shoh; t’eh meenaghey dy beagh red goll tesseyn ad veagh eh meechummit agh fy mooadys caglit lesh ny forsaghyn tidee, ga beagh y chruillaght spoar-hraa neuyerrinagh ec y tingyltaght. T’eh shen shassoo jeeragh noi [[PSheiltynyssyn singyltaght Penrose–Hawking #Singyltaghtyn|singyltaght lajer]], raad veagh red er ny heeyney as ny chraishtey er mooadys neuyerrinagh dy beagh eh roshtyn y tingyltaght.&lt;ref name=&quot;hp98&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ori91&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mo12&quot; /&gt; Chammah’s shen, ta [[Sheiltynyssyn singyltaght Penrose–Hawking#Singyltaghtyn|singyltaghtyn neunhee]] ayn, raad ta photon jargal gleashaghey [[coheeynt (towse-oaylleeaght)|co-heeynt]] roosyn gyn lhiettalys.&lt;ref name=&quot;st14&quot; /&gt;

==== Singyltaght ====
{{main|Singyltaght ym-hayrnagh}}
Ta kiaddaghyn maddaghtoil dy huill ghoo ta bunnit er conastaghtyn cadjin goaill stiagh [[singyltaght ym-hayrnagh|singyltaghtyn]] ec y çheshvean oc—poyntyn raad ta cruillaght y spoar-hraa çheet dy ve neuyerrinagh, as ta [[geodesee]] goaill jerrey çheusthie jeh [[traa chiart]]. Ansherbee, cha nel fys ain my vel lheid singyltaghtyn ayn ayns tuill ghoo rieughagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;cd22&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=The Foundations of Spacetime Physics |last1=Crowther |first1=Karen |date=2022-09-29 |isbn=9781003219019 |location=York Noa |url=https://philarchive.org/archive/CROFAT-5 |last2=De Haro |first2=Sebastian |editor-last=Vassallo |editor-first=Antonio |chapter=Four Attitudes Towards Singularities in the Search for a Theory of Quantum Gravity &lt;!--|doi=10.4324/9781003219019--&gt;|arxiv=2208.05946 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fishigee ennagh credjal nagh vel singyltaghtyn ayn er chor erbee, as dy vel y faare jeu er pabyr, yinnagh y spoar-hraa [[cooisheeaght (fishig)|neu-aaishynssagh]], cowraghey brishey sheese y chonastaght chadjin as feme da toiggaltys s’odjey jeh’n [[ym-hayrn quantum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Alesci |first1=Emanuele |last2=Bahrami |first2=Sina |last3=Pranzetti |first3=Daniele |title=Quantum gravity predictions for black hole interior geometry |journal=Physics Letters B |date=2019 |volume=797 |article-number=134908 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134908 |arxiv=1904.12412 |bibcode=2019PhLB..79734908A }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Koshelev |first1=Alexey S. |last2=Tokareva |first2=Anna |title=Nonperturbative quantum gravity denounces singular black holes |journal=Physical Review D |date=2025 |volume=111 |issue=8 |article-number=086026 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.111.086026 |bibcode=2025PhRvD.111h6026K |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Olmedo |first1=Javier |last2=Saini |first2=Sahil |last3=Singh |first3=Parampreet |title=From black holes to white holes: A quantum gravitational, symmetric bounce |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |date=2017 |volume=34 |issue=22 |doi=10.1088/1361-6382/aa8da8 |arxiv=1707.07333 |bibcode=2017CQGra..34v5011O }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta fir elley elley credjal dy vel lheid singyltaghtyn feayslit çheusthie jeh crauelagh roie yn ishig gyn feme er yn ym-hayrn quantum.&lt;ref name=&quot;cd22&quot; /&gt; Ta fishigee elley ayn, goaill stiagh Kip Thorne&lt;ref name=&quot;scienceofinterstellar&quot; /&gt; as [[Charles Misner]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Misner |first1=Charles W. |title=Absolute Zero of Time |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physical-review_1969-10-25_186_5/page/1328 |journal=Physical Review |date=1969 |volume=186 |issue=5 |pages=1328–1333 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.186.1328 |bibcode=1969PhRv..186.1328M }}&lt;/ref&gt; ta credjal nagh vel dagh singyltaght so-eayslagh, as dy vel fir ayn ‘sy tuinney rieughagh, s’liklee, dyn bwooise da eiyrtyssyn yn ym-hayrn quantum.&lt;ref name=&quot;cd22&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dlc07&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Doran |first1=Rosa |last2=Lobo |first2=Francisco S. N. |last3=Crawford |first3=Paulo |title=Interior of a Schwarzschild Black Hole Revisited |journal=Foundations of Physics |date=2008 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=160–187 |doi=10.1007/s10701-007-9197-6 |arxiv=gr-qc/0609042 |bibcode=2008FoPh...38..160D }}&lt;/ref&gt; Fy yerrey, ta fir ayn ta credjal nagh vel singyltaghtyn ayn er chor erbee as nagh vel scansh ayn bentyn rish yn aare oc kyndagh rish yn eie dy nee sheiltynys neuchreaghnit eh yn chonastaght chadjin.&lt;ref name=&quot;cd22&quot; /&gt;

Rere y chonastaght chadjin, ta singyltaght ny hoie çheusthie jeh dagh towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carroll 2004 205&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|p=205}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hp70&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hawking |first1=S. W. |last2=Penrose |first2=R. |title=The singularities of gravitational collapse and cosmology |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences |date=1970 |volume=314 |issue=1519 |pages=529–548 |doi=10.1098/rspa.1970.0021 |bibcode=1970RSPSA.314..529H }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayns tuill ghoo neu-hyndaaee, ta cummey un phoynt ec yn ard shoh; ayns tuill ghoo hyndaaee t’eh er ny smearey ayns cummey [[singyltaght fainey]] ta ny lhie ayns plaaney yn çhyndaays.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|pp=264–265}}&lt;/ref&gt; ‘Sy daa chooish, ta thummid neunhee ec yn ard singyltagh. Ta dagh ayrn jeh glout y towl doo goaill jerrey ‘sy tingyltaght.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|p=252}}&lt;/ref&gt; Er-yn-oyr dy vel glout neu-neunhee çheusthie jeh spoar beg neuyerrinagh, foddee sleih smoinaghtyn er myr red as [[glooaght glout|glooaght]] neuyerrinagh echey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sizes of Black Holes? How Big is a Black Hole? |url=https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/how-big-is-a-black-hole/ |access-date=9 Jerrey Fouyir 2018 |work=[[Sky &amp; Telescope]] |date=22 Jerrey Souree 2014 |archive-date=3 Averil 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403035741/https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/how-big-is-a-black-hole/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Coadan:BKLChaotic.gif|thumb|Leaystaghyn corvaalagh y spoar-hraa myr ta red gennaghtyn as eh roshtyn dys y tingyltaght ym-hayrnagh]]
[[Coadan:Sunbeam Mixmaster 03.jpg|thumb|Mesteyder lectragh Mixmaster]]

Cha nel fakideryn t’er ny huittym stiagh ayns towl doo Schwarzschild (.i. neu-hyndaaee as neu-lughtit) shaghney yn ymmyrkey stiagh ‘sy tingyltaght tra t’ad er ny gholl tessen y scell-linney haghyrt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=G. F. |last2=Kwan |first2=J. |title=No Way Back: Maximizing Survival Time Below the Schwarzschild Event Horizon |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/publications-of-the-astronomical-society-of-australia/article/no-way-back-maximizing-survival-time-below-the-schwarzschild-event-horizon/2A1CCF5CB13E7BEFA6441B3038C635A3 |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=46–52 |date=2007 |doi=10.1071/AS07012 |arxiv=0705.1029 |bibcode=2007PASA...24...46L |s2cid=17261076}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Toporensky |first1=Alexei |last2=Popov |first2=Sergei |title=How to Delay Death and Look Further into the Future if You Fall into a Black Hole |journal=Resonance |date=2023 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12045-023-1602-8 |volume=28 |issue=5 |pages=737–749 |doi=10.1007/s12045-023-1602-8|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; As ad tuittym ny s’odjey stiagh ‘sy towl doo, bee ad er ny raipey lesh ny [[forse tidee|forsaghyn tidee]] ayns loaghtey ta enmyssit [[spaghettaghey]] ny “eiyrtys noodyl.” Fy yerrey, nee ad roshtyn y tingyltaght as bee ad er ny yingey stiagh ayns poynt beg neuyerrinagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Wheeler|2007|p=182}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Roish ny 1970yn, ren y chooid smoo jeh fishigee credjal dy row yn çheusthie jeh towl doo Schwarzschild cruillit stiagh dys poynt geyre ec y tingyltaght. Ansherbee, ayns ny 1960yn jerrinagh, ren ny fishigee Hoveidjagh Vladimir Belinskii, Isaak Khalatnikov, as Evgeny Lifshitz feddyn magh dy row yn kiaddey shen feer agh ynrican choud’s nagh row yn spoar-hraa çheusthie jeh’n towl doo currit fyd y cheilley. Yinnagh boirrey erbee, lheid as adsyn lesh tuittym stiagh stoo ny goulraght, cur rish [[singyltaght BKL|leaystey corvaalagh]] y spoar faggys da’n tingyltaght. Yinnagh stoo erbee vees tuittym stiagh forsaghyn tidee çhiu dy ennaghtyn as ny forsaghyn shen ceaghley yn troa oc dy tappee, choud’s vees eh er ny chovroojey stiagh ayns thummid beg. Denmys fishigee ny leaystaghyn shen &quot;[[tuinney Mixmaster|gleashaghtys Mixmaster]]&quot;, lurg [[Sunbeam Products|mark dy vesteyderyn]] va feer chadjin ec y traa ren Belinskii, Khalatnikov, as Lifshitz y feddynys oc, er-yn-oyr dy vel yn eiyrtys cheddin er stoo faggys da singyltaght as ta er teayst ayns mesteyder lectragh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Belinskii |first1=V.A. |last2=Lifshitz |first2=E.M. |last3=Khalatnikov |first3=I.M. |last4=Agyei |first4=A.K. |title=Perspectives in Theoretical Physics |chapter=The oscillatory mode of approach to a singularity in homogeneous cosmological models with rotating axes |date=1992 |pages=677–689 &lt;!--|doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-036364-6.50048-X --&gt;|isbn=978-0-08-036364-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;scienceofinterstellar&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=The Science of Interstellar |last=Thorne |first=Kip |date=7 Mee Houney 2014 |publisher=W. W. Norton &amp; Company |isbn=978-0-393-35137-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Of singularities and breadmaking |url=https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/singularities_bkl/ |last=Garfinkle |first=David |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709022836/https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/singularities_bkl/ |archive-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |access-date=14 Jerrey Fouyir 2025 |website=Einstein Online |year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayns cooish towl doo lughtit (Reissner–Nordström) ny çhyndaaee (Kerr), foddee dy vel y tingyltaght shaghnagh. Ta sheeyney ny feayslaghyn cha foddey as ta jantagh anchoodaghey jargaght heiltynagh raad ta çheet magh ass towl doo stiagh ayns spoar-hraa elley jargal as y towl doo gobbraghey myr [[towl beishteig]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|pp=257–259 as 265–266}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, she red sheiltynagh eh jargaght y troailt dys tuinney elley er-yn-oyr dy jinnagh boirrey erbee scryssey yn jargaght shen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Black holes: the inside story |first1=S. |last1=Droz |first2=W. |last2=Israel |first3=S. M. |last3=Morsink |journal=Physics World |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=34–37 |date=1996|bibcode=1996PhyW....9...34D |doi=10.1088/2058-7058/9/1/26}}&lt;/ref&gt; S’cosoylagh chammah dy vel eh jargal dy eiyrt er [[cruill hraaoil ghoont|cruillyn traaoil doont]] (filley er-ash dy dty hraa hene t’er n’gholl shaghey) mygeayrtt singyltaght Kerr, as eh stiurey dys feyshtyn bentyn rish y [[cooisheeaght (fishig)|chooisheeaght]] gollrish [[sou-cheeall y çhennayr]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|p=266}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thorne93&quot;&gt;{{Cite conference |title=Closed Timelike Curves |conference=General relativity and gravitation |last=Thorne |first=Kip S. |url=https://www.its.caltech.edu/~kip/scripts/ClosedTimelikeCurves-II121.pdf |author-link=Kip Thorne |year=1993}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, foddee dy vel loaghtaghyn çheusthie jeh’n towl doo, lheid as eiyrtyssyn yn ym-hayrn quantum ny bolgey glout, cur lhiettrimys er aase cruillyn traaoil doont.&lt;ref name=&quot;thorne93&quot; /&gt;

Ta kiaddaghyn ennagh jeh’n ym-hayrn geearree feyshtyn çhaghnoil lesh y chonastaght chadjin dy eaysley gyn singyltaghtyn towl doo. Ny tuill ghoo heiltynagh shoh gyn singyltaghtyn, t’ad enmyssit tuill ghoo “reiltagh” ny “neuhingyltagh.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Lan |first1=Chen |last2=Yang |first2=Hao |last3=Guo |first3=Yang |last4=Miao |first4=Yan-Gang |title=Regular Black Holes: A Short Topic Review |journal=International Journal of Theoretical Physics |date=2023 |volume=62 |issue=9 |article-number=202 |doi=10.1007/s10773-023-05454-1 |arxiv=2303.11696 |bibcode=2023IJTP...62..202L }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Olmo |first1=Gonzalo |last2=Rubiera-Garcia |first2=Diego |title=Nonsingular Black Holes in ƒ (R) Theories |journal=Universe |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=173–185 |doi=10.3390/universe1020173 |arxiv=1509.02430 |bibcode=2015Univ....1..173O |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Myr sampleyr, ta kiaddey ny [[Bluckan clooie (sheiltynys streng)|bluckanyn clooie]], ta bunnit er sheiltynys streng, gra dy vel tuill ghoo jeant ass [[stayd quantum|meegra-staydyn]] as nagh vel feme oc er singyltaght ny scell-linney haghyrt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Mathur |first=Samir D. |title=The fuzzball proposal for black holes: an elementary review |journal=Fortschritte der Physik |volume=53 |issue=7–8 |page=793 |date=2005 |doi=10.1002/prop.200410203 |arxiv=hep-th/0502050 |bibcode=2005ForPh..53..793M |s2cid=15083147}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Avery |first1=Steven G. |last2=Chowdhury |first2=Borun D. |last3=Puhm |first3=Andrea |title=Unitarity and fuzzball complementarity: &quot;Alice fuzzes but may not even know it!&quot; |journal=Journal of High Energy Physics |date=2013 |issue=9 |article-number=12 |doi=10.1007/JHEP09(2013)012 |arxiv=1210.6996 |bibcode=2013JHEP...09..012A }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sheiltynys yn [[ym-hayrn quantum lhoobey]] treeal dy vel y chruillaght as y ghlooaght ec çheshvean towl doo mooar, agh nagh vel eh neuyerrinagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Bojowald |first1=Martin |title=Black-Hole Models in Loop Quantum Gravity |journal=Universe |date=2020 |volume=6 |issue=8 |page=125 |doi=10.3390/universe6080125 |arxiv=2009.13565 |bibcode=2020Univ....6..125B |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Crooaght ==
Ta duill ghoo er ny chroo lesh [[cohuittym ym-hayrnagh]] rollageyn gloutagh, rere cohuittym jeeragh ny car bleaystey yl-nova ayns loaghtey ta enmyssit “cooyl-huittym.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Woosley |first1=S. E. |last2=Heger |first2=A. |last3=Weaver |first3=T. A. |date=7 Mee Houney 2002 |title=The evolution and explosion of massive stars |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1015 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |language=Baarle |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=1015–1071 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.74.1015 |bibcode=2002RvMP...74.1015W |issn=0034-6861|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee tuill ghoo çheet er y theihll rere covestey daa [[rollage naeearaneagh]] ny rollage naeearaneagh as towl doo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Zappa |first1=Francesco |last2=Bernuzzi |first2=Sebastiano |last3=Pannarale |first3=Francesco |last4=Mapelli |first4=Michela |last5=Giacobbo |first5=Nicola |date=25 Jerrey Souree 2019 |title=Black-Hole Remnants from Black-Hole–Neutron-Star Mergers |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.041102 |journal=Physical Review Letters |language=Baarle |volume=123 |issue=4 |article-number=041102 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.041102 |pmid=31491270 |arxiv=1903.11622 |bibcode=2019PhRvL.123d1102Z |issn=0031-9007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta obbrinaghtyn elley ny smoo sheiltynagh goaill stiagh [[towl doo bunneydagh|tuill ghoo vunneydagh]] v’er ny chroo lesh kirkinyssyn glooaght ‘sy tuinney aeg, cohuittym [[Rollage ghorraghey (obbrinaght Newton)|rollageyn dorraghey]], red sheiltynagh fo bree neunheeaghey [[stoo doo]], ny veih stoo doo hene-eddyr-obbree sheiltynagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Inayoshi |first1=Kohei |last2=Visbal |first2=Eli |last3=Haiman |first3=Zoltán |date=18 Luanistyn 2020 |title=The Assembly of the First Massive Black Holes |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-astro-120419-014455 |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |language=Baarle |volume=58 |issue=&lt;!--none--&gt; |pages=27–97 |doi=10.1146/annurev-astro-120419-014455 |arxiv=1911.05791 |bibcode=2020ARA&amp;A..58...27I |issn=0066-4146}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cohuittym ym-hayrnagh ===
{{main|Co-huittym ym-hayrnagh}}
[[Coadan:Images of gas cloud being ripped apart by the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way ESO.jpg|thumb|Bodjal gas t’er ny raipey lesh y town doo ec çheshvean Raad Mooar Gorree (baghtyn veih ny bleeantyn 2006, 2010, as 2013 er nyn daishbyney ayns gorrym, eayney, as jiarg er lheh)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=Ripped Apart by a Black Hole |url=http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1332/ |access-date=19 Jerrey Souree 2013 |work=ESO |date=17 Jerrey Souree 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721014626/http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1332/ |archive-date=21 Jerrey Souree 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Ta cohuittym ym-hayrnagh taghyrtyn tra nagh vel dy liooar [[broo]] sthie red dy hassoo noi ym-hayrn y red hene. Ec jerrey seihll rollage, nee yn rollage jeeigeyraghey e chooid [[hiddragien]] dy [[co-lheie çheshveanagh|cho-lheie]], as nee eh co-lheie bunstooghyn ny smoo gloutagh, derrey t’eh çheet dys [[yiarn]]. Ta co-lheie bunstooghyn elley ny s’trimmey [[aawoalley endoçhermagh|shirrey ny smoo bree na’n mooad vees er ny skeaylley magh]], as, kyndagh rish shen, cha nel y rollage jargal dy yannoo co-lheie çheshveanagh. My vees y cree yiarn ro-ghloutagh, cha vees y rollage jargal dy chummal seose ish hene as nee eh goll trooid cohuittym ym-hayrnagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Janka |first1=H. |last2=Langanke |first2=K. |last3=Marek |first3=A. |last4=Martinezpinedo |first4=G. |last5=Muller |first5=B. |title=Theory of core-collapse supernovae |journal=Physics Reports |date=2007 |volume=442 |issue=1–6 |pages=38–74 |doi=10.1016/j.physrep.2007.02.002 |arxiv=astro-ph/0612072 |bibcode=2007PhR...442...38J }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Fryer |first1=Chris L. |last2=Holz |first2=Daniel E. |last3=Hughes |first3=Scott A. |title=Gravitational Wave Emission from Core Collapse of Massive Stars |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2002-01-20_565_1/page/430 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2002 |volume=565 |issue=1 |pages=430–446 |doi=10.1086/324034 |arxiv=astro-ph/0106113 |bibcode=2002ApJ...565..430F }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Foddee [[stoo jeeghiennit|broo jeeghientynys]] co-oltyn y rollage cur lhiettrimys er y chohuittym as lhiggey da co-ghlooghey y stoo stiagh ayns stayd ny s’gloo. Veeys eh geiyrt er fer jeh ny sorçhyn eigsoylagh dy [[rollage hionn]]. Bee yn sorçh shen croghey er glout y remlad jeh’n rollage vunneydagh my vees ny bratyn er ny heebey ersooyl (myr sampleyr ayns [[yl-nova y II sorçh]]). Foddee glout y remlad, y red cohuittit ta tannaghtyn bio lurg y bleaystey, ve foddey ny sloo na glout y rollage vunneydagh. Remladyn ny s’yrjey na {{Solar mass|5}}, t’ad gientit lesh rollageyn va ny smoo na {{Solar mass|20}} roish y chohuittym.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carroll5.8&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|loc=Meer 5.8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

My vees glout y remlad ny smoo na mysh {{solar mass|3–4}} (cagliagh Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff&lt;ref name=&quot;OV1939&quot; /&gt;), er-yn-oyr dy row yn rollage vunneydagh feer hrome ny kyndagh rish çhymsaghey glout brash trooid cruinnaghey stoo, cha vees broo jeeghientynys ny naeearaneyn dy liooar son dy chur lhiettrimys er y chohuittym. Cha nel obbrinaght erbee ayn (faagail magh broo jeeghientynys quarkyn, foddee) ta cha niartal as dy vel eh cur lhiettrimys er y stiagh-vleaystey as nee yn red cohuittym stiagh ersyn hene dy yannoo towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carroll5.8&quot; /&gt;

T’eh raait dy vel cohuittym ym-hayrnagh freggyrtagh rish crooaght [[towl doo rollageagh|tuill ghoo rollageagh]]. Foddee dy ren [[crooaght rollage|crooaght rollageyn]] ‘sy tuinney leah cur rish crooaght rollageyn feer ghloutagh, quoi, lurg y cohuittym oc, yinnagh tuill ghoo ghloutagh seose dys {{Solar mass|{{10^|3}}}}. Oddagh dy nee adsyn sheelyn ny tuill ghoo sur-ghloutagh ta ry-gheddyn ayns çheshveanyn y chooid smoo jeh co-rollageyssyn..&lt;ref name=&quot;ReesVolonteri&quot;&gt;{{cite conference |first1=M. J. |series=Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union |last1=Rees |first2=M. |last2=Volonteri |author2-link=Marta Volonteri|title=Massive black holes: Formation and evolution |editor1-first=V. |editor1-last=Karas |editor2-first=G. |editor2-last=Matt |book-title=Black Holes from Stars to Galaxies – Across the Range of Masses |pages=51–58 |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-86347-6 |arxiv=astro-ph/0701512 |bibcode=2007IAUS..238...51R |doi=10.1017/S1743921307004681 |doi-access=free |s2cid=14844338 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Chammah’s shen, t’eh er ny ve moyllit dy oddagh tuill ghoo ghloutagh ~{{Solar mass|{{10^|5}}}} er glout cadjin ve crooit lesh cohuittym jeeragh dy vodjalyn gas ‘sy tuinney aeg.&lt;ref name=&quot;pacucci2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pacucci |first1=F. |last2=Ferrara |first2=A. |last3=Grazian |first3=A. |last4=Fiore |first4=F. |last5=Giallongo |first5=E. |title=First Identification of Direct Collapse Black Hole Candidates in the Early Universe in CANDELS/GOODS-S |journal=Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. |volume=459 |issue=2 |year=2016 |page=1432 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stw725 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1603.08522 |bibcode=2016MNRAS.459.1432P|s2cid=118578313 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ny reddyn gloutagh shoh er ny ve treealit myr ny sheelyn chroo ny quasaryn leah t’er ny ve cronnit ec &lt;math&gt;z \sim 7&lt;/math&gt; er jiarg-arraghey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Bañados|first1=Eduardo|last2=Venemans|first2=Bram P.|last3=Mazzucchelli|first3=Chiara|last4=Farina|first4=Emanuele P.|last5=Walter|first5=Fabian |last6=Wang|first6=Feige |last7=Decarli|first7=Roberto |last8=Stern|first8=Daniel |last9=Fan|first9=Xiaohui |last10=Davies|first10=Frederick B. |last11=Hennawi|first11=Joseph F. |date=1 Jerrey Geuree 2018|title=An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5|url=https://archive.org/details/nature-uk_2018-01-25_553_7689/page/473|journal=Nature|volume=553|issue=7689|pages=473–476|doi=10.1038/nature25180|pmid=29211709|arxiv=1712.01860|bibcode=2018Natur.553..473B|s2cid=205263326}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yeearreyderyn ennagh er ny ve feddynit magh ayns baghtyn y tuinney aeg.&lt;ref name=&quot;pacucci2016&quot; /&gt;

Choud’s ta’n chooid smoo jeh’n vree er ny vrooightey magh dy tappee car cohuittym ym-hayrnagh, cha nel baghtallagh fakin jerrey yn loaghtey shen. Ga dy vel y cohuittym taghyrtyn harrish mooad traa caglit veih [[fraamey ogheragh]] y stoo ta tuittym stiagh, yinnagh baghtallagh foddey voish fakin y stoo shen as eh moaldey as, fy yerrey, scuirrey kiart erskyn y scell-linney haghyrt kyndagh rish y lheanaghey traa ym-hayrnagh. Y çhayll da ymmyrkey yn toilshey veih’n stoo cohuittymagh dys y vaghtallagh, s’odjey as s’odjey t’eh, as ta cumrail traa neuyerrinagh ec y toilshey da ceaut magh jeeragh roish y scell-linney haghyrt; ‘syn ynnyd, t’eh jeeaghyn dy vel y stoo cohuittymagh çheet dy ve ny s’dullyr as ny smoo jiarg-arrit roish my vel eh er ny lhie ersooyl.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Penrose |first1=R. |author-link1=Roger Penrose |title=Gravitational Collapse: The Role of General Relativity |journal=General Relativity and Gravitation |volume=34 |issue=7 |page=1141 |date=2002 |doi=10.1023/A:1016578408204 |url=http://www.imamu.edu.sa/Scientific_selections/abstracts/Physics/Gravitational%20Collapse%20The%20Role%20of%20General.pdf |bibcode=2002GReGr..34.1141P |s2cid=117459073|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526224126/http://www.imamu.edu.sa/Scientific_selections/abstracts/Physics/Gravitational%20Collapse%20The%20Role%20of%20General.pdf |archive-date=26 Boaldyn 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Tuill ghoo vunneydagh as y Bleaystey Mooar ====
Ta feme ec cohuittym ym-hayrnagh er ard-ghlooaght. ‘Syn amm roie jeh’n tuinney, cha nel ny h-ard-ghlooaghtyn shen ry-gheddyn agh ynrican ayns rollageyn; agh sy tuinney leah as tammylt beg lurg y Bleaystey Mooar, va ny glooaghtyn foddey ny smoo as foddee dy row eh lhiggey da crooaght tuill ghoo. Agh, cha nel yn ard-ghlooaght ny lomarcan dy liooar son crooaght towl doo er-yn-oyr nagh vel rheynn glout chorrym lhiggey da çhymsaghey yn ghlout. Gyn ourys va boirraghyn glooaght toshee lhig da crooaght [[towl doo bunneydagh|tuill ghoo vunneydagh]] ayns lheid mean gloo oddagh aase fo’n ym-hayrn oc. Ny kiaddaghyn eigsoylagh t’ayn da’n tuinney aeg, t’ad anchasley veih my cheilley rere ny faaishnyssyn oc da scaailey ny boirraghyn shen. Ta kiaddaghyn eigsoylagh faaishnaghey crooaght tuill ghoo vunneydagh as ad anchasley er mooadys veih [[glout Planck]] (&lt;math&gt; m_P = \sqrt{\hbar c/G} &lt;/math&gt; ≈ {{val|1.2|e=19|ul=GeV/c2}} ≈ {{val|2.2|e=-8|u=kg}}) dys ny keeadyn as ny thousaneyn dy ghloutyn greiney.&lt;ref name=&quot;carr primordial&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Carr |first1=B. J. |chapter=Primordial Black Holes: Do They Exist and Are They Useful? |editor1-first=H. |editor1-last=Suzuki |editor2-first=J. |editor2-last=Yokoyama |editor3-first=Y. |editor3-last=Suto |editor4-first=K. |editor4-last=Sato |title=First identification of direct collapse black hole candidates in the early Universe in CANDELS/GOODS-S |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |pages=astro–ph/0511743 |publisher=Universal Academy Press |date=2005 |volume=459 |issue=2 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stw725 |doi-access=free |isbn=978-4-946443-94-7 |arxiv=astro-ph/0511743 |bibcode=2005astro.ph.11743C}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dyn y wooise da [[glooaght|ard-ghlooaght]] y tuinney aeg, cha ren eh aa-chohuittym stiagh ayns towl doo car y Bleaystey Mooar er-yn-oyr dy row yn chormid vooadaghey ny smoo na’n cleayn. Geiyrt er y [[sheiltynys mooadaghey|çheiltynys mooadaghey]], ta’n chonastaght chadjin faaishnaghey dy vel y ream ym-hayrnagh moaldey mooadaghey yn tuinney. Ta’n broo jiooldagh geddyn barriaght er y vroo jarrooagh dy yannoo ream ym-hayrnagh aawoallee glen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Guth |first=Alan |date=1997 |title=Was Cosmic Inflation the 'Bang' of the Big Bang? - A. Guth |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Guth/Guth3.html |access-date=2 Jerrey Souree 2025 |website=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ny kiaddaghyn da cohuittym ym-hayrnagh reddyn jeh beayn-vooadys coreiragh, lheid as [[rollage]]yn, cha nel ad cooie ‘syn aght cheddin da spoar ta mooadaghey dy tappee lheid as y Bleaystey Mooar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author1=Philip Gibbs |title=Is the Big Bang a black hole? |url=http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/universe.html |publisher=[[John Baez]] |access-date=16 Mayrnt 2018 |archive-date=31 Mee ny Nollick 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231021714/http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/universe.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Covuillaghyn ard-vreeoil ===
Rere sheiltynys, oddagh tuill ghoo v’er ny chroo ayns covuillaghyn floag [[fishig ard-vreeoil|ard-vreeoil]] ta roshtyn glooaght dy liooar. Roish 2002, cha row lheid taghyrt er ny ve cronnit, dy jeeragh ny dy neu-yeeragh myr lag-chormid glout ayns prowaltyssyn [[siyreyder floag]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Giddings |first1=S. B. |last2=Thomas |first2=S. |title=High energy colliders as black hole factories: The end of short distance physics |date=2002 |journal=Physical Review D |volume=65 |issue=5 |article-number=056010 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.65.056010 |arxiv=hep-ph/0106219|bibcode=2002PhRvD..65e6010G|s2cid=1203487 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Cha vees [[myn-towl doo|myn-tuill ghoo]] crooit ayns ny covuillaghyn ta taghyrtyn tra ta [[scell tuinnagh|scellyn tuinnagh]] bwoalley stiagh ayns aeraght y Dowan ny, foddee, ‘sy [[Co-woalleyder Mooar Hadron|Cho-woalleyder Mooar Hadron]] ec [[CERN]] jargal dy hymsaghey glout brash.&lt;ref name=&quot;LHCsafety&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://lsag.web.cern.ch/lsag/LSAG-Report.pdf |title=Review of the Safety of LHC Collisions |journal=Journal of Physics G: Nuclear Physics |volume=35 |issue=11 |article-number=115004 |author=LHC Safety Assessment Group |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414160742/http://lsag.web.cern.ch/lsag/LSAG-Report.pdf |archive-date=14 Averil 2010 |bibcode=2008JPhG...35k5004E |year=2008 |arxiv=0806.3414 |doi=10.1088/0954-3899/35/11/115004|s2cid=53370175 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ga dy vees crooaght myn-tuill ghoo jargal, t’eh jerkit dy jinnagh ad [[gaalaghey towl doo|gaalaghey]] harrish 10{{sup|−25}} thootçhey, gyn baggyrt da’n Dowan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Cavaglià |first=M. |title=Particle accelerators as black hole factories? |journal=Einstein-Online |volume=4 |page=1010 |date=2010 |url=http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/accelerators_bh/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508085759/http://www.einstein-online.info/spotlights/accelerators_bh |archive-date=8 Boaldyn 2013 |access-date=8 Boaldyn 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aafilley ==
=== Aase ===
[[Coadan:BBH gravitational lensing of gw150914.webm|thumb|Yn-soylley daa howl doo ta co-vuilley]]

Tra ta towl doo er ny chroo, foddee eh tannaghtyn gaase lesh soo stiagh tooilley [[stoo]]. Nee towl doo erbee tannaghtyn soo stiagh gas as [[joan eddyr-rollageagh]] veih’n çhymmyltaght echey. Foddee dy nee ‘syn aght shen va tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh ennagh er ny chroo, agh she ream ronsee foast foshlit ee [[Towl doo sur-ghloutagh#Crooaght|crooaght tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ReesVolonteri&quot; /&gt; Ta loaghtey cosoyllagh er ny ve treealit da crooaght [[towl doo mean-ghloutagh|tuill ghoo vean-ghloutagh]] ta ry-gheddyn ayns [[çhaglym bluckanagh|çhaglymyn bluckanagh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |first1=E. |last1=Vesperini |first2=S. L. W. |last2=McMillan |first3=A. |last3=d'Ercole |first4=F. |last4=d'Antona |display-authors=3 |title=Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Early Globular Clusters |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=713 |issue=1 |pages=L41–L44 |date=2010 |doi=10.1088/2041-8205/713/1/L41 |arxiv=1003.3470 |bibcode=2010ApJ...713L..41V |s2cid=119120429}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foddee tuill ghoo covestey rish reddyn elley, lheid as rollageyn ny eer tuill ghoo elley. T’eh er credjal dy row yn aght shen scanshoil, ayns aase leah ny tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh er lheh, oddagh v’er ny chroo lesh çhymsaghey ram reddyn elley ny sloo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReesVolonteri&quot; /&gt; Ta’n loaghtey shen er ny ve treealit myr bun tuill ghoo vean-ghloutagh ennagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Zwart |first1=S. F. P. |last2=Baumgardt |first2=H. |last3=Hut |first3=P. |last4=Makino |first4=J. |last5=McMillan |first5=S. L. W. |display-authors=3 |title=Formation of massive black holes through runaway collisions in dense young star clusters |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2004-04-15_428_6984/page/724 |journal=Nature |volume=428 |issue=6984 |date=2004 |doi=10.1038/nature02448 |pmid=15085124 |arxiv=astro-ph/0402622 |bibcode=2004Natur.428..724P |pages=724–726 |s2cid=4408378}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=O'Leary |first1=R. M. |last2=Rasio |first2=F. A. |last3=Fregeau |first3=J. M. |last4=Ivanova |first4=N. |last5=o'Shaughnessy |first5=R. |display-authors=3 |title=Binary Mergers and Growth of Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2006-02-01_637_2/page/937 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=637 |issue=2 |pages=937–951 |date=2006 |doi=10.1086/498446 |arxiv=astro-ph/0508224 |bibcode=2006ApJ...637..937O |s2cid=1509957}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gaalaghey ===
{{main|Goulraght Hawking}}

‘Sy vlein 1974, ren Hawking faaishnaghey nagh vel tuill ghoo slane doo, agh dy vel ad ceau bolgymyn beggey dy ghoulraght hermagh ec ''ħc''{{sup|3}}/(8''πGM''[[Beayn-earroo Boltzmann|''k''{{sub|B}}]]) er çhiassid;&lt;ref name=Hawking1974&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hawking |first=S. W. |author-link1=Stephen Hawking |title=Black hole explosions? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1974-03-01_248_5443/page/30 |journal=Nature |date=1974 |volume=248 |issue=5443 |pages=30–31 |doi=10.1038/248030a0|bibcode=1974Natur.248...30H|s2cid=4290107 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ta’n eiyrtys shen er ny ve enmyssit goulraght Hawking. Ren eh ymmyd jeh sheiltynys ream quantum rish cooylrey towl doo neughleashagh as chronnee eh dy lhisagh towl doo ceau magh floagyn ta taishbyney slane [[spectrum doo-chorpane]]. Veih’n toilshaghey magh ec Hawking, ta ram sleih elley er ny yarrooaghey as ny eeraghey yn eiyrtys shen lesh saaseyn eigsoylagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Page |first=D. N. |title=Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics |journal=New Journal of Physics |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=203 |date=2005 |arxiv=hep-th/0409024 |doi=10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/203|bibcode=2005NJPh....7..203P|s2cid=119047329 }}&lt;/ref&gt; My vel y kiart ec y çheiltynys goulraght towl doo lesh Hawking, t’eh jerkit dy vees ny tuill ghoo er ny leodaghey as ny ghaalaghey as ad coayl glout lesh brooightey photonyn as floagyn elley.&lt;ref name=Hawking1974 /&gt; Ta çhiassid y spectrum çhermagh shen ([[çhiassid Hawking]]) ayns coreir rish ym-hayrn eaghtyragh y towl doo, as, da towl doo Schwarzschild, ayns coreir contraartagh rish y ghlout. Myr shen, ta tuill ghoo vooarey broightey magh ny sloo goulraght na tuill ghoo veggey.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Carroll|2004|loc=Ch. 9.6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta çhiassid Hawking 62&amp;nbsp;[[nanokelvin]] ec towl doo rollageagh er {{Solar mass|1}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Siegel |first1=Ethan |author-link1=Ethan Siegel |title=Ask Ethan: Do Black Holes Grow Faster Than They Evaporate? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/08/19/ask-ethan-do-black-holes-grow-faster-than-they-evaporate/ |access-date=17 Mayrnt 2018 |work=Forbes (&quot;Starts With A Bang&quot; blog) |date=2017 |archive-date=22 Mee Houney 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122031830/https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2017/08/19/ask-ethan-do-black-holes-grow-faster-than-they-evaporate/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shoh foddey ny sloo na’n 2.7&amp;nbsp;K ta myr çhiassid goulraght y [[cooylrey meegra-honn tuinnagh|chooylrey meegra-honn tuinnagh]]. Ta tuill ghoo rollageagh, ny tuill ghoo ny smoo, geddyn ny smoo glout veih’n chooylrey meegra-honn tuinnagh na t’ad ceau magh lesh goulraght Hawking as, myr shen, nee ad aase ayns ynnyd leodaghey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sivaram |first1=C. |title=Black hole Hawking radiation may never be observed! |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_general-relativity-and-gravitation_2001-02_33_2/page/n2 |journal=General Relativity and Gravitation |date=2001 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=175–181 |bibcode=2001GReGr..33..175S |doi=10.1023/A:1002753400430|s2cid=118913634 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lhisagh towl doo ve cha gloutagh as yn [[Yn Eayst|Eayst]] son çhiassid Hawking ny s’yrjey 2.7&amp;nbsp;K dy ve echey (as eh jargal dy ghaalaghey). Veagh lheid towl doo ny sloo na jeihoo dy villimeadar er crantessen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.einstein-online.info/elementary/quantum/evaporating_bh/?set_language=en |title=Evaporating black holes? |website=Einstein online |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics |date=2010 |access-date=12 Mee ny Nollick 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722055345/http://www.einstein-online.info/elementary/quantum/evaporating_bh/?set_language=en |archive-date=22 Jerrey Souree 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

My vees towl doo feer veg, t’eh jerkit dy vees eiyrtyssyn y ghoulraght feer niartal. Veagh towl doo cha gloutagh as gleashtan 10{{sup|−24}}&amp;nbsp;m er crantessen, veagh eh er ny ghaalaghey ayns nanothootçhey, as veagh lossanaght echey 200 keayrt ny smoo na lossanaght ny Greiney. T’eh jerkit dy vees tuill ghoo beg-ghloutagh er ny ghaalaghey ny s’tappee; myr sampleyr, veagh towl doo 1&amp;nbsp;TeV/''c''{{sup|2}} er glout er ny ghaalaghey ayns ny sloo 10{{sup|−88}} thootçhey. Da lheid towl doo beg, t’eh jerkit dy vees currym scanshoil ec eiyrtyssyn ym-hayrn quantum as foddee ad jannoo yn towl doo shickyr, ga nagh vel lhiasaghyn roie ‘syn ym-hayrn quantum taishbyney eh shen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Giddings |first1=S. B. |last2=Mangano |first2=M. L. |title=Astrophysical implications of hypothetical stable TeV-scale black holes |journal=Physical Review D |volume=78 |issue=3 |article-number=035009 |date=2008 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.78.035009 |arxiv=0806.3381 |bibcode=2008PhRvD..78c5009G |s2cid=17240525}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Peskin |first1=M. E. |title=The end of the world at the Large Hadron Collider? |journal=Physics |volume=1 |article-number=14 |date=2008 |doi=10.1103/Physics.1.14 |bibcode=2008PhyOJ...1...14P|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

T’eh faaishnit dy vees goulraght Hawking da towl doo fishigagh rollageagh feer annoonagh as, myr shen, veagh eh doillee dy chronnaghey eh veih’n Dowan. Foddee dy nee lhimmey eh yn bleaystey dy scellyn gamma t’er brooightey magh ‘sy cheim yerree jeh gaalaghey tuill ghoo vunneydagh. Derrey shoh, cha nel rah ain lesh ny ronsaghyn ta jeant ain da lheid çhentyn as t’eh cur cagliee er jargaght tuill ghoo vunneydagh veg-ghloutagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Fichtel |first1=C. E. |last2=Bertsch |first2=D. L. |last3=Dingus |first3=B. L.|author3-link= Brenda Dingus |last4=Esposito |first4=J. A. |last5=Hartman |first5=R. C. |last6=Hunter |first6=S. D. |last7=Kanbach |first7=G. |last8=Kniffen |first8=D. A. |last9=Lin |first9=Y. C. |display-authors=3 |title=Search of the energetic gamma-ray experiment telescope (EGRET) data for high-energy gamma-ray microsecond bursts |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1994-10-20_434_2/page/557 |journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=434 |issue=2 |pages=557–559 |date=1994 |doi=10.1086/174758|bibcode=1994ApJ...434..557F |last10=Mattox |first10=J. R. |last11=Mayer-Hasselwander |first11=H. A. |last12=McDonald |first12=L. |last13=Michelson |first13=P. F. |last14=Von Montigny |first14=C. |last15=Nolan |first15=P. L. |last16=Schneid |first16=E. J. |last17=Sreekumar |first17=P. |last18=Thompson |first18=D. J.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta’n fodreayrtan spoar [[Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope]] lesh [[NASA]], v’er ny launshey ‘sy vlein 2008, ronsaghey magh ny çhentyn shen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=R. |last=Naeye |title=Testing Fundamental Physics |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/testing_fundamental_physics.html |publisher=NASA |access-date=16 Mean Fouyir 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831045232/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/GLAST/science/testing_fundamental_physics.html |archive-date=31 Luanistyn 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

My vel tuill ghoo gaalaghey lesh goulraght Hawking, lhisagh towl doo jeh glout greiney gaalaghey (goaill toshiaght rish tuittym çhiassid y chooylrey meegra-honn tuinnagh ny sloo na’n towl doo) yns shayll 10{{sup|64}} bleeaney.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frautschi1982&quot; /&gt; Nee towl doo sur-ghloutagh {{Solar mass|{{10^|11}}}} er glout gaalaghey ayns mysh 2×10{{sup|100}} bleeaney.&lt;ref name=page&gt;{{cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.13.198 | volume=13 | title=Particle emission rates from a black hole: Massless particles from an uncharged, nonrotating hole | year=1976 | journal=Physical Review D | pages=198–206 | last1 = Page | first1 = Don N.| issue=2 | bibcode=1976PhRvD..13..198P}}. Jeeagh er cormid (27) er lheh.&lt;/ref&gt; Car cohuittym sur-haglym dy rollageyssyn, t’eh faaishnit dy jinnagh tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh gaase seose dys {{solar mass|{{10^|14}}}}. Eer adsyn, veagh ad er ny ghaalaghey ayns shayll dys 10{{sup|106}} bleeaney.&lt;ref name=&quot;Frautschi1982&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Frautschi |first1=S. |title=Entropy in an Expanding Universe |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1982-08-13_217_4560/page/593 |journal=Science |volume=217 |issue=4560 |year=1982 |pages=593–599 |doi=10.1126/science.217.4560.593 |pmid=17817517 |bibcode=1982Sci...217..593F|s2cid=27717447 }} Jeeagh er duillag 596: taabyl{{nbsp}}1 as y meer &quot;black hole decay&quot; as yn abbyrt roish er y duillag shen.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Feanish baghtal ==
T’eh jerkit dy vel millioonyn dy huill ghoo ayns Raad Mooar Gorree mysh 30 glout greiney er glout as ad çheet magh as cohuittymyn rollageagh. Lhisagh ny keeadyn ve eer ayns [[co-rollageys crivassanagh]] lheid as y [[Yn Dragane (co-rollageys crivassanagh)|Dragane]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Elbert |first1=Oliver D. |last2=Bullock |first2=James S. |last3=Kaplinghat |first3=Manoj |date=1 Jerrey Geuree 2018 |title=Counting black holes: The cosmic stellar remnant population and implications for LIGO |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/473/1/1186/4060726 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=Baarle |volume=473 |issue=1 |pages=1186–1194 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stx1959 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711|arxiv=1703.02551 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ansherbee, cha nel agh kuse veg jeu er ny ve cronnit.
Rere dooghys, cha nel tuill ghoo hene cur magh goulraght lectro-vagnaidagh erbee goaill magh goulraght heiltynagh Hawking as, kyndagh rish shen, lhisagh fishigee rollageagh shirrey tuill ghoo lesh baghtyn neu-yeeragh.

=== Tessen-veadraght yeeragh ===
[[Coadan:A_view_of_the_M87_supermassive_black_hole_in_polarised_light.tif|thumb|Reayrt er y towl doo sur-ghloutagh [[M87*]] ayns soilshey poullit]]
[[Coadan:EHT_Saggitarius_A_black_hole.tif|thumb|[[Sagittarius A*]], y towl too sur-ghloutagh ayns çheshvean Raad Mooar Gorree]]

She claare bio eh yn [[Event Horizon Telescope]] (EHT) ta cronnaghey yn çhymmyltaght yeeragh jeh scell-linnaghyn taghyrt tuill ghoo, lheid as y towl doo ec çheshvean Raad Moor Gorree. Ayns Averil 2017, ghow yn EHT toshiaght rish cronnaghey yn towl doo ec çheshvean [[Messier 87]].&lt;ref name=&quot;eht&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://eventhorizontelescope.org/galleries/2017-observations |title=Averil 2017 Observations |work=Event Horizon Telescope |access-date=11 Averil 2019 |archive-date=10 Averil 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410223148/https://eventhorizontelescope.org/galleries/2017-observations |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20240124&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=That Famous Black Hole Gets a Second Look - Repeated studies of the supermassive black hole in the galaxy Messier 87 confirm that it continues to act as Einstein's theory predicted it would. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/science/space/black-holes-photography-m87.html |date=24 Jerrey Geuree 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240124200523/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/science/space/black-holes-photography-m87.html |archive-date=24 Jerrey Geuree 2024 |access-date=25 Jerrey Geuree 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ren hoght reayrtlann radio er shey slieau as kiare mooar-rheynn cronnaghey yn co-rollageys ‘sy Voidyn nish as reesht feie 10 laa ayns Averil 2017 dy chiarail ny fysseree ren croo yn jalloo ayns Averil 2019.&lt;ref name=OverbyeApril2019&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/science/black-hole-picture.html |title=Darkness Visible, Finally: Astronomers Capture First Ever Image of a Black Hole |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |date=10 Averil 2019 |access-date=11 Averil 2019 |newspaper=The New York Times |archive-date=21 Boaldyn 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521020231/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/science/black-hole-picture.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lurg daa vlein dy cho-earrooaght fysseree, skeayl yn EHT magh e chied jalloo jeh towl doo, ec çheshvean y cho-rollageys Messier 87.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/science/space/100000006453594/first-image-black-hole.html |type=video |date=10 Averil 2019 |agency=AP |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Astronomers Reveal the First Picture of a Black Hole |access-date=11 Averil 2019 |archive-date=22 Boaldyn 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522052307/https://www.nytimes.com/video/science/space/100000006453594/first-image-black-hole.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Doeleman |first=Shep |title=The Event Horizon Telescope: Imaging and Time-Resolving a Black Hole |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yGSgUUYDQ8&amp;t=46m50s |website=Physics @ Berkeley |date=4 Averil 2016 |time=46:50 |access-date=8 Jerrey Souree 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201115303/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yGSgUUYDQ8&amp;t=46m50s |archive-date=1 Mee ny Nollick 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ny ta r-akin, cha nee eshyn y towl doo—ta taishbynit ayns daa doo kyndagh rish coayl dagh soilshey çheusthie jeh’n ard dorraghey shen. Ansherbee, she she yn jysk cruinnee ta çhemmal rish y scell-linney haghyrt, as ta soilshit magh ‘sy jalloo ayns daaghyn oranje-vuigh ny jiarg, ta soilshaghey yn towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;GrossmanApril2019&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Lisa |last2=Conover |first2=Emily |author-link2=Emily Conover |date=10 Averil 2019 |title=The first picture of a black hole opens a new era of astrophysics |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/black-hole-first-picture-event-horizon-telescope |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427192956/https://www.sciencenews.org/article/black-hole-first-picture-event-horizon-telescope |archive-date=27 Averil 2019 |access-date=11 Averil 2019 |newspaper=Science News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Er 12 Boaldyn 2022, ren yn EHT skeaylley magh y chied jalloo jeh [[Sagittarius A*]], y towl doo sur-ghloutagh ta ny lhie ec çheshvean Raad Mooar Gorree. Haishbyn y jalloo soilshit y strughtoor fainagh cheddin as y “scaa” cheddin v’er ny haishbyney ayns jalloo yn towl doo M87*. Ta cagliagh y scaa ny yn ard nagh vel cha gial piyral rish ny cruinleeyn photon ta lensit lesh yn ym-hayrn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration |last2=Akiyama |first2=Kazunori |last3=Alberdi |first3=Antxon |last4=Alef |first4=Walter |last5=Algaba |first5=Juan Carlos |last6=Anantua |first6=Richard |last7=Asada |first7=Keiichi |last8=Azulay |first8=Rebecca |last9=Bach |first9=Uwe |last10=Baczko |first10=Anne-Kathrin |last11=Ball |first11=David |last12=Baloković |first12=Mislav |last13=Barrett |first13=John |last14=Bauböck |first14=Michi |last15=Benson |first15=Bradford A. |date=1 May 2022 |title=First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=930 |issue=2 |quote=The ring usually lies near the gravitationally lensed photon orbits that define the boundary of what we hereafter refer to as the black hole &quot;shadow.&quot; |pages=L12 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac6674 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ApJ...930L..12E |issn=2041-8205|arxiv=2311.08680 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Va’n jalloo jeant lesh ny çhagnyssyn cheddin as va ymmydit da’n towl doo ayns M87. Va co-earrooaght jallooaghey da Sagittarius A*, ta thousane keayrtyn ny sloo gloutagh na M87*, foddey ny smoo cast kyndagh rish neuhassooaght y çhymyltaght echey.&lt;ref&gt;{{CC-notice|by4}} {{cite web |title=Astronomers Reveal First Image of the Black Hole at the Heart of Our Galaxy |url=https://eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy |access-date=22 Mean Souree 2022 |website=eventhorizontelescope.org |date=12 Boaldyn 2022 |language=Baarle}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va jalloo Sagittarius A* lieh-chayeeagh lesh [[Plasmey (fishig)|plasmey]] boiraneagh eddyr eh as y Dowan, eiyrtys ta cur lhiettrimys er cruinnys y jalloo er tonn-lhiuridyn ny s’lhiurey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=C. Bower |first=Geoffrey |date=Boaldyn 2022 |title=Focus on First Sgr A* Results from the Event Horizon Telescope |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205/page/Focus_on_First_Sgr_A_Results |journal= The Astrophysical Journal Letters  |volume= |issue=2041–8205}}&lt;/ref&gt;

T’eh credjit dy nee [[goulley conastaghtoil|goulley Doppler]], raad ta stoo ta goll ayns troa yn vaghtallagh ec bieauidyn conastaghtoil er ny chronnaghey ny s’gilley na’n stoo ta goll ersooyl, cooish lesh giallaghey yn stoo ‘sy lieh heese jeh’n jalloo EHT co-earrooit. Ayns cooish towl doo, ta’n henomenon shoh keeayllaghey dy vel y stoo fakinagh çhyndaa ec bieauidyn conastaghtoil (&gt;{{convert|1,000|km/s|mph|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}}), yn ynrican bieauid raad t’eh jargal cleayn ym-hayrnagh feer vooar y towl doo dy chormaghey mean-shaghnagh as, lesh shen, dy hannaghtyn ayns cruinlagh erskyn y scell-linney haghyrt. Ren y reaghey shoh dy stoo gial taishbyney dy ren yn EHT cronnaghey [[M87*]] as y jysk cruinnee echey çhyndaa lesh y chlag.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration|title=First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|year=2021|volume=910|issue=1|page=L12|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/abe71d|arxiv=2105.01169|bibcode=2021ApJ...910L..12E|s2cid=233851995|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=GrossmanApril2019/&gt;

[[Coadan:A view of the jet and shadow of M87’s black hole (eso2305a).jpg|thumb|Towl doo M87* as e skioot conastaghtoil echey]]
‘Sy vlein 2015, chronnee yn EHT reamyn magnaidagh kiart çheumooie jeh scell-linney haghyrt Sagittarius A* as phrow eh fir jeh ny troyn oc. She slane mestey jeh linnaghyn ream reaghit as fud y cheilley adsyn ta roie trooid y jysk cruinnee. Roish shen, va studeyryssyn sheiltynagh er tuill ghoo er faaishnaghey faare reamyn magnaidagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=Resolved magnetic-field structure and variability near the event horizon of Sagittarius A* |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_science_2015-12-04_350_6265/page/1242 |journal=Science |date=4 Mee ny Nollick 2015 |pages=1242–1245 |volume=350 |issue=6265 |doi=10.1126/science.aac7087 |first1=M. D. |last1=Johnson |first2=V. L. |last2=Fish |first3=S. S. |last3=Doeleman |first4=D. P. |last4=Marrone |first5=R. L. |last5=Plambeck |first6=J. F. C. |last6=Wardle |first7=K. |last7=Akiyama |first8=K. |last8=Asada |first9=C. |last9=Beaudoin |arxiv=1512.01220 |bibcode=2015Sci...350.1242J |pmid=26785487|s2cid=21730194 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Event Horizon Telescope Reveals Magnetic Fields at Milky Way's Central Black Hole |url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2015-28 |website=cfa.harvard.edu |access-date=12 Jerrey Geuree 2016 |date=3 Mee ny Nollick 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231211408/https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2015-28 |archive-date=31 Mee ny Nollick 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayns Averil 2023, va jalloo scaa yn towl doo ayns Messier 87 as y skioot ard-vreeoil mooinjeragh ry-akin ry-cheilley da’n chied cheayrt er ny skeaylley magh.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20230426&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=A Fresh View of an Increasingly Familiar Black Hole - Radio astronomers have captured a wide-angle image of one of the most violent locales in the cosmos. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/26/science/astronomy-black-hole-m87.html |date=26 Averil 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230426212932/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/26/science/astronomy-black-hole-m87.html  |archive-date=26 Averil 2023 |access-date=26 Averil 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NAT-20230426&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Lu, Ru-Sen |display-authors=et al |title=A ring-like accretion structure in M87 connecting its black hole and jet |date=26 April 2023 |journal=[[Nature (earishlioar)|Nature]] |volume=616 |issue=7958 |pages=686–690 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05843-w |pmid=37100940 |pmc=10132962 |arxiv=2304.13252 |bibcode=2023Natur.616..686L }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cronnaghey tonnyn ym-hayrnagh veih tuill ghoo ta covestey ===
[[Coadan:LIGO measurement of gravitational waves.svg|thumb|Towshan LIGO jeh ny tonnyn ym-hayrnagh ec cronneyderyn Livingston (er yesh) as Hanford (er chlee), ayns cosoyllaght rish ny leaghyn faaishnit sheiltynagh]]

Er 14 Mean Fouyir 2015, ren y reayrtlann tonn ym-hayrnagh [[LIGO]] y chied [[Yn chied vaght jeh tonnyn ym-hayrnagh|vaght jeeragh rahoil jeh tonnyn ym-hayrnagh]].&lt;ref name=&quot;PRL-20160211&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Abbott, B.P. |title=Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger |journal=[[Phys. Rev. Lett.]] |volume=116 |issue=6 |article-number=061102 |year=2016 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 |display-authors=etal |arxiv=1602.03837 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116f1102A |pmid=26918975|s2cid=124959784 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20160211-db&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Physicists Detect Gravitational Waves, Proving Einstein Right |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/science/ligo-gravitational-waves-black-holes-einstein.html |date=11 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211165128/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/science/ligo-gravitational-waves-black-holes-einstein.html |archive-date=11 Toshiaght Arree 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Va’n cowrey cohassooagh rish ny faaishnyssyn sheiltynagh da tonnyn ym-hayrnagh gientit lesh covestey daa howl doo: fer as mysh 36 glout greiney echey as fer elley as mysh 29 glout greiney echey.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRL-20160211&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Properties&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |collaboration=[[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]] &amp; [[tessen-veadar Virgo|Virgo Collaboration]] |last1=Abbott |first1=Benjamin P. |arxiv=1602.03840 |title=Properties of the binary black hole merger GW150914 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=116 |issue=24 |article-number=241102 |date=11 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116x1102A |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241102 |pmid=27367378|s2cid=217406416 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta’n baght shoh kiarail y feanish smoo shickyr da beays tuill ghoo derrey nish. Myr sampleyr, ta cowrey ny tonnyn ym-hayrnagh coyrlaghey nagh row agh {{cvt|350|km}} eddyr y daa red roish y chovestey, ny mysh kiare keayrt ny smoo na craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild ta coreggyrt rish ny gloutyn infearit. Myr shen, lhisagh ny reddyn ve feer hionn, faagail tuill ghoo myr y soilshaghey smoo so-chredjallagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;PRL-20160211&quot; /&gt;

Ny smoo scanshoil, y cowrey v’er ny chronnaghey lesh LIGO, ghow eh stiagh toshiaght y [[Towl doo jeesoil#Bwoalley-sheese|woalley-sheese]] eear-chovestagh, y cowrey ta gientit tra ta’n red çhionn noa-chummit goll ny lhie dys stayd ny hassoo. Rere arganeys, ta’n bwoalley-sheese coontit myr yn aght smoo jeeragh dy chronnaghey towl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cardoso2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Cardoso, V. |author2=Franzin, E. |author3=Pani, P. |title=Is the gravitational-wave ringdown a probe of the event horizon? |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.171101 |pmid=27176511 |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |arxiv=1602.07309 |year=2016 |volume=116 |issue=17 |article-number=171101 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116q1101C|s2cid=206273829 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Veih cowrey LIGO, t’eh jargal dy hayrn magh menkid as traa mooghee yn ard-vod jeh’n woalley-sheese. Vouesyn, t’eh jargal glout as momentum uillinagh y red jerree dy infearaghey as ad piyral rish faaishnyssyn seyrey veih yn-soyllaghyn earrooagh y chovestey.&lt;ref name=&quot;tests&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |url=https://dcc.ligo.org/P1500213/public |title=Tests of general relativity with GW150914 |collaboration=[[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]] &amp; [[Virgo interferometer|Virgo Collaboration]] |last1=Abbott |first1=Benjamin P. |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=11 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |volume=116 |issue=22 |article-number=221101 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.221101 |pmid=27314708 |arxiv=1602.03841 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116v1101A |s2cid=217275338 |access-date=12 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215165039/https://dcc.ligo.org/P1500213/public |archive-date=15 Toshiaght Arree 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta menkid as traa fioghys yn ard-vod er nyn gronnaghey lesh towse-oaylleeaght y sfeyr photon. Myr shen, ta baght y vod shen shickyraghey beays sfeyr photon; ansherbee, cha nel eh jargal dy ghoaill magh caghlaayssyn andooghyssagh ayns ynnyd tuill ghoo ta cha çhionn as dy vel sfeyr photon oc.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cardoso2016&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Murk2023&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Murk |first=Sebastian |title=Nomen non est omen: Why it is too soon to identify ultra-compact objects as black holes |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics D |year=2023 |volume=32 |issue=14 |pages=2342012–2342235 |article-number=2342012 |doi=10.1142/S0218271823420129 |arxiv=2210.03750 |bibcode=2023IJMPD..3242012M |s2cid=252781040}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chammah’s shen, ta’n baght kiarail y chied eanish baghtagh da beays tuill ghoo rollageagh yeesoil. Harrish shen, t’eh kiarail y chied eanish baghtagh da tuill ghoo rollageagh ta 25 glout greiney ny ny smoo er glout.&lt;ref name=&quot;implications&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |collaboration=[[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]] &amp; [[Tessen-veadar Virgo|Virgo Collaboration]] |title=Astrophysical Implications of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914 |doi=10.3847/2041-8205/818/2/L22 |journal=Astrophys. J. Lett. |volume=818 |number=2 |page=L22 |url=https://dcc.ligo.org/P1500262/public |arxiv=1602.03846 |bibcode=2016ApJ...818L..22A |year=2016 |last1=Abbott |first1=B. P. |hdl=1826/11732 |s2cid=209315965 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316053938/https://dcc.ligo.org/P1500262/public |archive-date=16 Mayrnt 2016 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Veih shen, shymmey [[Rolley baghtyn jeh tonnyn ym-hayrnagh|taghyrt tonn ym-hayrnagh]] t’er ny ve baghtit.&lt;ref name=&quot;ligo list&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Detection of gravitational waves|url=https://www.ligo.org/detections.php|access-date=9 Averil 2018|publisher=[[LIGO]]|archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520134427/https://www.ligo.org/detections.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rollageyn ta cruinlaghey Sagittarius A* ===
{{main|Çhaglym Sagittarius A*}}
[[Coadan:SgrA2021.gif|thumb|Rollageyn çhyndaa mygeayrt Sagittarius A* myr va ry-akin ‘sy vlein 2021]]

Ta [[kiart-ghleashaght]] ny rollageyn faggys da çheshvean Raad Mooar Gorree kiarail feanish baghtagh niartal dy vel ny rollageyn shen cruinlaghey towl doo sur-ghloutagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gillessen&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Gillessen |first1=S. |last2=Eisenhauer |first2=F. |last3=Trippe |first3=S. |last4=Alexander |first4=T. |last5=Genzel |first5=R. |last6=Martins |first6=F. |last7=Ott |first7=T. |display-authors=3 |title=Monitoring Stellar Orbits around the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2009-02-20_692_2/page/1075 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=692 |issue=2 |pages=1075–1109 |date=2009 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/1075 |arxiv=0810.4674 |bibcode=2009ApJ...692.1075G |s2cid=1431308}}&lt;/ref&gt; Veih’n vlein 1995, ta rollageyderyn er nyn eiyrt gleashaghtyn 90 rollage ta cruinlaghey red neuakinagh ta coreggyrtagh rish y voir radio Sagittarius A*. As ad towshanaghey ny gleashaghtyn oc rish [[cruinlagh Keplerianagh|cruinleeyn Keplerianagh]], va rollageyderyn jargal dy infearaghey, ‘sy vlein 1998, dy lhisagh red {{solar mass|{{val|2.6e6}}}} er glout ve cummit stiagh ayns thummid 0.02 [[sollys-vlein]] er craue raadeeoil chur rish gleashaghtyn ny rollageyn shen.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghez1998&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ghez |first1=A. M. |last2=Klein |first2=B. L. |last3=Morris |first3=M. |last4=Becklin |first4=E. E. |display-authors=3 |title=High Proper-Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1998-12-20_509_2/page/678 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=509 |issue=2 |pages=678–686 |date=1998 |doi=10.1086/306528 |arxiv=astro-ph/9807210 |bibcode=1998ApJ...509..678G |s2cid=18243528}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Veih shen, ta nane jeh ny rollageyn shen—ta enmyssit [[S2 (rollage)|S2]]—er ny ghoaill jerrey rish slane cruinlagh. Veih ny fysseree chruinlagh, dod ny rollageyderyn aaghlenney earrooaghtyn y ghlout dys {{Solar mass|{{val|4.3e6}}}} as earrooaghtyn y chraue raadeeoil dys ny sloo na 0.002 sollys-vlein da’n red s’cooish lesh gleashaght chruinlagh ny rollageyn shen.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gillessen&quot; /&gt; Y cagliagh s’yrjey da mooadys y red, t’eh foast ro-vooar son dy phrowal vel eh ny sloo na craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild. Ny yey shen as ooilley, ta ny baghtyn shen coyrlaghey dy nee towl doo sur-ghloutagh eh yn red meanagh er-yn-oyr nagh vel craue skeeal so-chredjallagh elley ayn cagliaghey lheid glout neuakinagh stiagh ayns thummid cha beg.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghez1998&quot; /&gt; Chammah’s shen, ta feanish baghtagh ayn ta coyrlaghey oddagh scell-linney haghyrt ve ec y red shen, tro nagh vel ry-gheddyn ec red erbee elley faagail magh tuill ghoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=The Event Horizon of Sagittarius A* |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2009-08-20_701_2/page/1357 |last1=Broderick |first1=Avery |date=Luanistyn 2009 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/701/2/1357 |last2=Loeb |first2=Abraham |last3=Narayan |first3=Ramesh |volume=701 |issue=2 |pages=1357–1366 |arxiv=0903.1105 |bibcode=2009ApJ...701.1357B|s2cid=12991878 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

‘Sy vlein 2020, va lieh-ayrn [[Aundyr Nobel ayns Fishig]] bronnit er [[Andrea Ghez]] as [[Reinhard Genzel]] da’n eddynys oc dy nee towl doo sur-ghloutagh ta Sagittarius A*.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/press-release/ |publisher=Undinys Nobel |access-date=6 Jerrey Fouyir 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Overbye |first1=Dennis |last2=Taylor |first2=Derrick Bryson |title=Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to 3 Scientists for Work on Black Holes – The prize was awarded half to Roger Penrose for showing how black holes could form and half to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for discovering a supermassive object at the Milky Way's center |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/06/science/nobel-prize-physics.html |date=6 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=6 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cruinnaghey stoo ===
{{see also|Jysk cruinnee}}
[[Coadan:PIA18467-NuSTAR-Plot-BlackHole-BlursLight-20140812.png|thumb|Kayaghey scellyn-X faggys da towl doo ([[NuSTAR]]; 12 Luanistyn 2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;NASA-20140812&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author= |date=12 Luanistyn 2014 |title=NASA's NuSTAR Sees Rare Blurring of Black Hole Light |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-273 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813072002/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-273 |archive-date=13 Luanistyn 2014 |access-date=12 Luanistyn 2014 |website=[[NASA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Tra ta towl doo cruinnaghey stoo, ta’n gas ‘sy jysk cruinnee sthie cruinlaghey er bieauidyn feer happee kyndagh rish y niessid echey da’n towl doo. Ta’n screebey cha breeoil as dy vel eh çhiow yn jysk sthie dys çhiassidyn cha ard as dy vel mooadyn buillvollee jeh goulraght lectro-vagnaidagh ([[scell-X|scellyn-X]] er y chooid smoo) er ny cheau magh. Foddee ny moiryn scell-X shen ve cronnit lesh fodreayrtanyn. Roish my vel stoo yn jysk er ny roshtyn yn ISCO, vees mooad feer vooar dy vree ceaut magh &amp;ndash; mysh 0.057mc&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; da towl doo neu-hyndaaee ny 0.42mc&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; da towl doo bieau-hyndaaee. Y chooid smoo jeh’n vree shen (mysh 90%), t’eh er ny skeaylley magh ayns ard resoonagh beg, çheusthie jeh ard 20 keayrt ny smoo na’n craue raadeeoil ym-hayrnagh veih çheshvean y towl doo.&lt;ref name=McClintockRemillard2006 /&gt; Ayns cooishyn ennagh, ta jyskyn cruinnee ry-gheddyn laue ry laue rish [[skioot conastaghtoil|skiootyn conastaghtoil]] t’er ny vrooightey magh liorish ny puill as ad gymmyrkey cooid vooar jeh’n vree ersooyl. Cha nel yn obbrinaght da crooaght ny skiootyn shen mie toiggit foast er-yn-oyr nagh vel dy liooar fysseree ayn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=What powers a black hole's mighty jets? |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/what-powers-black-holes-mighty-jets |access-date=19 Mayrnt 2018 |work=Science {{!}} AAAS |date=19 Mee Houney 2014 |archive-date=5 Boaldyn 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505171217/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2014/11/what-powers-black-holes-mighty-jets |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Myr shen, shymmey phenomenon breeoil y tuinney t’er ny chur gys lieh cruinnaghey stoo er tuill ghoo. Myr sampleyr, t’eh credjit dy nee jyskyn cruinnee lesh tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh ad çheshveanyn co-rollageyssagh bio as [[quasar]]yn.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt; Cosoyllagh rish shen, t’eh credjit er y chooid smoo dy nee coryssyn [[rollage yeesoil|rollageyn jeesoil]] ad coryssyn scell-X jeesoil raad ta fer jeh’n daa rollage ny red çhionn ta cruinnaghey stoo veih’n chumraag echey.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt; Chammah’s shen, t’eh er ny ve moyllit dy vel eh jargal dy nee jyskyn cruinnee lesh tuill ghoo vean-ghloutagh ad [[moir scell-X erskyn-lossanagh|moiryn scell-X erskyn-lossanagh]] ennagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=L. M. |last2=Mushotzky |first2=R. F. |last3=Reynolds |first3=C. S. |title=XMM-Newton Archival Study of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Population in Nearby Galaxies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2006-10-01_649_2/page/730 |date=2006 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=649 |issue=2 |pages=730–752 |arxiv=astro-ph/0512480 |doi=10.1086/506579|bibcode=2006ApJ...649..730W|s2cid=118445260 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta rollageyderyn er cronnaghey rollageyn t’er ny ve raipit lesh forsaghyn tidee ‘sy naboonys jeeragh dy huill ghoo hur-ghloutagh ayns çheshveanyn co-rollageyssagh ayns taghyrtyn ta enmyssit [[taghyrt boirree tidee]] (TDE{{Efn|veih “tidal disruption event” y Vaarle}}). Ta cooid jeh’n stoo veih’n rollage boirrit croo jysk cruinnee mygeayrt y towl doo ta brooightey goulraght lectro-vagnaidagh cronnalagh.

Ayns Mee Houney 2011, va’n chied vaght jeh jysk cruinnee quasar mygeayrt towl doo sur-ghloutagh fogrit magh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1116/ |title=Hubble directly observes the disk around a black hole |last=information@eso.org |website=www.spacetelescope.org |access-date=7 Mayrnt 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308001224/http://spacetelescope.org/news/heic1116/ |archive-date=8 Mayrnt 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Muñoz |first1=José A. |last2=Mediavilla |first2=Evencio |last3=Kochanek |first3=Christopher S. |last4=Falco |first4=Emilio |last5=Mosquera |first5=Ana María |date=1 Mee ny Nollick 2011 |title=A Study of Gravitational Lens Chromaticity with the Hubble Space Telescope |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=742 |issue=2 |page=67 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/67 |arxiv=1107.5932 |bibcode=2011ApJ...742...67M|s2cid=119119359 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Rollageyn scell-X jeesoil ====
{{see also|Corys scell-X jeesoil}}
[[Coadan:Chandra image of Cygnus X-1.jpg|thumb|Jalloo lesh [[Reayrtlann Scell-X Chandra]] er [[Cygnus X-1]], y chied yeearreyder towl doo liklee va feddynit magh]]

[[Corys scell-X jeesoil|Coryssyn scell-X jeesoil]], she coryssyn rollageagh jeesoil t’ad ta ceau magh y chooid smoo jeh’n ghoulraght oc ‘sy lieh [[scell-X]] jeh’n spectrum. T’eh credjit dy vel ny brooightaghyn scell-X shoh taghyrtyn tra ta fer jeh ny rollageyn (y red çhionn) cruinnaghey stoo veih’n rollage (y red cadjin) elley. Ta beays rollage chadjin ayns lheid coryssyn kiarail caa da studeyryssyn y red meanagh as dy chronnaghey nee towl doo t’eh ny dyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt;

My vees lheid corys brooightey cowraghyn oddagh ve er eiyrt er-ash dys y red çhionn, cha nee towl doo vees eh. Ansherbee, cha nel assaaraght lheid cowrey faagail magh y jargaght dy nee rollage naeearaneagh ta’n red çhionn. Lesh studeyryssyn y cho-rollage s’mennick t’eh jargal dy gheddyn ny parameadaryn cruinlagh jeh’n chorys as dy gheddyn ooley da glout y red çhionn. My vees eh foddey ny smoo na cagliagh Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (y glout s’yrjey oddagh ve ec rollage roish my vees eh cohuittym er eshyn hene) cha noddagh y red ve ny rollage naeearaneagh as t’eh jerkit dy vees eh ny howl doo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Celotti |first1=A. |last2=Miller |first2=J. C. |last3=Sciama |first3=D. W. |title=Astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes |journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |volume=16 |issue=12A |pages=A3–A21 |date=1999 |arxiv=astro-ph/9912186 |doi=10.1088/0264-9381/16/12A/301 |url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/411555/files/9912186.pdf |bibcode=1999CQGra..16A...3C |s2cid=17677758 |access-date=27 Jerrey Souree 2018 |archive-date=27 Jerrey Souree 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727052939/https://cds.cern.ch/record/411555/files/9912186.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Y chied yeearreyder liklee da towl doo, [[Cygnus X-1]], v’eh feddynit magh ‘syn aght shoh lesh [[Charles Thomas Bolton]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Bolton1972&quot;/&gt; [[Louise Webster]], as [[Paul Murdin]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster1972&quot;/&gt; ‘sy vlein 1972.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Rolston |first=B. |date=10 Mee Houney 1997 |url=http://news.utoronto.ca/bin/bulletin/nov10_97/art4.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502230214/http://news.utoronto.ca/bin/bulletin/nov10_97/art4.htm |archive-date=2 Boaldyn 2008 |title=The First Black Hole |website=The bulletin |publisher=Ollooscoill Toronto |access-date=11 Mayrnt 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shipman1975&quot;/&gt;

Jiu, ta yeearreyderyn ny share da tuill ghoo ry-gheddyn mastey rang dy choryssyn scell-X jeesoil ta enmyssit shallidee scell-X vog. ‘Sy rang corys shoh, ta’n cho-rollage injil er glout ayns coreir rish y red elley ‘sy chorys; t’eh lhiggey da oolaghyn glout y towl doo ny s’cruinn. Ta ny coryssyn shen brooightey scellyn-X bio feie shiartanse dy veeghyn foddee keayrt dagh 10–50 bleeaney. Car yn earish shen dy vrooightaghyn scell-X injil, ta enmyssit taauid, s’baiht ta’n jysk cruinnee as t’eh shen lhiggey da baght cruinn jeh’n cho-rollage car yn earish shen. Ta [[V404 Cygni]] coontit mastey ny yeearreyderyn shen.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt;

===== Leaystaghyn lieh-earishagh =====
{{main|Leaystey lieh-earishagh}}

Keayrtyn, ta brooightaghyn scell-X veih jyskyn cruinnee meekey er menkidyn er lheh. Ta ny cowraghyn shen enmyssit [[leaystey lieh-earishagh|leaystaghyn lieh-earishagh]] as t’eh er credjal dy vel ad çheet ass stoo ta gleashaghey liorish yn oirr sthie jeh’n jysk cruinnee (y cruinlagh kiarkylagh shickyr sthie, ny ISCO). Kyndagh rish shen, ta’n menkid oc kianglt rish glout y red çhionn. Myr shen, foddee ad ve ymmydit myr aght caghlaaee dy chronnaghey glout ny tuill ghoo yeearree.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release |title=NASA scientists identify smallest known black hole |publisher=[[Goddard Space Flight Center]] |date=1 Averil 2008 |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-04/nsfc-nsi040108.php |access-date=14 Mayrnt 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227195554/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-04/nsfc-nsi040108.php |archive-date=27 Mee ny Nollick 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Çheshveanyn co-rollageyssagh ====
{{see also|Çheshvean co-rollageyssagh bio}}
[[Coadan:X-RayFlare-BlackHole-MilkyWay-20140105.jpg|thumb|Cronnaghey lossan [[scell-X]] feer ghial veih [[Sagittarius A*]], towl doo ayns çheshvean Raad Mooar Gorree er 5{{nbsp}}Jerrey Geuree 2015&lt;ref name=&quot;NASA-20150105&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Chou |first1=Felicia |last2=Anderson |first2=Janet |last3=Watzke |first3=Megan |date=5 Jerrey Geuree 2015 |title=RELEASE 15-001 – NASA's Chandra Detects Record-Breaking Outburst from Milky Way's Black Hole |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/january/nasa-s-chandra-detects-record-breaking-outburst-from-milky-way-s-black-hole/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106100532/http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/january/nasa-s-chandra-detects-record-breaking-outburst-from-milky-way-s-black-hole/ |archive-date=6 Jerrey Geuree 2015 |access-date=6 Jerrey Geuree 2015 |website=[[NASA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

Ta rollageyderyn gymmydey yn çhiarrym “co-rollageys bio” dy hoilshaghey co-rollageyssyn as troyn quaagh oc, lheid as brooightaghyn [[linney spectragh]] quaagh as brooightaghyn radio feer niartal. Ny studeyryssyn sheiltynagh as baghtagh t’er ny haishbyney ny keimyn ard dy vioyrid, ardjyn ta enmyssit çheshveanyn co-rollageyssagh bio (AGN{{Efn|veih “active galactic nuclei” y Vaarle}}) foddee dy vel ad meenit lesh faare tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh millioonyn dy cheayrtyn ny smoo gloutagh na tuill ghoo rollageagh. Ta ny kiaddaghyn AGN shoh cummal towl doo meanagh oddagh ve ny millioonyn ny ny billoonyn dy cheayrtyn ny smoo gloutagh na’n [[Yn Ghrian|Ghrian]] ain; jysk dy [[gas eddyr-rollageagh|ghas]] as joan eddyr-rollageagh ta enmyssit jysk cruinnee; as daa [[skioot conastaghtoil|skioot]] kern-jeeragh rish y jysk cruinnee.&lt;ref name=&quot;krolik1999&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=J. H. |last=Krolik |date=1999 |title=Active Galactic Nuclei |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-01151-6 |at=Ch. 1.2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oRK8otMiWIgC&amp;q=Active+Galactic+Nuclei |access-date=16 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |archive-date=14 Luanistyn 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814220336/https://books.google.com/books?id=oRK8otMiWIgC&amp;q=Active+Galactic+Nuclei |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sparkegallagher2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=L. S. |last1=Sparke |author-link=Linda Sparke |first2=J. S. |last2=Gallagher |date=2000 |title=Galaxies in the Universe: An Introduction |publisher=Cambridge University Press |at=Ch. 9.1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N8Hngab5liQC&amp;q=Galaxies+in+the+Universe:+An+Introduction |isbn=978-0-521-59740-1 |access-date=16 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |archive-date=22 Mayrnt 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322141933/https://books.google.com/books?id=N8Hngab5liQC&amp;q=Galaxies+in+the+Universe%3A+An+Introduction |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ga dy vel eh jerkit dy vel tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh ry-gheddyn ‘sy chooid smoo jeh AGN, cha nel studeyryssyn er ny ve jeant agh er kuse veg dy heshveanyn co-rollageyssagh as rollageyderyn jannoo eab dy enmyssey as dy howshan gloutyn rieugh tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh veanagh yeearree. Fir jeh ny co-rollageyssyn smoo ard-ghooagh as tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh yeearree oc, t’ad goaill stiagh [[Co-rollageys y Ven Gheulit]], [[Messier 32|M32]], [[Messier 87|M87]], [[NGC 3115]], [[NGC 3377]], [[NGC 4258]], [[NGC 4889]], [[NGC 1277]], [[OJ 287]], [[APM 08279+5255]], as y [[Yn Co-rollageys Sombrero|Co-rollageys Sombrero]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kormendyrichstone1995&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |first1=J. |last1=Kormendy |first2=D. |last2=Richstone |title=Inward Bound – The Search For Supermassive Black Holes In Galactic Nuclei |journal=Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=1995 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=581–624 |bibcode=1995ARA&amp;A..33..581K |doi=10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.003053}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nish, ta soiagh jeant dy vel mean begnagh dagh co-rollageys, co-rollageyssyn bio as co-rollageyssyn elley, cummal towl doo sur-ghloutagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;King&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=King |first=A. |title=Black Holes, Galaxy Formation, and the MBH-σ Relation |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2003-10-10_596_1/page/27 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=596 |issue=1 |pages=27–29 |date=2003 |doi=10.1086/379143 |arxiv=astro-ph/0308342|bibcode=2003ApJ...596L..27K|s2cid=9507887 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta co-cheintys baghtagh çhionn eddyr glout y towl shoh as y scaalhean bieauid-jeerit jeh [[boogh co-rollageyssagh|boogh]] y cho-rollageys, ta enmyssit y [[mooinjerys M–sigma]], cur sannish da kiangley eddyr crooaght y towl doo as crooaght y cho-rollageys hene.&lt;ref name=&quot;msigma2000&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |title=A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2000-08-10_539_1/page/9 |last1=Ferrarese |first1=L. |last2=Merritt |first2=D. |author2-link=David Merritt |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=539 |issue=1 |pages=9–12 |date=2000 |bibcode=2000ApJ...539L...9F |doi=10.1086/312838 |arxiv=astro-ph/0006053 |s2cid=6508110}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Meegra-lensaghey ===
Foddee dooghys towl doo jeh red ve er ny phrowal trooid baghtal jeh ny h-eiyrtyssyn ta jeant lesh ream ym-hayrnagh niartal ‘sy çhymmyltaght oc. Ta’n lensaghey ym-hayrnagh coontit mastey ny h-eiyrtyssyn shen. Ta mee-chummey yn spoar-hraa mygeayrt red gloutagh cur rish aawoalley ny çhyndaa scellyn soilshey, gollrish soilshey ta goll trooid [[lensey]] shilleydagh. Ta baghtyn er ny ve jeant er lensaghey ym-hayrnagh annoonagh, raad nagh vel ny scellyn soilshey er ny hyndaa agh er reggyryn dy [[arcthootçhey|arcthootçhaghyn]]. Ta [[meegra-lensaghey]] taghyrtyn mannagh vel ny moiryn cruinn as my ta’n baghtallagh fakin giallaghey beg. ‘Syn aght shoh, haghyr cronnaghey yn chied tree tuill ghoo yeearree ec cassey yn villey bleeaney shoh,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Bennett |first1=D. P. |last2=Becker |first2=A. C. |last3=Quinn |first3=J. L. |last4=Tomaney |first4=A. B. |last5=Alcock |first5=C. |last6=Allsman |first6=R. A. |last7=Alves |first7=D. R. |last8=Axelrod |first8=T. S. |last9=Calitz |first9=J. J. |last10=Cook |first10=K. H. |last11=Drake |first11=A. J. |last12=Fragile |first12=P. C. |last13=Freeman |first13=K. C. |last14=Geha |first14=M. |last15=Griest |first15=K. |date=1 Mee Houney 2002 |title=Gravitational Microlensing Events Due to Stellar-Mass Black Holes |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ApJ...579..639B/abstract |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=579 |issue=2 |pages=639–659 |doi=10.1086/342225 |arxiv=astro-ph/0109467 |bibcode=2002ApJ...579..639B |issn=0004-637X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Mao |first1=Shude |last2=Smith |first2=Martin C. |last3=Woźniak |first3=P. |last4=Udalski |first4=A. |last5=Szymański |first5=M. |last6=Kubiak |first6=M. |last7=Pietrzyński |first7=G. |last8=Soszyński |first8=I. |last9=Żebruń |first9=K. |date=1 Jerrey Geuree 2002 |title=Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment OGLE-1999-BUL-32: the longest ever microlensing event - evidence for a stellar mass black hole? |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=329 |issue=2 |pages=349–354 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.04986.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=astro-ph/0108312 |bibcode=2002MNRAS.329..349M |issn=0035-8711}}&lt;/ref&gt; as ayns Jerrey Geuree 2022, ren rollageyderyn fogrey magh y chied chronnaghey jeh taghyrt meegra-lensaghey veih towl doo anerit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sahu&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |arxiv=2201.13296 |last1=Sahu |first1=K. C. |title=An Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Hole Detected Through Astrometric Microlensing |journal=Astrophysical Journal|date=2022|volume=933 |issue=1 |page=83 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e |bibcode=2022ApJ...933...83S |s2cid=246430448 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

She jargaght elley da cronnaghey lensaghey ym-hayrnagh y baghtal jeh rollageyn as ad cruinlaghey towl doo. Ta yeearreyderyn ennagh ayn da lheid cronnaghey ta cruinlaghey [[Sagittarius A*]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bozza&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |arxiv=0911.2187 |last1=Bozza |first1=V. |title=Gravitational Lensing by Black Holes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_general-relativity-and-gravitation_2010-09_42_9/page/2269 |journal=General Relativity and Gravitation |issue=9 |date=2010 |pages=2269–2300 |doi=10.1007/s10714-010-0988-2 |bibcode=2010GReGr..42.2269B |volume=42 |s2cid=118635353}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Caghlaayssyn ==
{{see also|Rollage andooghyssagh}}

Ga dy vel cooish as bun mie ayn da tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh, ta’n kiaddey da tuill ghoo rollageagh croghit er beays cagliagh s’yrjey da glout rollageyn naeearaneagh: reddyn t’er ny ve cronnit, t’ad gra dy nee tuill ghoo t’ad, eer gyn feanish kinjagh.  Ansherbee, cha nel troyn stoo gloo mie toiggit. Oddagh [[paase (stoo)|paaseyn stoo]] andooghyssagh noa lhiggey da sorçhyn elley dy reddyn gloutagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt; Foddee paase dy [[quark|wharkyn]] ec ard-ghlooaght lhiggey da beays rollageyn quark gloo,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kovacs |first1=Z. |last2=Cheng |first2=K. S. |last3=Harko |first3=T. |title=Can stellar mass black holes be quark stars? |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |date=2009 |volume=400 |issue=3 |pages=1632–1642 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15571.x |doi-access=free |arxiv=0908.2672 |bibcode=2009MNRAS.400.1632K |s2cid=18263809}}&lt;/ref&gt; as ta kiaddaghyn [[sur-himmeadraght|sur-himmeadragh]] ennagh faaishnaghey beays [[rollage Q|rollageyn Q]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite arXiv |eprint=hep-ph/0612159 |first1=A. |last1=Kusenko |title=Properties and signatures of supersymmetric Q-balls |date=2006 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sheeyntaghtyn ennagh jeh’n [[Yn Kiaddey Stundayrtagh|Chiaddey Stundayrtagh]] treeal beays [[preon]]yn myr blick hroggee vunneydagh quarkyn as [[leptane]]yn, oddagh croo [[rollage phreon|rollageyn preon]] dy sheiltynagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hansson |first1=J. |last2=Sandin |first2=F. |title=Preon stars: a new class of cosmic compact objects |journal=Physics Letters B |volume=616 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–7 |date=2005 |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2005.04.034 |arxiv=astro-ph/0410417 |bibcode=2005PhLB..616....1H |s2cid=119063004}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oddagh ny kiaddaghyn sheiltynit shen ceau soilshey er shiartanse dy vaghtyn dy huill ghoo rollageagh yeearree. Ansherbee, foddee eh ve taishbynit veih resoonaghtyn ‘sy chonastaght chadjin dy vees glout s’yrjey ec lheid red.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt;

Er-yn-oyr dy vel glooaght y towl doo çheusthie jeh craue raadeeoil Schwarzschild echey ayns coreir contraartagh rish e ghlout er ny vishaghey lesh hene, ta tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh foddey ny sloo gloo na tuill ghoo rollageagh. Ta glooaght veanagh towl doo {{Solar mass|{{10^|8}}}} er glout cosoyllagh rish glooaght ushtey.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt; Myr shen, ta shin toiggal fishig y stoo ta croo towl doo sur-gloutagh ny share as s’dree ta ny soilsheydyssyn caghlaaee jargal da baghtyn jeh tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh. Myr sampleyr, oddagh towl doo sur-ghloutagh ve er ny chiaddey lesh çhaglym mooar dy reddyn feer ghorraghey. Ansherbee, cha nel lheid caghlaayssyn cha shickyr as dy vel ad soilshaghey tuill ghoo hur-ghloutagh yeearree.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMS1999&quot; /&gt;

Ta shiartanse dy reddyn sheiltynagh er ny ve piyrit rish baghtyn dy huill ghoo rollageydagh yeearree dy jarroo ny begnagh dy jarroo,&lt;ref name=&quot;Murk2023&quot;/&gt; agh ta gobbraghey lesh obbrinaght elley. T’ad goaill stiagh y [[gravastar]],{{Efn|veih “gravitational vacuum star” y Vaarle, ny “rollage folmid ym-hayrnagh” ‘sy Ghaelg}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Mazur |first1=Pawel O. |last2=Mottola |first2=Emil |title=Gravitational vacuum condensate stars |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=101 |issue=26 |date=2004 |pages=9545–9550 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0402717101 |doi-access=free |pmid=15210982 |pmc=470711 |arxiv=gr-qc/0407075 |bibcode=2004PNAS..101.9545M |s2cid=2607263}}&lt;/ref&gt; y [[rollage ghoo (ym-hayrn lieh-chlassicagh)|rollage ghoo]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Choi |first1=Charles Q. |title=Black Hole Pretenders Could Really Be Bizarre Quantum Stars |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/black-hole-pretenders-could-really-be-bizarre-quantum-stars/ |access-date=17 Mayrnt 2018 |work=Scientific American |date=2018 |archive-date=17 Mean Souree 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617164631/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/black-hole-pretenders-could-really-be-bizarre-quantum-stars/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; y [[nestar]]{{Efn|veih “nested star” y Vaarle, ny “rollage chlussit” ‘sy Ghaelg}} mooinjeragh,&lt;ref name=&quot;SA-20240220&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=McRae |first=Mike |title=Bubble-Like 'Stars Within Stars' Could Explain Black Hole Weirdness |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/bubble-like-stars-within-stars-could-explain-black-hole-weirdness |date=20 Toshiaght Arree 2024 |work=[[ScienceAlert]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240220150012/https://www.sciencealert.com/bubble-like-stars-within-stars-could-explain-black-hole-weirdness |archive-date=20 February 2024 |access-date=20 Toshiaght Arree 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; as y [[rollage vree dorraghey]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ball |first1=Philip |title=Black holes 'do not exist' |journal=Nature |date=31 Mayrnt 2005 |doi=10.1038/news050328-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Feyshtyn foshlit ==
=== Entropaght as çhiass-niartallaght===
{{further|Çhiass-niartallaght towl doo|Cagliagh Bekenstein}}
{{Image frame|content={{bigmath|1=''S'' = {{sfrac|1|4}} {{sfrac|''c''{{sup|3}}''k'' |''Għ''}} ''A''}}|caption=Y formley da entropaght Bekenstein–Hawking ({{mvar|S}}) jeh towl doo, ta croghey er eaghtyr y towl doo ({{mvar|A}}). Ny beayn-earrooyn, t’ad goaill stiagh [[bieauid hollys]] ({{mvar|c}}), [[beayn-earroo Boltzmann]] ({{mvar|k}}), [[beayn-earroo Newton]] ({{mvar|G}}), as [[beayn-earroo leodit Planck]] ({{mvar|ħ}}). Ayns unnidyn Planck, t’eh er ny leodaghey dys {{math|1=''S'' = {{sfrac|''A''|4}}}}.|width=220}}

‘Sy vlein 1971, haishbyn Hawking fo foaynooyn cadjin{{Efn|Dooyrt eh er lheh dy row dagh stoo cooilleeney [[foaynoo yn vree annoonagh]].}} nagh voddagh slane eaghtyr ny scell-linnaghyn taghyrt ayns çhaglym erbee dy huill ghoo leodaghey, eer my jinnagh ad covuilley as covestey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hawking |first=S. W. |title=Gravitational Radiation from Colliding Black Holes |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=26 |issue=21 |pages=1344–1346 |date=1971 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.26.1344 |bibcode=1971PhRvL..26.1344H}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yn eiyrtys shen, ta enmyssit y [[nah leigh yn obbrinaght towl doo|nah leigh jeh’n obbrinaght towl doo]], t’eh feer chosoyllagh rish [[nah leigh y çhiass-niartallaght]], ta gra nagh vod slane entropaght ayns corys anerit dy leodaghey. Cosoyllagh rish reddyn classicagh ec [[neunhee absaloidagh]], v’eh raait dy row neunhee entropaght ec tuill ghoo. My row eh shen feer, veagh y nah leigh jeh’n çhiass-niartallaght er ny vrishey lesh stoo lane lesh entropaght goll stiagh ‘sy towl doo as cur rish leodaghey slane entropaght y tuinney. Kyndagh rish shen, ren Bekenstein treeal dy lhisagh entropaght ve ec towl doo as dy lhisagh eh ve ayns coreir rish eaghtyr y scell-linney echey.&lt;ref name=&quot;wald99&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Wald |first=R. M. |title=The Thermodynamics of Black Holes |journal=Living Reviews in Relativity |volume=4 |issue=1 |article-number=6 |date=2001 |arxiv=gr-qc/9912119 |bibcode=2001LRR.....4....6W |doi=10.12942/lrr-2001-6 |doi-access=free |pmid=28163633 |pmc=5253844}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hie yn kiangley rish leighyn y çhiass-niartallaght er ny niartaghey lesh yn eddynys lesh Hawking ‘sy vlein 1974 dy row sheiltynys ream quantum faaishnaghey dy vel towl doo goulraghey [[goulraght chorpane doo]] er beayn-çhiassid. T’eh jeeaghyn dy vel eh shen cur rish brishey yn nah leigh jeh obbrinaght towl doo, er-yn-oyr dy nee yn ghoulraght gymmyrkey bree ersooyl veih’n towl doo as cur rish e leodaghey. Ta’n ghoulraght gymmyrkey entropaght ersooyl chammah, as foddee eh dy phrowal fo treealtyssyn cadjin dy vel sym entropaght y stoo mygeayrt towl doo as un chiarroo jeh eaghtyr y scell-linney myr ta towshit ayns unnidyn Planck mooadaghey dy beayn. T’eh shoh lhiggey da formlaghey yn chied leigh jeh obbrinaght towl doo myr cosoyllaght rish y chied leigh jeh’n çhiass-niartallaght, raad ta glout ny hassoo ayns ynnyd bree, yn ym-hayrn eaghtyragh myr çhiassid, as yn eaghtyr myr entropaght.&lt;ref name=&quot;wald99&quot; /&gt;

Ansherbee, ta boirrey ayn ‘sy tro raad ta entropaght towl doo scaailey rish yn eaghtyr echey ayns ynnyd e hummid, er-yn-oyr er lheh dy nee [[troyn intensagh as eckstensagh|mooadys eckstensagh]] t’eh dy cadjin ta scaailey dy linnagh rish thummid y chorys. Chur y tro quaagh shen [[Gerard 't Hooft]] as [[Leonard Susskind]] rish treealtys y [[prinsabyl holografagh|phrinsabyl holografagh]]. Rere y prinsabyl shoh, red erbee ta taghyrtyn ayns thummid dy spoar-hraa, oddagh eh ve soilshit lesh fysseree er cagliagh y thummid shen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last='t Hooft|first=G.|title=Basics and Highlights in Fundamental Physics|publisher=[[World Scientific Publishing]]|year=2001|isbn=978-981-02-4536-8|editor-last=Zichichi|editor-first=A.|series=Subnuclear series|volume=37|pages=72–100|chapter=The Holographic Principle|bibcode=2001bhfp.conf...72T&lt;!--|doi=10.1142/9789812811585_0005--&gt;|arxiv=hep-th/0003004|s2cid=119383028}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ga dy vel eh jargal y chonastaght chadjin y ymmydey dy yannoo co-earroo lieh-chlassicagh jeh entropaght towl doo, cha nel y soiaghey shoh cooilleenagh dy sheiltynagh. ‘Syn [[obbrinaght staddyssaghtoil]], ta’n entropaght toiggit myr coontey earroo ny reaghyn mynreayrtagh ayns corys as ny qualleeaghtyn mooar-reayrtagh cheddin oc, lheid as glout, lughtey, as broo. Gyn sheiltynys cooilleenagh jeh’n ym-hayrn quantum, cha nod lheid co-earroo da tuill ghoo dy yannoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Kiefer |first=C. |date=12 Jerrey Geuree 2006 |title=Quantum gravity: general introduction and recent developments |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.200651801-210 |journal=Annalen der Physik |language=Baarle |volume=518 |issue=1–2 |pages=129–148 |doi=10.1002/andp.200651801-210 |issn=0003-3804|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lhiasaghey ennagh er ny ve jeant ayns saaseyn eigsoylagh da’n ym-hayrn quantum. ‘Sy vlein 1995, haishbyn [[Andrew Strominger]] as [[Cumrun Vafa]] dy nee co-earroo meegra-staydyn towl doo sur-himmeadragh er lheh ‘sy çheiltynys streng aaghientyn entropaght Bekenstein–Hawking.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Strominger |first1=A. |last2=Vafa |first2=C. |title=Microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physics-letters-b_1996-06-27_379_1-4/page/99 |journal=Physics Letters B |volume=379 |issue=1–4 |pages=99–104 |date=1996 |doi=10.1016/0370-2693(96)00345-0 |arxiv=hep-th/9601029 |bibcode=1996PhLB..379...99S |s2cid=1041890}}&lt;/ref&gt; Veih’n cho-earroo shen, ta eiyrtyssyn cosoyllagh er ny ve fogrit magh da tuill ghoo elley ‘sy çheiltynys streng as ayns saaseyn elley da’n ym-hayrn quantum lheid as [[ym-hayrn quantum lhoob]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Carlip |first1=S. |title=Physics of Black Holes |volume=769 |pages=89–123 |date=2009 &lt;!--|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-88460-6_3 --&gt; |arxiv=0807.4520 |series=Lecture Notes in Physics |isbn=978-3-540-88459-0|bibcode=2009LNP...769...89C |chapter=Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics|location=Berleen |publisher=Springer |s2cid=15877702 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sou-cheeall coayl fysseree ===
{{main|Sou-cheeall fysseree towl doo}}
{{unsolved|fishig|Vel fysseree ishigagh er coayl ayns tuill ghoo?}}

Coardail rish y çhoarym gyn gruag, as er-yn-oyr nagh vel agh kuse veg dy pharameadaryn sthie ec tuill ghoo, ta’n chooid smoo jeh ny fysseree bentyn rish y stoo hie stiagh ayns crooaght y towl doo er coayl. Gyn scansh da’n torçh dy stoo ta goll stiagh ayns towl doo, t’eh jeeaghyn nagh vel freilt agh fysseree bentyn rish slane glout, lughtey, as momentum uillinagh. Tra v’eh er credjal dy row tuill ghoo farraghtyn er son dy bragh, cha row feysht ny crampys ayn bentyn rish y choayl fysseree, myr v’eh credjit dy row ny fysseree farraghtyn çheusthie jeh’n towl doo, neuroshtynagh veih’n theihll mooie, agh er ny hoylley er y scell-linney haghyrt ayns coreiraght rish y phrinsabyl holografagh. Ansherbee, ta tuill ghoo gaalaghey lesh brooightey goulraght Hawking. Cha nel y ghoulraght shoh gymmyrkey brash fysseree, s’liklee, bentyn rish y stoo chroo yn towl doo; t’eh meenaghey dy vel ny fysseree shen er coayl son dy bragh.&lt;ref name=&quot;PlayDice000&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Does God Play Dice? |first=S. W. |last=Hawking |url=http://www.hawking.org.uk/does-god-play-dice.html |website=www.hawking.org.uk |access-date=14 Mayrnt 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111012413/http://www.hawking.org.uk/does-god-play-dice.html |archive-date=11 Jerrey Geuree 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta’n feysht bentyn rish coayl fysseree ny dyn ayns tuill ghoo (y [[sou-cheeall fysseree towl doo|tou-cheeall fysseree towl doo]]) er ny rheynn magh boodeeys ny fishigee heiltynagh. ‘Syn obbrinaght quntum, ta coayl fysseree coreggyrt rish brish tro ta enmyssit [[unnaneaghtaght (fishig)|unnaneaghtaght]], as t’eh er ny ve resoonit dy jinnagh coayl unnaneaghtaght keeayllaghey brishey freayltys bree chammah,&lt;ref name=&quot;giddings1995&quot;&gt;{{cite conference |first=S. B. |last=Giddings |title=The black hole information paradox |arxiv=hep-th/9508151 |book-title=Particles, Strings and Cosmology |date=1995 |conference=Johns Hopkins Workshop on Current Problems in Particle Theory 19 and the PASCOS Interdisciplinary Symposium 5 |bibcode=1995hep.th....8151G}}&lt;/ref&gt; ga dy vel ourys ayn ec fishigee elley bentyn rish.&lt;ref name=&quot;unruh2017&quot;/&gt; Harrish ny bleeantyn jerree, ta feanish er ny hroggal dy vel fysseree as unnaneaghtaght freilt ayns slane dellal ym-hayrnagh quantum da’n eysht.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite conference |first=S. D. |last=Mathur |title=The information paradox: conflicts and resolutions |journal=Pramana |date=2011 |volume=79 |issue=5 |pages=1059–1073 |conference=XXV International Symposium on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies |arxiv=1201.2079 |bibcode=2012Prama..79.1059M |doi=10.1007/s12043-012-0417-z}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta [[co-reggyrtaght towl doo]] çheet er un eab dy eaysley souch-cheeall fysseree towl doo. ‘Sy vlein 2012, va’n &quot;[[Boalley aile (fishig)|sou-cheeall boalley aile]]&quot; currit stiagh son dy haishbyney dy vel co-reggyrtaght towl doo failleil dy eaysley yn tou-cheeall fysseree. Coardail rish [[sheiltynys ream quantum ayns spoar-hraa cruillagh]], ta [[Goulraght chorpane doo|un vrooightey]] dy ghoulraght Hawking goaill stiagh daa loag [[thranglym quantum|cho-hranglit]]. Abbyr dy row towl doo er ny chroo traa caglit ‘sy traa t’er n’gholl shaghey as dy vees eh er ny ghaalaghey traa caglit ‘sy traa ta ry-heet; nee eh brooightey magh fysseree choadit chaglit çheusthie jeh goulraght Hawking echey. Coardail rish ronaght lesh fishigee lheid as [[Don Page (fishigaght)|Don Page]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Page |first1=Don N. |title=Information in black hole radiation |journal=[[Phys. Rev. Lett.]] |date=1993 |volume=71 |issue=23 |pages=3743–3746 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3743 |pmid=10055062 |bibcode=1993PhRvL..71.3743P |arxiv=hep-th/9306083 |citeseerx=10.1.1.267.174|s2cid=9363821 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Page |first1=Don N. |title=Average entropy of a subsystem |journal=[[Phys. Rev. Lett.]] |date=1993 |volume=71 |issue=9 |pages=1291–1294 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1291 |pmid=10055503 |bibcode=1993PhRvL..71.1291P |arxiv=gr-qc/9305007 |citeseerx=10.1.1.339.7694|s2cid=17058654 }}&lt;/ref&gt; as Leonard Susskind, bee traa ayn roish my vees floag magh er ny hranglym rish dagh fer jeh goulraght Hawking t’er ny ve brooightit magh hannah hene.

T’eh jeeaghyn dy vel shoh croo sou-cheeal: ta’n prinsabyl ta enmyssit “[[uncheillaghys thraglym]]” geignaghey, gollrish corys elley erbee, nagh vel floag magh lowit dy ve slane thranglit rish daa chorys elley ec y traa cheddin; agh, t’eh jeeaghyn dy vel y loag magh shen thranglit rish y loag stiagh as, dy seyr, rish goulraght Hawking hie shaghey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Merali |first1=Zeeya |title=Astrophysics: Fire in the hole! |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2013-04-04_496_7443/page/20 |journal=Nature |date=3 Averil 2013 |volume=496 |issue=7443 |pages=20–23 |doi=10.1038/496020a |pmid=23552926 |bibcode=2013Natur.496...20M |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Son dy easley yn contraartys shen, shegin da fishigee, foddee, fer jeh’n tree prinsabyl prowit dy cheau ass nyn ging oc: prinsabyl co-hrimmid Einstein, unnaneaghtaght, ny sheiltynys ream quantum ynnydagh. Ta feaysley jantagh ayn, ta brishey prinsabyl y cho-hrimmid, ta gra dy vel “boalley aile” ayn ta scryssey floagyn stiagh ec y scell-linney haghyrt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Amheiri | first1 = Ahmed | last2 = Marolf | first2 = Donald | last3 = Polchinski | first3 = Joseph | last4 = Sully | first4 = James | title = Black holes: Complementarity or Firewalls? | journal = Journal of High Energy Physics | date = 2013 | volume = 2013 | issue = 2 | page = 62 | doi = 10.1007/JHEP02(2013)062| arxiv = 1207.3123 | bibcode = 2013JHEP...02..062A | s2cid = 55581818 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dy cadjin, s’doillee dy ghraa quoi jeu—my vees fer ayn—lhisagh ve er ny hreigeil as t’eh foast coontit myr bun-chooish resoonaght.&lt;ref name=&quot;unruh2017&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first1=William G. |last1=Unruh |first2=Robert M. |last2=Wald |author-link1=W. G. Unruh |author-link2=Robert Wald |title=Information loss |journal=[[Reports on Progress in Physics]] |year=2017 |volume=80 |issue=9 |page=092002 |doi=10.1088/1361-6633/aa778e |pmid=28585922 |arxiv=1703.02140 |bibcode=2017RPPh...80i2002U|s2cid=39957660 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayns far-skeealaght sheanse ==
{{main|Tuill ghoo ayns far-skeealaght}}

Ta’n fillym [[far-skeealaght heanse]]  ''[[Interstellar (fillym)|Interstellar]]'' lesh [[Christopher Nolan]] veih’n vlein 2014 taishbyney towl doo ta enmyssit Gargantua, y red meanagh ayns corys planaidagh ayns co-rollageys foddey voin. Ren y sheelnaue roshtyn y corys shoh trooid [[towl beishteig]] ayns [[Corys ny Greiney]] mooie, faggys da [[Sarn (planaid)|Sarn]].

== Jeeagh er neesht ==
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Black Hole Initiative]]
* [[Blanaid]]
* [[Brane doo]] ny [[streng doo]]
* [[Cah Susskind–Hawking]]
* [[Corys jeesoil airhey]]
* [[Kugelblitz (fishig rollageagh)]]
* [[Rollage ghorraghey (stoo dorraghey)]]
* [[Rollage Planck]]
* [[Rolley tuill ghoo]]
* [[Rolley ny tuill ghoo s'niessey]]
* [[Saagh spoar towl doo]]
* [[Towl bane]]
* [[Towl doo BTZ]]
* [[Towl doo sheiltynagh (reddaghey)]]
* [[Towl doo sonnagh]]
* [[Towl doo soyllee]]
* [[Traa-linney fishig ny tuill ghoo]]
* [[Tuill ghoo ayns far-skeealaght]]
{{div col end}}

== Noteyn ==
{{notelist}}

== Imraaghyn ==
{{reflist|20em}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{Sister project links|d=Q589|voy=no|wikt=towl doo|c=Category:Black holes|n=Category:Black holes|s=no|b=General Astronomy/Black holes/Introduction}}
* {{In Our Time|Black Holes|p00547f4|Black_Holes}} {{in lang|en}}
* ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'': &quot;[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-singularities/ Singularities and Black Holes]&quot; lesh Erik Curiel as Peter Bokulich. {{in lang|en}}
* [https://hubblesite.org/contents/articles/black-holes.html Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull] – Ynnyd-eggey yl-veanagh eddyr-obbree bentyn rish fishig as rollageydys tuill ghoo veih'n Space Telescope Science Institute (HubbleSite) {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.esa.int/gsp/ACT/phy/Projects/Blackholes/WebGL.html Black Hole Visualization] lesh yn [[Yn Jantys Spoar Oarpagh|ESA]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503070935/https://www.esa.int/gsp/ACT/phy/Projects/Blackholes/WebGL.html |date=3 Boaldyn 2019 }} {{in lang|en}}
* [https://apod.nasa.gov/htmltest/gifcity/bh_pub_faq.html Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Black Holes] {{in lang|en}}

=== Feeshanyn ===
* [https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso0846b/ Studeyrys 16 bleeaney geiyrt er rollageyn ta cruinlaghey Sagittarius A*] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040925044354/http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ir/GC/index.php Feeshan jeh Yeearreyder Towl Doo veih Undinys Max Planck] {{in lang|en}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Cowen |first1=Ron |title=3D simulations of colliding black holes hailed as most realistic yet |journal=Nature |date=20 Averil 2015 |doi=10.1038/nature.2015.17360 |doi-access=free |ref=none}} {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35524440 Computer visualisation of the signal detected by LIGO] {{in lang|en}}

{{Tuill ghoo}}
{{Conastaght}}
{{Bun-chooishyn y çheiltynys streng}}
{{Gurneil eaghtyrys}}

[[Ronney:Tuill ghoo| ]]
[[Ronney:Smooinaghtyn 'sy rollageydys]]
[[Ronney:Co-rollageyssyn]]
[[Ronney:Singyltaghtyn ym-hayrnagh]]
[[Ronney:Conastaght chadjin]]</text>
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    <title>Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica</title>
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{{Kishtey fys clou
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|fo-heidyl=
|kiangley= [http://books.google.com/books?id=XJwx0lnKvOgC&amp;printsec=frontcover#PPP2,M1 Lhaih eddyrlhieen]
|ughtar= [[Isaac Newton]]
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|lhaideraght=
|colught= Yn [[Royal Society]]
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|çhengey= Ladjyn
|rss= 
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Lioar feddynyn ayns [[fishig]] as [[calghoolys]] fo ennym [[Ladjyn]]agh eh '''''Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica''''' (''Prinsabylyn Maddaghtoil er Fallsoonaght Najooragh''). Va'n lioar shoh soilshit magh ec [[Isaac Newton]] 'sy vlein [[1687]]. Va keim vooar ee shoh ayns shennaghys ny h-[[oaylleaght]]. Ta tree lioaryn 'sy hoilshaghey shoh.

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons category|Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180909104431/http://sites.trin.cam.ac.uk/manuscripts/NQ_16_200/manuscript.php?fullpage=1%2F Lioarlann Cholleish y Trinaid, Cambridge] &amp;ndash; Lhieggan bun-earrooit jeh coip Newton lesh noteyn {{la jalloo}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=XJwx0lnKvOgC&amp;pg=PP2 1687: ''Principia'' lesh Newton, y chied lhieggan (1687)] {{la jalloo}}
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28233 Project Gutenberg] {{la jalloo}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519042714/https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/wihibe/content/titleinfo/338618 ETH-Bibliothek Zürich] &amp;ndash; y nah lhieggan {{la jalloo}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230519042709/https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/wihibe/content/titleinfo/338026 ETH-Bibliothek Zürich] &amp;ndash; y trass lhieggan {{la jalloo}}
* Andrew Motte, 1729, y chied çhyndaa 'sy Vaarle jeh'n trass lhieggan (1726)
** [[s:The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1729)|WikiSource, Ayrn]]
** [https://books.google.com/books?id=Tm0FAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA1 Google books, ym-lioar&amp;nbsp;1 lesh y Lioar 1].
** [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6EqxPav3vIsC/page/n20 &lt;!-- pg=1 --&gt; Internet Archive, ym-lioar&amp;nbsp;2 lesh Lioaryn 2 as 3]. (Ta Lioar 3 toshiaghey er [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6EqxPav3vIsC/page/n224 dg.200].) (ta metafysseree Google cur y lipaid meechiart (ymlioar 1) er shoh).

{{Gurneil eaghtyrys}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica}}
[[Ronney:Oaylleeaght ayns ny 1680yn]]
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[[Ronney:Oaylleeaght 'sy vlein 1687]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn 'sy Ladjyn]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn veih'n vlein 1713]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn veih'n vlein 1726]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn neu-farskeealaght veih'n vlein 1726]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn lesh Isaac Newton]]
[[Ronney:Bun-chaghlaa Copernicagh]]
[[Ronney:Soilshaghyn fishig shenndeeagh]]
[[Ronney:Teksyn prose 'sy Ladjyn]]
[[Ronney:Teksyn 'sy Ladjyn]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn maddaght]]
[[Ronney:Fallsoonys najooragh]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn fishig]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn bentyn rish fallsoonys y vaddaght]]
[[Ronney:Traghtyssyn]]
[[Ronney:Lioaryn bentyn rish fallsoonys yn ishig]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Galloish</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4403" sha1="dqhz0k4uemioeqhetvb2id5kb9jaslt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| ennym            = Galloish
| ennymdooghyssagh = ''Galo''
| steatyn          = Y Rank
| ard              = [[Breizh-Uhel]] ([[Aodoù-an-Arvor]], [[Il-ha-Gwilen]], [[Liger-Atlantel]], [[Mor-Bihan]]) as ayrnyn jeh [[Diucaght Anjou|Anjou]] as [[Maine (queiggey)|Maine]] ([[Mayenne]] as [[Maine-et-Loire]])
| loayreyderyn     = eddyr 29,060 &lt;small&gt;(ool. 1999)&lt;/small&gt; dys 200,000 &lt;small&gt;(ool. 2008; 2013)&lt;/small&gt;; 197,000 &lt;small&gt;(ool. 2018)&lt;/small&gt;; 132,000 &lt;small&gt;(ool. 2024)&lt;/small&gt;
| daah kynney      = Ind-Oarpagh
| fam2             = [[Çhengaghyn Iddaalagh|Iddaalagh]]
| fam3             = [[Çhengaghyn Ladjyno-Faliscagh|Ladjyno-Faliscagh]]
| fam4             = [[Ladjyn]]
| fam5             = [[Çhengaghyn Romanagh|Romanagh]]
| fam6             = [[Çhengaghyn Iddaalagh Heear|Iddaalagh Heear]]
| fam7             = [[Çhengaghyn Romanagh Heear|Romanagh Heear]]
| fam8             = [[Çhengaghyn Goal-Romanagh|Goal]]-[[Çhengaghyn Romanagh Ibeiragh|Ibeiragh]]&lt;ref name=&quot;glottoGI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shif1234 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127113834/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shif1234 |archive-date=2023-11-27 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Undinys Max Planck cour Antrapoaylleeaght Aafilleydagh]] |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fam9             = [[Çhengaghyn Goal-Romanagh|Goal-Romanagh]]
| fam10            = Goal-Rhaetagh?&lt;ref name=&quot;glottoOil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Oil |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=[[Glottolog]] |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111104954/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/oila1234 |archive-date=2023-11-11 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Undinys Max Planck cour Antrapoaylleeaght Aafilleydagh]] |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| fam11            = [[Arpitaanish|Arpitaanagh]]–[[Langues d'oïl|Oïl]]
| fam12            = [[Langues d'oïl|Oïl]]
| iso1             = 
| iso2             = 
| iso3             = 
| ietf             = fr-gallo
| lingua           = 51-AAA-hb
| script           = [[Script Ladjynagh|Ladjynagh]]
| caslys-çheerey   = Langues_d'oïl_Simoni-Aurembou.svg
| fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey = Soiaghey yn Ghalloish ('sy neear hwoaie) mastey ny çhengaghyn Oïl
}}
She [[çhengey Romanagh]] as fer jeh ny [[Langues d'Oïl|çhengaghyn Oïl]] ta goll er loayrt ayns [[Breizh-Uhel]] (&quot;y Vritaan Eaghtyragh&quot;), [[Yn Vritaan (çheer)|y Vritaan]], ee yn '''Ghalloish''' ('sy çhengey hene: {{lang|fr|''Galo''}}; {{lang-fr|Gallo}}). Dy tradishoonagh, t'ee goll er loayrt ayns [[Il-ha-Gwilen]], [[Liger-Atlantel]] as ayns shiar [[Mor-Bihan]] as [[Aodoù-an-Arvor]]. T'eh er ooley dy vel eddyr 29,060&lt;ref name=&quot;rapport&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.prefics.org/credilif/travaux/RapportGallo1.pdf|title=Pratiques et représentations de la langue et de la culture régionales en Haute Bretagne|author=Le Coq, André &amp; Blanchet, Philippe|publisher=Centre de Recherche sur la Diversité Linguistique de la Francophonie|year=2005|accessdate=17 Mayrnt 2013|language=Frangish|archive-date=2013-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002225736/http://www.prefics.org/credilif/travaux/RapportGallo1.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; as 200,000&lt;ref name=&quot;pau&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://entrelangues.iker.univ-pau.fr/node/18|title=Gallo|author=Angoujard, J.P.|publisher=Ollooscoill Pau|accessdate=20 Mayrnt 2013|language=Frangish|archivedate=2014-03-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324031240/http://entrelangues.iker.univ-pau.fr/node/18}}&lt;/ref&gt; dy loayreyderyn.

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{Commons category-inline|Gallo language|Galloish}}

{{Çhengaghyn Romanagh}}
{{Çhengaghyn as abbyrtyn Goal-Romanagh}}
{{Çhengaghyn y Rank}}
{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}

[[Ronney:Yn Vritaan (ard)]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn y Rank]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn Oïl]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn ayns gaue loghtal]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn Romanagh ayns gaue]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn yn Oarpey ayns gaue]]
[[Ronney:Çhengaghyn kione–breear–cass]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bacteyryn</title>
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| rheam_fossylagh  = [[Yn Eash Archeagh|Archeagh]] ny ny s'leaie - jiu
| staydys          = 
| jalloo = E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg
| lheead_jalloo = 250px
| fo-heidyl_jalloo = Caslys mynreayrtan lectraneagh leayrtagh jeh ''[[Escherichia coli]]''
| ream = '''Bacteria'''
| reeriaght_neurheynnit = 
| reeriaght = 
| imraa_reeriaght = 
| rankyn_aarheynn = [[Phylum|Phyla]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=2&amp;lvl=3&amp;lin=f&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock |title=Bacteria (eubacteria) |accessdate=2008-09-10 |work=Taxonomy Browser |publisher=NCBI |date= }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| aarheynn = 
* '''[[Gram-yarrooagh]]/gyn [[far-chrackan mooie bacteyragh|far-chrackan mooie]]'''
[[Actinobacteria]] ([[cooid GV|cooid ard G+C]])&lt;br /&gt;
[[Firmicutes]] ([[cooid GV|cooid injil G+C]])&lt;br /&gt;
[[Tenericutes]] (gyn [[boalley killag]])&lt;br /&gt;
* '''[[Gram-yiooldagh]]/[[far-chrackan mooie bacteyragh|far-chrackan mooie]]'''
[[Aquificae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Bacteroidetes]]/[[Chlorobi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chlamydiae]]/[[Verrucomicrobia]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Deinococcus-Thermus]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Fusobacteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Gemmatimonadetes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Nitrospirae]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Proteobacteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Spirochaete]]s&lt;br /&gt;
[[Synergistetes]]&lt;br /&gt;
* '''gyn possan'''
[[Acidobacteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chloroflexi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Chrysiogenetes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cyanobacteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Deferribacteres]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dictyoglomi]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Fibrobacteres]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Planctomycetes]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Thermodesulfobacteria]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Thermotogae]]
}}
Ta '''bacteyryn''' (ennym oaylleeagh: '''bacteria''') ny phossan mooar dy [[mynorgaanagh|vynorgaanee]] [[prokaryota|phrokaryotagh]] [[un-chillagagh]].  T'ad ooilley-ynnydagh er feie ny cruinney; t'ad gaase 'sy thalloo, ayns [[geill ushtey çheh|geillyn ushtey çheh]], [[jeeyll goul-rooragh]], ushtey as kirp lossreeyn as beiyn bio.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Balkwill DL, ''et al.'' |title=Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford site, Washington state |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_applied-and-environmental-microbiology_2004-07_70_7/page/4230 |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |volume=70 |issue=7 |pages=4230–41 |year=2004 |month=July |pmid=15240306 |pmc=444790 |doi=10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta mysh 40 millioon bacteyr ayns gramme dy halloo as millioon jeu ayns millileetyr dy ushtey villish; s'cosoylagh dy vel queig [[enmyn earrooyn mooarey|nonillion]] (5×10&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt;) bacteyr er y chruinney.&lt;ref name=pmid9618454&gt;{{cite journal |author=Whitman WB, Coleman DC, Wiebe WJ |title=Prokaryotes: the unseen majority |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=95 |issue=12 |pages=6578–83 |year=1998 |month=June |pmid=9618454 |pmc=33863 |doi=10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578}}&lt;/ref&gt;  T'ad jannoo magh ayrn mooar jeh [[bea-chorpys]] ny cruinney.&lt;ref name=pmid9618454/&gt; 

&lt;!--Once regarded as [[plant]]s constituting the Class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as [[prokaryote]]s. Unlike cells of animals and other [[eukaryote]]s, bacterial cells do not contain a [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] and rarely harbour [[cell membrane|membrane-bound]] [[organelle]]s. Although the term ''bacteria'' traditionally included all prokaryotes, the [[scientific classification]] changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that [[evolution|evolved]] independently from an ancient common ancestor. These [[domain (biology)|evolutionary domains]] are called Bacteria and [[Archaea]].&lt;ref name=autogenerated2&gt;{{cite journal |author=Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML |title=Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_1990-06_87_12/page/4576 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=87 |issue=12 |pages=4576–9 |year=1990 |month=June |pmid=2112744 |pmc=54159 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576}}&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
Ta mysh jeig keayrt smoo bacteyryn cummal er corp deiney na ta killagyn deiney ayn.  Ta ram jeu er y [[crackan|chrackan]] as [[biota collaneagh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Sears CL |title=A dynamic partnership: celebrating our gut flora |journal=Anaerobe |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=247–51 |year=2005 |month=October |pmid=16701579 |doi=10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.05.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta'n chooid smoo jeu meeskielleydagh er coontey obbraghyn y [[corys jeenaght|chorys jeenaght]], as ta fir jeu [[probiotagh|foayssagh]] dooin.  Ta fir elley [[bacteyr gorlagh|gorlagh]] as t'adsyn nyn minn ymmodee çhingyssyn, myr sampleyr, [[yn collyr]], [[anthracs]], [[louraneys]] as [[plaih fairaigagh|yn phlaih fairaigagh]].  Ta [[gorley shymlee]] marroo mysh 2 villioon sleih 'sy vlein, 'syn Affrick fo-Haharagh son y chooid smoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = http://www.who.int/healthinfo/bodgbd2002revised/en/index.html | title = 2002 WHO mortality data | accessdate = 2007-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fir lhee jannoo ymmyd jeh [[noi-vaagh]] noi bacteyryn.

&lt;!--
In industry, bacteria are important in [[sewage treatment]], the production of [[cheese]] and [[yoghurt]] through [[fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]], as well as in [[biotechnology]], and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Ishige T, Honda K, Shimizu S |title=Whole organism biocatalysis |journal=Current Opinion in Chemical Biology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=174–80 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15811802 |doi=10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.02.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many steps in [[nutrient cycle]]s depending on these organisms, such as the [[nitrogen fixation|fixation of nitrogen]] from the [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] and [[putrefaction]]. However, most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the [[phylum|phyla]] of bacteria have species that can be [[microbiological culture|grown]] in the laboratory.&lt;ref name=Rappe&gt;{{cite journal |author=Rappé MS, Giovannoni SJ |title=The uncultured microbial majority |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annual-review-of-microbiology_2003_57/page/369 |journal=Annual Review of Microbiology |volume=57 |issue= |pages=369–94 |year=2003 |pmid=14527284 |doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090759}}&lt;/ref&gt; The study of bacteria is known as [[bacteriology]], a branch of [[microbiology]]. 

--&gt;
== Imraaghyn ==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

{{rangyn bea-oaylleeagh}}
{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}
{{bun}}
[[Ronney:Bacteyryn| ]]
[[Ronney:Bacteyr-oaylleeaght]]
[[Ronney:Çhiarnyssyn (bea-oaylleeaght)]]
[[Ronney:Çhiarrymeeaght vea-oaylleeaght]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Doctor Who</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>16689</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>341522</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T16:14:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-45732-37</username>
        <id>23894</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>neighbours half monty</comment>
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      <text bytes="2143" sha1="k7v3f43xdr41w4zgst2lxupmn0hu3oj" xml:space="preserve">{{ennym iddaalagh}}
{{WD Kishtey Fys Çhellveeish
| earroo_straihyn = Kiart ec Jerrey Souree 2022:&lt;br /&gt;26 (1963–1989)&lt;br /&gt;+1 scannane çhellveeish (1996)&lt;br /&gt;13 (2005–jiu)
| earroo_episodeyn = Kiart ec Jerrey Souree 2022:&lt;br /&gt;870
}}
Set Erinsborough Ramsay Street 

Place Lou,s Pub 

Cast are Toadie, Drew, Joel, 

Manager Lou 

renamed Half Monty 

Merchandise soap magazines 

a Spin off from 1999 (neighbours) 

{{Gurneil eaghtyrys}}

[[Ronney:Doctor Who| ]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Goaldagh]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama Goaldagh veih ny 1960yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh veih ny 1960yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Goaldagh er nyn doshiaghey ayns 1963]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama Goaldagh veih ny 1970yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh veih ny 1970yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama Goaldagh veih ny 1980yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh veih ny 1980yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Goaldagh as y jerrey oc ayns 1989]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama Goaldagh veih ny 2000yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh veih ny 2000yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Goaldagh er nyn doshiaghey ayns 2005]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama Goaldagh veih ny 2010yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh veih ny 2010yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama Goaldagh veih ny 2020yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh veih ny 2020yn]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish contoyrtys]]
[[Ronney:Claareeyn çhellveeish BBC Cymru Wales]]
[[Ronney:Claareeyn çhellveeish BBC Television]]
[[Ronney:Claareeyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse Goaldagh]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish troailtys traa Goaldagh]]
[[Ronney:Claareeyn çhellveeish 'sy Vaarle]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish marish skeeal neu-linnagh]]
[[Ronney:Far-skeealaght heanse vog]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish contoyrtys spoar]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish bentyn rish bea neuhallooinagh]]
[[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish liorish BBC Studios]]</text>
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Set Erinsborough Ramsay Street 

Place Lou,s Pub 

Cast are Toadie, Drew, Joel, 

Manager Lou 

renamed Half Monty 

Merchandise soap magazines 

a Spin off from 1999 (neighbours) 

BBC Television Studio Children in Need appeal</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-21T15:33:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MacTire02</username>
        <id>219</id>
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      <comment>++</comment>
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      <text bytes="3426" sha1="j9ba6vp2hw855bpbt730kd0wrmjgnvi" xml:space="preserve">{{Kishtey fys arrane ashoonagh
|ennym        = Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit
|ennym_gaelg  = Uss, y Shenn Thalloo Ain!
|çheer        = {{brattagh|Greenland|Greenlynn}}
|focklyn      = [[Henrik Lund]]
|kiaull       = [[Jonathan Petersen]]
|doltit       = 1916
}}
She [[arrane ashoonagh]] [[Greenlynn|Ghreenlynn]], queiggey hene-reiltagh y [[Yn Danvarg|Danvarg]], eh '''Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit''' ([[Greenlynnish]] son ''Uss, y Shenn Thalloo Ain''; {{langx|da|Vort ældgamle land under isblinkens bavn}}). Va'n arrane doltit 'sy vlein 1916 as va ny focklyn screeuit ec [[Henrik Lund]] as y chiaull ec [[Jonathan Petersen]]. Veih'n vlein 1979, va enney oikoil currit ec y reiltys er &quot;[[Nuna asiilasooq]]&quot; (''Thalloo yn Lhiurid Vooar''), arrane ta goll er ymmyd ec ny [[Kalaallit]], bun-vooinjer Ghreenlynn.

==Focklyn 'sy Ghreenlynnish==
:Nunarput, utoqqarsuanngoravit niaqqut ulissimavoq qiinik.
:Qitornatit kissumiaannarpatit tunillugit sineriavit piinik.

:Akullequtaasut merlertutut ilinni perortugut tamaani
:kalaallinik imminik taajumavugut niaqquit ataqqinartup saani.

:Atortillugillu tamaasa pisit ingerlaniarusuleqaagut
:nutarterlugillu noqitsigisatit siumut, siumut piumaqaagut.

:Inersimalersut ingerlanerat tungaalitsiterusuleqaarput,
:oqaatsit &quot;aviisit&quot; qanoq kingunerat atussasoq erinigileqaarput.

:Taqilluni naami atunngiveqaaq, kalaallit siumut makigitsi.
:Inuttut inuuneq pigiuminaqaaq, saperasi isumaqaleritsi.

==Focklyn 'sy Danvargish==

:Vort ældgamle land under isblinkens bavn
:med lysende snehår om dit hoved!
:Du trofaste moder, som bar os i din favn,
:mens dine kysters rigdom du os loved.

:Som halvvoksne børn er vi groet af din jord
:og trygt vokset op blandt dine fjelde,
:vi kalder os kalaallit i landet, hvor vi bor
:ærbødigt for dit hvide åsyns ælde.

:Og alt mens vi bruger dit bugnende flor,
:vi længes mod verdens nye former,
:vi fjerner hver hindring, som hæmmer dig, vor mor,
:og frejdigt frem mod fjerne mål vi stormer.

:De fremskredne folk et eksempel os gav,
:og det vil vi også stræbe efter,
:mens bølgernes verden er vores vandringsstav,
:som bær os frem og giver nye kræfter.

:Umuligt nu længer at blive i ro,
:kalaallit, mod større mål vi stævner.
:Som fribårne folk vi i landet vil bo;
:begynd at tro på jeres egne evner.

==Çhyndaa dys y Ghaelg==
:Y thalloo ain, haink dy ve cha eashit as dy vel dty chione coodit lesh fynney bane.
:Chum oo shinyn, dty chloan, rish dty chleeau as hug oo berçhys dty chooseyn dooin.

:As shinyn nyn baitçhyn meanagh, ren shin blaaghey nyn ''Kalaallit'',
:as ta shin shirrey eamagh orrinyn kionefenish dty chione moyrnagh as onnoroil.

:Marish mian loshtagh ny t'ou er kiarail y lhiassaghey, g'aanoaghey,
:g'arraghey dty lhiettrimyssyn y vian ain son dty gholl er oaie, er oaie.

:Aght ny sheshaghtyn appit, shen y dean jeean ain ta shin streeu er;
:bree yn ghlare as ny lettyryn, shen ta shin geearree y ghoaill shelloo.

:Cha nee yn imleeid y coorse, doost-jee Kalaallit as bee-jee moyrnagh!
:She yn seihll ooasle y dean ain; gow-jee shassoo marish y chreeaght.

==Kianglaghyn magh==
* [http://www.greatestplaces.org/medias/greenland/songs/nunarput.htm MIDI as kiaull lhean]

{{Gurneil eaghtyrys}}

[[Ronney:Anthymyn Danvargagh]]
[[Ronney:Arraneyn croghaneagh as fo-ashoonagh]]
[[Ronney:Cowraghyn ashoonagh Ghreenlynn]]
[[Ronney:Anthymyn America Hwoaie]]
[[Ronney:Kiaull Ghreenlynn]]
[[Ronney:Arraneyn ardjynagh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yn Amason</title>
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      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="31028" sha1="dhrbq38jwy0cxertc9fx7bdfn40xlq8" xml:space="preserve">{{Kishtey fys awin
| ennym = Yn Amason
| ennym_dooghyssagh = {{native name|pt|Amazonas}}
| ennym_elley = {{lang|pt|Rio Amazonas}}, {{lang|es|Río Amazonas}}
| jalloo = Amazon River ESA387332.jpg
| mooadys_jalloo = 250
| fo-heidyl_jalloo = Jalloo cruinlag jeh [[Deltey yn Amason]]
| sorçh_aarheynn1 = Çheer
| ennym_aarheynn1 = [[Yn Pheroo|Y Pheroo]], [[Yn Cholombey|y Cholombey]], [[Yn Vrasseel|y Vrasseel]]
| ard-valjyn = [[Iquitos]] (y Pheroo); [[Leticia, Amazonas|Leticia]] (y Cholombey); [[Tabatinga]] (y Vrasseel); [[Tefé]] (y Vrasseel); [[Itacoatiara, Amazonas|Itacoatiara]] (y Vrasseel) [[Parintins]] (y Vrasseel); [[Óbidos, Pará|Óbidos]] (y Vrasseel); [[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]] (y Vrasseel); [[Almeirim, Pará|Almeirim]] (y Vrasseel); [[Macapá]] (y Vrasseel);&lt;br /&gt;[[Manaus]] (y Vrasseel)
| lhiurid ={{cvt|6,575|km|mi|abbr=on}}{{refn|name=length|group=n|Co-strooan ny h-awinyn Marañón as Ucayali dys yn inver {{cvt|3,750|km|mi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Amazon River&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/amazon-main-stem/the-main-stem|title=The Amazon River|date=28 Boaldyn 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aguas Amazónicas–El río Amazonas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://aguasamazonicas.org/cuencas/canal-principal-del-amazonas/rio-amazonas|title=Aguas Amazónicaa-El río Amazonas |date=7 Jerrey Souree 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rio Amazonas&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Rio Amazonas|url=https://waterwaymap.org/river/Rio%20Amazonas%20000031026450|website=waterwaymap.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*''Yn Amason–[[Awin Ucayali|Ucayali]]–[[Awin Tambo (y Pheroo)|Tambo]]–[[Awin Ene|Ené]]–[[Awin Apurímac|Apurímac]]–Hornillos'' {{cvt|6,575|km|mi|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
*''Yn Amason–[[Awin Marañón|Marañón]]'' {{cvt|5,700|km|mi|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;The Amazon River&quot;/&gt;
*T'eh raait dy vel lhiurid yn Amason {{cvt|6,400|km}} er y chooid sloo,&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River |title=Amazon River |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108222644/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River |archive-date=8 Mee Houney 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Aguas Amazónicas–Ucayali&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://aguasamazonicas.org/cuencas/cuencas-principales/ucayali|title=Aguas Amazónicas–Ucayali |date=7 Jerrey Souree 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; agh ta leaghyn recortyssit eddyr {{cvt|6,275|as|7,025|km}}.&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;
Foddee towshanyn lhiurid ram awinyn ve nyn vaggyssaghtyn as foddee ad anchasley voish y cheilley er-yn-oyr dy vel ram faghteyryn ayn son son dy chronnaghey lhiurid awinyn, lheid as soiaghey yn voir heer-oaylleeagh as yn inver, scaailley yn towshan, as çhaghnyssyn towshanagh y lhiurid (son sonreeaghtyn, jeeagh er [[Rolley awinyn rere lhiurid]]).&lt;ref name=liu-etal-river-length/&gt;&lt;ref name=river-source&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/ |title=Where Does the Amazon River Begin? |date=15 Toshiaght Arree 2014 |website=National Geographic News |access-date=25 Mee ny Nollick 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091707/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/02/140213-amazon-river-length-source-maps-science/ |archive-date=27 Mayrnt 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| lheead_min = {{cvt|700|m}} (Yn Amason Heose); {{cvt|1.5|km|mi}} ([[Itacoatiara, Amazonas|Itacoatiara]], Yn Amason Heese)&lt;ref name=&quot;Issues of local and global use of water from the Amazon&quot;/&gt;
| lheead_mean = {{cvt|3|km|mi}} (Yn Amason Veanagh); {{cvt|5|km|mi}} (Yn Amason Heese)&lt;ref name=&quot;Issues of local and global use of water from the Amazon&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Seasonal assessment of groundwater quality in the cities of Itacoatiara and Manacapuru (Amazon, Brazil)&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333157040 |title=Seasonal assessment of groundwater quality in the cities of Itacoatiara and Manacapuru (Amazon, Brazil) |last1=Anderson da Silva |first1=Layes |last2=Marcondes Silva |first2=E. Silva |last3=Genilson Pereira |first3=Santana}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| lheead_max = {{cvt|10–14|km|mi}} (Yn Amason Heese);&lt;ref name=&quot;Issues of local and global use of water from the Amazon&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazon River-Hydrology&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River/Hydrology |title=Amazon River-Hidrology |access-date=2 Mee Houney 2022 |archive-date=14 Jerrey Fouyir 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014092545/https://www.britannica.com/place/Amazon-River/Hydrology |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; {{cvt|340|km|mi}} (inver)&lt;ref name=&quot;Aguas Amazonicas&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.amazonwaters.org/ |title=Aguas Amazonicas |access-date=1 Mee Houney 2022 |archive-date=3 Jerrey Souree 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703195120/https://amazonwaters.org/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| diunid_min = 
| diunid_mean = {{cvt|15–45|m}} (yn Amason Veanagh); {{cvt|20–50|m}} (yn Amason Heese)&lt;ref name=&quot;Issues of local and global use of water from the Amazon&quot;/&gt;
| diunid_max = {{cvt|150|m}} ([[Itacoatiara, Amazonas|Itacoatiara]]); {{cvt|130|m}} ([[Óbidos, y Vrasseel|Óbidos]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Issues of local and global use of water from the Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000136195 |title=Issues of local and global use of water from the Amazon |access-date=1 Mee Houney 2022 |archive-date=14 Jerrey Fouyir 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014093334/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000136195 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Seasonal assessment of groundwater quality in the cities of Itacoatiara and Manacapuru (Amazon, Brazil)&quot;/&gt;
| moir1 = [[Awin Apurímac]], [[Nevado Mismi|Beinn Mismi]]
| soiaghey_moir1 = [[Ard Arequipa]], y [[Yn Pheroo|Pheroo]]
| co-ordnaidyn_moir1 = {{coord|15|31|04|S|71|41|37|W|display=inline,title}}
| yrjid_moir1 = {{cvt|5,220|m}}
| inver = [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Y Keayn Sheear]]
| soiaghey_inver = [[Yn Vrasseel|Y Vrasseel]]
| co-ordnaidyn_inver = {{coord|0|42|28|N|50|5|22|W|type:_river}}
| progression = 
| corys_awiney = Yn Amason
| mooadys_awintragh ={{cvt|6,925,674|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Progress Report – ln the Development of the Program of Work on Protected Areas Region: Amazon Biome&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=
https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/amazon_vision_powpa_cbd_cop10_2010_engl_1.pdf|title=Progress Report – ln the Development of the Program of Work on Protected Areas Region: Amazon Biome|author=RedParques|publisher=Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)|page=148|date=2010|website=wwfint.awsassets.panda.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|name=basin size|group=n|Slane awintragh yn Amason–[[Awin Tocantins|Tocantins]] ({{cvt|6,743,000–7,050,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;osinfor22e&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.osinfor.gob.pe/portal/data/documentos/osinfor_minambiente/29102015/22e.pdf |title=CORPOAMAZONIA - TRÁMITES PARA APROVECHAMIENTO FORESTAL |access-date=8 Jerrey Fouyir 2021 |archive-date=6 Jerrey Geuree 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106052443/https://www.osinfor.gob.pe/portal/data/documentos/osinfor_minambiente/29102015/22e.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrologie du bassin amazonien&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-02/010010558.pdf|title=Hydrologie du bassin amazonien|date=1997|isbn=2-7011-1532-9|last1=Théry |first1=Hervé |last2=Maurence |first2=Pascale |publisher=Belin }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazon&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&amp;id=43&amp;catid=191&amp;Itemid=179|title=Amazon|last=Eric|first=Tilman|website=www.riversnetwork.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;/&gt; Yn Amason gyn Tocantins {{cvt|5,956,000–6,112,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;erudit&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Estimating cell-to-cell land surface drainage paths from digital channel networks, with an application to the Amazon basin|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-hydrology_2005-12-10_315_1-4/page/167|last1=Emilio|first1=Mayorga|last2=Miles G.|first2=Longsdon|last3=Maria Victoria|first3=R. Ballester|last4=Jeffrey E.|first4=Richey|journal=Journal of Hydrology |year=2005|volume=315 |issue=1–4 |pages=167–182 |doi=10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2005.03.023|s2cid=8107631 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrologie du bassin amazonien&quot;/&gt;}}
| crouw-awinyn_toshtal = [[Awin Marañón|Marañón]], [[Awin Nanay|Nanay]], [[Awin Napo|Napo]], [[Awin Putumayo|Putumayo]], [[Awin Japurá|Japurá]], [[Awin Badajós|Badajós]], [[Awin Manacapuru|Manacapuru]], [[Rio Negro (yn Amason)|Rio Negro]], [[Awin Urubu (Amazonas)|Urubu]], [[Awin Uatumã|Uatumã]], [[Awin Nhamundá|Nhamundá]], [[Awin Trombetas|Trombetas]], [[Awin Maicuru|Maicurú]], [[Awin Curuá (crouw-awin yn Amason)|Curuá]], [[Awin Paru|Paru]], [[Awin Jari|Jari]]
| crouw-awinyn_jesh = [[Awin Ucayali|Ucayali]], [[Awin Jandiatuba|Jandiatuba]], [[Awin Javary|Javary]], [[Awin Jutai|Jutaí]], [[Juruá]], [[Awin Tefé|Tefé]], [[Awin Coari|Coari]], [[Awin Purús|Purús]], [[Awin Madeira|Madeira]], [[Awin Canumã|Paraná do Ramos]], [[Awin Tapajós|Tapajós]], [[Awin Curuá Una|Curuá-Una]], [[Awin Xingu|Xingu]], [[Awin Pará|Pará]], [[Awin Tocantins|Tocantins]], [[Awin Acará|Acará]], [[Awin Guamá|Guamá]]
| soiaghey_stroo-magh1 = [[Deltey yn Amason]]
| stroo-magh1_min = {{cvt|83,400|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Global Biogeochemical Cycles|doi=10.1029/GB003i003p00241|url=https://doi.org/10.1029/GB003i003p00241|last1=Charles J.|first1=Vörösmarty|last2=Berrien|first2=Moore III|last3=Annette L.|first3=Grace|last4=M. Patricia|first4=Gildea|last5=Jerry M.|first5=Melille|last6=Bruce|first6=Peterson|last7=Edward|first7=B. Rastetter|last8=Paul|first8=A. Steudler|title=Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America|date=1989|volume=3|issue=3|pages=241–265|bibcode=1989GBioC...3..241V |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| stroo-magh1_mean ={{cvt|223,700|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;{{refn|name=discharge1|group=n|Yn Amason gyn Tocantins {{cvt|206,000–215,000|m3/s}} as {{cvt|209,000|m3/s}} (1973–1990);&lt;ref name=&quot;erudit&quot;&gt;Jacques Callède et.&amp;nbsp;al.: ''[https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar Les apports en eau de l'Amazone à l'Océan Atlantique] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102051620/https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/rseau/2010-v23-n3-rseau3946/044688ar/ |date=2 Mee Houney 2023 }}.'' Ayns: ''Revue des sciences de l'eau / Journal of Water Science.'' Bd. 23, Nr. 3, Montreal 2010, S. 247–273 (feddynit magh er 19 Luanistyn 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrologie du bassin amazonien&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;
*She inver tidee çheu yiass veih'n Amason as veih [[Marajó|Ellan Marajó]] eh [[Awin Pará|Rio Pará]]. T'eh {{cvt|350|km}} er lhiurid veih inver yn [[Awin Anapu]] as Ammyr [[Furo do Tajapuru]] (crouw yn Amason) dys y [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. Veih inveryn awin [[Awin Tocantins|Tocantins]], t'eh enmyssit [[Baie Marajó]]. Ta inver Rio Pará geddyn kuse vooar d'ushtey veih'n twoaie trooid Awin yn Amason. Ta sheanseyryn eigsoylagh shirrey eh dy enmyssey myr ayrn jeh awintragh yn Amason er-yn-oyr dy vel kuse vooar ({{cvt|6,000|m3/s}}) goll stiagh 'sy chorys veih'n Amason.&lt;ref name=&quot;erudit&quot;/&gt; My vel yn Amason marish Rio Pará coontit myr un chorys awiney, ta'n awintragh {{cvt|6,925,674|km2}} er eaghtyr,&lt;ref name=&quot;Progress Report – ln the Development of the Program of Work on Protected Areas Region: Amazon Biome&quot;/&gt; as ta'n slane stroo-magh meanagh ec [[Deltey yn Amason]] er {{cvt|223,700|m3/s}} (ny {{cvt|220,800|m3/s}} da'n earish eddyr 1973 as 1990; {{cvt|230,000|m3/s}} da'n earish eddyr 2003 as 2015).&lt;ref name=&quot;osinfor22e&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref01&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers16-04/010014008.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers16-04/010014008.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=EAUX, GLACIERS &amp; CHANGEMENTS CLIMATIQUES DANS LES ANDES TROPICALES - Institut Français d'Études Andines - Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Cooperation |last1=Pierre |first1=Ribstein |last2=Bernard |first2=Francou |last3=Anne |first3=Coudrain Ribstein |last4=Philippe |first4=Mourguiart |year=1995}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hy1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Hydrological Control on the Temporal Variability of Trace Element Concentration in the Amazon River and its Main Tributaries |last=Seyler |first=Patrick |author2=Laurence Maurice-Bourgoin |author3=Jean Loup Guyot |publisher=Towshan-çheerey Creg-oaylleeagh y Vrasseel (CPRM) |url=http://www.cprm.gov.br/pgagem/Manuscripts/seylerp.htm |access-date=24 Jerrey Souree 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721224824/http://www.cprm.gov.br/pgagem/Manuscripts/seylerp.htm |archive-date=21 Jerrey Souree 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hydrologie du bassin amazonien&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Prestes |first1=Yuri Onça |last2=Borba |first2=Thais Angélica da Costa |last3=Silva |first3=Alex Costa da |last4=Rollnic |first4=Marcelo |title=A discharge stationary model for the Pará-Amazon estuarine system |journal=Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies |year=2020 |volume=28 |article-number=100668 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100668 |s2cid=213143882 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Estuary&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/the-estuary|title=The Estuary|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marajó Bay&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://en.aguasamazonicas.org/basins/estuary-coast/marajo-bay|title=Marajó Bay|website=aguasamazonicas.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras&quot;&gt;{{cite report|url=https://www.snirh.gov.br/portal/snirh/centrais-de-conteudos/conjuntura-dos-recursos-hidricos/regioeshidrograficas2014.pdf|title=Conjuntura dos Recursos Hídricos no Brasil: regiões hidrográficas brasileiras|docket=Edição Especial|author=Agéncia Nacional de Águas (ANA)|publisher=Superintendência de Planegiamento de Recursos Hídricos (SPR)|page=163|isbn=978-85-8210-027-1|date=2015|website=www.snirh.gov.br}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Water Science|url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar|doi=10.7202/044688ar|title=The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean|last1=Jacques|first1=Callède|last2=Gérard|first2=Cochonneau|last3=Fabrício|first3=Vieira Alves|last4=Jean-Loup|first4=Guyot|last5=Valdemar|first5=Santos Guimarães|last6=Eurides|first6=De Oliveira|volume=23|number=3|date=2010|pages=247–273}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| stroo-magh1_max={{cvt|329,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;
| soiaghey_stroo-magh2 =[[Santarém, Pará|Santarém]]
| stroo-magh2_min = {{cvt|76,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;River and Reservoir Watch Version 4.5-148&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/SiteDisplays/148data.htm|title=River and Reservoir Watch Version 4.5-148|access-date=2026-09-02|archive-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014093040/https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/SiteDisplays/148data.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| stroo-magh2_mean ={{cvt|188,600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;
| stroo-magh2_max ={{cvt|271,100|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;River and Reservoir Watch Version 4.5-148&quot;/&gt;
| soiaghey_stroo-magh3 = [[Óbidos, y Vrasseel|Óbidos]]
| stroo-magh3_mean ={{cvt|172,100|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;{{refn|name=discharge3|group=n|(Earish: 1903–2023) {{cvt|165,829.6|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ANA&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.br/ana/pt-br|title=ANA|website=www.gov.br}}&lt;/ref&gt;
(Earish: 1971–2000) {{cvt|173,272.6|m3/s|cuft/s}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazon&quot;/&gt;
(Earish: 1928–1996) {{cvt|176,177|m3/s|cuft/s}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GRDC&quot;&gt;GRDC: [https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P3629000.html Daten des Pegels ''Óbidos''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809114257/https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P3629000.html |date=9 Luanistyn 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
(Earish: 1997–2015) {{cvt|178,193.9|m3/s|cuft/s}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Assess1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/23/3057/2019/hess-23-3057-2019-supplement.pdf |title=Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin |last=Jamie |first=Towner |year=2019 |access-date=28 Mayrnt 2022 |archive-date=14 Jerrey Fouyir 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014093200/https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/23/3057/2019/hess-23-3057-2019-supplement.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| stroo-magh3_min ={{cvt|71,700|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;
| stroo-magh3_max ={{cvt|241,200|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Continental scale models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America&quot;/&gt;
| soiaghey_stroo-magh4 = [[Manacapuru]]
| stroo-magh4_min={{cvt|58,800|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazonía y Agua: Desarollo sostenible en el siglo XXI&quot;&gt;{{cite report|title=Amazonía y Agua: Desarollo sostenible en el siglo XXI|url=https://www.ehu.eus/cdsea/web/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Libro_Amazonia_Agua.pdf|last=Hernando Bernal|first=Zamudio|publisher=Unesco Etxea|location=Brasilia (y Vrasseel)|isbn=978-84-934779-8-1|page=503|date=2009|website=www.ehu.eus}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| stroo-magh4_mean =
{{cvt|102,600|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazonía y Agua: Desarollo sostenible en el siglo XXI&quot;/&gt;
| stroo-magh4_max =
{{cvt|139,000|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazonía y Agua: Desarollo sostenible en el siglo XXI&quot;/&gt;
| soiaghey_stroo-magh5=[[Tamshiyacu|Tamshiyaçu]]
| stroo-magh5_min =
{{cvt|16,400|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazonía y Agua: Desarollo sostenible en el siglo XXI&quot;/&gt;
| stroo-magh5_mean ={{cvt|31,700|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazonía y Agua: Desarollo sostenible en el siglo XXI&quot;/&gt;
| stroo-magh5_max =
{{cvt|46,700|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Amazonía y Agua: Desarollo sostenible en el siglo XXI&quot;/&gt;
}}
[[Coadan:Amazonas und Reliefkarte.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Boayl-oaylleeaght Awintragh yn Amason]]
She '''yn Amason''' ny '''Awin yn Amason''' ({{langx|pt|rio Amazonas}}, {{langx|es|río Amazonas}}) ayns [[America Yiass]] yn [[Rolley awinyn rere stroo-magh|awin smoo 'sy theihll rere mooad yn ushtey t'eh stroo magh]], as y [[Rolley coryssyn awiney rere lhiurid|nah awin s'liurey ny yn awin s'liurey]], enmys fo arganeys lesh y [[Yn Neel|Neel]].&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Uereyen |first1=Soner |last2=Kuenzer |first2=Claudia |title=A Review of Earth Observation-Based Analyses for Major River Basins |journal=Remote Sensing |date=9 Mee ny Nollick 2019 |volume=11 |issue=24 |page=2951 |doi=10.3390/rs11242951 |bibcode=2019RemS...11.2951U |doi-access=free| issn = 2072-4292}}.&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|Dy cadjin, t'eh craait dy nee yn [[Yn Neel|Neel]] yn awin s'liurey 'sy theihll, as eh mysh {{cvt|6,650|km|mi}} er lhiurid,&lt;ref name=britannica-nile&gt;{{cite encyclopedia |title=Nile River |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415347/Nile-River |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429130526/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415347/Nile-River |archive-date=29 Averil 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; as dy nee yn Amason y nah awin s'liurey 'sy theihll, as eh {{cvt|6,400|km|mi}} er lhiurid er y chooid sloo.&lt;ref name=britannica-amazon/&gt; Ayns ny bleeantyn 2007 as 2008, ren sheanseyryn ennagh fogrey magh dy row yn Amason {{cvt|6,992|km|mi}} er lhiurid as dy row eh ny s'liurey na'n Neel, v'er ny cho-earrooaghey er {{cvt|6,853|km|mi}} er lhiurid.&lt;ref name=bbc-amazon&gt;{{cite news |title=Amazon river 'longer than Nile' |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2010 |date=16 Mean Souree 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926054938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6759291.stm |archive-date=26 Mean Fouyir 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Roach&gt;{{cite magazine|last1=Roach|first1=John|date=2007-06-18|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|title=Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/amazon-longer-than-nile-river|url-access= |trans-title= |format= |department= |magazine=[[National Geographic]]|language=en-US|publisher=[[National Geographic Partners]]|issn=0027-9358|oclc=643483454|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215180734/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/amazon-longer-than-nile-river|archive-date=2024-12-15|access-date=2017-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta art [[scrutaghey coasan|scrutit lesh coasanyn]], v'er ny hoilshaghey magh 'sy vlein 2009, genmyssey lhiurid er {{cvt|7,088|km|mi}} da'n Neel as {{cvt|6,575|km|mi}} da'n Amason, as ad er ny ve towshit lesh mestey oltscarrey jallooyn cruinlag as ronsaghtyn magheragh dys ny moir-ardjyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;liu-etal-river-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Shaochuang |last2=Lu |first2=P |last3=Liu |first3=D |last4=Jin |first4=P |last5=Wang |first5=W |date=1 Mayrnt 2009 |title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241 |journal=Int. J. Digit. Earth |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=80–87 |doi=10.1080/17538940902746082 |bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L |s2cid=27548511 |access-date=29 Mee ny Nollick 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211543/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220473241_Pinpointing_the_sources_and_measuring_the_lengths_of_the_principal_rivers_of_the_world |archive-date=23 Mee ny Nollick 2018 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Rere [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], roish 2020, ta lhiurid yn Amason foast foshlit, croghey er bree as bun as ta foast fo arganeys.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon-length&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river |title=How Long Is the Amazon River? |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |access-date=24 Mee ny Nollick 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224171204/https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river |archive-date=24 Mee ny Nollick 2018 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|name=longest|group=n}}

Feie begnagh keead bleeaney, va ushtaghyn heose yn [[Awin Apurímac]] er [[Nevado Mismi]] 'sy [[Yn Pheroo|Pheroou]] coontit myr moir s'odjey ersooyl derrey 2014 tra ren studeyrys feddyn magh dy nee ushtaghyn heose yn [[Awin Mantaro]] v'eh er Cordillera Rumi Cruz 'sy Pheroo.&lt;ref name=&quot;ContosTripcevich&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author1=James Contos |author2=Nicholas Tripcevich |title=Correct placement of the most distant source of the Amazon River in the Mantaro River drainage |journal=Area |date=Mayrnt 2014 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=27–39 |doi=10.1111/area.12069 |bibcode=2014Area...46...27C |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt6js988dk/qt6js988dk.pdf?t=nmjqr2 |access-date=30 Luanistyn 2019 |archive-date=26 Jerrey Geuree 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126182635/https://escholarship.org/content/qt6js988dk/qt6js988dk.pdf?t=nmjqr2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ny h-awinyn Mantaro as Apurímac çheet ry-cheilley, as cur rish crouw-awinyn elley, t'ad croo yn [[Awin Ucayali]], as ta eshyn hene çheet ry-cheillry rish yn [[Awin Marañón]] seose yn awin veih [[Iquitos]], y Pheroo, as ta çheeraghyn gyn y [[Yn Vrasseel|Vrasseel]] smooinaghtyn dy nee eshyn [[ard-vanglane]] yn Amason. Ta ny Brasseelee genmyssey yn veer shoh [[Awin Solimões]] seose veih'n cho-strooan echey rish y [[Rio Negro (yn Amason)|Rio Negro]]&lt;ref name=Penn&gt;{{cite book |last=Penn |first=James R. |title=Rivers of the World |year=2001 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-042-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/riversofworldsoc00penn |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/riversofworldsoc00penn/page/8 8] }}&lt;/ref&gt; as t'ad coontey dy vel yn Amason goaill toshiaght ec [[Çhaglym ny h-Ushtaghyn]] ({{langx|pt|Encontro das Águas}}) ec [[Manaus]], yn ard-valley smoo er yn awin.

Er y vean, ta'n Amason lhiggey magh eddyr {{convert|215,000|as|230,000|m3/s}}—eddyr {{convert|6,591|as|7,570|km3|cumi}} dy faggyssagh 'sy vlein, ny smoo na'n chied shiaght awinyn heyr smoo ry-cheilley. She [[crouw-awin|crouw-awinyn]] yn Amason ta daa awin ass y chied jeih awinyn smoo rere lhiggey magh. Ta'n Amason cummal 20% jeh lhiggey magh awiney yn theihll stiagh ayns ny faarkaghyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moura |first1=Rodrigo L. |last2=Amado-Filho |first2=Gilberto M. |last3=Moraes |first3=Fernando C. |last4=Brasileiro |first4=Poliana S. |last5=Salomon |first5=Paulo S. |last6=Mahiques |first6=Michel M. |last7=Bastos |first7=Alex C. |last8=Almeida |first8=Marcelo G. |last9=Silva |first9=Jomar M.|last10=Araujo|first10=Beatriz F. |last11=Brito |first11=Frederico P. |last12=Rangel |first12=Thiago P. |last13=Oliveira |first13=Braulio C.V. |last14=Bahia |first14=Ricardo G. |last15=Paranhos |first15=Rodolfo P. |last16=Dias |first16=Rodolfo J. S. |last17=Siegle |first17=Eduardo |last18=Figueiredo |first18=Alberto G. |last19=Pereira |first19=Renato C.|last20=Leal|first20=Camellia V. |last21=Hajdu |first21=Eduardo |last22=Asp |first22=Nils E. |last23=Gregoracci |first23=Gustavo B. |last24=Neumann-Leitão |first24=Sigrid |last25=Yager |first25=Patricia L. |last26=Francini-Filho |first26=Ronaldo B. |last27=Fróes |first27=Adriana |last28=Campeão |first28=Mariana |last29=Silva |first29=Bruno S.|last30=Moreira|first30=Ana P.B. |last31=Oliveira |first31=Louisi |last32=Soares |first32=Ana C. |last33=Araujo |first33=Lais |last34=Oliveira |first34=Nara L. |last35=Teixeira |first35=João B. |last36=Valle |first36=Rogerio A.B. |last37=Thompson |first37=Cristiane C. |last38=Rezende |first38=Carlos E. |last39=Thompson |first39=Fabiano L. |title=An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth |journal=[[Science Advances]] |date=1 Averil 2016 |volume=2 |issue=4 |article-number=e1501252 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.1501252 |language=en |pmc=4846441 |pmid=27152336 |bibcode=2016SciA....2E1252M}}&lt;/ref&gt; She awintragh yn Amason yn awintragh smoo 'sy theihll, as t'eh coodaghey mysh {{convert|7,000,000|km2}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-amazon&quot;/&gt; Yn ayrn jeh awintragh yn awin 'sy Vrasseel hene, t'eh ny smoo na awintragh elley erbee. Cha nel agh un wheiggoo jeh stroo yn awin ec yn Amason as eh goll stiagh 'sy Vrasseel ayns cosoylaght rish y lhiggey magh 'sy [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]], agh, ec y voayl çheet-stiagh shen ta'n stroo echey ny smoo na lhiggey magh awin erbee elley 'sy theihll.&lt;ref name=&quot;sterling&quot;&gt;Tom Sterling: ''Der Amazonas''. Time-Life Bücher 1979, 7th German Printing, dg. 19.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=smith&gt;{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Nigel J.H. |title=Amazon Sweet Sea: Land, Life, and Water at the River's Mouth |year=2003 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-77770-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SywgnV96puYC&amp;pg=PA1 |pages=1–2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915123518/https://books.google.com/books?id=SywgnV96puYC&amp;pg=PA1 |archive-date=15 Mean Fouyir 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta lhiurid recortyssit as ennit echey er {{convert|6,400|km|mi}}, agh rere tuarastylyn ennagh ta'n lhiurid echey anchasley eddyr {{convert|6,575|as|7,062|km|mi}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Digital Earth|doi=10.1080/17538940902746082|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538940902746082|title=Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world|last1=S.|first1=Liu|last2=P.|first2=Lu|last3=D.|first3= Liu|last4=P.|first4=Jin|last5=W.|first5=Wang|pages=80–87|volume=2|issue=1|date=2009 |bibcode=2009IJDE....2...80L |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Estudo do INPE indica que o rio Amazonas é 140 km mais extenso do que o Nilo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.inpe.br/noticias/noticia.php?Cod_Noticia=1501|title=Estudo do INPE indica que o rio Amazonas é 140 km mais extenso do que o Nilo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;A New Survey of Sources of the Amazon&quot;&gt;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294373863_A_New_Survey_of_Sources_of_the_Amazon/fulltext/5fea5b4aa6fdccdcb812e603/A-New-Survey-of-Sources-of-the-Amazon.pdf A New Survey of Sources of the Amazon] (PDF; 3,5&amp;nbsp;MB)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Water Science|url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/044688ar|doi=10.7202/044688ar|title=The River Amazon water contribution to the Atlantic Ocean|last1=Jacques|first1=Callède|last2=Gérard|first2=Cochonneau|last3=Fabrício|first3=Vieira Alves|last4=Jean-Loup|first4=Guyot|last5=Valdemar|first5=Santos Guimarães|last6=Eurides|first6=De Oliveira|volume=23|number=3|date=2010|pages=247–273}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jeeagh er neesht ==
* [[Ard najooragh yn Amason]], 'sy Cholombey
* [[Yn Amason Pherooagh]] 'sy Pheroo

==Noteyn==
{{reflist|group=n|30em}}

==Imraaghyn==
{{reflist}}

{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amason, Yn}}
{{bun}}
[[Ronney:Yn Amason| ]]
[[Ronney:Awintragh yn Amason]]
[[Ronney:Keyll liaghee yn Amason]]
[[Ronney:Yn Amason Heose]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn ayns America Yiass]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn eddyrashoonagh ayns America Yiass]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn 'sy Cholombey]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn 'sy Pheroo]]
[[Ronney:Yn joarey eddyr y Cholombey as y Pheroo]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn ayns Amapá]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn ayns Amazonas (steat Brasseelagh)]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn ayns Rheynn Loreto]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn ayns Pará]]
[[Ronney:Awinyn 'sy Vrasseel]]</text>
      <sha1>dhrbq38jwy0cxertc9fx7bdfn40xlq8</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>TRAPPIST-1e</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28110</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-22T02:37:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
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      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="9036" sha1="ggu66q61dmhr6x3zbh40depx4wwgbyh" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Kishtey Fys Red Rollageydagh
| ennym             = TRAPPIST-1e
| jalloo            = TRAPPIST-1e artist impression 2018.png
| fo-heidyl         = Smooinaght ellyneyr er TRAPPIST-1e veih 2018, er ny haishbyney ayns shoh myr planaid ta kianglt dy tidee as keayn ushlagh echey. 
| feddyn_magh       = 22 Toshiaght Arree 2017
| fowder            = Michaël Gillon ''et al.''
| boayl_feddyn_magh = [[Fodreayrtan Spoar Spitzer]]
| period            = 6.099043 ± 0.000015 [[laa|l]]&lt;ref name=Delrez-2018/&gt;
}}
She [[planaid neughrianagh]] [[planaid ooirragh|ooirragh]] eh '''TRAPPIST-1e''', ta enmyssit chammah myr '''2MASS J23062928-0502285 e'''. Rere glout, t'eh cosoylagh rish y Dowan as t'eh cruinlaghey çheusthie jeh [[cryss vaghagh]] y rollage [[crivassan feer-feayr|chrivassanagh feer-feayr]] [[TRAPPIST-1]] mysh 40 [[sollys-vlein|sollys-vleeantyn]] (12 [[parsec]]yn; 380 trillioonyn dy chilomeaderyn; 240 trillioonyn dy veeillaghyn) veih'n Dowan ayns co-hollys rollageagh [[yn Ymmyrkagh Ushtey (co-hollys rollageagh)|yn Ymmyrkagh Ushtey]]. Ren rollageyderyn feddyn magh y planaid liorish [[yn aght tessenagh]], raad ta rollageyderyn jannoo towshan yn cowrey dullyr ta taghyrtyn as y planaid goll beealloo yn rollage.

Va'n planaid neughrianagh feddynit mastey shiaght shiaght planaidyn neughrianagh noa ta cruinlaghey yn rollage liorish sooillaghtyn veih [[Fodreayrtan Spoar Spitzer]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Gillon |first1=Michaël |last2=Triaud |first2=Amaury H.M.J. |last3=Demory |first3=Brice-Olivier |last4=Jehin |first4=Emmanuël |last5=Agol |first5=Eric |last6=Deck |first6=Katherine M. |last7=Lederer |first7=Susan M. |last8=de&amp;nbsp;Wit |first8=Julien |last9=Burdanov |first9=Artem |display-authors=2 |date=23 Toshiaght Arree 2017 |title=Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/nature-uk_2017-02-23_542_7642/page/456 |journal=[[Nature (laa-lioar)|Nature]] |volume=542 |issue=7642 |pages=456–460 |arxiv=1703.01424 |bibcode=2017Natur.542..456G |doi=10.1038/nature21360 |pmc=5330437 |pmid=28230125}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gillon-Jehin-etal-2016&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal |last1=Gillon |first1=Michaël |last2=Jehin |first2=Emmanuël |last3=Lederer |first3=Susan M. |last4=Delrez |first4=Laetitia |last5=de&amp;nbsp;Wit |first5=Julien |last6=Burdanov |first6=Artem |last7=van&amp;nbsp;Grootel |first7=Valérie |last8=Burgasser |first8=Adam J. |last9=Triaud |first9=Amaury H.M.J. |last10=Opitom |first10=Cyrielle |last11=Demory |first11=Brice-Olivier |last12=Sahu |first12=Devendra K. |last13=Gagliuffi |first13=Daniella Bardalez |last14=Magain |first14=Pierre |last15=Queloz |first15=Didier |display-authors=2 |date=2 May 2016 |title=Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star |journal=[[Nature (laa-lioar)|Nature]] |volume=533 |issue=7602 |pages=221–224 |arxiv=1605.07211 |bibcode=2016Natur.533..221G |doi=10.1038/nature17448 |pmc=5321506 |pmid=27135924}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Ta tree planaidyn as ny shiaght (''e'', ''f'', as ''g'') soit 'sy chryss vaghagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NASA |date=February 21, 2017 |title=NASA telescope reveals largest batch of Earth-size, habitable-zone planets around single star |url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1419/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around-single-star/ |url-status=live |accessdate=22 Toshiaght Arree 2017 |website=NASA.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=NASA |last2=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |date=February 22, 2017 |title=TRAPPIST-1 Planet Lineup |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia21422-trappist-1-planet-lineup |url-status=live |accessdate=7 Sauin 2022 |website=NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |publisher=[[NASA]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta TRAPPIST-1e cosoylagh rish y Dowan rere glout, crantessen, trimmid, ym-hayrn, çhiassid, as flusk rollageagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grimm-Demory-etal-2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Grimm |first1=Simon L. |last2=Demory |first2=Brice-Olivier |last3=Gillon |first3=Michael |last4=Dorn |first4=Caroline |last5=Agol |first5=Eric |last6=Burdanov |first6=Artem |last7=Delrez |first7=Laetitia |last8=Sestovic |first8=Marko |last9=Triaud |first9=Amaury H.M.J. |last10=Turbet |first10=Martin |last11=Bolmont |first11=Emeline |last12=Caldas |first12=Anthony |last13=de&amp;nbsp;Wit |first13=Julien |last14=Jehin |first14=Emmanuel |last15=Leconte |first15=Jeremy |display-authors=2 |date=21 Jerrey Geuree 2018 |title=The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2018/05/aa32233-17/aa32233-17.html |journal=[[Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics]] |volume=613 |issue=A68 |at=21 |no-pp=y |arxiv=1802.01377 |bibcode=2018A&amp;A...613A..68G |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201732233 |accessdate=7 Sauin 2022 |first16=Sean N. |last16=Raymond |first17=Valerie |last17=van&amp;nbsp;Grootel |first18=Adam J. |last18=Burgasser |first19=Sean |last19=Carey |first20=Daniel |last20=Fabrycky |first21=Kevin |last21=Heng |first22=David M. |last22=Hernandez |first23=James G. |last23=Ingalls |first24=Susan |last24=Lederer |first25=Franck |last25=Selsis |first26=Didier |last26=Queloz |s2cid=3441829}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Delrez-2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Delrez |first1=Laetitia |last2=Gillon |first2=Michael |last3=Triaud |first3=Amaury H.M.J. |last4=Demory |first4=Brice-Oliver |last5=de&amp;nbsp;Wit |first5=Julien |last6=Ingalls |first6=James |last7=Agol |first7=Eric |last8=Bolmont |first8=Emeline |last9=Burdanov |first9=Artem |last10=Burgasser |first10=Adam J. |last11=Carey |first11=Sean J. |last12=Jehin |first12=Emmanuel |last13=Leconte |first13=Jeremy |last14=Lederer |first14=Susan |last15=Queloz |first15=Didier |display-authors=2 |date=9 Jerrey Geuree 2018 |title=Early 2017 observations of TRAPPIST-1 with ''Spitzer'' |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/475/3/3577/4795334?login=true |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=475 |issue=3 |pages=3577 |arxiv=1801.02554 |bibcode=2018MNRAS.475.3577D |doi=10.1093/mnras/sty051 |accessdate=7 Sauin 2022 |first16=Franck |last16=Selsis |first17=Valerie |last17=van&amp;nbsp;Grootel |s2cid=54649681}}&lt;/ref&gt; T'eh shickyrit chammah dy vel aeraght seyr veih bodjallyn lesh [[hiddragien]] s'earrooagh. Rere shen, s'liklee dy vel aeraght chumir echey gollrish ny planaidyn ooiragh ayns Corys ny Greiney.&lt;ref name=&quot;deWit-Wakeford-etal-2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=de&amp;nbsp;Wit |first1=Julien |last2=Wakeford |first2=Hannah R. |last3=Lewis |first3=Nikole K. |last4=Delrez |first4=Laetitia |last5=Gillon |first5=Michaël |last6=Selsis |first6=Frank |last7=Leconte |first7=Jérémy |last8=Demory |first8=Brice-Olivier |last9=Bolmont |first9=Emeline |last10=Bourrier |first10=Vincent |last11=Burgasser |first11=Adam J. |last12=Grimm |first12=Simon |last13=Jehin |first13=Emmanuël |last14=Lederer |first14=Susan M. |last15=Owen |first15=James E. |display-authors=2 |date=5 Toshiaght Arree 2018 |title=Atmospheric reconnaissance of the habitable-zone Earth-sized planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0374-z |journal=Nature Astronomy |publisher=[[Nature (laa-lioar)|Nature]] |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=214–219 |arxiv=1802.02250 |bibcode=2018NatAs...2..214D |doi=10.1038/s41550-017-0374-z |access-date=7 November 2022 |last16=Stamenković |first16=Vlada |last17=Triaud |first17=Amaury H.M.J. |s2cid=119085332}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ayns Mee Houney 2018, ren ronseyderyn cronnaghey dy nee TRAPPIST-1e y planaid 'sy chorys TRAPPIST ta ny smoo cosoylagh rish y Chruinney as dy vel eh liklee dy nee [[planaid mooiragh]] t'ayn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Kelley |first=Peter |date=21 November 2018 |title=Study brings new climate models of small star TRAPPIST 1's seven intriguing worlds |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/uow-sbn112118.php |url-status=dead |accessdate=22 Sauin 2018 |website=[[EurekAlert!]] |publisher=[[University of Washington]] |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108110852/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/uow-sbn112118.php }}&lt;/ref&gt; Chammah's shen, ta TRAPPIST-1e coontit mastey ny planaidyn as jargaght yn yn-vaghey s'yrjey echey.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite web |last=&lt;!-- not given --&gt; |date=6 Nollick 2021 |title=The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog |url=https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog |url-status=live |accessdate=6 Toshiaght Arree 2019 |website=Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo (phl.upr.edu) |publisher=[[Ollooscoill y Phurt Verçhagh, Arecibo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

{{Speyr|23|06|29.283|-|05|02|28.59}}
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  <page>
    <title>Tamala Jones</title>
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| ennym_ruggyr = Tamala Reneé Jones
| boayl_ruggyr = [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]], SUA
| bleeantyngobbyr = 1992–jiu
}}

She ben-aghteyr Americaanagh ee '''Tamala Reneé Jones''' (ruggit er 12 Sauin 1974).&lt;ref name=tvg&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tamala-jones/176141/|title=Tamala Jones Biography| work= [[TV Guide|TVGuide.com]]| accessdate=18 Averil 2016| archivedate=9 Jerrey Souree 2015| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150709174530/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/tamala-jones/bio/176141/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta enney urree son e paartyn ayns filmyn lheid as ''[[Booty Call]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Diaz |first1=Evelyn |title=Tamala Jones: Bill Cosby Disapproved of Booty Call |url=https://www.bet.com/article/1z8tn3/tamala-jones-bill-cosby-disapproved-of-booty-call |accessdate=31 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |publisher=[[BET]] |date=21 Jerrey Geuree 2015 |archivedate=2022-11-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120185101/https://www.bet.com/article/1z8tn3/tamala-jones-bill-cosby-disapproved-of-booty-call }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Wood]]'', ''[[Kingdom Come (fillym 2001)|Kingdom Come]]'', ''[[The Brothers (fillym 2001)|The Brothers]]'', as ''[[What Men Want]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Fleri Soler |first1=Paula |title=When a woman needs a man |url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/when-a-woman-needs-a-man.705409 |accessdate=31 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |publisher=[[Times of Malta]] |date=24 Mayrnt 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta e paartyn mooarey goaill stiagh Tina, karacteyr aafilleydagh ayns ''[[Veronica's Closet]]''; Bobbi Seawright ayns ''[[For Your Love (straih hellveeish)|For Your Love]]''; as Lanie Parish 'sy drama kimmeeys ''[[Castle (straih hellveeish)|Castle]]'' liorish [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Roffman |first1=Marisa |title=THE ROOKIE Stages (Another) CASTLE Reunion |url=https://www.givememyremote.com/remote/2022/01/06/the-rookie-tamala-jones-castle-reunion/ |website=Give Me My Remote |accessdate=31 Jerrey Geuree 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

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  <page>
    <title>Enceladus</title>
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      <text bytes="13130" sha1="eewk8lfm78k8ess9evl1fhqg3f1ppyr" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Kishtey Fys Red Rollageydagh
| epennym = [[Enceladus (foawr)|Ἐγκέλαδος]] ''Egkelados''
| cowrey=enceladus symbol (bold).svg
| co-heiy_aeraght={{Rolley yn-filley
  | title = Co-heiy&lt;ref name=&quot;Waite&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1121290 |title=Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2006-03-10_311_5766/page/1419 |date=2006 |journal=Science |volume=311 |pages=1419–22 |pmid=16527970 |issue=5766 |bibcode=2006Sci...311.1419W | last1=Waite | first1=Jack Hunter Jr. |last2=Combi|first2=M. R. |s2cid=3032849 |display-authors=etal }}&lt;/ref&gt;
  | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
  | title_style =
  | list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
  | 1 = 91% gaal [[ushtey]]
  | 2 = 4% [[neetragien]]
  | 3 = 3.2% [[daa-ocseed charboan]]
  | 4 = 1.7% [[meetane]]
 }}
}}
She '''Enceladus''' y sheyoo [[Eaystyn Harn|eayst smoo 'sy chorys Sarnagh]] (y 19oo smoo ayns [[Corys ny Greiney]]). T'eh mysh 500 km (310 meeilaghyn) er crantessen,&lt;ref name=&quot;Facts&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sat_Enceladus&amp;Display=Facts|work=Solar System Exploration|title=Enceladus: Facts &amp; Figures|publisher=NASA|date=12 Luanistyn 2013|accessdate=26 Averil 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016093801/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Sat_Enceladus&amp;Display=Facts|archivedate=16 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ny mysh un jeihoo [[Titan (eayst)|Titan]], eayst [[Sarn (planaid)|Harn]] smoo. Ta Enceladus coodit liorish rio glen oor, as kyndagh rish shen she eshyn nane jeh ny corpaneyn smoo aahoilshagh ayns Corys ny Greiney. Rere shen, cha nel çhiassid yn eayst ec munlaa roshtyn agh −198 °C (75.1 K; −324.4 °F); shen çhiassid ta foddey ny s'feayrey na corpane sollys-hooagh. Dyn bwooise da'n mooadys beg echey, shimmey troyn fishigagh eaghtyragh t'er Enceladus, voish shenn ardjyn lane jeh [[slogh cruinn|sloghyn cruinn]] dys thallooyn aachummit [[tectoanaght|tectoanagh]].

Va Enceladus feddynit magh er 28 Luanistyn 1789 liorish [[William Herschel]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Discovery&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html|title=Planetary Body Names and Discoverers|work=Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature|publisher=[[Astrogeology Research Program|USGS Astrogeology Science Center]]|accessdate=12 Jerrey Geuree 2015|archivedate=25 Luanistyn 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825153846/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herschel_1790&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Herschel|first=W.|title=Account of the Discovery of a Sixth and Seventh Satellite of the Planet Saturn; With Remarks on the Construction of Its Ring, Its Atmosphere, Its Rotation on an Axis, and Its Spheroidal Figure|url=http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/80.toc|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|volume=80|date=1 Jerrey Geuree 1790|doi=10.1098/rstl.1790.0004|pages=1–20|accessdate=27 Averil 2014|archivedate=27 Averil 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140427153244/http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/80.toc|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; agh s'goan y fys v'ayn er derrey hiauill y daa haagh spoar [[Claare Voyager|Voyager]], ''[[Voyager&amp;nbsp;1]]'' as ''[[Voyager&amp;nbsp;2]]'', shaghey Sarn ayns 1980 as 1981.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lovett_cosmos&quot;/&gt; Ayns 2005, ren y saagh spoar ''[[Cassini–Huygens|Cassini]]'' shiaulley shaghey faggys da Enceladus, anchoodaghey eaghtyr as çhymmyltaght yn eayst as taishbyney ny smoo sonreeaghtyn. Ren ''Cassini'' feddyn magh [[dossan (dynamickyn ushlaght)|dossanyn]] va lhiggey magh voish [[ard poullagh]] y jiass.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20150315&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|title=Suddenly, It Seems, Water Is Everywhere in Solar System|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/science/space/suddenly-it-seems-water-is-everywhere-in-solar-system.html|date=12 Mayrnt 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=13 Mayrnt 2015|archivedate=9 Boaldyn 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509080640/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/science/space/suddenly-it-seems-water-is-everywhere-in-solar-system.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta [[volcaan feayr|volcaanyn feayrey]] faggys da ard y jiass lhiggey magh skiootyn dy [[gaal ushtey|ghaal ushtey]], [[hiddragien co-vreneenagh]], so-ghaalee elley, as stoo creoi, goaill stiagh [[cloreed hodjum]] as floagyn rioee magh 'sy spoar, gollrish [[geeser]], er 200 kilogramyn (440 puint) 'sy tootçhey.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lovett_cosmos&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/features/secret-life-saturns-moon-enceladus/|title=Secret life of Saturn's moon: Enceladus|work=Cosmos Magazine|last=Lovett|first=Richard A.|date=4 Mean Fouyir 2012|accessdate=29 Luanistyn 2013|archivedate=15 Luanistyn 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815095512/http://cosmosmagazine.com/features/secret-life-saturns-moon-enceladus/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Spencer2013a&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Spencer |first1=John R. |last2=Nimmo |first2=F. |s2cid=140646028 |doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124025 |title=Enceladus: An Active Ice World in the Saturn System |journal=[[Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences]] |volume=41 |pages=693–717 |date=Boaldyn 2013 |bibcode=2013AREPS..41..693S}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ny smoo na 100 geeseryn er ny ve feddynit magh.&lt;ref name=&quot;NASA-20140728&quot;&gt;{{cite web |display-authors=etal |last1=Dyches |first1=Preston |last2=Brown |first2=Dwayne |title=Cassini Spacecraft Reveals 101 Geysers and More on Icy Saturn Moon |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-246&amp;2 |date=28 Jerrey Souree 2014 |work=NASA/JPL |accessdate=29 Jerrey Souree 2014 |archivedate=14 Jerrey Souree 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714031155/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-246&amp;2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta cooid jeh'n ghaal ushtey shen tuittym sheese myr &quot;sniaghtey&quot;; ta'n chooid elley scapail as cur rish y stoo ta jannoo yn chooid smoo jeh [[Fainaghyn Harn#Fainey E|fainey&amp;nbsp;E]] Harn.&lt;ref name=&quot;E ring&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nasa.gov/jpl/cassini/icy-tendrils-reaching-into-saturn-ring-traced-to-their-source/|title=Icy Tendrils Reaching into Saturn Ring Traced to Their Source|work=NASA News|date=14 Averil 2015|accessdate=15 Averil 2015|archivedate=16 Averil 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416034254/http://www.nasa.gov/jpl/cassini/icy-tendrils-reaching-into-saturn-ring-traced-to-their-source/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E ring 2006&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA08321|title=Ghostly Fingers of Enceladus|work=NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute |date=19 Mean Fouyir 2006|accessdate=26 Averil 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427010559/http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/photos/imagedetails/index.cfm?imageId=2276|archivedate=27 Averil 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Er lesh sheanseyryn [[NASA]], s'cosoylagh co-heiy ny dossanyn as co-heiy [[comaid]]yn.&lt;ref name=&quot;NS-20080326&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Battersby|first=Stephen|title=Saturn's moon Enceladus surprisingly comet-like|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13541-saturns-moon-enceladus-surprisingly-cometlike.html|date=26 Mayrnt 2008|work=[[New Scientist]]|accessdate=16 Averil 2015|archivedate=30 Mean Souree 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630011601/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13541-saturns-moon-enceladus-surprisingly-cometlike.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayns 2014, ren NASA fogrey magh dy dooar ''Cassini'' feanish bentyn rish [[keayn fo-hallooinagh]] d'ushtey fliugh ec ard y jiass as eh mysh 10 km (6 mi) er çheeid. Voish y fogrey magh shen, ta sheanseyryn er ny yannoo clowanyn maddaghtoil as coipyn jeh'n cheayn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Tjoa|first1=J. N. K. Y.|last2=Mueller|first2=M.|last3=Tak|first3=F. F. S. van der|date=2020-04-01|title=The subsurface habitability of small, icy exomoons|url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2020/04/aa37035-19/aa37035-19.html|journal=Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics|language=en|volume=636|pages=A50|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201937035|arxiv=2003.09231|bibcode=2020A&amp;A...636A..50T|s2cid=214605690|issn=0004-6361}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta baghtyn ny geeseryn shen, chammah as feddynys [[çhiassid sthie]] ta scapail as tiarkaght tuill wuillee ayns ard poullagh y jiass, taishbyney dy nee corpane bio dy creg-oaylleeagh eh Enceladus. Gollrish ram eaystyn elley ayns coryssyn lheeadagh ny [[foawr gas|foawir ghas]], ta Enceladus goit ayns [[aavuilley cruinlagh]]. Ta'n aavuilley echey rish [[Dione (eayst)|Dione]] cur bree rish e [[corrid chruinlagh|chorrid chruinlagh]]. Ta'n chorrid shen [[corrillagh mooghee|mooghit]] liorish [[forse tidee|forsaghyn tidee]], [[çhiow tidee|çhiow]] yn çheusthie echey dy tidee as greesaghey yn gastey creg-oaylleeagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;Efroimsky_2018a&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last=Efroimsky|first=M.|title=Tidal viscosity of Enceladus|journal=Icarus|volume=300|date=1 Jerrey Geuree 2018|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.09.013|pages=223–226|arxiv=1706.09000|bibcode=2018Icar..300..223E|s2cid=119462312}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;!--''Cassini'' performed chemical analysis of Enceladus's plumes, finding evidence for [[hydrothermal]] activity,&lt;ref name=&quot;Waite et al. 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |pmid=28408597 |year=2017 | last1=Waite | first1=Jack Hunter Jr. |title=Cassini finds molecular hydrogen in the Enceladus plume: Evidence for hydrothermal processes |url=https://archive.org/details/science_2017-04-14_356_6334/page/155 |journal=Science |volume=356 |issue=6334 |pages=155–159 |last2=Glein |first2=C. R. |last3=Perryman |first3=R. S. |last4=Teolis |first4=Ben D. |last5=Magee |first5=B. A. |last6=Miller |first6=G. |last7=Grimes |first7=J. |last8=Perry |first8=M. E. |last9=Miller |first9=K. E. |last10=Bouquet |first10=A. |last11=Lunine |first11=Jonathan I. |last12=Brockwell |first12=T. |last13=Bolton |first13=S. J. |doi=10.1126/science.aai8703 |bibcode=2017Sci...356..155W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hsu et al. 2015&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Hsu|first1=Hsiang-Wen|last2=Postberg|first2=Frank|display-authors=etal|title=Ongoing hydrothermal activities within Enceladus|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_nature_2015-03-12_519_7542/page/n88|journal=Nature|date=March 11, 2015|volume=519|issue=7542|pages=207–10|doi=10.1038/nature14262|bibcode=2015Natur.519..207H|pmid=25762281|s2cid=4466621}}&lt;/ref&gt; possibly driving complex chemistry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Postberg et al. 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Postberg, Frank |display-authors=etal |title=Macromolecular organic compounds from the depths of Enceladus |date=June 27, 2018 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=558 |issue=7711 |pages=564–568 |doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0246-4 |pmid=29950623 |pmc=6027964 |bibcode=2018Natur.558..564P }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ongoing research on ''Cassini'' data suggests that Enceladus's hydrothermal environment could be habitable to some of Earth's [[hydrothermal vent]]'s [[microorganisms]], and that plume-found methane could be produced by such organisms.&lt;ref name=&quot;Taubner et al. 2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal| doi = 10.1038/s41467-018-02876-y| issn = 2041-1723| volume = 9| issue = 1| pages = 748| last1 = Taubner| first1 = Ruth-Sophie| last2 = Pappenreiter| first2 = Patricia| last3 = Zwicker| first3 = Jennifer| last4 = Smrzka| first4 = Daniel| last5 = Pruckner| first5 = Christian| last6 = Kolar| first6 = Philipp| last7 = Bernacchi| first7 = Sébastien| last8 = Seifert| first8 = Arne H.| last9 = Krajete| first9 = Alexander| last10 = Bach| first10 = Wolfgang| last11 = Peckmann| first11 = Jörn| last12 = Paulik| first12 = Christian| last13 = Firneis| first13 = Maria G.| last14 = Schleper| first14 = Christa| last15 = Rittmann| first15 = Simon K.-M. R.| title = Biological methane production under putative Enceladus-like conditions| journal = Nature Communications| date = 2018-02-27| pmid = 29487311| pmc = 5829080| bibcode = 2018NatCo...9..748T}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Affholder et al. 2021&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |author=Affholder, Antonin |display-authors=et al. |title=Bayesian analysis of Enceladus's plume data to assess methanogenesis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01372-6 |date=7 June 2021 |journal=[[Nature Astronomy]] |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=805–814 |doi=10.1038/s41550-021-01372-6 |bibcode=2021NatAs...5..805A |s2cid=236220377 |access-date=7 July 2021 |archive-date=July 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707121118/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01372-6 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
==Jeeagh er neesht==
* [[Rolley volcaanyn neuhallooinagh]]

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.ciclops.org/view.php?id=6318 Atlas Enceladus (Boaldyn 2010) jeant ass jallooyn ''Cassini'']
* [https://www.google.com/maps/space/enceladus/@-57.2040629,172.8918819,8043544m/data=!3m1!1e3 Google Enceladus 3D], atlas eddyr-obbragh yn eayst

{{Fo-phlannadyn Harn}}
{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}
[[Ronney:Enceladus| ]]
[[Ronney:Reddyn rollageydagh feddynit magh 'sy vlein 1789|17890828]]
[[Ronney:Feddynyssyn lesh William Herschel]]
[[Ronney:Eaystyn Harn]]
[[Ronney:Eaystyn as cruinlee far-ghraadagh oc]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Planaid neughrianagh</title>
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      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260921sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="16407" sha1="2knu06l05bichux6gkkqz4koifiroc9" xml:space="preserve">[[Coadan:Hr8799 orbit hd.gif|thumb|Kiare planaidyn neughrianagh cruinlaghey noi'n chlag mygeayrt nyn rollage oasteyragh ([[HR 8799]]). Cur my ner nagh baght feer-hraa eh yn feeshan shoh, agh fer va jeant ass 7&amp;ndash;10 jallooyn harrish jeihaght as currit ry-cheilley liorish co-earrooder dys ny gleashaghtyn y eddyr-hoiaghey]]

Ta '''planaid neughrianagh''' çheet er [[planaid]] çheumooie jeh [[Corys ny Greiney]]. Va noteyn screeuit sheese er y chied 'eanish jeh planaid neughrianagh ayns 1917, agh cha row enney currit er ec y traa shen. Haghyr y chied chronneydys feerit ayns 1992. Va planaid elley, va cronnit ayns 1988, feerit ayns 2003. {{Earroo planaidyn neughrianagh|full}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NASA-20220321&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Brennan |first=Pat |title=Cosmic Milestone: NASA Confirms 5,000 Exoplanets |url=https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1702/cosmic-milestone-nasa-confirms-5000-exoplanets/ |date=21 Mayrnt 2022 |work=[[NASA]] |accessdate=2 Averil 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; T'eh jerkit dy vow [[Fodreayrtan Spoar James Webb]] (JWST) magh ny smoo planaidyn neughrianagh, as tooilley fysseree bentyn rish planaidyn neughrianagh, goaill stiagh [[aeraght neuhallooinagh|cummey]], [[Çhymmyltaght najooragh|foaynooyn çhymmyltaghtoil]] as [[Bea neuhallooinagh|cummys y vea]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SA-20230123&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=O'Callaghan |first=Jonthan |title=JWST Heralds a New Dawn for Exoplanet Science – The James Webb Space Telescope is opening an exciting new chapter in the study of exoplanets and the search for life beyond Earth |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jwst-heralds-a-new-dawn-for-exoplanet-science/ |date=23 Jerrey Geuree 2023 |work=[[Scientific American]] |accessdate=23 Jerrey Geuree 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Shymmey [[aght cronnaghey planaidyn neughrianagh]] t'ayn. Va'n chooid smoo jeh planaidyn neughrianagh feddynit magh liorish [[tessenaght rollageydagh|fotomeadraght hessenagh]] as [[spectroscoipaght Doppler]], agh cha nel bai baght leayr oc ta foayraghey cronnaghey planaidyn faggys da'n rollage; myr shen, ta 85% jeh planaidyn neughrianagh t'er cronnaghey soit çheusthie jeh'n chryss [[kiangley tidee|chiangley tidee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=F. J. Ballesteros|author2=A. Fernandez-Soto|author3=V. J. Martinez|title=Title: Diving into Exoplanets: Are Water Seas the Most Common?|date=2019|doi=10.1089/ast.2017.1720|pmid=30789285|journal=[[Astrobiology]]|volume=19|issue=5|pages=642–654|hdl=10261/213115|s2cid=73498809|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayns shiartanse dy chooishyn, va [[Rolley coryssyn yl-phlanaidagh|coryssyn yl-phlanaidagh]] feddynit magh mygeayrt rollage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nature-20120111&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | last1 = Cassan | first1 = A. | last2 = Kubas | first2 = D. | last3 = Beaulieu | first3 = J. -P. | last4 = Dominik | first4 = M. | last5 = Horne | first5 = K. | last6 = Greenhill | first6 = J. | last7 = Wambsganss | first7 = J. | last8 = Menzies | first8 = J. | last9 = Williams | first9 = A. | last10 = Jørgensen | doi = 10.1038/nature10684 | first10 = U. G. | last11 = Udalski | first11 = A. | last12 = Bennett | first12 = D. P. | last13 = Albrow | first13 = M. D. | last14 = Batista | first14 = V. | last15 = Brillant | first15 = S. | last16 = Caldwell | first16 = J. A. R. | last17 = Cole | first17 = A. | last18 = Coutures | first18 = C. | last19 = Cook | first19 = K. H. | last20 = Dieters | first20 = S. | last21 = Prester | first21 = D. D. | last22 = Donatowicz | first22 = J. | last23 = Fouqué | first23 = P. | last24 = Hill | first24 = K. | last25 = Kains | first25 = N. | last26 = Kane | first26 = S. | last27 = Marquette | first27 = J. -B. | last28 = Martin | first28 = R. | last29 = Pollard | first29 = K. R. | last30 = Sahu | first30 = K. C.| title = One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2012-01-12_481_7380/page/167 | journal = Nature | volume = 481 | issue = 7380 | pages = 167–169 | date=11 Jerrey Souree 2012| pmid =  22237108| bibcode=2012Natur.481..167C|arxiv = 1202.0903 | s2cid = 2614136 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta mysh 1 as dagh 5 [[Cosoylaght ghreiney|rollage gollrish y Ghrian]]&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;footnoteA&quot;&gt;Ry-hoi'n staddyssaght 1 as 5 shoh, ta &quot;gollrish y Ghrian&quot; çheet er [[rollage jeh'n torçh G]]. Cha row fysseree da rollageyn gollrish y Ghrian ry-gheddyn as, kyndagh rish shen, ta'n staddyssaght shoh çheet ass fysseree bentyn rish [[rollage jeh'n torçh K|rollageyn jeh'n torçh K]].&lt;/ref&gt; goaill stiagh planaidyn &quot;jeh mooadys y [[Yn Dowan|Dowan]]&quot;&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;footnoteB&quot;&gt;Ry-hoi'n staddyssaght 1 as 5 shoh, ta &quot;mooadys y Dowan&quot; çheet er 1&amp;ndash;2 chraue raadeeoil y Dowan.&lt;/ref&gt; 'sy [[cryss yn-vaghey|chryss yn-vaghey]].&lt;ref group=lower-alpha name=footnoteC&gt;Ry-hoi'n staddyssaght 1 as 5 shoh, ta &quot;cryss yn-vaghey&quot; çheet er yn ard as 0.25&amp;ndash;4 keayrtyn flusk rollageagh y Dowan echey (co-reggyrt rish 0.5–2 AU da'n Ghrian).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ucb1in5&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sanders|first=R.|date=4 Sauin 2013|title=Astronomers answer key question: How common are habitable planets?|url=http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/11/04/astronomers-answer-key-question-how-common-are-habitable-planets/|work=newscenter.berkeley.edu|access-date=2023-11-27|archive-date=2014-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107081158/http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/11/04/astronomers-answer-key-question-how-common-are-habitable-planets/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;earthsunhz&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Petigura |first1=E. A.|last2=Howard |first2=A. W.|last3=Marcy |first3=G. W.|date=2013|title=Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2013-11-26_110_48/page/19273 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]|volume= 110|issue= 48|pages=19273–19278|arxiv= 1311.6806|bibcode= 2013PNAS..11019273P|doi=10.1073/pnas.1319909110|pmid=24191033|pmc=3845182|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gra dy vel 200 billoonyn dy rollageyn ayns Raad Mooar Gorree,&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;footnoteD&quot;&gt;Ta mysh 1/4 dy rollageyn nyn rollageyn GK gollrish y Ghrian. Cha nel fys shickyr ayn bentyn rish earroo ny rollageyn, agh my vel shin gra dy vel 200&amp;nbsp;billoonyn dy rollageyn ayn, vees 50&amp;nbsp;billoonyn dy rollageyn GK gollrish y Ghrian, as 1 as 5 jeh (22%) ny 11&amp;nbsp;villoon jeu lesh planaidyn jeh mooadys y Dowan 'sy chryss yn-vaghey. Goaill stiagh crivassanyn jiarg, ta'n earroo shen mooadaghey dys 40&amp;nbsp;billoonyn.&lt;/ref&gt; t'eh oolit dy vel 11 villoon planaidyn jeh mooadys y Dowan ayns Raad Mooar Gorree as cummys y vea ayn, girree dys 40 billoonyn dy phlanaidyn my vel shin coontey planaidyn ta cruinlaghey [[crivassan jiarg|crivassanyn jiarg]] 'syn earroo.&lt;ref name=&quot;LATimes-20131104&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Khan |first=Amina |title=Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets |url=http://www.latimes.com/science/la-sci-earth-like-planets-20131105,0,2673237.story |date=4 Sauin 2013 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=5 Sauin 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

She [[PSR B1257+12 A|Draugr]] (ta enmyssit PSR B1257+12 A ny PSR B1257+12 b chammah) y planaid neughrianagh sloo, ta daa cheayrt ny smoo na glout [[yn Eayst]]. She [[HR 2562 b]] y planaid smoo er y [[NASA Exoplanet Archive]],&lt;ref name=&quot;CT-Exo-2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=HR 2562 b |url=https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=HR+2562+b&amp;type=CONFIRMED_PLANET |work=[[Caltech]] |accessdate=15 Toshiaght Arree 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HR-2562&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |author=Konopacky, Quinn M. |author2=Rameau, Julien |author3=Duchêne, Gaspard |author4=Filippazzo, Joseph C. |author5=Giorla Godfrey, Paige A. |author6=Marois, Christian |author7=Nielsen, Eric L. |title=Discovery of a Substellar Companion to the Nearby Debris Disk Host HR 2562 |bibcode=2016ApJ...829L...4K |date=20 Mean Fouyir 2016 |arxiv=1608.06660 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |doi=10.3847/2041-8205/829/1/L4 |volume=829 |issue=1 |page=10|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/20763/1/20763.pdf |hdl=10150/621980 |s2cid=44216698 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Maire |first1=A. |last2=Rodet |first2=L. |last3=Lazzoni |first3=C. |last4=Boccaletti |first4=A. |last5=Brandner |first5=W. |last6=Galicher |first6=R. |last7=Cantalloube |first7=F. |last8=Mesa |first8=D. |last9=Klahr |first9=H. |last10=Beust |first10=H. |last11=Chauvin |first11=G. |last12=Desidera |first12=S. |last13=Janson |first13=M. |last14=Keppler |first14=M. |last15=Olofsson |first15=J. |last16=Augereau |first16=J. |last17=Daemgen |first17=S. |last18=Henning |first18=T. |last19=Thébault |first19=P. |last20=Bonnefoy |first20=M. |last21=Feldt |first21=M. |last22=Gratton |first22=R. |last23=Lagrange |first23=A. |last24=Langlois |first24=M. |last25=Meyer |first25=M. R. |last26=Vigan |first26=A. |last27=D’Orazi |first27=V. |last28=Hagelberg |first28=J. |last29=Le Coroller |first29=H. |last30=Ligi |first30=R. |last31=Rouan |first31=D. |last32=Samland |first32=M. |last33=Schmidt |first33=T. |last34=Udry |first34=S. |last35=Zurlo |first35=A. |last36=Abe |first36=L. |last37=Carle |first37=M. |last38=Delboulbé |first38=A. |last39=Feautrier |first39=P. |last40=Magnard |first40=Y. |last41=Maurel |first41=D. |last42=Moulin |first42=T. |last43=Pavlov |first43=A. |last44=Perret |first44=D. |last45=Petit |first45=C. |last46=Ramos |first46=J. R. |last47=Rigal |first47=F. |last48=Roux |first48=A. |last49=Weber |first49=L. |date=2018 |title=VLT/SPHERE astrometric confirmation and orbital analysis of the brown dwarf companion HR 2562 B |journal=Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics |volume=615 |pages= A177| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201732476|arxiv=1804.04584 |bibcode=2018A&amp;A...615A.177M | doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; as eh 30 keayrtyn ny smoo na glout [[Jupiter]]. Ansherbee, rere keeayllaghtyn ennagh elley da planaid (bunnit er co-lheie çheshveanagh y [[deuterium]]), t'eh ro-vooar dy ve coontit myr planaid as foddee dy nee [[crivassan dhone]] t'eh. Ta fir jeh ny planaidyn cruinlaghey nyn rollage ny sloo na un oor, agh ta fir elley cruinlaghey feie thousaneyn dy vleeantyn. Ta fir jeh ny planaidyn neughrianagh cho foddey voish y rollage oasteyragh dy vel eh doillee gra dy vel ad kianglt r'ee. 

Ta begnagh dagh planaid neughrianagh er ny ve feddynit magh ayns Raad Mooar Gorree. Ansherbee, ta feanish ayn dy vel planaidyn neughrianagh ayn ayns co-rollageyssyn elley.&lt;ref name=&quot;NG-20180205&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Zachos |first=Elaine |title=More Than a Trillion Planets Could Exist Beyond Our Galaxy – A new study gives the first evidence that exoplanets exist beyond the Milky Way. |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/exoplanets-discovery-milky-way-galaxy-spd|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428194238/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/exoplanets-discovery-milky-way-galaxy-spd|url-status=dead|archivedate=28 Averil 2021|date=5 Toshiaght Arree 2018 |work=[[National Geographic Society]] |accessdate=5 Toshiaght Arree 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GZM-20180205&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Mandelbaum |first=Ryan F. |title=Scientists Find Evidence of Thousands of Planets in Distant Galaxy |url=https://gizmodo.com/scientists-find-evidence-of-thousands-of-planets-in-dis-1822727151 |date=5 Toshiaght Arree 2018 |work=[[Gizmodo]] |accessdate=5 Toshiaght Arree 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta [[Rolley ny planaidyn neughrianagh s'niessey|ny planaidyn neughrianagh s'niessey]] soit 4.2 [[sollys-vlein|sollys-vleeantyn]] (1.3 [[parsec]]yn) voish y Dowan as t'ad cruinlaghey [[Proxima Centauri]], y rollagey s'niessey da'n Ghrian.&lt;ref name=&quot;proxima b discovery paper&quot;&gt;{{cite journal| bibcode = 2016Natur.536..437A| title = A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri| journal = Nature| volume = 536| issue = 7617| pages = 437–440| last1 = Anglada-Escudé| first1 = Guillem| last2 = Amado| first2 = Pedro J.| last3 = Barnes| first3 = John| last4 = Berdiñas| first4 = Zaira M.| last5 = Butler| first5 = R. Paul| last6 = Coleman| first6 = Gavin A. L.| last7 = de la Cueva| first7 = Ignacio| last8 = Dreizler| first8 = Stefan| last9 = Endl| first9 = Michael| last10 = Giesers| first10 = Benjamin| last11 = Jeffers| first11 = Sandra V.| last12 = Jenkins| first12 = James S.| last13 = Jones| first13 = Hugh R. A.| last14 = Kiraga| first14 = Marcin| last15 = Kürster| first15 = Martin| last16 = López-González| first16 = María J.| last17 = Marvin| first17 = Christopher J.| last18 = Morales| first18 = Nicolás| last19 = Morin| first19 = Julien| last20 = Nelson| first20 = Richard P.| last21 = Ortiz| first21 = José L.| last22 = Ofir| first22 = Aviv| last23 = Paardekooper| first23 = Sijme-Jan| last24 = Reiners| first24 = Ansgar| last25 = Rodríguez| first25 = Eloy| last26 = Rodríguez-López| first26 = Cristina| last27 = Sarmiento| first27 = Luis F.| last28 = Strachan| first28 = John P.| last29 = Tsapras| first29 = Yiannis| last30 = Tuomi| first30 = Mikko| first31=Mathias|last31=Zechmeister| display-authors  = 3| year = 2016| arxiv = 1609.03449| doi = 10.1038/nature19106| pmid = 27558064| s2cid = 4451513| url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19106}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta feddynys planaidyn neughrianagh er ny chur dy mooar rish yn anaase ayns ronsaghey magh y [[bea neuhallooinagh|vea neuhallooinagh]]. S'mooar yn anaase er lheh ayns planaidyn ta cruinlaghey 'sy [[cryss yn-vaghey|chryss yn-vaghey]] raad foddee shiu çheet er ushtey ushlagh er yn eaghtyr, roie-chonaant da'n [[bea|vea]] myr ta fys ain. Ansherbee, ta studeyrys yn [[yn-vaghey planaidagh]] coontey ram faghteyryn elley tra t'eh reaghey jeshid planaid da'n vea.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-20150106-DB&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=As Ranks of Goldilocks Planets Grow, Astronomers Consider What's Next |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/science/space/as-ranks-of-goldilocks-planets-grow-astronomers-consider-whats-next.html |archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/science/space/as-ranks-of-goldilocks-planets-grow-astronomers-consider-whats-next.html |archivedate=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |date=6 Jerrey Geuree 2015 |work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta [[planaid rouailtagh|planaidyn rouailtagh]] çheet orroosyn nagh vel cruinlaghey rollage erbee. Ta lheid corpane shen coontit myr ronney elley jeh planaidyn, [[foawr gas|foawir ghas]] er lheh ta coontit myr [[crivassan fo-ghone|crivassanyn fo-ghoan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|first1=C. |last1=Beichman|first2=Christopher R. |last2=Gelino|first3=J. Davy|last3=Kirkpatrick|first4=Michael C. |last4=Cushing|first5=Sally |last5=Dodson-Robinson|first6=Mark S.|last6=Marley|first7=Caroline V. |last7=Morley|first8=E. L. |last8=Wright|year=2014|title=WISE Y Dwarfs As Probes of the Brown Dwarf-Exoplanet Connection|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=783 |issue=2 |page=68|arxiv=1401.1194 |bibcode=2014ApJ...783...68B|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/68|s2cid=119302072}}&lt;/ref&gt; T'eh graït dy vel ny smoo na billoonyn dy phlanaidyn rouailtagh ayn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-03-13|title=A Guide to Lonely Planets in the Galaxy|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/a-guide-to-lonely-planets-in-the-galaxy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518220530/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/a-guide-to-lonely-planets-in-the-galaxy|url-status=dead |archivedate=18 Boaldyn 2021|accessdate=2022-01-17|website=National Geographic | last = Drake | first = Nadia | author-link = Nadia Drake | language=Baarle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Strigari |first1=L. E. |last2=Barnabè |first2=M.|last3=Marshall |first3=P. J.|last4=Blandford|first4=R. D.|title=Nomads of the Galaxy |date=2012 |volume=423 |issue=2 |pages=1856–1865 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |arxiv=1201.2687 |bibcode=2012MNRAS.423.1856S|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21009.x|s2cid=119185094}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Noteyn==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{Commons category|Exoplanets|Planaidyn neughrianagh}}
* [http://www.exoplanet.eu/ The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia] ([[Reayrtlann Phaarys]])
* [http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ NASA Exoplanet Archive]

{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}
[[Ronney:Oaylleeaght phlanaidyn neughrianagh]]
[[Ronney:Planaidyn neughrianagh| ]]
[[Ronney:SETI]]
[[Ronney:Sorçhyn dy phlanaidyn|Neughrianagh]]
[[Ronney:Smooinaghtyn 'sy rollageydys]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Red classicagh chryss Kuiper</title>
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      <text bytes="6865" sha1="l46dh7soexvk30n9cbxdpvbg7h8dy2b" xml:space="preserve">[[Coadan:UltimaThule_CA06_color_20190516.png|thumb|[[486958 Arrokoth]], y chied chorpane classicagh jeh cryss Kuiper ren [[Rolley myn-phlanaidyn ren siyn spoar keayrt orroo|ren saagh spoar keayrt er]].]]
[[Coadan:Cubewanos.png|thumb|Cruinlee ''cubewano''yn eigsoylagh ayns cosoylaght rish cruinlagh [[Neptioon]] (gorrym) as [[Pluto]] (bane-yiarg)]]

'''Red classicagh chryss Kuiper''', ta enyssit '''cubewano''' (&quot;QB1-o&quot;) chammah,{{efn|Ga dy nee enmys shenn-emshiragh t'eh, ta &quot;cubewano&quot; foast ymmydit lesh y Minor Planet Center da'n rolley oc bentyn rish myn-phlanaidyn foddey.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/mpec/K10/K10S44.html |title=Distant Minor Planets}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} she corpane ayns [[cryss Kuiper]] (KBO) marish corrid injil ta [[cruinlaghey]] çheu hoal jeh [[Neptioon]] as nagh vel stiurit lesh [[Corpane tessen-Neptioonagh aavuiltagh|aavuilley cruinlagh marish Neptioon]]. Ta cruinlee  40–50&amp;nbsp;[[unnid rollageydagh|AU]] er [[essylys lieh-vooar]] ec ''cubewano''yn as, neughollrish [[Pluto]], cha nel ad tessenaghey cruinlagh Neptioon. T'eh meanal dy vel [[corrid chruinlagh|corrid]] injil as, keayrtyn, [[cleayn cruinlagh|cleayn]] injil oc, gollrish ny planaidyn classicagh.

Ta'n ennym &quot;cubewano&quot; çheet ass y chied [[corpane tessen-Neptioonagh|chorpane tessen-Neptioonagh]] (TNO) va feddynit lurg Pluto as [[Charon (eayst)|Charon]]: [[15760 Albion]], va enmyssit dy shallidagh myr (15760) {{mp|1992 QB|1}} derrey Jerrey Geuree 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb/def_classical.html |title=Classical Kuiper Belt Objects |author-link=David Jewitt |first=David |last=Jewitt |publisher=UCLA |access-date=1 Jerrey Souree 2013 |archive-date=2017-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513005732/http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb/def_classical.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Va corpaneyn cosoylagh enmyssit dy mennick myr &quot;QB1-o&quot;, or &quot;cubewanos&quot; (''cubewanoyn''), ass y chorpane shen, ga dy vel yn enmys &quot;classicagh&quot; ymmydit ny s'menkey 'sy lettyraght oaylleeaght.

Ta corpaneyn enmyssit myr ''cubewano''yn goaill stiagh:
* [[15760 Albion]]&lt;ref name=K10B62 /&gt; (enmyssit myr {{mp|1992 QB|1}} chammah as chur rish yn enmys &quot;cubewano&quot;)
* [[Makemake|136472 Makemake]], [[planaid crivassanagh]]&lt;ref name=K10B62 /&gt; 
* [[50000 Quaoar]] as [[20000 Varuna]], y daa jeu coontit myr y TNO smoo ec traa nyn veddyssynyn&lt;ref name=K10B62 /&gt; 
* [[19521 Chaos]], [[58534 Logos]], [[53311 Deucalion]], [[66652 Borasisi]], [[88611 Teharonhiawako]]
* {{mpl|(33001) 1997 CU|29}}, {{mpl|(55636) 2002 TX|300}}, [[55565 Aya]], {{mpl|(55637) 2002 UX|25}}
* [[486958 Arrokoth]]

Va [[Haumea|136108 Haumea]] rang-oardit myr ''cubewano'' dy shallidagh hoshiaght lesh y [[Minor Planet Center]] ayns 2006,&lt;ref name=K06X45&gt;{{cite web |date=2006-12-12 |title=MPEC 2006-X45: Distant Minor Planets |url=https://minorplanetcenter.net//mpec/K06/K06X45.html |access-date=2008-10-03 |df=dmy-all |publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center &amp; Tamkin Foundation Computer Network}}&lt;/ref&gt; agh v'eh feddynit magh ny s'anmey dy vel cruinlagh aavuiltagh echey.&lt;ref name=K10B62&gt;
{{cite web |date=2010-01-30 |title=MPEC 2010-B62: Distant Minor Planets (2010 FEB. 13.0 TT) |author=Brian G. Marsden |department=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/mpec/K10/K10B62.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904012403/http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/mpec/K10/K10B62.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-09-04 |df=dmy-all |access-date=2010-07-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rolley ==
{{Ardart|Rolley corpaneyn tessen-Neptioonagh#Rolley}}

Shoh rolley keintagh jeh corpanyn classicagh chryss Kuiper. Rish Jerrey Souree 2023, ta mysh 870&amp;nbsp;corpaneyn marish {{nowrap|q &gt; 40 AU}} as {{nowrap|Q &lt; 48 AU}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;MPC_list&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_by_properties?perihelion_distance_min=40&amp;aphelion_distance_max=48 |title={{nowrap|q &gt; 40 AU}} and {{nowrap|Q &lt; 48 AU}} |website=minorplanetcenter.net |department=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |access-date=31 Jerrey Souree 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* [[15760 Albion]]
* [[20000 Varuna]]
* [[307261 Máni]]
* {{mpl|(307616) 2003 QW|90}}
* {{mpl|(444030) 2004 NT|33}}
* {{mpl|(308193) 2005 CB|79}}
* {{mpl|(119951) 2002 KX|14}}
* {{mpl|(120178) 2003 OP|32}}
* [[120347 Salacia]]
* {{mpl|(144897) 2004 UX|10}}
* [[145452 Ritona]]
* {{mpl|(145453) 2005 RR|43}}
* [[148780 Altjira]]
* {{mpl|(15807) 1994 GV|9}}
* {{mpl|(16684) 1994 JQ|1}}
* [[174567 Varda]]
* {{mpl|(19255) 1994 VK|8}}
* [[19521 Chaos]]
* {{mpl|(202421) 2005 UQ|513}}
* {{mpl|(24835) 1995 SM|55}}
* {{mpl|(24978) 1998 HJ|151}}
* {{mpl|(278361) 2007 JJ|43}}
* {{mpl|(33001) 1997 CU|29}}
* [[486958 Arrokoth]]
* [[50000 Quaoar]]
* {{mpl|(52747) 1998 HM|151}}
* [[53311 Deucalion]]
* [[55565 Aya]]
* {{mpl|(55636) 2002 TX|300}}
* {{mpl|(55637) 2002 UX|25}}
* [[58534 Logos]]
* [[66652 Borasisi]]
* {{mpl|(69987) 1998 WA|25}}
* [[79360 Sila–Nunam]]
* {{mpl|(79983) 1999 DF|9}}
* {{mpl|(85627) 1998 HP|151}}
* {{mpl|(85633) 1998 KR|65}}
* {{mpl|(86047) 1999 OY|3}}
* [[88611 Teharonhiawako]]
* {{mpl|(90568) 2004 GV|9}}

== Jeeagh er neesht ==
* [[Rolley corpaneyn rollageydagh]]

== Fo-noteyn ==
{{notelist|1}}

== Imraaghyn ==
{{reflist|25em}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{Commonscat|Classical Kuiper belt objects|Reddyn classicagh chryss Kuiper}}
*{{cite web |first=David |last=Jewitt |author-link=David Jewitt |url=http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb.html |title=Kuiper belt site |publisher=UCLA |access-date=2025-08-19 |archive-date=2012-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302032019/http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/kb.html |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/ekonews/ |title=The Kuiper Belt Electronic Newsletter |access-date=2025-08-19 |archive-date=2010-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119220535/http://www.boulder.swri.edu/ekonews/ |url-status=dead }}
*{{citation |department=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/TNOs.html |website=minorplanetcenter.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827234817/http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/TNOs.html |archive-date=2010-08-27 |df=dmy-all |title=List of Trans-Neptunian objects}}
*{{cite web |title=TNO pages |url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnos.html |website=johnstonarchive.net}}
*{{cite web |title=Plot of the current positions of bodies in the Outer Solar System |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/OuterPlot.html |website=minorplanetcenter.org |department=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics }}

{{Corpaneyn tessen-Neptioonagh}}
{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}

[[Ronney:Reddyn classicagh chryss Kuiper| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Carolina Abril</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="4204" sha1="tc5ukfwdtsoi6piacjrc6q1j2tfecde" xml:space="preserve">{{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney
| enmyn_elley = Carolina Ferrer
| boayl_ruggyr = [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[ny h-Ellanyn Canaaragh]], [[Yn Spaainey|y Spaainey]]
| ashoonaght = [[Spaainee|Spaainagh]]
| bleeantyngobbyr = 2012&amp;ndash;2020
| towshan = 34C-25-35
| trimmid = {{cvt|51|kg}}
| yrjid = {{yrjid|m=1.65}}
}}
She [[aghteyr pornograafagh|eear-ven-aghteyr pornograafagh]] as [[stroodeyr]] Spaainagh ee '''Carolina Abril''' (ruggit myr '''Carolina Ferrer''' ayns [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], [[Yn Spaainey|y Spaainey]] er 19 Jerrey Souree 1992).

== Beashnys ==
Hoshee Abril gobbraghey 'sy çhynskyl pornograafagh 'sy vlein 2012 tra v'ee 18 bleeaney d'eash tra hie ee dys e kied chloie-reihys.&lt;ref name=sur&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.diariosur.es/gente-estilo/201601/03/carolina-abril-tinerfena-elegida-20160102235405.html|title= Así es Carolina Abril, la tinerfeña elegida mejor actriz porno de 2015|accessdate= 21 Sauin 2016|work= Diario Sur|language=Spaainish}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ren ee obbraghey marish y jantagh fillym pornograafagh Spaainagh [[Torbe]] er e ghuillag ynnyd-eggey, [[Putalocura]].

'Sy vlein 2013, ren ee cosney yn taishbynys an-ghraagh er-linney ''La Mansión de Nacho'', va stiurit lesh yn aghteyr as y stiureyder [[Nacho Vidal]].&lt;ref name=mundo&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.elmundo.es/vida-sana/bienestar/2016/03/08/56d96a16e2704ed37f8b4630.html|title= Fruta, verdura y agua: las claves de la estrella del porno Carolina Abril para rendir más en la cama|accessdate= 21 Sauin 2016|work= El Mundo|language=Spaainish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=sur/&gt;

Veih'n toshiaght eck 'sy phornograafaght, t'ee er obbraghey marish ny seyrlannyn [[Evil Angel]], [[Girlfriends Films]], [[Brazzers]], [[Lust Films]], as [[Private Media Group|Private]], mastey seyrlannyn elley.

Ayns 2014 as 2016, hooar ee daa enmyssaght ec [[Aundyr XBIZ|Aundyryn XBIZ]] son Ellyneyr Bwoirrin Joarree yn Vlein.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php |title= 2014 XBIZ Awards Nominees |accessdate= 21 Sauin 2016|work= XBIZ|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131123141430/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php |archivedate= 23 Sauin 2013|language=Baarle}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|title= 2016 XBIZ Awards Nominees|accessdate= 21 Sauin 2016|work= XBIZ|language= Baarle|archive-date= 2014-10-06|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101433/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|url-status= dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayns Mee ny Nollick 2015, va Abril soilshit er coodagh yn earishlioar ''[[Interviú]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.interviu.es/reportajes/articulos/ |work=Interviú|title= La actriz Carolina Abril, portada de interviú |accessdate= 21 Sauin 2016|editorial= Interviú |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170509032426/http://www.interviu.es/reportajes/articulos/la-actriz-carolina-abril-portada-de-interviu|archivedate= 9 Boaldyn 2017|language=Spaainish}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bentyn rish e keintyssaght, ayns ram co-akinyn ta Abril cur sheese urree hene myr dooinney [[ooilley-cheintyssagh]].&lt;ref name = mundo /&gt;

Ayns Mee Houney 2020, ren ee fogrey magh trooid yn ardan [[Twitch]], as trooid e moggylyn sheshoil ny s'anmey, dy row ee girree ass çhynskyl ny filmyn pornograafagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.eldia.es/sociedad/2020/11/11/actriz-porno-tinerfena-carolina-abril-23047588.html|title= La actriz porno tinerfeña, Carolina Abril, se retira|language = Spaainish| accessdate= 11 Sauin 2020|work= El Día}}&lt;/ref&gt; Derrey yn fogrey shen, va Abril er chloie ayns ny smoo na 150 fillym myr ben-aghteyr.&lt;ref name=iafd&gt;{{IAFD ennym|gender=f|id=carolinaabril}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Imraaghyn==
{{rolleyimraaghyn}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{commonscat}}
* {{IMDb name|5700987}}
* {{IAFD ennym|gender=f|id=carolinaabril}}
* [http://twitter.com/carolina_abril Carolina Abril] er [[Twitter]]
* [https://www.instagram.com/abrilcarolinax Carolina Abril] er [[Instagram]]

{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abril, Carolina}}
[[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1992]]
[[Ronney:Feallee ass Santa Cruz de Tenerife]]
[[Ronney:Aghteyryn pornograafagh bwoirrin Spaainagh]]
[[Ronney:Craishteyderyn an-ghraagh bwoirrin Spaainagh]]
[[Ronney:Strooderyn Twitch]]
[[Ronney:Crootee OnlyFans]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh</title>
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      <text bytes="8124" sha1="8dqkbac3rxrz8r6qpfqkmsdq77ot7hq" xml:space="preserve">{{Kishtey fys slieau
| ennym = Ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh
| ennym_elley = {{lang|it|''Campi Flegrei''}} {{it jalloo}}
| jalloo = VedutaEremo2.jpg
| fo-heidyl = Ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh, veih [[Bwaagaght Camaldoli]] ayns [[Napoli]]
| yrjid_m = 458
| imraa_yrjid = &lt;ref name=&quot;SI&quot;&gt;{{cite gvp|vn=211010|name=Campi Flegrei|access-date=2016-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| caslys-çheerey = Italy#Europe
| fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey = Soiaghey ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh 'syn Iddaal
| mooadys_caslys-çheerey = 200
| soiaghey_lipaid = top
| rolley = {{enum|[[Rolley ny poyntyn s'yrjey ayns çheeraghyn yn Oarpey|Poyntyn s'yrjey 'syn Oarpey]]|[[Mullagh feer-gheamagh|Ultra]]|[[Ribu]]}}
| soiaghey = [[Ard-valley Moirvaljagh Napoli]], [[Campania]], [[yn Iddaal]]
| coordnaidyn = {{coord|40.827|14.139|type:mountain_region:IT|display=inline,title}}
| coordnaidyn_reayn = 
| imraa_coordnaidyn = &lt;ref name=&quot;SI&quot;/&gt;
| çheer = [[Yn Iddaal]]
| sorçh = [[Caldera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SI&quot;/&gt;
| arc_volcaanagh = [[Arc volcaanagh Campania]]
| bruightey_jerrinagh = 29 Mean Fouyir derrey 6 Jerrey Fouyir 1538&lt;ref name=&quot;SI&quot;/&gt;
| embedded =  {{Infobox mapframe |id=Q755123}}
}}
'''Ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh''' ({{lang-it|Campi Flegrei}}; {{lang-nap|Campe Flegree}}), she [[caldera]] [[volcaan|volcaanagh]] mooarçheu heear veih [[Napoli]] 'stn [[Yn Iddaal|Iddaal]] t'ayn.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/yellowstone_sub_page_49.html |title=Questions About Supervolcanoes |publisher=[[USGS]] Yellowstone Volcano Observatory |work=Volcanic Hazards Program |date=2015-08-21 |access-date=2017-08-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703184836/https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/yellowstone_sub_page_49.html |archive-date=3 Jerrey Souree 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; T'eh coontit mastey kuse veg dy volcaanyn ta mooar dy liooar dy chroo calderaghyn. She ayrn jeh [[arc volcaanagh Campania]] t'eh, cummey ta goaill stiagh [[Slieau Vesuvius]], mysh {{cvt|9|km}} çheu hiar veih Napoli. Ta [[Reayrtlann Vesuvius]] goaill baght er ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Campi Flegrei - stato attuale |url= https://www.ov.ingv.it/index.php/flegrei-stato-attuale |publisher=Vesuvius Observatory |access-date=11 Mee Houney 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ayrn jeh ard-valley Napoli troggit er.
Ny bruightaghyn s'troshey ayn, t'eh er ooley dy row ad 7 er yn [[ayndagh bleastaghys volcaanagh]] (VEI).{{efn|Ta VEI çheet ass Volcanic Explosivity Index 'sy Vaarle}} Dy mennick, ta ny meanyn theayagh genmyssey eh myr [[sur-volcaan]], ga dy vel sur-volcaanyn bruightey er 8 rere y scaaley VEI, y cheim s'yrjey.{{efn|Ta meanyn neu-oaylleeagh er ny hoilshaghey yn ard myr [[sur-volcaan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Howard |first=Brian Clark |title=One of Earth's Most Dangerous Supervolcanoes Is Rumbling |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/supervolcano-campi-flegrei-stirs-under-naples-italy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405175312/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/supervolcano-campi-flegrei-stirs-under-naples-italy |archive-date=5 Averil 2021 |website=Nationalgeographc.com |date=22 Mee ny Nollick 2016 |publisher=National Geographic}}&lt;/ref&gt; agh cha nel eh roshtyn ny slatyn towshe ta soit lesh volcaan-oaylleeyn: [[bruightey volcaanagh|bruightey]] lesh [[ayndagh bruightaghys volcaanagh]] (VEI) er 8,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=de Silva, Shanaka|title=Arc magmatism, calderas, and supervolcanos|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_geology_2008-08_36_8/page/671|journal=Geology|year=2008|volume=36|issue=8 |page=671 |doi=10.1130/focus082008.1 |bibcode=2008Geo....36..671D|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; y leagh smoo recortyssit er yn ayndagh. T'eh shen meanal dy vel y mooad fooillagh da lheid bruightey ny smoo na {{cvt|1,000|km3}}.

Ta ard y chaldera jeant seose jeh 24 [[slogh cruinn|sloghyn cruinn]] as troggalyssyn volcaanagh. Ta'n chooid smoo jeu ny lhie fo [[Lhoob Napoli]]. Ta cummaghyn deayrtee ry-gheddyn ayns slogh cruinn [[Solfatara (volcaan)|Solfatara]]; v'eh [[Craueeaght sy Çhenn Raue|er credjal 'sy Çhenn Raue]] dy nee eshyn va thie [[Vulcaan (feayn-skeealleydaght)|Vulcaan]], jee yn aile.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1-last=Kozák |editor1-first=Jan |editor2-last=Čermák |editor2-first=Vladimír |year=2010 |title=The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JUcX4-WFxOYC&amp;pg=PA67 |location=[[Dordrecht]] and [[Heidelberg]] |publisher=[[Springer Verlag]] |pages=67–71 &lt;!--|doi=10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_6 |isbn=978-90-481-3325-3--&gt; |lccn=2010920318 |chapter=Phleghraean Fields }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta'n ard cummal phenomenonyn [[bradyseismagh]], ta ry-haishbyney da'n chooid smoo ec [[Macellum di Pozzuoli]], va mee-enmyssit myr toghailteyryn 'sy 18oo eash myr çhiamble [[Serapis]]: ta boandaghyn dy [[Gastrochaenoliteyn|huill veainey]] va faagit lesh [[Lithophaga|eeastyn shliggagh]] er colloonyn marmyr taishbyney dy vel ardjid y laare ayns coreir rish ardjid ny marrey er ny cheaghley harrish ny h-eashyn. Ta [[kiarkley ushtey-hermagh]] foast ry-akin ec [[Lucrinus Lacus|Lucrino]], [[Agnano]], as ayns balley [[Pozzuoli]].

Jiu, ta ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh cummal ny slystyn Naaplagh Agnano as [[Fuorigrotta]], ard Pozzuoli, [[Bacoli]], [[Monte di Procida]], [[Quarto, Campania|Quarto]], ny [[ny h-Ellanyn Phlegraeagh|h-Ellanyn Phlegraeagh]], [[Ischia]], [[Procida]], as [[Vivara]].

Va'n slogh cruinn [[Solfatara (volcaan)|Solfatara]] so-roshtynagh er cassyn derrey 2017, as t'eh cummal ram [[fumarole]]yn gaalagh as ny smoo na 150 lhingaghyn dy laagh broiagh. Ta shiartanse dy fo-chughlinyn as sloghyn cruinn, fer jeu ta lhieent lesh [[Logh Avernus]], nyn lhie çheusthie jeh'n chaldera.

== Galleree ==
{{Gallery |align=center |title= |width=200 |height=200 |captionstyle=text-align:center;
|Coadan:Jacob Philipp Hackert - Campi Flegrei dai Camaldoli.jpg|Caslys jeh ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh lesh Jacob Philipp Hackert (1797).
|Coadan:Panorama con Cratere degli Astroni.jpg|Lane-reayrtys er slogh cruinn Astroni.
|Coadan:Solfatara - Pozzuoli - Campania - Italy - July 11th 2013 - 12.jpg|Nane jeh ny fumaroleyn er [[Solfatara (volcaan)|Solfatara]].
}}

==Jeeagh er neesht==
* [[Rolley volcaanyn 'syn Iddaal]]
* [[Phlegra (feayn-skeealleydaght)]]
* [[Cryss yiarg ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh]]

==Noteyn==
{{Notelist}}

==Imraaghyn==
{{Reflist}}

==Lhaih neesht==
*{{cite book|title=Volcanism in the Campania Plain: Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ignimbrites|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5SwfdvD1-yIC&amp;pg=PA290|year=2006|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-048166-1}}
* {{cite news |author1=Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres |title=An extremely brief reversal of the geomagnetic field, climate variability and a super volcano |url=https://phys.org/news/2012-10-extremely-reversal-geomagnetic-field-climate.html|via=phys.org |publisher=Science X Network |date=16 Jerrey Fouyir 2012 |ref=Physorg-Oct012}}

==Kianglaghyn magh==
{{Commons category|Campi Flegrei}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070709004425/http://www.essc.psu.edu/~bjhaupt/specials/iamg98/flegrei.html Phlegraean Fields] {{in lang|en}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061105001554/http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/excursion_campi.html Volcanological Excursion to Campi Flegrei] {{in lang|en}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040817180935/http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/introduction.html Historical and Geological Introduction to the Neapolitan area] {{in lang|en}}
* {{cite news |last1=Andrews |first1=Robin George |title=Campi Flegrei Volcano's Ancient Cycle Seems to End in Large Eruption |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/science/volcano-eruption-italy.html |work=The New York Times |date=14 Mee Houney 2018 }} {{in lang|en}}

{{gurneil eaghtyrys}}

[[Ronney:Calderaghyn yn Iddaal]]
[[Ronney:Arc volcaanagh Campania]]
[[Ronney:Cummaghyn thallooin Campania]]
[[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Napoli]]
[[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Ard-valley Moirvaljagh Napoli]]
[[Ronney:Pairkyn ayns Campania]]
[[Ronney:Loghyn slogh cruinn volcaanagh]]
[[Ronney:Calderaghyn fo-vooir]]
[[Ronney:Volcaanyn VEI-7]]
[[Ronney:Calderaghyn Pleistoseenagh]]
[[Ronney:Ny Magheryn Phlegraeagh| ]]</text>
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