Wikipedia gvwiki https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ard-ghuillag MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Meanyn Er lheh Resooney Ymmydeyr Resooney ymmydeyr Wikipedia Resooney Wikipedia Coadan Resooney coadan MediaWiki Resooney MediaWiki Clowan Resooney clowan Cooney Resooney cooney Ronney Resooney ronney TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit 0 979 393605 393396 2026-09-25T03:07:00Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Art reiht rollage}} {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym = Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie |jalloo_cleinney = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg |sorçh_cowrey = Armys reeoil <!--cha nel jarroo-raa ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; she jarroo-raa y vonarkaght eh Dieu et mon droit--> |jarroo-raa = none |arrane_ashoonagh = [[God Save the King]] |noteyn_arrane_ashoonagh = She "God Save the King" ("Dy Sauail Jee yn Ree" 'sy Ghaelg) yn [[arrane ashoonagh]] rere cadjinchliaghtey, cha rere yn leigh, as cha nel lhieggan eaghtyrit ayn. Dy cadjin, cha nel agh y chied rane er ghoaill, ga dy vel y nah rane er ghoaill keayrtyn ec taghyrtyn steat as theayagh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Anthem |url=https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |access-date=10 Averil 2024 |website=The Royal Family |archive-date=20 Boaldyn 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130352/https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/national-anthem |url-status=live }}</ref> Ta ny focklyn ''King, he, him, his'', ta ymmydit jiu, scughit as ny focklyn ''Queen, she, her'' currit stiagh 'syn ynnyd oc tra she ben y monark. |coadan_arrane_ashoonagh = United_States_Navy_Band_-_God_Save_the_Queen.ogg |sorçh_çhengaghyn = [[Çhengey ashoonagh]] |çhengey_oikoil = none |çhengaghyn = [[Baarle]] |noteyn_çhengaghyn = Ga nagh vel [[çhengey oikoil|staydys oikoil]] ''[[de jure]]'' ec y Vaarle, ta staydys er lheh currit da'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], da'n [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]], da'n [[Bretnish|Vretnish]], da'n [[Cornish|Chornish]], da [[Gaelg ny h-Albey]], as da'n [[Yernish]] myr [[çhengey ardjynagh|çhengaghyn ardjynagh]] ny [[myn-çhengey|myn-çhengaghyn]] rere y [[Kaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh as Myn-çhengaghyn|Chaart Oarpagh cour Çhengaghyn Ardjynagh ny Myn-çhengaghyn]] lesh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]].<ref name="reglang">{{Cite web |title=List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 |url=http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |access-date=12 Mee ny Nollick 2013 |publisher=[[Coonseil yn Oarpey]] |archive-date=12 Mee ny Nollick 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175720/http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/Commun/ListeDeclarations.asp?CL=ENG&NT=148&VL=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad goaill stiagh currymyn ry hoi cur-er-oaie ny çhengaghyn shen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |website=gov.uk |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014121/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/content-design/welsh-language-on-gov-uk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=4 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804014119/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Welsh language scheme |work=GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |access-date=3 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-date=2 Luanistyn 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802010917/https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about/welsh-language-scheme |url-status=live }}</ref> Chammah's shen, ta staydys enmyssit currit da'n [[Çhengey Chowree Ghoaldagh]]. Jeeagh er [[Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] chammah. |sorçh_reiltys = [[Monarkaght vunraghtoil#Nalbin, Sostyn, as y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Monarkaght vunraghtoil pharlamaidagh]] unnaneagh |ushtey_sy_cheead = 1.34 |blein_LTS_CCK = 2006 |LTS_CCK = $2.270 trillioon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 6oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $37,328 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 13oo |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Crooaght]] |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707]] |date1_bunnit = 1 Boaldyn 1707 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1800]] |date2_bunnit = 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] |date3_bunnit = 12 Averil 1922 |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa Mean Greenwich|GMT]] |ashchur_utc = +00:00 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa Souree Goaldagh|BST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +01:00 }} She çheer ayns sheear hwoaie yn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] ee '''Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie''' ({{langx|en|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}}) ny '''yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit''', yn '''RU''', '''yn Vretyn Vooar''' ny '''Çheer ny Goal''' ny keayrtyn. T'eh ny heer ellanagh<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom | title = Encyclopaedia Britannica | quote = Island country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe | access-date=25 Mean Fouyir 2007}}</ref><ref name="Countries">{{cite web |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |title=Countries within a country |publisher=www.number-10.gov.uk |access-date=13 Mean Souree 2007 |quote=Countries within a country| archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 |archivedate=2008-09-09}}</ref> ta goll reish [[y Vretyn Vooar]], shiar hwoaie [[Nerin]], as ram ellanyn beggey. Cha nel joarey thallooin ayns y Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh ayns [[Nerin Hwoaie]] liorish [[Pobblaght Nerin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899|title = Member States: United Kingdom|access-date = 29 Boaldyn 2006 |publisher = UK Presidency of the EU 2005 |archivedate = 2006-03-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060314081107/http://www.eu2005.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1115141709899}}</ref> Faagail magh y joarey shoh, ta'n RU caglit liorish [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]], [[Mooir Hostyn]], [[Mooir yn Eeaght]], as [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta'n ellan smoo, yn Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[y Rank]] liorish [[Thiollane Vooir Eeaght]]. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny steat unnaneagh as t'eh jeant seose jeh kiare [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|çheeraghyn]]: [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Sostyn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk|access-date = 10 Jerrey Fouyir 2008|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020329130655/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/uk_countries.asp|archive-date=2002-03-29}}</ref> T'eh reillit liorish [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] lesh soiaghey yn reiltys ayns y [[preeu-valley]] [[Lunnin]], agh ta tree [[reirey jeeveanit|reiraghyn ashoonagh jee-veanit]] ayns [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Cayr Deeth]] as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valjyn Nerin Hwoaie, Vretin, as ny h-Albey. Ta'n RU ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]] lesh [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] myr fer toshee y steat. She [[Croghaneyn-crooin]] [[Bayleeaght Guernsey]], [[Bayleeaght Yersee]], as [[Mannin]] as cha nel ad coontit myr ayrn jeh'n RU, agh t'ad jannoo conastey lesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517| title = Key facts about the United Kingdom| access-date = 26 Mean Souree 2008| work = Government, citizens and rights| publisher = [[Directgov]]| quote = The full title of this country is 'the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. 'The UK' is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. 'Great Britain' (or just 'Britain') does not include Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are not part of the UK.| access-date = 2008-11-14| archivedate = 2008-11-15| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081115150128/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012517}}</ref> Ta kiare [[Thallooyn Harrish Mooir Goaldagh]] jeig ec yn RU,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/ | title = FCO global network | work = FCO in Action | publisher = [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] | access-date = 26 Mean Souree 2008 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080331091058/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/fco-in-action/global-network/|archive-date=2008-03-31}}</ref> as t'ad nyn remladyn jeh'n [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]], yn impiraght smoo ayns shennaghys y theihll. Ta Ree Çhalse III foast ny 'er toshee er [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] as ny 'er toshee er dagh ream y cho-unnaneys. == Shennaghys == {{ardart|Shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Sadler, Battle of Waterloo.jpg|left|thumb|Va [[Cah Waterloo]] jerrey [[ny Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]]]] Er 1 Boaldyn 1707, va [[Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ |title=Welcome |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 7 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |title=THE TREATY or Act of the Union |publisher=www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk |accessdate= 27 Luanistyn 2008 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> crooit rere [[unnaneys politickagh]] eddyr [[Reeriaght Hostyn]] (as eh goaill stiagh [[Bretyn]]) as [[Reeriaght ny h-Albey]]. Va'n taghyrt shen ny eiyrtys jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]] as eh fo-screeuit er 22 Jerrey Souree 1706,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/rise_parliament/docs/articles_union.htm |title=Articles of Union with Scotland 1707 |publisher=www.parliament.uk |access-date = 19 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> as eh shickyrit liorish [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] as [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] lesh goaill rish [[Slattyssyn yn Unnaneys 1707|Slattys yn Unnaneys]] ayns 1707. Begnagh keead bleeaney ny s'anmey, va [[Reeriaght Nerin]] kianglt rish Reeriaght y Vretyn Vooar liorish goaill rish [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.actofunion.ac.uk/actofunion.htm#act | title=The Act of Union |publisher=Act of Union Virtual Library |access-date=15 Boaldyn 2006}}</ref> Faagail magh dy row Sostyn as Nalbin nyn steatyn anchaslagh roish 1707, v'ad ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] veih [[Unnaneys ny Crooinyn]] ayns 1603, tra va troyn Reeriaghtyn Hostyn as Nerin eirit ec [[Jamys I Hostyn|Jamys VI Ree ny h-Albey]] as va'n cooyrt reeoil arraghit veih Doon Edin gys Lunnin.<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronology of Scottish History |publisher=Geddes & Grosset |isbn=1855343800 |last=Ross |first=David |date=2002 |quote=''1603:'' James VI becomes James I of England in the Union of the Crowns, and leaves Edinburgh for London |page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Claiming Scotland: National Identity and Liberal Culture |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=1902930169 |last=Hearn |first=Jonathan |date=2002 |quote=Inevitably, James moved his court to London|page=104}}</ref> [[Coadan:British Empire 1897.jpg|thumb|left|Yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] ayns 1897. Ayns 1920 haink urree dy ve ny h-impiraght smoo er y theihll.]] 'Sy chied cheead, va paart mooar ayns lhiasaghey eieyn heear y [[corys ard-whaiylagh|chorys ard-whaiylagh]] as va cohortysyn mooarey jeant ec y çheer ayns lettyraght, ellynyn as oaylleeaght.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferguson |first=Niall |authorlink=Niall Ferguson |year=2003 |title=Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0465023282}}</ref> Cheaghil [[y Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] y çheer as hug eh cooney er lhiasaghey [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ec y traa shen, chammah as çheeraghyn mooarey elley, va paart ec yn RU ayns y [[Coloinaghys|choloinaghys]], goaill stiagh [[cochionneeaght sleab yn Atlantagh]], ga dy dy hie [[Slattys Cochionneeaght Sleab 1807]] ny hrooid. Va'n RU ny chied çheer dy chur jerrey lesh cochionneeaght sleabyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/articles/2007/03/20/abolition_navy_feature.shtml Sailing against slavery. Liorish Jo Loosemore] BBC</ref> Lurg traastagh [[Napoleon I ny Frank|Napoleon]] ayns ny [[Caggaghyn Napoleonagh]], dirree yn RU dy ve ny phreeu-chummaght lhuingyssagh y 19oo eash as hannee yn stayd shen echey derrey yn 20oo eash meanagh. Daase yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh gys y cheim smoo ayns 1921, as hooar eh anney [[Leeg ny h-Ashoonyn]] harrish shen-choloinyn ny Germaan as yn Impiraght Turkagh lurg [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|y Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]]. She trooid çhionnidyn broie ayns Nerin, haghyr [[Slattys Reiltys Nerin 1920|rheynn magh]] yn ellan ayns 1920, as seyrsnys [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] ayns 1922 ny lurg. Hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh yn RU. Myr eiyrtys, ayns 1927, va ennym formoil ny çheerey çhyndaait gys y lhieggan roie, Reeriaght Unnaneysit y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="CAIN">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |title=The Anglo-Irish Treaty, 6 December 1921 |publisher=CAIN |access-date=14 Mee Houney 2008 |archive-date=14 Boaldyn 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145108/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/politics/docs/ait1921.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Coadan:Supermarinespitfire.JPG|thumb|right|[[Cah yn Vretyn Vooar]]. Hannee yn RU ynrican, mastey çheeraghyn cochaarjagh Oarpagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], seyr veih cumaltys ny Natseeyn.]] Rish ny 1920yn, va'n [[BBC]], y chied ghreasane scaalheanee eddyrashoonagh 'sy theihll, currit er bun. Ren yn RU caggey rish [[Yn Ghermaan Natseeagh|y Ghermaan Natseeagh]] myr nane jeh cummaghtyn Cochaarjagh [[Yn Nah Chaggey Dowanagh|y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] as hug eh cooney da'n theihll heear-chaggeeagh. By chyndagh rish y Nah Chaggey Dowanagh va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeeyllit rere argidys. Hug eeasaghtyn costallagh veih'n [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] as veih [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] cooney da'n RU as eh geearree slaanaghey. Ayns bleeantyn jeeragh ny lurg y chaggey, va'n [[steat lhiasee]] Goaldagh currit er bun, goaill stiagh [[Shirveish Ashoonagh ny Slaynt]], nane jeh ny kied corysyn ooilley-ghoaillagh y torçh shen. Rere aggyrtysyn y claanaghey, haink earroo mooar dy 'leih veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as va'n Vretyn Vooar yl-chynneeagh currit er bun. Faagail magh dy row joaraghyn heear-chaggeeagh noa phaart [[Jee-choloinaghey|politickagh]] ny Bretyn Mooar shickyrit liorish [[Geyre-ghaue Huez]] ny bleeaney 1956, va sheeyney magh eddyr-ashoonagh ny [[Baarle]] çheet er cleayney beaynagh [[Lettyragh Ghoaldagh|lettyraght]] as [[Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|cultoor]] Goaldagh. Veih ny 1960yn hooar [[cultoor yn phobbyl|cultoor phobble Ghoaldagh]] cleayney ass y çheer. Lurg keyllaghey tarmaynagh dowanagh as boirey çhynskylagh ayns ny 1970yn, va bishaghey çheetyn stiagh [[ooill Vooir Hostyn]] as lhiasaghey tarmaynagh ayns ny 1980yn. Car toshiaghys [[Margaret Thatcher]] va çhyndaa ayns troa politickagh as tarmaynagh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit; troa t'ayn derrey yn laa t'ain fo currym reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)#Partee yn Lught Obbyr Noa|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr Noa]] fo stiurey [[Tony Blair]] as [[Gordon Brown]] veih 1997. Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh 12 chiaddeyder [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ec y toshiaght ayns 1992 lesh fo-screeuyn [[Conaant Vaastricht]]. Roish shen, v'eh ny oltey jeh'n çheshaght roish shen, y [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] (BTO), veih 1973. Ta ymmyrkey reiltys [[Partee yn Lught Obbyr (RU)|Phartee yn Lught Obbyr]] rish mestey stiagh lesh y çheshaght mestit,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |title=Modest progress but always on back foot |publisher=Times Online |date=21 Mee ny Nollick 2005 |access-date= 16 Boaldyn 2006 |access-date=2008-11-14 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717104113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article775115.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> lesh [[Ny Condaigee (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|ny Condaigee]], yn [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|Partee Cumaadagh]], as ad shassoo er son freayltys cummaghtyn as cummeydysyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx |title=Foreign Affairs and Europe |publisher=Conservative Party |access-date=17 Jerrey Fouyir 2008 |archivedate=2008-09-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929133409/http://www.conservatives.com/Policy/Where_we_stand/Foreign_Affairs_and_Europe.aspx }}</ref> Ec jerrey yn 20oo eash haghyr ceaghlaghyn mooarey ayns reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh bunneeaght reiltysyn ashoonagh [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]] da Nerin Hwoaie, Nalbin as Bretin ny lurg [[Refraneyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|refraneyn]] roie-slattyssagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/1/217 |title=Reforging the Union: Devolution and Constitutional Change in the United Kingdom|publisher= publius.oxfordjournals.org|access-date=7 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> == Reiltys as politickaght == {{ardart|Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Politickaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reihyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny [[reeriaght vunraghtoil]]: ta [[Çhalse III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ree Çhalse III]] ny 'er toshee er yn RU chammah as er kiare [[Ream y Cho-unnaneys|çheeraghyn]] jeig y [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]], as eh cur yn RU ayns [[unnaneys persoonagh]] lesh ny steatyn shen. Ta ny [[Croghane-Crooin|Croghaneyn-Crooin]] [[Mannin]], [[Jersee]] as [[Guernsey]] fo reealtys y Chrooin, as cha nel ad nyn gooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ga-reih ta cooishyn joarree as coadey fo stiurey reiltys yn RU. Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit nane jeh tree çheeraghyn y theihill lesh bunraght nagh vel currit ayns coad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System |title=A Guide To the UK Legal System |author=Sarah Carter |publisher=[[University of Kent|University of Kent at Canterbury]] |access-date=16 Boaldyn 2006 |archivedate=2012-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603172102/http://www.llrx.com/features/uk2.htm#UK%20Legal%20System }}</ref> Ta [[Bunraght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] jeant seose, son y chooid smoo, jeh geillyn screeuit, goaill stiagh slattysyn, leigh caseyn briwnyssit, as conaantyn eddyr-ashoonagh. Er y fa nagh vel anchaslysyn eddyr slattysyn cadjin as "leigh bunraghtoil", foddee [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-whaiyl yn RU]] "aachroo bunraghtoil" y yannoo rere çheet [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl|Aghtyn yn Ard-whaiyl]] ny hrooid, as myr shen ta niart echey geillyn screeuit ny neu-screeuit y vunraght dy cheaghley ny dy scryssey magh. Ansherbee, cha nel Ard-whaiylyn billaghyn goll er hrooid y yannoo as ad noi-cheaghlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/laws/sovereignty.cfm|title=Ynnyd eggey oikoil Ard-whaiyl yn RU}}</ref> [[Coadan:Location of the BOTs.png|thumb|right|[[Thallooin har mooir Goaldagh|Thallooin har mooir]] faagit y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta [[corys ard-whaiylagh]] ec y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as eh bunnit er [[corys y Vannishter Heear]], as t'eh eiyrtit mygeayrt ny Cruinney – sheckteraght yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]]. Ta daa hie – [[Quaiyl Hostyn]] reiht as [[Quaiyl ny Çhiarnyn]] teihyssagh – ayns [[Ard-whaiyl y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] as t'ad çheet ry-cheilley ayns [[Plaase y Vannishter Heear]]. T'eh ny reiltys slattyssagh jerrinagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit er y fa nagh vel ard-whaiyl jee-veanit ayns [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] as cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit ayns [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Reiltys Chruinnaght Vretyn|Bretyn]] seyr as foddee reiltys yn RU adsyn y ghooney, faagail magh dy row ad currit er bun rere coontey theayagh ayns [[refrane]]yn. [[Coadan:Westminster palace.jpg|thumb|[[Plaase y Vannishter Heear|Thieyn yn Ard-whaiyl]]]] Ta ynnyd yn [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]], fir toshee y reiltys, bentyn da Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl quoi ec ta smaght echey er y chooid smoo ayns [[Quaiyl Hostyn]]. Dy cadjin ta'n Ard-vinishter ny 'er toshee er y phartee politickagh smoo 'sy thie. Ta'n Ard-vinishter as Lugh ny h-Airaghtyn enmyssit ec y Venrein dy chroo [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley]]. Ta olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn reiht veih olteynyn partee yn Ard-vinishter ayns y daa hie slattyssagh, agh veih [[Quail Hostyn]] son y chooid smoo. Er son reihysyn da [[Quaiyl Hostyn]], ta'n RU rheynnit magh ayns [[Co-heiyderysyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|646 co-heiyderysyn]], lesh 529 jeu ayns Sostyn, 18 ayns Nerin Hwoaie, 59 ayns Nalbin as 40 ayns Bretin,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020518024611/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/westminster.asp Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 10 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> agh bee 650 co-heiyderysyn veih'n Ard-reihys s'niessey. Ta un Oltey yn Ard-whaiyl reiht ec dagh co-heiyderys rere yl-raght neuchramp. Ta ard-reihysyn eieit ec y Venrein lurg coyrle yn Ard-vinishter. Cha nel çheorey er traa yn Ard-whaiyl, agh rere [[Aght yn Ard-whaiyl 1911|Aght yn Ard-whaiyl (1911)]] shegin reihysyn noa dy ve ayn çheusthie jeh queig bleeaney veih'n reihys jerrinagh. T'ad [[Partee yn Lugh Obbyr (RU)|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Cumaadagh (RU)|y Partee Cumaadagh]] as [[Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh (RU)|y Partee Libraalagh Deynlagh]] ny tree [[Rolley parteeghyn politickagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit#Parteeghyn politickagh smoo 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|parteeghyn politickagh smoo]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, as va 616 ass 646 ynnydyn cosnit ec ny tree parteeghyn shen 'sy reihys jerrinagh. Va'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ynnydyn faagit cosnit ec parteeghyn slystagh yn RU lheid as [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]] (Nalbin ynrican), [[Plaid Cymru]] (Bretin ynrican), as [[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]], [[Partee Soshiallagh Deynlagh y Lught Obbyr]], [[Partee Unnaneysagh Ullee]], as [[Sinn Féin]] (Nerin Hwoaie ynrican, agh ta olteynyn y phartee gleckey noi ynnydyn ayns [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]] myrgeddin). Ayns freggyrtys politickaght y phartee, cha ghow oltey erbee yn phartee ynnyd ayns Quaiyl Hostyn er y fa dy shegin daue guee er y Ree ny er y Venrein.<ref>Ansherbee, ta ny queig OAyn jannoo ymmyd jeh ny h-oikyn as ny so-lhoobaghtyn elley ry gheddyn 'sy Vannishter Heear veih'n vlein 2002.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1771635.stm |title=Sinn Fein moves into Westminster|publisher=BBC|date=21 Jerrey Geuree 2002|access-date=17 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> === Reirey ashoonagh jee-veanit === {{ardart|Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie|Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin}} [[Coadan:Edinburgh Scottish Parliament01 2006-04-29.jpg|thumb|220px|Ta [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Albey]] ny whaiyl ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] [[Coadan:Stormont Parliamentary Building 01.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Thieyn Parlamaid (Nerin Hwoaie)|Thieyn Parlamaid]] ayns [[Stormont, Beeal Feirshtey]], ynnyd y Çhionnal]] Ta [[Kiannoortys|reiltys ny kiannoortys]] ec [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as t'ad fo stiurey [[Kied-vinishter]], as quaiyl [[Un-hamyraghys|un-hamyragh]] [[jee-veanaghey|jee-veanit]]. Cha nel kiannoortys ny quaiyl jee-veanit ec Sostyn, y çheer smoo 'syn RU, as t'ee jeeragh fo reirey reiltys as parlamaid yn RU ayns dagh keisht. Ta'n stayd shen enmyssit myr [[Feysht Lodainn Heear]] as eh mychione y nhee dy vel OAyn veih Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie abyl votal, dy briwnyssagh ny keayrtyn,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/3432767.stm|title=Scots MPs attacked over fees vote|publisher=BBC News|date=27 Jerrey Geuree 2004|access-date=21 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> er nheeghyn bentyn rish Sostyn quoi ta loaghtit liorish cruinnaghtyn jee-veanit da ny co-heiyderysyn oc hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/talking_politics/82358.stm|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The West Lothian Question|publisher=BBC News|date=1 Mean Souree 1998|access-date=21 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn lheeadagh er dagh nhee nagh vel 'freaylt' ec Parlamaid yn RU ec [[Reiltys ny h-Albey|Reiltys]] as [[Parlamaid ny h-Albey]]. Ta ny cumaghtyn shen goaill stiagh nheeghyn lheid as [[Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|ynsagh]], [[SSA ny h-Albey|currym slaynt]], [[leigh ny h-Albey|leigh]] as [[Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|gurneilys ynnydagh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/scotland_99/the_scottish_parliament/310036.stm|title=Scotland's Parliament - powers and structures|publisher=BBC News|date=8 Averil 1999|access-date=21 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> Lurg barriaght [[seyrsnys ny h-Albey|partee ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], [[Partee Ashoonagh ny h-Albey]], ayns [[reihys Parlamaid ny h-Albey, 2007]], va [[reiltys 3oo Parlamaid ny h-Albey|reiltys mynlagh]] fo reirey yn PAA currit er bun fo stiurey yn 'er toshee, [[Alex Salmond]], as haink er dy ve ny [[Kied-vinishter ny h-Albey|Chied-vinishter]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6659531.stm|title=Salmond elected as first minister|publisher=BBC News|date=16 Boaldyn 2007|access-date = 21 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> Ta cummaghtyn ny s'jeorit na t'ayns Nalbin ec [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] as [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/wales_99/the_welsh_assembly/309033.stm |title=Structure and powers of the Assembly |publisher=BBC News |date=9 Averil 1999|access-date=21 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> agh ny lurg çheet [[Aght Reiltys Vretin 2006]] ny hrooid, foddee yn Chruinnaght jannoo slattys er nheeghyn ennagh trooid [[Oardagh Cummeydys Slattyssagh|Oardee Cummeydys Slattyssagh]] as ad giootit er bunneydys case er chase.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2007/jul/16/wales.devolution |title=What powers does the Welsh Assembly have? |publisher=Guardian |date=16 Jerrey Souree 2007|access-date=21 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> Va [[Reiltys Cruinnaght Vretin]] roie crooit shiartanse shiaghtinyn ny yei [[reihys da Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin, 2007]], lurg traa giare reirey mynlagh. Ta'n reiltys roie ny [[Reiltys 3oo Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|cho-chiangley]] eddyr [[Plaid Cymru]] as [[Partee Lught Obbyr Vretin|Partee yn Lught Obbyr]] as she Kied-vinishter [[Rhodri Morgan]]. Ta cummaghtyn begnagh myr ta jee-veanit ayns Nalbin ec [[Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie]] as [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]. Ec y traa t'ayn ta Kiannoortys Nerin Hwoaie fo stiurey yn Chied-vinishter [[Peter Robinson (politickeyr)|Peter Robinson]] ([[Partee Unnaneysagh Deynlagh]]) as y lhiass Chied-vinishter [[Martin McGuinness]] ([[Sinn Féin]]).<ref name="northernireland1">{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|title=Devolved Government - Ministers and their departments|publisher=Northern Ireland Executive|access-date=17 Jerrey Fouyir 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230925/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/index/your-government/devolved-government.htm|archivedate=2007-08-22}}</ref> === Gurneilys ynnydagh === {{ardart|Shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin|Gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretyn}} [[Coadan:ManchesterTownHall OwlofDoom.jpg|thumb|[[Halley Baljey Vanchuin]], ymmydit ry hoi gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Manchuin.]] Ta [[shennaghys gurneilys ynnydagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] cowrit liorish ceaghlaghyn beggey ayns reaghysyn roish yn Unnaneys derrey yn 19oo eash. Veih shen ta aafilley beayn ayns paart as obbraghey.<ref name=barlow>Barlow, I., ''Metropolitan Government'', (1991)</ref> Cha haghyr ny ceaghlaghyn ayns oash cullee ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Bretin as ta jee-veanaghey cummaght harrish gurneilys ynnydagh gys Bretin, Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie keayllaghey nagh vel ceaghlaghyn ry-heet ayns oash cullee. Ta reagheydys [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Sostyn]] co-chast, lesh livrey-ys obbraghey anchasley rere reaghysyn ynnydagh. Ta slattyssyn kianglt lesh gurneilys ynnydagh ayns [[Sostyn]] reaghit liorish parlamaid yn RU as [[Reiltys yn Ard Ooashley|reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], er y fa nagh vel parlamaid jee-veanit ec Sostyn. Ta'd ny [[Aarheynnyn Hostyn|h-aarheynnyn ayns Sostyn]] na ny nuy [[Ardjyn Hostyn|ardjyn oik y Reiltys]] ny ardjyn oik reiltys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gos.gov.uk/national/|publisher=gos.gov.uk|access-date=31 Jerrey Souree 2008|title=Welcome to the national site of the Government Office Network}}</ref> Ta cruinnaght as meoir jeeragh-reiht veih'n vlein 2000 ec un ard ny çheerey, [[Lught-reill Lunnin Vooar]] ny yei bhut er son y treealtys ayns refrane 'sy vlein 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|title=A short history of London government|publisher=www.london.gov.uk|access-date=4 Jerrey Fouyir 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20100107035814/http://www.london.gov.uk/london-life/city-government/history.jsp|archivedate=2010-01-07}}</ref> V'eh kiarit dy vel cruinnaghtyn ardjynagh ennagh ec ny h-ardjyn elley, agh va'n eie shen jiooldit ny yei refrane ayns [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn]] 'sy vlein 2004.<ref>"The Government is now expected to tear up its twelve-year-old plan to create eight or nine regional assemblies in England to mirror devolution in Scotland and Wales."{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|title=Prescott's dream in tatters as North East rejects assembly|access-date=15 Toshiaght Arree 2008|publisher=The Times|access-date=2008-11-15|archive-date=2010-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525121618/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article503255.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref> Heese veih'n leval ardjynagh, ta Lunnin jeant seose jeh 32 [[Balley corpagh Lunnin|valley corpagh]] as ta'n chooid elley dy Hostyn jeant seose jeh [[coondaeghyn moirvaljagh as neu-voirvaljagh Hostyn|coonseilyn coontae]] as coonseilyn ardjynagh ny [[lught-reill unnaneagh]]. Ta ny cooinseilee reiht ayns wardysyn un-oltey as wardysyn yl-oltey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|title=Local Authority Elections|publisher=Local Government Association|access-date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2008|archiveurl=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20081027151017/http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/39780|archivedate=2008-10-27}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie]], veih'n vlein 1973, reaghit ayns 26 coonseilyn ardjynagh, as ad reiht liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] lesh cummaghtyn ta jeorit da shirvishyn lheid as çhaglym smooirlagh, stiuree moddee, as meansalaght pairkyn as ruillickyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4449092.stm|title=NI local government set for shake-up|publisher=BBC|date=18 Mee Houney 2005|access-date=15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> Er 13 Mart 2008, ansherbee, va'n kiannoortys ayns coardailys rish treealtysyn un choonseil jeig y chroo as ad y chur ayns ynnyd y chorys roie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm|title=''Foster announces the future shape of local government''|publisher=NI Executive|access-date=20 Jerrey Fouyir 2008|archive-date=2008-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725002254/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/news/news-doe/news-doe-130308-foster-announces-the.htm}}</ref> as bee ny reihysyn s'niessey shlearit gys 2011 dy chooney lesh y çhyndaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153|title=Local Government elections to be aligned with review of public administration|publisher=www.nio.gov.uk|access-date=2 Luanistyn 2008 |archivedate=2013-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217174725/http://www.nio.gov.uk/local-government-elections-to-be-aligned-with-review-of-public-administration/media-detail.htm?newsID=15153}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Nalbin]] rheynnit er bunneydys [[Aarheynnyn ny h-Albey|32 ard conseilagh]] lesh anchaslysyn mooarey ayns mooadys as earroo yn phobble. Ta ard-valjyn [[Glaschu]], [[Doon Edin]], [[Aberdon]] as [[Dùn Dèagh]] nyn ardjyn coonseilagh lhieu hene chammah as [[Politickaght Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght|Cooinseil ny Gaeltaght]] as goaill stiagh un trass eaghtyr ny h-Albey agh lesh 200,000&nbsp;cummaltee. Ta'n cummaght currymit ayns ny lughtyn-reill ynnydagh fo stiurey coonseilee reiht, as ta 1,222<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf|title=STV in Scotland:Local Government Elections 2007|publisher=Political Studies Association|access-date=2 Luanistyn 2008|archivedate=2011-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310194256/http://www.psa.ac.uk/2007/pps/Bennie.pdf}}</ref> jeu ec y traa t'ayn. T'ad geddyn çheet stiagh paart-emshiragh. Ta ny reihysyn gurneilit liorish [[un-vote yn-astreeaghey]] ayns wardysyn yl-olteynagh as ad reih tree ny kiare coonseilee. Ta Smaghteyr ny Symneyder reiht dy stiurey cruinnaghtyn. Ta ny coonseilee biallagh da coad aghtey as eh currit ayns bree liorish [[Commishoon Stundayrtyn ny h-Albey]].<ref>Ethical Standards in Public Life framework: {{cite web |title=Ethical Standards in Public Life |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards |publisher=The Scottish Government |accessdate=2008-10-03 |archivedate=2014-12-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211075152/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/local-government/ethical-standards }}</ref> She [[Co-chruinnaght Lughtyn-reill Ynnydagh ny h-Albey]] (CLYA) sheshaght reihdagh coonseilyn ynnydagh ny h-Albey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726|title=About COSLA|publisher=cosla.gov.uk|access-date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2008|archivedate=2008-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921104646/http://www.cosla.gov.uk/index.asp?leftId=10001D0EF-10766726}}</ref> Ta [[gurneilys ynnydagh ayns Bretin]] jeant seose jeh 22 choonseil unnaneagh, goaill stiagh ard-valjyn [[Cayr Deeth]], [[Abertawe]] as [[Casnewydd]], as ad nyn goonseilyn ynnydagh lheu hene.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en|title=Local Authorities in Wales|publisher=new.wales.gov.uk|access-date=31 Jerrey Souree 2008 |archivedate=2014-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530004428/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/localgovernment/localauthorities/?lang=en}}</ref> Ta reihysyn ayn dagh kiare bleeaney liorish [[voteyn singil neu-astreeaghey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx|title=How do I vote?|publisher=www.aboutmyvote.co.uk|access-date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2008|archivedate=2008-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019215436/http://www.aboutmyvote.co.uk/how_do_i_vote/voting_systems/local_government_elections_i-3.aspx}}</ref> Va ny reihysyn jerrinagh ayns Mee Voaldyn ny bleeaney 2008. Ta [[Sheshaght Gurneilys Ynnydagh Vretin]] soiaghey magh parteeasyn ny coonseilyn ynnydagh ayns Bretin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|title=Welsh Local Government Association|publisher=Welsh Local Government Association|access-date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2008 |archive-date=2008-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081111154039/http://www.wlga.gov.uk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Speyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:uk topo en.jpg|thumb|Boayloaylleeaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] Ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit mygeayrt 245,000 kilomeadaryn kerrinagh (94,600 mi ker) er eaghtyr slane as eshyn jeant seose jeh ellan ny Bretyn Mooar, çheu hiar hwoaie ellan Nerin (Nerin Hwoaie) as ellanyn beggey elley.<ref name=factbook/> T'eh soit eddyr [[Yn Keayn Sheear|y Cheayn Sheear]] as [[Mooir Hostyn]], as eh 35 kilomeadaryn magh veih slyst hwoaie ny Frank ec boayl unnaneagh. Eddyr y daa heer ta [[Mooir yn Eeaght]].<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n Vretyn Vooar soit ayns dowan-lheeadyn eddyr 49° as 59° Hwoaie (ta Shetlynn sheeyney magh da 61° Hwoaie), as ayns dowan-liuridyn eddyr 8° Heear gys 2° Hiar. She boayl meenaghey y [[Preeu-linney Vunlaa|Phreeu-linney Vunlaa]] Thie Rollageydys Reeoil Ghreenwich, faggys da Lunnin. Ta'n Vretyn Vooar beggan ny smoo na 1,100 km (700 mi) er liurid as begnagh 500 km (300 mi) er lheead ayns y boayl s'lhea, agh she 1,350 km (840 mi) yn 'oddeeaght s'liurey eddyr daa voayl as ee ny foddeeaght eddyr [[Penn an Wlas]] 'sy [[Yn Chorn|Chorn]] as [[Thie Yuan Ghroat]] ayns [[Gallaibh]] ny h-Albey. Ta'n joarey thallooin eddyr Nerin Hwoaie as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] 360 kilomeadaryn (224 mi) er liurid.<ref name=factbook/> Ta [[speyr]] tempreilagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, lesh palçhid dy 'liaghee car ny bleeaney.<ref name=factbook/> Ta'n çhiassid arraghey rish ny raiee, agh t'eh neuchadjin çhiassidyn ny sloo na -10&nbsp;°C (14.0&nbsp;°F) ny ny smoo na 35&nbsp;°C (95&nbsp;°F) dy gheddyn. Ta ny geayaghyn baardee çheet veih'n sheear yiass, as ad cur emshyr fliugh as bog lheu veih'n Cheayn Sheear.<ref name=factbook/> Ta ny ronnaghyn hiar ny smoo fasteeagh veih'n gheay shoh, as myr shen t'ad nyn muill smoo çhirrym. Ta ny strooghyn Atlantagh, as adsyn çhiowit liorish [[Stroo yn Eearvooir]], cur lheu geuraghyn boggey, ayns y çheu heear er lheh, raad dy vel ny geuraghyn fliughey, er thalloo ard er lheh. Ta ny souraghyn ny s'çhoe ayns shiar yiass Hostyn, as y boayl shen ny s'faggys da'n vooarheer Oarpagh, as ny s'feayrey ayns y twoaie. Ta'n ceau niaghtee jantagh 'sy gheurey as ayns arragh gheuree. Ta lieh chooid eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit jeant seose jeh [[Sostyn]], as ee 130,410 kilomeadaryn kerrinagh (50,350 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Çheer injil t'aynjee son y chooid smoo agh ta çheer sleitagh ry gheddyn sheear hwoaie jeh [[linney Tees-Exe]] as goaill stiagh [[Sleityn Cumbria]] ayns Slyst ny Loghyn, [[Sleityn Pennine]] as cruink chlagh eayil ayns [[Slyst ny Binn]], [[Exmoor]] as [[Dartmoor]]. She [[Yn Thaimish|y Thaimish]], [[yn Severn|y Severn]] as [[Yn Humber|y Humber]] preeu-awinyn as inveryn Hostyn. She [[Scafell Pike]] (978 m er yrjid), as eh soit ayns [[Slyst ny Loghyn]], y slieau s'yrjey. Ta ram baljyn as ard-valjyn mooarey ayns Sostyn as, rere [[Cryssyn Baljagh Mooarey]], ta shey jeh ny 50 Cryssyn smoo yn Unnaneys Oarpagh soit aynjee. [[Coadan:BenNevis2005.jpg|thumb|She [[Beinn Nivish]], ayns [[Sleityn Grampiagh]] ny h-Albey, yn slieau s'yrjey ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]].]] Trass eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit t'ayns [[Nalbin]] as ee 78,772 kilomeadaryn kerrinagh (30,410 mi ker) er eaghtyr<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html |title=Scotland Facts |publisher=www.scotland.org |access-date=16 Jerrey Souree 2008 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621045248/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/index.html }}</ref> as t'ee goaill stiagh begnagh 800 ellanyn, çheu heear as hwoaie jeh'n vooarheer son y chooid smoo, [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]], [[yn Orkaid]] as [[Shetlynn]] er lheh. Ta boayloaylleeaght ny h-Albey cowrit liorish [[Scoltey Joaree ny Gaeltaght]] - scoltey creggey creg-oaylleeagh – ta goll harrish mooarheer ny h-Albey veih [[Balley Eaylee]] gys [[Cala na Creige]]. Ta'n linney scoltey rheynn magh daa ard anchasley; [[yn Ghaeltaght]] ayns y twoaie as y sheear as [[Goaltaght ny h-Albey|y Ghoaltaght]] ayns y jiass as y shiar. Ta'n Ghaeltaght chregganagh goaill stiagh y chooid smoo jeh çheer sleitagh ny h-Albey, goaill stiagh slieau s'yrjey [[ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Beinn Nivish]] as ee 1,343 m (4,406 tr) er yrjid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp |title=Ben Nevis Weather |publisher=www.bennevisweather.co.uk |access-date=26 Jerrey Fouyir 2008 |archivedate=2018-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924202417/http://www.bennevisweather.co.uk/index.asp }}</ref> Ta'n Ghoaltaght, y chryss cheyll eddyr [[Keyllys y Chleayee]] as [[Linne Foirthe]] enmyssit myr "y Chryss Veanagh", ny s'inshley as ny s'rea as ta'n chooid smoo dy 'leih nyn gummal ayn goaill stiagh [[Glaschu]], yn ard-valley smoo ayns Nalbin, as [[Doon Edin]], preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh ny h-Albey. Cha nel [[Bretin]] agh 20,758 kilomeadaryn kerrinagh (8,010 mi ker) er eaghtyr, ny jeihoo eaghtyr y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Çheer sleitagh t'aynjee son y chooid smoo, agh cha nel Bretin Jiass cho sleitagh na myr t'ayns y twoaie. Ta ny preeu-ardjyn çhynskylagh as y chooid smoo dy chummaltee ayns jiass Vretin, as ee goaill stiagh baljyn slystagh lheid as [[Cayr Deeth]] (preeu-valley as ynnyd politickagh as tarmaynagh), [[Abertawe]], [[Casnewydd]] as [[Glionyn Vretin Yiass]]. Ta ny sleityn s'yrjey ayns Bretin ayns [[Eryri]] (Baarle: ''Snowdonia'') as t'ad goaill stiagh [[yr Wyddfa]] as eh 1,085 m er yrjid – y slieau s'yrjey ayns Bretin. Ta ny smoo na 1,200 km (750 mi) oirr ny marrey ec Bretin. Ta shiartanse ellanyn magh ass mooarheer Vretin, as t'eh [[Moan]] (Bretnish: ''Ynys Môn'', Baarle: ''Anglesey'') yn ellan smoo as eh soit sheear hwoaie veih'n çheer. Çheer sleitagh beggey ta [[Nerin Hwoaie]] ta 14,160 kilomeadaryn kerrinagh (5,470 mi ker) er eaghtyr. Ta [[Logh Nay]], ta 388 kilomeadaryn kerrinagh, ny logh smoo ayns ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |title=Geography of Northern Ireland |publisher=University of Ulster |access-date = 22 Boaldyn 2006 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118133131/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/ni/geog.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> She [[Slieau Dónairt]] (849 m) y slieau s'yrjey 'sy çheer. === Ard-valjyn as covaljyssyn === {{ardart|Rolley ny baljyn smoo rere earroo yn phobble 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Rolley covaljyssyn 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad preeu-valjyn ny çheeraghyn ennagh 'syn RU na: Beeal Feirshtey (Nerin Hwoaie), Cayr Deeth (Bretin), Doon Edin (Nalbin) as Lunnin (Sostyn); ta Lunnin ny phreeu-valley er y çheer slane.<ref name=factbook/> {{Baljyn smoo y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} T'ad ny covaljyssyn smoo na: * [[Slyst Baljagh Lunnin Mooar]] – 8.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Covaljys West Midlands]] – 2.3&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh Vanchuin Mooar]] – 2.2&nbsp;millioon; * [[Slyst Baljagh West Yorkshire]] – 1.5&nbsp;millioon; * [[Glaschu Mooar]] – 1.2&nbsp;millioon. == Sleih == Ta coontey-pobble ayns dagh çheer yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit dagh jeih bleeaney.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp|title=Census Geography|publisher=www.statistics.gov.uk |access-date=10 Jerrey Fouyir 2008 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20020607155455/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/geography/census_geog.asp |archivedate=2002-06-07}}</ref> Ta [[Oik ry hoi Staydraa Ashoonagh]] freggyrtagh er son çhaglym fysseree ayns Sostyn as Bretin, as ta [[Offish Chadjin Recortyssyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son Nalbin as [[Jantys Staydraa as Ronsee Nerin Hwoaie]] er son Nerin Hwoaie.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|title=Census|publisher=www.ons.gov.uk|access-date=11 Jerrey Fouyir 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132440/http://www.ons.gov.uk/about/surveys/census/index.html|archivedate=2008-12-01}}</ref> === Earroo yn phobble === Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 58,789,194 cummaltee 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, y treeoo çheer smoo 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], y wheigoo çheer smoo 'sy [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as y chied çheer as feed smoo er y theihll. Ec lieh vlein 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 60,975,000 cummaltee 'sy çheer.<ref name="Population2007">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|title=Population estimates: UK population grows to 60,975,000|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=23 Luanistyn 2008 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20021202165044/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=6|archivedate=2 December 2002}}</ref> Ta'n inymmyrkey, yn [[Rolley çheeraghyn as thallooyn rere leahys troaraght|leahys ruggyryn]] as jerkallys-vea ny share cur lesh bishaghey roie earroo yn phobble.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2006/aug/25/immigrationasylumandrefugees.asylum |title=Rising birth rate, longevity and migrants push population to more than 60&nbsp;million |publisher=The Guardian |date=25 Luanistyn 2006|access-date= 25 Luanistyn 2006}}</ref> Hug staydraa shen er fys dooin, son y chied cheayrt, dy row ny smoo penshyneyryn na paitçhyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.socialtrends|title=Ageing Britain: Pensioners outnumber under-16s for first time|last=Travis|first=Alan|date=22 Luanistyn 2008|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 Luanistyn 2008}}</ref> Rere staydraa ny bleeaney 2007, v'eh er credjal dy row 51.1 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayns Sostyn.<ref name="natpop">{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|title=Population estimates: UK population approaches 61 million in 2007|date=21 Luanistyn 2007|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=28 Luanistyn 2008 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080821110543/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/popest0808.pdf|archivedate=2008-08-21}}</ref> T'ee nane jeh ny çheeraghyn smoo clannit er feie ny cruinney lesh 383&nbsp;cummaltee ayns dagh kilomeadar kerrinagh ayns 2003,<ref name=2003density>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=760|title=Population: UK population grows to 59.6 million|date=28 Jerrey Geuree 2005|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date= 20 Luanistyn 2008}}</ref> lesh co-ghlooaghey er lheh ayns Lunnin as y shiar yiass. Ta oolaghyn ny bleeaney 2007 cur sleih-earroo ny h-Albey ec 5.1 millioon dy chummaltee, Vretin ec 3 millioonyn as Nerin Hwoaie ec 1.8 millioonyn<ref name=natpop/> lesh glooaghtyn foddey ny sloo na Sostyn. Cosoylit rish glooaght pobble Hostyn (383 cummaltee/km²) t'ad shoh ny h-earrooyn co-reggyrtagh: Bretin (142 cummaltee/km²), Nerin Hwoaie (125 cummaltee/km²) as Nalbin (65 cummaltee/km²).<ref name=2003density/> 'Sy vlein 2007, v'eh mean-[[leahys slane troaraght]] (LST) harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit na 1.90 paitçhyn da dagh ben.<ref name=Fertility2007>{{cite news|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?ID=951|title=Fertility: Rise in UK fertility continues|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=21 Luanistyn 2008|access-date=23 Luanistyn 2008}}</ref> V'eh oolit 'sy vlein 2008 dy daase troaraght yn RU gys 1.91 paitçhyn ny ben.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/22/population.immigrationandpublicservices |title=UK population has increased to almost 61m|publisher=The Guardian |first=Alan |last=Travis |access-date=15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008}}</ref> Choud's ta'n leahys troaraght ta gaase cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble, t'eh foddey ny sloo na binn "visheydys ny lhiennoo" ec 2.95 ayns 1964,<ref name=Fertility2007/> ny sloo na leahys son cur er ash (2.1), agh t'eh ny smoo na'n earroo ayns 2001 (1.63 – yn earroo s'loo).<ref name=Fertility2007/> She 1.92 as 1.90 ny leahysyn troaraght ayns Sostyn as Bretin, 1.73 ayns Nalbin, as 2.02 ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name=Fertility2007/> Ta leahys ruggyryn ny s'yrjey mastey mraane joarree-ruggit na mraane Goaldagh, agh ta'n leahys gaase mastey mraane Goaldagh ynrican.<ref name=Fertility2007/> === Arraghey === Ta kiart ec seyranee [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] cummal as obbraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit<ref>[http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33152.htm Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States] europa.eu, feddynit er 6 Mee Houney 2008</ref> agh ta oardee shallidagh currit ayns bree lesh [[Yn Romaain|Romaainee]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|Bulgeyree]], çheeraghyn v'er heet stiagh ayns yn UO ayns Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/sep/23/immigration.eu|title=Home Office shuts the door on Bulgaria and Romania|last=Doward|first=Jamie|coauthors=Temko, Ned|date=2007-09-23|work=The Observer|page=2|accessdate=2008-08-23}}</ref> Cosoylit rish çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley, ta'n inymmyrkey cur lesh bishaghey earroo yn phobble<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072321/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23542455-details/Immigration+and+births+to+non-British+mothers+pushes+British+population+to+record+high/article.do Immigration and births to non-British mothers pushes British population to record high], This is London, 22 Luanistyn 2008</ref> as eh freggyrtagh er son lieh y visheydys ayns ny bleeantyn eddyr 1991 as 2001. Va nane ass shey jeh ny sthie-arree ass [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], lesh y chooid vooar çheet ass çheeraghyn y [[Co-unnaneys Noa|Cho-unnaneys Noa]].<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1569400/Emigration-soars-as-Britons-desert-the-UK.html |title=Emigration soars as Britons desert the UK}} </ref> Ta earrooyn oikoil taishbyney dy haink 2.3 millioonyn arree gleney<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1023512/Third-World-migrants-2-3m-population-boom.html Third World migrants behind our 2.3m population boom], Daily Mail, 3 Mean Souree, 2008</ref> gys yn RU veih'n vlein 1997,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081021051705/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23575160-details/Tories+get+tough+on+immigration+after+Labour%27s+U-turn/article.do Tories call for tougher control of immigration], This is London, 20 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as va 84% jeu ass çheeraghyn çheumooie jeh'n Oarpey,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100523205821/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/labour/3230463/Immigration-Phil-Woolas-admits-Labour-responsible-for-string-of-failures.html Immigration: Phil Woolas admits Labour responsible for string of failures], Telegraph, 21 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta 7 millioonyn ny smoo jeu jerkit roish ny bleeaney 2031.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7602526.stm Minister rejects migrant cap plan], BBC News, 8 Mean Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn by yerree (2006) taishbyney inymmyrkey glen gys yn RU fo 191,000, ny smoo na'n 185,000 'sy vlein 2005.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-494235/Half-million-migrants-pour-Britain-year-200-000-leave.html |title=Half a million migrants pour into Britain in a year}} </ref><ref name=ONS> {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=1311 |title=International migration: Net inflow rose in 2004 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=15 Mee ny Nollick 2005 |access-date = 22 Mee Houney 2006}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |title=International migration 2005: Net inflow 185,000 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2006-11-02 |accessdate=2006-11-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705200424/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=260&Pos=2&ColRank=2&Rank=224 |archivedate=2007-07-05 }}</ref> Ansherbee, rere yn arraghey magh, ta ny smoo na 5.5&nbsp;millioonyn Goaldee nyn gummal ass y çheer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 |title=Brits Abroad: Mapping the scale and nature of British emigration |author=Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah and Catherine Drew |publisher=Institute for Public Policy Research |date=2006-12-11 |accessdate=2007-01-20 |archivedate=2007-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828011816/http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/publication.asp?id=509 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/brits_abroad/html/default.stm |title=Brits Abroad |publisher=BBC News |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6210358.stm |title=5.5&nbsp;m Britons 'opt to live abroad' |publisher=BBC|date=2006-12-11 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> as t'ad ny king jurnaa ennoil na'n [[Yn Austrail|Austrail]], [[y Spaainey]], [[y Rank]], [[Yn Teelynn Noa|y Teelynn Noa]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|title=Indians largest group among new immigrants to UK|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224222353/http://www.aol.in/news/story/2007042004189012000001/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/jul/26/spain.gilestremlett |title=Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun |publisher=The Guardian |date=2006-07-26 |accessdate = 2007-04-20}}</ref> Ansherbee, ta studeyrys liorish faaishneyder yn ard-valley soilshaghey magh nagh vel earrooyn yn inymmyrkey shoh heose barrantoil as va mygeayrt 400,000 sthie-arree gleney 'sy vlein 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |title=Immigration 'far higher' than figures say |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2007-01-05 |accessdate=2007-04-20 |archive-date=2008-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529014735/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1538598/Immigration-%27far-higher%27-than-figures-say.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta coreir 'ir quaagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit beggan ny sloo na t'ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh ennagh elley, ansherbee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=402 |title=Europe: Population and Migration in 2005 |author=Rainer Muenz |publisher=Migration Policy Institute |date=Mean Souree 2006 |accessdate = 2007-04-02}}</ref> Bee yn inymmyrkey daa cheayrt ny smoo harrish y daa yeihaght ry heet gys 9.1 millioonyn, er coontey veih 31 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney 2008.<ref name=immigrants>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-'9.1m-immigrants-by-2030'.html|title=Britain to have '9.1&nbsp;m immigrants by 2030'|publisher=Daily Telegraph|access-date=2008-11-17|archive-date=2008-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601163417/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577120/Britain-to-have-%279.1m-immigrants-by-2030%27.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Possanyn kynneeagh === {{ardart|Possanyn kynneeagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta pobble roie yn RU ny sluight jeh kynneeyn fuilleeaght anchasley, [[roie-Celtiee]], [[Celtiee]], [[Seyraanaght Romanagh|Romanee]], [[Anglo-Hostnee]] as [[Normanee]] son y chooid smoo. She sheckteraght kianglaghyn va crooit liorish yn [[Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] inymmyrkey soogh veih'n [[Yn Affrick|Affrick]], [[Ny Çheeraghyn Caribagh|y Charib]] as [[yn Aishey Yiass]] veih'n vlein 1945. Veih'n vlein 2004 haink mooarane dy 'leih veih'n [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]] as [[yn Oarpey Hiar]], agh, ays 2008, ta'n troa goll ergooyl as ta ram jeh ny sthie-arree shoh goll er ash dy valley, as adsyn faagail mooadys ny kynneeyn shen gyn fys.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7374683.stm 'Why I left UK to return to Poland'], BBC News</ref> Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va 92.1% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn vir baney as 7.9%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176 |title=Ethnicity: 7.9% from a non-White ethnic group |publisher=Office for National Statistics |date=2004-06-24 |accessdate = 2007-04-02|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090909132851/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=764&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=176|archivedate=2009-09-09}}</ref> cur enney orroo hene myr fir mestit ny jeh mynlagh kynneeagh. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right; font-size:100%;" |- !width="200px"| [[Possan kynneeagh]] !! [[Earroo yn phobble]] !! % y clane* |- | align = "left"| Kynneeyn baney || 54,153,898 || 92.1%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn gorryn || 1,148,738 || 2.0%</tr> | align = "left"| Injinee || 1,053,411 || 1.8%</tr> | align = "left"| Pakistaanee || 747,285 || 1.3%</tr> | align = "left"| Kynneeyn mestit || 677,117 || 1.2%</tr> | align = "left"| Bengaalee || 283,063 || 0.5%</tr> | align = "left"| Aishanee elley (neu-Heenee) || 247,644 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Sheenee || 247,403 || 0.4%</tr> | align = "left"| Elley || 230,615 || 0.4%</tr> |- |colspan="3" align="left"| {{smaller|* % sleih-earroo yn RU}} |} Ta'n neuchaslid kynneeagh anchasley harrish yn RU. Ayns Mean Souree ny bleeaney 2005, rere oolaghyn she possanyn kynneeagh neu-vaney 30.4% sleih-earroo Lunnin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do;jsessionid=ac1f930dce6eace0153cf12440ca609dc762c8ae598.e38OaNuRbNuSbi0Ma3aNaxiQbNiLe6fznA5Pp7ftolbGmkTy?a=3&b=276743&c=London&d=13&e=13&g=325264&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1201351285750&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812&bhcp=1|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): London|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref> as 37.4% sleih-earroo [[Leicester]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276827&c=Leicester&d=13&e=13&g=394575&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1208962134759&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812|title=Resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages): Leicester|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418200442/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3}}</ref>, raad nagh vel agh 5% sleih-earrooyn [[Shiar Hwoaie Hostyn|Hiar Hwoaie Hostyn]], Vretin as [[Sheear Yiass Hostyn|Heear Yiass Hostyn]] jeh mynlee kynneeagh rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp|title=Census 2001 - Ethnicity and religion in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-23|archive-date=2012-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630185133/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/census/2011/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2007, va 22% scollagyn ny [[bun-scoill]]yn as 17.7% scollagyn ny [[mean-scoill]]yn ayns [[Scoill y steat|scoillyn pohlldit]] [[Sostyn|Hostyn]] jeh sluight kynneeagh mynlagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/SFR/s000744/UPDATEDSFR30_2007.pdf |title=Schools and Pupils in England|date=January 2007|format=PDF |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1564365/One-fifth-of-children-from-ethnic-minorities.html |title=One fifth of children from ethnic minorities |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |author=Graeme Paton |date=2007-10-01 |accessdate = 2008-03-28}}</ref> === Çhengaghyn === {{ardart|Çhengaghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|Çheeraghyn as y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] loayrit ayndaue myr çhengey oikoil ''de facto'' ny ''de jure''.]] Cha nel çhengey oikoil ''[[de facto|de jure]]'' 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit agh she [[Baarle]], [[Çhengaghyn Germaanagh|çhengey Ghermaanagh]], preeu-çhengey ny çheerey. Myr eiyrtys yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh son y chooid smoo, ren y çhengey skeaylley tessen y dowan, as haink urree dy ve çhengey eddyr-ashoonagh dellal chammah as çhengey ynsit smoo lheeadagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 |title=English-Language Dominance, Literature and Welfare |author=Jacques Melitz |publisher=Centre for Economic Policy Research |date=1999 |accessdate=2006-05-26 |archivedate=2012-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512123906/http://www.cepr.org/pubs/new-dps/dplist.asp?dpno=2055 }}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Albinagh|Vaarle Albinagh]], çhengey ta çheet magh ass [[Mean-Vaarle|Mean-Vaarle Hwoaie]], er enney ec y leval Oarpagh<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurolang.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2449&Itemid=52&lang=en |title=Eurolang - Language Data - Scots |publisher=Eurolang.net |date= |accessdate=2008-11-02}}</ref> as cha nel ee ny h-abbyrt jeh'n Vaarle. Ta kiare [[çhengaghyn Celtiagh]] ymmydit 'syn RU: [[Bretnish]], [[Cornish]], [[Gaelg Albinagh]] as [[Yernish]]. 'Sy vlein 2001 dooyrt 21% sleih-earroo Vretin dy row ad abyl loayrt trooid Bretnish,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312085119/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=447&Pos=6&ColRank=1&Rank=192 National Statistics Online] at www.statistics.gov.uk</ref> earroo ta ny smoo na'n 18% ayns Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|title=Differences in estimates of Welsh Language Skills|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722055520/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fow/WelshLanguage.pdf|archivedate=2004-07-22}}</ref> Chammah as shen, t'eh oolit dy vel 200,000 loayreyderyn ny Bretnish nyn gummal ayns Sostyn.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/voices/multilingual/welsh.shtml Welsh today by Prof. Peter Wynn Thomas]bbc.co.uk</ref> Va ablid ennagh ny Gaelg Albinagh ec 92,000 cummaltee ny h-Albey (ny begnagh 2% sleih-earroo ny h-Albey), goaill stiagh 72% dy chummaltee ayns [[ny h-Ellanyn Heear]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130522110328/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/scotlands-census-2001-gaelic-report.html Scotland's Census 2001 - Gaelic Report] gro-scotland.gov.uk, feddynit magh er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta'n Vretnish as y Ghaelg Albinagh loayrit mygeayrt ny cruinney lesh beggan [[Gaelg Chanadagh|Ghaelg]] foast ry-gheddyn ayns [[Nalbin Noa]], [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], as y Vretnish ayns [[Patagonia]] ny [[Yn Argenteen|h-Argenteen]]. Harrish y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, dy chadjin t'eh eginagh da scollagyn studeyrys y yannoo er nah çhengey: gys 14 bleeaney d'eash ayns Sosyn,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3983713.stm Fall in compulsory language lessons] BNC News 4 Mee Houney 2004</ref> as gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ayns Nalbin. T'ad [[Frangish]] as [[Germaanish]] ny nah çhengaghyn smoo ynsit ayns Sostyn as Nalbin. Ayns Bretin ta lesoonyn gys 16 bleeaney d'eash ynsit trooid Bretnish ny ta'n Vretnish ynsit myr nah çhengey.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310162644/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/schoolgate/aboutschool/content/inwelsh.shtml The School Gate for parents in Wales] BBC Wales, feddynit magh er 11 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> === Craueeaght === {{ardart|Craueeaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta tradishoonyn foddey ny [[Creestiaght]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny çheeraghyn er gholl roish crooaght yn RU as ta kiangley eddyr yn agglish as y steat foast ayn. Ta ronsee coyrlaghey dy vel credjue ayns [[Jee]] ec 38% sleih-earroo ny çheerey as dy vel 40% ny smoo credjal ayns "spyrryd ny bea-lajerys".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{PDFlink|[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf Eurobarometer poll conducted in 2005]|1.64&nbsp;MB}}. Page 9. European Commission. Feddynit er 7 Mee ny Nollick 2006</ref> Ta'n pobble cur adsyn hene er enney lesh [[craueeaght]] er son cooishyn cultooragh as crauee as t'eh aahoilshit ayns meereggyraght eddyr earrooyn sleih as ad fockley magh credjue ayns Jee as sleih as ad cur adsyn hene er enney lesh craueeaght unnaneagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny preeu-chraueeaght: er Creearey [[Tearfund]] ny bleeaney 2007<ref name=Tearfund_Survey>{{cite web |url=http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf |title=Tearfund Survey 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-05 |archivedate=2007-06-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614005402/http://www.tearfund.org/webdocs/Website/News/Final%20churchgoing%20report.pdf }}</ref> dooyrt 53% dy reggyrtee dy row ad nyn Greestee as ny h-earrooyn shen cosoylit rish creearey British Social Attitudes Survey ny bleeaney 2004,<ref name=BSAS2004>{{Cite web |publication-date = 2006-02-20 |year = 2004 |title = British Social Attitudes Survey |publisher = National Centre for Social Research |url = http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5329 |accessdate = 2008-02-25 }}</ref> as rish Coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001 as eh gra dy vel 71.6% sleih-earroo ny çheerey nyn Greestee,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=UK Census 2001 |accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> (faagail magh dy vel y feysht 'sy Choontey-pobble ny s'boggey). Ny yei'n Chreestiaght ta'n Islam, y Hindooghys, y Seeckaghys as yn Ewaghys rere earroo eiyrtyssee. ==== Creestiaght ==== [[Coadan:Westminster abbey west.jpg|thumb|upright|Ta [[Abban ny Mannishter Heear]] ymmydit da [[crooinaghey]] [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Reeaghyn as Benreinyn Goaldagh]], nar t'ad jeant fir ny mraane toshee er [[Agglish Hostyn]].]] Ta [[Agglish Hostyn]], quoi va scarrit magh veih [[Agglish ny Raue]] ayns 1534 (jeeagh er [[Aachummey Hostyn]]), ny h-Agglish 'steat' ayns Sostyn: ta'n agglish freayll [[Çhiarnyn Spyrrydoil|tuarystallys]] ayns [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Parlamaid yn RU]] as ta'n [[Reeaghyn as benreinyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ree ny yn venrein Goaldagh]] ny oltey jeh'n Agglish (shirrit fo Olt 2 jeh [[Conaant yn Unnaneys]]) chammah as ny [[Ard-chiannoort Agglish Hostyn|Ard-chiannoort]]. Ayns ny bleeantyn shoh caie ta cummaght yeeragh ny h-agglish goll sheese agh ta kiart towseyn slattyssagh (bentyn rish reirey crauee) freaylt eck trooid yn [[Ard-choyrle Chadjin Agglish Hostyn|Ard-choyrle Chadjin]] as foddee orroo dy v'er heet nyn drooid liorish y Pharlamaid. Ta'n [[Agglish Albinagh]] (enmyssit dy neuformoil myr y [[Kirk]]), quoi va scarrit magh veih'n Raue ayns 1560 (jeeagh er [[Calveenaghys]] as [[Aachummey ny h-Albey]]) ny h-agglish [[Presbyteyraght|Phresbyteyragh]], as t'ee er enney myr [[agglish ashoonagh]] ny h-Albey, as cha nel ee fo smaght y steat. Ta'n venrein ny h-oltey chadjin jeh'n Agglish, as ta shirreydys urree guee er shickyrys ny h-Agglish y choadey ec y chrooinaghey. Ta [[Agglish Aspickagh ny h-Albey]], quoi ta ny cooid jeh'n Chommeeys Anglicaanagh, goaill toshiaght veih bunneeaght yerrinagh ny Presbyteyraght ayns Nalbin ayns 1690 nar v'ee rheynnit magh veih'n Agglish Albinagh, as cha nel ee ny 'fo-agglish' Agglish Hostyn. Myr eiyrtys skeiltyn elley 'syn Agglish Albinagh, 'sy nuyoo eash jeig er lheh, va agglishyn Presbyteyragh anchasley elley, goaill stiagh [[Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey (ny yei 1900)|Agglish Heyr ny h-Albey]], currit er bun. Ayns ny 1920yn, va'n [[Agglish ayns Bretin]] scarrit magh veih Agglish Hostyn as haink urree dy ve "[[Jee-vunneydaght|jee-vunnit]]". Ta'n Agglish ayns Bretin foast 'sy [[Commeeys Anglicaanagh|Chommeeys Anglicaanagh]]. Ta'n [[Saasilaght]] as agglishyn seyrey elley troshtagh dy tradishoonagh ayns Bretin. Va'n agglish Anglicaanagh, [[Agglish Nerin]] jee-vunnit 'sy nuyoo eash jeig. T'ee goaill stiagh ellan slane [[Nerin]] ([[Nerin Hwoaie]] hene as [[Pobblaght Nerin]] hene). Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta ny [[Protestoonys|Protestoonee]] nyn mooar-chooid.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=980 Communities in Northern Ireland] statistics.gov.uk, feddynit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> agh ta Agglish ny Raue ny h-Agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Agglish Phresbyteyragh ayns Nerin]], as ee bentyn rish yn Agglish Albinagh rere jeeoilys as shennaghys, ny h-Agglish Phrotestoonagh smoo. Ta Agglish ny Raue ny nah rheynn chredjue ny Creestiaght smoo 'syn RU. Lurg yn [[Aachummey Protestoonagh]], va leighyn geyrey currit ayns bree nyn oi, agh v'ad scughit liorish leighyn [[Seyrey ny Catolee]] ayns 1829. Ta reiltysyn Catoleagh er lheh ayn da Sostyn as Bretin, Nalbin, as Nerin. T'ad agglishyn Creestee mooarey elley na [[Saasilaght|Saasilee]], bunnit ec [[John Wesley]] ayns Lunnin, as [[Bashtee]]. Ta agglishyn [[Sushtallaght|Sushtallagh]] as [[Kingeeshaghys|Kingeeshagh]] aasagh chammah, as y chooid smoo jeu bishaghey lesh inymmyrkey veih'n [[Co-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn|Cho-unnaneys]] as çheu hoal. Ta ny h-agglishyn Kingeeshagh 'sy treeoo ynnyd ny yei Agglish Hostyn as Agglish ny Raue rere fieaumanys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110814125609/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article757934.ece 'Fringe' Church winning the believers] Timesonline, 19 Mee ny Nollick 2006</ref> ==== Craueeaghtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:ELM and LMC Angled View 1.jpg|thumb|[[Mosk Lunnin Hiar]], nane jeh ynnydyn ooashlee Islamagh smoo 'sy çheer.]] T'eh er credjal dy vel mygeayrt 1.8 millioonyn [[Islam|Moslymee]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article700684.ece |title=We need imams who can speak to young Muslims in their own words |accessdate=2006-08-09 |date=2006-08-05 |publisher=The Times}}</ref> Ta [[mosk]]yn ry gheddyn ayns dagh ard. T'ad ny possanyn islamagh smoo jeh'n sluight [[Yn Phakistaan|Pakistaanagh]], [[Yn Vangladesh|Bengaalagh]] as [[Yn Injey|Injinagh]]. Er y gherrid, ta kemmyrkee veih'n [[Yn Tomaal|Tomaal]], [[Pobblaght Hurkagh ny Cyprys Hwoaie|y Chyprys Hwoaie]], [[ny Çheeraghyn Balkanagh]] as çheeraghyn Arabagh cur lesh bishaghey mooad ny Moslymee Goaldagh. Ta arganys ny bleeaney 2006 fo'n [[burqa]], ayns cohaggloo liorish y pholitickeyr [[Jack Straw]], aahoilshaghey scarrey eddyr Goaldee ennagh as ad cur feyshtyn er mestey stiagh ny Moslymee lesh y çheshaght Ghoaldagh, as ad t'er credjal dy vel ceau ny breid freggyrtagh lhee, 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/10/07/uk.straw/ |title=Veil: British papers back Straw |accessdate=2006-05-11 |date=2006-07-10 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Ta craueeaghtyn Injinagh ry-gheddyn foast, lheid as [[Hindooghys]], [[Seeckaghys]], [[Buddhaghys]] as [[Jainaghys]]. Rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001, va mygeayrt 560,000 Hindooee as 340,000 Seeckee 'syn RU. Ta'n Buddhaghys cliaghtit ec 150,000&nbsp;dy 'leih.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-01-27 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta un reagheydys neu-reiltysagh ooley dy vel 800,000 Hindooee 'syn RU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm |title=Hinduism in Britain today |publisher=International Society for Krishna Consciousness |accessdate=2007-04-22 |archivedate=2010-12-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217230639/http://hinduism.iskcon.com/tradition/1212.htm }}</ref> Ta nane jeh ny çhiambleyn gonney çheu mooie jeh'n [[Yn Injey|Injey]] soit ayns [[Leicester]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100921091924/http://www.jaincentre.com/ The Jain Centre, Leicester. UK] jaincentre.com, feddynit magh er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> Ta mygeayrt 270,000 Ewnyn 'sy Vretyn Vooar, rere coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |title=Census 2001 - Profiles |accessdate=2007-12-02 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |archive-date=2007-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070717035415/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/uk.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta co-phobble anjee as meechredjuagh aasagh lesh mygeayrt 9.1&nbsp;millioonyn dy 'leih (15% sleih-earroo yn RU) gaggyrt nagh vel craueeaght erbee oc ayns coontey-pobble ny bleeaney 2001.<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031221054139/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6590 Religion: 2001 Census] National Statistics website.</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:City of London Skyline from Canary Wharf - Sept 2008.jpg|thumb|Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey as nane jeh ny tree ynnydyn argidoil smoo er y theihll myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]].<ref name="London's place in economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|title=London's place in the UK economy, 2005–06|publisher=City of London|accessdate=2008-03-11|archive-date=2006-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525075622/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2CAE66FB-2DD5-41A5-B916-8FFC37276059/0/BC_RS_lpuk_0511_FR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>]] Ta tarmaynys yn RU jeant seose (ayns oardagh lhargee mooadys) jeh tarmaynysyn [[Tarmaynys Hostyn|Hostyn]], [[Tarmaynys ny h-Albey|ny h-Albey]], [[Tarmaynys Vretin|Vretin]] as [[Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]. Rere [[leahys coonree|leahysyn coonree]] margee, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny wheigoo tarmaynys smoo er y theihll<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcoutm.cfm?SD=2005&ED=2005&R1=1&R2=1&CS=3&SS=2&OS=C&DD=0&OUT=1&C=512-941-914-446-612-666-614-672-311-946-213-137-911-962-193-674-122-676-912-548-313-556-419-678-513-181-316-682-913-684-124-273-339-921-638-948-514-686-218-688-963-518-616-728-223-558-516-138-918-353-748-196-618-278-522-692-622-694-156-142-624-449-626-564-628-283-228-853-924-288-233-293-632-566-636-964-634-182-238-453-662-968-960-922-423-714-935-862-128-716-611-456-321-722-243-965-248-718-469-724-253-576-642-936-643-961-939-813-644-199-819-184-172-524-132-361-646-362-648-364-915-732-134-366-652-734-174-144-328-146-258-463-656-528-654-923-336-738-263-578-268-537-532-742-944-866-176-369-534-744-536-186-429-925-178-746-436-926-136-466-343-112-158-111-439-298-916-927-664-846-826-299-542-582-443-474-917-754-544-698&S=NGDPD&CMP=0&x=31&y=8 |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2005 |accessdate=2006-05-15}}</ref> as ny nah harmaynys moo 'syn Oarpey lurg y [[Yn Ghermaan|Ghermaan]]. Hoshee [[yn Çhyndaa Çhynskylagh]] 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit lesh co-ghlooaghey toshee er çhynskylyn eddrymey lheid as troggal lhongyn, meaineyrys geayil, obbragh staillin, as çhynskyl ny feederaght. Chroo yn impiraght margey har mooir da troaryn Goaldagh, as eh lhiggey da'n RU jannoo kioneys er traght eddyr-ashoonagh 'sy 19oo eas. Ansherbee, lesh çhynskylaghey çheeraghyn elley, myrane lesh parail tarmaynagh ny yei daa chaggey dowanagh, hoshee yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit e vondeish chohirreydagh y choayl as haghyr parail ayns çhynskyl eddrym veggan as ny veggan, trooid y 20oo eash. Ta'n jantyssaght foast ny chooid trome-cheeallagh y tarmaynys, agh cha row eh coontit agh er son sheyoo y troar ashoonagh 'sy vlein 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html |title=TUC Manufacturing Conference |author=Patricia Hewitt |publisher=Department for Trade and Industry |date=2004-07-15 |accessdate=2006-05-16 |archivedate=2007-06-03 |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603191213/http://www.dti.gov.uk/ministers/speeches/hewitt150704b.html }}</ref> Ta'n çhynskyl gleashtanagh Goaldagh ny vooar-chooid jeh'n ronney shoh, agh haghyr pareil ayn lesh cohuittym yn [[MG Rover Group|''MG Rover Group'']], ansherbee, as ec y traa t'ayn ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n çhynskyl fo shellooderaght colughtyn joarree. She [[BAE Systems|''BAE Systems'']], y colught Oarpagh [[EADS]], shellooder ''[[Airbus]]'', ny colughtyn smoo ayns obbragh etlanyn theayagh as coadee. Ta ronney mooar margee jeshaghtyn etlanys y theihill ec [[Rolls-Royce plc|''Rolls-Royce'']]. Ta'n çhynskyl kemmigagh as potacareeagh lajer 'syn RU, lesh y nah as y sheyoo colught potacareeagh er y theihll, ''[[GlaxoSmithKline]]'' as ''[[AstraZeneca]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html |title=The Pharmaceutical sector in the UK |accessdate=2007-02-27 |publisher=Department of Trade and Industry |archivedate=2007-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141427/http://www.dti.gov.uk/sectors/biotech/pharmaceutical/page10219.html }}</ref> [[Coadan:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Banc Hostyn]]; [[bank meanagh]] y Reeriaght Unnaneysit.]] Ta ronney shirveishyn yn RU bishaghey, ansherbee, as nish t'eh freggyrtagh son 73% LTS ny çheerey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-04-26 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=9333 |title=Index of Services (experimental) |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=2006-05-24}}</ref> Ta'n ronney shirveishyn jannoo kioneys er [[shirveishyn argidoil]], ayns bancaght as urryssaght er lheh. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd argidoil smoo er y theihll lesh [[Boorse Lunnin]], [[Boorse Lunnin ry hoi Conaantyn ry-heet Argidoil as Reihyn Eddyr-ashoonagh]] (LIFFE), as y margey urryssagh [[Lloyd's of London|''Lloyd's of London'']] bunnit ayns [[Ard-valley Lunnin]]. Ta Lunnin ny ynnyd scanshoil ry hoi [[dellal eddyr-ashoonagh]] as cochionneeaght as t'eh ny valley toshee er tree "ynnydyn anney" ry hoi [[Yn Tarmaynys Dowanagh|y tarmaynys dowanagh]] (myrane lesh [[York Noa (balley)|York Noa]] as [[Tokyo]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saskia Sassen|Sassen, Saskia]]|title=The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo|year=2001|publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=2h}}</ref> Ta'n co-ghlooaghey banglaneyn bancyn joarree smoo er y theihll ayn. 'Sy yeihaght jerrinagh, ta ynnyd argidoil trughanagh gaase ayns ny [[Lhonglannyn Lunnin|Lhonglannyn]], lesh [[HSBC]] as [[Barclays plc|''Barclays Bank'']] aahoiaghey ny h-ard-offishyn ayns shen. Ta mooarane colughtyn eddyr-ashoonagh nagh vel bunnit 'syn RU son y chooid smoo, lheid as ''[[Citigroup]]'', aahoiaghey ny kione-cherrooyn Oarpagh gys Lunnin. Ta nane jeh ny h-ynnydyn argidoil smoo 'syn Oarpey 'sy phreeu-valley Albinagh, Doon Edin<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmhansrd/vo030430/halltext/30430h05.htm#30430h05_spnew0|title=Financial Services Industry |first=Mark |last=Lazarowicz (Labour MP) |date=2003-04-30|publisher=United Kingdom Parliament |accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> as ta kione-cherroo yn [[Royal Bank of Scotland Group|''Royal Bank of Scotland Group'']], nane jeh ny bancyn smoo 'sy dowan, soit ayn. [[Coadan:Oil_platform_under_repair_at_Gdańsk_Shipyard,_Poland_-_20070504.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Ooill Vooir Hostyn|ooill as gas Vooir Hostyn]] cur cooid da feme bree yn RU.]] Ta'n turrysid feer feer scanshoil da tarmaynys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Lesh çheet ny smoo na 27&nbsp;millioonyn turryssee 'sy vlein 2004, ta'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit rang-oardraghit myr y sheyoo kione jurnaa smoo scanshoil 'sy dowan.<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf International Tourism Receipts]|1.10&nbsp;MB}}. UNWTO Tourism Highlights, Edition 2005 Duillag 12. World Tourism Organisation. Feddynit magh er 24 Boaldyn 2006</ref> Ta Lunnin, er oirr mooar, ny valley smoo shirrit 'sy dowan lesh 15.6 millioonyn keayrtee ayns 2006, roish Bangkok (10.4 millioonyn) as [[Paarys]] (9.7 millioonyn).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way|title=Top 150 city destinations: London leads the way|first=Caroline|last=Bremner|publisher=Euromonitor International|date-2007-10-11|accessdate=2008-08-28}}</ref> Ta ny çhynskylyn crootagh freggyrtagh son 7% [[Lane Tooilliu Feeuid|LTF]] ny çheerey ayns 2005 as daase eh er mean-leahys 6% 'sy vlein eddyr 1997 as 2005.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-09 |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |title=From the Margins to the Mainstream - Government unveils new action plan for the creative industries |publisher=DCMS |accessdate=2007-03-09 |archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120628214959/http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/2132.aspx |archivedate=2012-06-28 }}</ref> Ta ronney eirinagh yn RU coontit er son 0.9% LTS ny çheerey.<ref name=factbook/> Ta tashtey beg geayil 'syn RU myrane lesh tashtaghyn tuittymagh<ref>{{cite web |date=2006-11-30 |url=http://europe.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/19/135819/75 |title=The architecture of UK offshore oil production in relation to future production models |publisher=The Oil Drum |accessdate=2008-08-27}}</ref> [[gas najooragh]] as [[tashtaghyn ooill]]. Ta ny smoo na 400 millioonyn thunnaghyn dy hashtaghyn geayil er enney 'syn RU.<ref name="Coal 1">{{cite web|title=Coal Around the World|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=UK Coal|year=2007|work=UK Coal website|archivedate=2008-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013045749/http://www.ukcoal.com/coal-around-the-world}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2004, va lane ymmyd geayil yn RU (goaill stiagh cooid kionnit stiagh) mygeayrt 61 millioonyn hunnaghyn,<ref name="BERR 1">{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: Long term trends Solid fuels and derived gases|author=UK Coal|url=http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=Department for Business Enterprise & Regulatory Reform|year=2008|work=BERR website|archivedate=2008-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193134/http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file19261.pdf}}</ref> as eh lhiggey da'n RU dy ve hene-haieagh ayns geayl er feie 6.5 bleeaney, ansherbee rere leahysyn tayrn magh roie, bee ny meainyn foast tayrn geayl magh ayns 20 bleeantyn.<ref name="Coal 1"/> She caghlaays lostit lectraghys gientyn geayl-lostit gasaghey geayil keillit (GGK). She tilgey stiagh gaal as ocsygien trooid towl meainey GGK, as eh tilgey magh gas veih'n gheayl as cur y mestey gys y thalloo - foddee saase seyrey geayil lesh towseyn injil carboan. T'eh er credjal dy vel eddyr 7 billioonyn as 16 billioonyn thunnaghyn GGK ayns eaghtyryn er çheer, foddee.<ref name="Coal 2">{{cite web|title=Coal Reserves in the United Kingdom|author=The Coal Authority|url=http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=The Coal Authority|year=2007|work=Response to Energy Review|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923193135/http://www.coal.gov.uk/media//860AD/Response%20to%20Energy%20Review%20-%20Appendix%202.pdf|archivedate=2008-09-23}}</ref> Er ymmyd roie geayil 'syn RU, ta ny towseyn shoh cowraghey tashtaghyn as ad abyl cour er feie 200 as 400 bleeantyn ec yn RU.<ref name="Coal 3">{{cite web|title=BBC News England Expert predicts 'coal revolution'|author=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7046981.stm|accessdate=2008-09-23|publisher=BBC|date=2007-10-16|work=Ynnyd-eggey BBC News}}</ref> Ta cassey yn reiltys 'sy tarmaynys fo stiurey [[Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys]] as eh ny 'er toshee er [[Staaitchishtey yn AO]], agh ta'n [[Ard-vinishter y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Ard-vinishter]] ny [[Kied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey|Chied-hiarn y Staaitchishtey]]; ta Shansyleyr y Rheynn Argidys ny Nah-hiarn y Staaitchishtey. Ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh, va'n RU stiurit ayns freggyrtys lesh prinsabylyn feoiltaghey margee as keeshyn as curmaghey injil. Veih'n vlein 1997, ta [[Bing Pholasee Argidoil]] [[Banc Hostyn|Vanc Hostyn]], fo stiurey [[Kiannoort Vanc Hostyn|Chiannoort Vanc Hostyn]], freggyrtagh son lhie [[leahys banc oikoil|leahysyn use]] ec cormidyn as ad ymmyrçhagh dy chooilleeney lane deanyn bolgey da'n tarmaynys. Ta ny leahysyn shen currit nyn lhie ec y Shansyler dagh blein.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312060011/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/more_about.htm More About the Bank] www.bankofengland.co.uk, feddynit magh er 8 Luanistyn 2008</ref> Ta Reiltys ny h-Albey, rere lowal rish Parlamaid ny h-Albey, abyl leahys bunneydagh keeshyn er çheet stiagh ry-eeck ayns Nalbin y chaghlaa rere 3 pingyn ny smoo ny ny sloo 'sy phunt, agh cha row y cummaght shen cliaghtit derrey yn laa t'ayn. 'Sy vlein 2007, va [[feeaghan reiltys]] yn RU fo 44% [[Lane Troar Sthie|LTS]].<ref name=factbook>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html CIA World Factbook][Rhenk-oardraghey Gini]</ref> She [[punt Sostynagh]], cowrit liorish y chowrey '''[[Cowrey yn phunt|£]]''' argid oikoil yn RU. She [[Banc Hostyn]] y [[banc meanagh]] as t'eh freggyrtagh er son cur magh yn argid. Ta bancyn ayns Nalbin as Nerin Hwoaie freayll kiart noteyn hene y chur magh, as ad smaghtit fo freaylley mie dy liooar noteyn Vanc Hostyn ayns tashtaghyn. Ec launshey yn [[euro]] v'eh reiht ec yn RU çheet lesh yn argid shen, as er yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh, Tony Brown, ta olteynys y phossan argidoil reillt magh lesh ny bleeantyn ry heet. Dooyrt eh dy re eshyn y briwnys kiart da'n Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-07-24 |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |title=Puritanism comes too naturally for 'Huck' Brown |publisher=Times Online |accessdate=2007-07-24 |archive-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814094905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article2127640.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ren reiltys Tony Blair gioal refrane y ghoaill er olteynys y phossan argidoil my vel "[[queig prowalyn tarmaynagh]]" er n'gheddyn. Ayns 2005, va 55% sleih-earroo yn RU noi'n argid, as va 30% son yn argid.<ref>{{cite web |date=2005-02-28 |url=http://www.ipsos-mori.com/content/polls-05/emu-entry-and-eu-constitution.ashx|title=EMU Entry And EU Constitution |publisher=MORI |accessdate=2006-05-17}}</ref> == Ynsagh == {{ardart|Ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{jeeagh|Ynsagh ayns Sostyn|Ynsagh ayns Nalbin|Ynsagh ayns Bretin|Ynsagh ayns Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg|thumb|[[King's College, Cambridge|King's College]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]]]] [[Coadan:Tom Quad, Christ Church 2004-01-21.jpg|thumb|right|[[Christ Church, Aah yn Ollee|Christ Church]], cooid jeh [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]]]] Ta [[ynsagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] ny red jee-veanit lesh corysyn er lheh ayns Bretin, Nalbin, Nerin Hwoaie as Sostyn. Ta [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Lhiennoo, Scoillyn as Lught-thie]] as [[Screeudeyr y Steat ry hoi Noaid, Ollooscoillyn as Schleiyn]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Sostyn]], agh ta [[Lught-reill Ynnydagh Ynsee]] freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Va ynsagh steat cadjin currit stiagh ayns Sostyn as Bretin 'sy vlein 1870 da scollagyn ny bunscoillyn as 'sy vlein 1900 da scollagyn ny meanscoillyn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 |title=United Kingdom |publisher=Humana |accessdate=2006-05-18 |archivedate=2006-10-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003010910/http://www.humana.org/Article.asp?TxtID=223&SubMenuItemID=183&MenuItemID=43 }}</ref> Ta'n ynsagh anneydagh da scollagyn eddyr queig bleeaney as shey bleeaney jeig d'eash (15 my vel ad ruggit ayns Jerrey Souree jeianagh ny Luanistyn). Ta'n chooid smoo dy scollagyn ynsit ayns scoillyn y steat, as coreir beg jeu reih scoillyn er bun ablid acadoil. Faagail magh dy row parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn as ad goll gys scoillyn preevaadjagh, ta coreir scollagyn ayns Sostyn ayns ny scoillyn shen ny yei er heet ny smoo na 7%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2007/nov/09/schools.uk |title=Private school pupil numbers in decline] |publisher=Guardian |date=2007-11-09}}</ref> Va beggan ny smoo na lieh-chooid dy scollagyn ny h-ollooscoillyn [[Ollooscoill Chambridge|Chambridge]] as [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee|Aah yn Ollee]] nyn eear-scollagyn scoillyn y steat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/6905288.stm |title=More state pupils in universities |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-07-19}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy ny h-ollooscoillyn share er y theihll ayns Sostyn; ta [[Ollooscoill Chambridge]], [[Ollooscoill Aah yn Ollee]], as [[Ollooscoill Lunnin]] rang-oardit mastey ny 20 ollooscoilyn share ayns [[THES - QS World University Rankings|''THES – QS World University Rankings'']] ny bleeaney 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/hybrid.asp?typeCode=144|title=The top 200 world universities|publisher=Times Higher Education|date=2007-11-09|accessdate=2008-02-19}}</ref> Ansherbee, rere parail ayns earrooyn ny scollagyn ta gynsaghey çhengaghyn joarree, ta aggle ayn dy beagh eiyrtys jiooldagh er dellal, as nish ta yllee ayn tosheeaght ny smoo dy chur er çhengaghyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/4442223.stm |title=Fear over poor UK language skills |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}} Jeeagh er neesht: {{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/6960432.stm |title=Row over fall in language studies |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref> Ta [[Screeudeyr Arrey ry hoi Ynsagh as Ynsaght Seihill]] freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns Nalbin]], agh ta Lught-reill Ynnydagh freggyrtagh ry hoi stiurey laa dy laa as argid. Ta paartyn ogheragh ayns ynsagh ny h-Albey ec colughtyn theayagh neu-rheynnagh: ta [[Lught-reill Qualleeaghtyn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh er son lhiasaghey, credjoonaght, scrutaght as teishtys qualleeaghtyn faagail magh keimyn as ad seyrit ayns mean-scoillyn, colaashtaghyn ynsee sodjey [[Ynsagh trassagh|eear-vean-scoillaragh]] as ynnydyn elley;<ref>[http://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/5656.html Mysh SQA] sqa.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> as ta [[Learning and Teaching Scotland]] kiarail coyrle, cooid as lhiasaghey fwirran da'n lught ynsee dy cur lhiasaghey coorse er oaie as dy chroo cultoor noaid, gloyrvian as erbaghtallys.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401140609/http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/aboutlts/index.asp Mysh Learning and Teaching Scotland] ltscotland.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Va ynsagh anneydagh currit ayns leigh ayns Nalbin 'sy vlein 1496.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071204064525/http://www.scotland.org/about/innovation-and-creativity/features/education/e_brain_drain.html Brain drain in reverse] scotland.org, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ta beggan ny smoo na 4% dy scollagyn ny h-Albey, agh ta'n earroo shen gaase ayns ny bleeantyn jerrinagh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6563167.stm |title=Increase in private school intake |publisher=BBC News |date=2007-04-17}}</ref> Ta [[Arrey Ynsee (Nerin Hwoaie)|Arrey Ynsee]], [[Caitríona Ruane]] ([[Sinn Féin]]) ec y traa t'ayn, freggyrtagh son [[ynsagh ayns NerinHwoaie]],<ref name="northernireland1"/> agh er y leval ynnydagh t'eh fo stiurey queig Boayrdyn Ynsee as Lioarlannyn. Ta'n [[Cooinseil ry hoi Coorse, Scrutaght as Meihaghey]] freggyrtagh er son coyrle er coorse ny scoillyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie, stundayrtyn scrialtee as cur magh qualleeaghtyn.<ref>[http://www.ccea.org.uk/ About Us - What we do] ccea.org.uk, feddynit magh er 7 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> T'eh lesh [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] freggyrtys [[ynsagh ayns Bretyn|ynsee ayns Bretyn]]. Ta mooarane dy scollagyn ynsit dy bollagh ny son y chooid smoo ayns [[Bretnish]];ta lessoonyn ayns Bretnish anneydagh da scollagyn ny s'aa na 16 bleeaney d'eash. Ta planyn ayn bishaghey kiarail scoillyn Bretnish dy chur ayn as y plan shen ny choid jeh'n pholasee Bretin ghaa-hengagh y chroo. Rere [[Claare ry hoi Scrutaght Eddyr-ashoonagh ny Scollagyn]] ta'n RU 'sy 14oo ynnyd ayns oaylleeaght, as eh ny s'yrjey na mean yn RCTL.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf|title=Range of rank on the PISA 2006 science scale}}</ref> == Arraghey == {{ardart|Arraghey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:London Heathrow T5 AB1.JPG|thumb|[[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow#Terminal 5|Heathrow Terminal 5]]. Ta ny smoo troailtee aeragh eddyr-ashoonagh goll trooid [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]] na trooid purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7472432.stm|title=Heathrow 'needs a third runway' |publisher=BBC|accessdate=2008-10-17}}</ref><ref name=airport>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/aci/aci/file/Press%20Releases/2008/TOP30_International%20Passengers_2007.pdf|title=Statistics: Top 30 World airports|format=PDF|publisher=Airports Council International|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Bb-forthrailbridge.jpg|thumb|Ta [[Droghad Raad Yiarn Foirthe]], Nalbin, ny cowrey jallooagh y [[Network Rail|voggyl raad yiarn]].]] Ta'n [[Jantys Raaidyn Mooarey]] ny jantys obbree ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as bayryn gleashtanagh ayns Sostyn faagail magh y raad preevaadjagh [[M6 Keesh]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130113225031/http://www.m6toll.co.uk/faqs/default.asp?mainmenuid=6 M6Toll Frequently asked questions] www.m6toll.co.uk, feddynit erash er 13 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Ta'n Rheynn Arraghey gra dy vel gloo traght nane jeh ny crampysyn traght smoo trome-chooishagh, as mannagh vel red erbee jeant ayn, bee eh costal Sostyn £22&nbsp;villioon brash rere traa juaillit.<ref>{{cite web|title = Tackling congestion on our roads|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/introtoroads/roadcongestion/ |publisher = Department for Transport}}</ref> Rere [[Studeyrys Traght Eddington|tuarastyl y reiltys Eddington]] ny bleeaney 2006, bee yn tarmaynys jeeyllit liorish y ghloo traght, mannagh vel laue currit rish liorish priseil raaidyn as bishaghey yn voggyl arraghey.<ref>{{cite web|title = Delivering choice and reliability|url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|publisher = Department for Transport|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081122094312/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/speeches/congestion|archivedate = 2008-11-22|accessdate = 2008-11-29}}</ref><ref> {{ cite web|title = The Eddington Transport Study|first= Rod |last= Eddington |date = Mee ny Nollick 2006 |url = http://www.dft.gov.uk/about/strategy/transportstrategy/eddingtonstudy/ |publisher = UK Treasury |archiveurl=http://archive.is/5bkpn|archivedate=2007-11-04}} </ref> Ta [[Rheynn Treealys, Arraghey as Ynsaghey Beayn ny h-Albey]] freggyrtagh son moggyl arraghey ny h-Albey, as she [[Transport Scotland]] (Arraghey ny h-Albey) yn jantys ta freggyrtagh rish [[Screeudeyr Arrey Argidys as Bishaghey Yn-Ymmyrkey]] ry hoi raaidyn mooarey as moggylyn raaidyn yiarn ny h-Albey.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/ Transport Scotland - Keeping Scotland moving] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddyniy erash er 1 Jerrey Souree 2008 </ref> Ta mygeayrt 340 stashoonyn traenagh ayns moggyl raad yiarn ny h-Albey as 3,000 kilomeadaryn raaidyn yiarn lesh ny smoo na 62&nbsp;villioon troailtee er dagh blein.<ref>[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland - Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk, feddynit erash er 10 Jerrey Souree 2008</ref> Harrish yn RU, ta moggyl raaidyn lieh-chrantessenagh lesh 46,904 kilomeadaryn (29,145 mi) dy raaidyn mooarey as moggyl bayryn gleashtanagh ta 3,497 kilomeadaryn (2,173 mi) er lhiurid. Ta 213,750 kilomeadaryn (132,818 mi) dy raaidyn peamadit ayn foast. Ta'n [[Network Rail|moggyl raaidyn yiarn]], ta 16,116&nbsp;km (10,072&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid 'sy Vretyn Vooar as 303&nbsp;km (189&nbsp;mi) er lhiurid ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ymmyrkey ny smoo na 18,000 traenyn troailtee as 1,000 traenyn traghtee dagh laa. Ta moggylyn raaidyn yiarn baljagh mie lhiasit ayns Lunnin as ayns baljyn elley. Va ny smoo na 48,000&nbsp;km (30,000&nbsp;mi) dy raaidyn yiarn 'syn RU, agh eddyr ny bleeantyn 1955 as 1975, va'n chooid smoo jeh'n voggyl leodit, as y leodaghey shen lurg tuarastyl liorish yn 'er-choyrlee reiltys [[Richard Beeching]] ayns ny mean 1960yn (currit er enney myr [[Giarrey Beeching]]). Ta'n lught reill smooinaghtyn er raaidyn yiarn ard-vieauid dy hroggal roish ny bleeaney 2025.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7467203.stm Major new rail lines considered] BBC News, 21 Mean Souree 2008 </ref> Ta [[Purt Aeragh Lunnin-Heathrow]], ta soit 24&nbsp;km (15&nbsp;mi) eear veih'n phreeu-valley, ny purt aeragh smoo tarrooagh 'syn RU as ta ny smoo troailtee eddyr-ashoonagh aynjee na t'ayns purt aeragh elley erbee er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="bbc1"/><ref name=airport/> == Spoyrt == {{ardart|Spoyrt 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ghow [[spoyrt]]yn mooarey, goaill stiagh [[soccer]], [[ruggyr]], [[criggad]], [[tennys]] as [[golf]], toshiaght 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Rere co-earroo ny bleeaney 2006, she soccer y spoyrt smoo ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx|title=Crowded Summer Of Sport|publisher=Ipsos Mori|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163751/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/content/crowded-summer-of-sport.ashx}}</ref> Er yn ardan eddyr-ashoonagh, ta [[Bretin]], [[Nalbin]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]], as [[Sostyn]] cohirrey ayns ram sleih-ghammanyn, chammah as ayns [[Cloiaghyn y Cho-unnaneys]], as ayns co-hecks spoyrt ta'n ennym ny [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]] currit orroo. Ta fwirranyn ashoonagh ayns [[bluckan bascaidagh]] as ayns ny [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh]] shassoo er son y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Bluckan coshey === {{ardart|Soccer 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Coadan:Wembley Stadium closeup.jpg|thumb|right|[[Staid Wembley]] noa ayns Lunnin. T'eh ny staid smoo deyr er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="Daily Mail - stadium ready">{{cite news | date=2007-03-09 | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-441182/Wembley-kick-Stadium-ready-England-play-game-fortnight.html | title=Wembley kick-off: Stadium is ready and England play first game in fortnight | work=[[Daily Mail]] | accessdate=2007-03-19}}</ref>]] [[Coadan:Hampden Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pairk Hampden]], [[Glaschu]] - staid sockyr ashoonagh ny h-Albey.]] Ta sheshaght sockyr, fwirran ashoonagh as corys leeg ec dagh çheer yn RU, agh ta clubyn ennagh cloie magh veih ny corysyn ashoonagh oc er oyryn shendeeagh as losteeagh, ansherbee. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Hostyn|Sostyn]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr ny h-Albey|Nalbin]], [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Vretin|Bretin]] as [[Fwirran ashoonagh sockyr Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]] cloie myr çheeraghyn ennagh ayns cohirraghyn eddyrashoonagh as, myr eiyrtys, cha nel fwirran sockyr er lheh ec yn RU. Ta treealtysyn ayn fwirran ashoonagh sockyr da'n RU dy chroo ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ny bleeaney 2012 agh ta sheshaghtyn ny h-Albey, Vretin as Nerin Hwoaie ny yei commeeys y yiooldey, as ad credjal dy vel y stayd oc er nyn maggyrt – baggyrt ta feeraghit liorish eaghtyrane FIFA, Sepp Blatter.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/football/7286011.stm|title=Blatter against British 2012 team|publisher=BBC News|date=2008-03-09|accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Ta Sostyn ny fwirran ashoonagh smoo ladoosagh mastey ny çheeraghyn thie, lesh Cappan y Dowan ny bleeaney 1966 cosnit eck. Ta trughanys lajer ayns soccer eddyr Sostyn as Nalbin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Hostyn goaill stiagh keeadyn dy leegyn eddyr-chianglt as ad jeant seose jeh thousaneyn dy rheynnyn. Ta [[Preeu-rheynn Hostyn|Preeu-rheynn Hostyn (''Premiership'')]] ec baare y leeg ny leeg smoo ard-ghooagh er feie ny cruinney<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081205073341/http://www.watch-football.net/articles/premier_league.html Premier and Champions League history] watch-football.net, feddynit magh er 1 Jerrey Souree, 2008</ref> as t'eh feer ennoil 'syn [[Yn Aishey|Aishey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3207829.stm |title=Chinese phone maker's fancy footwork |publisher=BBC News |date=2003-10-27 |accessdate=2006-08-09}}</ref> Sheese, ta'n [[The Football League|Leeg Sockyr (''The Football League'')]] jeant seose jeh tree rheynnyn as ta rheynn ashoonagh ec y [[Football Conference|''Football Conference'']] lesh daa leeg ardjynagh artagh. Ny yei shen ta'n structoor ny smoo ardjynagh. Ta clubyn mooarey ennoil lheid as [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], as [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. Va clubyn Sostynagh feer ladoosagh ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh lheid as cosneyderyn y Chappan Oarpagh/Leeg Fenee UEFA: [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (queig keayrtyn), [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (tree keayrtyn), [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] (daa cheayrt) as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]. Ta'n Cappan Oarpagh cosnit ec ny smoo clubyn Sostynagh na ec clubyn ass çheeraghyn elley (kiare fwirranyn cosoylagh rish tree ass yn Iddaal, y Ghermaan, as y Çheer Injil). Erskyn ooilley, ta Sostyn 'sy nah rhenk ayns rolley cosneyderyn cappanyn Oarpagh lesh 35 cohirraghyn cosnit oc (ta 36 ec clubyn ny h-Iddaal). Ta cohirrey yn Chappan Oarpagh çheet magh myr eiyrtys speeideilys club Sostynagh elley, [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|''Wolverhampton Wanderers'']] noi clubyn Oarpagh mooarey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001212711/http://galeb.etf.bg.ac.yu/~mirad/archive.html|archivedate=2007-10-01|title=The Beginning of Champions Cup|accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> ayns ny 1950yn. She [[Staid Wembley]], lesh soiagyn da 90,000 cronneyderyn, preeu staid spoyrtagh Hostyn. Ta daa leeg ashoonagh ayns corys leeg sockyr ny h-Albey: [[Preeu-rheynn ny h-Albey]], yn ard rheynn, as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey]], lesh tree rheynnyn. Sheese jeu, ta tree leegyn ardjynagh ayn agh cha nel ad kianglt lesh ny leegyn ashoonagh: [[Leeg Sockyr ny Gaeltaght]], [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Hiar]] as [[Leeg Sockyr ny h-Albey Yiass]]. Ta un chlub Sostynagh, [[Berwick Rangers F.C.|Berwick Rangers]], cloie ayns y chorys Albinagh. Ta daa chlub mooarey ard-ghooagh ayns Nalbin as enney orroo er feie ny cruinney, [[Celtic F.C.|''Celtic'']] as [[Rangers F.C.|''Rangers'']]. Ta clubyn Albinagh lesh speeideilys ayns Cohirraghyn Oarpagh goaill stiagh lheid as ''Celtic'' (y Cappan Oarpagh ayns 1967), ''Rangers'' (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1972) as [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] (Cappan Cosneyderyn Cappanyn UEFA ayns 1983 as Ard-chappan Oarpagh ayns 1983). Va Celtic ny chied chlub Goaldagh y Cappan Oarpagh y chosney. Ta corys leeg sockyr Bretnagh goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn Vretin]] as leegyn ardjynagh. Ta'n club Bretnagh [[The New Saints F.C.|The New Saints]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn er çheu Hostynagh y joarey ayns [[Oswestry]]. Ta ny clubyn Bretnagh [[Cardiff City F.C.]], [[Colwyn Bay F.C.]], [[Merthyr Tydfil F.C.]], [[Newport County A.F.C.]], [[Swansea City A.F.C.]] as [[Wrexham F.C.]] cloie 'sy chorys Sostynagh. She [[Staid y Villey Bleeaney]] ayns Cayr Deeth, lesh soiagyn da 76,250 cronneyderyn, preeu-staid spoyrtagh Vretin. Ta corys leeg sockyr Nerin Hwoaie goaill stiagh [[Preeu-rheynn yn IFA]]. Ta un chlub ass Nerin Hwoaie, [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] cloie nyn gloiaghyn çheu mooie jeh'n RU ayns [[Leeg FAI Nerin|corys leeg sockyr Phobblaght Nerin]]. === Spoyrtyn elley === [[Coadan:Wimbledon Grojean 2004 RJL.JPG|thumb|Ta ny [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Feniaghtysyn Wimbledon]], tournamint [[Grand Slam (tennys)|Grand Slam]], cloiet ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin]] ayns Mean Souree as Jerrey Souree]] [[Coadan:Royal & Ancient Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|T'eh er credjal dy vel [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]] "Thie Golf" y dowan.]] Ta [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys]] reaghit er bun er lheh da [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Sostyn|Sostyn]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nalbin|Nalbin]], [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Bretin|Bretin]] as [[Ruggyr yn Unnaneys ayns Nerin|Nerin]] as ta corys leeg as fwirran eddyr-ashoonagh er lheh oc, agh dagh kiare bleeaney ta fwirran ny [[Leionyn Goaldagh as Yernagh]] cloie 'syn Austrail, 'sy Teelynn Noa ny 'syn Affrick Yiass, as ny cloiederyn reiht veih ny h-Ashoonyn Thie. Va Cappan Ruggyr Unnaneys y Dowan cosnit ec Sostyn ayns 2003, agh she yn treeoo ynnyd y boayl s'yrjey ec Bretin, as y kiaroo ynnyd ec Nalbin. Cha jagh Nerin gys ny kerrooghyn-yerrinagh rieau. Ta bun [[Ruggyr y Leeg]] ayns [[Sostyn Hwoaie]] as va fwirran singyl 'ny Bretyn Mooar' cloie ayns Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan derrey 2008, tra chloie Sostyn, Nalbin as Nerin myr fwirranyn er lheh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rlwc08.com/|title=Ynnyd-eggey Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Dowan 2008}}</ref> Va'n [[criggad]] currit er bun ayns Sostyn as she [[fwirran criggad Hostyn]], ta fo stiurey [[Boayrd Criggad Hostyn as Vretin]],<ref>[http://www.ecb.co.uk/ecb/about-ecb/ About ECB] www.ecb.co.uk, feddynit magh er 4 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> fwirran ashoonagh ynrican 'syn RU lesh stayd prowallagh. Ta ny h-olteynyn çheet magh ass ny fwirranyn coontae mooarey, as t'ad goaill stiagh criggadee Sostynagh as Bretnagh. Ta'n criggad anchasley rish Soccer as Ruggyr c'raad dy vel fwirranyn ashoonagh er lheh cloie. Chloie criggadee [[Spoyrt ayns Nerin|Yernagh]] as [[Criggad ayns Nalbin|Albinagh]] lesh fwirran Hostyn er y fa nagh vel stayd prowallagh ec [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny h-Albey|Nalbin]] ny ec [[Fwirran criggad Nerin|Nerin]]. Er y gherrid, hoshee ad cloie ayns Cloiaghyn Eddyr-ashoonagh Un-laa. Chloie Nalbin, Sostyn (goaill stiagh Bretin), as Nerin (goaill stiagh Nerin Hwoaie) ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Dowan]], as raink Sostyn tree keayrtyn gys y kione-chloie. Ta feniaghtys leeg gerrymoil ayn c'raad dy vel clubyn ass 17 coondaeghyn Sostynagh as 1 choontae Bretnagh cohirrey. Ta [[snooker]] nane jeh assphurtanyn ny Bretyn Mooar. Ta feniaghtysyn y dowan cloiet dagh blein ayns [[Sheffield]]. Ta'n spoyrt bishaghey er feie ny cruinney, lesh bishaghey mooar 'sy Çheen. Va [[tennys]] currit er bun ayns [[Birmingham]] eddyr ny bleeantyn 1859 as 1865. Ta [[The Championships, Wimbledon]] ny taghyrtyn tennys ayns [[Wimbledon, Lunnin|Wimbledon]] ayns jiass [[Lunnin]] dagh sourey as t'eh er credjal dy vel ad nyn daghyrt smoo ooashley ayns lioar imbee tennys ny cruinney. Ta'n ratçhal cabbil fuilloilagh, lesh y bun echey fo [[Çhalse II Hostyn]] myr "spoyrt ny reeaghyn", feer ennymoil harrish yn RU lesh ratçhalyn mooarey lheid as y [[Grand National]], yn [[Epsom Derby]] as [[Coorse Ratçhal Ascot#Royal Ascot|Royal Ascot]]. T'eh er credjal dy vel [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] ny chree ratçhal Hostyn, er bun [[Coorse Ratçhal Newmarket]]. Ta golf ny sheyoo spoyrt smoo ennoil, rere commeeys, 'syn RU as ta [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews]], ayns Nalbin, coorse thie yn spoyrt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf|title=Tracking the Field|format=PDF|publisher=Ipsos MORI|accessdate=2008-10-17|archivedate=2009-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205004856/http://www.ipsospublicaffairs.co.uk/_assets/newsletters/tracking-the-field.pdf}}</ref> Ta'n [[cammag Albinagh]] (ny ''camanachd'') feer ennoil ayns [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]], as ta thousaneyn dy chronneyderyn ec ram cloiaghyn, chammah as ec kione-chloie yn phreeu-hournamint, y [[Cappan Camanachd]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171010105806/http://www.scottishsport.co.uk/othersports/shinty.htm Shinty] scottishsport.co.uk, feddynit magh er 2 Jerrey Fouyir, 2008</ref> Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as yn [[immanaght]] nyn sleih-ghammanyn ennoil, rere commeeys as cronneyderyn. == Cultoor == {{Ardart|Cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta cultoor y Reeriaght Unnaneysit – y cultoor Goaldagh – çheet magh ass [[shennaghys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] myr çheer ellanagh lhiasit, reeriaght, cummaght impiroil as, son y chooid smoo, myr unnaneys politickagh jeh kiare çheeraghyn, lesh eiraght er lheh, oashyn as cosoyley. Myr eiyrtys ny [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh|h-Impiraght Goaldagh]], ta cleayney Goaldagh ry-akin ayns çhengey, cultoor as corysyn leighoil ny shenn-choloinyn lheid as [[Yn Chanadey|y Chanadey]], [[yn Austrail]], [[yn Injey]] as [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. === Scannaneaght === {{Ardart|Scannaneaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Va'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit cummaghtagh ayns lhiasaghey ny scannaneaght, lesh [[Ealing Studios]] gaggyrt dy vel ad nyn seyrlanyn shinney er y theihll. Faagail magh dy vel shennaghys fillmyn scanshoil as ladoosagh 'syn RU, ta'n çhynskyl cowrit lesh resoonaght veayn er yn enney echey, as cleayney ny scannaneaght Americaanagh as Oarpagh. === Lettyraght === {{ardart|Lettyraght Ghoaldagh}} [[Coadan:Shakespeare.jpg|thumb|upright|Y [[cochaslys Chandos]], as eh er credjal dy vel eh soilshaghey magh [[William Shakespeare]].]] [[Coadan:Robert burns.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Robert Burns]] - ammyssit myr [[bard ashoonagh]] ny [[Nalbin|h-Albey]]]] Ta "lettyraght Ghoaldagh" cur sheese da'n lettyraght ta kianglt lesh y Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[Mannin]] as Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght, chammah as da'n lettyraght t'er heet magh ass Sostyn, Bretin as Nalbin roish crooaght y Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n lettyraght Ghoaldagh ayns [[Baarle]]. Tan bard as y screeudeyr cloie Sostynagh [[William Shakespeare]] ammyssit myr y dramadeyr share 'sy çhennaghys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/537853/William-Shakespeare |title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html |title=MSN Encarta Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26 |archivedate=2006-02-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209154055/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562101/Shakespeare.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Shakespeare%2c+William |title=Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia article on Shakespeare |accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> Ta [[Geoffrey ass Monmouth]] (12-oo eash), [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] (14-oo eash), as [[Thomas Malory]] (15-oo eash) mastey ny screeudeyryn Sostynagh s'lheah. 'Sy 18-oo eash, va [[Samuel Richardson]] treishtit lesh crooaght y noaskeeal noa-emshiragh. 'Sy 19-oo eash, haghyr noaidyn ny smoo liorish [[Jane Austin]], ny [[Brontë|shuyryn Brontë]], yn troddanagh sheshoil [[Charles Dickens]], y [[najooraghys (lettyrght)|najooree]] [[Thomas Hardy]], y bard ashlinagh [[William Blake]] as y bard romansagh [[William Wordsworth]]. Ta screeudeyryn y 20-oo eash goaill stiagh lheid as screeudeyr far-skeealyn skeeandagh [[H. G. Wells]], [[D. H. Lawrence]] arganagh, y [[noa-emshiraght|noa-emshiragh]] [[Virginia Woolf]], y noa-skeealagh faaishnagh [[George Orwell]] as y bard [[John Betjeman]]. Er y gherrid ta screeudeyr lioaryn ny far-skeealyn sheiltynys paitçhyn [[Harry Potter]] liorish [[J. K. Rowling]] aachooinaghtyn er ennoilid [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]. Ta [[lettyraght ny h-Albey|cohortys ny h-Albey]] goaill stiagh y screeudeyr cronneydagh [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], lettyraght romansagh liorish y Reejerey [[Walter Scott]] as contoyrtysyn [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]. Ta'n bard ennoil [[Robert Burns]], chammah as [[William McGonagall]] ass Nalbin myrgeddin. Er y gherrid, hug ny noa-emshiree as yn h-ashooneyderyn [[Hugh MacDiarmid]] as [[Neil M. Gunn]] mooarane da [[Aavioghey ny h-Albey]]. Ta reayrt groamagh ry-gheddyn ayns skeealyn [[Ian Rankin]] as 'sy chloie shicklaagagh aitt-grayn liorish [[Iain Banks]]. Ta preeu-valley ny h-Albey, Doon Edin, enmyssit myr kied ard-valley ny lettyraght liorish UNESCO.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=27852&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Edinburgh, UK appointed first UNESCO City of Literature] unesco.org, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008</ref> 'Sy vean-eash lheah, screeu screeudeyryn Bretnagh y [[Mabinogi]]. 'Syn eash noa-emshiragh, hug ny bardyn [[R. S. Thomas]] as [[Dylan Thomas]] cultoor Vretin gys y lught eaishtagh eddyr-ashoonagh. Va cummal er screeudeyryn ass çheeraghyn elley, ass Nerin dy mynchooishagh, ny ass çheeraghyn y Cho-unnaneys, 'syn RU. Ta sampleyryn ennoil jeu goaill stiagh lheid as [[Jonathan Swift]], [[Oscar Wilde]], [[Bram Stoker]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[T. S. Eliot]] as [[Ezra Pound]], as er y gherrid ughtaryn Goaldagh va ruggit ass y çheer lheid as [[Kazuo Ishiguro]] as y Reejerey [[Salman Rushdie]]. Ayns theater, hug co-emshiree Shakespeare [[Christopher Marlowe]] as [[Ben Jonson]] ny smoo da. Er y gherrid ren [[Alan Ayckbourn]], [[Harold Pinter]], [[Michael Frayn]], [[Tom Stoppard]] as [[David Edgar (screeudeyr cloie)|David Edgar]] cochiangle ass elmintyn sur-rieughid, rieughid as fraueoilaght. === Kiaull === [[Coadan:The Fabs.JPG|thumb|Ta [[The Beatles]] nane jeh ny bannyn smoo scanshoil as ennoil er feie ny cruinney, lesh ny smoo na billioon recortyssyn er ny creck eu.<ref name="uktvrecording">{{cite web |first= |last= |url=http://uktv.co.uk/history/gallery/aid/601378/multipageid/5823 |title=In This Month: June |publisher=uktv |accessdate=2008-08-15}}</ref>]] Ta aghtyn eigsoylagh kiaull ennoil 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit, [[kiaull çheerey Hostynagh|kiaull çheerey Hostyn]], Nerin Hwoaie, Vretyn as ny h-Albey, as kiaull veain hrome ny mast'oc. Va cohortys [[Glaschu]] ayns kiaull currit er enney 'sy vlein nar v'eh enmyssit myr Ard-valley Kiaull jeh cooid ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit, as eh nane jeh tree ard-valjyn ynrican er feie ny cruinney lesh yn aundyr shen.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7570915.stm Glasgow gets city of music honour] bbc.co.uk, feddynit magh er 20 Luanistyn 2008 </ref> Va [[The Beatles]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Status Quo]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091226090132/http://www.statusquo.co.uk/factsheet.htm Quo Facts] statusquo.co.uk, feddynit magh er 14 Jerrey Fouyir 2008</ref> [[Slade]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2245820.stm Honorary award for glam rockers] BBC News, 9 Mean Fouyir, 2002 </ref> [[Led Zeppelin]], [[The Who]], [[Queen (bann)|Queen]], as [[Black Sabbath]] mastey ny cohoyrtee ayns ny 1960yn as ny 1970yn ayns lhiasaghey ny [[craa-chiaull]]. Haink kiaull veain hrome, [[craa-chiaul chraaee]], [[craa-chiaull sponk]] as [[kiaull honn noa]] ny yei myr eiyrtys. Ayns ny 1980yn leah, haink rah er bannyn kiaull Romansagh Noa Goaldagh lheid as [[Duran Duran]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[Spandau Ballet]], [[Soft Cell]] as [[Ultravox]]. Ayns ny 1990yn, va rah eddyr-ashoonagh fowit ec bannyn [[Britpop]] as kiaull [[electronica]]. Ta kiaulleyderyn Goaldagh jeianagh ayns pop-chiaull goaill stiagh [[The Smiths]], [[Oasis (bann)|Oasis]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Leona Lewis]], [[Coldplay]], as ny [[Spice Girls]]. Ta cummeyderyn kiaull chlassicagh ennoil ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ny çheeraghyn v'ayn roish goaill stiagh [[William Byrd]], [[Henry Purcell]], y Reejerey [[Edward Elgar]], [[Gustav Holst]], y Reejerey [[Arthur Sullivan]] (kiaulleyder ard-ghooagh er son yn obbyr echey lesh y screeuder levreag, y Reejerey [[W. S. Gilbert]]) [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]], as [[Benjamin Britten]], kioneraadagh y chiaulldramey Goaldagh noa-emshiragh. === Fallsoonys === Ta enney share er y Reeriaght Unnaneysit er son y tradishoon "Treealaght Ghoaldagh", banglane jeh fallsoonys fys ta gra nagh vel fys gyn taghyrt breeoil. T'ad ny fallsoonee smoo scanshoil jeh'n tradishoon shen na [[John Locke]], [[George Berkeley]] as [[David Hume]]. Ta enney share er y Vretyn Vooar er son çhoarym fallsoonys moralagh, Vondeishaghys, as eh ymmydit da'n chied cheayrt liorish [[Jeremy Bentham]] as, ny s'anmey, liorish [[John Stuart Mill]] 'syn obbyr giare echey ''[[Utilitarianism]]''. Ta fallsoonee ard-ennymagh elley ass y Reeriaght Unnaneysit goaill stiagh [[Duns Scotus]], [[William ass Ockham]], [[Thomas Hobbes]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Adam Smith]] as [[Alfred Ayer]]. Ta fallsoonee quaagh as cummal orroo 'syn RU goaill stiagh [[Isaiah Berlin]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Karl Popper]], as [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. === Oaylleeaght, jeshaghteyrys as noaid === [[Coadan:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]]] [[Coadan:Charles Darwin aged 51.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Charles Darwin]]]] Rug ram oaylleeyn as jeshaghteyryn as obbyr scanshoil jeant oc 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. T'ad goaill stiagh lheid as. * Y [[fishigagh]], [[maddaghteyr]], [[Rollageydys|rollageyder]], [[Fallsoonys najooragh|fallsoonagh najooragh]], [[Far-chemmig|far-chemmicagh]] as [[Jeeaghtys|jeeaghteyr]], y Reejerey [[Isaac Newton]]. * Co-unnaneyssey [[magnaidys lectragh]], liorish [[James Clerk Maxwell]]. * Feddyn magh [[hiddragien]], liorish [[Henry Cavendish]]. * Y [[gaal-ghleashagh]], liorish [[Richard Trevithick]] as [[Andrew Vivian]]. * Y chied chorys [[çhellveeish]], liorish [[John Logie Baird]]. * Aafilley rere [[reih najooragh]], liorish [[Charles Darwin]]. * Y [[jeshaght Turing]], liorish [[Alan Turing]], bun co-earrooderyn noa-emshiragh. * Troggal [[GDN]], liorish [[Francis Crick]] as sleih elley. * Lhiasaghey [[Moggyl ny Cruinney#Bunneydys|Moggyl ny Cruinney]], currit gys lieh [[Tim Berners-Lee]]. * Feddyn magh [[penisillin]], liorish y Reejerey [[Alexander Fleming]]. * Feddyn magh y chied [[çhellvane]], liorish [[Alexander Graham Bell]]. === Ellyn reayrtagh === {{ardart|Ellyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} Ta'n [[Colaashtey Reeoil]] soit ayns Lunnin. Ta scoillyn mooarey ellyn elley goaill stiagh [[Slade School of Fine Art|''Slade School of Fine Art'']]; ny shey scoillyn ayns [[Ollooscoill yn Ellyn Lunnin]], as ad goaill stiagh [[Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design|''Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design'']] as [[Chelsea College of Art and Design]]; [[Scoill Ellyn Ghlaschu]], as [[Goldsmiths, Ollooscoill Lunnin]]. Ta'n ventyr traghtee shoh nane jeh sheshaghtyn toshee ny Bretyn Mooar ayns ellyn reayrtagh. Ta ellyneyryn Goaldagh goaill stiagh y Reejerey [[Joshua Reynolds]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]], [[William Blake]], [[J. M. W. Turner]], [[William Morris]], [[L. S. Lowry]], [[Francis Bacon]], [[Lucian Freud]], [[David Hockney]], [[Gilbert as George]], [[Richard Hamilton (ellyneyr)|Richard Hamilton]], [[Peter Blake (ellyneyr)|Peter Blake]], [[Howard Hodgkin]], [[Antony Gormley]], as [[Anish Kapoor]]. Rish ny 1980yn as ny 1990yn, hug y [[Saatchi Gallery]] ayns Lunnin possan ellyneyryn yl-cheirdagh gys arrey yn phobble as yn ennym [[Ellyneyryn Aegey Goaldagh]] currit orroo. Tan possan shoh goaill stiagh lheid as [[Damien Hirst]], [[Chris Ofili]], [[Rachel Whiteread]], [[Tracey Emin]], [[Mark Wallinger]], [[Steve McQueen (ellyneyr)|Steve McQueen]], [[Sam Taylor-Wood]], as ny [[Jake as Dinos Chapman|Braaryn Chapman]]. == Noteyn == {{notelist}} == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == ; Reiltys * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213150954/http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page1.asp Ynnyd-eggey oikoil y Reeriaght Ghoaldagh] ('''en''') * [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/index.htm Ynnyd-eggey oikoil Reiltys y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100528055441/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/united-kingdom.html Toshiagh y Steat as Olteynyn ny h-Airaghtyn] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20011119164232/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=5703 Staydraa Lioar Vleeaney Oikoil y Reeriaght Unnaneysit] ('''en''') * [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080909013512/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823 "Countries within a country"] ass [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey oikoil yn Ard-vinishter Goaldagh] ('''en''') ; Oayllys cadjin * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081010152137/http://dataranking.com/country.cgi?LG=e&CO=29 Oardaghey Fysserree Tarmaynagh as Sheshoil] ('''en''') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090406224510/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm Reeriaght Unnaneysit] veih ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ('''en''') ; Troailt * [http://www.visitbritain.com/ Stiurag Turryssagh Oikoil da'n Vretyn Vooar] ('''en''') {{-}} {{commons|Category:United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneyssit}} {{Yn Europey}} {{Co-rheynnyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} {{RCAH}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} [[Ronney:Yn Reeriaght Unnaneysit| ]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn ellanagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Cho-unnaneys ny h-Ashoonyn]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1801]] cnr4npecgaz7zyeeivgy0yieg9nx6sm Nerin 0 1597 393588 391626 2026-09-25T01:48:28Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ymmydcosoylagh|yn ellan 'syn Oarpey|y çheer neuchroghagh t'er enney fo'n ennym cheddin|Pobblaght Nerin}} [[Coadan:Ireland from space edit.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Jalloo feer-ghaait er Nerin, jeant ec [[NASA]] er 4 J. Geuree, lesh y [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]] da'n sheear as [[Mooir Vannin]] da'n shiar]] [[Coadan:IRL Europe location.png|250px|thumb|right|Soiaghey Nerin 'syn Oarpey]] Ta '''Nerin''' ({{lang-ga|Éire}}, {{lang-en|Ireland}}, [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Ullanish]]: ''Airlann'') yn [[Rolley ellanyn 'syn Oarpey rere eaghtyr|trass ellan smoo]] 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]] as ny [[Rolley ellanyn rere eaghtyr|feedoo ellan smoo]] 'sy [[Yn Chruinney|Chruinney]].<ref name='unep'>{{cite web|url=http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm|title=Islands by Area|date=1998-02-18|work=UN System-Wide Earthwatch|publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]]|accessdate=30-08-2008|language=Baarle|archivedate=2015-12-01|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20151201081219/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm}}</ref> T'ee ny soie ayns sheear hwoaie ny [[Yn Oarpey|h-Oarpey]] as t'ee cruinnit lesh keeadyn dy ellanyn as ellaneenyn. Ta'n [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]] soit da'n shiar as ish scarrit veih Nerin liorish [[Mooir Vannin]]. Ta [[Pobblaght Nerin]] coodaghey 5/6 dy eaghtyr yn ellan. Ta [[Nerin Hwoaie]], cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], coodaghey'n chooid elley, as t'ee ny soie ayns shiar hwoaie yn ellan. Ta'n ellan jeant seose jeh cruink as sleityn injil ta cruinnlaghey strah rea lheeadagh as ta awinyn yn-shiaulley sheeyney stiagh çheu sthie. Ta glasseraght rank 'syn ellan - troar jeh'n speyr faarkagh vog ayn. Va çheshvean yn ellan coodit liorish keylljyn gloo derrey ny 1600yn agh jiu t'ee ny h-ard smoo jee-cheyllit 'syn Oarpey.<ref>{{cite book |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |title=Book of Migrations: Some Passages in Ireland |publisher=Verso |year=1997 |location=Lunnin |pages=100 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M7PixoY16fkC&pg=PA100 |isbn=1-85984-186-4 }}</ref> Ta shey [[sheeintagh|sheeintee]] ghooghyssagh as feed ayns Nerin. Ta'n [[shynnagh ruy]], yn [[arkan sonney]], as y [[broc]] so-akin dy mennick, agh ta'n [[mwaagh slieau|mwaagh Yernagh]], y [[feeaih ruy]] as [[kayt ny miljyn|kiyt ny miljyn]] ry-gheddyn chammah. T'eh oolit dy vel 6.2 millioonyn dy 'leih ayns Nerin. Ta beggan ny sloo na 4.5 millioonyn dy 'leih cummal ayns Pobblaght Nerin as ta beggan ny sloo na 1.8 millioonyn dy 'leih cummal ayns Nerin Hwoaie.<ref name="2008population">V'eh er ooley 'sy vlein 2008 dy row 4,422,100 cummaltee ayns Pobblaght Nerin as 'sy vlein cheddin va 1,775,000 cummaltee ayns Nerin Hwoaie. 'Sy vlein 2009 v'eh oolit dy row 4,459,300 cummaltee ayns Pobblaght Nerin. Cha nel ooley 'sy vlein 2009 da Nerin Hwoaie er ny chur magh dys shoh. Ta ny h-oolaghyn shoh çheet as bingyn staydraaoil reiltyssagh oikoil veih'n daa heer: * {{cite web | url=http://www.cso.ie/releasespublications/documents/population/current/popmig.pdf | title=Population and Migration Estimates | publisher=Central Statistics Office | location=Divlyn | year=2009 }} * {{cite web | url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/population/midyear/mye_report_2008.pdf | title=Population and Migration Estimates Northern Ireland (2008) | author=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency | publisher=Department of Finance and Personnel | location=Beeal Feirshtey | year=2008 | accessdate=2010-01-11 | archivedate=2010-02-17 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217112629/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/population/midyear/mye_report_2008.pdf }}</ref> Ta ny h-earrooyn shen taishbyney bishaghey mooar ayns sleih-earroo yn ellan veih'n 4.2 millioonyn va cummal ayn ayns ny 1960yn, agh t'eh foddey ny sloo veih'n 8 millioonyn va cummal er yn ellan ayns ny 1840yn leah roish çheet [[Yn Gortey Mooar|y Ghortey Mooar]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/immig/irish2.html|title= Irish-Catholic Immigration to America|date= 2007-05-07|work= Immigration…|publisher= Library of Congress|accessdate=2010-01-01}}</ref> Ayns ny Mean Eashyn [[Ruegys Normanagh er Nerin|haink ny Normanee]] dys Nerin as fo-yerrey haink jerrey lesh y lhing Normanagh as toshiaght lesh y [[Aaghoaill Hiudaragh Nerin|chioneys Sostynagh ayns ny 1500yn]]. Ayns ny 1600yn, va corys dy [[Eaghtyrys Protestoonagh|chioneys Sostynagh Protestoonagh]] er ny chummey dys neuvondeish dy chur er y vooar chooid [[Catoleagh Raueagh|Chatoleagh Raueagh]] as Phrotestoonagh yiooldagh, as v'eh sheeynt car ny 1700yn. Ayns 1801, haink Nerin dy ve ny cooid jeh'n [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin|Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Rere [[Caggey Seyrsnys Nerin|caggey er son seyrsnys]] 'sy 20-oo eash leah haink y çheer dy ve [[Rheynn magh Nerin|rheynnit]] ayns daa ayrn - [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] as [[Nerin Hwoaie]]. Haink Steat Seyr Nerin dy ve ny smoo seyr harrish ny jeihaghtyn agh hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]]. Haghyr [[ny Trubbylyn|boirey theayagh ayns veih ny 1960yn jeianagh derrey ny 1990yn]]. Huitt y mooadys dy voiraghyn lurg [[Conaant Jeheiney Caaisht|conaant politickagh]] ayns 1998. Ayns 1973, hie'n daa ayrn jeh'n ellan stiagh 'sy [[Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh|Voodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]] ([[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] jiu). Haghyr [[Yn Teegyr Celtiagh|bishaghey tarmaynagh neusampleyrit]] ayns Pobblaght Nerin veih ny 1990yn meanagh derrey'n [[Geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin (2008-2010)|gheyre-ghaue argidoil Yernagh ayns 2008-2010]].<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Alan|last1=Barrett|first2=Ide|last2=Kearney|first3=Jean|last3=Goggin|editor1-first=Tim|editor1-last=Callan|title=Quarterly Economic Commentary|work=Research Bulletin|month=Spring|year=2009|publisher=Economic and Social Research Institute|location=Divlyn|url=http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20090429104918/QEC2009Spr_ES.pdf|access-date=2010-04-02|archive-date=2014-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623203211/http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20090429104918/QEC2009Spr_ES.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Shennaghys == {{Ardart|Shennaghys Nerin}} ::''Son shennaghys Nerin veih'n vlein 1921, jeeagh-shiu er [[Shennaghys Phobblaght Nerin]] as [[Shennaghys Nerin Hwoaie]].'' === Y roie-hennaghys as yn eash vean-eashagh === Va'n chooid smoo dy Nerin coodit lesh rio derrey jerrey ny [[eash rioee|h-eash rioee]] jerrinagh ny smoo na 9,000 bleeantyn er dy henney. Va yrjidyn marrey ny s'inshley ec y traa shen as va Nerin, myrane lesh y nabooys eck y Vretyn Vooar, kianglt rish [[yn Oarpey vooar-heeragh]] as cha row ad nyn ellanyn. Haink sleih [[mean chlaghagh]] car [[Eash ny Claghyn]] gys yn ellan mychione ny bleeaney 8,000 RC as haink yn eirinys ny yei lesh çheet [[yn Eash-Chloaie Noa]] mychione 4,500 derrey 4,000 RC tra va [[keyrrey|kirree]], [[goayr|goair]], [[ollagh]] as [[grine]]yn currit stiagh veih [[lieh-innys ny h-Ibeir]]. Ayns [[Achaidh Chéide]], ta corys rheaymyssagh dy vagheryn, y corys shinney 'sy dowan foddee, freilt fo coodagh dy voaney ayns [[Coontae Vay Eo]] noa-emshiragh,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritageireland.ie/en/West/CeideFields/ |title=Céide Fields |author=Heritage Ireland |publisher=Office of Public Works|accessdate=2008-10-23}}</ref> as ta'n corys shen çheet ass y lhing shen, ny beggan ny yei. Ta'n corys shen jeant seose jeh rheynnagyn beggey ta scarrit veih nyn geilley liorish [[boalley cloaie-çhirrym|boallaghyn cloaie-çhirrym]], as va ny magheryn lhiassit er feie shiartanse dy cheeadyn eddyr 3,500 as 3,000 RC. V'ad [[curnagh]] as [[oarn]] ny troaryn smoo scanshoil. Hoshee [[yn Eash Ooha]] – ta meenit liorish ymmyd meain – mychione ny bleeaney 2,500 RC tra va'n çhaghnoaylleeaght caghlaa seihill y phobble car y lhing shen liorish noaidyn lheid as y [[queeyl|wheel]], goaill greienys er [[dow|dew]], [[fidderaght|jannoo fidderaght er eggaghyn feeit]], gimbylagh [[alcoal]], as obbyr-veainey schleioil, cur magh greieyn caggee as greieyn noa, as jesheenaghey airh vraew as cliejeeneydys, lheid as [[jialg broghil|jialgyn broghil]] as [[torc]]yn. [[Coadan:Uragh Stone Circle.jpg|thumb|left|[[Liagchiorcal na h-Iúraigh]], [[liagh-chiarkyl]] [[noa-littagh]] ayns [[Coontae Cherree]]]] Ta'n [[Yn Eash Yiarn|Eash Yiarn]] ayns Nerin kianglt dy tradishoonagh rish sleih t'er enney myr ny ''[[Celtiee]]''. V'eh er credjal dy cadjin dy ren ny Celtiee coloinaghey Nerin ayns straih dy ruegyssyn eddyr y 8-oo as y 1-d cheead-bleeaney RC. V'eh raait, dy ren ny [[Gaeil]], y straih yerrinagh jeh ny Celtiee, rheynn magh yn ellan ayns queig ny ny smoo reeriaghtyn lurg y choloinaghey j'ee oc. Ansherbee, ta ard-schoillaryn jiu cur foayr ayns reartys ta cur trimmid da skeaylley dy chultoor veih ardjyn çheumooie jeh'n ellan as nagh haghyr coloinaghey cahnagh.<ref name="prospectmag">{{cite journal | last = Oppenheimer | first = Stephen | title = Myths of British Ancestry | journal = Prospect Magazine | issue = 127 | date = 2006-10-21 | url = http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2006/10/mythsofbritishancestry/ | accessdate = 2008-11-07 | issn = 1359-5024 | archive-date = 2011-10-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111015212548/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2006/10/mythsofbritishancestry/ | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mascheretti | first1 = Silvia | last2 = Rogatcheva | first2= Margarita | last3 = Gündüz | first3 = Islam | last4 = Fredga |first4= Karl | last5= Searle | first5= Jeremy | title = How Did Pygmy Shrews Colonize Ireland? Clues from a Phylogenetic Analysis of Mitochondrial Cytochrome B Sequences | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society | volume = 270 | issue = 1524 | publisher = Royal Society | location = | date = 2003-08-07 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691416/ | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2003.2406 | accessdate = 2008-11-07 | page = 1593 }}</ref> Ta feddynyn magh lheid as [[Fear Chluain Uí Chaomháin]] taishbynit myr feanish jeh'n reayrtys shen. Ta ny recortyssyn screeuee s'leah er Nerin çheet ass çheer-oaylleeyn classicagh [[Yn seihll Greagagh-Raueagh|Greagagh-Raueagh]]. Ta [[Ptolemy]] ayns yn ''[[Almagest]]'' echey çheet er Nerin myr ''Mikra Brettania'' (''Y Vretyn Veg''), ayns cosoylaght rish yn ellan smoo, va enmyssit ''Megale Brettania'' echey (''Y Vretyn Vooar'').<ref>{{Cite book |last=Freeman |first=Philip |title=Ireland and the classical world |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2001 |location=Austin, Texas |pages=65 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ZSHhfOM-5AEC&pg=PA65 |isbn=0-292-72518-3 }}</ref> Ayns yn obbyr ny s'anmey echey, ''[[Geographia (Ptolemy)|Geographia]]'', ta Ptolemy çheet er Nerin myr ''[[Hibernia|Iwernia]]'' as er y Vretyn Vooar myr ''Albion''. Va ny h-enmyn "noa" shen goit ass enmyn dooghyssagh er ny h-ellanyn ec y tra shen. Va ny shenn-enmyn, ayns neu-chosoylaght, crooit roish cur fys dy jeeragh rish sleih ynnydagh.<ref>{{cite book|first=Philip|last=Freeman|title=Ireland and the Classical World|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin|year=2001}}</ref> Ren ny [[Yn Çhenn Raue|Rauee]] ny s'anmey çheet er Nerin lesh yn ennym shen chammah agh ayns y chummey [[Ladjynaghey]], ''[[Hibernia]]'',<ref>{{cite web | title = Hibernia | work = Roman Empire | publisher = United Nations of Roma Victrix | url = http://www.unrv.com/provinces/hibernia.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archive-date = 2010-03-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100326085530/http://www.unrv.com/provinces/hibernia.php | url-status = dead }}</ref> ny [[Scotia]].<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Hart |first=John |title=Irish Pedigrees: or, The Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation |publisher=J. Duffy and Co. |year=1892 |location=Divlyn |page=725}}</ref> Ta Ptolemy recortyssey shey cleinyn jeig va cummal ayns dagh ayrn dy Nerin 'sy vlein 100 BNJ.<ref>{{cite journal| first1=R | last1=Darcy | first2= William|last2= Flynn| title = Ptolemy's Map of Ireland: a Modern Decoding|journal=Irish Geography|volume=14|issue=1|date=Mart 2008|pages=49&emdash;69|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a791562641&fulltext=713240928 Informaworld.com|accessdate=2010-01-01}}</ref> Cha nel eh baghtal cre'n torçh dy chiangley v'ayn eddyr yn Impiraght Raueagh as ny cleinyn ayns Nerin henndeeagh. Ta screeuyn moyllee er çheu mooie er mayrn çheet ass screeuyn Raueagh, er wheesh dy vel coontyssyn dooghyssagh çheet ass [[feeleeaght Yernagh|feeleeaght]] as feayn-skeealleydaght Yernagh. Agh, ta mooarane dy chooinaghyn Raueagh er ny gheddyn ayns Nerin, myr sampleyr ayns [[Sí an Bhrú]].<ref>Carson, R.A.G. and O'Kelly, Claire: ''A catalogue of the Roman coins from Newgrange, Co. Meath and notes on the coins and related finds'', pages 35-55. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 77, section C</ref> Va Nerin ny mestey jeh cleinyn trughanagh agh, goaill toshiaghey 'sy 7-oo cheead-bleeaney BNJ, va sheiltynys dy reeoilaght ashoonagh oltit dy keimagh trooid yn eie jeh [[Ard Ree Nerin]]. Ta lettyraght Yernagh vean-eashagh soilshaghey straih begnagh gyn baarney jeh Ard Reeaghyn ta sheeyney sheear harrish millaghyn dy vleeantyn, agh ta screeuderyn shennaghys noa-emshiragh credjal dy row yn sleim shen cummit 'sy 8-oo cheead-bleeaney dy chur trimmid er staydys ny possanyn politickagh troshtagh as ad croghey bun y reill oc jeeragh stiagh ayns ny traaghyn shenndeeagh.<ref name="DOC">[[Dáibhí Ó Cróinín]], "Ireland, 400–800", ayns Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (ed.), ''A New History of Ireland 1: Prehistoric and Early Ireland'', Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 182–234.</ref> V'eh raait dy ren yn Ard Ree reirey ny reeriaghtyn queiggagh va jannoo seose Nerin. Va ree er lheh ec dagh fer jeh ny reeriaghtyn shen agh v'ad fo-viallys da'n Ard Ree ayns ennym er y chooid sloo. Haink yn Ard Ree magh ass ny reeaghyn queiggagh as ren eh reirey [[reeriaght ny Mee]], lesh preeu-valley jesh-chliaghtagh ayns [[Teamhair]]. Cha daink er yn eie dy ve ny feerid agh ayns [[Eash ny Loghlynee#Nerin|Eash ny Loghlynee]] agh cha row ee ny h-eie chohassooagh erbee.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jaski |first=Bart |year=2005 |title=Kings and kingship |editor=Seán Duffy |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia |location=Abingdon and New York |pages=251–254|ref=}}, p.253</ref> Agh va reill ynrican dy leigh ayns Nerin: y corys briwnagh screeuee va enmyssit [[ny Leighyn Briwnagh]], as va reirit ec lught keirdey dy leigh-oaylleeyn va enmyssit ''briwnyn''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ginnell |first=Laurence |authorlink=Laurence Ginnell |title=The Brehon laws: a legal handbook |publisher=T Fisher Unwin |year=1894 |location= |pages=81 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t6wuAAAAIAAJ&vq=%22The%20Brehons%22&pg=PA81 }}</ref> Ta ''[[Recortys Nerin]]'' recortyssey da daink yn Aspick [[Palladius]] gys Nerin er mishoon sushtal 'sy vlein 431 BNJ veih [[Paab Celestine II]] dys ny Yernee dy hushtallaghey, agh tra haink eh gys Nerin va'n pobble "credjal ayns fockle Chreest" hannah<ref>{{CathEncy |wstitle=St. Palladius |title=St. Palladius |author=Patrick Francis Moran |accessdate=2010-03-27 }}</ref> Ta'n recortys hene recortyssey dy daink [[Noo Perick]], yn ard-noo Yernagh share er enney, 'sy vlein lurg shen. Ta resoonaght foast ayn er mishoonyn Phalladius as Pherick, agh ta co-choardailys ayn er taghyrt y daa vishoonyn<ref>{{cite book | last = De Paor | first = Liam | title = Saint Patrick's World: The Christian Culture of Ireland's Apostolic Age | publisher = Four Courts, Dublin | year = 1993 | location = Divlyn | page = 78, 79 | url = | isbn = 1-85182-144-9 }}</ref> as ta shickyrys ayn er tuittym y hradishoon druaiaghtagh shinney noi'n chredjue noa.<ref name="cah">{{cite book |last=Cahill|first=Tim| title= How the Irish Saved Civilization |year=1996|publisher= Anchor Books |isbn= 0385418493}}</ref> Va ny schoillaryn Creestee Yernagh nyn sur-schoillaryn ayns [[Ladjyn]] as Greagish as ayns jeeghtys Creestee. 'Sy chultoor maynaghoil lurg goaill Creestee Nerin, va studeyrys er y Ladjyn as y Ghreagish freilt ayns Nerin car [[Ny Mean Eashyn|ny Mean Eashyn Leah]] ayns neu-chosoylaght rish buill elley 'syn Oarpey, raad haghyr [[ny h-Eashyn Dorraghey]] lurg [[tuittym yn Impiraght Raueagh]].<ref name="cah"/><ref name="Eer">{{cite book |editor=Dowley, Tim, et al.| title=Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity |year=1977|publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. |location= Grand Rapids, Michigan|language= |isbn= 0-8028-3450-7}}</ref> Haghyr blaaghey ayns ny h-ellynyn, lheid as daahghey laue-screeuyn, obbyr-veainey as jallooderys as va tashtee lheid as ''[[Leabhar Cheanannais]]'' troarit, myrane lesh cliejeeneydys ornaidagh as shiartanse dy croshyn cloaie grainnit<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stokes |first=Margaret |authorlink=Margaret Stokes |title=Early Christian art in Ireland |publisher=Chapman and Hall |year=1888 |location=London |pages=9, 87, 117 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=25gTAAAAQAAJ |isbn= }}</ref> ta foast ry-akin er feie'n ellan jiu. Veih'n 9-oo eash, ren straihyn dy ruegyssyn [[Ny Loghlynee|Loghlynagh]] craghey mannishteryn as baljyn Yernagh.<ref>{{citation |last=Ó Corráin |first=Donnchadh |authorlink=Donnchadh Ó Corráin |title=Vikings & Ireland |url=http://www.ucc.ie/celt/General%20Vikings%20in%20Ireland.pdf |accessdate=2010-03-19 }}</ref> Chur ny ruegyssyn shen lesh taghyrt cadjin dy chraghey as caggey va ry-gheddyn dy dowin ayns Nerin hannah. === Ruegyssyn Normanagh as Sostynagh === {{Ardart|Ruegys Normanagh Nerin|Aaghoaill Hiudaragh Nerin}} [[Coadan:Trim Castle 6.jpg|thumb|right|Tholtanee [[Caisleáin Bhaile Átha Troim]] veih'n 11-d cheead-bleeaney ayns [[Coontae ny Mee]], y [[Ard-obbrinys Normanagh|cashtal Normanagh]] smoo ayns Nerin.]] Er 1 Boaldyn, 1169, haink turrys-contoyrtys dy reejereeyn [[Bretyn|Bretnagh]]-[[Normanee|Normanagh]] er y çheer ec [[Banú|Cuan an Bhainbh]] ayns [[Coontae Logh Garman]] lesh sheshaght chaggee va jeant seose jeh mygeayrt shey keead dy hidooryn. Va'n turrys stiurit liorish [[Richard de Clare, 2-h Eearley Pembroke|Richard de Clare]], as eh enmyssit ''Strongbow'' ("bow troshtagh") rere y lajerid echey myr sideyr.<ref>{{cite web | last = Chrisafis | first = Angelique | title = Scion of traitors and warlords: why Bush is coy about his Irish links | work = World News | publisher = The Guardian | date = 2005-01-25 | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/jan/27/usa.angeliquechrisafis | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Va'n ruegys shen, va taghyrt ec tra cheddin jeh bishaghey Normanagh noa, jeant ec cuirrey [[Diarmait Mac Murchada]], ree Lion. 'Sy vlein 1166, hie Mac Murchada gys Anjou, y Rank lurg caggey lesh [[Tighearnán Ua Ruairc]], veih [[Breifne]], as ren eh shirrey er cooney veih'n [[Impiraght Angevin|ree Angevin]], [[Inry II Hostyn|Inry II]], as eh geearree e reeriaght dy aaghoaill. 'Sy vlein 1171, haink Inry gys Nerin dy yannoo aavriwnys er immeeaght chadjin y hurrys-contoyrtys. V'eh geearree kioneys reeoil dy aachur er y ruegys as eh bishaghey magh veih'n smaght echey. Ren Inry chur kioneys er Strongbow as ny çhiarnyn-caggee Bretnagh-Normanagh reesht, as ren eh cleayney er ny reeaghyn [[Nerin Ghaelgagh|Yernagh]] eh dy ghoaill rish myr ard-hiarn, red va shickyrit ayns [[Conaant Windsor 1175|Conaant Windsor]] 'sy vlein 1175. Va'n ruegys lowit liorish kiarailyn y [[Bulley Paabagh|Vulley Paabagh]] ''[[Laudabiliter]]'', va soilshit magh liorish [[Paab Adrian IV|Adrian IV]] 'sy vlein 1155. Ren y bulley cur creeaght er Inry dy ghoaill greim er Nerin son aa-reaghey argidoil as reiragh [[Yn Agglish Cheltiagh|yn Agglish Yernagh]] as e mestey stiagh 'sy chorys Agglishagh Raueagh dy oaseiraghey. Va aastrughtoorey er ny toshiaghey hannah ec keim agglishagh lurg [[Ard-choyrle Cheanannais]] 'sy vlein 1152. Ta arganys ayn mychione y vulley, agh ta'n varrantoilid echey goit dy mie jiu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ó Clabaigh|first=Colmán N. |year=2005 |title=Papacy |editor=Seán Duffy |encyclopedia=Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia |location=Abingdon as York Noa |pages=361–362}}, p.361</ref> Hug eh çhiarnys er Nerin gys Inry ayns ennym y phaabaght.<ref name="Curtis 2002 49">{{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Edmund|title=A History of Ireland from Earliest Times to 1922 |publisher=Routledge|location=York Noa|year=2002|page=49|isbn=0 415 27949 6}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 1172, ren y paab noa, [[Paab Alistair III|Alistair III]], cur creeaght er Inry son yn Agglish Yernagh dy ghoaill stiagh ny smoo lesh yn Agglish Raueagh. V'eh lhiggit da Inry jaghee dy phing 'sy çhiollagh myr contoyrtys bleeanagh dy chur er y phobble. Ta'n jaghee shen, va enmyssit [[pingyn Pheddyr]], foast ry-akin ayns Nerin myr toyrtys arryltagh. Reir garraghyn, ghow Inry lesh yn enmys [[Çhiarn Nerin]] ren Inry bronney er e vac aeg, [[John Lackland]], 'sy vlein 1185. Ren eh cur sheese y steat Yernagh myr [[Çhiarnaght Nerin]]. Tra hooar eiyrtyssagh Inry baasedy doaltattym ayns 1199, ren John eiraghey crooin Hostyn as dreill eh Çhiarnaght Nerin. Harrish y cheead-bleeaney lurg shen, ren leigh Normanagh cur stiagh ayns ynnyd y Leigh Briwnagh as ec jerrey y trass eash jeig yeianagh va corys feudagh Normanagh currit er bun er feie'n chooid smoo dy Nerin liorish ny [[Normanee Yernagh]]. Va buill chummaltit cowrit liorish bunneeaght ny barranaghtyn, ny mannoryn, ny baljyn as toshiaght y chorys coontae noa-emshiragh. Va lhieggan jeh'n [[Yn Çhiart Vooar|Çhiart Vooar]] ([[Çhiart Vooar Nerin]]), soilshit magh 'sy vlein 1216, as eh cur ''Divlyn'' ayns ynnyd ''Lunnin'' as ''yn Agglish Yernagh'' ayns ynnyd ''Agglish Hostyn'', as va [[Parlamaid Nerin]] bunnit 'sy vlein 1297. Ansherbee, veih mean y 14-oo eash, lurg [[Yn Gorley Doo|y Ghorley Doo]], hie buill chummaltit Normanagh ayns Nerin stiagh ayns lhing voalaghey. Ren reileyderyn Normanagh as sleih mullee Yernagh dooghyssagh eddyr-phoosey as haink ny h-ardjyn fo smaght ny Normanee dy ve jeant Gaelgagh. Ayns ayrnyn ennagh, dirree cultoor Yernagh-Normanagh mestit ayn. Myr freggyrt da shen, va [[Slattyssyn Cheeill Chennee]] currit er bun ayns 1367 liorish [[Parlamaid Nerin|y Pharlamaid Yernagh]]. Va ne leighyn shen nyn bossan dy leighyn va cummit dy chur lhiettal er lheie ny Normanee stiagh ayns sheshaght Nerin as ren ad cur feme er y theay Sostynagh ayns Nerin y Vaarle dy loayrt, cliaghtaghyn Sostynagh dy ghoaill rish, as gow rish y leigh Hostynagh.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20080418095229/http://www.nde.state.ne.us/SS/irish/unit_1.html Laws that Isolated and Impoverished the Irish]". Nebraska Department of Education.</ref> Ansherbee, ec jerrey y 15-oo eash va'n kioneys Sostynagh meanagh begnagh immeeit as va cultoor as çhengey Yernagh aanoa, lesh cleanaghyn Normanagh, ayns yn ard-voayl reesht. Agh hannee stiurey fo Crooin Hostyn gyn brishey gyn crampys ayns ard mygeayrt Divlyn as yn ard shen enmyssit [[Yn Phaal|y Phaal]] as fo conaantyn [[Leigh Poyning]] veih'n vlein 1494, va slattys jeh'n Pharlamaid Yernagh fo-viallys da lowal rish [[Parlamaid Hostyn]]. Va reill Sostynagh aaniartit as bishit 'sy 16-oo eash, ansherbee, as ren eh shen leeideil gys [[aaghoaill Hiudaragh Nerin]]. Va ruegys begnagh slane cooilleenit roish toshiaght y 17-oo eash lurg [[Caggey ny Nuy Bleeaney (Nerin)|Caggey ny Nuy Bleeaney]] as [[Immeeaght ny h-Eearlaghyn]]. Va'n gurneil shen niartit car ny caggaghyn (lheid as [[Caggaghyn ny Tree Reeriaghtyn]] as y [[Caggey Illiamagh ayns Nerin|Caggey Illiamagh]]) as y choloinaghey Sostynagh as Albinagh ([[Plandailyn Nerin]]) 'sy 17-oo eash. T'eh er credjal dy hooar 20,000 sidooryn Yernagh baase car Caggey ny Tree Reeriaghtyn, as t'eh oolit dy hooar 200,000 shivoilee baase myr eiyrtys er cochiangle jeh gonney, scughey, gastid cheylley as paitt car y chaggey. Va 16,000 shivoilee elley prowit as shiaullit myr sleabyn gys [[ny h-Injyn Sheear]]. Ta screeuderyn shennaghys ennagh gooley dy hooar seose gys lieh-chooid dy sleih-earroo Nerin baase myr eiyrtys jeh'n chaggey.<ref>{{cite web | title = The curse of Cromwell | work = A Short History of Ireland | publisher = BBC Northern Ireland | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archive-date = 2010-05-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100525104500/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/ashorthistory/archive/intro99.shtml | url-status = dead }}</ref> Ren kestalyn crauee jeh'n 17-oo eash cur rheynn scarreydagh ayns Nerin. Ren ammys crauee feddyn magh y tastid 'sy leigh er y leighaltys da'n Ree as da'n Pharlamaid Yernagh. Lurg goaill rish y Test Act 1673 as lesh barriaght ny forseyn jeh'n reeriaght ghooblit jeh [[Illiam III Hostyn|Illiam]] as [[Moirrey II Hostyn|Moirrey]] harrish ny [[Jamyssaght|Jamyssee]], va lhiettrimys currit er Catolee Raueagh as er Protestoonee Neuchoardailagh anchochredjuagh rish soie myr olteynyn ayns [[Parlamaid Nerin]]. Fo ny [[Leighyn Kerree (Nerin)|leighyn kerree]], va cairyn deiney ny smoo as ny smoo goit ass ny Catolee Raueagh as ny Protestoonee Neuchoardailagh goaill stiagh cairyn da eirys. Va tooilley slattyssyn kerree cooyllagh currit rish ayns ny bleeantyn 1703, 1709 as 1728. Ren eh creaghney corys slane dy chur neuvondeish er Catolee Raueagh as Neuchoardailee Phrotestoonagh, as lhig ny slattyssyn shen lhiasaghey sleih mullee jeh Coardailee Anglicaanagh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Laws in Ireland for the Suppression of Popery |publisher=University of Minnesota Law School |url=http://library.law.umn.edu/irishlaw/offices.html |accessdate=2009-01-23 }}</ref> Va'n lught reill Anglo-Yernagh shen enmyssit [[Eaghtyrys Protestoonagh]]. === Yn unnaneys rish y Vretyn Vooar === [[Coadan:Half-hanging on travelling gallows.gif|thumb|upright|[[Lieh-chroghey]] deyrit da [[Yernee Unnaneysit]] fo ouyrys]] Ren emshir neuchadjin, myrane lesh çheet [[lheeah (fungys)|lheeah]] praase veih America Hwoaie, cur failleil ny praaseyn er bun. Myr eiyrtys jeh shen, haghyr [[Gonney Nerin (1740-1741)|gonney 'sy vlein 1740]]. T'eh er ooley dy hooar mychione 250,000<ref name="cormac_famine">{{cite book|first=Cormac|last=Ó Gráda|title=The Great Irish Famine|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge |year=1989|page=12|isbn=0 521 55266 4}}</ref> baase (mychione un 'er ayns dagh hoght fer jeh'n phobble) rere y phaitt as yn asslaynt ny lurg. Ren y reiltys Yernagh cur lhiettrimys er assphurtal arroo as va'n çheshaght chaggee freilt ayns nyn marrickyn oc, agh cha ren ad ny smoo na shen.<ref name="cormac_famine"/><ref name="crawford_feast">{{cite|first1=Leslie|last1=Clarkson|first2=Margaret|last2=Crawford|Feast and Famine: Food and Nutrition in Ireland, 1500-1920|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=2001|page=274|isbn=0 19 822751 5}}</ref> Ren sleih ooasle as reagheydyssyn jeirk kiarail couyr agh cha row ad jaral cur streeaney er y vaasoilid ny lurg.<ref name="cormac_famine"/><ref name="crawford_feast"/> 'Syn eiyrtys lurg y ghonney, ren bishaghey ayns troarey çhynskylagh as freayney ayns traght cur rish troggalys 'syn ellan. Haghyr mooadaghey mooar ayns earroo yn phobble 'sy lieh jerrinagh jeh'n eash shoh as va [[ard-obbrinys Shorshagh|leggad ard-obbrinagh Horshagh]] Nerin troggit. 'Sy vlein 1782, va [[Leigh Poynings]] mooghit as hug eh shen da Nerin far-heyrsnys slattysagh veih'n Vretyn Vooar da'n chied cheayrt veih tra'n ruegys Normanagh. Ansherbee, va'n kiart freilt ec y reiltys Goaldagh reiltys Nerin dy enmys harrish co-choardail y pharlamaid Yernagh. 'Sy vlein 1798, haink olteynyn jeh'n tradishoon Protestoonagh Neuchoardailagh ([[Presbyteraght|Presbyteyree]] son y chooid smoo) ry-cheiley lesh ny Catolee Raueagh ayns irree magh pobblaghtagh va cur ardsmooinaght da as stiurit ec [[Sheshaght ny Yernee Unnaneysit]] as v'eh yn dean oc steat seyr dy chur er bun ayns Nerin. Dyn y wooise da'n chooney veih'n Rank, va'n [[Irree Magh ny Bleeaney 1798 (Nerin)|irree magh]] currit fo chosh liorish ny reiltyssyn Goaldagh as Yernagh as liorish forseyn kern. 'Sy vlein 1800, hie [[Slattys yn Unnaneys 1800|Slattys Unnaneys]] trooid ny parlamaidyn Goaldagh as Yernagh, as haink eh stiagh ayns bree er 1 Jerrey Geuree 1801. Ren eh unnaneysey [[Reeriaght Nerin]] as [[Reeriaght ny Bretyn Mooar]] stiagh ayns reeriaght hingil va enmyssit [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin]]. Va shiaulley yn Slattys 'sy Pharlamaid Yernagh jeant liorish y vooar-chooid, agh cha hie eh trooid y Pharlamaid 'sy chied cheayrt ayns 1799. Rere docamadyn jeh'n traa as scrutaghey shendeeagh, hie eh trooid y Pharlamaid lesh cooney sollaghey laueys, lesh cooney argid va kiarit liorish Oik y Çhirveish Folliaghtagh Ghoaldagh, as liorish bronney ooashlidyn, buill as onnoryn son voteyn dy hickyraghey.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Alan J. |title=The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland, 1782-1992 |publisher=Catholic University of America Press |year=1994 |location=Washington, DC |page=28 |isbn=0-81320-784-3 }}</ref> Lesh shen, haink Nerin dy ve ny cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit heeynt, va reirit dy jeeragh veih'n [[Parlamaid y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|pharlamaid 'sy Vannishter Heear]] ayns [[Lunnin]]. Va shirveishaght [[lhiass-ree]]oil currit er bun myrane lesh yn Ard-Scrudeyr ec [[Cashtal Ghivlyn]]. [[Coadan:Emigrants Leave Ireland by Henry Doyle 1868.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''Emigrants Leave Ireland'' ("Arragheryn Magh Faagail Nerin"), grainney liorish Henry Doyle ta soilshaghey magh yn arraghey magh gys America lurg [[Yn Gortey Mooar (Nerin)|y Ghortey Mooar]] ayns Nerin]] Hooar mychione un villioon Yernee baase 'sy [[Yn Gortey Mooar (Nerin)|Ghortey Mooar]] car ny 1840yn as daag ny smoo na un villioon deiney elley.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Irish Potato Famine | publisher = Digital History | date = 2008-11-07 | url = http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/irish_potato_famine.cfm | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2012-08-23 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120823030816/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/historyonline/irish_potato_famine.cfm }}</ref> Rish jerrey ny jeihaght, va lieh-chooid jeh [[sthie-arraghey gys ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] çheet ass Nerin. Haink yn arraghey magh dy ve ny chooid ghowin jeh'n aigney as ren y sleih-earroo tuittym gys mean y 20-oo eash. Jeeragh roish y ghortey, va'n coontey-pobble recortyssey 8.2 millioon dy 'leih 'syn ellan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/1841-a-window-on-victorian-britain-475516.html |title=1841: A window on Victorian Britain - This Britain |publisher=[[The Independent]] |date=2006-04-25 |accessdate=2009-04-16 |last=Vallely |first=Paul |archivedate=2015-06-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617075008/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/1841-a-window-on-victorian-britain-475516.html }}</ref> Agh cha nel earroo yn phobble er roshtyn gys ny h-earrooyn shen veih'n traa shen.<ref>{{cite news | last = Quinn| first = Eamon | title = Ireland Learns to Adapt to a Population Growth Spurt | work = Europe | publisher = New York Times | date = 2007-08-19 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/world/europe/19ireland.html?ex=1345176000&en=ab2b49203b6fb511&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Huitt earroo yn phobble gys ny 1961 as ayns 2006 ren y coontae jerrinagh ([[Coontae Lheeahtrim]]) y chied irree ayns sleih-earroo veih'n vlein 1841. Dirree eie yn [[ashoonaghys Yernagh]], mastey Catolee Raueagh son y chooid smoo, car y 19-oo as y 20-oo eash. Va [[Daniel O'Connell]] ny ghooinney ard-cheimnagh mastey ny fir jeh'n eie shen. V'eh reiht myr oltey yn pharlamaid son [[Innys (co-heiyderys y Pharlamaid Goaldagh)|Innys]] ayns eiyrtys yindyssagh ga nagh vel eh jargal e hoiag y ghoaill er oyr dy row eh ny [[The Test Act|Chatoleagh Raueagh]]. Ren O'Connell stiurey troddan breeoil va goit ec Ard-Vinishter [[Arthur Wellesley, 1-d Duic Wellington|Duic Wellington]], va ny hidoor as ny steateyr va ruggit ayns Nerin. Ren eh stiurey yn Slattys trooid pharlamaid ny Mannishter Heear, lesh cooney veih'n ard-vinishter ry heet [[Robert Peel]], as ren Wellington geddyn barriaght er [[Shorys IV y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Shorys IV]] y billey dy fo-screeu as dy fockley magh myr leigh. Ren [[Shorys III y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|ayr Horys]] goll noi plan yn eear-Ard-Vinishter, [[William Pitt the Younger|Pitt the Younger]], e lheid billey dy chur stiagh 'sy pharlamaid lurg yn Unnaneys 'sy vlein 1801 er yn oyr dy row eh credjal dy row eh ayns contraartys rish [[Slattys Coloinaghey 1701]]. Cha row y troddan eiyrtyssagh son mooghey yn Slattys Unnaneysey ec O'Connell raahoil. Ny s'anmey 'sy cheead-blein, ren [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] as fir elley troggal troddan er son hene-reiltys çheu-sthie 'syn Unnaneys, ny "[[Billaghyn Reill Thie Nerin|Reill Thie]]". Va ny h-Unnaneyseyryn, goaill stiagh ad 'sy chooid hwoaie jeh'n ellan er lheh, noi eie yn Reill Thie, er yn oyr dy row ad credjal dy beagh y sorçh reill shen fo kioneys anaaseyn Catoleagh.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kee | first = Robert | title = The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicholson | year = 1972 | location = Lunnin | pages = 376–400 | url = | isbn = 029717987X }}</ref> Lurg shiartanse dy eabyn billey Reill Thie dy hiaulley trooid y pharlamaid, v'eh begnagh kinjagh dy beagh fer goll trooid y pharlamaid 'sy vlein 1914. Son lhiettrimys dy chur er shen, va [[Arryltee Ulley]] currit er bun 'sy vlein 1913 fo stiurey [[Edward Carson|Çhiarn Carson]]. Va [[Arryltee Nerin]] currit er bun myr eiyrtys er shen 'sy vlein 1914, as y dean oc son y [[Trass Slattys Reill Thie|Billey Reill Thie]] dy hickyraghey as eh goll trooid y pharlamaid. Hie'n Slattys trooid y pharlamaid lesh shaghney "shallidagh" er ny shey coondaeghyn ayns Queiggey Ulley. Ansherbee, roish lowal y Slattys v'eh currit tayrnit magh car y [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|Chaggey Mooar]]. Va Arryltee Yernagh rheynnit ayns daa phossan. Ghow y vooar-chooid, mychione 175,000 dy 'leih, fo [[John Redmond]], yn ennym [[Arryltee Ashoonagh]] as chur ad cooney da cassey Nerin 'sy chaggey. Dreill y vyn-chooid, mychione 13,000 dy 'leih, yn ennym, Arryltee Nerin, as v'ad goll noi cassey Nerin 'sy chaggey.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kee | first = Robert | title = The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicholson | year = 1972 | location = London | pages = 478–530| isbn = 029717987X }}</ref> Va [[Irree Magh y Chaisht|Irree Magh anraahoil y Chaisht]] 'sy vlein 1916 stiurit liorish y possan shen jerrinagh, as ren y freggyrt Goaldagh, cur gys baase jeh ny fir hoshee, caghlaa yn teaym ashoonagh gys Reill Thie. Hooar y partee currit rish seyrsnys, [[Sinn Féin]], screeuyn-drommey mooarey ayns Ard-Reihys ny bleeaney 1918 as 'sy vlein 1919 va parlamaid as reiltys lhieu hene fogrit magh – [[Pobblaght Nerin (1919-1922)|Pobblaght Nerin]]. Ren ny h-eaghtyryssyn Goaldagh eab y doolane shen dy chur fo chosh, agh haghyr caggey keylley myr eiyrtys veih'n vlein 1919 derrey Jerrey Souree ny bleeaney 1921, as y caggey shen creaghney ayns scuirr caggee.<ref name="autogenerated34">{{cite journal|last=Morough|first=Michael|title=History Review |month=Mee ny Nollick|year=2000 |pages=34–36}}</ref> Va'n [[Conaant Anglo-Yernagh]] creaghnit eddyr y Reiltys Goaldagh as çhaghteryn jeh'n [[Yn Chied Dáil|Chied Dáil]] (Çhionnal Nerin) 'sy vlein 1921. Hug y conaant slane seyrsnys da Nerin ayns cooishyn thie as begnagh slane seyrsnys ayns polasee joarree. Ansherbee, lhisagh da dagh çhaghter Yernagh jean loo ammys da'n Chrooin Ghoaldagh. As va steat reill thie jeant jeh [[Nerin Hwoaie]] çheu sthie jeh [[Steat Seyr Nerin]] noa, agh va olt reih magh eck, olt va jeant jeeragh ny lurg.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kee | first = Robert | title = The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism | publisher = Weidenfeld and Nicholson | year = 1972 | location = Lunnin | pages = 719–748 |isbn = 029717987X }}</ref> Ren arganeyssyn mychione ny kiarailyn rheynn 'sy ghleashaght ashoonagh as haghyr [[Caggey Theayagh Nerin|caggey theayagh]] eddyr y reiltys noa 'sy Steat Seyr as adsyn va goll noi'n chonaant, as ad stiurit liorish [[Éamon de Valera]]. Haink jerrey oikoil lesh y chaggey theayagh ayns Mee Voaldyn 1923 tra ren de Valera fogrey magh oardagh er scuirr-chaggee.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gwynn|first=Stephen|title=Ireland Since the Treaty|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_foreign-affairs_1934-01_12_2/page/322|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=12|number=2|month=Jerrey Geuree|year=1934|page=322}}</ref> == Reiltys == {{Jeeagh|Shennaghys Nerin|Politickaght Phobblaght Nerin|Deyn-oaylleeaght as politickaght Nerin Hwoaie}} {{Caslys-çheerey jalloo Choondaeghyn Nerin|thumb=yes|position=right|upright=1.5|caption=Caslys-çheerey jeh'n 32 choontae tradishoonagh Nerin. Ta ny 26 coondaeghyn ayns Pobblaght Nerin taishbynit ayns eayney dorraghey, as ta ny 6 coondaeghyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie taishbynit ayns eayney gial. {{hide in print|1=Ta dagh fer jeh ny coondaeghyn nyn giangley yn-chriggaragh dys yn art fo'n ennym cheddin.}}}} Ta Nerin rheynnit ayns daa unnidyn politickagh: * [[Pobblaght Nerin]], shickyrit er 21 Jerrey Geuree 1919 as currit er bun dy h-oikoil er 6 Nollick 1922, (''Ireland'' ny ''Éire'' ("Nerin") [[Enmyn steat Nerin|dy h-oikoil]]), steat seyr ta coodaghey 5/6 dy eaghtyr yn ellan. She [[Divlyn]] e [[preeu-valley]]. * [[Nerin Hwoaie]], currit er bun er 3 Boaldyn 1921, cooid jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit ta coodaghey 1/6 dy eaghtyr yn ellan. She [[Beeal Feirshtey]] e preeu-valley. Dy tradishoonagh, ta Nerin rheynnit stiagh ayns [[Queiggaghyn Nerin|kiare queiggaghyn]]: [[Queiggey Connaghtey]] (sheear), [[Queiggey Lion]] (shiar), [[Queiggey Mooan]] (jiass), as [[Queiggey Ulley]] (twoaie). Rere corys v'er ny lhiassaghey eddyr y 13-oo as y 17-oo eashyn,<ref>{{cite book | last =Crawford | first =John | title =Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule 1556-1578 | publisher =Irish Academic Press | year =1993|isbn=0716524988 }}</ref> ta [[Coondaeghyn Nerin|daa choontae tradishoonagh jeig as feed]] ayns Nerin. Ta shey coondaeghyn as feed jeu nyn soie ayns Pobblaght Nerin as ta [[Coondaeghyn Nerin Hwoaie|shey coondaeghyn]] nyn soie ayns Nerin Hwoaie. Ta dagh fer jeh ny shey coondaghyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie soit ayns Queiggey Ulley myrgeddin (as nuy coondaeghyn 'sy wheiggey 'sy clane). Lesh shen, ta'n ennym ''Ullee'' currit dy mennick er Nerin Hwoaie myr co-cheayllagh, ga nagh vel y daa enmys co-chagliagh. Ayns Pobblaght Nerin, ta ny coondaeghyn jannoo bunneydys da corys gurneilys ynnydagh. Ta ny coondaeghyn [[Coontae Ghivlyn|Divlyn]], [[Coontae Chorkee|Corkee]], [[Coontae Limmeragh|Limmeragh]], [[Coontae ny Galliu|Galliu]], [[Coontae Phurt Largey|Purt Largey]], as [[Coontae Hybbyrt Aarey|Çhybbyrt Aarey]] er nyn rheynn magh ayns unnidyn reiragh ny sloo. Agh, t'ad coontit myr coondaeghyn er son cooishyn cultooragh as cooishyn reiragh ennagh, lheid as shirveishyn postagh as [[Ordnance Survey Ireland]], ansherbee. Cha nel ny coondaeghyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie coontit ymmydit er son cooishyn gurneilys reiragh,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gazetteer.co.uk/section1.htm |title=The Gazetteer of British Place Names: Main features of the Gazetteer |publisher=www.gazetteer.co.uk |accessdate=2010-01-23 |language=Baarle |archive-date=2010-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111105121/http://www.gazetteer.co.uk/section1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> agh, myrane lesh y Phobblaght, ta ny joaraghyn tradishoonagh ymmydit ry hoi cooishyn neu-formoil lheid as leegyn spoyrt as ayns co-hecksyn cultooragh as turrysagh myrane lesh ayns enmyssyn postagh.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/destinationNI/byCounty.aspx|title= NI by County|date= |work= Discover Northern Ireland|publisher= Northern Ireland Tourist Board|accessdate= 2010-01-01|language= Baarle|archive-date= 2009-12-26|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091226125807/http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/destinationNI/byCounty.aspx|url-status= dead}}</ref> Ta staydys ard-valley ayns Nerin er ny vriwnyssey rere [[kaart reeoil]] ny [[slattyssaght|slattyssagh]]. She [[Divlyn]], lesh ny smoo na 1 villioon dy chummaltee ayns [[Ard Ghivlyn Mooar]],<ref> {{cite book |title=Census 2006 Volume 1 - Population Classified by Area: Tables 7 and 12 |url=http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_Table_7_and_12.pdf |pages=Table 12, p.139: Alphabetical list of Towns with their population, 2002 and 2006 |format=[[PDF]] |author=Central Statistics Office |date=26 Averil 2007 |accessdate=2007-09-15 |nopp=true}} </ref> yn ard-valley smoo er yn ellan. T'ad ny [[Ard-valjyn ayns Nerin|h-ard-valjyn elley]] na:<ref name="2006population" group="Note">Ta ny h-earrooyn shoh soilshaghey coontey-pobble 2006 da Pobblaght Nerin as ooley-pobble 2006 da Nerin Hwoaie. * {{cite web | url=http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/Final%20Principal%20Demographic%20Results%202006.pdf | title=Principal Demographic Results | work=Census 2006 | author=Central Statistics Office | publisher=Stationary Office | location=Divlyn | year=2007 | accessdate=2010-01-11 }} * {{cite web | url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/publications/qtr_report/qtr4_2007.pdf | title=The Registrar General's Quarterly Report | author=Northern Ireland Research and Statistics Agency | publisher=National Statistics | year=2007 | accessdate=2010-01-11 | archivedate=2010-02-17 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217132038/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/publications/qtr_report/qtr4_2007.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/Census/Excel/ks_settlements/ks07a_com_st.xls | title=Table KS07a: Religion (Numbers) | publisher=National Research and Statistics Agency | location=Beeal Feirshtey | accessdate=2010-01-11 | archivedate=2010-02-17 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217111556/http://www.nisranew.nisra.gov.uk/census/Excel/ks_settlements/ks07a_com_st.xls }}</ref> * [[Beeal Feirshtey]] (276,459 cummaltee) * [[Corkee]] (190,384)<ref>{{PDFlink|[http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf Census 2006]|4.22&nbsp;MB}}, Reiltys Nerin</ref> * [[Doirrey]] (110,768) * [[Galliu]] (72,700) * [[Lis ny Garvagh]] (71,465) * [[Limmeragh]] (52,539) * [[Yn Euar]] (27,433) * [[Yn Lurgain]] (25,048) * [[Ard Maghey]] (14,590) Foddee [[Keeill Chennee]] (22,179 cummaltee), ee dy chur sheese myr ard-valley rere leigh, ga nagh vel ee ny h-ard-valley dy h-oikoil ny smoo. Ta ny smoo cummaltee ayns baljyn ennagh na t'ayn ayns ny h-ard-valjyn ta currit 'sy rolley heose agh cha nel ad er enney myr ard-valjyn er yn oyr nagh vel kaartyn shendeeagh ny staydys slattyssagh oc. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Queiggey !! Sleih-earroo<ref name="2006population" group="Note"/> !! Eaghtyr(km²)<ref name="areaDensity">{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/statistics/areabyprovince.htm|title=Area by Province|work=Principal Statistics|publisher=Central Statistics Office|location=Corkee|accessdate=2010-01-11|language=Baarle}} <!-- Ta shin er n'gheddyn eaghtyr NH myr eiyrtys jeh leodys eaghtyr PN veih'n clane eaghtyr --/>--></ref>!! Glooaght (d/km²)<ref name="areaDensity" /> !! Ard-valley smoo |- | align=left| [[Queiggey Connaghtey]] || 503,083 || 17,713 || 28 || [[Galliu]] |- | align=left|[[Queiggey Lion]] || 2,292,939 || 19,801 || 100 || [[Divlyn]] |- | align=left| [[Queiggey Mooan]] || 1,172,170 || 24,608 || 48 || [[Corkee]] |- | align=left| [[Queiggey Ulley]] || 2,008,333 || 22,300 || 90 || [[Beeal Feirshtey]] |} === Undinyssyn ooilley-ellanagh === Dyn y wooise da'n rheynn pholitickagh, ta ellan Nerin foast gobbraghey myr un unnid ayns ram magheryn ta goaill harrish bingyn reiltysagh. Ta un chorys [[arraghey|arraghee]], [[çhellinsh]], bree as ushtey ec y daa reiltys. Lesh kuse veg dy limmaghyn ardghooagh, ta'n ellan ny unnid reiragh da reagheydyssyn as sheshaghtyn crauee, cultooragh as spoyrt. Ta un 'wirran eddyrashoonagh ec yn ellan ayns y chooid smoo jeh spoyrtyn, lheid as ayns [[ruggyr]], as ta'n 17-oo Mart er ny chelloorey er feie'n ellan myr feailley tradishoonagh Yernagh [[Laa'l Perrick|Noo Perrick]]. She limmey da'n chorys ooilley-ellanagh t'ayns y [[soccer|toccer]] as daa 'wirran eddyrashoonagh ayn. Ta [[Conaant Veeal Feirshtey]] 1998 cour rish co-obbraghey politickagh eddyr y daa reiltys. Ta'n [[Coonseil Hirveishagh Hwoaie-Yiass|Choonseil Hirveishagh Hwoaie-Yiass]], va currit er bun fo conaantyn y Chonaant, ny h-undinys raad dy vel shirveishee reiltysagh veih'n jiass as veih'n twoaie jargal çheet ry-cheilley dys polaaseyn ooilley-ellanagh dy chur er bun as dy chur ayns focklyn ayns daa "ard co-obbraghey" jeig lheid as eirinys, y çhymmyltaght as arraghey. Ta "bingyn cooilleenaght" ooilley-ellanagh ec shey jeh ny h-ardjyn shen. Myr sampleyr, ta sauçhys bee stiurit ec y [[Food Safety Promotion Board]] as ta [[Tourism Ireland]] geddyn margey da'n ellan er feie. Ta tree parteeghyn politickagh mooarey, [[Sinn Féin]], [[Partee Glass Nerin]] as, er y gherrid, [[Fianna Fáil]] reaghit er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh. Cha nel agh soiagyn ec Sinn Féin ayns y daa reiltys, ansherbee. Dyn y wooise da'n firrinaght dy vel y daa reiltys goaill ymmyd jeh daa [[argid cadjin]] er lheh (yn [[oarey]] as y [[punt Sostynagh]]), ta kuse vooar dy traght gurneilit er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh. Ta olteynys 'syn [[Unnaneys Oarpagh]] lhiggey da shen, dy paartagh. Ta olteynyn veih'n cho-phobble dellal as veih crooderyn polaase geamagh er son "tarmaynys ooilley-ellanagh" er yn oyr dy nod ad goaill vondeishyn ass [[tarmaynyssyn scaailley]] as dys cohirreydaght dy hroggal.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028204341/http://www.forfas.ie/ncc/reports/ncc_ndp_submission/ncc061114_ndp_submission_dept_finance_webopt.pdf|archivedate=2008-10-28|url=http://www.forfas.ie/ncc/reports/ncc_ndp_submission/ncc061114_ndp_submission_dept_finance_webopt.pdf|year=2006|title=National Competitiveness Council Submission on the National Development Plan 2007-2013|publisher=National Competitiveness Council|accessdate=2008-11-07}}</ref> Ta'n ellan gobbraghey myr margey singil ayns ard [[lectraghys]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.allislandmarket.com/about/|title= About SEMO|date= |work= allislandmarket.com|publisher= Single Electricity Market Operator (SEMO)|accessdate= 2008-10-26|archive-date= 2008-06-20|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080620020544/http://www.allislandmarket.com/about/|url-status= dead}}</ref> as ta claareyn ayn dys margey singil dy chur er bun da [[gas najooragh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/breaking-news/uk-ireland/politics/dup-minister-expresses-support-for-single-gas-market-13442926.html |date=2007-05-18|title=DUP minister expresses support for single gas market|publisher= Belfast Telegraph|accessdate=2008-10-26}}</ref> Ta pohlldey da ventyryssyn shen çheet dy mennick veih'n [[reiltys Yernagh]] as veih parteeghyn politickagh [[Ashoonaghys Yernagh|ashoonagh]] ayns [[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/io/agreement.htm|date=1998-04-10|title=Agreement Reached in the Multi-party Negotiations|publisher=[[Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie]]|accessdate=2008-10-26|archivedate=2008-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820090331/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/io/agreement.htm}}</ref> == Çheer-oaylleeaght == {{Ardart|Çheer-oaylleeaght Nerin|Creg-oaylleeaght Nerin}} {{jeeagh|Speyr Nerin}} [[Coadan:Ireland physical large.png|right|thumb|upright=1.5|Troghyn fishigagh Nerin]] Ta fainey dy sleityn slystagh cruinnlaghey strahyn rea injil ayns çheshvean yn ellan. She [[Corrán Tuathail]] ({{lang-en|Carrauntoohill}}) ayns [[Coontae Cherree]] y slieau s'yrjey nyn mast'oc, as eh 1,038 m er yrjid.<ref name="OSIFAQS">{{cite web |title =Frequently Asked Questions |work=osi.ie|publisher=[[Ordnance Survey of Ireland]] |url=http://www.osi.ie/en/faq/faqs.aspx |accessdate=2009-09-30 }}</ref> Ta'n thalloo smoo traauoil soit ayns Queiggey Lioin.<ref>{{cite book|first=Victor|last=Meally|title=Encyclopaedia of Ireland|publisher=A. Figgis|location=Dublin|year=1968}}</ref> Foddee ardjyn sheear dy ve sleitagh as creggagh lesh reayrtyssyn glassey. Ta [[Yn Çhannon|Awin ny Shannon]], yn awin s'liurey 'syn ellan as ee 386 km er lhiurid, girree ayns [[Coontae yn Chavan]] 'sy neear hwoaie as t'ee roie dys ard-valley [[Limmeragh]] 'sy neear meanagh.<ref>{{cite web | title = Nature and Scenery | work = Discover Ireland | publisher = Tourism Ireland | url = http://www.discoverireland.com/gb/about-ireland/nature/ | accessdate = 2008-11-09 }}</ref> Rere y ghlasseraght rank er yn ellan, troar jeh'n speyr vog as [[fliaghey]] mennick, ta'n far-ennym "''Ellan Sheear-ghlass Nerin''" currit urree. Ta [[speyr vooiragh]] vog ry-gheddyn ayns Nerin lesh kuse veg dy feeganyn. Ta'n speyr ny speyr ellanagh as [[sonderaght|honderagh]] dy cadjin as t'ee scapail veih ny çhiassidyn geyrey ta ry-gheddyn er dowan-lheeadyn cheddin elley er feie ny Cruinney.<ref name="MEclimate">{{cite web | title =Climate of Ireland | work = Climate | publisher = Met Éireann | url =http://www.met.ie/climate/climate-of-ireland.asp | accessdate =2008-11-11 }}</ref> T'eh shen ny eiyrtys jeh ny geayaghyn fliughey tempreilagh ta baardaghey veih sheear yiass y [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. Ta frassaghey tuittym car ny bleeaney agh t'eh eddrym son y chooid smoo, 'sy niar er lheh. Ta'n neear ny s'fliaghey dy meanagh as eh crommey hug sterrymyn ass y Cheayn Sheear, 'syn 'ouyir jeianagh as car meeghyn y gheuree er lheh. T'ad cur geayaghyn jeeillagh lhieu as [[fliaghey]] lane ny smoo da ny h-ardjyn shen, myrane lesh [[sniaghtey]] as [[sniaghtey garroo]]. Ta ny h-ardjyn ayns twoaie [[Coontae ny Galliu|Choontae ny Galliu]] as 'sy niar jeh [[Coontae Vay Eo]] recortyssey yn chooid smoo jeh [[tendreil]] er yn ellan as ee taghyrt er eddyr queig as jeih laaghyn 'sy vlein ayns ny h-ardjyn shen.<ref name="MErainfall">{{cite web | title = Rainfall | work= Climate|publisher = Met Éireann | url = http://www.met.ie/climate/rainfall.asp | accessdate = 2008-11-05}}</ref> Ta'n chooid sloo jeh sniaghtey ry-gheddyn ayns [[Queiggey Mooan]] 'sy jiass, as ta'n chooid smoo jeh sniaghtey ry-gheddyn ayns [[Queiggey Ulley]] 'sy twoaie. Ta ny h-ardjyn sthie beggan ny s'çhoe car y tourey as beggan ny s'feayrey car y gheurey. Dy cadjin, ta 40 laaghyn 'sy vlein ny sloo na'n poynt rio {{nowrap|0&nbsp;°C}} {{nowrap|(32&nbsp;°F)}} ec stashoonyn emshir sthie, ayns cosoylaght rish 10 laaghyn ec stashoonyn slystagh. Ta Nerin cleaynit liorish skallaneyn çhiass ny keayrtyn, ayns 1995, 2003 as 2006 er y gherrid. Myrane lesh y chooid elley jeh'n Oarpey, va Nerin fo chleaney jeh emshyr feer feayr car geurey ny bleeaney 2009–2010. Huitt çhiassidyn dys -13&nbsp;°C (9&nbsp;°F) ayns buill ennagh as huitt kuse vooar dy [[sniaghtey|niaghtey]], seose dys 1 m ayns ardjyn sleitagh. [[Coadan:Irl-Carrantuohill summit.jpg|thumb|left|Ta [[Corrán Tuathail]], y slieau s'yrjey ayns Nerin, ny hoie ayns [[na Cruacha Dubha]].]] Ta'n ellan jeant seose jeh [[queiggey creg-oaylleeagh|queiggaghyn creg-oaylleeagh]] eigsoylagh. Foddey 'sy neear, mygeayrt [[Coontae ny Galliu]] as [[Coontae Ghoon ny Ghoal]], ta co-hroggalys aileagh as ceaghlagh jeh keim eddyr meanagh as ard, jeh cleunys [[Caledoneedagh]] ry-akin, cosoylagh rish [[Gaeltaght ny h-Albey]]. Harrish Ullee hiar yiass as sheeyney sheear yiass dys [[Yn Lhongfort|y Lhongfort]] as jiass dys [[yn Ooive]] ta queiggey ta jeant seose jeh creggyn Ordoveeshagh as Shillooragh ry-akin, lesh cosoylaghtyn rish [[Thalloo Ard ny h-Albey]]. Ny s'odjey da'n jiass, rish coose [[Coontae Logh Garman|Choontae Logh Garman]], ta ard ta jeant seose jeh [[imlaght|imlee]] hryalagh stiagh dys creggyn ny smoo Ordoveeshagh as Shillooragh ry-akin, cosoylagh rish adsyn t'er ny gheddyn ayns [[Bretyn]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Geology of Ireland | work = Geology for Everyone | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | url = http://www.gsi.ie/Education/Geology+for+Everyone/Geology+of+Ireland.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-05 | archive-date = 2008-03-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080327113851/http://www.gsi.ie/Education/Geology%2Bfor%2BEveryone/Geology%2Bof%2BIreland.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Bedrock Geology of Ireland | work = Geology for Everyone | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | url = http://www.gsi.ie/NR/rdonlyres/0302F251-C4ED-4938-BCF0-CF228A3E8F6A/0/GSI_GeolIreland_A4.pdf | accessdate = 2008-11-05 | archive-date = 2008-10-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081028204341/http://www.gsi.ie/NR/rdonlyres/0302F251-C4ED-4938-BCF0-CF228A3E8F6A/0/GSI_GeolIreland_A4.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> 'Sy neear yiass, mygeayrt [[Bá Bheanntraí]] as [[na Cruacha Dubha]], ta ard jeh creggyn Devonagh, feer vee-chummit, agh nagh vel [[creg cheaghlagh|ceaghlagh]], ry-gheddyn.<ref>{{cite web | title = Geology of Kerry-Cork - Sheet 21 | work = Maps | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | year = 2007 | url = http://www.gsi.ie/Publications+and+Data/Maps/Geology+of+Kerry-Cork+-+Sheet+21.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-09 | archive-date = 2007-12-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071212143431/http://www.gsi.ie/Publications%2Band%2BData/Maps/Geology%2Bof%2BKerry-Cork%2B-%2BSheet%2B21.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> Ta'n fainey neuchorrymagh shen dy chreg-oaylleeaght "chreg chreoi" coodit liorish lane-choodaghey dy clagh eayil Carboanar harrish çheshvean ny çheerey, as eh shen lhiggey da reayrt çheerey troaragh as rank. Ta'n clyst heear mygeayrt [[Lios Dún Bhearna]] – [[Boirinn]] – jeant seose jeh troghyn [[karst]] mie-lhiassit.<ref>{{cite web | author = Karst Working Group | title = The Burren | work = The Karst of Ireland: Limestone Landscapes, Caves and Groundwater Drainage System | publisher = Geological Survey of Ireland | year = 2000 | url = http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/places/the_burren/burren_karst.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-05}}</ref> Ta ronsaghey da hiddracarboanyn goll er shooyl lurg y chied feddyn magh mooar ayns magher gas [[Kione Sailey (rois)|Chione Sailey]] magh veih coose [[Coontae Corkee|Choontae Chorkee]] ayns ny 1970yn meanagh.<ref>{{cite web | title = Irish Natural Gas Market | work = Story of Natural Gas | publisher = Bord Gáis | url = http://www.bordgais.ie/corporate/index.jsp?1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=353&nID=363 | accessdate = 2008-11-05 | archivedate = 2009-09-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090904060414/http://www.bordgais.ie/corporate/index.jsp?1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=353&nID=363 }}</ref><ref name="sch">{{cite book | last1 = Shannon | first1 = Pat| last2 = Haughton | first2= P.D.W. | last3= Corcoran|first3= D.V. | title = The Petroleum Exploration of Ireland's Offshore Basins | publisher = Geological Society | year = 2001 | location = London | page = 2 | isbn = 1423711637}}</ref> Ny s'anmey, 'sy vlein 1999, va tashtyn scanshoil dy [[gas najooragh|ghas najooragh]] feddynit magh ayns [[Magher Gas an Choirib]] magh veih coose [[Coontae Vay Eo|Choontae Vay Eo]]. Ta magher ooil Heilbhic, er ooley dy vel ny smoo na 28 millioonyn dy stoandaghyn (4,500,000 m<sup>3</sup>), ny ronsaghey noa elley.<ref>{{cite web | title = Providence sees Helvick oil field as key site in Celtic Sea | publisher = [[Irish Examiner]] | date = 2000-07-17 | url = http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2000/07/17/current/bpage_2.htm | accessdate = 2008-01-27}}</ref> === Buill anaase === {{Ardart|King jurnaa hurryssagh ayns Nerin}} Ta tree [[Boayl Eiraght Dowanagh|Buill Eiraght Ghowanagh]] er yn ellan: [[Brú na Bóinne]], [[Sceilig Mhichíl]] as [[Clochán an Aifir]].<ref>{{cite web | title = World Heritage List | work=World Heritage| publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list | accessdate = 2010-01-01 }}</ref> Ta buill ennagh elley er y rolley treealagh, lheid as [[Boirinn]] as [[Moin Stíobhaird]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Tentative Lists | work=World Heritage | publisher = UNESCO World Heritage Centre | url = http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/ | accessdate = 2010-01-01 }}</ref> Ta buill hurryssagh ennagh elley ayns Nerin goaill stiagh [[Cashtal Vun Raite]], [[Carraig Phádraig]], [[Aillte an Mhothair]], [[Mainistir na Croise Naofa]] as [[Cashtal an Bhlarna]].<ref name="facts2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.failteireland.ie/getdoc/975fbac0-cf5d-4574-946e-26700b8a4efa/Tourism-Facts-2006.aspx |title=Tourism Facts 2006 |accessdate=2008-10-22 |author= |year=2006 |format=PDF |publisher=Fáilte Ireland |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721123846/http://www.failteireland.ie/getdoc/975fbac0-cf5d-4574-946e-26700b8a4efa/Tourism-Facts-2006.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta buill vaynaghoil scanshoil hendeeagh goaill stiagh [[Gleann Dá Loch]] as [[Cluain Mhic Nóis]], as ad freillt myr Cowrey Ashoonagh ayns Pobblaght Nerin.<ref>{{cite web | title = Search By County | work = National Monuments | author = National Monuments Service | publisher = Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government | url = http://www.archaeology.ie/en/NationalMonuments/SearchByCounty/ | accessdate = 2010-01-01 | archivedate = 2010-02-20 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100220110315/http://www.archaeology.ie/en/NationalMonuments/SearchByCounty/ }}</ref> She [[Divlyn]] y boayl smoo turryssagh<ref name="facts2006"/> as t'eh ny valley da shiartanse jeh ny cleaynyn smoo pobbylagh lheid as [[Thie Stoyr Guinness]] as [[Leabhar Cheanannais]].<ref name="facts2006"/> Ta'n neear as y neear yiass, ta goaill stiagh [[Loghyn Cheeill Airney]] as [[Corca Dhuibhne]] ayns Coontae Cherree as [[Conamara]] as [[Ellanyn Aran]] ayns [[Coontae ny Galliu]], nyn muill hurryssagh phobbylagh chammah.<ref name="facts2006"/> Ta [[thieyn steatagh]], v'er nyn droggal car y 17-oo, y 18-oo, as y 19-oo eash ayns aghtyn Pallaadagh, noa-Chlassicagh, as noa-Ghothagh, lheid as [[Caisleán an Bhardaigh]], [[Teach Bhaile an Chaisleáin]], [[Teach Bheanntraí]], nyn muill hurryssagh myrgeddin. Ta thieyn ennagh er ny aahroggal myr thieyn oast, lheid as [[Caisleán Dhrom Ólainn]]. <gallery caption="Buill Eiraght Ghowanagh ayns Nerin" perrow="3"> File:Causeway-code poet-4.jpg|[[Clochán an Aifir]]<br />[[Coontae Aontrym]] File:Klosteranlage Skellig Michael.jpg|[[Sceilig Mhichíl]]<br />[[Coontae Cherree]] File:Newgrange_ireland_750px.jpg|[[Brú na Bóinne]]<br />[[Coontae ny Mee]] </gallery> == Blaanid as beiyn == {{Ardart|Beiyn Nerin|Rolley lossreeyn cuishlagh 'sy Vretyn Vooar as Nerin|Biljyn ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin}} [[Coadan:Irl-female red deer Killarney.jpg|thumb|right|Ta'n [[feeaih ruy]] (''Cervus elaphus'') ny heeintagh smoo ayns Nerin. Va'n fotograf shoh jeant ayns [[Pairk Ashoonagh Cheeill Airney]].]] Er yn oyr dy row Nerin scarrit magh veih'n Oarpey vooarheeragh rere yrjidyn marrey va girree lurg yn [[eash rioee]] yerrinagh, ta ny sloo sorçhyn dy veiyn as dy lossreeyn ayn na t'ayn 'sy [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|Vretyn Vooar]] na 'syn [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpey]]. Cha nel agh 26 dooieyn dy heeintee çheet ass Nerin er dooghyssaght. Ta dooieyn ennagh, lheid as y [[shynnagh]], yn [[arkan sonney]], as y [[broc]] nyn nooieyn feer lhieenar, tra ta dooieyn elley lheid as y [[mwaagh slieau|mwaah Yernagh]], y [[feeaih ruy]] as [[kayt ny miljyn]] er nyn vakin ny s'anvenkey. Ta beiyn marrey, lheid as y [[turtyl]], y [[sharkagh]], y [[meeyl mooar]] as y [[doraid]], ry-akin magh veih'n choose dy mennick. Ta mychione 400 dooieyn dy ushagyn er nyn recortyssey ayns Nerin. Ta kuse vooar jeh ny h-ushagyn shen nyn ushagyn arraghee, goaill stiagh y [[gollan geayee soailt]]. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh dooiyn ushag ayns Nerin çheet ass [[yn Eeslynn]], [[Greenlynn]] as [[yn Affrick]]. Ta shiartanse dy horçhyn dy [[oayl (eggoaylleeaght)|oayldyn]] ry-gheddyn ayns Nerin, goaill stiagh thalloo eirinagh, thalloo keylley foshlit, [[keylljyn lhean-ghuillagagh sonderagh as mestit]], keylljyn dy [[biljyn-cughlin|viljyn-cughlin]], [[curragh|curreeyn]] [[moaney]] as sorçhyn eigsoylagh dy oayldyn slystagh. Agh ta'n eirinys stiurey rheynnyn dy ymmyd thallooin ayns Nerin, ansherbee, as y stiurey shen cur caglee er thallooyn er lheh da oayldyn najooragh,<ref name="www2000">{{cite web | title = Land cover and land use | work = Environmental Assessment | publisher = Environmental Protection Agency | year = 2000 | url = http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/assessment/land/ | accessdate = 2007-07-30 | archivedate = 2008-09-16 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080916125736/http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/assessment/land/ }}</ref> da sheeintee feie mooarey er lheh as ad er laccal ny smoo thalloo dauesyn. Er yn oyr nagh vel [[cragheyder]] baarelagh ayns Nerin, ta earrooyn dy veiyn, lheid as feeaihee lieh-feie, nagh vel streeanit ec cragheyderyn beggey, lheid as y shynnagh, streeanit ec jeelymyn bleinoil. Dy h-ard-ghooagh, cha nel aarnieuyn ayns Nerin as cha nel agh un pheisht (y [[jiolgan leaghyr bio-breayagh|jiolgan leaghyr cadjin]]) ta çheet ass yn ellan. Ta dooieyn anvio goaill stiagh y [[feeaih mooar Yernagh]], y [[filliu Yernagh]] as yn [[awk vooar]]. Ta dooieyn dy ushagyn eear-anvio, goaill stiagh yn [[urley buigh]], er nyn gur stiagh reesht lurg jeihaghtyn dy neuveays. Derrey ny traaghyn mean-eashagh, va Nerin gloo-choodit rish [[darragh (billey)|darree]], [[juys (Pinus)|juyssyn]] as [[beih (billey)|beihyn]]. Jiu ta keylljyn coodaghey mychione 9% (4,450&nbsp;km² ny un villioon d'acyryn)<ref name="coillte">{{cite web | title = National | work = Forest Facts | publisher = [[Coillte Teoranta]] | url = http://www.coillte.ie/coillteforest/forest_facts/forest_facts_by_county/national/ | date = 2008-11-05 | accessdate = 2010-01-01 | archivedate = 2016-04-03 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160403085840/http://www.coillte.ie/coillteforest/forest_facts/forest_facts_by_county/national/ }}</ref> eaghtyr Nerin, as ta'n earroo shoh taishbyney dy vel Nerin ny h-ard smoo jee-cheyllit 'syn Oarpey. Ta cooid vooar jeh'n thalloo coodit rish thalloo fassee, as ta ram dooieyn dy lossreeyn feie. Ta [[aittin]] (''[[Ulex europaeus]]''), [[conney frangagh]] feie, ry-gheddyn dy mennick ayns thallooyn ard, as ta [[renniagh|renniee]] ry-gheddyn dy mennick ayns ny h-ardjyn smoo bog, 'sy neear er lheh. Ta Nerin ny balley da keeadyn dy ghooieyn dy lossreeyn, as fir oc nagh vel ry-gheddyn magh ass yn ellan, as t'ee er ny ve "coloinit" rish faiyryn, lheid as ''[[Spartina anglica]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hackney|first=Paul|url=http://www.habitas.org.uk/invasive/species.asp?item=2680|title=Spartina Anglica|work=Invasive Alien Species in Northern Ireland|accessdate=2009-01-01|publisher=National Museums Northern Ireland|archivedate=2011-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519055358/http://www.habitas.org.uk/invasive/species.asp?item=2680}}</ref> [[Coadan:Gorse-Ulex europaeus.jpg|thumb|Yn aittin (''[[Ulex europaeus]]'')]] Ta'n vlaanid [[algey|algagh]] as [[famlagh|famlee]] jeh'n torçh feayr sonderagh. Ta 574 dooieyn jeu 'sy clane as foddee ad dy rang-oardraghey myr shoh: * 264 [[Rhodophyta]] * 152 [[Heterokontophyta]] * 114 [[Algey glass|Chloropyta]] * 31 [[Cyanophyta]] Ta dooieyn ny s'genney goaill stiagh:<ref name="Guiry and Nic Dhonncha 01">{{cite_journal | last = Guiry | first = M.D. | last2 = Nic Dhonncha | first2 = E.N | title = The Marine Macroalgae of Ireland: Biodiversity and Distribution in Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters | location = Beeal Feirshtey| publisher = Ulster Museum | year = 2001 | journal = Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 | issue = Publication No. 8 }}</ref> * ''Itonoa marginifera'' (J. Ag.) (Masuda & Guiry) * ''[[Schmitzia hiscockiana]]'' Maggs and Guiry * ''[[Gelidiella calcicola]]'' Maggs & Guiry * ''Gelidium maggsiae'' Rico & Guiry * ''Halymenia latifolia'' P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Kützing. Ta'n ellan er ny ve coloinit liorish algaghyn ennagh, as fir jeu feer fondit. Myr sampleyr:<ref name="Minchin 01">{{cite journal | last = Minchin | first = D. | title = Biodiversity and Marine Invaders | place = Beeal Feirshtey| publisher = Ulster Museum | year = 2001 | journal = Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 | issue = Publication No. 8 }}</ref> * ''Asparagopsis armara'', as y bun echey 'syn Austrail. V'eh recortyssit ayns Nerin da'n chied cheayrt liorish M. De Valera 'sy vlein 1939 * ''[[Colpomenia peregrina]]'', feer lhieenar dy ynnydagh as er ny recortyssey da'n chied cheayrt ayns ny 1930yn * ''[[Sargassum]] muticum'', feer fodnit ayns shiartanse dy buill er cooseyn y jiass, y neear, as y niar hwoaie Er oyr y speyr vog ayns Nerin, ta ram dooieyn, goaill stiagh dooieyn [[fo-ghrianchryss]]agh lheid as [[Arecaceae|biljyn palm]], er ny aase ayns Nerin. === Troar yn eirinys === [[Coadan:Pasture at the Viewpoint - geograph.org.uk - 15065.jpg|thumb|Thalloo fassee glass faggys da [[Beanntraí]].]] Ta'n shennaghys foddey dy troarey eirinagh, kianglt rish aghtyn eirinagh noa-emshiragh lheid as ymmyd smaghtaghey noidyn as eoylley, as teaumey veih sollaghar jeeragh stiagh ayns glish, awinyn as loghyn builley er ny h-eggo-choryssyn ushtey oor najooragh as cur broo er bea-neuchaslid ayns Nerin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarecoco.ie/water-waste-environment/biodiversity/ |title=Biodiversity|publisher=Clare County Council |accessdate=2010-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.belfasthills.org/minisite/adult_version/draftottersapmar07-2.pdf|title=Otter Lutra Lutra|work=Northern Ireland Species Action Plan|publisher=Environment and Heritage Service|format=PDF|year=2007|accessdate=2010-01-01|archive-date=2011-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205005310/http://www.belfasthills.org/minisite/adult_version/draftottersapmar07-2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta thalloo dy vagheryn glassey er son lhiassaghey troaryn as troggal ollee cur cagliagh er y thalloo t'er geddyn da soiaghey seose dy ghooieyn feie dooghyssagh. Ansherbee, ta cleighee, ymmydit dy tradishoonagh dy freayll as dy chur creeagh er joaraghyn thallooin, shassoo seose myr thalloo coadee da blaanid feie ghooghyssagh. Ta'n eggo-chorys shen sheeyney magh harrish ny çheerey as t'eh gobbraghey myr moggyl dy chianglaghyn as ad freayll remladyn jeh'n çhenn eggo-chorys v'er ny heeyney magh er feie'n ellan. Ta argidyn coonee fo'n [[Polaase Eirinagh Cadjin|Pholaase Eirinagh Cadjin]], as ad cur pohlldey da aghtyn eirinagh va freayll cleighee, goll trooid aachummaghyn. Ayns ny shenn traaghyn, hug y Polaase Eirinagh Cadjin argidyn coonee da aghtyn eirinagh jeeillagh, foddee, as ad cur trimmid er troarey gyn joaraghyn y chur er ymmyd neulhietrimmagh dy eoyllaghyn as dy smaghtyn noidyn myr sampleyr, agh ta ny h-aachummaghyn, t'er çheet magh er y gherrid, jee-chiangley argidyn coonee veih cormidyn troaragh as t'ad er ny chur stiagh shirreydyssyn çhymmyltagh as shirreydyssyn elley.<ref name="cap_reforms">{{cite web | title = CAP Reform - A Long-term Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture | work = Agriculture and Rural Development | publisher = European Commission | url=http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/capreform/index_en.htm | accessdate = 2007-07-30}}</ref> Ta keylljyn coodaghey mychione 10% dy eaghtyr ny çheerey, as ta'n chooid smoo jeu enmyssit da troarey traghtee.<ref name="www2000"/> Ta ardjyn keyllagh jeant seose dy cadjin jeh garaghyn dy viljyn un-chultooragh neu-ghooghyssagh, as foddee dy vel eh shen cur er bun oayldyn nagh vel cooie da dooieyn dooghyssagh dy neu-vertebree. Ta remladyn jeh'n cheyll ghooghyssagh ry-akin skahit er feie'n ellan, ayns [[Pairk Ashoonagh Cheeil Airney]] er lheh. Ta ardjyn najooragh gymmyrçh cleighee as faalyn dys ro-yndyragh dy lhiettal liorish [[Feeaihee Nerin|feeaihee]] as [[keyrrey|kirree]] ta shooyl trood ardjyn neu-lhiassit. Ta'n yndyraght 'syn aght shen cur lhietrimmys er aaghiennaghtyn najooragh ny keylljyn ayns ram ardjyn ny çheerey.<ref>{{Cite book | first = Dick | last = Roche | authorlink = Dick Roche | title = National Parks | publisher = Seanad Éireann | url=http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/S/0185/S.0185.200611080008.html | volume = 185 | date = 2006-11-08 | accessdate = 2007-07-30}} Resoonaght y [[Seanad Éireann|Seanad]] va goaill stiagh yn Eear-Hirveishagh Çhymmyltaght, Eiraght as Gurneilys Ynnydagh</ref> == Tarmaynys == {{ardart|Shennaghys tarmaynagh Nerin|Tarmaynys Phobblaght Nerin|Tarmaynys Nerin Hwoaie}} Cha daink y [[çhyndaa çhynskylagh]] dys Nerin da'n chooid smoo. Ta deiney ennagh credjal nagh daink y çhyndaa çhynskylagh dys Nerin dys Nerin er oyr gennid gheayil as yiarn, as ad nyn roie-chonaantyn da çhyndaaghyn çhynskylagh rere reayrt ennagh. Ta cremeyderyn jeh'n reayrt shen cowraghey magh çheeraghyn elley raad nagh row ny cooid shen ayn agh raad haghyr y çhyndaa çhynskylagh as t'ad cur cooishyn elley ayn myr oyryn.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LamjgLbhTvwC&pg=PA314&dq=ireland+failed+to+industrialize+due+to+lack+of+coal+and+iron&cd=1#v=onepage&q=ireland%20failed%20to%20industrialize%20due%20to%20lack%20of%20coal%20and%20iron&f=false|first=Cormac|last=O'Grada|title=Ireland: A New Economic History,1780-1939|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1994}}</ref> Ta screeudeeyryn shennaghys ennagh cowraghey magh yn unnaneys doaltattym lesh y tarmaynys share dy strughtooragh ayns Sostyn. T'ad cowraghey magh dy row leaghyn yiarn as geayil ayns Nerin cha neugheyr as ayns buill ennagh ayns Sostyn – as beggan ny s'inshley er leagh ayns buill ennagh – as er ny bleeantyn jeeragh roish [[Aght yn Unnaneys 1801|yn unnaneys lesh y Vretyn Vooar]], va çhynskylaghey ry-akin ayns Nerin ('sy çhynskyl [[lieen]] er lheh).<ref>{{cite|first=Joel|last=Mokyr|Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800-1850|publisher=Taylor and Francis |location=Oxon |year=1983}}</ref> Lesh y chovestey eddyr y daa harmaynys dy doaltattym, rere y reayrt shen, hoshee Nerin gassphurtal bee as obbreeyn dys y 'vooar-heer' ayns ynnyd e çhynskylaghey hene.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Jacobsen|title=Chasing Progress in the Irish Republic|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=1994}}</ref> Haghyr arraghey magh mooar lurg y Ghortey Mooar ayns ny 1800yn meanagh as darr eh shen derrey ny 1980yn.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100528170938/http://migration.ucc.ie/pmeinishowenfinal.htm Irish Emigration, past and present. Lessons to be learned?]. University College Cork.</ref> Ansherbee, haghyr caghlaa mooar ayns tarmaynys Nerin car ny 1990yn, as bishaghey tarmaynagh neuchadjin taghyrt car ny bleeantyn shen ayns Pobblaght Nerin, ayns phenomenon t'er enney myr "[[Yn Teegyr Celtiagh]]",<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicoll |first=Ruaridh |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/may/10/ireland-financial-crisis-emigration |title=Ireland: As the Celtic Tiger roars its last |date=2009-05-16 |publisher=The Guardian |accessdate=2010-03-30 }}</ref> as lesh çheet shee ayns Nerin Hwoaie. 'Sy vlein 2005, va Pobblaght Nerin currit 'sy chied ynnyd myr y boayl share er y theihll myr balley cummal, rere scrutaghey "[[quallid-vea]]" liorish yn earish-lioar ''[[The Economist]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Economist Intelligence Unit’s quality-of-life index|journal=The Economist: the World in 2005|format=PDF|publisher=The Economist Group|url=http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.PDF|accessdate=2010-01-22}}</ref> Ghow Pobblaght Nerin olteynys ayns [[oarey|cryss yn oarey]] ayns 1999, tra hannee Nerin Hwoaie lesh y [[punt Sostynagh|phunt Sostynagh]]. Hie Pobblaght Nerin as Nerin Hwoaie stiagh ayns goll ergooyl ayns 2008<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2009/0520/breaking8.htm |title=Ireland 'technically' in depression |publisher=[[The Irish Times]] |accessdate=2010-01-23 |date=2009-05-20 |last=Slattery |first=Laura |archiveurl=https://archive.is/8u7X|archivedate=2012-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/irelands-economy-in-free_b_185874.html |title=Ireland's Economy in Free Fall Collapse |publisher=Huffington Post |date=2009-04-12 |accessdate=2010-01-23 |last=Filger |first=Sheldon }}</ref> as ayns 2009, va'n chormid vee-staartaght ayns Pobblaght Nerin ec 12.5%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=teilm020&tableSelection=1&plugin=1 |title=Harmonised unemployment rate by gender - total - % (SA) |publisher=Eurostat |accessdate=2010-01-23 |last= |first= }}</ref> rere [[geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin (2008-2010)|geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin ayns 2008–2010]]. === Arraghey === {{Ardart|Arraghey ayns Nerin|Raaidyn ayns Nerin}} [[Coadan:Aerlingus.a320-200.ei-dei.arp.jpg|thumb|[[Airbus A320]] jeh chooid [[Aer Lingus]]]] Ta queig kied phurtyn aer eddyrashoonagh ayns Nerin: [[Purt Aer Ghivlyn]], [[Purt Aer Eddyrashoonagh Veeal Feirshtey]] (An Gearrán Fearnóige), [[Purt Aer Chorkee]], [[Purt Aer ny Shannon]] and [[Purt Aer Eear Nerin Chnoc Mhuire|Purt Aer Eear Nerin]] (Cnoc Mhuire). Ta Purt Aer Ghivlyn ny purt aer smoo tarrooagh,<ref>{{cite web | title =About us | work =Dublin Airport | publisher =Dublin Airport Authority | url =http://www.dublinairport.com/about-us/ | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archive-date =2008-11-03 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20081103014741/http://www.dublinairport.com/about-us/ | url-status =dead }}</ref> as 22 villioon dy hroailtee goll trooid y phurt aer dagh blein,<ref>{{cite web | title =Dublin Airport tops 23 million passengers in 2007 | work =Business | publisher =Thomas Crosbie Media | date =2008-01-22 | url =http://www.breakingnews.ie/business/mheyojojcwgb/ | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2009-06-25 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090625225342/http://www.breakingnews.ie/business/mheyojojcwgb/ }}</ref> as ta terminal as roievollagh noa er ny hroggal ec y traa t'ayn.<ref>{{cite web | title =DAA To Begin Building New Terminal Within Weeks | work =Press Releases | publisher =Dublin Airport Authority | date =2007-07-29 | url =http://www.dublinairportauthority.com/media-centre/press-releases/112007.html | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2009-09-26 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090926071932/http://www.dublinairportauthority.com/media-centre/press-releases/112007.html }}</ref> Ta dagh fer jeu cour shirveishyn aer dys y Vretyn Vooar as yn Oarpey vooar-heeragh, as ta purtyn aer Beeal Feirshtey Eddyrashoonagh, Divlyn as y Çhannon cour shirveishyn harrish yn Atlantagh. Er feie shiartanse dy jeihaghtyn va'n Çhannon ny purt aalhieeney scanshoil da bollee harrish-Atlantagh.<ref>{{cite web | title =Shannon stopover to go by 2008 | work =Business News | publisher =RTE | date =2005-11-11 | url =http://www.rte.ie/business/2005/1111/shannon.html | accessdate =2008-11-09 }}</ref> Er y gherrid, ta shirveish roie-vynscrutaghey er ny foshley ayn as ee lhiggey da troailtee goll trooid custymyn sthie-arragh Americaanagh roie faagail Nerin. Ta shiartanse dy phuirt aer ny sloo ayn chammah: [[Purt Aer Chaayr Veeal Feirshtey George Best]], [[Purt Aer Chaayr Ghoirrey]], [[Purt Aer ny Galliu]], [[Purt Aer Cherree]] (An Fearann Fuar), [[Purt Aer Shliggee]] (An Leathros), [[Purt Aer Phurt Largey]] as [[Purt Aer Ghoon ny Ghoal]] (An Charraig Fhinn). Ta shirveishyn skedjalit veih ny buill ardjynagh shen goll dys buill elley ayns Nerin as 'y Vretyn Vooar son y chooid smoo. Ta lhuingyssyn aer ta bunnit ayns Nerin goaill stiagh [[Aer Lingus]] (eear-[[lhuingys aer ashoonagh]] Phobblaght Nerin), [[Ryanair]], [[Aer Arann]] as [[CityJet]]. [[Coadan:H&W Cranes2.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Samson and Goliath (craaynyn)|Samson and Goliath]]'', lhong-chaardee [[Harland & Wolff]], [[Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Nerin Hwoaie]]]] Ta ard-phuirt ec Nerin ayns [[Puirt Ghivlyn|Divlyn]], [[Puirt Veeal Feirshtey|Beeal Feirshtey]], [[Purt Chorkee|Corkee]], [[Purt Ros Láir|Ros Láir]], [[Purt Ghoirrey|Doirrey]] as [[Purt Phurt Largey|Purt Largey]]. Ta puirt ny sloo ry-gheddyn ayns [[Inver Mooar]], [[Beeal yn Aah, Coontae Vay Eo|Beeal yn Aah]], [[Droghad Aah]], [[Doon Jialgan]], [[Doon Laoire]], [[Faing]], [[Galliu]], [[Laarney]], [[Limmeragh]], [[Ros Vic Treoin]], [[Shliggagh]], [[An Pointe]] as [[Keeill Mantan]]. Ta 3.6 millioonyn dy hroailtee goll trooid puirt 'sy Phobblaght as ad goll tessen [[Mooir Vannin|y vooir eddyr Nerin as y Vretyn Vooar]] dagh blein.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/statistics/passengermovementbysea.htm |title=Direct Passenger Movement by Sea from and to Ireland (Republic) (000's) |publisher=Central Statistics Office |year=2006 |accessdate=2010-01-24}}</ref> Ta'n vooar chooid dy hraght chooid hrome leeideilit liorish y vooir. Ta ny puirt ayns Nerin Hwoaie stiurey 10 millioonyn dy hunnaghyn (11 villioon dy [[thunney giare|hunnaghyn giare]]) jeh traght chooid lesh y Vretyn Vooar dagh blein, tra ta ny puirt ayns Pobblaght Nerin stiurey 7.6 millioonyn dy hunnaghyn (8.4 millioonyn dy hunnaghyn giare). Ta shirveishyn assaig eddyr y Vretyn Vooar as Nerin trooid Mooir Vannin as t'ad goaill stiagh bollee veih [[Abertawe]] dys Corkee, veih [[Abergwaun]] as [[Penfro]] dys Ros Láir, veih [[Caergybi]] dys Doon Laoire, veih [[Stroin Roauyr]] dys Beeal Feirshtey as veih [[Machair an Sgithich]] dys Laarney. Myrane lhieusyn ta kiangley assaig eddyr [[Lerphoyll]] as Beeal Feirshtey trooid [[Doolish]] ayns [[Mannin]]. Ta'n baatey assaig gleashtan smoo, yn ''[[MV Ulysses]]'', stiurit ec [[Irish Continental|Irish Ferries]] er y vollagh eddyr Divlyn as Caergybi. Myrane lesh shen, ta baataghyn assaig goll veih Ros Láir as Corkee dys [[Yn Rank|y Rank]]. [[Coadan:Ireland transport map.svg|right|thumb|upright=1.5|Raaidyn yiarn, puirt ushtey scanshoil, puirt aeragh, as bayryn gleashtanagh (goaill stiagh adsyn ta begnagh creaghnit) ayns Nerin]] Va'n moggyl dy raaidyn yiarn ayns Nerin lhiassit ec ram colughtyn preevaadjagh car y 19-oo eash, as fir oc geddyn argid choonee reiltysagh 'sy 19-oo eash yeianagh. Rosh y moggyl y roshtynys smoo ayns 1920. V'eh coardit dy beagh towse lheanagh jeh 1,600 mm (5&nbsp;tr 3 oar)<ref name="ciatrans">{{cite web | title =CIA World Factbook - Ireland - Transportation | publisher =CIA | date =2008-11-06 | url =https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html#Trans | accessdate =2008-11-11 | archivedate =2019-05-06 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20190506104239/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html#Trans }}</ref> myr towse stundayrtit er yn ellan, ga dy row keeadyn dy chilometeryn dy raaidyn yiarn lesh towse keyl jeh 914mm (3&nbsp;tr).<ref name="ciatrans"/> Ta traenyn troailtagh liauyr ayns Pobblaght Nerin stiurit ec [[Iarnród Éireann]] as t'ad kiangley yn chooid smoo jeh ny baljyn smoo. Ayns Nerin Hwoaie ta dagh shirveish stiurit ec [[Northern Ireland Railways]]. Ayns bishaghey lesh shen, ta fer jeh ny raaidyn yiarn lught çhymnit smoo 'syn Oarpey soit ayns Nerin ta stiurit ec [[Bord na Móna]] as ta beggan ny sloo na 1,400 km er lhiurid.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bnm.ie/corporate/index.jsp?&1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=97&pID=357&nID=359 |title=Description of Railway |publisher=Bord na Móna |accessdate=29 Mart 2010 |archive-date=2007-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071119085020/http://www.bnm.ie/corporate/index.jsp?&1nID=93&2nID=97&3nID=97&pID=357&nID=359 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayns Divlyn, ta daa voggyl raaidey yiarn kiarail arraghey 'syn ard-valley as ayns yn ard ta cruinnlaghey yn ard-valley. Ta'n [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit]] ny yn DART ("Arraghey Tappee Ard Ghivlyn") kiangley çheshvean yn ard-valley rish ny fo-valjyn slystagh. Hoshee corys raaidey yiarn eddrym, y [[Luas]] ("Leahys"), gobbraghey ayns 2004 as t'eh gymmyrkey troailtee dys ny fo-valjyn meanagh as heear. Ta shiartanse dy linnaghyn Luas plannit myrane lesh [[Raad Yiarn Fo-halloo Ghivlyn|raad yiarn fo-halloo]]. Ta'n DART stiruit ec Iarnród Éireann as ta'n Luas stiurit ec [[Veolia]] fo kiartys dellal veih'n [[Railway Procurement Agency]] ("Bing Feddyn Streebee Raaidey Yiarn"). Fo conaantyn plan y reiltys Yernagh, [[Transport 21]], va'n raad yiarn eddyr Corkee as [[Mainistir na Corann]] aa-oshlit ayns 2009. Ta aa-oshley yn raad yiarn [[yn Ooive]]–[[Cluain Saileach]] as [[Bollagh Raad Yiarn Sheear]] coontit mastey obbraghyn ry-heet jeh'n phlan cheddin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Heavy Rail |work=Project |publisher=Transport 21 |date=2008-06-18 |url=http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Heavy_Rail/Heavy_Rail.html |accessdate=2008-11-11 |archivedate=2008-12-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207115734/http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Heavy_Rail/Heavy_Rail.html }}</ref> Ta ny shirveishyn ayns Nerin Hwoaie feer ghoan ayns cosoylaght rish y chooid elley jeh Nerin ny rish y Vretyn Vooar. Va moggyl raad yiarn mooar giarrit ayns ny 1950yn as ny 1960yn.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rpsi-online.org/schools/irishrailwaysystem.htm |title=The Irish Railway System |publisher=The Railway Preservation Society of Ireland |accessdate=2010-03-29 |archive-date=2010-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821004624/http://www.rpsi-online.org/schools/irishrailwaysystem.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta shirveishyn roie goaill stiagh bollee fo-valjagh dys [[Laarney]], [[yn Euar]], as [[Beannchar]], myrane lesh shirveishyn dys Doirrey. Ta crouw-linney goll veih [[Cooil Rhennee]] dys [[Port Rois]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.translink.co.uk/NIRailwaysBetterTimetables.asp |title=Northern Ireland Railways Timetables |publisher=Translink |accessdate=2010-03-29 }}</ref> Ta gleashtaneyryn ayns Nerin gimman er y chlee. Ta moggyl rheamyssagh dy raaidyn as moggyl lhiassagh dy vayryn gleashtanagh sheeyney magh veih Divlyn as Beeal Feirshtey er lheh. Dy shendeeagh, va'n chooid smoo jeh raaidyn ayns shelloo shellooderyn thallooin as ny s'anmey ren Barrantyssyn Giat Cassee çhaglym keeshyn er son ny raaidyn as ayns y vlein 1800 va 16,100 km dy raaidyn ayns Nerin.<ref>{{cite web | title =History of Transport in Ireland, Part 1 | work =About Us | publisher =[[Córas Iompair Éireann]] | url =http://www.cie.ie/about_us/schools_and_enthusiasts.asp#1 | accessdate =2008-11-11 | archivedate =2004-04-10 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20040410110553/http://www.cie.ie/about_us/schools_and_enthusiasts.asp#1 }}</ref> Ayns ny bleeantyn caie, chur Reiltys Nerin plan arraghee noa er bun as y plan shen ny halee argidagh smoo ayns corys arraghee Nerin: baihaghey €34 billioonyn veih 2006 derrey 2015. Ta obbyr er shaleeyn raaidey er ny hoshiaghey as ta fir jeu er ny chreaghney.<ref>{{cite web | title =Roads | work =Projects | publisher =Transport 21 | date =2008-06-18 | url =http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Roads/Roads.html | accessdate =2008-11-11 | archivedate =2008-12-08 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20081208022517/http://www.transport21.ie/Projects/Roads/Roads.html }}</ref> Va ny kied shirveishyn [[baroose post]] ayns Nerin conaantit liorish [[John Anderson (delleyder Albinagh)|John Anderson]] lesh William Bourne ayns 1791 as eh er ny yeeilley er son lhiasaghey stayd ny raaidyn.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Parliamentary papers, Reports from Committees, Volume 20 |publisher=House of Commons |location=London |pages=3, 38–43 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=K0wSAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA6-PA42&dq=john+anderson+mail+coach+ireland&ei=L2yxS4mHLoOGyATgwYyiCA&cd=1#v=onepage&q=john%20anderson%20mail%20coach%20ireland&f=false |year=1837 |accessdate=2010-03-29 }}</ref> Va'n corys dy varooseyn post, dy charriadsyn as dy "vianyn" lhiasit ny smoo ec [[Charles Bianconi]], soit ayns [[Cluain Meala]], veih'n vlein 1815 myr roie-haghter y chorys arraghee Yernagh.<ref>{{cite web |last =Murphy |first=John |title=Bianconi home to become Clonmel hotel |publisher=Irish Examiner |date=2005-01-04 |url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2005/01/04/story573513087.asp | accessdate =2008-11-11 }}</ref> Jiu, t'ad ny h-ard-cholughtyn baroose na [[Bus Éireann]] ayns Pobblaght Nerin as [[Ulsterbus]] ayns Nerin Hwoaie, as y daa jeu garral shirveishyn troailtagh rheamyssagh ayns dagh paart jeh'n ellan. Ta [[Bus Átha Cliath]] garral shirveishyn baroose da ard Ghivlyn mooar as ta [[Metro (Beeal Feirshtey)|Metro]] stiurey shirveishyn ayns ard Veeal Feirshtey mooar. Ta cowraghyn raaidey as caglee vieauid ayns Pobblaght Nerin taishbynit ayns kilometeryn 'syn oor, as ny caglee er nyn caghlaa 'sy vlein 2005. Ta cowraghyn foddeeaght as caglee vieauid ayns Nerin Hwoaie foast goaill ymmyd jeh unnidyn impiroil cosoylagh rish y chooid elley jeh'n Reeriaght Unnaneysit. === Moggylyn bree === Er y chooid smoo jeh'n tammylt va ny moggylyn lectraghys ayns Pobblaght Nerin as Nerin Hwoaie scarrit veih nyn geilley. Va'n daa voggyl jeu cummit as troggit dy neuchroghagh lurg y rheynn magh. Agh, myr eiyrtys jeh caghlaaghyn harrish ny bleeantyn jeianagh, t'ad kianglt nish ry-cheilley lesh tree eddyr-chianglaghyn<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cer.ie/en/electricity-transmission-network-interconnection.aspx |title=Interconnection |publisher=Commission for Energy regulation |accessdate=2010-03-30 |archivedate=2011-01-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128172244/http://www.cer.ie/en/electricity-transmission-network-interconnection.aspx }}</ref> as t'ad kianglt trooid y Vretyn Vooar rish yn Oarpey vooar-heeragh. Ta'n soiaghey ayns Nerin Hwoaie ny smoo co-chast er yn oyr nagh vel colughtyn preevaadjagh kiarail [[Northern Ireland Electricity]] (NIE) lesh dy liooar lectraghys. Ayns Pobblaght Nerin, cha ren [[Bord Soláthar Leictreachais|yn ESB]] jeianaghey ny stashoonyn lectraghys echey as ta feddynaght stashoonyn lectraghys çheet er 66% de meanagh, nane jeh ny cormidyn s'messey 'syn Oarpey Heear. Ta [[EirGrid]] troggal linney ym-skeaylley [[Stroo jeeragh ard-voltagh|HVDC]] eddyr Nerin as y Vretyn Vooar lesh mooadys eck er 500 MW, ny mychione 10% jeh shirreydys mullee.<ref>{{cite web |work=East-West Interconnector |url=http://www.interconnector.ie/projects/east-westinterconnector/projectactivity/ |title=Project Activity |date=2009-09-16 |publisher=[[EirGrid]] |accessdate=2009-09-29 |archivedate=2009-10-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004073101/http://www.interconnector.ie/projects/east-westinterconnector/projectactivity/ }}</ref> [[Coadan:RingsendPowerStation1459.jpg|thumb|right|Stashoon lectraghys an Rinn, Divlyn]] Ayns cosoylaght rish y lectraghys, ta'n moggyl rheynn dy [[gas najooragh|ghas najooragh]] er bunneydys ooilley-ellanagh nish, lesh piob-linney ta kiangley [[Baile Mhic Ghormáin]] ayns [[Coontae ny Mee]] as [[Bealach Cláir]], [[Coontae Aontrym]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Bord Gáis Networks : Northern Ireland : South-North Pipeline | publisher = [[Bord Gáis]] | url = http://www.bordgais.ie/networks/index.jsp?1nID=102&pID=109&nID=313 | accessdate = 2009-05-08 | archivedate = 2007-11-19 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071119071243/http://www.bordgais.ie/networks/index.jsp?1nID=102&pID=109&nID=313 }}</ref> Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n ghas ayns Nerin çhet stiagh trooid eddyr-chianglaghyn eddyr [[Twynholm]] ayns [[Nalbin]] as [[Baile an Lonfoirt]], Coontae Aontrym as [[Loch Sionnaigh]], [[Coontae Ghivlyn]]. Ta ymmyrkey leodagh çheet ass magher gas Chione Sailley magh veih coose Choontae Chorkee<ref>{{cite web | title = Northern Ireland Energy Holdings - Frequently Asked Questions | publisher = [[Northern Ireland Energy Holdings]] | url = http://www.nienergyholdings.com/FAQs/Index.php | accessdate = 2009-05-08 | archivedate = 2011-07-14 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110714182024/http://www.nienergyholdings.com/FAQs/Index.php }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Gas Capacity Statement 2007 | publisher = [[Commission for Energy Regulation]] | url = http://www.cer.ie/GetAttachment.aspx?id=d9f0b11e-3a13-42bb-86b7-f7470a9c68cc | format = PDF | accessdate = 2009-05-08 | archivedate = 2012-03-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305041104/http://www.cer.ie/GetAttachment.aspx?id=d9f0b11e-3a13-42bb-86b7-f7470a9c68cc }}</ref> as cha nel [[Magher Gas an Choirib]] magh veih coose [[Coontae Vay Eo|Choontae Vay Eo]] er ny foshley dys shoh. Ta'n magher ayns Coontae Vay Eo çheet ny whaiyl lesh condaigys ynnydagh mychione [[Condaigys ghas an Choirib|briwnys arganeagh]] dys y gas dy aaghlenney er çheer. Er y gherrid ta eabyn er ny n'gholl ersooyl ayns Nerin dy ghoaill ymmyd ass [[bree yn-aanooaghey]] lheid as [[bree gheayee]]. Ta [[ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee|ynnydyn mwyljyn-geayee]] er nyn droggal ayns coondaeghyn slystagh lheid as Doon ny Ghoal, May Eo, as Aontrym. Ta ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee er ny ve troggit magh veih coose [[Coontae Cheeill Mantan|Choontae Cheeill Mantan]] ec [[Ynnyd Mwyljyn-Geayee Vullagh Inver Mooar]] as bee eh ny ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee smoo er y theihll. T'eh er credjal dy nee'n ynnyd mwyljyn-geayee ayns Inver Mooar troarey 10% dy lectraghys Nerin tra t'eh creaghnit. Ta troggalys ynnydyn mwyljyn-geayee er ny ve moalit rere condaigys veih co-phobbylyn ynnydagh, as fir jeu credjal nagh vel ny [[turbeen-geeayee|trubeenyn-geayee]] dy h-aalin. She [[Cnoc an Turlaigh]] jeh chooid yn ESB yn un heyrraad ry hoi tastey bree 'sy steat.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Options For Future Renewable Energy Policy, Targets And Programmes issued by Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources | publisher =Hibernian Wind Power Ltd | date =2004-02-27 | url =http://www.hibernianwindpower.ie/hiberwindresponse_dcmnr.pdf | accessdate =2008-11-11 }}</ref> == Deiney == {{Ardart|Deyn-oaylleeaght Nerin}} Ren ny kied deiney cummal ayns Nerin mychione 9,000 bleeantyn er dy henney, agh cha nel mooarane fys er enney ain mychione ny cummaltee [[shenn-chlaghagh|henn-chlaghagh]] ny [[noalittagh]]. Ta ronsaghey gien-oaylleeagh 'sy vlein 2004 coyrlaghey dy daink ny kied chummaltee dys yn ellan as ad çheet harrish ny sheelogheyn rish coose y Cheayn Sheears veih'n Spaainey.<ref name="prospectmag"/> Rere sheiltynyssyn ny s'leah, haink ad veih'n Oarpey veanagh. Ta recortyssyn shendeeagh as caardyssagh goaill baght er beays dussanyn dy chynneeyn eigsoylagh foddee v'ad feayn-skeealleydagh ny firrinagh, lheid as ny [[Cruthin]]ee, ny [[Attacotti|h-Attacotti]], ny [[Conmaicne]], ny [[Eóganachta|h-Eóganachta]], ny [[Érainn|h-Érainn]], as ny [[Soghain]], mastey kynneeyn elley. Harrish y 1,000 bleeaney jerrinagh haink [[ny Loghlynee]], ny [[Normanee]], ny [[Albinee|h-Albinee]], as ny [[Sostynee]] as ad cur lesh y phobble dooghyssagh. Ta'n [[Creestiaght|Chreestiaght]] ny possan crauee smoo ayns Nerin. She [[Catoleaghys Raueagh]] y rheynn chrauee smoo as eh cowraghey 73% jeh pobble yn ellan (as mychione 87%<ref name="census2006-religion"/> jeh pobble Phobblaght Nerin). Ta'n chooid elley jeh'n phobble nyn gooid jeh rheynnyn Protestoonagh eigsoylagh (mychione 53% jeh pobble Nerin Hwoaie).<ref name="niprotestants">{{cite news | last = McKittrick | first = David | authorlink = | title = Census Reveals Northern Ireland's Protestant Population is at Record Low | work = | publisher = Independent | date = 2002-12-19 | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/census-reveals-northern-irelands-protestant-population-is-at-record-low-611500.html | accessdate = 2009-12-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20091110153753/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/census-reveals-northern-irelands-protestant-population-is-at-record-low-611500.html | archivedate = 2009-11-10 }}</ref> She [[Agglish Nerin|Agglish]] [[Anglicaanaghys|Anglicaanagh]] Nerin y nah agglish smoo. Ta'n [[Islamaghys ayns Nerin|pobble Islamagh]] ayns Neirn gaase, rere arraghey stiagh son y chooid smoo. Ta pobble beg dy [[Shennaghys ny h-Ewnyn ayns Nerin|Ewagh]] ry-gheddyn ayns Nerin chammah. Ta 4% pobble ny Pobblaght jannoo cur sheese orroo hene myr deiney gyn craueeaght.<ref name="census2006-religion">{{cite web|url=http://www.cso.ie/census/census2006results/volume_13/volume_13_religion.pdf|title=Census 2006 Volume 13 Religion|format=PDF|publisher=Central Statistics Office |accessdate=2008-01-29}}</ref> Ta 14% pobble Nerin Hwoaie jannoo y cur sheese cheddin orroo.<ref name="niprotestants" /> Dirree sleih-earroo Nerin dy tappee veih'n 16-oo eash derrey'n 19-oo eash veanagh. Haghyr [[Yn Gortey Mooar|gonney]] craaynagh ayns ny 1840yn, as myr eiyrtys, hooar un villioon dy 'leih baase as daag ny smoo na millioon dy 'leih yn ellan jeeragh lurg y ghonney. Harrish y keead-bleeaney eiyrtyssagh huitt sleih-earroo yn ellan dys earroo va lieh chooid jeh'n çhenn earroo, traa va bishaghey tree-filley ayns sleih-earroo ry-akin ayns çheeraghyn Oarpagh elley. [[Coadan:Population density of Ireland map2002.svg|thumb|left|Caslys-çheerey Nerin ta taishbyney [[glooaght y phobble]] rere coontae, 2002. Gow tashtey er y ghlooaght 'sy niar as ayns Ullee]] Chur arraghey magh ass Nerin lesh sleih-earroo Hostyn, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit, ny Canadey as ny h-Austrail raad ta [[eebyrtys Yernagh]] mooar cummal jiu. Va ny cooseyn sheear as jiass jeeillit son y chooid smoo rere yn arraghey magh shen. Roish y Ghortey Mooar, va'n ghlooaght cheddin, begnagh, ayns queiggaghyn Connaghtey, Lion as Mooan as cha row Queiggey Ulley cha glooit as y tree queiggaghyn elley. Jiu, ta'n ghlooaght foddey ny s'trimmey ayns Ullee as Lioin, ayns Divlyn er lheh, na ayns y Vooan as Connaghtey. Rere raahys aasagh veih'n jeihaght yerrinagh jeh'n 20-oo eash, haink Nerin dy ve ny boayl da sthie-arraghey. Veih ren [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] sheeyney magh dys [[Yn Pholynn|y Pholynn]] dy ghoaill stiagh ayns 2004, ta ny [[Polynnee]] 'sy chied ynnyd rere earroo sthie-arree (ny smoo na 150,000)<ref>{{cite web | last = Sullivan| first =Kevin | authorlink =Kevin Sullivan (journalist) | title = Hustling to Find Classrooms For All in a Diverse Ireland | work = | publisher = Washington Post | date = 2007-10-24| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/23/AR2007102302162_pf.html | accessdate = 2008-11-09}}</ref>, as sthie-arree elley er nyn jeet veih'n [[Yn Litaan|Litaan]], [[Yn Phobblaght Çheck|y Phobblaght Çheck]], as [[Yn Latvey|y Latvey]].<ref>{{cite web | title =Eircom launches two new Talktime International packages | work =Press Releases: Latest News | publisher =Eircom | date =Jerrey Souree 2007 | url =http://home.eircom.net/about/press/2007/July/10763015 | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2008-09-22 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20080922023146/http://home.eircom.net/about/press/2007/July/10763015 }}</ref> Ta sthie-arraghey mooar er ny akin ayns Pobblaght Nerin er lheh. Rere coontey-pobble 2006, v'eh recortyssit dy row 420,000 fir whaagh, ny 10% jeh'n sleih-earroo, cummal ayns Pobblaght Nerin.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web | last = Seaver | first = Michael | authorlink = | title = Ireland Steps Up as Immigration Leader | work = | publisher = The Christian Science Monitor | date = 2007-09-05| url = http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0905/p06s02-woeu.html | accessdate = 2009-12-30}}</ref> Ta cooid vooar jeh ny sthie-arree neu-Oarpagh jeant seose jeh [[Sheenee]] as [[Naigeeree]], myrane lesh deiney ass çheeraghyn Affrickagh elley. T'eh er credjal, ansherbee, dy daag seose dys 50,000 obbreeyn arraghee veih'n Oarpey Hiar roish [[Geyre-ghaue argidoil Nerin (2008-2010)|jerrey ny bleeaney 2008]].<ref name="affluenceends">{{cite web | last = Henry | first = McDonald | authorlink = | title = Ireland's Age of Affluence Comes to an End | work = | publisher = The Guardian | date = 2009-04-05| url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/apr/05/ireland-economy-vat-unemployment | accessdate = 2009-12-30}}</ref> Ta'n [[Baarle Yernagh|Vaarle Yernagh]] er ny loayrt ayns Nerin veih ny Mean Eashyn as, rere arraghey çhengagh car y 19-oo eash, ta'n Vaarle er ny chur stiagh ayns ynnyd y [[Yernish]] myr y phreeu-hengey da'n chooid smoo jeh'n phobble.<ref>{{cite book | last = Spolsky | first = Bernard | title = Language policy| publisher = Cambridge University | year = 2004 | location = Cambridge | page = 191 | isbn = 0521011752, 9780521011754 }}</ref> Cha nel y Yernish loayrit dy mennick magh ass y chorys ynsee agh ec mysh 10% sleih-earroo Phobblaght Nerin<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =Table 15: Irish speakers aged 3 years and over in each Province, County and City, classified by frequency of speaking Irish, 2006 | work =Census 2006 - Volume 9 - Irish Language | publisher =CSO | date = | url =http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=75639 | accessdate =2008-11-09 | archivedate =2009-02-27 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090227165829/http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=75639 }}</ref> as ta 38% jeu ta ny smoo na 15 bleeaney d'eash rang-oardit myr "Yernisheyryn". Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, she'n Vaarle y çhengey oikoil ''de facto'', agh ta staydys ec y Yernish as ec yn [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Ullanish]], as ee loayrit çheu yiass veih'n joarey chammah. Ayns ny jeihaghtyn jeianagh, rere'n sthie-arraghey, ta ram çhengaghyn elley er ny çheet stiagh dys Nerin, as ad çheet as yn Aishey as yn Oarpey Veanagh son y chooid smoo. <div style="clear:left"></div> == Cultoor == {{ardart|Cultoor Nerin|Cultoor Nerin Hwoaie}} [[Coadan:Ardboe Cross.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Ard-Chrosh Ard Bó]]]] Ta cultoor Nerin jeant seose jeh meeryn cultoor y çhenn sthie-arraghee as cleaynaghyn (lheid as [[Ny Gaeil|cultoor Gaelgagh]]) as, er y gherrid, [[Sostnaghey]] as [[Americaanaghey]] myrane lesh commeeys ayns [[cultoor ny h-Oarpey]]. Rere keeal lheeadagh, Ta Nerin coontit myr nane jeh ny [[Ashoonyn Celtiagh|hashoonyn Celtiagh]] 'syn Oarpey, gollrish [[Nalbin]], [[Bretyn]], [[Yn Chorn|y Chorn]], [[Mannin]] as [[Yn Vritaan (çheer)|y Vritaan]]. Ta'n cochiangle shen dy cleaynaghyn cultooagh ry-akin ayns cummaghyn cam ta enmyssit ''[[Fee (ellynyn reayrtagh)|fee]] Yernagh'' ny ''[[Cront Celtiagh|Cruint Cheltiagh]]''. T'ad ry-akin ayns ornaidys ny h-obbraghyn crauee as neuvonnagh mean-eashagh. Ta'n aght shen foast ennoil jiu ayns cliejeeneydys as ellyn ghraafagh,<ref name="BBC 1">{{cite web|title=Tionchar na gCeilteach|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/irish/articles/view/720/english/|accessdate=2010-01-23|publisher=BBC|date=2009-05-23|work=BBC Northern Ireland website}}</ref> myrane lesh yn aght er lheh jeh [[kiaull Yernagh hradishoonagh|kiaull]] as daunse Yernagh tradishoonagh, as t'ad er ny ve cowreydagh da cultoor "Celtiagh" noa-emshiragh son y chooid smoo. Va paart mooar ec [[Craueeaght ayns Nerin|craueeaght]] ayns lhiasaghey yn theihll cultooragh 'syn ellan veih ny shenn traaghyn (as veih ny [[Plandailyn Nerin|plandailyn]] 'sy 17-oo eash va'n chraueeaght ny focys da enney politickagh as rheynnyn er yn ellan). Ren eiraght roie-Chreestee Nerin roie ry-cheilley lesh [[yn Agglish Cheltiagh]] lurg sushtallaghtyn [[Noo Perrick]] 'sy 5-oo eash. Ren ny [[sushtallaghtyn Yernagh-Albinagh]], er nyn doshiaghey ec y vaynagh Yernagh [[Colum Keeilley]] Noo, sheeyney reayrt Yernagh ny Creestiaght dys [[Sostyn Anglo-Hostynagh|Sostyn]] phaganagh as dys [[Impiraght ny Frankee]]. Hug ny sushtallaghtyn shen çhengey screeuee dys pobble neulettyragh ny h-Oarpey car [[yn Eash Ghorraghey]] lurg [[tuittym ny Raue]], as ad cur y far-ennym "ellan ny nooghyn as ny scollagyn" er Nerin. Ayns ny bleeantyn jeianagh, ta [[thieyn oast Yernagh]] er nyn ve coontit myr noa-phostyn y chultoor Yernagh er feie ny Cruinney. Ta'n [[Abbey Theatre]] ("Theater ny Mannishter"), va bunnit ayns 1904 ayns [[Divlyn]], ny heater ashoonagh as ta'n [[An Taibhdhearc|Taibhdhearc]], va bunnit ayns 1928 ayns [[Galliu]], ny heater Yernish ashoonagh.<ref>{{cite web | title = Stair na Taibhdheirce | publisher = An Taibhdheirce | year = 2005 | url = http://www.antaibhdhearc.com/stair.html | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2009-05-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090530045428/http://www.antaibhdhearc.com/stair.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = An Taibhdhearc | publisher = Fodors | date = | url = http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/ireland/the-west/review-102098.html | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2011-05-25 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110525082941/http://www.fodors.com/world/europe/ireland/the-west/review-102098.html }}</ref> Ta screeuderyn cloie lheid as [[Seán O'Casey]], [[Brian Friel]], [[Sebastian Barry]], [[Conor McPherson]] as [[Billy Roche]] er enney er feie ny Cruinney.<ref>{{cite book | last =Houston | first =Eugenie | title =Working and Living in Ireland | publisher =Working and Living Publications | year =2001|isbn=0-95368-968-9}}</ref> === Ellyn === {{Ardart|Kiaull Nerin|Daunse Yernagh|Çhengaghyn Nerin|Lettyraght Nerin|Ellyn Nerin|Theater Yernagh}} Ta shiartanse dy hengaghyn goll er loayrt ayns Nerin. Ta'n [[Yernish]] y phreeu-hengey ghooghyssagh 'syn ellan. Veih'n 19-oo eash yeianagh, haink y [[Baarle|Vaarle]] dy ve ny preeu-hengey da'n chooid smoo dy 'leih as haink ee stiagh ayns Nerin ayns ny Mean Eashyn. Ta mynlaght vooar foast loayrt ayns Yernish jiu, agh cha nel ee ny kied çhengey agh ec cooid veg jeh'n phobble. Fo [[Bunreacht na hÉireann|bunraght]] Phobblaght Nerin, ta staydys oikoil ec y daa hengey, agh ta staydys ashoonagh ec y Yernish as t'ee coontit myr y chied hengey. Ayns Nerin Hwoaie, ta'n Vaarle ny preeu-hengey, as ta staydys mynlagh ardjynagh er y Yernish as er y [[Baarle Albinagh Ultagh|Vaarle Albinagh Ultagh]]. [[Coadan:KellsFol032vChristEnthroned.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Duillag ghaahit veih [[Leabhar Cheanannais]]]] Ta cohortys mooar jeant ec Nerin ayns lettyraght ny cruinney ayns dagh banglane, 'sy Vaarle er lheh. Ta feeleeaght ayns Yernish coontit myr y [[lettyraght ghooghyssagh|feeleeaght ghooghyssagh]] shinney 'syn Oarpey, as ta ny sampleyryn s'leah çheet ass y 6-oo eash. 'Sy Vaarle, va enney mooar er [[Jonathan Swift]] ayns ny traaghyn echey er son e obbraghyn lheid as ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'' as ''[[A Modest Proposal]]'', as t'eh foast enmyssit dy mennick myr y [[grinder]] toshee 'sy Vaarle, as ta enney mooar er [[Oscar Wilde]] son ny keeayllidyn echey ta aaraait dy mennick. 'Sy 20-oo eash haink kiare cosneyderyn jeh [[Aundyr Nobel ayns Lettyraght]] ass Nerin: [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[William Butler Yeats]], [[Samuel Beckett]] as [[Seamus Heaney]]. Faagail magh nagh row [[Aundyr Nobel]] bronnit er [[James Joyce]], t'eh coontit myr nane jeh ny screeuderyn smoo scanshoil jeh'n 20-oo eash. Ta'n noa-skeeal veih'n vlein 1922 ''[[Ulysses (noa-skeeal)|Ulysses]]'' coontit myr nane jeh ny h-obbraghyn smoo scanshoil ayns [[lettyraght yeianagh]] as ta e heihll kelloorit dagh blein er 16 Mean Souree ayns Divlyn, as y laa shen enmyssit "[[Bloomsday]]".<ref>{{cite web | title = Bloomsday 2007 Community Wide Events | work = Past Events | publisher = The James Joyce Centre | date = | url = http://www.jamesjoyce.ie/detail.asp?ID=86 | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Ta lettyraght Yernagh noa-emshiragh kianglt dy mennick rish yn eiraght çheerey eck<ref>{{cite book|first= Andrew|last=Higgins Wyndham|title=Re-imagining Ireland|publisher=University of Virginia Press|location=Charlottesville|year=2006}}</ref> trooid screeuderyn lheid as [[John McGahern]] as feeleeghyn lheid as Seamus Heaney. [[Coadan:Revolutionary Joyce.jpg|thumb|upright|[[James Joyce]], nane jeh ny screeuderyn smoo scanshoil jeh'n 20-oo eash]] Ayns ny bleeantyn jeianagh, ta [[kiaull çheerey|kiaull hradishoonagh]] as [[daunse]] Yernagh çheet dy ve ennoil reesht, trooid y phenomenon ''[[Riverdance]]'' er lheh, cloie theateragh jeh daunse tradishoonagh Yernagh.<ref>{{cite book | last = Butler | first = Jean | coauthor = Edited by Andrew Higgins Wyndham | title = Re-imagining Ireland: Re-imageing Irish Dance | publisher = University of Virginia Press | year = 2006 | location = Y Virjeeney | page = 141 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Oo-u0p31yjQC | isbn = 0-81392-544-4}}</ref> Ayns ny bleeantyn meanagh jeh'n 20-oo eash, tra va Nerin jeianaghey, huitt y chiaull hradishoonagh ass foayr, ayns ardjyn baljagh er lheh.<ref>{{cite book | last =Geraghty | first =Des | title =Luke Kelly: A Memoir | publisher =Basement Press | year =1994|pages = 26–30|isbn= 1-85594-090-6}}</ref> Car ny 1960yn, as tayrn stiagh ennal veih gleashaght chiaullee çheerey Americaanagh, haghyr aavioghey ayns anaase ayns kiaull hradishoonagh Yernagh, as va'n aavioghey shen stiurit liorish possanyn lheid as [[The Dubliners]], [[The Chieftains]], [[Emmet Spiceland]], [[The Wolfe Tones]], ny [[Clancy Brothers]], [[Sweeney's Men]] as fir er lheh lheid as [[Seán Ó Riada]] as [[Christy Moore]].<ref>{{cite book | last =Moore | first =Christy | title =One Voice: My Life in Song | publisher =Hodder and Stoughton/Lir | year =2000|isbn= 0-34076-839-8}}</ref> Hug possanyn as kiaulleyderyn, goaill stiagh [[Horslips]], [[Van Morrison]], as [[Thin Lizzy]] meeryn dy chiaull hradishoonagh stiagh 'sy [[kiaull chraaee|chiaull chraaee]] noa-emshiragh as, car ny 1970yn as ny 1980yn, haink yn anchaslys eddyr kiaulleyderyn tradishoonagh as kiaulleyderyn craaee dy ve millit, as cooid vooar dy 'leih goll harrish ny linnaghyn ayns aghtyn cloie. Ta'n cleayney shoh ry-akin ayns obbyr jeianagh jeh ellyneyryn lheid as [[Enya]], [[The Saw Doctors]], [[The Corrs]], [[Sinéad O'Connor]], [[Clannad (possan kiaullee)|Clannad]], [[The Cranberries]], [[Black 47]] as [[The Pogues]] mastey possanyn elley. Car ny 1990yn, haink fo-horçh dy [[kiaull veainagh çheerey|chiaull veainagh çheerey]] magh ayns Nerin as ee mestey [[kiaull veainagh hrome]] lesh kiaull Yernagh as Celtiagh. V'ad ny possanyn toshee jeh'n fo-horçh shen na [[Cruachan (bann)|Cruachan]], [[Primordial (bann)|Primordial]], as [[Waylander (bann)|Waylander]]. Ta possanyn kiaullee noa-emshiragh ennagh goaill ny s'gerrey da feaym "tradishoonagh", goaill stiagh [[Altan (bann)|Altan]], [[Téada]], [[Danú]], [[Dervish]], [[Lúnasa (bann)|Lúnasa]], as [[Solas (bann)|Solas]]. Ta fir elley goaill stiagh ymmodee dy chultooryn myr co-haaghey dy horçhyn, lheid as yn [[Afro Celt Sound System]] as [[Kíla]]. Ta'n chooish ry-akin mastey biallyssyn Yernagh gys yn [[Eurovision Song Contest]], co-hirrey kiaullee ooilley-Oarpagh ta cosnit shiaght keayrtyn ec Nerin, ny ny smoo na un çheer elley.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4563257.stm |title=Ireland in shock Eurovision exit|publisher=BBC Online|date=2005-05-19|accessdate=2008-01-10}}</ref> T'ad yn ellyn ghraafagh as y jallooderys Yernagh s'leah na grainnaghyn ta ry-akin ayns buill lheid as [[Sí an Bhrú]]<ref>{{cite book | last = O'Kelly | first = Michael J. | coauthors = O'Kelly, Claire | title = Newgrange. Archaeology Art and Legend | publisher = Thames and Hudson | year = 1982 | location = Lunnin | pages = | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=bGiMHQAACAAJ | isbn = 978-0500273715 }}</ref> as t'ad ry-gheddyn trooid jeantaneyn veih'n [[yn Eash Ooha|Eash Ooha]] as ny grainnaghyn crauee as [[laue-screeu daahit|laue-screeuyn daahit]] veih'n eash veanagh. Car y 19-oo as y 20-oo wash, haink tradishoon dooghyssagh lajer jeh daahghey magh, goaill stiagh fir lheid as [[John Butler Yeats]], [[William Orpen]], [[Jack Yeats]] as [[Louis le Brocquy]]. === Oaylleeaght === [[Coadan:Robert Boyle 0001.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Chur [[Robert Boyle]] Leigh Boyle ayns focklyn]] Va'n fallsoonagh as y jeeaghteyr Yernagh [[Johannes Scotus Eriugena]] coontit myr nane jeh lught share yn tushtey ayns ny Mean Eashyn. Va'n Reejerey [[Ernest Henry Shackleton]], ronseyder Anglo-Yernagh, nane jeh ny h-ard-phersoonyn ayns ronsaght yn Antarctagh. Ren eh, marish lught y hurrys echey, y chied drappal er [[Slieau Erebus]] as ronsaghey magh dy voayl faggyssagh y [[Poull Magnaidagh Jiass|Phoull Magnaidagh Jiass]]. Va [[Robert Boyle]] ny fallsoonagh najooragh, ny chemmigagh, ny 'ishigagh, ny ynlaghteyr as ny [[oayllee ooasle]] jeh'n 17-oo eash. T'eh ammyssit myr nane jeh bunneyderyn ny kemmig noa-emshiragh as ta enney share er son cur ayns focklyn [[Leigh Boyle]].<ref name="scientists">{{cite web | last = Reville | first = William | title = Ireland's Scientific Heritage | work = Understanding Science" series: Famous Irish Scientists | publisher = [[University College Cork]]; Faculty of Science | date = 2000-12-14 | url = http://understandingscience.ucc.ie/pages/irishscientists.htm | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2009-02-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090205165633/http://understandingscience.ucc.ie/pages/irishscientists.htm }}</ref> Ghow y fishigagh jeh'n 19-oo eash, [[John Tyndall]], magh [[eiyrtys Tyndall]], sheiltynys ta meenaghey cre'n fa dy vel daah gorrym er y speyr. Ta enney share er [[yn Ayr Nicholas Joseph Callan]], Olloo Fallsoonys Najooragh ayns [[Colaashtey Vaanoot]], son ynlaght y [[caslag indughtee|chaslag indughtee]], y [[caghlaader|chaghlaader]], as feddyn magh aght leah dy [[galvaanaghey|ghalvaanaghey]] 'sy 19-oo eash. Ta [[fishigagh|fishigee]] Yernagh ard-ghooagh elley goaill stiagh [[Ernest Walton]], cosneyder yn [[Aundyr Nobel ayns Fishig]] 'sy vlein 1951. Marish y [[Reejerey John Douglas Cockcroft]], v'eh ny chied ghooiney ren skeiltey çheshvean y vreneen rere saaseyn ellynagh as hug eh contoyrtyssyn da lhiasaghey sheiltynys noa jeh [[cormid honn]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Finch | first = Eric | coauthors = Denis Weaire | title = Walton Biography | work = | publisher = [[Colaashtey ny Trinaid, Divlyn|Colaashtey ny Trinaid]] Scoill Fishig | date = 2006-10-06 | url = http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/history/walton/walton_biography.php | accessdate = 2008-10-22 }}</ref> Ta unnid çhiassid absoloidagh, y [[Kelvin]] enmyssit ayns onnor William Thomson, ny [[yn Çhiarn Kelvin]]. Ren y Reejerey [[Joseph Larmor]], fishigagh as maddaghteyr, noaidyn ayns toiggalaght y lectraghys, niartallaght, çhiass-niartallaght as sheiltynys lectrane dy stoo. V'eh yn obbyr smoo cleaynagh ayn na ''Aether and Matter'', lioar er fishag sheiltynagh va soilshit 'sy vlein 1900.<ref name="physicsworld">{{cite news|first=Mark|last=McCartney|title=William Thomson: king of Victorian physics|work=Features|publisher=[[Physics World]]|url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/16484|date=2002-12-01|accessdate=2008-11-22|archivedate=2008-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080715173557/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/16484}}</ref> Chur [[George Johnstone Stoney]] stiagh yn enmys ''[[lectrane]]'' 'sy vlein 1891. V'eh [[John Stewart Bell]] noader dy [[Çhoarym Bell]] as pabyr bentyn rish feddyn magh [[Anleigh Chiral|anleigh Bell-Jackiw-Adler]] as v'eh enmyssit son aundyr Nobel.<ref name="scientists"/> Ta maddaghteyryn ard-ghooagh goaill stiagh lheid as y Reejerey [[William Rowan Hamilton]], as ard-ghoo er son ynlaght y [[kiarneen|chiarneen]]. Va cleayney mooar ec [[Francis Ysidro Edgeworth]] ayns lhiasaghey tarmaynys noa-chlassicagh, as eh goaill stiagh [[kishtey Edgeworth]]. Va [[John B. Cosgrave]] ny hur-oayllee ayns [[sheiltynys earrooee]] as ghow eh magh [[ard-earroo]] lesh 2000 bun-earrooyn 'sy vlein 1999 as [[earroo Fermat]] covestagh recortyssit 'sy vlein 2003. Ren [[John Lighton Synge]] immeeaght ayns magheryn ennagh dy oaylleeaght, goaill stiagh obbrinaght as saaseyn towse-oaylleeagh ayns conastaght chadjin. Va'n maddaghteyr [[John Forbes Nash, Jr.|John Nash]] myr nane jeh ny scollagyn echey. Ta hoght ollooscoillyn as ram Undinyssyn Çhaghnoaylleeaght ayns Nerin myrane lesh [[Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath|Undinys Ard-Studeyrys Ghivlyn]], va bunnit ayns 1940 marish y fishigagh [[Erwin Schrödinger]] myr stiureyder.<ref name="dias">{{cite web | title = School of Theoretical Physics: History - Formation of the School | publisher = Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies | date = 2007-06-01 | url = http://www.stp.dias.ie/history/history1.shtml | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> === Spoyrtyn === {{Ardart|Spoyrt ayns Nerin}} :''Jeeagh er neesht: [[Yernee#Spoyrtyn|Rolley spoyrteyryn Yernagh]]'' She [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] y spoyrt smoo cadjin ayns Nerin rere cronneyderyn as cassey co-phobbylagh, as t'eh jannoo seose 34% jeh frastylyn spoyrt lane ec taghyrtyn ayns Nerin as harrish mooir, as ta'n [[immanaght]] çheet ny yei as ee jannoo seose 23%. Ta [[soccer]] 'sy trass ynnyd lesh 16% dy chronneyderyn as ta [[ruggyr]] 'sy cherroo ynnyd 8%.<ref name="esri">{{cite web|url=http://www.esri.ie/pdf/BKMNINT180_Main%20Text_Social%20and%20Economic%20Value%20of%20Sport.pdf|publisher=The Economic and Social Research Institute|format=PDF|title=The Social Significance of Sport|accessdate=2008-10-21|archivedate=2008-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028204341/http://www.esri.ie/pdf/BKMNINT180_Main%20Text_Social%20and%20Economic%20Value%20of%20Sport.pdf}}</ref> She [[Kione-chloie Bluckaneyrys Ooilley-Nerin]] y taghyrt spoyrt smoo fakinit ayns feaillere spoyrtoil Nerin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_10004396.shtml |title=Initiative’s latest ViewerTrack study shows that in Ireland GAA and soccer still dominate the sporting arena, while globally the Superbowl (sic) was the most watched sporting event of 2005 |publisher=Finfacts.com |date=2006-01-04 |accessdate=2010-01-24 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927100249/http://www.finfacts.com/irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_10004396.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> T'ad [[snaue]], [[golf]], [[aeroabee]], [[soccer]], [[bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh]] as [[snooker]] ny spoyrtyn lesh y commeeys cloie s'yrjey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20070223162340/BKMNINT178_Main%20Text%20Chapters%201-4.pdf |title=Sports Participation and Health Among Adults in Ireland |publisher=The Economic and Social Research Institute |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2015-09-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904125738/http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20070223162340/BKMNINT178_Main%20Text%20Chapters%201-4.pdf }}</ref> She soccer y spoyrt smoo cadjin ta goaill stiagh fwirranyn eddyrashoonagh. Ta ram spoyrtyn elley goll er chloie as fakin, goaill stiagh [[bluckan bascaidagh]], [[doarneyrys]], [[criggad]], [[eeasteyraght]], [[golf]], [[ratçhal cooyn liauyrey]], [[bluckan laue Gaelgagh|bluckan laue]], [[hockee]], [[ratçhal cabbil]], [[spoyrt gleashagh|spoyrtyn gleashagh]], [[lheimyraght chabbil]] as [[leddoge]]. ==== Spoyrtyn magheragh ==== [[Coadan:Tyrone Blanket Defence.jpg|thumb|right|Çheer Eoin noi Kerree ayns [[Feniaghtys Bluckaneyrys Shinshyragh Ooilley-Nerin]] ayns 2005]] T'ad yn immanaght, bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh, bluckan laue, as [[cloie cruinn]] spoyrtyn ashoonagh Nerin as ad enmyssit ry-cheiley myr [[cloiaghyn Gaelgagh]]. Ta cloiaghyn Gaelgagh stiurit rish [[Cumann Lúthchleas Gael]] (CLG), faagail magh bluckaneyrys Gaelgagh mreih as [[cammageeaght]] (lhieggan mreih jeh'n immanaght), as ad stiurit liorish sheshaghtyn er lheh. Ta kione-cherroo y CLG (as y phreeu-staid) soit ayns [[Páirc an Chrócaigh]] ayns twoaie Ghivlyn. Ta ard-chloiaghyn y CLG cloit ayn, goaill stiagh [[Feniaghtys Bluckaneyrys Shinsharagh Ooilley-Nerin]] as [[Feniaghtys Immanaght Shinsharagh Ooilley-Nerin]]. Car aahroggal [[Bóthar Lansdún|staid Bóthar Lansdún]], va ruggyr as soccer eddyrashoonagh cloit ayn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/05/AR2007020501459.html|title=For First Time, Croke Park Is Ireland's Common Ground |date=2007-02-06 |accessdate=2008-08-14 |publisher=The Washington Post}}</ref> Ta dagh cloieder y CLG, myrane lesh ad er y chorrym s'yrjey, nyn ancheirdee nagh vel cur failt er faillee. Va'n [[Irish Football Association]] (IFA) ny reagheydys reirey son soccer harrish yn ellan. Ta'n gamman er ny ve cloit ayns cummey reirit ayns Nerin veih ny 1870yn. She [[Cliftonville F.C.]] ass Beeal Feirshtey y club shinney ayns Nerin. V'eh cloit son y chooid smoo, ayns ny kied jeihaghtyn er lheh, mygeayrt Beeal Feirshtey as ayns Queiggey Ulley. Ansherbee, va clubyn ennagh va bunnit çheumooie jeh Beeal Feirshtey credjal dy row yn IFA cur foayr da clubyn Protestoonagh ta bunnit ayns Ullee ayns cooishyn lheid as reih da'n fwirran ashoonagh. Ayns 1921, lurg taghyrt raad, dyn y wooise da gialdyn ny s'leah, scugh yn IFA aa-chloie lieh-yerrinagh 'syn [[Irish Cup]] veih Divlyn gys Beeal Feirshtey<ref>{{cite web | title = FAI History: 1921–1930 | work = | publisher = Football Association of Ireland | date = 2009-06-05 | url = http://www.fai.ie/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=222&Itemid=226 | accessdate = 2009-12-30 }}</ref> as, myr eiyrtys, daag clubyn va bunnit ayns Divlyn y çheshaght as chur ad Football Association of the Irish Free State er bun. Jiu, ta'n çheshaght 'sy jiass enmyssit myr [[Football Association of Ireland]] (FAI). Dyn y wooise da'n neu-hashtey er y çheshaght veih ny sheshaghtyn ayns [[Ashoonyn Thie|h-Ashoonyn Thie]], va'n FAI currit er enney ec [[FIFA]] ayns 1923 as va'n chied chloie eddyrashoonaght reaghit as cloit ayns 1926 (noi'n [[Fwirran ashoonagh soccer ny h-Iddaal|Iddaal]]). Ansherbee, va ny fwirranyn ec daa heshaght yn IFA as yn FAI reiht veih deiney as ooilley Nerin, as hooar sleih ennagh capyn da cloiaghyn as ad cloie er son y daa 'wirran. Ren y daa jeu cur sheese er nyn vwirranyn myr ''Nerin''. [[Coadan:Paul O'Connell Ireland Rugby.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Paul O'Connell]] roshtyn da'n vluckan car [[Linney-magh (spoyrt)|linney-magh]] noi'n [[Fwirran ashoonagh ruggyr unnaneys ny h-Argenteen|Argenteen]] ayns 2007]] Ayns 1950, ren FIFA gurneil ny sheshaghtyn cloiederyn dy reih veih ny thallooyn er lheh oc as, ayns 1953, ren eh gurneil dy nee "[[Fwirran ashoonagh soccer Phobblaght Nerin|Pobblaght Nerin]]" yn ennym va currit er fwirran ashoonagh yn FAI, as "[[Fwirran ashoonagh soccer Nerin Hwoaie|Nerin Hwoaie]]" yn ennym va currit er fwirran yn IFA veih shen magh (lesh lhimmaghyn er lheh). Ghow Nerin Hwoaie ayrn ayns kione-chloiaghyn [[Cappan y Theihll (FIFA)|Cappan y Theihll]] ayns ny bleeantyn [[Cappan y Theihll 1958 (FIFA)|1958]] (as ad er nyn rosh gys ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh), [[Cappan y Theihll 1982 (FIFA)|1982]] as [[Cappan y Theihll 1986 (FIFA)|1986]]. Ghow Pobblaght Nerin ayrn ayns kione-chloiaghyn Cappan y Theihll ayns [[Cappan y Theihll 1990 (FIFA)|1990]] (as ad er nyn rosh gys ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh), ayns [[Cappan y Theihll 1994 (FIFA)|1994]] as ayns [[Cappan y Theihll 2002 (FIFA)|2002]] as ghow ad ayrn ayns [[Feniaghtys ny h-Oarpey (UEFA)|Feniaghtys ny h-Oarpey]] ayns [[Euro 1988 (UEFA)|1988]]. Ta anaase mooar Yernagh ayns leegyn soccer [[Ard-rheynn soccer Hostyn|Sostynagh]] as [[Ard-rheynn soccer ny h-Albey|Albinagh]]. Ayns neu-chosoylaght rish soccer, ta Nerin cur un [[Fwirran ashoonagh ruggyr Nerin|'wirran ashoonagh ruggyr]] magh er y vagher, as ta'n fwirran as y spoyrt er feie Nerin stiurit ec un heshaght, yn [[Irish Rugby Football Union]] (IRFU). Ghow fwirran ruggyr Nerin ayrn ayns dagh [[Cappan Ruggyr y Theihll]], as rosh ad gys ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh ayns kiare jeu. Va cloiaghyn ruggyr cloit ayns Nerin car Cappanyn y Theihll ayns ny bleeantyn [[Cappan Ruggyr y Theihll 1991|1991]] as [[Cappan Ruggyr y Theihll 1999|1999]]. Ta kiare fwirranyn keirdey Yernagh ayn as da dagh fer jeu cloie 'sy [[Magners League]] as tree jeu cloie er son [[Cappan Heineken]]. Ta ruggyr Yernagh er ny heet dy ve ny smoo cohirreydagh ec corrymyn eddyrashoonagh as queiggagh veih'n vlein 1994 tra haink y spoyrt dy ve ny spoyrt keirdey. Car y traa shen, ren [[Ulster Rugby|Ullee]] ([[Cappan Heineken 1998–99|1999]]<ref>{{cite web | title = The Fourth Heineken Cup Final | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 1999-01-30 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/82_629.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2009-01-10 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090110045827/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/82_629.php }}</ref>), [[Munster Rugby|y Vooan]] ([[Cappan Heineken 2005–06|2006]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Munster fulfil their destiny | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 2006-05-20 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_5287.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2007-09-30 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154712/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_5287.php }}</ref> and [[Cappan Heineken 2007-08|2008]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Munster claim second Heineken Cup | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 2008-05-24 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_10240.php | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2008-08-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080804070439/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_10240.php }}</ref>) as [[Leinster Rugby|Lion]] ([[Cappan Heineken 2008–09|2009]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Leicester Tigers v Leinster | work = Match report | publisher = European Rugby Cup | date = 2009-05-23 | url = http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_12682.php | accessdate = 2009-06-11 | archivedate = 2009-05-18 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090518140148/http://www.ercrugby.com/eng/12_12682.php }}</ref>) cosney y Cappan Heineken. Ayns bishaghey rish shen, ta fwirran eddyrashoonagh Nerin er gheddyn ny smoo as ny smoo rah ayns [[Feniaghtys ny Shey Ashoonyn]] noi ny fwirranyn reiht elley Oarpagh. Haink y rah shen, goaill stiagh [[Tree-Chrooin (ruggyr unnaneys)|Tree-Chrooinyn]] ayns 2006 as 2007, ry-cheiley lesh greim glen dy varriaghtyn, ta enmyssit [[Grand Slam (ruggyr unnaneys)|Grand Slam]], ayns 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/match-centre_multimedia.php |title=Official RBS 6 Nations Rugby |publisher=www.rbs6nations.com |accessdate=2010-01-23 |archivedate=2011-11-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106225808/http://www.rbs6nations.com/en/match-centre_multimedia.php }}</ref> Va [[fwirran criggad Nerin]] mastey ny h-ashoonyn coheshaghtagh chossyn ayrn ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Theihll 2007]]. Chur Nerin [[Fwirran ashoonagh criggad ny Pakistaan|y Phakistaan]] fo haart as ren ad creaghney 'sy nah ynnyd 'sy cho-rheynn, as hooar ad ynnyd ayns keim y Super 8 jeh'n feniaghtys. Ghow y fwirran ayrn 'syn [[ICC World Twenty20 2009]] lurg e cho-varriaght ayns [[Qualleeaght da'n ICC World Twenty20 2009|ny qualleeaghtyn]], raad ghow ad ayrn ayns keim y Super 8. Myrane lesh shen chossyn Nerin y [[Qualleeaght da Cappan ICC y Theihll 2009|Whalleeaght da Cappan ICC y Theihll]] as ad shickyraghey nyn ynnyd ayns [[Cappan Criggad y Theihll 2011]], myrane lesh staydys [[One Day Indernational|ODI]] oikoil derrey 2013. Ta [[Fwirran ashoonagh ruggyr leeg Nerin|fwirran ruggyr leeg Nerin]] jeant seose son y chooid smoo jeh cloieyderyn ta bunnit ayns Sostyn lesh kianglaghyn lught thie Yernagh, as cloiederyn elley çheet magh ass cohirrey ynnydagh ass yn Austrail. Rosh Nerin ny cloiaghyn kerroo-yerrinagh ayns [[Cappan Ruggyr Leeg y Theihll 2000]]. ==== Spoyrtyn elley ==== [[Coadan:Irl-Sligo horse racing.jpg|thumb|[[Ratçhal cabbil]] ayns [[Shliggagh]]]] Ta [[ratçhal cooyn liauyrey]] as [[ratçhal cabbil]] nyn spoyrtyn ennoil as cadjin ayns Nerin. Ta ram sleih frastyl er staidyn cooyn liauyrey as ta ram cruinnaghtyn ratçhal cabbil goll er taghyrt ayn. Ta ard-ghoo er yn ellan son fuilleeaght as ynsaghey cabbil roie as ta ram cooyn roie er nyn assphurtal magh dagh blein.<ref>{{citation |author=FGS Consulting |title=Review of the Horse and Greyhound Racing Fund |work= |publisher=Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism |date=May 2009 |page=11 |url=http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/pdfs/DAST_%20Review_of_H%20_GFund%20_FGS_Final_May%2009.pdf |format=pdf |accessdate=2010-03-29 |archive-date=2011-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723073729/http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/pdfs/DAST_%20Review_of_H%20_GFund%20_FGS_Final_May%2009.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta rheynnag ratçhal cabbil co-ghlooit ayns [[Coontae Cheeill Darey]] son y chooid smoo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.curragh.ie/about-us/ |title=Kildare at the heart of the Irish bloodstock industry |publisher=The Curragh Racecourse |accessdate=2010-03-29 |archive-date=2010-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203233915/http://www.curragh.ie/about%2Dus/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta roortaghys Yernagh er ny lhiassaghey ayns ny traaghyn jeianagh, as daa voyn ard-ghooagh er nyn gosney ec [[Sonia O'Sullivan]] ayns ratçhyn 5,000 meteryn; boyn airhey ec [[Feniaghtyssyn IAAF y Theihll ayns Roortaghys|Feniaghtyssyn y Theihll]] 'sy vlein 1995 as boyn argid ec [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh 2000|Cloiaghyn Olympagh sy vlein 2000 ayns Sydney]]. Chossyn [[Gillian O'Sullivan]] boyn argid 'sy ratçh shooill 20k ec Feniaghtyssyn y Theihll ayns 2003, as chossyn cleeader ratçhal [[Derval O'Rourke]] boyn airhey ayns Feniaghtyssyn Çheusthie y Theihll 'sy vlein 2006 ayns [[Moscow]]. Chossyn Olive Loughnane boyn argid ayns ratçhal shooil 20k ayns Feniaghtyssyn Roortaghys y Theihll ayns [[Berleen]] ayns 2009. Ta doarneyrys reirit ec yn [[Irish Amateur Boxing Association]]. Ayns 1992, chossyn [[Michael Carruth]] boyn airhey son y doarneyrys ayns [[Cloiaghyn Olympagh y Touree 1992|Cloiaghyn Olympagh Barcelona]] as 'sy vlein 2008 chossyn Kenny Egan boyn argid son doarneyrys ayns Cloiaghyn Olympagh ayns Beijing.<ref>{{Cite news |url= http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0824/olympic.html |title=RTÉ News: Irish boxer loses out on Olympic gold |publisher=RTÉ News |date=2008-08-28 |accessdate=2010-02-29 }}</ref> Ta golf feer-chadjin ayns Nerin as she çhynskyl mooar t'ayn turrysid ghalf as ee tayrn ny smoo na 240,000 keayrtee golf dagh blein.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.discoverireland.com/us/ireland-things-to-see-and-do/activities/golfing/golfing-in-ireland/ |title=Golfing in Ireland |publisher=Tourism Ireland |accessdate=2010-03-30 |archivedate=2010-03-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315145519/http://www.discoverireland.com/us/ireland-things-to-see-and-do/activities/golfing/golfing-in-ireland/ }}</ref> Va [[Cappan Ryder]] [[Cappan Ryder 2006|2006]] cloit 'sy [[The Kildare Hotel and Golf Club|K Club]] ayns [[Coontae Cheeill Darey]].<ref>{{cite web | title = 2006 Ryder Cup Team Europe | publisher = PGA of America, Ryder Cup Limited | date = 2006-01-23 | url = http://www.rydercup.com/2006/europe/news/20060123_home.html | accessdate = 2008-11-08 }}</ref> Haink [[Pádraig Harrington]] dy ve ny chied Yernagh veih [[Fred Daly (golfeyr)|Fred Daly]] ayns 1947 dys y [[The Open Championship|British Open]] ayns [[Càrn Fheusda]] dy chosney ayns Jerrey Souree 2007.<ref>{{cite web | last = Brennan | first = Séamus | authorlink = Séamus Brennan | title = Séamus Brennan, Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism comments on victory by Padraig Harrington in the 2007 British Open Golf Championship | work = Press release | publisher = | date = 2007-07-22 | url = http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/publications/release.asp?ID=2028 | accessdate = 2008-11-08 | archivedate = 2011-07-23 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723073843/http://www.arts-sport-tourism.gov.ie/publications/release.asp?ID=2028 }}</ref> Chossyn eh e ard-ennym ayns Jerrey Souree 2008<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.opengolf.com/en/News.aspx?story=Peter+Dawson+speaks+about+golf%27s+Olympic+ambition |title=Peter Dawson speaks about golf's Olympic ambition |work=The Open Championship 2008: Interview |publisher=Opengolf.com |date=2009-12-16 |accessdate=2010-03-26 |archivedate=2011-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123175132/http://www.opengolf.com/en/News.aspx?story=Peter+Dawson+speaks+about+golf%27s+Olympic+ambition }}</ref> roish chossyn eh y [[PGA Championship]] ayns Luanistyn.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/golf/2008/0811/harrington.html|title=In Pictures: Harrington wins US PGA|date=2008-08-11|accessdate=2008-08-14|publisher=[[Raidió Teilifís Éireann|RTÉ]]}}</ref> Haink Harrington dy ve ny chied Oarpagh dys y PGA Championship dy chossyn er feie 78 bleeaney as v'eh ny chied chosneyder veih Nerin. Ta traieyn da markiaght tonn ry-gheddyn er coose heear Nerin, ayns [[An Leacht]] as [[Cooan Ghoon ny Ghoal]] er lheh, as ad foshlit da'n [[Yn Keayn Sheear|Cheayn Sheear]]. Ta cummey funnyl er Cooan Ghooan ny Ghoal as t'eh goaill greim er geayaghyn neear/neear yiass veih'n Cheayn Sheear, as t'ad croo emshyr vie da markiaght tonn, 'sy gheurey er lheh. Ayns ny bleeantyn jeianagh, haink markiaght tonn feniaghtagh ny h-Oarpey dys [[Bun Dobhráin]]. Ta [[thummey scuba]] çheet dy toshiaght ayns Nerin er oyr ny h-ushtaghyn gilley as earrooyn mooarey dy vioys marrey, rish y choose heear er lheh. Ta ram lhongvrishaghyn ry-akin rish coose Nerin lesh fir jeh ny thunnaghyn lhongvrishaghyn share ry-akin magh veih [[Cionn Mhálanna]] as magh veih coose [[Coontae Chorkee|Choontae Chorkee]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McDaid |first=Brendan |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/imported/shipwrecks-ahoy-in-area-13745285.html |title=Shipwrecks ahoy in area |publisher=Belfast Telegraph |date=2004-06-09 |accessdate=2010-03-27 }}</ref> Ta Nerin ny kione-jurnaa cadjin as ennoil son [[eeastagh]] lesh millaghyn dy loghyn, ny smoo na 14,000 km (8,700 mi) dy awinyn ta gymmyrkey eeastyn as ny smoo na 3,700 km (2,300 km) dy choose. Ta speyr honderagh Nerin cooie da eeastagh spoyrt. Tra ta breckeragh [[braddan]] as [[breck|brick]] foast ennoil lesh breckeyderyn, hooar eeasteyragh braddan aaniartaghey ayns 2006 lesh dooney eeasteragh lhieen troa braddan. Ta [[eeasteyragh garroo]] lhiassaghey dy beayn. Ta eeasteragh marrey lhiassit lesh ram traieyn currit er caslyssyn-çheerey as cowrit,<ref>{{cite web |title=Fishing in Ireland |publisher=Central and Regional Fisheries Boards |url=http://www.fishinginireland.info |accessdate=2010-03-26 }}</ref> as ta mychione 80 dooieyn dy eeastyn marrey.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sea Fishing in Ireland |publisher=Central and Regional Fisheries Boards |url=http://www.fishinginireland.info/sea |accessdate=2010-03-26 }}</ref> === Bee as jough === [[Coadan:Cheese 61 bg 080106.jpg|thumb|left|[[Caashey Gubbeen]], sampleyr jeh aa-anaase ayns jannoo caashey Yernagh]] Ta bee as coagyraght Yernagh goaill cleanaghyn veih ny [[troar]]yn ta lhiassit as ny [[baagh|beiyn]] ta troggit ayns speyr honderagh yn ellan as veih ny coryn sheshoil as politickagh ayns shennaghys Nerin. Myr sampleyr, car yn eash veih ny Mean Eashyn derrey çheet y [[praase|phraase]] 'sy 16-oo eash v'eh ny chowrey smoo jeh tarmaynys Nerin na bochillaght ollee, as va earroo ollee ec peiagh corrym rish y stayd sheshoil echey.<ref name="food_companion" >{{cite book |first1=Alan|last1=Davidson|first2=Tom|last2=Jaine |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Aah yn Ollee|year=2006 |pages=407–408 |isbn=0-19-280681-5 }}</ref> Er yn oyr shen, cha ren bochillyn buitçheraghey baa va troarey bainney.<ref name="food_companion" /> Er yn oyr shen, va feill vuc as feill vane ny smoo cadjin na feill vart, as ta slissagyn roauyr dy vagoon saillit as eeym hailjey nyn droyn sampleyragh jeh'n vee Yernagh veih ny Mean Eashyn.<ref name="food_companion" /> Va aght dy choyrt folley veih ollagh as dy mestey'n fuill lesh bainney as eeym (cosoylaght son y chooid smoo rish ny [[Maasai]]) ry-akin dy mennick<ref>{{cite|title=The History and Social Influence of the Potato|first1=Redcliffe Nathan|last1=Salaman|first2=William Glynn|last2=Burton|first3=John Gregory|last3=Hawkes|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|year=219|year=1985|page=218-219}}</ref> as ta [[putage ghoo]], ta jeant seose jeh fuill, grine ([[oarn]] son y chooid smoo) as blasstalys, foast ny h-anjeeal undinagh ayns Nerin. Ta dagh fer jeh ny cleanaghyn shen ry-akin ayns y "[[rolley anjeeal]]". Chur çheet stiagh y [[praase|phraase]] ayns lieh jerrinagh y 16-oo eash cleayney mooar er y choagyraght Yernagh veih shen magh. Chur boghtinys mooar creeaght ayns aght croit as 'sy 19-oo eash veanagh va'n chooid smoo jeh'n phobbyl gee bee va jeant seose jeh praaseyn as bainney.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garrow |first=John |title =Feast and Famine: a History of Food and Nutrition in Ireland 1500-1920 |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=95 |pages=160–161 |date=March 2002 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279494/ |accessdate=2010-03-30 |issn=1758-1095 }}</ref> Dee lught thie sampleyragh, va jeant seose jeh fer, ben, as kiare paitçhyn 18 claghyn (110 kg) dy phraaseyn dagh shiaghtyn.<ref name="food_companion" /> Rere shen, ta lhongaghyn ta coontit myr lhongaghyn ashoonagh cur seose neu-ghalaantaght vunneydagh rish coagyraght, lheid as yn [[anvroie Yernagh]], [[bagoon as caayl]], [[bacstaí]] (sorçh dy phannag phraase), ny [[caayl kionnan]], lhongey ta jeant seose jeh [[praaseyn lahnit]] as [[anvroie caayl]] ny [[caayl]].<ref name="food_companion" /> Veih'n cherroo jerrinagh jeh'n 20-oo eash, lesh çheet magh reesht yn argid ayns Nerin, ta "Coagyraght Yernagh Noa" er ny heet magh as ee bunnit er mynayrnyn tradishoonagh agh goaill stiagh cleanaghyn eddyrashoonagh.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ireland for Dummies |first=Elizabeth |last=Albertson |publisher=Wiley Publishing |location=Hoboken, NJ |year=2009 |isbn=0470105720|page=34}}</ref><ref>{{cite|title=Ireland|first=Fionn|last=Davenport|publisher=Lonely Planet |place=London|year=2008 |isbn=1741046963|page=65}}</ref> Ta'n choagyraght shen bunnit er glassraghyn oorey, eeastyn ([[braddan]]yn, [[breck|brick]], [[ooastyr]]yn, [[gob doo|gobyn doo]] as eastyn shliggagh elley), myrane lesh arranyn soda tradishoonagh as y reamys lheeadagh jeh caashaghyn laue-jeant ta troarit er feie ny çheerey. Ta'n praase foast ny hro bunneydagh jeh'n choagyraght shen as ta ny Yernee gee y chooid smoo jeh praaseyn rere dooiney<ref name="food_companion" /> mastey eederyn 'syn Oarpey. She sampleyr jeh'n choagyraght shen na "Dublin Lawyer": gimmagh ta aarlit ayns ushtey bea as key.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dublin|first1=Fionn|last1=Davenport|fist2=Martin|last2=Hughes|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Lunnin |year=2006 |isbn=1741047102 |page=15}}</ref> Ta bee ardjynagh tradishoonagh ry-gheddyn er feie ny çheerey, lheid as [[cadal]] ayns Divlyn ny [[drisín]] ayns Corkee, y daa jeu nyn sorçh dy [[pronnag|phronnag]], ny [[blaa]], arran teaystagh bane ta ry-gheddyn ayns [[Purt Largey]]. [[Coadan:Distillerie OldBushmills.jpg|thumb|right|Yn [[Old Bushmills Distillery]], [[Coontae Aontrym]]]] Keayrt va Nerin ny çheer smoo scanshoil son troarey [[ushtey bea]], as va 90% jeh ushtey bea 'sy theihll troarit ayn rish toshiaght y 20-oo eash. Ansherbee, myr eiyrtys jeh ny smuggleyderyn alcoal car y [[Meelowalys ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit|veelowalys ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] (as ushtey vea jeh drogh-whaalid er ny chreck lesh enmyn "Yernagh" orroo as eh shen jeeilley yn foayr cadjin son cowraghyn Yernagh)<ref>{{cite book|title=The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture|first=W. J. |last1=McCormack |publisher=Blackwell |location=Aah yn Ollee|year=2001 |isbn=0631165258|page=170 }}</ref> as myr eiyrtys jeh ny [[custym]]yn er ushtey bea Yernagh harrish [[yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] car y [[Caggey Traghtee Anglo-Yernagh|Chaggey Traghtee Anglo-Yernagh]] ayns ny 1930yn,<ref>{{cite|first1=Brian |last1=Leavy |first2=David |last2=Wilson |title=Strategy and Leadership|publisher=Routledge|location=Lunnin|year=1994|page=63}}</ref> huitt creck jeh ushtey bea Yernagh er feie ny cruinney gys 2% rish mean y 20-oo eash.<ref>{{cite news |first1=Conor |last1=O'Clery|title=Whiskey Resists the Downturn|publisher=GlobalPost|date=25 Toshiaght Arree |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/ireland/090225/whiskey-resists-the-downturn |accessdate=2010-04-05 }}</ref> Ayns 1953, rere creear veih'n reiltys Yernagh, v'eh feddynit magh nagh row [[ushtey bea Yernagh]] er fys ec 50% jeh iuderyn ushtey bea ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Jack |last1=Blocker |first2=David |last2=Fahey |first3=Ian|last3=Tyrrell|title=Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara|year=2003 |isbn=1576078337|page=653}}</ref> Ansherbee, va iu yn ushtey bea Yernagh foast ennoil ayns Nerin, as ayns ny jeihaghtyn jeianagh, ta'n ushtey bea Yernagh girree ny smoo scanshoil er feie ny cruinney.<ref name="not_luck">{{cite news|title=Irish Whiskey's Growth Not Just About Luck|date=2009-03-19|first=Christina|last=Berk|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/29636538/Irish_Whiskey_s_Growth_Not_Just_About_Luck|publisher=CNBC|accessdate=2010-04-04|archivedate=2012-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606171645/http://www.cnbc.com/id/29636538/Irish_Whiskey_s_Growth_Not_Just_About_Luck}}</ref> Dy cadjin, cha nel ushtey bea Yernagh cha jaaghagh as [[ushtey bea Albinagh]], agh cha nel eh cha millish as [[ushtey bea Americaanagh]] ny [[ushtey bea Canadagh|Canadagh]].<ref name="not_luck"/> Ta'n ushtey bea ny vun da [[Kay Yernagh|liggooryn kay]], lheid as [[Baileys Irish Cream|Baileys]], as ta'n "[[caffee Yernagh]]" ([[jinlag]] dy chaffee as ushtey bea va cummit, rere rish, ayns [[Faing|stashoon etlan marrey Faing]]) coontit myr y jinlag Yernagh smoo ennoil, foddee. Ta [[Lhune doo|bainney ny baa doo]], sorçh dy lhune doo, as [[Guinness]] er lheh, kianglt rish Nerin dy mennick, agh v'eh kianglt rish [[Lunnin]] dy bunneydagh. Ta bainney ny baa doo foast ennoil ayns Nerin, agh t'eh er choayl e foayr veih mean y 20-oo eash da [[lhune freillagh]]. Ta [[lhune ooyl]], as Bulmers er lheh (t'er ny chreck çheumooie jeh [[Pobblaght Nerin]] myr ''[[Magners]]''), ny yough ennoil chammah. Ta'n jough ghlass [[limonaid yiarg]] iuit lhee hene as myr mesteyder, lesh ushtey bea er lheh.<ref>{{cite|title=Unlike: Webster's Quotations, Facts and Phrases|publisher=Icon Group International|location=San Diego|year=2008|page=516}}</ref> == Jeeagh er neesht == * [[Steatyn Yernagh veih'n vlein 1171]] * [[Rolley ellanyn rheynnit]] * [[Rolley ellanyn Nerin]] * [[Pobblaght Nerin]] * [[Nerin Hwoaie]] == Noteyn == <references group="Note"/> == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn|3}} == Claare lioaragh == {{ToshiaghtImraa|2}} * {{cite book | last = Arnold | first = Bruce | title = Irish Art: A Concise History | publisher = Thames & Hudson | year = 1977 | location = Lunnin | page = 180 | isbn = 0-500-20148-X }} * {{cite book | last = Becker| first = Annette | authorlink = | coauthors = Wang, Wilfried | title = 20th-century Architecture: Ireland | publisher = Prestel | year = 1997 | location = München | page = 198 | isbn = 3-7913-1719-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Collins | first = Neil | coauthors = Cradden, Terry | title = Irish Politics Today | publisher = [[Manchester University Press]] | year = 2001 | location = Manchuin, RU | page = 163 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=081Qopn2zbUC | isbn = 0-71906-174-1 }} * {{Cite book|last=Cullinane|first= J.P.|year=1973|title=Phycology of the south coast of Ireland|publisher= University College Cork}} * {{cite book | last = Dennison | first = Gabriel | coauthors = Ní Fhloinn, Bairbre | title = Traditional Architecture in Ireland | publisher = Environmental Institute, University College Dublin | year = 1994 | location = Divlyn | page = 94 | isbn = 1-898473-09-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Dooney | first = Sean | coauthors = O'Toole, John | title = Irish Government Today | publisher = Gill and Macmillan | year = 1992 | location = Divlyn | page = 247 | url = http://www.gillmacmillan.ie/Ecom/Library3.nsf/CatalogByCategory/86E3F0EC0519FDAF80256AE000373702?OpenDocument | isbn = 0-71711-703-0 | access-date = 2010-04-03 | archive-date = 2006-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060923222323/http://www.gillmacmillan.ie/Ecom/Library3.nsf/CatalogByCategory/86E3F0EC0519FDAF80256AE000373702?OpenDocument | url-status = dead }} * {{cite book |last=Ellis |first=Steven G. |title=The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland |year=1921 |publisher=The Irish Publishing Co |location=Nerin |page=768 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YPgEAAAACAAJ |isbn=0-517-06408-1 }} * {{Cite book|last= Fairley|first= J.S.|year= 1975|title=An Irish Beast Book. A Natural History of Ireland's Furred Wildlife|publisher= Blackstaff Press, Beeal Feirshtey|isbn= 85640 090 4}} * {{cite book | last = Foster | first = Robert Fitzroy | authorlink = R. F. Foster (screeudeyr shennaghys) | title = Modern Ireland, 1600-1972 | publisher = Penguin Books | year = 1988 | location = | page = 688 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=h95zAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 | isbn = 0-7139-9010-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Hackney, P. Ed. | title =Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland | publisher =Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University | year = 1992 | location = Beeal Feirshtey| isbn = 0 85 389 4469}} * {{cite Journal | last =Haigh | first =A. | coauthors =Lawton, C. | title =Wild mammals of an Irish urban forest | journal=The Irish Naturalists' Journal | volume=28 | issue=10 | pages=395–403 | publisher = I.N.J. Committee | location =Beeal Feirshtey | year =2007 | issn =0021-1311 }} * {{Cite book|last1=Hardy|first1= F.G.|last2= Guiry|first2= M.D.|year= 2006|title=A Check-list and Atlas of the Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland|edition=revised|pages= x + 435|place= Lunnin |publisher= British Phycological Society, available from Koeltz Books, Germany|isbn= 3-906166-35-X}} * {{Cite book | last = Herm | first = Gerhard | year = 2002 | title = The Celts | place = Nerin | publisher = St. Martin's Press | isbn = 0312313438 }} * {{Cite journal|last=Knowles|first= M.C.|year= 1929|title= The Lichens of Ireland|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy|volume=38|pages=179– 434}} * {{Cite book|last=Morton|first= O.|year= 1994|title= Marine Algae of Northern Ireland|publisher= Ulster Museum|isbn= 0 900761 28 8}} * {{Cite journal|last=Morton|first= O.|year= 2003|title= The marine algae macroalgae of County Donegal, Ireland|journal=Bulletin Irish biogeog. Society|volume=27|pages=3–164}} * {{Cite book | last = Nunn | first = J.D. | title = Marine Biodiversity in Ireland and Adjacent Waters | place = Beeal Feirshtey| publisher = Ulster Museum | year = 2002 | volume = Proceedings of a Conference 26–27 April 2001 | edition = Publication no. 8 }} * {{cite book | last = Ó Cróinín | first = Dáibhí | authorlink = Dáibhí Ó Cróinín | title = Prehistoric and Early Ireland | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2005 | location = Aah yn Ollee, RU | page = 1219 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=SJSDj1dDvNUC | isbn = 0-19821-737-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Ó Gráda | first = Cormac | title = A Rocky Road: The Irish Economy Since the 1920s | publisher = Manchester University Press | year = 1997 | location = | page = 246 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=zVHgO4-nkhkC | isbn = 0-71904-584-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Oppenheimer | first = Stephen | title = Origins of the British: A Genetic Detective Story | publisher = [[Carroll & Graf]] | year = 2006 | location = York Noa | page = 534 | isbn = 0-78671-890-0 }} * {{Cite book | last = O'Rahilly | first = T. F. | author-link =T. F. O'Rahilly | year = 1947 | title = Early Irish History and Mythology | place = SUA | publisher = Medieval Academy of America}} * {{cite book | last =Scannell | first =Mary J.P. | coauthors =Synnott, Donal M. | title =Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland | publisher =Department of Agriculture & Fisheries | year =1972 | location =Divlyn }} * {{Cite journal|last=Seaward|first= M.R.D.|year= 1984|title=Census Catalogue of Irish Lichens|journal=Glasra|volume=8|pages= 1–32}} * {{cite book | last = Woodcock | first = N.H. | coauthors = Strachan, Robin A. | title = Geological History of Britain and Ireland | publisher = [http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/contents.asp?ref=9780632036561&site=1 Blackwell Publishing] | year = 2000 | location = Hoboken, New Jersey | page = 423 | url = http://books.google.ie/books?id=dTkKn8Ufzd4C | isbn = 0-63203-656-7 }} * {{cite book | last = Wallis | first = Geoff | coauthors = Wilson, Sue | title = The Rough Guide to Irish Music | publisher = [[Rough Guides]] | year = 2001 | location = | page = 599 | isbn = 1-85828-642-5 }} {{JerreyImraa}} == Kianglaghyn mooie == {{commonscat|Ireland (island)|Nerin}} * [http://www.gov.ie/ Reiltys Nerin] * [http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/ Çhionnal Nerin Hwoaie] {{Yn Europey}} {{Celtee}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Nerin| ]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn rheynnit]] [[Ronney:Yn Oarpey Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Yn Oarpey Heear]] [[Ronney:Ny h-Ellanyn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn as thallooyn Celtiagh]] kjgmltykb8pkl7pikcbhxjbuh08nu7t Yn Ungaar 0 1874 393606 381147 2026-09-25T03:08:45Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys çheer |ennym_dooghyssagh = Yn Ungaar |ennym_foddey_cadjincliaghtagh= {{nobold|Magyarország {{small|([[Ungaarish]])}}}} |ennym_gienneydagh = yn Ungaar |jalloo_brattagh = Flag of Hungary.svg |jalloo_cleinney = Coat of Arms of Hungary.svg |jalloo_caslys = EU-Hungary.svg |jarroo-raa = |arrane_ashoonagh = "[[Himnusz]]"<br />"Hymn"{{parabr}}{{center|[[Coadan:Hungarian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band (1997 arrangement).mp3]]}} |çhengaghyn_oikoil = [[Ungaarish]] |çhengaghyn_ardjynagh = |possanyn_kynneeagh = |preeu-valley = [[Budapest]] |latd=47 |latm=26 |latNS=N |longd=19 |longm=15 |longEW=E |latNSgael=Hwoaie |longEWgael=Hiar |balley_smoo = preeu-valley |sorçh_reiltys = [[Pobblaght pharlamaidagh unnaneagh]] |enmys1_fer-toshee = [[Eaghtyrane yn Ungaar|Eaghtyrane]] |ennym1_fer-toshee = [[Tamás Sulyok]] |enmys2_fer-toshee = [[Ard-vinishter yn Ungaar|Ard-vinishter]] |ennym2_fer-toshee = [[Péter Magyar]] |dateEUentreilys = 1 Boaldyn 2004 |eaghtyr_km2 = 93,030 |eaghtyr_mi_ker = 35,919 |eaghtyr_rhenk = 109oo |ushtey_sy_cheead = 0.74 |pobble_ooley = 10,041,000 |blein_ooley_pobble = 2008 |rhenk_ooley_pobble = 79oo |pobble_coontey = {{WD Earroo yn Phobble cour Kishtey Fys}} |blein_coontey_pobble = |rhenk_coontey_pobble = |glooaght_pobble_km2 = 109 |glooaght_pobble_mi_ker = 282 |rhenk_glooaght_pobble = 94oo |quaiyl = |blein_LTS_CCK = 2008 |LTS_CCK = $198.7 billoon |rhenk_LTS_CCK = 43oo |LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = $19,800 |rhenk_LTS_CCK_yn_dooinney = 39oo |LTS_ennymagh = $159.3 billoon |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh = |blein_LTS_ennymagh = |LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |rhenk_LTS_ennymagh_yn_dooinney = |Gini = 24.96 |blein_Gini = 2008 |ronney_Gini = <span style="color:#090">injil</span> |rhenk_Gini = 3oo |blein_ALD = 2007 |ALD = {{bishaghey}} 0.874 |rhenk_ALD = 36oo |ronney_ALD = <span style="color:#090">ard</span> |sorçh_kiondeeaght = [[Shennaghys yn Ungaar|Crooaght]] |note_kiondeeaght = |taghyrt1_bunnit = [[Prinsaght yn Ungaar]] |date1_bunnit = 895 |taghyrt2_bunnit = [[Reeriaght yn Ungaar]] |date2_bunnit = 25 Nollick 1000 |taghyrt3_bunnit = [[Yn Austeyr-Ungaar]] |date3_bunnit = 30 Mayrnt 1867 |taghyrt4_bunnit = [[Shennaghys yn Ungaar#Treeoo Pobblaght|Y Treeoo Pobblaght]] |date4_bunnit = 23 Jerrey Fouyir 1989 |argid = [[Forint yn Ungaar|Forint]] |coad_argid = HUF |traa_ynnydagh = [[Traa ynnydagh yn Oarpey Veanagh|CET]] |ashchur_utc = +1 |traa_ynnydagh_TTLS = [[Traa souree yn Oarpey Veanagh|CEST]] |ashchur_utc_TTLS = +2 |cctld = [[.hu]]<sup>1</sup> |coad_çhellvane = 36 |fo-note1 = Ta [[.eu]] ymmydit myrane lesh çheeraghyn elley [[yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]]. }} She [[çheer thallooinit]] 'syn [[Yn Oarpey Veanagh|Oarpey Veanagh]]<ref name="Flaw">{{cite web|url=http://www.kormany.hu/download/e/02/00000/The%20New%20Fundamental%20Law%20of%20Hungary.pdf|title=The Fundamental Law of Hungary|publisher=Hungarian State|access-date=8 Boaldyn 2017|archive-date=29 Mean Souree 2014|language=Baarle|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629205136/http://www.kormany.hu/download/e/02/00000/The%20New%20Fundamental%20Law%20of%20Hungary.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ee yn '''Ungaar''' ({{lang-hu|Magyarország}}). T'ee coodaghey ayrn mooar jeh [[Awintragh Pannonia|Awintragh Carpathia]], as t'ee çhemmal rish y [[Yn Clovack|Clovack]] 'sy twoaie, rish yn [[Yn Ookraan|Ookraan]] 'sy niar hwoaie, rish y [[Yn Romaan|Romaan]] 'sy niar as 'sy niar yiass, rish y [[Yn Serb|Terb]] 'sy jiass, rish y [[Yn Chroit|Chroit]] as y [[Yn Clovean|Clovean]] 'sy neear yiass, as rish yn [[Yn Austeyr|Austeyr]] 'sy neear. Ta'n Ungaar soit ayns awin-tragh yn awin [[Danube]] as ta [[thalloo rea|thallooyn rea]] mooarey jannoo kioneys er y chooid smoo jeh'n çheer. Ta {{WD Earroo yn Phobble}} sleih cummal ayn, as she [[Ungaaree]] chynneeagh y chooid smoo jeu cur liorish [[Romaneeyn 'syn Ungaar|mynlagh Romanee scanshoil]]. She yn [[Ungaarish]] y [[Çhengaghyn yn Ungaar|çhengey oikoil]], çhengey ta coontit mastey y [[Çhengaghyn yn Oarpey|possan beg dy hengaghyn 'syn Oarpey]] nagh vel ny [[çhengaghyn Ind-Oarpagh|çhengey Ind-Oarpagh]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-22 |title=Hungary {{!}} History, Map, Flag, Population, Currency, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Hungary |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> She [[Budapest]], laare cultooragh as tarmaynagh y çheer, y preeu-valley as yn [[Rolley ard-valjyn as baljyn 'syn Ungaar|ard-valley smoo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-22 |title=Hungary - Rivers, Plains, Soils {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Hungary/Drainage-and-soils |access-date=2024-12-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Péter |first=László |title=Budapest |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Budapest |website=Britannica}}</ref> Roish bunneeaght y chied steat Ungaaragh, ren mooinjeryn eigsoylagh cummal 'sy thalloo haink dy ve enmyssit yn Ungaar, goaill stiagh ny [[Celtiee]], ny [[Yn Çhenn Raue|Shenn Rauee]], ny [[Hunee]], [[mooinjeryn Germaanagh]], ny [[Avaree Pannonia|h-Avaree]], as ny [[Slavee]]. Ta staydys steat yn Ungaar goll cha foddey sheear as [[Prinsaght yn Ungaar]], va bunnit 'sy nuyoo eash yeianagh liorish [[Álmos]] as e vac [[Árpád]] trooid [[Barriaght Ungaaragh er Awintragh Carpathia|barriaght er Awintragh Carpathia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/09100/09132/09132.pdf|title=Hungary in the Carpathian Basin|date=6 Mean Souree 2017|publisher=Lajos Gubcsi|access-date=6 Mean Souree 2017}}</ref><ref name="Acta orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae">{{cite book|title=Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNkTAQAAMAAJ|volume=36|year=1982|publisher=Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Academee Oaylleeaghtyn yn Ungaar)|page=419}}</ref> Hoie Ree [[Steaon I yn Ungaar|Steaon I]] er y troyn ayns 1000 as hyndaa eh e rheaym myr [[Reeriaght yn Ungaar (1000–1301)|reeriaght Creestee]]. She pooar Oarpagh va [[Reeriaght yn Ungaar|Reeriaght vean-eashagh yn Ungaar]], as haink eh gys [[Reeriaght yn Ungaar (1301–1526)|e vullagh ayns ny Mean Eashyn Jeianagh]].<ref>Kristó Gyula – Barta János – Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (Shennaghys yn Ungaar veih'n roie-hennaghys dys 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, {{ISBN|963-9252-56-5}}, dg. 687, dgn. 37, dgn. 113, dgn. 616–644</ref> Lurg earish foddey jeh [[Caggaghyn Ottomanagh–Ungaaragh|caggaghyn noi ny h-Ottomanee]], va forsaghyn yn Ungaar currit fo haart ec [[Cah Mohács]] ayns 1526 as va e phreeu-valley [[Buda]] [[Çhennid Buda (1541)|goit]] ayns 1541, goaill toshiagh rish earish ny s'odjey na 150 bleeaney raad va'n çheer rheynnit magh ayns tree ayrn: [[yn Ungaar Reeoil]] (leighalagh da ny [[Reeraghtys Habsburg|Habsburgee]]), [[yn Ungaar Ottomanagh]], as [[Prinsaght Transylvania (1570–1711)|Prinsaght Transylvania]] va neuchrogheydagh er y chooid smoo. Chur ny h-Ottomanee enney da coayl yn Ungaar Ottomanagh liorish [[Conaant Karlowitz]] ayns 1699. Va'n chooid smoo jeh'n Ungaar aa-unnaneysit as haink eh stiagh fo reirey Habsburgagh roish cassey yn 18oo eash. Haghyr caggaghyn seyrsnys noi ny Habsburgee ayns [[Caggey Neuchrogheydys Rákóczi|1703–1711]] as [[Bun-chaghlaa yn Ungaar, 1848|1848–1849]] as, kyndagh rish shen, ren [[Coardailys Austeyr-Ungaaragh, 1867|coardailys eddyr y daa heu]] chur [[Yn Austeyr-Ungaar|Monarkaght yn Austeyr-Ungaar]] ayns 1867, [[Poor mooar|pooar mooar]] 'sy 20oo eash leah.<ref name=":2">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Austria-Hungary|title=Austria-Hungary, HISTORICAL EMPIRE, EUROPE|date=6 Mean Souree 2017|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=6 Mean Souree 2017}}</ref> Huitt yn Austeyr-Ungaar lurg y [[Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]] as chur [[Conaant Trianon]], haink ny yei, joaraghyn roie yn Ungaar er bun ayns 1920 tra chaill yn Ungaar 71% jeh eaghtyr y çheer, y chooid smoo jeh'n tarmaynys eck, 58% jeh'n phobble, as [[Eebyrtys ny h-Ungaaree|32% jeh'n phobble Ungaaragh kynneeagh]] eck.<ref>{{cite book|author=Richard C. Frucht|title=Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C|date=31 Nollick 2004|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-800-6|page=360}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Trianon, Treaty of|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-TrianonTr.html|encyclopedia=The [[Columbia Encyclopedia]]|year=2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Text of the Treaty, Treaty of Peace Between The Allied and Associated Powers and Hungary And Protocol and Declaration, Signed at Trianon June 4, 1920|url=http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Trianon|access-date=10 Mean Souree 2009}}</ref> As eh foast craa lurg eiyrtys y chaggey, ren yn Ungaar ymmyrkey corvaal 'syn [[Yn Ungaar eddyr ny Caggaghyn Dowanagh|earish eddyr-chaggee]] leah, goaill jerrey rish reiltys [[Cumaadaghys ashoonagh|cumaadagh ashoonagh]] y reireyder [[Lhiass-ree yn Ungaar|Lhiass-ree]] [[Miklós Horthy]]. Heuee yn Ungaar rish [[pooaraghyn yn Essylys]] car y [[Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]], as hurree ee jeeyl vooar as ram guintee.<ref name="Montgomery">[http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=7&pre=1 ''Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216070442/http://historicaltextarchive.com/books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=7&pre=1 |date=16 Toshiaght Arree 2007 }} [http://kapos.hu/hirek/kis_szines/2018-06-16/megerkezett_az_idei_balaton_sound_himnusza.html John F. Montgomery, ''Hungary: The Unwilling Satellite''.] Devin-Adair Company, York Noa, 1947. Aa-chloue: Simon Publications, 2002.</ref><ref name="Thomas, dg. 11">Thomas, ''The Royal Hungarian Army in World War II'', dg. 11</ref> V'ee ruegit as cummaltit liorish yn [[Yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh|Unnaneys Soveidjagh]], chur [[Deynphobblaght yn Ungaar]] er bun myr [[fo-steat]]. Lurg y [[Bun-chaghlaa yn Ungaar, 1956|vun-chaghlaa anraahoil ayns 1956]], haink yn Ungaar dy ve [[Cummynys Goulash|ny seyrey]] agh hannee ee myr oltey castit jeh'n [[Yn Bloc Hiar|Vloc Hiar]]. Myr ayrn jeh [[Bun-chaghlaaghyn 1989]], hyndaa yn Ungaar stiagh ayns [[pobblaght pharlamaidagh]] [[pobblaght gheynlagh|gheynlagh]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=1989. évi XXXI. törvény az Alkotmány módosításáról|trans-title=Slattys XXXI jeh'n vlein 1989 bentyn rish Lhiasaghey da'n Vunraght|journal=Magyar Közlöny|publisher=Pallas Lap- és Könyvkiadó Vállalat|location=Budapest|volume=44|issue=74|page=1219|language=hu|date=23 Jerrey Fouyir 1989}}</ref> Hie ee stiagh 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]] ayns 2004 as ayns [[Ard Schengen]] ayns 2007. Ta tarmaynys lesh çheet-stiagh ard ec yn Ungaar, marish [[kiarail slaynt 'syn Ungaar|kiarail slaynt co-chadjin]] as mean ynsagh gyn taillaghyn-ynsee.<ref name="auto">{{cite journal|author=OECD|date=27 Mean Souree 2013|title=OECD Health Data: Social protection|journal=OECD Health Statistics (Database)|doi=10.1787/data-00544-en|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/data/oecd-health-statistics/oecd-health-data-social-protection_data-00544-en|access-date=14 Jerrey Souree 2013|archive-date=2014-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103053845/http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/data/oecd-health-statistics/oecd-health-data-social-protection_data-00544-en|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="europa">{{cite web|url=http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/facts_and_figures/compulsory_education_EN.pdf|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20131106181321/http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/facts_and_figures/compulsory_education_EN.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 Sauin 2013|title=Compulsory Education in Europe 2013/2014|publisher=Yn Commishoon Oarpagh|access-date=19 Boaldyn 2014|author=Eurydice}}</ref> Ta shennaghys berçhagh ec yn Ungaar ayns ny [[Ellyn Ungaaragh|h-ellynyn]], 'sy [[Kiaull yn Ungaar|chiaull]], 'sy [[Lettyraght Ungaaragh|lettyraght]], ayns ny [[Spoyrt 'syn Ungaar|spoyrtyn]], as ayns [[sheanse as çhaghnoaylleeaght 'syn Ungaar|sheanse as çhaghnoaylleeaght]] as ram contoyrtyssyn currit daue.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mta.hu/english/hungarys-nobel-prize-winners-106018|work=[[Academee Oaylleeaghtyn yn Ungaar]]|title=Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners, 13 Hungarian win Nobel Prize yet|access-date=2 Averil 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Population per Gold Medal. Hungary has the second highest gold medal per capita in the world. All together it has 175 gold medal until 2016.|url=http://www.medalspercapita.com/#golds-per-capita:all-time|work=medalspercapita.com|access-date=18 Mean Souree 2017|archive-date=30 Jerrey Souree 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730144712/http://www.medalspercapita.com/#golds-per-capita:all-time|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Britannic .=">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276684/Hungarian-literature ''Hungarian literature – ”Popular poetry is the only real poetry was the opinion of Sándor Petőfi, one of the greatest Hungarian poets, whose best poems rank among the masterpieces of world literature”''.], ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', lhieggan 2012</ref><ref>Ta Szalipszki, dg.12<br />cur screeu dy vel y çheer "coontit dy lheeadagh" myr "thie yn chiaull".</ref> She kione-jurnaa turryssid feer ennoil 'syn Oarpey t'ee, as hayrn ee 24.5 millioon dy cheayrtee eddyrashoonagh ayns 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=STADAT – 4.5.3. The number of inbound trips to Hungary and the related expenditures by motivation (2009–)|url=https://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_annual/i_ogt004c.html|access-date=2022-06-02|website=Ard-Oik Staddyssaghtoil yn Ungaar}}</ref> She oltey ram reagheydyssyn eddyrashoonagh ta'n Ungaar, goaill stiagh [[Coonseil yn Oarpey]], yn [[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|Unnaneys Oarpagh]], [[Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]], ny [[Ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit|h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]], [[Reagheydys Slaynt y Dowan]], [[Reagheydys Traght y Dowan]], [[Banc ny Cruinney]], [[Banc Baighey-argid Bun-troggalys yn Aishey]], as [[Possan Visegrád]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true|title=International organizations in Hungary|publisher=Shirveishaght Cooishyn Joarree|access-date=20 Sauin 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313115736/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kum2005/Templates/alapsablon.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fkum%2Fen%2Fbal%2Fforeign_policy%2Fun_sc%2Finternational_organisations.htm&NRNODEGUID=%7B45550E06-66FE-4183-A899-EDF5BD040EB5%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest&printable=true|archive-date=13 Mayrnt 2016}}</ref> == Imraaghyn == {{reflist}} {{yn Europey}} {{Çheeraghyn yn Unnaneys Oarpagh}} {{RCAH}} {{Coord|47|N|20|E|display=title}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ungaar}} [[Ronney:Yn Ungaar| ]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 895]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn thallooinit|Ungaar]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Reagheydys Chonaant yn Atlantagh Hwoaie]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Unnaneys Oarpagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Choonseil yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Unnaneys y Veanvooir]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey Ventyrys ny Tree Mooiraghyn]] [[Ronney:Pobblaghtyn|Ungaar]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1000]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1920]] [[Ronney:Steatyn as thallooyn bunnit ayns ny 890yn]] [[Ronney:Steatyn Creestee]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-baght Reagheydys ny Steatyn Turkagh]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn-oltey yn RCTL]] 09oq5i9cvc4gpq5s3ciz19ifvy9viww Slieau Aragats 0 4010 393602 386246 2026-09-25T02:29:32Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys slieau | ennym = Slieau Aragats | jalloo = Mount Aragats 2020-05-11.jpg | fo-heidyl = | yrjid_m = 4090 | imraa_yrjid = <ref name="gvp"/><ref name="cadastre"/> | yrjid_chonastagh_m = 2143 | imraa_yrjid_chonastagh = <ref>{{cite web|title=High prominence mountains in Caucasus and Russia outside of Europe.|url=http://www.ii.uib.no/~petter/mountains/caucasus.html|website=ii.uib.no|publisher=Institutt for informatikk [[Ollooscoil Bergen]]|access-date=2024-09-14|archive-date=2004-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041116160037/http://www.ii.uib.no/~petter/mountains/caucasus.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | reayn = [[Yn Choagaash Veg]], [[Thalloo Sleitoil yn Armeain]] | rolley = {{hlist|[[Rolley çheeraghyn rere y boayl s'yrjey|Y boayl s'yrjey 'sy çheer]]|[[Mullagh lesh feer-yrjid chonastagh|Feer-vullagh]]}} | çheer = yn Armeain | sorçh_steat = [[Rheynnyn reiragh yn Armeain|Queiggaghyn]] | steat = {{enum| [[Queiggey Aragatsotn|Aragatsotn]] | [[Queiggey Shirak|Shirak]]}} | sorçh_balley = Baljyn | balley = {{enum|[[Artik]]|[[Aparan]]|[[Talin, Armenia|Talin]]|[[Oshakan]]|[[Byurakan]]}} | caslys-çheerey = Yn Armeain | fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey = Soiaghey 'syn Armeain | coordnaidyn = {{coord|40|32|00|N|44|12|00|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | topo = | sorçh = [[Stratavolcaan]] | eash = [[Holoseenagh]]<ref name="gvp"/> | bruightey_jerrinagh = Gyn fys<ref name="gvp"/> | kied_drappal = Jerrey Souree 1843<br />[[Khachatur Abovian]] as [[Moritz Wagner (najooragh)|Moritz Wagner]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ketchian |first=Philip K. |title=Climbing Ararat: Then and Now |journal=[[The Armenian Weekly]] |volume=71 |issue=52 |date=24 Nollick 2005 |url=http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/fea12240501.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908015245/http://www.hairenik.com/armenianweekly/fea12240501.htm |archive-date=8 Mean Fouyir 2009 }}</ref> | embedded = {{Infobox mapframe |id=Q203568}} }} Ta '''Slieau Aragats''' ({{lang-hy|Արագած}}) ny voayl s'yrjey 'syn [[Yn Armeain|Armeain]] as t'eh soit ayns queiggey [[Queiggey Aragatsotn|Aragatsotn]], sheear hwoaie veih [[Yerevan]]. T'eh ny [[volcaan#Stratavolcaan|stratavolcaan]] lomarcan anvio lesh kiare mullee as adsyn kiaddey oirr y veeal, as t'eh ny chione jurnaa ennoil da slieaueyderyn ynnydagh. Ta [[Thie Rollageydys Byurakan]] as [[Amberd|doon mean-eashagh Amberd]] soit er lhargee y clieau. ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist|3|refs= <ref name="gvp">{{cite gvp|vn=214060|name=Aragats}}</ref> <ref name="cadastre">{{cite book|script-title=hy:Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Ֆիզիկաաշխարհագրական օբյեկտների համառոտ տեղեկատու-բառարան|trans-title=Fockleyr ny Reddyn Fishigagh-Çheer-oaylleeagh ayns Pobblaght yn Armeain|year=2007|publisher=Bing Steat y Chadastar Cooid Hallooin|url=http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_907653908_fizashx._bar.pdf|page=15|language=hy|access-date=2024-09-14|archive-date=2018-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517022426/http://www.cadastre.am/storage/files/pages/pg_907653908_fizashx._bar.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} {{Commons category|Mount Aragats|Slieau Aragats}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aragats}} [[Ronney:Volcaanyn fo-ghuctit]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn yn Armeain]] [[Ronney:Sleityn yn Armeain]] [[Ronney:Volcaanyn yl-ghientynagh]] [[Ronney:Stratavolcaanyn Plioseenagh]] [[Ronney:Stratavolcaanyn Pleistoseenagh]] [[Ronney:Stratavolcaanyn Holoseenagh]] [[Ronney:Çheer-oaylleeaght Wheiggey Aragatsotn]] [[Ronney:Sleityn eddyr 4000 as 5000 meadaryn]] [[Ronney:Stratavolcaanyn yn Aishey]] 62pa0gx3f7x3ikpoxxt8omyqlyjnbpo Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh 0 4067 393607 385095 2026-09-25T03:08:48Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys sheshaght |jarroo-raa =Unnaneaght 'sy chaghlaays |caslys-çheerey =Global European Union.svg |kione-cherroo ={{Ubl|[[Yn Vrussyl|Y Vrussyl]]|[[Lucsemburg (caayr)|Lucsemburg]]|[[Strasbourg]]}} |olteynys =[[Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh#Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Unnaneys Oarpagh|27]] |enmys_fer-toshee =[[Eaghtyrane y Choonseil Oarpagh]] |ennym_fer-toshee =[[Charles Michel]] |enmys_fer-toshee2=[[Eaghtyrane y Chommishoon Oarpagh|Eaghtyrane y Chommishoon]] |ennym_fer-toshee2=[[Ursula von der Leyen]] |enmys_fer-toshee3=[[Eaghtyrane Pharlamaid yn Oarpey]] |ennym_fer-toshee3=[[Roberta Metsola]] }} Ta'n '''Unnaneys Oarpagh''' ('''UO''') ny heshaght harmaynagh as pholitickagh eddyr 27 steat [[Yn Oarpey|Oarpagh]]. V'eh bunnit 'sy vlein 1993 rere [[Conaant Maastricht]]. T'eh ny luightagh jeh'n [[Yn Boodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh|Voodeeys Tarmaynagh Oarpagh]]. 'Sy vlein 2020 va begnagh 447 millioonyn dy chummaltee ayn. == Shennaghys == Va'n Unnaneys bunnit myr [[Cohionnal Oarpagh ry-hoi Geayl as Staillin]] rere [[Conaant Phaarys]] 'sy vlein [[1951]], as ayns 1957 va [[Conaant ny Raue]] screeuit. V'eh shen bunnoo y [[Cohionnal Tayrmanagh Oarpagh|Chohionnal Tayrmanagh Oarpagh]]. V'ad [[yn Rank|y Rank]], [[Pobblaght Chonastagh y Ghermaan]], [[yn Iddaal]], [[Yn Velg|y Velg]], [[Lucsemburg]] as [[yn Çheer Injil|y Çheer Injil]] ny çheeraghyn v'ayn ec y traa shen. == Çheeraghyn-oltey yn Unnaneys Oarpagh == {{Caslys çheerey yn Unnaneys Oarpagh (gorrym)}} Ta'n Unnaneys Oarpagh jeant seose jeh 27 çheer seyr as yn ennym steat-oltey currit orroo: [[yn Austeyr]], [[yn Cheeprey|y Cheeprey]], [[Yn Çheer Injil|y Çheer Injil]], [[Yn Chroit|y Chroit]], [[yn Clovack|y Clovack]], [[Yn Clovean|y Clovean]], [[yn Danvarg|y Danvarg]], [[yn Estaan]], [[Finnlynn]], [[Yn Ghermaan|y Ghermaan]], [[Yn Ghreag|y Ghreag]], [[yn Iddaal]], [[Yn Latvey|y Latvey]], [[Yn Litaan|y Litaan]], [[Lucsemburg]], [[Pobblaght Nerin|Nerin]], [[Yn Pholynn|y Pholynn]], [[Yn Phortiugal|y Phortiugal]], [[Yn Phobblaght Çheck|y Phobblaght Çheck]], [[Yn Rank|y Rank]], [[Yn Romaain|y Romaain]], [[Yn Spaainey|y Spaainey]], [[Yn Toolynn|y Toolynn]], [[yn Ungaar]], [[Yn Valta|y Valta]], [[Yn Velg|y Velg]] as [[Yn Vulgeyr|y Vulgeyr]]. Ta daa heer geearree çheet stiagh dy h-oikoil 'syn Unnaneys, [[Pobblaght ny Massadoan|Shenn-phobblaght Yugoslaavagh ny Massadoan]] (SPYM), as [[Yn Turkee|y Turkee]]. Ta ny çheeraghyn Balkanagh heear, [[yn Albaan]], [[Bosnia as Herzegovina]], [[Montenegro]] as [[Yn Serb|y Serb]], er enney dy h-oikoil myr yeeareyderyn jargagh. Ta [[Kosovo]] er rolley ny çheeraghyn yeearreeagh ec y Chommishoon Oarpagh agh cha nel ee er y rolley myr çheer heyr er-yn-oyr nagh vel ee er enney myr çheer heyr ec dagh çheer yn UO. Son çheet stiagh 'syn Unnaneys, shegin er çheer roshtyn gys slatyn towse Copenhagen, as ad meenit ec y Choonseil Oarpagh ayns [[København]] 'sy vlein 1993. T'ad shirrey deynlaghys shickyr as ee ammyssagh da kiartyn deiney as reill leigh; tarmaynys lesh margey obbragh as eh jargal cohirrey çheusthie jeh'n UO; as goaill lesh currymyn olteynys, goaill leigh yn UO stiagh. Ta'n [[Coyrle Oarpagh]] freggyrtagh son leagh y chur er cooilleeney slatyn towse çheerey. [[File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Schuman - Berlaymont - 01.jpg|thumb|center|Yn Commishoon Oarpagh]] == Kianglaghyn magh == {{Commons category|European Union|Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh}} * {{Official website}} * {{Britannica|196399}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080314185021/http://europa.eu/index_ga.htm EUROPA – Giat-entreilys yn Unnaneys Oarpagh] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908081643/http://euabc.com/ EUABC] {{en jalloo}} * [http://euobserver.com EUobserver] {{en jalloo}} {{Çheeraghyn yn Unnaneys Oarpagh}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Unnaneys Oarpagh, Yn}} [[Ronney:Yn Unnaneys Oarpagh| ]] [[Ronney:Ard Tarmaynagh yn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Oarpey 'sy vlein 1993]] [[Ronney:Cochianglaghyn (corys politickagh)]] [[Ronney:Çheeraghyn y G20]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn eddyrashoonagh bunnit 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn politickagh eddyrashoonagh]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn bunnit 'sy Vrussyl]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn hooar Aundyryn Nobel ayns Shee]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn bunnit 'sy vlein 1993]] [[Ronney:Reagheydyssyn politickagh bunnit 'syn Oarpey]] [[Ronney:Coryssyn politickagh]] [[Ronney:Unnaneyssyn far-ashoonagh]] [[Ronney:Blocyn traghtee]] [[Ronney:Fakideryn ec Ard-hionnal ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit]] n06of2fgm7aslq5qalypy9e17v2qken Elijah Wood 0 4317 393579 347009 2026-09-25T00:46:59Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|1981|1|28|df=y}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Cedar Rapids]], [[Iowa]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | ashoonaght = [[Americaanee|Americaanagh]] | bleeantyngobbyr = 1989&ndash;jiu }} Ta '''Elijah Jordan Woods''' ny chloieder fillym Americaanagh. Ta enney share er er son e phaart myr [[Frodo Baggins]] ayns y treeskeealag, ''[[The Lord of the Rings (straih fillym)|The Lord of the Rings]]''. V'eh ruggit ayns [[Cedar Rapids]], [[Iowa]], [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] er 28 Jerrey Geuree 1981. ==Rolley filmyn== ===Filmyn=== {| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border: #cccccc solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse;" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" ! Blein !! Ennym !! Paart !! Noteyn |- |[[1989]] || ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]'' || Guilley gamman-feeshan || paart beg |- |rowspan="4"|[[1990]] || ''[[Child in the Night]]'' || Luke || TV |- |''[[Internal Affairs (fillym)|Internal Affairs]]'' || Sean Stretch || myn-phaart |- |''[[Avalon (fillym 1990)|Avalon]]'' || Michael Kaye || |- |''[[The Witness (fillym giare)|The Witness]]'' || Little Boy || fillym giare |- |[[1991]] || ''[[Paradise (fillym 1991)|Paradise]]'' || Willard Young || |- |rowspan="3"|[[1992]] || ''[[Day-O]]'' || Day-O || |- |''[[Forever Young (fillym)|Forever Young]]'' || Nat Cooper || |- |''[[Radio Flyer (fillym)|Radio Flyer]]'' || Mike || |- |rowspan="2"|[[1993]] || ''[[The Good Son (fillym 1993)|The Good Son]]'' || Mark Evans || |- |''[[The Adventures of Huck Finn (fillym 1993)|The Adventures of Huck Finn]]'' || Huckleberry Finn|| |- |rowspan="2" |[[1994]]||[[North (fillym)|North]]'' || North || |- |''[[The War (fillym)|The War]]'' || Stuart 'Stu' Simmons || |- |[[1996]] || ''[[Flipper (fillym 1996)|Flipper]]'' || Sandy || |- |rowspan="2"|[[1997]] || ''[[Oliver Twist (fillym 1997)|Oliver Twist]] || Jack '[[The Artful Dodger]]' Dawkins ||TV |- |''[[The Ice Storm (fillym)|The Ice Storm]]'' || Mikey Carver || |- |rowspan="2" |[[1998]] || ''[[Deep Impact (fillym)|Deep Impact]]'' || Leo Beiderman || |- |''[[The Faculty]]'' || Casey Connor || |- |rowspan="2"|[[1999]]||''[[The Bumblebee Flies Anyway]]'' || Barney Snow || |- |''[[Black and White (fillym 1999)|Black and White]]'' || Wren || |- |[[2000]] || ''[[Chain of Fools]]'' || Mikey || Jeeragh-gys-rybban |- |rowspan="2"|[[2001]] || ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (fillym)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' || [[Frodo Baggins]] || |- |''[[Ash Wednesday (fillym)|Ash Wednesday]]'' || Sean Sullivan || |- |rowspan="2"| [[2002]] || ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (fillym)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' || [[Frodo Baggins]] || |- |''[[The Adventures of Tom Thumb and Thumbelina]]'' || Tom Thumb (coraa) ||Jeeragh-gys-rybban |- |rowspan="4" | [[2003]] || ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (fillym)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' || [[Frodo Baggins]] || |- |''[[The Long and Short of It]]''||y chied lhiass-stiureyder|| fillym giare |- |''[[All I Want (fillym)|All I Want aka Try Seventeen]]'' || Jones Dillon ||Jeeragh-gys-rybban |- |''[[Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over]]'' || The Guy || Cameo |- |[[2004]] || ''[[Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind]]''|| Patrick || |- |rowspan="3"|[[2005]] ||''[[Sin City (fillym)|Sin City]]'' || [[Kevin (Sin City)|Kevin]] || |- |''[[Everything Is Illuminated (fillym)|Everything Is Illuminated]]|| [[Jonathan Safran Foer]] || |- |''[[Green Street|Green Street Hooligans]]'' || Matt Buckner || |- |rowspan="2"|[[2006]] || ''[[Bobby (fillym 2006)|Bobby]]'' || William Avary|| |- |''[[Happy Feet]]'' || [[Mumble (Happy Feet)|Mumble]] (coraa) || |- | rowspan="2"| [[2007]]||''[[Paris, je t'aime]]'' || David || |- |''[[Day Zero]]'' || Aaron Feller || Soilshit ayns SUA: 18 Jerrey Geuree, 2008<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Look nabs film pair - Entertainment News, Film News, Media - Variety<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117973074.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |access-date=2008-05-11 |archive-date=2008-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201085956/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117973074.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3"|[[2008]]|| ''[[The Oxford Murders (fillym)|The Oxford Murders]]'' || Martin ||Soilshit ayns y Spaainey: 18 Jerrey Geuree, 2008 |- |''[[9 (fillym 2008)|9]]'' || 9 (coraa)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Animated Epic 9 Sets All-Star Voice Cast - ComingSoon.net<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=19457 |accessdate=2008-05-11 |archivedate=2009-01-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126080006/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=19457 }}</ref><ref>[http://iesb.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2101&Itemid=99 IESB.net - Movie News, Reviews, Interviews and More! - 9 Gets An All Star Cast!<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> || heear-yeeillaght |- |''The Passenger '' || [[Iggy Pop]] || roie-yeeillaght |} == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{imraaghyntoshiaght}} {{imraaghynjerrey}} == Kianglaghyn çheumooie == * {{imdb name|id=0000704|name=Elijah Wood}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wood, Elijah}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1981]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn gamman-feeshan firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Iowa]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Cedar Rapids, Iowa]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Austeyragh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Danvargagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Yernagh]] l5x6eq464kbf73sseahmtb8nxhsag6p Futurama 0 4840 393596 393213 2026-09-25T02:16:35Z Stephan1000000 14694 179 393596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ennym iddaalagh}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Çhellveeish |jalloo = Futurama 1999 logo.svg |fo-heidyl = |crootagh = [[Matt Groening]] |lhiasseyder = Matt Groening<br />[[David X. Cohen]] |gooyn = {{Ubl|[[Billy West]]|[[Katey Sagal]]|[[John DiMaggio]]|[[Tress MacNeille]]|[[Maurice LaMarche]]|[[Lauren Tom]]|[[Phil LaMarr]]|[[David Herman]]}} |cummeyder_cooishchiaull = [[Joseph LoDuca]] |ard-ghienteyder = Matt Groening<br />David X. Cohen<br />[[Ken Keeler]] |gienteyder = [[Lewis Morton]]<br />[[J. Stewart Burns]]<br />[[Patric M. Verrone]]<br />Jason Grode<br />[[Claudia Katz]]<br />Brian J. Cowan |reagheyder =Paul D. Calder<br />Danik Thomas<br />Chris Vallance |traa_roie = 22 vinnid |skeaylley = 28 Mayrnt 1999 - jiu |earroo_episodeyn=179}} She [[sitcom bioghit|sitcom]] [[far-skeealaght heanse]] [[bioghys da deiney aasit|bioghit]] Americaanagh da deiney aasit eh '''''Futurama'''''. Va'n straih crooit ec [[Matt Groening]] as hie ee er ny skeaylley magh da'n chied cheayrt er [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] er 28 Mayrnt 1999. Ta'n straih geiyrt er contoyrtyssyn y laggeyder keirdey [[Philip J. Fry]], va freillt rere feayr-ghientyn feie 1000 dy vleeantyn as t'eh er ny aavioghey 'sy 31d eash. Ta Fry geddyn obbyr ec colught livrey-ys eddyr-phlanaidagh, gobbraghey marish [[Leela (Futurama)|Leela]] lieh-hooillagh as y robot [[Bender (Futurama)|Bender]]. Haink smooinaght y straih da Groening ayns ny 1990yn meanagh tra v'eh gobbraghey er ''[[The Simpsons]]''; hug eh [[David X. Cohen]] er boayrd son ny linnaghyn skeeal as ny karacteyryn y hilgey rish Fox. == Ny h-ard-characteyryn == * ''Philip J. Fry''- Rug eh ayns ny 1980yn as v'eh gobbraghey lesh colught livrey-ys peetsaghyn. Ren eh troailt harrish am derrey yn vlein 3000. Neesht t'eh gobbraghey lesh "Planet Express" * ''Turanga Leela''- T'ee ny captan da'n cholught. Ben aghtal t'ayn lesh un hooill. * ''Bender Bending Rodríguez''- Ta Bender ny robot drogh-chaayntagh, sheer-veshtallagh as sheer-vyngyragh. * ''Professor Hubert J. Farnsworth''- ruggit er [[9 Averil]], 2841 ta'n Professor ny oayllee. Va'n colught "Planet Express" bunnit echey. * ''Dr. John A. Zoidberg''- She gynoaltagh [[gimmagh]]-chosoyl va ruggit er y phlanaid Decapod 10. T'eh ny 'er-lhee gobbraghey lesh "Planet Express". * ''Amy Wong''- Rug ee er y phlanaid [[Mart (planaid)|Mart]]. * ''Hermes Conrad''- T'eh ny [[Yn Yamaicey|Yamaickagh]] ta gobbraghey lesh y cholught. {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{bun}} [[Ronney:Futurama| ]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Americaanagh er nyn doshiaghey ayns 1999]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Americaanagh as y jerrey oc ayns 2003]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Americaanagh er nyn doshiaghey ayns 2008]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish Americaanagh as y jerrey oc ayns 2013]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish bioghit Americaanagh da deiney aasit veih ny 1990yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama aittys Americaanagh veih ny 1990yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse aitt Americaanagh veih ny 1990yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish grinderagh Americaanagh veih ny 1990yn]] [[Ronney:Sitcomyn Americaanagh veih ny 1990yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish aittys Americaanagh bentyn rish y voayl obbree veih ny 1990yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish bioghit Americaanagh da deiney aasit veih ny 2000yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama aittys Americaanagh veih ny 2000yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse aitt Americaanagh veih ny 2000yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish grinderagh Americaanagh veih ny 2000yn]] [[Ronney:Sitcomyn Americaanagh veih ny 2000yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish aittys Americaanagh bentyn rish y voayl obbree veih ny 2000yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish bioghit Americaanagh da deiney aasit veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish drama aittys Americaanagh veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse aitt Americaanagh veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish grinderagh Americaanagh veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Sitcomyn Americaanagh veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish aittys Americaanagh bentyn rish y voayl obbree veih ny 2010yn]] [[Ronney:Sitcomyn bioghit Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish contoyrtys bioghit Americaanagh da deiney aasit]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish contoyrtys spoar bioghit]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish aittys bioghit Americaanagh da deiney aasit]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse bioghit Americaanagh da deiney aasit]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish far-skeealaght heanse aitt Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish bioghit Comedy Central]] [[Ronney:Claareeyn bunneydagh Comedy Central]] [[Ronney:Claareeyn çhellveeish 'sy Vaarle]] [[Ronney:Claareeyn bunneydagh Fox Broadcasting Company]] [[Ronney:Claareeyn bunneydagh Hulu]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish liorish 20th Century Fox Television]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish liorish ULULU Company]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish liorish Fox Television Animation]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish liorish Rough Draft Studios]] [[Ronney:Straihyn çhellveeish bioghit bentyn rish bea neuhallooinagh]] 5slxclh4tiprw39o1hf4kqx3xywj8ja Rannag 0 6648 393592 369928 2026-09-25T02:13:59Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kishtey fys baagh | daah = #D3D3A4 | ennym = Rannag | staydys = | jalloo = Magnificent tree frog (Litoria splendida) crop.jpg | fo-heidyl_jalloo = | lheead_jalloo = 240px | reeriaght = [[baagh|Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | rang = [[Daa-veaghee]] | oardagh = [[Anura]] | kynney = | fo-chynney = | imraa_genus = | sorçh_dooie = | imraa_sorçh_dooie= | cocheayllagh = | rankyn_aarheynn = [[Fo-oardagh]] | aarheynn = [[Archaeobatrachia]]<br /> [[Mesobatrachia]]<br /> [[Neobatrachia]] <br /> }} Ta'n '''rannag''' ny [[daa-veaghee]] jeh'n oardagh Anura (shen ''gyn famman'' ‘sy Ghreagish: ''an-,'' gyn + ''oura'', famman). Ta’n chooid smoo jeh rannagyn yn-enneydagh er coontey lurgaghyn jerree liauyrey, corp giare, cassyn craitnagh as sooillyn deamagh. Cha nel famman ec, dy cadjin. T’ad brey oohyn ayns dubbaghyn, loghanyn ny loghyn; ta ny oohyn gaase dys rannagyn aegey, ta cummal ‘syn ushtey, as grooaneyn oc. Lurg beggan traa, t’ad gaase reesht dys y chummey aasit. Ta rannagyn ry-gheddyn harrish y teihll, veih ardjyn [[grianchryssagh]] dys [[fo-arctagh]]. == Rang-oardraghey == [[Coadan:Bombina bombina 1 (Marek Szczepanek) tight crop.jpg|thumb|[[Rannag Aile-ghaillagh Europagh]] (''Bombina&nbsp;bombina'')]] Ta mysh 4,810 dooieyn ‘syn oardagh ''Anura'' ayns 33 kynneeyn.<ref name="Pou92">Pough ''et al.'' 1992. Herpetology: Third Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall:Pearson Education, Inc., 2002.</ref> Ta [[Leptodactylidae]] (1100 do.), [[Hylidae]] (800 do.) as [[Ranidae]] (750 do.) ny smoo. Ta mysh 88% jeh dooieyn [[daa-veaghee]] nyn rannagyn. Cha nel fa oaylleeagh son eddyraghey ''rannag'' as ''beayf'' rere’n aght cadjin. Dy cadjin, ta sleih cur ''rannag'' er fir currit da ushtey as crackan rea oc; as ''beayf'' er fir ooirragh as crackan fahnaghtagh oc. Rere rang-oardraghey, ta dagh ooilley olteyr jeh’n oardagh ''Anura'' ny rannag, agh cha nel agh olteyryn jeh’n chynney ''[[Bufonidae]]'' nyn meayfyn. Ny smoo cruinn eer, ta ''rannag'' çheet er olteyryn jeh’n chynney ''[[Ranidae]]'' (“feer rannagyn”) ny lomarcan.<ref name="britannicafrog">{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Encyclopaedia Britannica | date = 2008-11-03 | kiangley = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/220611/frog | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Ta tree fo-oardaghyn lheead ec rannagyn: [[Archaeobatrachia]] (kiare kynneeyn jeh rannagyn bunneydagh); [[Mesobatrachia]] (queig kynneeyn jeh rannagyn t’er nyn aafilley ny smoo); as [[Neobatrachia]], y possan smoo, goaill stiagh 24 kynneeyn jeh rannagyn “jeianagh”. Ta Neobatrachia eddyrscarrit ayns [[Hyloidea]] as [[Ranoidea]].<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree =Ford | kied =L.S. | coscreeudeyryn =D.C. Cannatella | blein =1993 | ennym=The major clades of frogs | earishlioar = Herpetological Monographs | ym-lioar=7 | duillag =94–117 | doi=10.2307/1466954 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Ta’n rang-oardraghey shoh rere troyn [[jalloo-oaylleeaght (bea-oaylleeaght)|jalloo-oaylleeagh]] myr earroo vertebra, cummey y [[cryss chleeauagh|chryss chleeauagh]], as jalloo-oaylleeaght ny rannagyn aegey. Ta bea-oayllee goaill rish y rang-oardraghey shoh son y chooid smoo, ga dy vel resoonaght ayn mychione mooinjerys eddyr kynneeyn er lheh. Foddee dy beagh studeyrys [[gien-oaylleeaght|gien-oaylleeagh]] soilshaghey y chooish.<ref> {{enmysearishlioar | sjerree =Faivovich | kied =J. | coscreeudeyryn = C.F.B. Haddad, P.C.A. Garcia, D.R. Frost, J.A. Campbell, as W.C. Wheeler | blein =2005 | ennym= Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: Phylogenetic analysis and revision | earishlioar = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | ym-lioar=294 | duillag =1-240 | doi=10.1206/0003-0090(2005)294[0001:SROTFF]2.0.CO;2 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> == Jalloo-oaylleeaght as fyshoaylleeaght == [[Coadan:Rana skeleton.png|thumb|Ushylagh ''[[Rana]]'']] Ta [[jalloo-oaylleeaght (bea-oaylleeaght)|jalloo-oaylleeaght]] rannagyn gyn cosoylaght mastey daa-veaghee. Cosoylaghey rish ny possanyn elley, [[salamander]]yn as [[kaikilagh|kaikilee]], cha nel famman ec rannagyn aasit, as bare lesh ny lurgaghyn oc lheim na shooyl. Ta crackan rannagyn lhiggey da ocsygien çheet ny hrooid, as er y fa shen nod ad gennalaghey trooid yn crackan oc<ref name="nationalgeographicfrog">{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = Sun-Loving Frogs Get Skin Check With Eye Doctor's Tool | date = 2008-11-03 | kiangley = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/11/071130-frogs-skin.html | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta’n ocsygien goll er lheie ayns brat ushtey er y chrackan, as goll ny hrooid dys yn ‘uill. Son y chooid smoo, ta lurgaghyn s’jerree liauyr ec rannagyn as craueyn abaneagh sheeynit. Ta craue ghrommey ghiare oc, as cha nel ny smoo na jeig vertebraghyn seyrey eck. Lurg shen ta craue famman cholheit ([[gimmijey]]), as er y fa shoh she baagh gyn famman t’ayn son y chooid smoo. Ta mooadys rannagyn goll veih 10mm (''[[Brachycephalus didactylus]]'', ‘sy [[yn Vrasseel|Vrasseel]] as ''[[Eleutherodactylus iberia]]'' ‘sy [[yn Choobey|Choobey]]) dys 300mm (y [[rannag Gholiath]], ''Conraua goliath'', ayns [[Cameroon]]). === Cassyn as lurgaghyn === Ta lheead cummaghyn coshey mastey rannagyn, croghey er dy vel ad cummal ayns biljyn, ayns ushtey ny er yn thalloo. [[Coadan:Litoria tyleri.jpg|thumb|left|Ta [[rannag villagh Hyler]] (''Litoria tyleri'') soilshaghey ny cassyn craitnagh as doarnyn mair chass echey.]] Ymmodee rannagyn, as adsyn cummal ‘syn ushtey er lheh, ta cassyn craitnagh oc, as rheamyssaght y chraitnys jeu croghey er y traa t’ad ceau ‘syn ushtey. Myr sampleyr, ta cassyn slane chraitnagh ec y [[rannag veg Affrickagh]] (''Hymenochirus''), agh my t’ou jeeaghyn er cassyn y [[rannag villagh White]] (''Litoria caerulea''), ny ghooie biljagh, cha nel agh kerroo craitnagh oc. Ec [[rannag villagh|rannagyn billagh]], ta “doarnyn mair chass” son dy chooney goaill greim er ny biljyn. Cha nee doarnyn sooee t’ayn. T’ad goaill greim liorish feddanaght, as jannoo ymmyd jeh mooarane jeh killaghyn beg oddys greimmey eaghtyryn garroo. Cha nel ad çheet lesh my t’ad ro fliugh<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Emerson | kied=S.B. | coscreeudeyryn=Diehl, D. | blein=1980 | ennym=Toe pad morphology and mechanisms of sticking in frogs | earishlioar=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society | ym-lioar=13 | earoo=3 | duillag=199–216 | çhengey =Baarle | doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1980.tb00082.x }}</ref>. Kuse dy rannagyn ta cummal ard ayns viljyn, ta craitnys mooar oc, eer ny smoo na fir ushtagh. Ta ny craitnys shoh lhiggey dauesyn gooillian eddyr biljyn, ny stiurey traa t’ad lheim eddyr oc<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Harvey | kied=M. B. | coscreeudeyryn= A. J. Pemberton & E. N. Smith | blein=2002 | ennym= New and poorly known parachuting frogs (Rhacophoridae : ''Rhacophorus'') from Sumatra and Java | earishlioar= Herpetological Monographs | ym-lioar=16 | earoo= | duillag=46-92 | çhengey =Baarle | doi=10.1655/0733-1347(2002)016[0046:NAPKPF]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref>. Dy cadjin, cha nel troyn myr shen ec rannagyn ooirragh. Son y chooid smoo ta ny doarnyn mair cass oc ny sloo (my ta’n lheid ayn) as ta beggan craitnys oc. Ta lurgaghyn s’jerree s’troshey ec rannagyn ooirragh na adsyn t’ec fir ushtagh ny biljagh. === Nieu === Ta [[nieu]] vog ec ymmodee rannagyn, son dy imman ergooyl cragheyderyn. Ny nieughyn oc, t’ad goaill stiagh [[gienneyder-branlaadys]], [[gienneyder co-leaystey]], [[nieu-nearag]] as [[thanneyder-cuishlin]]. Kuse dy chragheyderyn rannagyn, ta aalhiemmaght mooar oc noi ny nieughyn shoh. Foddee kuse dy ny nieughyn shoh cur drogh-eiyrtys er sleih. [[Coadan:Dendrobates pumilio.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Oophaga pumilio]]'', ny [[rannag steab nieunagh]]; ta ymmodee alkaloydyn echey, as t’ad gimman ergooyl cragheyderyn.]] Ta kuse dy rannagyn goaill nieughyn ass sniengan as arthropodyn elley dy vel ad gee<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree= Saporito | kied= R.A. | coscreeudeyryn= H.M. Garraffo, M.A. Donnelly, A.L. Edwards, J.T. Longino, & J.W. Daly | blein=2004 | ennym= Formicine ants: An arthropod source for the pumiliotoxin alkaloids of dendrobatid poison frogs | earishlioar= Proceedings of the National Academy of Science | ym-lioar=101 | earoo= | duillag=8045-8050 | çhengey =Baarle | doi=10.1073/pnas.0402365101 | pmid=15128938 }}</ref>. Foddee fir elley jannoo nyn nieu hene nagh vel çheet ass y vee oc<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree= Smith | kied= B. P. | coscreeudeyryn= Tyler M. J., Kaneko T., Garraffo H. M., Spande T. F., Daly J. W. | blein=2002 | ennym= Evidence for biosynthesis of pseudophrynamine alkaloids by an Australian myobatrachid frog (pseudophryne) and for sequestration of dietary pumiliotoxins | earishlioar= Journal of Natural Products | ym-lioar=65 | earoo=4 | duillag=439-47 | çhengey =Baarle | doi=10.1021/np010506a | kiangley=[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/sample.cgi/jnprdf/2002/65/i04/html/np010506a.html] }}</ref>. Ta kuse dy vun-chummaltee America Yiass sheeley nieu magh ass rannagyn steab nieu, as cur eh er ny steabyn oc son shelgeraght<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree= Myers | kied= C. W. | coscreeudeyryn= Daly J. W. | blein=1983 | ennym= Dart-poison frogs | earishlioar= Scientific American | ym-lioar=248 | earoo= | duillag=120-133 | çhengey =Baarle | doi= | kiangley= }}</ref>, ga dy s’goan ny dooieyn ta nieunagh dy liooar son shen. Ta rannagyn nieunagh cliaghtit rish soilshaghey magh y nieunaght oc liorish daahghyn gial: she [[raaue-cowrey]] t’ayn. Ta daa ghooie neunieunagh Americaanagh ec y chooid sloo (''Eleutherodactylus gaigei'' as ''Lithodytes lineatus'') ta jannoo arrish er daahghyn rannagyn steab nieunagh ([[arrishaght Bates]]) <ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree=Savage | kied=J. M. | blein=2002 | ennym=The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica | soilsheyder=University of Chicago Press, Chicago }}</ref><ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Duellman | kied= W. E. | blein=1978 | ennym=The Biology of an Equatorial Herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador | earishlioar=University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication | ym-lioar=65 | duillag=1–352 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Er coontey jeh neuchaslid nieu rannagyn, ta anaase mooar orroo ec bea-chemmigee. Ta alkaloyd enmyssit [[epibatidine]] ry-gheddyn ayns kuse dy rannagyn steab nieunagh, as she moogheyder guinn eh, ny stroshey na [[morfeen]] 200 keayrt. Stoo elley t’er ny sheeley ass crackan rannagyn, foddee dy beagh eh cur aalhiemmaght noi [[Veerys genney ym-yeenaght sheelnaue|VGYS]]<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=VanCompernolle | kied=Scott. E. | coscreeudeyryn=R. J. Taylor, K. Oswald-Richter, J. Jiang, B. E. Youree, J. H. Bowie, M. J. Tyler, M. Conlon, D. Wade, C. Aiken, T. S. Dermody, V. N. Kewal Ramani, L. A. Rollins-Smith as D. Unutmaz | blein=2005 | ennym=Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin potently inhibit Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and transfer of virus from dendritic cells to T cells | earishlior=Journal of Virology | ym-lioar=79 | duillag=11598–11606 | doi=10.1128/JVI.79.18.11598-11606.2005 | pmid=16140737 | kiangley= http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/79/18/11598 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta oayllee jannoo studeyrys er nieughyn rannagyn son dy yeeaghyn my foddee ad cur dooin stoo lheeys noa <ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Phillipe | kied=G. | coscreeudeyryn=Angenot L. | blein=2005 | ennym=Recent developments in the field of arrow and dart poisons | earishlioar=Journal of Ethnopharmacology | ym-lioar=100 | earroo=(1–2) | duillag=85–91 | doi=10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.022 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta [[nieu rannagagh]] ayns taaley crackanagh chuse dy rannagyn, myr sampleyr y [[rannag awin Colorado]] as [[rannag cuirtlagh]]. Kuse jeu, myr sampleyr [[bufotenin]], ta eiyrtys shicklaagagh oc, as myr shen ta sleih jannoo ymmyd jeu myr [[druggey-soccar|druggaghyn-soccar]]. === Tayrn ennal as kiarkley ny folley === Crackan rannagyn, t’eh neuyeenagh da ocsygien as carboan daa-osseed, chammah as ushtey. Ta ymmodee cuishleeyn faggys da eaghtyr y chrackan. Tra ta rannag fo ushtey, ta ocsygien goll er sheeyney hug da’n [[corys folley|chorys folley]] dy jeeragh. Er y thalloo, ta rannagyn aasit jannoo ny scowanyn oc son ennal y hayrn. Ta ny scowanyn oc gollrish adsyn ec deiney, agh cha nel ny muskylyn chleeu gobbraghey ec tayrn ennal, as cha nel [[asney|asnaghyn]] ny [[skairt (ronsaghey-kirpey)|skairt]] oc. Son ennal y hayrn, ta rannagyn soo stiagh aer trooid ny tuill stroaney oc, cur er y scoarnagh sheidey seose, as eisht t’ad faastey laare y veeal. Ta shen cur er yn aer goll stiagh ny scowanyn oc. Dy mennick, ta cooylley ayns ny tuill stroaney, as ad dooint tra ta’n rannag goll fo ushtey. Ayns Luanistyn 2007, hooar ad rannag ushtagh ayns boayl fadaneagh ayns Yn Indoneesh. Y [[rannag Vorneagh kione-rea]] (''Barbourula kalimantanensis''), she yn chied rannag gyn scowanyn as fys urree ec oaylleeaght. Ta [[cree]] jeh tree shamyryn ec rannagyn, gollrish y chooilley tetrapod, er lhimmey jeh [[ushag]]yn as [[sheeintagh|sheeintee]]. Ta fuill ocsygienit çheet veih ny stooghyn kirp ennal as goll stiagh ayns unnane shamyr. Ta shamyr elley son fuill jee-ocsygienit dy gholl stiagh ‘sy chree. Eisht, ta cooylley chaslagh stiurey yn fuill da ny cuishleeyn kiart – [[cuishlin y chree]] son fuill ocsygienit, as y [[cuishley scowanagh]] son fuill ta laccal ocsygien. Ta feme ec rannagyn er y chooylley shoh, son dy yannoo sloo jeh mestey yn daa horçh jeh fuill. Er coontey jeh, foddee rannagyn cummal seose cormid soe ny syrjey, as jannoo ny smoo, na nod ad gyn ee. === Lheie as keckey === Ta’n beeal toshiaght [[corys lheie]] y rannag. Ta feeacklyn er y cheeill syrjey, as ymmyd jeant jeu son dy veihll bee roish sluggey eh. S’faase ny feeacklyn shoh, as cha nod rannagyn jannoo ymmyd jeu son feer ghreimmey. Ayns ynnyd jeh shen, ta’n rannag jannoo ymmyd jeh’n çhengey ghleiynagh eck son dy ghlackey cragh. Lurg shen, ta’n bee goll trooid yn bolg, as stiagh ‘sy chollane veg, raad ta’n chooid smoo jeh’n lheie taghyrt. Ta soo y phairaig villish, as buighid jeh’n aane, garraghey dys y chollane veg son dy chur cooney da’n lheie. Ta keck faagail magh ass yn [[arkyn]]. === Corys nearag === Ta corys nearag aasit dy mie ec rannagyn. T’eh goaill stiagh inçhyn, coyrd drommey, as neayragyn. Ta’n [[smuir oblongata]] reaghey tayrn ennal, lheie, as obbyr seyr-obbragh elley. Ta’n [[kerebellum]] reaghey ny muskylyn. Cosoylaghey rish deiney, ta kerebellum rannagyn feer veg. Cha nel cleayshyn mooie ec rannagyn; ta ny [[dollan cleayshey|dollanyn cleayshey]] anchoodit. == Shennaghys vea == Gollrish daa-veaghee elley, ta kiare keimyn ayns bea rannag: ooh, rannag aeg, caghlaa cummey as rannag aasit. Er y fa dy vel feme er ushtey ec rannagyn, ta ymmyrkey colleeys goaill stiagh yllaghey colleeys, as shen cleayney rannagyn bwoirrin da’n ushtey raad ta ny fir nyn soie. Myr shen ta boayl mie faggys daue son breh oohyn. Ta kuse dy rannagyn goaill kiarail jeh ny h-oohyn oc, ny eer ny rannagyn aasit. === Ooh === [[Coadan:Frogspawn closeup.jpg|thumb|Gloagh rannag]] Ta toshiaght vea rannag yn ooh. Son y chooid smoo, ta'n rannag woirrin breh ''gloagh rannag'' ayns ushtey – mooarane stoo as thousaneyn jeh oohyn ayn. Er y fa dy vel gaue mooar da ny h-oohyn liorish cragheyderyn, ta saaseyn oc son dy yannoo shickyr dy beagh kuse dy chloan ve er mayrn. T'ad breh ec y traa cheddin, as myr shen cha nod ny cragheyderyn gee dagh ooilley ooh; bee cooid mooar jeu goll er gee, agh s'cosoylagh dy bee kuse jeu er mayrn. Saase elley son scapail gaue loghanyn, shen breh oohyn er duillag erksyn y loghan, as coodagh gleiynagh orroo son dy freayll sthie yn ushtey. Erreish daue guirr, ta ny rannagyn aegey tuittym sheese 'syn ushtey. Kuse dy ghooieyn, ta jargaght cronnaghey craa ec ny h-oohyn, myr sampleyr my ta connspeagh ny ardnieu faggys daue, as foddee ad guirr dy leah son dy scapail goll er ee<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree=Warkentin | kied=K.M. | blein=1995 | ennym=Adaptive plasticity in hatching age: a response to predation risk trade-offs | earishlioar=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | ym-lioar=92 | duillag=3507-3510 | doi=10.1073/pnas.92.8.3507 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Dooieyn elley, myr sampleyr, y [[rannag chuirtlagh]] (''Bufo marinus''), t'ad breh oohyn nieunagh son jannoo sloo jeh cragheyderys. Ga dy vel eh croghey er y dooie as y çhymbyllaght, ta oohyn ushtagh guirr roish shiaghtin, dy cadjin. Dooieyn elley, t'ad ceau y clane cheim laarvagh sthie ny h-oohyn ny sthie ny mayrey. === Rannag aeg === [[Coadan:Haswell's Frog - Paracrinia haswelli tadpole.jpg|thumb|Rannag aeg jeh [[Haswell's Froglet]] (''Paracrinia haswelli'')]] Ta oohyn çheet dy ve rannagyn aegey. Ta corp oochroo as famman liauyr, rea oc. Unnane dooie, ta rannagyn aegey lieh-ooirragh echey, as ad cummal mastey creggyn fliugh<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym = AmphibiaWeb | kiangley = http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_lists_genera_&table=amphib&where-genus=Nannophrys&where-species=ceylonensis | soilsheyder = Amphibiaweb.org | datefeddyn =2008-11-06 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>, agh ta'n chooid smoo jeu slane ushtagh. Cha nel scowan, farvollee, ny lurgaghyn oc. Ta ushylagh lunganeagh oc, [[corys linnaghyn lhiattagh]], sproghanyn son ennal, as fammanyn son snaue<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-40603/Anura |ennym=Anura :: From tadpole to adult - Britannica Online Encyclopedia | soilsheyder=Britannica.com | datefeddyn=2008-11-03 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Cha nel feer ‘eeacklyn ec rannagyn aegey, agh ta straihyn liaurey jeh troggalyn [[keratin]]agh (keradontyn) oc. Ta’n chooid smoo jeh rannagyn aegey nyn luss-eederyn, as t’ad gee [[algey]] dy mennick. Ta kuse dy ghooieyn feill-eeagh, as adsyn gee [[shey-chassagh|shey-chassee]], rannagyn aegey sloo, as yeeast. Ta mooarane jeh cragheyderyn ec rannagyn aegey, goaill stiagh [[yeeast]], [[eairkag]]yn, [[deyll hummee|deyil thummee]], as ushagyn ny h-awin. Ta [[cannablaght]] er ny fakin mastey rannagyn aegey jeh kuse dy ghooieyn<ref name="crump1983">{{enmysearishlioar | ennym = Opportunistic Cannibalism by Amphibian Larvae in Temporary Aquatic Environments | sjerree = Crump | kied = Martha L. | earishlioar = The American Naturalist | ym-lioar = 121 | earroo = 2 | date = 1983 | duillag = 281-289 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ec kuse dy ghooieyn ta rannagyn aegey nieunagh, myr sampleyr, [[rannag chuirtlagh|rannagyn cuirtlagh]]<ref name="crump1983"/>. Ayns kuse dy ghooie, ta rannagyn aegey tannaghtyn harrish y gheurey as caghlaa cummey y nah vlein – myr sampleyr, y [[rannag reealt]] (''Alytes obstetricans'') ny’n [[rannag chiebbey-chassagh]] (''Pelobates fuscus''). === Caghlaa cummey === [[Coadan:Spring_Peeper_tadpoles.jpg|thumb|Rannagyn aeg jeh’n rannag [[Spring Peeper]] (''Pseudacris crucifer'') caghlaa ny cummaghyn oc]] Ec jerrey y cheim rannag aeg, ta rannagyn [[caghlaa cummey (bea-oaylleaeaght)|caghlaa ny cummaghyn]] oc. She caghlaa trome t’ayn, goaill stiagh jalloo-oaylleeaght as fyshoaylleeaght. T’ad gaase lurgaghyn as scowanyn, as ta ny collaneyn oc girraghey, tra t’ad garraghey veih ee lossreeyn dys ee shey-chassee. Ta ny sooillyn oc garraghey son dy lhiggey dou fakin dy ghaa-hooillagh. Ta’n caghlaa shoh soilshaghey y caghlaa veih olmys (as feme reayrtys lhean oc) dys cragheyder (as feme [[tastid duinid]] oc). Ec jerrey y chaghlaa, ta killaghyn y famman marroo ([[apoptosis]]) as t’eh goll er soo stiagh y chorp. === Rannag aasit === [[Coadan:Green-leopard-frog-in-swamp.jpg|thumb|[[rannag lepard]] aasit]] Erreish daue caghlaa cummey, ta kuse dy rannagyn goll magh ass yn ushtey as cummal er y thalloo, as dooieyn elley tannaghtyn ‘syn ushtey. Ta dagh dooie aasit nyn eederyn-foalley, faggys, as ad gee beiyn gyn craue dommey, myr sampleyr [[arthropod]]yn, [[annelaid]]yn as [[gastreypod]]yn. Beggan dooie smoo, t’ad gee beiyn elley, myr sampleyr, [[yeeast]]yn, rannagyn sloo, as [[sheeintagh|sheeintee]] beggey. Ta kuse dy rannagnyn shelg liorish y çhengey gleiynagh oc, as dooieyn elley jannoo ymmyd jeh ny laueyn oc. Beggan beg jeh rannagyn, ta lossreeyn bun-vee daue<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Silva | kied=H. R. | coscreeudeyryn=Britto-Pereira M. C., & Caramaschi U. | blein=1989 | ennym=Frugivory and Seed Dispersal by ''Hyla truncata'', a Neotropical Treefrog | earishlioar=Copeia | ym-lioar=1989 | earroo=3 | duillag=781-783 | doi=10.2307/ | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta ram beiyn elley gee rannagyn, goaill stiagh [[ushag]]yn, [[yeeast]]yn, [[ardnieu]]ghyn, [[sheeintagh|sheeintee]], as sleih. Ta bea liauyr ec rannagyn, ny keayrtyn; ga nagh vel monney fys ayn mychione y vea feie t’oc, ta recortyssyn ayn er rannagyn fo cappeeys as ad bea dys 40 bleeantyn<ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Curry-Lindahl | blein=1965 | ennym= Conversation of nature – a duty for zoological gardens | reagheyder=Biegler | ym-lioar = 5 | earroo = 1 | duillag = 100-102 | earishlioar = International Zoo Yearbook | çhengey = Baarle }} chammah as http://www.pondturtle.com/lfrog.html#Bufo</ref><ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree= | blein=1966 | ennym= A survey of recent longevity records for reptiles and amphibians in zoos | reagheyder=Biegler | ym-lioar = 6 | earroo = 1 | duillag = 487-493 | earishlioar = International Zoo Yearbook | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Cosoylaghey rish eairkagyn as lossagyn, cha nel rannagyn rieau çheet dy ve keintyssagh roish t’ad ec y cheim aasit. == Geddyn sliught == Tra t’ad aasit, ta rannagyn co-chruinnaghey ec loghan ny strooan son geddyn sliught. Ta ymmodee rannagyn goll erash da’n ushtey raad ruggyree ad; er y fa shen ta arraghey bleinoil ayn, as thousaneyn jeh rannagyn goaill rheynn ayndaue. [[Coadan:Bufo bufo couple during migration(2005).jpg|thumb|left|190px|[[Rannag cadjin|rannagyn cadjin]] (''Bufo bufo'') firrinagh as bwoirrinagh ec [[amplexus]].]] Ec y voayl geddyn sliught, ta rannagyn firrinagh gyllaghey son dy chleayney ben. Ta’n eam lesh y ghooie hene er lheh, as cha nel eh cleayney mraane jeh dooieyn elley. Ec ymmodee dooie, ta ''fir cruinlagh'' – fir nagh vel gyllagh, as ad cur stiagh er mraane ta tayrn er-gerrey da fir ta gyllagh. Erreish daue çheet ry-cheilley, ta’n jees jannoo [[amplexus]]. Ta’n fer drappal y ven as goaill greim urree. Ta [[torraghey mooie]] ec rannagyn: ta’n oohyn as sheelyn çheet ry-cheilley çheumooie jeh’n chorp. Ta’n ven feaysley er ny oohyn oc, as y fer cur lheieyn sheel orroo. Lurg shen, ta ny h-oohyn gaase as croo coodagh fendeilagh. Son y chooid smoo, ta ny h-oohyn dorraghey as y coodagh trooid-hoilshagh. Dy mennick, ta rannagyn [[cryss tempreilagh|tempreilagh]] geddyn sliught eddyr anmagh ‘sy fouyr as leah ‘syn arree. Ta çhiassid ushtey feayr ec ny traaghyn shoh, as myr shen, ta ny smoo ocsygien lheieit ayn. Chammah’s shen, ta geddyn sliught anmagh ‘sy vlein shickyraghey dy beagh bee kiart ry-gheddyn ec ny rannagyn noa ec y traa kiart. === Kiarail ny mayrey as ayrey === [[Coadan:Haeckel Batrachia.jpg|thumb|right|Jalloo ass ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'', 1904, liorish [[Ernst Haeckel]], soilshaghey dooieyn rannag as kiarail ny mayrey as ayrey jeant oc.]] Ga nagh vel monney fys ayn myechione, t’ad gra dy nod 20% jeh dooieyn daa-veaghee goaill kiarail jeh ny cloan oc. Ta ymmodee saaseyn oc son shen y yannoo<ref>{{enmysearishlioar |sjerree=Crump | kied=M.L. | blein=1996 | ennym=Parental care among the Amphibia | earishlioar=Advances in the Study of Behavior | ym-lioar=25 | duillag=109-144 | doi=10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60331-9 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta kuse dy rannagyn steab nieunagh breh ny h-oohyn oc er laare y cheyll as cur currey orroo, chammah as freayll ad tash liorish jannoo mooin orroo. Erreish daue guirr, ta’n ayr ny moir (croghey er y dooie) garraghey ad er y drommey echey/eck da [[bromeliad]] as ushtey ayn. Lurg shen, nee yn voir cur bee daue, liorish breh oohyn neulhearee ‘syn ushtey. Rannagyn elley, t’ad ymmyrkey lhieu ny h-oohyn (ny rannagyn aegey) er ny lurgaghyn sjerree ny’n drommey oc (myr sampleyr, y [[rannag reealt]], dooieyn ''Alytes''). Ta kuse dy rannagyn eer ymmyrkey lhieu ny cloan oc sthie y chorp oc hene. Y [[rannag phoagey]] Austrailagh firrinagh, ta poagaghyn er y lhiattee echey, raad ta ny rannagyn aegey cummal derrey t’ad caghlaa cummey. Y [[rannag Gharwin]] (''Rhinoderma darwinii'') ayns y Çhillee, t’ee cur ny rannagyn aegey stiagh ‘sy poagey coraagh eck. Y [[rannag volg-ghuirragh]] Austrailagh (''Rheobatrachus''), t’ee sluggey ny rannagyn aegey eck, as t’ad gaase sthie y volg eck. Son shen y yannoo, ta’n rannag scuirr taaley geayr ghailley as scuirr gluggal gailley. S’cosoylagh dy vel y rannag shoh anvio nish. === Yllagh === Kuse dy eamyn rannag, t’ad cho tharmaneagh, nod oo ad nyn clashtyn meilley ersooyl<ref>Myr sampleyr, jeeagh er, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070617173306/http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/publications/amphibians/frogs.htm Ohio's Toads and Frogs] liorish Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2007-07-18.</ref>. Ta eam er lheh ec dagh dooie. T’ad gyllagh liorish aer y chur trooid ny goolag oc. Dy mennick, ta poagey coraagh oc: far-chrackan fo y scoarnagh, ny er uillin y veill, ta sheeyney magh traa t’ad gyllagh. Dooieyn elley, ta [[shamyr aavuilley]] oc son dy vooadaghey yn eam oc. Dooieyn gyn eam tharmaneagh, t’ad cummal faggys da awinyn son y chooid smoo, as y sheean jeu follaghtyn eam erbee. Son y chooid smoo, ta rannagyn gyllagh son dy chleayney ven. Ta fir gyllagh ny lomarcan ny ayns possan. Mraane ayns kuse dy ghooie, t’ad gyllagh erash <ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Roy | kied=Debjani | blein=1997 | ennym=Communication signals and sexual selection in amphibians | earishlioar=Current Science | ym-lioar=72 | duillag= 923-927 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta eam seyrey jeant ec rannag firrinagh my ta fer elley geabbey dy ghrappal. Ymmodee dooieyn grianchryssagh, ta eam fliaghey oc as ad gyllagh roish t’eh ceau fliaghey. Ta eam çheeragh ec kuse dy ghooie chammah, son dy imman ergooyl fir elley. Ooilley ny h-eamyn shoh, t’ad goll er jannoo liorish beeal doont. == Rheam as stayd freayltys == [[Coadan:Bufo periglenes1.jpg|thumb|left|(''Ollotis periglenes'') – er ny fakin ny sjerree ayns 1989]] Ta rannagyn cummal harrish y teihll, faggys, agh cha nel ad cummal ayns [[yn Antarctagh]] ny ayns ymmodee ellanyn ny marrey<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl |ennym = Freaky Frogs | kiangley =http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0403/articles/mainarticle.html | screeudeyr = [[National Geographic]] Explorer | date = 2007-07-18}}</ref><ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://evolution-facts.org/Ev-V3/3evlch27.htm | ennym=Evolution Encyclopedia, Volume 3: Geographical Distribution | date=2007-07-18 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta’n chooid smoo jeh rannagyn ry-akin ayns buill grianchryssagh, raad ta ushtey ry-gheddyn dy aashagh. Ta kuse dy rannagyn cummal ayns ardjyn çhirrym, raad nagh vel monney ushtey ry-gheddyn; ta feme oc er troyn er lheh son bea. Ta’n kynney Austrailagh ''[[Cyclorana]]'' as y kynney Americaanagh ''[[Pternohyla]]'' goanluckey ad hene fo-halloo, cur cocoon jeen mygeayrt y moo, as cadley fud ny h-earishyn çhirrym. Tra vees eh ceau fliaghey, bee ad çheet magh feddyn loghan shallidagh, as geddyn sliught. Ta aase ny h-oohyn feer tappee cosoylaghey rish rannagyn elley, as er y fa shen bee ad aasit dy liooar roish ta’n ushtey caillt oc. Rannagyn elley, t’ad er gormal rish çhymyllaght feayr. Myr sampleyr, y [[rannag villagh]] ayns twoaie [[Cryss yn Arctagh|Chryss yn Arctagh]], t’ee goanluckey ee hene fo-halloo car y gheuree, as cooid mooar jeh’n chorp eck riojey. Ta shymley mooar jannoo er rannagyn. T’ad credjal dy vel gaue baase er ny smoo na treen jeh ny dooieyn t’ayn, as dy vel ny smoo na 120 dooie er ngeddyn baase neayr’s ny 1980yn. <ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=Stuart | kied=S.N. | coscreeudeyryn= J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, B.E. Young, A.S.L. Rodrigues, D.L. Fischman, as R.W. Waller | blein=2004 | ennym=Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide | earishlioar=Science | ym-lioar=306 | duillag=1783-1786 | doi=10.1126/science.1103538 | pmid=15486254 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Ta ny dooieyn shoh goaill stiagh y [[rannag airhey]] ayns Costa Rica as yn rannag volg-ghuirragh ayns yn Austrail. Ta caill oayllys fa mooar son shen, chammah as sollaghey, caghlaa speyr, cragheyderyn neughooghyssagh, as çhingyssyn noa, goaill stiagh [[chytridiomycosis]]. Ta ymmodee bea-oayllee credjal dy vel daa-veaghee nyn [[dooie cowrey|nooieyn cowrey]] mie bentyn rish slaynt y [[corys-vea]], er coontey dy vel ad meanagh ‘syn [[eggey bee]], dy vel crackan neuyeenagh oc, as dy vel bea jeh daa cheim oc (laarvey ‘syn ushtey as rannag aasit er y thalloo)<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree=Phillips | kied=Kathryn | ennym=Tracking the Vanishing Frogs | boayl=New York | soilsheyder=Penguin Books | blein=1994 | isbn=0-14-024646-0 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Rere’n fys t’ayn, ta’n shymley jannoo ny smoo er dooieyn ta croghey er yn ushtey dy trome (ooh as laarvey ushtagh oc). Adsyn ta gaase stiagh ‘syn voir, t’ad tannaghtyn ny share.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://www.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96359.x | ennym=Blackwell Synergy - Conservation Biology, Volume 12 Issue 1 Page 106-117, February 1998 (Article Abstract) | soilsheyder=Blackwell-synergy | date= | datefeddyn=2008-11-03 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Rere studeyryn Canaadagh ayns 2006, ta traaght mooar ny ghaue mooar da rannagyn <ref>{{enmysearishlioar | ennym=Frog population decrease mostly due to traffic | screeudeyr= | earishlioar=New Scientist | boayl=advance online | date=2006-07-07 | kiangley=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9506-frogs-toads-and-automobiles--a-fatal-combination.html | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ny keayrtyn, ta eabyn [[sheelraghey fo cappeeys]] er jeet lhieu, as shen cur cooney da rannagyn feie<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4298050.stm | ennym=BBC NEWS &#124; Science/Nature &#124; New frog centre for London Zoo | soilsheyder=BBC | sjerree= Black | Richard |datefeddyn=2008-11-03 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref><ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/p-corroboree/part4.html |ennym=National recovery plan for the Southern Corroboree Frog (Pseudophryne corroboree): 5. Previous Recovery Actions | soilsheyder=Environment.gov.au | | datefeddyn=2008-11-03 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ayns Mee ny Boaldyn 2007, hie eh er soilshaghey magh dy nod oo cur coadey da daa-veaghee noi chytridiomycosis liorish cur daue [[bacteyryn beaghee]] er lheh<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://www.physorg.com/news99134333.html | ennym=Bacteria show promise in fending off global amphibian killer | soilsheyder=Physorg.com | date= | datefeddyn=2008-11-03 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. She Blein y Rannag 2008, son tastey y chur er y chooish freayll t’ec rannagyn <ref>{{enmysearishlioar | sjerree=MacNeill | kied=R. | ennym=Saving Kermit | earishlioar=Canadian Geographic Magazine | date=2008-04-01 | duillag=19 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. == Aafilley == [[Coadan:Fossilised frog.jpg|thumb|right|Rannag fosslit veih’n [[Yn Phobblaght Çheck|Phobblaght Çheck]], ''[[Palaeobatrachus gigas]]'', foddee.]] Derrey hooar ad ''[[Gerobatrachus hottoni]]'', fossyl rannagagh as troyn lossagagh echey, she ''[[Triadobatrachus]] massinoti'' va’n proto-rannag shinney as fys er. Va ''[[Triadobatrachus]] massinoti'' bio ‘syn [[Yn Eash Triassagh|Eash Triassagh]], ayns [[Madagascar]]<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | sjerree=Cannatella | kied=David | ennym=Triadobatrachus massinoti | kiangley=http://www.tolweb.org/Triadobatrachus_massinoti/16962 | obbyr=Tree of Life | date=1995 | datefeddyn=2008-06-26 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Va claigin rannaghagh echey, agh ny smoo [[vertebra]]ghyn chammah, as adsyn ‘sy famman, cha ad row colheit. Ec rannag yeianagh, ta vertebraghyn y famman colheit as ad jannoo yn [[gimmijey]]. Cha nel craueyn ny lurgey colheit noadyr, as er y fa shen, s’cosoylagh nagh row ''Triadobatrachus'' ny lheimmeyder fondagh. Y feer rannag sleaie, shen ''[[Vieraella herbsti]]'', as ee bio ‘syn [[Yn Eash Jurassagh|Eash Jurassagh]] – mysh 213 millioon bleeantyn er-dy-henney. Cha nel fys ayn agh er unnane sampleyr j’ee; t’ad gra dy row eh mysh 33mm er lhiurid. Va ''[[Notobatrachus degiustoi]]'' ny rannag y Yurassagh veanagh, mysh 170 millioon bleeantyn er-dy-henney. S’cosoylagh dy row aafilley ''Anura'' jeianagh jeant roish jerrey yn Eash Jurassagh. Y caghlaaghyn mooar jeant eck, she girraghey y corp as coayl y famman ad. Y clane rannag fossylagh t’ayn, she [[sanyanlichan]] ee. Va’n rannag shoh bio 125 millioon bleeantyn er-dy-henney <ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym=China Yields East Asia's Earliest Fossilized Frog | kiangley=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200111/20/eng20011120_84925.shtml | obbyr=People's Daily | date=2001-11-20 | datefeddyn=2008-06-26 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Va troyn rannag yeianagh eck, ga dy row 9 vertebraghyn roie-sacral eck. Cha nel agh 8 ec y rannag yeianagh.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | ennym=Chinese frog discovery sheds light on amphibians' evolution | kiangley=http://www.dhamurian.org.au/zoology/chinesefrog.html | obbyr=The Dhamurian Society | soilsheyder=Australian Broadcasting Company | date=2001-11-20 | datefeddyn=2008-06-26 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> == Rannagyn as deiney == Ta kuse dy ymmydyn jeant jeh rannagyn. Ayns muse dy vuill, t’ad nyn mee; myr sampleyr, ayns [[Yn Çheen|y Çheen]], [[Yn Rank|y Rank]], [[Yn Ghreag|y Ghreag]] hwoaie, as buill ayns [[ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]]. Ny keayrtyn, ta sleih jannoo ymmyd jeh rannagyn son dy ynsaghey corp-yiarrey. Ta rannagyn er ve nyn sampleyryn scanshoil fud shennaghys oaylleeaght. Hooar magh [[Luigi Galvani]] y kiangley eddyr [[lectraght]] as y [[corys nearag]] liorish studeyrys er rannagyn. (''Xenopus laevis''), y [[rannag inginagh Affrickagh]], ren ad ymmyd j’ee son prowal torraghys anmagh ‘sy 20oo eash. Ayns 1952, ren [[Robert Briggs]] as [[Thomas J. King]] dooblaghey rannag liorish [[arraghey çheshvean chillag somatagh]]. Shen y chied keayrt dy row peiagh erbee er nyannoo arraghey çheshveanagh ayns [[metazoa]]. <ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://newton.nap.edu/html/biomems/rbriggs.html | ennym=Robert W. Briggs Biographical Memoir | datefeddyn=2006-04-22 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref> Mastey beiyn gyn bleayst er yn ooh, ta’n mooinjerys eddyr rannagyn as deiney mastey ny s’faggys. Gyn y vleayst shoh, she ny sassey t’eh dy ‘akin ny ta taghyrt. Er y fa shoh, t’ad jannoo ymmyd jeh rannagyn son ronsaghey dooblaghey, as [[mwane-oaylleeaght]]. Ga dy vel prowallyn elley ayn, ta bea-oayllee jannoo ymmyd jeh ''Xenopus'' myr [[bioag sampleyr]] foast, er y fa dy vel eh aashagh troggal ee as dy vel mwane vooar eck. Ayns yn 21oo eash, t’ad çheet dy yannoo ymmyd jeh ''X. tropicalis'', mooinjer sloo jee, er y fa dy nod ee geddyn sliught as ee queig meeaghyn d’eash; shegin da ''X. laevis'' ve harrish blein d’eash<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley=http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HD-01-008.html | ennym=Developing the potential of ''Xenopus tropicalis'' as a genetic model | datefeddyn=2006-03-09 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. Ta ''X. tropicalis'' lhiggey daue jannoo studeyrys er ymmodee sheeloghyn ny s’tappee. == Rannagyn as cultoor == [[Coadan:Frog Moche pottery Larco museum side.jpg|thumb|right|Rannag Moche, 200 B.N.J. ayns [[Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera|Çhaglym Hie Tashtee Larco]], Lima, Yn Pheroo.]] Ta rannagyn ry-akin dy mennick ayns [[far-skeealyn]], [[beeal-arrish]] as cultoor cadjin. Ta sampleyryn goaill stiagh [[Skeeal y Prinse Rannag|''Y Prinse Rannag'']], as [[Kermit the Frog]]. “Skeeal y Prinse Rannag”, she far-skeeal mychione rannag eh, as erreish da goaill paag, t’eh caghlaa dys prinse braew. “Kermit the Frog”, she karracteyr eh er ''[[The Muppet Show]]'' as ''[[Sesame Street]]'', as eh feer scruppylagh. Ga dy vel eh caarjoil as schleioil, t’eh ry-akin dy mennick as eh jonsey, er coontey ymmyrkey ro-ghaaney ny karracteyryn smoo ymmodee-taishbynagh. Y sleih [[Moche]] ayns [[Yn Pheroo|y Çhenn Pheroo]], v’ad cur ooashley da beiyn, as ta ymmodee rannagyn ry-akin ‘syn elley v’oc<ref>{{enmyslioar | sjerree=Berrin | kied=Katherine | coscreeudeyryn=Larco Museum | ennym=The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. | boayl=York Noa | soilsheyder=Thames and Hudson | blein=1997 | çhengey = Baarle }}</ref>. == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} == Imraaghyn elley == <div class="references-small"> * {{enmyslioar | sjerree=Beltz | kied=Ellin | blein=2005 | ennym=Frogs: Inside their Remarkable World | soilsheyder=Firefly Books | isbn=1552978699 | çhengey = Baarle }} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree=Cogger | kied=H.G. | coscreeudeyryn=R.G. Zweifel, & D. Kirschner | blein=2004 | ennym=Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians Second Edition | soilsheyder=Fog City Press | isbn=1-877019-69-0 | çhengey = Baarle }} * Estes, R., & O. A. Reig. (1973). "The early fossil record of frogs: a review of the evidence." dg. 11-63 In J. L. Vial (Re.), ''Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems''. University of Missouri Press, Columbia. * {{enmysearishlioar | sjerree = Gissi | kied= Carmela | ennym = Mitochondrial phylogeny of Anura (Amphibia): A case study of congruent phylogenetic reconstruction using amino acid and nucleotide characters | doi = 10.1016/j.gene.2005.07.034 | earishlioar = Gene | ym-lioar = 366 | duillag = 228-237 | date = 2006-02-01 | coscreeudeyryn = Diego San Mauro, Graziano Pesole & Rafael Zardoya | çhengey = Baarle }} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree=Holman | kied=J. A. | blein=2004 | ennym=Fossil Frogs and Toads of North America | soilsheyder=Indiana University Press | isbn=0-253-34280-5 | çhengey = Baarle }} * {{enmysearishlioar | sjerree = San Mauro | kied= Diego | ennym = Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea | kiangley = http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AN/journal/issues/v165n5/40546/40546.html | earishlioar = American Naturalist | ym-lioar = 165 | duillag = 590-599 | date= 2005-05-01 | coscreeudeyryn = Miguel Vences, Marina Alcobendas, Rafael Zardoya & Axel Meyer | doi = 10.1086/429523 | çhengey = Baarle }} * {{enmyslioar | sjerree=Tyler | kied=M. J. | blein=1994 | ennym=Australian Frogs A Natural History | soilsheyder=Reed Books | isbn=0-7301-0468-0 | çhengey = Baarle }} </div> == Kianglaghyn mooie == * [http://amphibiaweb.org AmphibiaWeb] * [http://www-itg.lbl.gov/ITG.hm.pg.docs/Whole.Frog/Whole.Frog.html The Whole Frog Project] – far-chorp-yiarray as ronsaghey-kirpey lesh ronnagyn * ''[http://raysweb.net/specialplaces/pages/frogsdecline.html Disappearance of toads, frogs has some scientists worried]'' - ''San Francisco Chronicle'', Averil 20, 1992 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070417173810/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/wildbritain/springwatch/ Recording UK frogspawn sightings] - Springwatch 2006 * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/browse_imgs/amphibian_sci_1.html Amphibian photo gallery by scientific name] – jallooyn jeh ram rannagyn, as ram jeu quaagh * [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000A2086-B7D6-12F7-B7D683414B7F0000&ref=sciam Scientific American: Researchers Pinpoint Source of Poison Frogs' Deadly Defenses]'' === Sheean as feeshag === * [http://markus.nolf.org/blog.php?p=160 Aase oohyn rannagyn] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150813082330/http://www.midwestfrogs.com/ Yllee rannagyn] – Rannagyn gyllagh, as co-akinyn marish fir-oayllee mychione cooishyn rannagyn * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212723/http://www.naturenorth.com/spring/sound/shfr2snd.html Yllee rannagyn ayns Yn Chanadey] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070824064956/http://www.naturesound.com/frogs/frogs.html Yllee rannagyn ayns ny SUA hiar] {{rangyn bea-oaylleeagh}} [[Ronney:Daa-veaghee]] [[Ronney:Beiyn nieunagh]] qmxfv9fsqxoski5tr6guzgf593anp9u Yr Wyddgrug 0 17048 393608 356032 2026-09-25T03:11:39Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kishtey fys boayl | ennym_oikoil_gienneydagh = | ennym_oikoil = | ennym = | çhengey_ennym_dooghyssagh = Bretnish | ennym_dooghyssagh = Yr Wyddgrug | çhengey_ennym_elley = Baarle | ennym_elley = Mold | enmys_bunneeaght = | far-ennym = | sorçh_balley = [[Balley coontae]] as [[boodeeys (Bretyn)|boodeeys]] | jarroo-raa = | jalloo_bun_speyrey = Mold_High_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2321822.jpg | mooadys_jalloo = | fo-heidyl_jalloo = Raad Mooar car y Nollick | jalloo_brattagh = | mooadys_brattagh = | jalloo_armys = | kiangley_armys = | mooadys_armys = | caslys-çheerey_broo-freeney=Vretin | fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey_broo-freeney = Soiaghey Yr Wyddgrug ayns Bretyn | jalloo_caslys-çheerey = | mooadys_caslys-çheerey = | jalloo_caslys-çheerey1 = | mooadys_caslys-çheerey1 = | fo-heidyl_caslys-çheerey = | sorçh_aarheynn = [[Rolley çheeraghyn y theihill|Çheer]] | ennym_aarheynn = {{brattagh|the United Kingdom|Reeriaght Unnaneysit}} | sorçh_aarheynn1 = [[Çheeraghyn y Reeriaght Unnaneysit|Çheer cho-ayrnagh]] | ennym_aarheynn1 = {{brattagh|Wales|Bretyn}} | sorçh_aarheynn2 = [[Coondaeghyn Vretin|Coontae]] | ennym_aarheynn2 = [[Sir y Fflint]] | sorçh_aarheynn3 = [[Ardjyn Vretin|Coontae Freilt]] | ennym_aarheynn3 = [[Clwyd]] | sorçh_aarheynn4 = [[Shenn choondaeghyn Vretin|Shenn choontae]] | ennym_aarheynn4 = [[Sir y Fflint]] | sorçh_reiltys = [[Coonceil Choontae]] | colught_reirey = [[Coonceil Choontae Sir y Fflint]] | enmys_fer-toshee = [[Meoir]] | ennym_fer-toshee = [[Ray Dodd]] | enmys_fer-toshee1 = [[Oltey Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|OHAyn]] | ennym_fer-toshee1 = [[Sandy Mewies]]<br>[[Carl Sargeant]] | enmys_fer-toshee2 = [[MP|MPyn]] | ennym_fer-toshee2 = [[David Hanson (politickeyr)|David Hanson]]<br> [[Mark Tami]] | enmys_fer-toshee3 = [[Oltey Ard-whaiyl ny h-Oarpey|OAOyn]] | ennym_fer-toshee3 = [[John Bufton]], [[Jill Evans]], [[Kay Swinburne]], [[Derek Vaughan]] | enmys_bunneeaght1 = Cashtal Yr Wyddgrug | date_bunneeaght1 = Mysh 1140 BNJ | enmys_bunneeaght2 = | date_bunneeaght2 = | enmys_bunneeaght3 = Balley coontae | date_bunneeaght3 = 1974-1996 BNJ | enmys_bunneeaght4 = | date_bunneeaght4 = | enmys_bunneeaght5 = | date_bunneeaght5 = | sorçh_slane = | slane_eaghtyr_km2= | slane_eaghtyr_mi_ker = | mooadys_eaghtyr = | eaghtyr_baljagh_km2 = | eaghtyr_baljagh_mi_ker = | eaghtyr_moir_km2 = | eaghtyr_moir_mi_ker = | earroo_yn_phobble_er = 2010 | slane_earroo_yn_phobble = 9,568<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=800990&c=mold&d=16&e=15&g=414668&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1337115130148&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 | obbyr = Parish Headcounts | ennym = Mold Community (Parish)| soilsheyder = Office for National Statistics | datefeddyn = 2012-05-14}}</ref> | earroo_yn_phobble_baljagh = | earroo_yn_phobble_moir = | glooaght_y_phobble_km2 = | glooaght_y_phobble_mi_ker = | sorçh_deynoaylleeaght1 = | fys1_deynoaylleeaght1= | enmys1_deynoaylleeaght1 = | fys2_deynoaylleeaght1= | enmys2_deynoaylleeaght1 = | fys3_deynoaylleeaght1= | enmys3_deynoaylleeaght1 = | fys4_deynoaylleeaght1= | enmys4_deynoaylleeaght1 = | fys5_deynoaylleeaght1= | enmys5_deynoaylleeaght1 = | fo-noteyn_deynoaylleeaght1 = | sorçh_deynoaylleeaght2 = | fys1_deynoaylleeaght2 = | enmys1_deynoaylleeaght2 = | fo-noteyn_deynoaylleeaght2 = | cryss_hraa = [[Traa Mean Ghreenwich]] | ashchur_utc = +0 | cryss_hraa_TTSL = [[Traa Houree Ghoaldagh]] | ashchur_utc_TTSL = +1 | latd=53|latm=10|lats=31|latNS=N | longd=3|longm=8|longs=5|longEW=W | sorçh_coor = | taishbyney_coordnaidyn=inline,title | yrjid_m = | sorçh_coad_postagh = Coad postagh | coad_postagh = [[Ard postagh CH|CH7]] | coad_ardjynagh = 01352 | blank3_name = [[Corys coadyn cleeah ashoonagh Goaldagh|Coad OS]] | blank3_info = SJ237640 | blank4_name = Rheynn-reih [[Çhionnal Ashoonagh Vretin|Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin]] | blank4_info = [[Delyn (rheynn-reih Hionnal Ashoonagh Vretin)|Delyn]] | blank5_name = Rheynn-reih [[Ard-whaiyl Hostyn]] | blank5_info = [[Delyn (rheynn-reih Ard-whaiyl Hostyn)|Delyn]] | blank6_name = Rheynn-reih [[Ard-whaiyl ny h-Oarpey|ny h-Oarpey]] | blank6_info = Bretyn | ynnyd-eggey = [http://www.moldtowncouncil.org.uk/ www.moldtowncouncil.gov.uk] }} She balley ayns [[Sir y Fflint]] ayns [[Bretin]] hiar hwoaie eh '''{{lang|cy|Yr Wyddgrug}}''' ({{lang-en|'''Mold'''}}). T'eh soit er crossag eddyr [[Rhuthun]] 'sy çheear as [[Çhaayr]] 'sy çhiar, faggys da'n [[A494]]. Çheu heear jeh'n valley, ta'n thalloo girree myr [[Crink Chlwyd]]. ==Shennaghys== Rere beeal-arrish, chagg ad [[Caggey yn Hallelulia]] mysh meeiley sheear jeh'n valley jeianagh ayns [[430 BNJ]]. Hooar ny [[Bretnee]] fo stiurey [[Germanus dy Auxerre]] y varriaght harrish noidyn [[paganaght|paganagh]]. Ren [[Keayrt quaiyllagh Phrinseyn Ghwynedd|quaiyll cheayrtagh]] [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]] çhaglym ayns Yr Wyddgrug er 22 Jerrey Souree 1273. Va cashtal 'sy valley ayns ny [[Mean Eashyn]], as ta'n boayl er fys myr [[Bryn y Beili]], ny ard ny theay foast. Hie y cashtal er goaill ayns 1245 ec [[Dafydd ap Llywelyn]]. [[Coadan:British Museum gold thing 501594 fh000035.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[Breid yr Wyddgrug]]]] Ayns 1833, va fir obbree seyr stiagh ayns carnane tullagh roie-shenndeeagh ec Bryn yr Ellyllon tra hooar ad [[Breid yr Wyddgrug|breid airhey]] gyn cosoylaght voish 1900-1600 RJC 'syn [[Eash Ooha]]. T'eh 560g er trimmid, as jeant ass un chaag airhey. Dy meeaighar, v'eh brisht tra hooar ad eh, as ren ad rheynn ny peeshyn mastey ny fir obbree as Mnr. Langford, [[eirinagh maillee]] y vagher. Ren saggyrt yr Wyddgrug recortys jeh, as hug y [[Thie Tashtee Goaldagh]] my ner eh. Ayns 1836 ren Langford geeck y peesh v'echey da'n Thie Tashtee, as haink ad lesh geddyn erash ny peeshyn elley son y chooid smoo. Ta'n vreid mastey couryn y Thie Tashtee ayns Lunnin.<ref>{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_prb/t/the_mold_gold_cape.aspx | ennym = The Mold gold cape | soilsheyder = British Museum | datefeddyn = 2012-05-25 }}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{enmyseddyrvoggyl | kiangley = http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/sites/flintshire/pages/cape.shtml | ennym = Mold cape | soilsheyder = BBC Wales | datefeddyn = 2012-05-25 }}</ref> ==Ennymoillee== *[[Rheinallt ap Gruffudd]] (?-1465), çhiarn y toor as fer toshee çheer-ghraihah ren fendeil Cashtal Harlech ayns [[Caggaghyn ny Roseyn]]. *[[Richard Wilson (ellyneyr)|Richard Wilson]] (1714-1782). Ta oaie yn ellyneyr ayns ruillick ny h-agglish. *[[John Humphreys Parry]] ny John Humffreys Parry (1786 - 1825), ny reagheyder, naighteyder as graihder shenn reddyn. *[[John Blackwell (Alun)]] (1797-1841), ny vard. *[[Thomas Jones (Glan Alun)]] (1811-1866), ny vard. *[[John Ambrose Lloyd]] (1815-1874). Kiaulleyder as cohoiagher. *[[Daniel Owen]] (1836-1895), ny noaskeealagh. Ta'n oaie achey ayns ruillick y valley. ==Eisteddfod Ashoonagh== Haggil [[Eisteddfod Genedlaethol]] ayns yr Wyddgrug ayns 1923, 1991 as 2007. *[[Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru yr Wyddgrug 1923]] *[[Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru yr Wyddgrug 1991]] *[[Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru Sir y Fflint a'r Cyffiniau 2007]] ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category|Mold, Flintshire|Yr Wyddgrug}} * [http://www.moldtowncouncil.org.uk/ Coonseil Valley Yr Wyddgrug] * [http://www.moldfoodfestival.co.uk/ Mold Food and Drink Festival] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/cymru/gogleddddwyrain/safle/wyddgrug/ Ynnyd-eggey BBC Wales (Bretnish)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120704132728/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/sites/mold_town/ Ynnyd-eggey BBC Wales (Baarle)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060808181407/http://moldweb.co.uk/ Ynnyd-eggey boodeeysagh] * [http://www.geograph.org.uk/search.php?i=2742146 www.geograph.co.uk : caslyssyn-soilshey] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wyddgrug}} [[Ronney:Yr Wyddgrug| ]] [[Ronney:Baljyn ayns Sir y Fflint]] [[Ronney:Baljyn coontae ayns Bretyn]] [[Ronney:Baljyn ayns Mark-heer Vretyn]] [[Ronney:Aa-valjyn coontae ayns Bretyn]] [[Ronney:Boodeeyssyn ayns Sir y Fflint]] erorx6v9qssmhx0ydhzj5z7v8tmwzrf Brattagh yn Ookraan 0 21400 393576 362763 2026-09-25T00:06:14Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393576 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Coadan:Flag of Ukraine.svg|thumb|250px|right|[[Coadan:FIAV normal.svg|23px]] Corrillagh brattagh: 2:3]] Ta '''[[brattagh ashoonagh]] [[yn Ookraan]]''' jeant ass daa voandey co-chruinnagh gorrym as buigh ([[Bunraght yn Ookraan]], Art 20). Ta'n cochiangle jeh gorrym as buigh myr cowrey ny thallooyn Ookraanagh çheet as brattagh [[Reeriaght y Ghaleesh-Volhynia]] va ymmydit 'sy 12oo eash. Myr brattagh ashoonagh, ta'n daaghaagh gorrym as buigh er ny ymmyd dy h-oikoil voish [[Caghlaaghyn Mooarey 1848]] tra v'eh croghit harrish [[Halley Baljey Lviv|Rathaus Lviv]]. V'eh doltit myr brattagh steat ayns 1918 liorish [[Pobblaght Heayagh yn Ookraan Heear]] as ny lurg liorish [[Pobblaght Heayagh yn Ookraan]]. Tra va'n Ookraan 'syn [[Yn Unnaneys Soveidjagh|Unnaneys Soveidjagh]] myr [[Pobblaght Hoveidjagh Hoshiallagh yn Ookraan]] cha row eh leighoil yn brattagh shen y chroghey. Va'n brattagh doltit dy shallidagh son sharmanyssyn oikoil reesht ayns Mean Fouyir 1991 lurg seyrsnys yn Ookraan. Hooar y brattagh staydys oikoil reesht er 28 Jerrey Geuree 1992 liorish [[parlamaid yn Ookraan]].<ref>[http://www.unian.info/society/1747301-ukraines-national-flag-celebrating-25th-anniversary-today.html Ukraine’s national flag celebrating 25th anniversary today], [[UNIAN]] (28 Jerrey Geuree 2017)</ref><ref name="Symbolsx2">{{cite news|last=Trach|first=Nataliya|url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/the-story-behind-2-top-ukrainian-symbols-national-flag-and-trident-421675.html|title=The story behind 2 top Ukrainian symbols: National flag and trident|publisher=''Kyiv Post''|date=26 Luanistyn 2016|accessdate=27 Luanistyn2016}}</ref> Ta'n Ookraan kelloorey [[Laa yn Vrattagh Ashoonagh (yn Ookraan)|Laa yn Vrattagh]] dagh blein er 23 Luanistyn voish 2004.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131007221207/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-08/23/c_131803737.htm Ukraine celebrates National Flag Day], [[Jantys Naight Xinhua]] (23 Luanistyn, 2012)<br />[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv/ceremony-of-hoisting-ukraines-national-flag-held-a-111423.html Ceremony of hoisting Ukraine's national flag held at presidential administration], ''[[Kyiv Post]]'' (23 Luanistyn, 2011)<br />[http://tsn.ua/ukrayina/ukrayina-vidznachaye-den-derzhavnogo-prapora.html Україна відзначає День Державного прапора "On Tuesday, August 23, all of Ukraine celebrates National Flag Day. Measures to raise the national flag are planned throughout the country."], [[1+1 (bollagh)|1+1]] (23 Luanistyn, 2011)</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ookraan}} [[Ronney:Bratteeyn yn Ookraan| ]] [[Ronney:Bratteeyn ashoonagh]] [[Ronney:Cowraghyn ashoonagh yn Ookraan|Brattagh]] [[Ronney:Bratteeyn buigh as gorrym]] [[Ronney:Bratteeyn currit stiagh 'sy vlein 1918]] [[Ronney:Bratteeyn currit stiagh 'sy vlein 1991]] [[Ronney:Bratteeyn currit stiagh 'sy vlein 1992]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Ookraan 'sy vlein 1918|Brattagh]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Ookraan 'sy vlein 1991|Brattagh]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'syn Ookraan 'sy vlein 1992|Brattagh]] [[Ronney:Bratteeyn daaghaagh]] [[ROnney:Bratteeyn shimmeadragh co-chruinnagh]] jiucg55jsyoqb4u3gjillq3sg3zr9m9 Rolley ny h-olteynyn ayns Halley Foaynoo AVN 0 22330 393598 372153 2026-09-25T02:18:44Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393598 wikitext text/x-wiki Ta Halley Foaynoo [[Aundyryn AVN|''AVN'']] (''Adult Video News'') cur ammys dauesyn er son yn obbyr oc 'sy [[çhynskyl pornograafagh]] voish y vlein 1995.<ref>[https://avn.com/business/articles/video/AVN-Awards-Show-3-Decades-of-Rewarding-XXXcellence-499858.html "AVN Awards Show: 3 Decades of Rewarding XXXcellence"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006151242/https://avn.com/business/articles/video/AVN-Awards-Show-3-Decades-of-Rewarding-XXXcellence-499858.html |date=2016-10-06 }}, 14 Jerrey Geuree 2013, Feddynit er 4 Mean Fouyir 2016</ref> Ta ny h-olteynyn t'er lhiggey stiagh 'sy halley foaynoo er n'yanoo "cohoyrtyssyn mooarey 'sy çhynskyl pornograafagh" as dy vel "10 bleeaney er y chooid sloo oc 'sy çhynskyl" roish my vel ad smooinit son yndughtaghey.<ref name="avn.com">{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/class-of-2017-the-new-inductees-into-the-avn-hall-of-fame-707363.html|title=Class of 2017: The AVN Hall of Fame's Newest Inductees|work=AVN|accessdate=29 Nollick 2016|urlstatus=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229171303/https://avn.com/business/articles/video/class-of-2017-the-new-inductees-into-the-avn-hall-of-fame-707363.html|archivedate=29 Nollick 2016}}</ref> Ta shiartanse dy vanglaneyn ayn ayns Halley Foaynoo ''AVN'' *Olteynyn - aghteyryn as stiureyderyn fo'n ''AVN'' bunneydagh<ref name="avn.com"/> *Banglane Kiannoortagh - dauseyn ta coontit myr deiney ogheragh as ta gobbraghey 'sy chooylrey ayns oikyn corpraidagh, ayns creckyn, ayns margeeys ny ayns ynsagh<ref name="avn.com"/> *Banglane ny Bunneyderyn - dauesyn ren croo ny colughtyn toshee *Banglane ny Gientynyn Taitnyssagh - dauesyn ta croo, rheynn ny creck [[gaih keintys|gaihaghyn keintys]] *Banglane ny Bunneyderyn Eddyr-voggylagh - dauesyn ren croo y rheynnag er-linney ==Olteynyn== Enmyn as bleeantyn lhiggey stiagh ny h-olteynyn. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:98%;" |- ! Oltey ! Blein |- | [[Buck Adams]] | |- | [[Tracey Adams]] | 1995 |- | [[Asa Akira]] | 2019 |- | [[Monique Alexander]] | 2017 |- | [[Alexis Amore]] | 2018 |- | [[Juliet Anderson]] | |- | [[Brittany Andrews]] | 2008 |- | [[Gabrielle Anex]] | 2019 |- | [[Joanna Angel]] | 2016 |- | [[Eva Angelina]] | 2018 |- | [[Julia Ann]] | 2004 |- | [[Lisa Ann]] | 2009 |- | [[Brad Armstrong (stiureder)|Brad Armstrong]] | 2004 |- | [[Jay Ashley]] | 2008 |- | [[Kaitlyn Ashley]] | 2001 |- | [[Juli Ashton]] | 2012 |- | [[James Avalon]] | 2005 |- | [[Ebony Ayes]] | 2025 |- | [[Lois Ayres]] | 1998 |- | [[Bill Bailey (aghteyr pornograafagh)|Bill Bailey]] | 2020 |- | [[Briana Banks]] | 2009 |- | [[Nyomi Banxxx]] | 2022 |- | [[Kandi Barbour]] | 2013 |- | [[Rebecca Bardoux]] | 2007 |- | [[Lexi Belle]] | 2019 |- | [[Belladonna (aghteyr)|Belladonna]] | 2011 |- | [[Nikki Benz]] | 2016 |- | [[Bionca]] | |- | [[Rob Zicari|Rob Black]] | 2012 |- | [[Tori Black]] | 2022 |- | [[Barrett Blade]] | 2014 |- | [[Andrew Blake (stiureyder)|Andrew Blake]] | 1996 |- | [[Bunny Bleu]] | 1997 |- | [[Ashley Blue]] | 2013 |- | [[Mick Blue]] | 2017 |- | [[Skye Blue]] | 2008 |- | [[Vanessa Blue]] | 2013 |- | [[Robert Kerman|R. Bolla]] | 1997 |- | [[Rene Bond]] | 1998 |- | [[John T. Bone]] | 2001 |- | [[Leslie Bovee]] | |- | [[T.T. Boy]] | 2003 |- | [[Erica Boyer]] | |- | [[Axel Braun]] | 2011 |- | [[Lasse Braun]] | 1999 |- | [[Kianna Bradley]] | 2026 |- | [[Frank Bukkwyd]] | 2019 |- | [[Robert Bullock (aghteyr)|Robert Bullock]] | 1995 |- | [[Jerry Butler (aghteyr)|Jerry Butler]] | 1998 |- | [[Seymore Butts]] | 2005 |- | [[Tom Byron]] | |- | [[Stuart Canterbury]] | 2017 |- | [[Christy Canyon]] | |- | [[Mary Carey (aghteyr)|Mary Carey]] | 2013 |- | [[Michael Carpenter (aghteyr)|Michael Carpenter]] | 1997 |- | [[Asia Carrera]] | 2001 |- | [[Kagney Linn Karter]] | 2025 |- | [[Cassidey]] | 2017 |- | [[Marilyn Chambers]] | |- | [[Chanel (aghteyr)|Chanel]] | 2021 |- | [[Nikki Charm]] | 1999 |- | [[Chris Charming]] | 2010 |- | [[Christian XXX]] | 2017 |- | [[Bob Chinn (stiureyder scannane)|Bob Chinn]] | 1999 |- | [[Chloe Nicole]] | 2006 |- | David Christopher | |- | [[Kim Christy]] |2004 |- | [[Christoph Clark]] | 2002 |- | [[David Aaron Clark]] | 2012 |- | [[Tiffany Clark]] | |- | [[Maestro Claudio]] | 2019 |- | [[Gino Colbert]] | 1996 |- | [[Careena Collins]] | 1998 |- | [[Patrick Collins (stiureyder)|Patrick Collins]] | 2002 |- | [[Ryan Conner]] | 2022 |- | [[Desireé Cousteau]] | 1997 |- | [[Eli Cross (stiureyder)|Eli Cross]] | 2015 |- | [[Dave Cummings]] | 2007 |- | [[Stoney Curtis]] | 2010 |- | [[Devan Cypher]] | 2016 |- | Danny D | 2024 |- | [[Robby D.]] | 2014 |- | [[Dale DaBone]] | 2012 |- | [[Kiki Daire]] | 2019 |- | [[Gerard Damiano]] | |- | [[Stormy Daniels]] | 2014 |- | [[Barbara Dare]] | |- | [[Angel Dark]] | 2020 |- | [[Gregory Dark|The Dark Brothers]] | 1996 |- | [[Jonni Darkko]] | 2016 |- | [[Gia Darling]] | 2011 |- | [[Racquel Darrian]] | 2002 |- | [[Mark Davis (aghteyr)|Mark Davis]] | 2003 |- | [[Lisa De Leeuw]] | |- | [[Dana DeArmond]] | 2016 |- | Dee | 2021 |- | [[Sophie Dee]] | 2025 |- | [[Olivia Del Rio]] | 2025 |- | [[Vanessa del Rio]] | |- | [[Nikita Denise]] | 2016 |- | [[Jewel De'Nyle]] | 2009 |- | [[Nina DePonca]] | 2026 |- | [[Alex de Renzy]] | |- | [[Ava Devine]] | 2026 |- | [[Raquel Devine]] | 2010 |- | [[Alexander DeVoe]] | 2012 |- | [[Diana DeVoe]] | 2021 |- | [[Devon (aghteyr)|Devon]] | 2010 |- | [[Nikki Dial]] | 2024 |- | [[Debi Diamond]] | 1993 |- | [[Karen Dior]] | 1995 |- | [[Kianna Dior]] | 2020 |- | [[Guy DiSilva]] | 2009 |- | [[Jon Dough]] | 1998 |- | [[Ben Dover]] | 2011 |- | [[Derek Dozer]] | 2021 |- | [[Jessica Drake]] | 2010 |- | [[Steve Drake]] | |- | [[Stephen Sayadian|Rinse Dream]] | 2017 |- | [[Duck Dumont]] | 1997 |- | [[Lacey Duvalle]] | 2022 |- | [[Nick East]] | 2006 |- | [[Eric Edwards (aghteyr)|Eric Edwards]] | |- | [[Ben English]] | 2014 |- | [[Alana Evans]] | 2015 |- | [[Erik Everhard]] | 2012 |- | [[Felecia (aghteyr)|Felecia]] | 2003 |- | [[Don Fernando]] | 2004 |- | [[Manuel Ferrara]] | 2013 |- | [[Jeanna Fine]] | 1997 |- | [[Jada Fire]] | 2011 |- | [[Rod Fontana]] | 2005 |- | [[Gail Force]] | 1997 |- | [[Samantha Fox (aghteyr Americaanagh)|Samantha Fox]] | 2002 |- | [[Scotty Fox]] | 1995 |- | [[Mickey G]] | 2006 |- | [[Sal Genoa]] | 2021 |- | [[Ashlyn Gere]] | 1996 |- | [[Ken Gibb]] | 1997 |- | [[Jamie Gillis]] | |- | [[Billy Glide]] | 2015 |- | [[Ernest Greene (aghteyr)|Ernest Greene]] | 2021 |- | [[Tommy Gunn (aghteyr)|Tommy Gunn]] | 2016 |- | [[William H.]] | 2018 |- | [[Max Hardcore]] | 2004 |- | [[Dave Hardman]] | 2003 |- | [[Dirty Harry (aghteyr)|Dirty Harry]] | 2019 |- | [[Veronica Hart]] | |- | [[Nina Hartley]] | |- | [[Steve Hatcher]] | 2006 |- | [[Annette Haven]] | |- | [[Taylor Hayes (aghteyr pornograafagh)|Taylor Hayes]] | 2007 |- | [[Jenna Haze]] | 2012 |- | [[Melissa Hill]] | 2014 |- | [[Deidre Holland]] | 1999 |- | [[Kelly Holland]] | 2017 |- | [[Audrey Hollander]] | 2024 |- | [[Jim Holliday]] | |- | [[John Holmes (aghteyr)|John Holmes]] | |- | [[Steve Holmes (aghteyr)|Steve Holmes]] | 2017 |- | [[Mike Horner (aghteyr)|Mike Horner]] | |- | [[Houston (aghteyr)|Houston]] | 2004 |- | [[Cecil Howard]] | |- | [[Third World Media|Ed Hunter]] | 2019 |- | [[Heather Hunter]] | 2003 |- | [[Nicki Hunter]] | 2020 |- | [[Ryan Idol]] | 1995 |- | [[Kylie Ireland]] | 2005 |- | [[Brandon Iron]] | 2018 |- | [[Janet Jacme]] | 2006 |- | [[Jenna Jameson]] | 2006 |- | [[Jesse Jane]] | 2013 |- | [[Sara Jay]] | 2017 |- | [[Jessica Jaymes]] | 2018 |- | [[Jelena Jensen]] | 2020 |- | [[Jenteal]] | 2021 |- | [[Ron Jeremy]] | |- | [[Joanna Jet]] | 2015 |- | [[Mike John]] | 2014 |- | [[Jules Jordan]] | 2011 |- | [[Kimberly Kane]] | 2016 |- | [[Sharon Kane]] | |- | [[Roy Karch]] | 1998 |- | [[Katsuni]] | 2014 |- | [[Keisha]] | 1998 |- | [[Angel Kelly]] | 2008 |- | [[Jill Kelly (aghteyr)|Jill Kelly]] | 2003 |- | [[Bridgette Kerkove]] | 2011 |- | [[Johnnie Keyes]] | 2004 |- | [[Alisha Klass]] | 2012 |- | [[Tyler Knight (aghteyr)|Tyler Knight]] | 2021 |- | [[Sascha Koch]] | 2016 |- | [[Kayden Kross]] | 2019 |- | L.T. | 2020 |- | [[Alex Ladd (aghteyr)|Alex Ladd]] | 2016 |- | [[Chasey Lain]] | 2003 |- | [[C. J. Laing]] | 2005 |- | [[Tim Lake (aghteyr)|Tim Lake]] | 2009 |- | [[Karla Lane]] |2020 |- | [[Tory Lane]] |2017 |- | [[Sunny Lane]] |2020 |- | [[Chi Chi LaRue]] | 1995 |- | [[Dyanna Lauren]] | 2008 |- | [[Shayla LaVeaux]] | 2001 |- | [[Francesca Le]] | 2005 |- | [[Dan Leal]] | 2015 |- | [[Bud Lee]] | 2001 |- | [[Hyapatia Lee]] | |- | [[Keiran Lee]] | 2022 |- | [[Kaylani Lei]] | 2015 |- | [[Dorothy LeMay]] | 1998 |- | [[Lynn LeMay]] | 2006 |- | [[Gloria Leonard]] | |- | [[Sunny Leone]] | 2018 |- | [[John Leslie (stiureyder)|John Leslie]] | |- | [[Harold Lime]] | |- | [[Mai Lin]] | 2005 |- | [[Fred J. Lincoln]] | |- | [[Janine Lindemulder]] | 2002 |- | [[Marcus London]] | 2020 |- | [[Byron Long]] | 2010 |- | [[Miles Long]] | 2011 |- | [[Rebecca Lord]] | 2013 |- | [[Cara Lott]] | 2006 |- | [[Brandi Love]] |2020 |- | [[Shy Love]] | 2013 |- | [[Sinnamon Love]] | 2011 |- | [[Marie Luv]] | 2021 |- | [[Amber Lynn]] | |- | [[Gina Lynn]] | 2010 |- | [[Ginger Lynn]] | |- | [[Micky Lynn]] | 2019 |- | [[Porsche Lynn]] | |- | [[Kelly Madison]] | 2015 |- | [[Andre Madness]] | 2015 |- | [[Richard Mailer]] | |- | [[Jim Malibu]] | 2004 |- | [[Anna Malle]] | 2013 |- | [[Sonny Malone]] | 2011 |- | [[Chelsea Manchester]] | 1998 |- | [[Mandingo (aghteyr)|Mandingo]] | 2017 |- |- | [[Nick Manning]] | 2014 |- | [[Mr. Marcus]] | 2009 |- | [[William Margold]] | |- | [[Daisy Marie]] | 2017 |- | [[Phoenix Marie]] | 2022 |- | [[Cash Markman]] | 2006 |- | [[Mason (aghteyr|Mason]] | 2021 |- | [[Rick Masters (aghteyr)|Rick Masters]] | 2007 |- | [[Eric Masterson (aghteyr)|Eric Masterson]] | 2014 |- | [[Gary Graver|Robert McCallum]] | |- | [[Shanna McCullough]] | |- | [[Clive McLean]] | 2001 |- | [[Radley Metzger]] | |- | [[Gianna Michaels]] | 2020 |- | [[Sean Michaels (aghteyr)|Sean Michaels]] | 1995 |- | [[Midori (aghteyr)|Midori]] | 2009 |- | [[Earl Miller (aghteyr|Earl Miller]] |2001 |- | [[Tyffany Million]] | 2025 |- | [[Missy (aghteyr)|Missy]] | 2002 |- | [[Sharon Mitchell]] | |- | The Mitchell Brothers | |- | [[Constance Money]] | 1998 |- | [[Tami Monroe]] | 1999 |- | [[Tony Montana (aghteyr)|Tony Montana]] | 2020 |- | [[Rodney Moore (aghteyr)|Rodney Moore]] | 2006 |- | [[Craven Moorehead]] | 2015 |- | [[Britt Morgan]] | |- | [[Jonathan Morgan (stiureyder)|Jonathan Morgan]] | 2003 |- | [[Katie Morgan]] | 2013 |- | [[India (aghteyr)|India Morel]] | 2022 |- | [[Michael Morrison (aghteyr)|Michael Morrison]] | |- | [[Pat Myne]] | 2011 |- | [[Tiffany Mynx]] | 2001 |- | [[Kelly Nichols]] | 1995 |- | [[Michael Ninn]] | 2002 |- | [[Ramón Nomar]] | 2019 |- | [[Paul Norman (stiureyder)|Paul Norman]] | 1998 |- | [[Peter North (aghteyr)|Peter North]] | |- | [[Nick Orleans]] | 2018 |- | [[Henri Pachard]] | |- | [[Richard Pacheco]] | 1999 |- | [[Victoria Paris]] | 1997 |- | [[Kay Parker]] | |- | [[Texas Patti]] | 2025 |- | [[Tera Patrick]] | 2009 |- | [[Jeannie Pepper]] | 1997 |- | David Perry | 2021 |- | Mr. Pete | 2014 |- | [[Rhonda Jo Petty]] | 2004 |- | [[Derrick Pierce]] | 2022 |- | [[Wesley Pipes]] | 2015 |- | [[Tommy Pistol]] | 2022 |- | Eddie Powell | 2021 |- | [[Ed Powers]] | |- | Jim Powers | 2005 |- | [[Teagan Presley]] | 2016 |- | [[Kirsten Price (aghteyr)|Kirsten Price]] | 2018 |- | [[Misty Rain]] | 2004 |- | [[Taylor Rain]] | 2026 |- | [[Janus Rainer]] | |- | [[Holly Randall]] | 2024 |- | [[Nikki Randall (aghteyr)|Nikki Randall]] | 1995 |- | [[Suze Randall]] | 1999 |- | Mike Ranger | 2018 |- | [[Michael Raven]] | 2008 |- | [[Raylene]] | 2008 |- | [[RayVeness]] | 2015 |- | [[Harry Reems]] | |- | [[Riley Reid]] | 2025 |- | [[Jack Remy]] | 2006 |- | [[Patti Rhodes]] | 1999 |- | [[Toni Ribas]] | 2012 |- | [[Alicia Rio]] | 2004 |- | [[Jace Rocker]] | 1998 |- | [[Kristina Rose]] | 2022 |- | [[Candida Royalle]] | |- | [[Ruby (aghteyr)|Ruby]] | 2008 |- | [[Tina Russell]] | 2026 |- | [[Will Ryder]] | 2015 |- | [[Sinn Sage]] | 2024 |- | [[Silvia Saint]] | 2012 |- | [[Savanna Samson]] | 2011 |- | [[Alex Sanders (aghteyr)|Alex Sanders]] | 2003 |- | [[Loni Sanders]] | |- | [[Herschel Savage]] | |- | Rick Savage | |- | [[Savannah (aghteyr)|Savannah]] | 1996 |- | [[Reb Sawitz]] |2001 |- | [[Hillary Scott (ben-aghteyr)|Hillary Scott]] | 2024 |- | [[Tristan Seagal]] | 2021 |- | [[John Seeman]] | 2007 |- | [[Seka (aghteyr)|Seka]] | |- | [[Serena (aghteyr)|Serena]] | 2019 |- | [[Serenity (aghteyr)|Serenity]] | 2005 |- | [[Bruce Seven]] | |- | [[Shane (aghteyr)|Shane]] | 2005 |- | [[Shay Sights]] | 2024 |- | [[Rocco Siffredi]] | 2002 |- | [[Alexandra Silk]] | 2008 |- | [[Long Jeanne Silver]] | 2021 |- | [[Joey Silvera]] | |- | [[Domonique Simone]] | 2007 |- | [[Laurent Sky]] | 2020 |- | [[Justin Slayer]] | 2022 |- | [[Aurora Snow]] | 2017 |- | [[Jim South]] | 1995 |- | [[Rob Spallone]] | 2020 |- | [[P. J. Sparxx]] | 2002 |- | [[Randy Spears]] | 2002 |- | [[Georgina Spelvin]] | |- | [[Mark Spiegler]] | 2013 |- | [[Anthony Spinelli]] | |- | [[Mitchell Spinelli]] | |- | [[Annie Sprinkle]] | 1999 |- | [[Jasmin St. Claire]] | 2011 |- | [[Sheri St. Claire]] | 1995 |- | [[Taylor St. Claire]] | 2014 |- | [[Steven St. Croix]] | 2005 |- | [[Jessie St. James]] | |- | [[Julian St. Jox]] | 2003 |- | [[John Stagliano]] | 1997 |- | David Stanley | 2018 |- | [[Celeste Star]] | 2018 |- | [[Charmane Star]] | 2017 |- | [[Aiden Starr]] | 2018 |- | [[Bobbi Starr]] | 2026 |- | [[Rachel Starr]] | 2022 |- | [[Lexington Steele]] | 2009 |- | [[Riley Steele]] | 2025 |- | [[Selena Steele]] | 2007 |- | [[Sydnee Steele]] | 2007 |- | [[Joey Stefano]] | 1997 |- | [[Michael Stefano]] | 2010 |- | [[Matt Sterling]] | 1996 |- | [[Nici Sterling]] | 2007 |- | [[Carter Stevens]] | 2009 |- | [[Kirdy Stevens]] | 2003 |- | [[Marc Stevens (aghteyr)|Marc Stevens]] | 2019 |- | [[Tabitha Stevens]] | 2007 |- | [[Charlotte Stokely]] |2020 |- | [[Evan Stone]] | 2011 |- | [[Kyle Stone]] | 2007 |- | [[Madison Stone]] | 2003 |- | Mark Stone | 2017 |- | [[Misty Stone]] | 2019 |- | [[John Strong (aghteyr)|John Strong]] | 2016 |- | [[Samantha Strong]] | 1995 |- | [[Jeff Stryker]] | |- | [[Shyla Stylez]] | 2016 |- | [[India Summer]] | 2019 |- | [[Karen Summer]] | 2015 |- | [[Angela Summers]] | 2008 |- | [[Stephanie Swift]] | 2006 |- | Talon<br>(Alex / Lex Baldwin) | 2015 |- | [[Jerome Tanner]] | 2006 |- | Scott Taylor | 2013 |- | [[Tony Tedeschi]] | 2003 |- | [[Alexis Texas]] | 2022 |- | [[Paul Thomas (stiureyder)|Paul Thomas]] | |- | [[Sunset Thomas]] | 2001 |- | Tianna | 2002 |- | [[Flower Tucci]] | 2026 |- | [[Tim Von Swine]] | 2015 |- | [[Raven Touchtone]] | |- | John Travis | 1997 |- | [[Nikki Tyler]] | 2026 |- | [[George Uhl]] | 2021 |- | [[Inari Vachs]] | 2012 |- | [[Stacy Valentine]] | 2012 |- | [[Vaniity]] | 2013 |- | [[Dana Vespoli]] | 2016 |- | [[Vicky Vette]] | 2016 |- | [[Nacho Vidal]] | 2012 |- | Ron Vogel | |- | Bob Vosse | 2001 |- | [[Tasha Voux]] | 2008 |- | [[Vince Voyeur]] | 2007 |- | [[Marc Wallice]] | |- | [[Taylor Wane]] | 2005 |- | [[Jane Waters]] | 1998 |- | [[Devlin Weed]] | 2018 |- | [[Teri Weigel]] | 2003 |- | [[Jennifer Welles]] | 1996 |- | [[Tori Welles]] | 1996 |- | [[Kelly Wells]] | 2025 |- | [[Desiree West]] | 2024 |- | [[Randy West (aghteyr)|Randy West]] | |- | [[Angela White]] | 2018 |- | [[Honey Wilder]] | 2001 |- | [[Wendy Williams (aghteyr Americaanagh)|Wendy Williams]] | 2014 |- | [[Leslie Winston]] | 2025 |- | Dick Witte | 1997 |- | Barry Wood |2004 |- | Mark Wood | 2010 |- | [[Bambi Woods]] | 1998 |- | Luc Wylder | 2009 |- | Sam Xavier |2001 |- | [[Ona Zee]] | |- | Michael Zen | 2018 |- |[[Sasha Grey]] |2023 |- |[[Angel Long]] |2023 |- |[[Annette Schwarz]] |2023 |} ==Halley Foaynoo AVN – Banglane Kiannoortagh== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Oltey ! Blein |- | Glenn King ||2020 |} ==Halley Foaynoo AVN – Banglane ny Bunneyderyn== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Oltey ! Blein |- | Norman Arno || |- | [[Noel C. Bloom|Noel Bloom]] || |- | Charlie Brickman || |- | [[Marc Dorcel]] || 2015 |- | Howard Farber || |- | [[Larry Flynt]] || |- | [[Al Goldstein]] || 2015 |- | [[Phil Harvey]] || 2007 |- | Fred Hirsch || 2016 |- | David Joseph | 2018 |- | Mark Kulkis | 2018 |- | Arthur Morowitz || |- | Sidney Niekirk || |- | Rudy Sutton || 2016 |- | [[Steve Toushin]] || 2009 |- | Eddie Wedelstedt || 2016 |- | Chuck Zane | 2018 |} ==Halley Foaynoo AVN – Banglane ny Gientynyn Taitnyssagh== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Oltey ! Blein |- | [[Joani Blank]] || 2011 |- | Joe Bolstad || 2015 |- | Marc Bruder | 2018 |- | Ralph Caplan || 2016 |- | Mara Epstein | 2018 |- | Rondee Kamins | 2018 |- | Joel Kaminsky | 2018 |- | Pavle Sedic || 2015 |- | [[Steve Shubin]] || 2016 |- | Ari Suss || 2015 |- | Rina Valan || 2016 |} ==Halley Foaynoo AVN – Banglane ny Bunneyderyn Eddyr-voggylagh== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Oltey ! Obbyr ! Blein |- | [[Danni Ashe]] | Danni's Hard Drive | 2013 |- | Charles Berrebbi as John Albright | Too Much Media | 2016 |- | Botto Brothers | MaxCash | 2015 |- | Ilan Bunimovitz | Gamelink.com | 2016 |- | Mitch Farber | Netbilling | 2011 |- | Anthony J | NetVideoGirls.com | 2013 |- | Mark "Greenguy" Jenkins | Link-O-Rama.com | 2014 |- | Lensman | Webmaster Access | 2015 |- | Steve Lightspeed | Lightspeed Cash | 2015 |- | Beth Mansfield | PersianKitty.com | 2012 |- | "Maurice" | Freeones.com | 2014 |- | Brad Mitchell | MojoHost | 2018 |- | Patrick | TheHun.net | 2012 |- | Bill Pinyon | Badpuppy.com | 2013 |- | Angie Rowntree | [[Sssh.com]] | 2014 |- | Colin Rowntree | Wasteland.com | 2011 |- | Shap | [[Twistys.com]] | 2012 |- | Tim Valenti | NakedSword | 2011 |- | Steve Wojcik | Badpuppy.com | 2013 |} ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn mooie== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422060316/http://www.avn.com/ AVN.com] (ynnyd-eggey oikoil) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090119011618/http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Adult_Video_News_Awards/ Aundyryn Adult Video News] ec yn [[Internet Movie Database]] [[Ronney:Aundyryn AVN]] [[Ronney:Hallaghyn foaynoo 'syn eunysseyrys|AVN]] [[Ronney:Rollaghyn aghteyryn pornograafagh]] [[Ronney:Hallaghyn foaynoo ayns California|AVN]] 8j2c1qbov2gi7uf881cb7nf828esrwq Jessie Andrews 0 22923 393583 392806 2026-09-25T01:16:36Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney 2 |jalloo = Jessie Andrews 2014 (portrait cropped).jpg |fo-heidyl = Andrews 'sy vlein 2014 |enmyn_elley = Jessy Adrews, Jessi Andrews, Jessie Edwards, Jessie Allure |date_ruggyr = {{date ruggit as eash|1992|3|22|df=y}} |boayl_ruggyr = [[Miami]], [[Florida]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit |ashoonaght = [[Americaanee|Americaanagh]] |yrjid = {{Yrjid|m=1.73}} |trimmid = {{trimmid|kg=63}} |towshan = 34B-25-36 }} She ben-aghteyr, kiaddeyder fassan, as craishteyder Americaanagh ee '''Jessie Andrews''' (ruggit er 22 Mayrnt 1992).{{r|Wally 2022}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Published Work |url=http://www.jessieandrewsofficial.com/published-work |website=Jesseandrewsofficial.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124090012/http://www.jessieandrewsofficial.com/published-work |archive-date=24 Jerrey Geuree 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Goaill toshiaght rish e coorse bea myr [[ben-aghteyr pornograafagh]], va [[Aundyr AVN da'n Ven-aghteyr Share]] bronnit urree kyndagh rish e cloie ayns ''[[Portrait of a Call Girl]]'' (2011). Er y gherrid, ren ee cloie ayns paartyn fillym as çhellveeish cadjin, goaill stiagh ''[[Hot Summer Nights (fillym)|Hot Summer Nights]]'' (2017) as ''[[Euphoria (straih hellveeish Americaanagh)|Euphoria]]'' (2022).{{r|Wally 2022}} 'Sy vlein 2012,ren Andrews shiaulley e linney cliejeenys hene ''Bagatiba'' (she ''bagātība'' y nfockle [[Latvish]] son "berçhid).<ref name="Miller 2012b">{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Dan |title=Jessie Andrews Launches Line of Jewelry |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/150615/jessie-andrews-launches-line-of-jewelry |access-date=8 July 2025 |work=XBIZ |date=29 Mean Souree 2012 |language=Baarle}}</ref> T'ee er craishtey son ny colughtyn eaddee, [[American Apparel]],<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.vice.com/shot-by-kern/los-angeles-part-2 | title = Los Angeles – Shot by Kern | year = 2012 | accessdate = 13 Jerrey Fouyir 2012 | work = Vice | archiveurl = https://archive.today/20130205120924/http://www.vice.com/shot-by-kern/los-angeles-part-2 | archivedate = 5 Toshiaght Arree 2013 }}</ref> [[RVCA]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empireave.com/daily-news/clothing/rvca-x-jessie-andrews/|title=RVCA X Jessie Andrews|last=Ethan Smith|date=25 Toshiaght Arree 2014|work=Empire Ave|accessdate=11 Mayrnt 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140311235630/http://www.empireave.com/daily-news/clothing/rvca-x-jessie-andrews/|archivedate=11 Mayrnt 2014}}</ref> as [[The Hundreds]] chammah's da'n taishbynys lesh y chiaddeyder fassan Kim Shui er son [[New York Fashion Week]].{{r|Wally 2022}} ==Coorse keirdey== [[Coadan:Bethany Benz Jessie Andrews Allie Haze AEE 2013.jpg|left|thumb|[[Bethany Benz]], Jessie Andrews, as [[Allie Haze]] ec yn [[AVN Adult Entertainment Expo]] ayns [[Las Vegas]], 2013]] ===Filmyn pornographic=== Va Andrews ruggit ayns [[Miami]], as ren ee obbraghey myr creckeyder da [[American Apparel]] tra v'ee foast 'sy scoill ard.<ref name="Wally 2022">{{Cite magazine |date=7 Toshiaght Arree 2022 |last=Wally |first=Maxine |title=Meet Jessie Andrews, the Latest Addition to ''Euphoria'' |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/jessie-andrews-euphoria-interview |access-date=7 Jerrey Souree 2025 |magazine=W |language=Baarle}}</ref><ref name="Underwood 2012">{{cite magazine |last1=Underwood |first1=Lee |title=Jessie Andrews: Porn, Music, & Everything Else |url=http://www.thebpm.net/2012/11/jessie-andrews-porn-music-everything-else/ |magazine=[[BPM (earishlioar)|BPM]] |date=29 Mean Fouyir 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201155543/http://www.thebpm.net/2012/11/jessie-andrews-porn-music-everything-else/ |archive-date=1 Mee ny Nollick 2012 |url-status=dead |type=co-akin}}</ref> As ee gobbraghey ayn, ren ben jeh ny caarjyn eck, ren obbraghey myr [[aghteyr brash|ben-aghteyr brash]] ayns fillym da sleih aasit, insh j'ee mychione "y leagh argid ren ee son taishbyney e keeaghyn," red ren greesaghey Andrews dy gholl er shirrey obbyr 'sy çhynskyl pornograafagh.<ref name="Kesa 2011">{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/interview-with-a-teenage-pornstar/ |title=Interview with a Teenage Pornstar |first=Ingrid |last=Kesa |work=Vice |date=25 Luanistyn 2011 |access-date=8 Jerrey Souree 2025}}</ref> Shiaghtin lurg e 18oo laa ruggyree, hoshee ee cloie ayns filmyn pornograafagh,<ref name="Purple 2013">{{cite magazine |author1=<!--anonymous author(s)--> |title=Jessie Andrews |url=https://purple.fr/magazine/ss-2013-issue-19/jessie-andrews/ |access-date=8 Jerrey Souree 2025 |magazine=[[Purple (earishlioar)|Purple]] |issue=19 |date=2013 |language=Baarle}}</ref> as ee rheynn e traa eddyr Miami as Los Angeles.{{r|Wally 2022}} Roish my row ee 21 vleeaney d'eash, v'ee er my cloie ayns ny smoo na 140 fillym da sleih aasit, y chooid smoo marish mraane elle.{{r|Purple 2013}} 'Sy vlein 2011, chloie Andrews 'sy fillym ''[[Portrait of a Call Girl]]'', raad chossyn ee aundyr da'n ven-aghteyr share veih'n earishlioar hraghtee ''[[Adult Video News]]''.{{r|Wally 2022}}<ref name="Miller 2012a">{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Dan |title='Portrait of a Call Girl,' Jessie Andrews Win Big at 2012 XBIZ Awards |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/143085/portrait-of-a-call-girl-jessie-andrews-win-big-at-2012-xbiz-awards |access-date=8 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=XBIZ |date=12 Jerrey Geuree 2012 |language=Baarle}}</ref> Y chied vlein elley, v'ee er ny taishbyney ayns feeshan kiaullee da'n arrane "[[Decisions (arrane)|Decisions]]" lesh yn eear-leggad eck, [[Borgore]], marish [[Miley Cyrus]] chammah.<ref>{{cite news |author1=<!--anonymous author(s)--> |title=Miley Cyrus Casts Porn Star, Jessie Andrews, In 'Decisions' Music Video |date=31 Jerrey Fouyir 2012 |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/miley-cyrus-casts-porn-star-jessie-andrews-decisions-music-video_n_2049030?ncid=edlinkusaolp00000003 |work=[[HuffPost]] |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Decisions' – Borgore feat. Miley Cyrus (Official Music Video) |date=31 Jerrey Fouyir 2012 |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQd5OEl1W-Q |author=Borgore |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025}}</ref> Ayns Jerrey Geuree 2014, va Andrews, [[Dana DeArmond]], [[Asa Akira]], as [[Chanel Preston]] er nyn daishbyney ayns art lesh ''[[Cosmopolitan (earishlioar)|Cosmopolitan]]'' va enmyssit "4 Porn Stars on How They Stay Fit".<ref name="Wischhover 2014">{{cite web |type=co-akin |last1=Wischhover |first1=Cheryl |title=4 Porn Stars on How They Stay Fit |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/celebs/news/a5460/porn-stars-talk-fitness-and-body-image/ |website=Cosmopolitan |access-date=8 Jerrey Souree 2025 |date=30 Jerrey Geuree 2014}}</ref> Hayrn yn art breeaghys veih focklyn y ven-aghteyr [[Gabrielle Union]] ren ee er y chlaare chowag lesh [[Conan O'Brien]] as ee geiyrt lhiantyn coorseyn follanid ny rolteenyn pornograafagh ren ee çheet quail 'sy voayl lheiltys eck.<ref name="Adult Video News 2014">{{cite magazine |last=Warren |first=Peter |title=Cosmo Turns to Porn Stars for Fitness Tips |magazine=Adult Video News |date=Mayrnt 2014 |volume=30 |issue=3 |page=26 |issn=0883-7090 |url=https://avn.com/news/video/cosmo-turns-to-spiegler-girls-for-fitness-tips-135717}}</ref> Andrews has also written a sex advice column for ''[[Galore (magazine)|Galore]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Multiref2 | {{cite web |url=http://galoremag.com/jessie-andrewss-sex-tips-5-tips-to-making-a-girl-squirt/ |title=Jessie Andrews's Sex Tips: 5 Tips to Making a Girl Squirt |date=March 5, 2014 |work=Galore |archive-date=March 11, 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140311234227/http://galoremag.com/jessie-andrewss-sex-tips-5-tips-to-making-a-girl-squirt/ |url-status=dead}} | {{cite web |url=https://galoremag.com/jessie-andrewss-sex-tips-10-ways-to-make-a-girl-cum/ |title=Jessie Andrews' Sex Tips: 10 Ways to Make a Girl Cum |date=February 26, 2014 |work=Galore |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140311234200/https://galoremag.com/jessie-andrewss-sex-tips-10-ways-to-make-a-girl-cum/ |archive-date=March 11, 2014 |url-status=dead}} | {{cite web |url=http://galoremag.com/jessie-andrewss-sex-tips-10-tips-for-foreplay/ |title=Jessie Andrews's Sex Tips: 10 Tips for Foreplay |date=February 19, 2014 |work=Galore |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140311234210/http://galoremag.com/jessie-andrewss-sex-tips-10-tips-for-foreplay/ |archive-date=March 11, 2014 |url-status=dead}} }}</ref> ===Craishtey as kiaddey=== Haink Andrews dy ve coontit mastey kuse veg dy ven-aghteyryn pornograafagh ren brishey stiagh 'syn ard-stroo, as v'ee fogrit myr "[[it girl]]" lesh ''[[GQ]]'',<ref name="Clune 2016">{{cite news |last1=Clune |first1=Richard |title=Jessie Andrews Is Proving That Porn's No Longer A Dirty Word |url=https://www.gq.com.au/gq%2Bgirls/girl%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bweek/jessie%2Bandrews%2Bis%2Bproving%2Bthat%2Bporns%2Bno%2Blonger%2Ba%2Bdirty%2Bword%2C43057 |work=GQ Australia |date=20 Averil 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509035912/https://www.gq.com.au/gq+girls/girl+of+the+week/jessie+andrews+is+proving+that+porns+no+longer+a+dirty+word,43057 |archive-date=9 Boaldyn 2017 |accessdate=2026-02-21 |archivedate=2017-05-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509035912/https://www.gq.com.au/gq+girls/girl+of+the+week/jessie+andrews+is+proving+that+porns+no+longer+a+dirty+word,43057 }}</ref> as ''Hypebae''<ref>{{cite web |title=Jessie Andrews Is Today's Modern Woman |date=18 Boaldyn 2016 |url=https://hypebae.com/2016/5/jessie-andrews-interview |website=Hypebae |first=Zarah |last=Cheng |archive-date=6 Mee Houney 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106185432/https://hypebae.com/2016/5/jessie-andrews-interview |url-status=dead}}</ref> roish my row ee er ny scrial as ee shappal ec shapp American Apparel son dy ve yn craishteyder liehlagh da'n chowrey. Ny s'anmey, ren ee caghlaa dys coorse craishtee rahoil,<ref>{{cite web |title=Transcending porn: The performers who become mainstream models and actors |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/lisa-ann-jessie-andrews-sunny-leone-and-colby-keller-former-porn-stars-who-broke-into-mainstream-acting-and-modelling-a6837461.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220608/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/lisa-ann-jessie-andrews-sunny-leone-and-colby-keller-former-porn-stars-who-broke-into-mainstream-a6837461.html |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |archive-date=8 Mean Souree 2022 |url-status=live |website=[[The Independent]] |first=Heather |last=Saul |date=11 Mayrnt 2016}}</ref> as ee er taishbyney er coodee ''[[LA Weekly]]'',<ref name="Swann 2013">{{cite news |last1=Swann |first1=Jennifer |title=Jessie Andrews: The Porn Star as a Brand |url=https://www.laweekly.com/jessie-andrews-the-porn-star-as-a-brand/ |access-date=9 July 2025 |work=LA Weekly |date=15 Boaldyn 2013}}</ref> ''[[Monster Children]]'',<ref>{{cite web |author1=<!--anonymous author(s)--> |title=Jessie Andrews Outtakes by Henrik Purienne |url=http://www.monsterchildren.com/24501/jessie-andrews-outtakes-by-henrik-purienne/ |website=Monster Children |date=29 Jerrey Fouyir 2014 |archive-date=11 Mayrnt 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311083910/http://www.monsterchildren.com/24501/jessie-andrews-outtakes-by-henrik-purienne/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> as ''[[C-Heads]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jessie Andrews Archives |url=https://www.c-heads.com/tag/jessie-andrews/ |website=C-Heads Magazine |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025}}</ref> Ayns Jerrey Souree 2012, ghow Andrews toshiaght rish cliejeenys meein myr shalee persoonagh.<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.jessieandrewsofficial.com/about |website=Jessieandrewsofficial.com |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |language=Baarle}}</ref> Ta cliejeenys veih'n linney ''Bagatiba'' eck er ny ve ceaut lesh [[Bella Hadid]],<ref name="Mikeski 2017">{{cite web |title=Try This Easy Off-Duty Outfit Formula All Summer Long |url=http://www.whowhatwear.com/what-was-she-wearing-bella-hadid-summer-denim-look |website=Who What Wear |first=Kristi |last=Mikeski |date=30 Mean Souree 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043253/http://www.whowhatwear.com/what-was-she-wearing-bella-hadid-summer-denim-look |archive-date=28 Jerrey Fouyir 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Kendall Jenner]],<ref name="Madden 2014">{{cite news |last1=Madden |first1=Aemilia |title=Kendall Jenner's Best Style Moments |url=https://www.whowhatwear.com/kendall-jenner-style |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=Who What Wear |date=16 Mean Souree 2014 |language=Baarle}}</ref> as da mooinjer Kardashian.<ref name="Cunningham 2017">{{cite news |last1=Cunningham |first1=Erin |title=Did Kourtney Kardashian Wear Her Bikini Like This On Purpose? |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2017/04/151404/kourtney-kardashian-underboob-bikini-vacation-photos |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=Refinery29 |date=24 Averil 2017 |language=Baarle}}</ref> As y colught gaase, hooar eh ny smoo tastey veih ''[[Vogue (earishlioar)|Vogue]]''<ref name="Vogue 2017">{{cite news |author1=<!--anonymous author(s)--> |title=Yes, You Can Look Like Emily Ratajkowski on Vacation—Here's How |url=https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/emily-ratajkowski-instagram-bikinis-swimsuits-italy-vacation-celebrity-style-gallery |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=Vogue |date=27 Mean Souree 2017}}</ref> as ''[[Refinery29]]''.<ref name="Coscarelli 2016">{{cite news |last1=Coscarelli |first1=Alyssa |title=Instagram's Latest Jewelry Trend Is One Of The Easiest To Pull Off |url=https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2016/08/118624/layered-gold-jewelry-instagram-trend |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=Refinery29 |date=2 Luanistyn 2016 |language=Baarle}}</ref> Haink e shapp er-linney dy ve coontit mastey ny shappyn smoo rahoil rere creckyn er [[Shopify]]. Ec y traa cheddin, ren Andrews launshey daa chowrey fassan elley: ''Basic Swim'', çhaglym dy chullee faarkee aashagh as ''Jeu Illimité'', linney eaddeeyn femeoil lesh breeaghys Paaryssagh. Ta Andrews stiurey dagh tree linneyveih'n chione-cherroo eck ayns Los Angeles — 1201 B Studios.<ref name="About"/> Roish my ren ee roshtyn 26 bleeaney d'eash, ren ''[[Coveteur]]''<ref name="Sutton 2019">{{cite web |title=How Jessie Andrews Went from Adult Film Star to Running 4 Successful Brands |url=http://coveteur.com/2018/04/18/jessie-andrews-talks-adult-film-fashion-brands/ |website=Coveteur |date=12 Luanistyn 2019 |first=Samantha |last=Sutton |archive-date= 20 Averil 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420001552/http://coveteur.com/2018/04/18/jessie-andrews-talks-adult-film-fashion-brands/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> as ''[[Paper (earishlioar)|Paper]]''<ref name="Valentine 2017">{{cite news |last1=Valentine |first1=Claire |title=Jessie Andrews Is a Self-Made Woman |url=https://www.papermag.com/jessie-andrews-sustainable-fashion-jewelry1 |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=Paper |date=31 Mee ny Nollick 2017 |language=Baarle}}</ref> co-akinyn marish Andrews bentyn rish yn obbyr eck 'sy çhynskyl fassan. 'Sy cho-akin marish ''Coveteur'', dooyrt ee dy row "fys [aym] nagh nee coorseyn-bea foddey-hannaghtyn ad y phornograafaght as y varkiaght jysk. Va mee shirrey seihll 'sy traa ry-heet dy hroggal dousyn hene, as myr shen hug mee joarey traa daue. Tra va mee smooinaghtyn dy row ooilley ny t'aym ceaut 'sy choorse-bea shen, va mee smooinaghtyn, 'OK, cre elley ta ry-heet dou?' She red so-lhieeney eh yn kiaddey, agh ta mee smooinaghtyn dy vel shellooderys dy chowrey hene as gynsaghey dagh tro dellal so-lhieeney dousyn."<ref name="Sutton 2019"/> ===Kiaull=== Ayns Sauin 2012, ren Andrews shiaulley aavestey jeh'n arrane "I Met You" liorish Anna Lunoe & Flume as v'eh skeaylt magh seyr son jeelaadey.<ref>{{cite web|author=MRTN|title=Anna Lunoe & Flume – I Met You (Jessie Andrews Remix)|url=http://www.stockholmbeatconnection.com/2012/11/26/anna-lunoe-flume-i-met-you-jessie-andrews-remix/|work=Stockholm Beat Connection|accessdate=30 Mee Houney 2012|date=26 Mee Houney 2012}}</ref> Ayns Nollick, ren ee skeaylley magh aavestey jeh'n arrane "[[Latch (arrane)|Latch]]" liorish [[Disclosure (bann)|Disclosure]] as Sam Smith.<ref>{{cite web|last=Underwood|first=Lee|title=A Perfect "Latch": Jessie Andrews Remixes Disclosure|url=http://www.thetugboat.com/2012/12/a-perfect-latch-jessie-andrews-remixes-diclosure/|work=The Tug Boat|accessdate=12 Mee ny Nollick 2012|date=11 Mee ny Nollick 2012|archive-date=2013-02-04|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204065318/http://www.thetugboat.com/2012/12/a-perfect-latch-jessie-andrews-remixes-diclosure/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ayns Jerrey Fouyir as Sauin 2013, hie Andrews er turrys 'sy Chanadey myr markiagh jysk. Ren ee cloie ayns Montréal, Thunder Bay, Victoria, Edmonton, Vancouver as Calgary.<ref>[http://www.songkick.com/artists/6562473-jessie-andrews Jessie Andrews Tour Dates 2014 — Jessie Andrews Concert Dates and Tickets]. Songkick. Feddynit er 12 Averil 2014.</ref> Hie Andrews er turrys 'syn Aishey raad ren ee cloie ayns FLY ayns Singapore,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeout.com/singapore/clubs/jessie-andrews-fly|title=Jessie Andrews: FLY|accessdate=28 Luanistyn 2016}}</ref> [[We the Fest]] ayns [[Jakarta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.svanapaper.com/firstphaselineups/|title=The First Phase Line-Ups of Jakarta's We The Fest 2014|accessdate=28 Luanistyn 2016}}</ref> as y feailley [[Sunny Side Up Festival]] ayns Potato Head, Bali.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inthemix.junkee.com/behold-the-eclectic-first-line-up-for-balis-brand-new-festival/24626|title=Behold the eclectic first line-up for Bali's brand new festival|date=17 Jerrey Souree 2014|accessdate=28 Luanistyn 2016|archivedate=2017-10-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043758/http://inthemix.junkee.com/behold-the-eclectic-first-line-up-for-balis-brand-new-festival/24626}}</ref> Ayns 2015 hie ee er turrys ayns America Hwoaie raad ren ee cloie 'sy Marquee New York City, Exchange L.A, [[LIV (club)|LIV]] Miami<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.songkick.com/artists/6562473-jessie-andrews/gigography|title=Jessie Andrews Gigography, Tour History & Past Concerts – Songkick|accessdate=28 Luanistyn 2016}}</ref> as [[Ultra Music Festival]] ayns Miami.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.residentadvisor.net/dj/jessieandrews/dates|title=RA: Jessie Andrews tour dates|work=Resident Advisor|accessdate=28 Luanistyn 2016}}</ref> Ayns Sauin 2015 hie Andrews er turrys 'syn Austrail 'syn eailley smoo 'sy çheer, [[Stereosonic]], as ee cloie ayns Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Adelaide as Brisbane chammah as ayns fo-chonsert ayns Sydney marish [[Diplo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acclaimmag.com/lifestyle/interview-jessie-andrews/|title=Jessie Andrews will be touring Australia with Stereosonic 2015 [NSFW]|accessdate=28 Luanistyn 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028044245/http://www.acclaimmag.com/lifestyle/interview-jessie-andrews/|archivedate=28 Jerrey Fouyir 2017}}</ref> Ayns 2016, ren Andrews skeaylley magh y singyl "Slowly" trooid OneLove Recordings.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jessie's "Slowly"|url=https://soundcloud.com/jessieslife/slowly|website=[[SoundCloud]]}}</ref> ====Singylyn==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" style="width:22em;"| Enmys ! scope="col"| Blein ! scope="col"| Lipaid |- ! scope="row"| "I Never Knew"<ref>{{cite web|title=I Never Knew – Single|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/i-never-knew-single/id687824645|work=[[iTunes Store]]|accessdate=4 Averil 2014|archive-date=2013-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008192042/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/i-never-knew-single/id687824645|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 2013 | Ultra Records<ref name="sp">{{cite web|title=Jessie Andrews's music|url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/5q3Bdvbj3wNIZ2QljkbtSs|website=[[Spotify]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "In Motion" EP | 2014 | ZIVS/Metropolis Records<ref name="sp"/> |- ! scope="row"| "You Won't Forget Tonight"<ref>{{cite web|title=You Won't Forget Tonight (feat. Comets We Fall) – Single|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/you-wont-forget-tonight-feat./id836830633|work=iTunes Store|accessdate=4 Averil 2014|archive-date=2014-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227142101/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/you-wont-forget-tonight-feat./id836830633|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 2014 | Ultra Records<ref name="sp"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Usually Deep" EP | 2015 | ZIVS/Metropolis Records<ref name="sp"/> |- ! scope="row"| "GRIND"<ref>{{cite web|title=GRIND – Single|url=http://inthemix.junkee.com/were-premiering-the-new-single-from-jessie-andrews/133969|work=[[iTunes Store]]|accessdate=24 Mee ny Nollick 2015|archivedate=2015-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123015848/http://inthemix.junkee.com/were-premiering-the-new-single-from-jessie-andrews/133969}}</ref> | 2015 | OneLove Recordings |- ! scope="row"| "Slowly" | 2015 | OneLove Recordings<ref name="sp"/> |} ====EPyn Aavestit==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col"| Enmys ! scope="col"| Sonreeaghtyn ! scope="col"| Rolley arraneyn |- ! scope="row" | I Never Knew (Remixes) | * Skeaylt: 2013 * Lipaid: [[Ultra_Music|Ultra Records]] * Cummaghyn: Jeelaadey bun-earrooagh | * I Never Knew (Bais Haus Remix) * I Never Knew (Fei-Fei's Faded Remix) * I Never Knew (Jen Lasher Faded Remix) * I Never Knew (Prince Club Remix) * I Never Knew (TJANI Remix) |- ! scope="row" | I Never Knew (Remixes) | * Skeaylt: 2013 * Lipaid: [[Ultra_Music|Ultra Records]] * Cummaghyn: Jeelaadey bun-earrooagh | * I Never Knew (Bais Haus Remix) * I Never Knew (Fei-Fei's Faded Remix) * I Never Knew (Jen Lasher Faded Remix) * I Never Knew (Prince Club Remix) * I Never Knew (TJANI Remix) |- ! scope="row" | I Never Knew (Remixes) | * Skeaylt: 2014 * Lipaid: M:UK * Cummaghyn: Jeelaadey bun-earrooagh | * You Won't Forget Tonight ft. Comets Will Fall * You Won't Forget Tonight ft. Comets Will Fall (Document One Remix) * You Won't Forget Tonight ft. Comets Will Fall ([[Indian_Summer_(gienteyder recortys)|Indian Summer]] Remix) |} ===Scannaneaght ard-stroo=== Chossyn Andrews y paart toshee 'sy fillym ''[[Love Bomb (fillym 2025)|Love Bomb]]'' (2025) er [[Amazon Prime Video]] as, chammah's shen, t'ee er ny screeu, stiurey, as cloie ayns y chied fillym giare eck, ''[[Tell Me Something (fillym giare 2025)|Tell Me Something]]'' (2025).<ref>{{cite web |last=Andrews |first=Jessie |date=17 Averil 2025 |title=Behind the scenes of Jessie Andrews' new film 'Tell Me Something' |url=https://www.russh.com/behind-the-scenes-jessie-andrews-film-tell-me-something/ |website=Russh}}</ref> ==Bea phersoonagh== Ta Andrews jeh eiraght mestit. T'ee jeh sluight Sheenagh Sheenagh, Latvagh as Yernagh.<ref name="Kinsella 2015">{{cite web |last=Kinsella |first=Felicity |url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_gb/article/jessie-andrews-talks-body-ownership-and-objectification |title=Jessie Andrews Talks Body Ownership and Objectification |website=[[i-D]] |publisher=Vice Media |date=30 Mayrnt 2015 |archive-date=31 Jerrey Souree 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731234538/https://i-d.vice.com/en_gb/article/jessie-andrews-talks-body-ownership-and-objectification |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Aundyryn== {| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;" |+ <span style="font-size: 9pt">'''Rolley accolaidyn bronnit er Jessie Andrews'''</span> |- | colspan=3 | {| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;" ! colspan="3" style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"| Aundyryn as enmyssaghtyn |- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center; text-align:center;" || '''Aundyr''' | style="background:#cec; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Cosnit''' | style="background:#fcd; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;"| '''Enmyssit''' |- | style="text-align:center;"| ;Aundyryn AVN |{{won|1}} |{{nom|11}} |- | style="text-align:center;"| ;Aundyryn XBIZ |{{won|3}} |{{nom|11}} |- | style="text-align:center;"| ;Aundyryn XRCO |{{won|2}} |{{nom|4}} |} |- style="background:#d9e8ff;" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|'''Slane earroo ny cosnaghyn as ny h-enmyssaghtyn''' |- |{{won|'''Y clane'''}} |{{won|'''6'''}} |{{nom|'''26'''}} |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Blein ! Aundyr ! Ronney ! Obbyr |- | rowspan=5 | 2012 | rowspan=2 | [[Aundyr XBIZ]] | Rolteen Noa yn Vlein<ref name="Miller 2012">{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Dan |title=2012 XBIZ Award Winners Announced |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/143012/2012-xbiz-award-winners-announced |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=XBIZ |date=12 Jerrey Geuree 2012 |language=Baarle}}</ref> | {{n/a}} |- | Cloie yn Vlein<ref>{{cite web |url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php |title=XBIZ Awards 2012 – Nominees |year=2011 |publisher=XBIZ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131025101/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php |archive-date=31 Jerrey Geuree 2012}}</ref> | rowspan=3|''[[Portrait of a Call Girl]]'' |- | [[Aundyr AVN]] | [[Aundyr AVN da'n Ven-aghteyr Share|Y Ben-aghteyr Share]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://avnawards.avn.com/2012_AVN_Awards_nominations.pdf |title=Avn Awards 2012 – Nominations |year=2011 |publisher=AVN Awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329124455/http://avnawards.avn.com/2012_AVN_Awards_nominations.pdf |archive-date=29 Mayrnt 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=<!--anonymous author(s)--> |title=AVN Announces the 2012 AVN Award Winners |url=https://avn.com/news/video/avn-announces-the-2012-avn-award-winners-125226 |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=AVN |date=22 Jerrey Geuree 2012}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2 | [[Aundyr XRCO]] | Y Ben-aghteyr Share<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanford |first1=John |title=XRCO Award Winners Announced |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/147070/xrco-award-winners-announced |access-date=9 Jerrey Souree 2025 |work=XBIZ |date=12 Averil 2012 |language=Baarle}}</ref> |- | Rolteen Noa Share | {{n/a}} |- | 2016 | Aundyr XBIZ | Reayrtys Comyssey Share – Doodeeyn Ynrican<ref name="XBIZ 2016">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120103173201/http://www.xbizawards.com/winners.php XBIZ Award Winners], XBIZ, Jerrey Geuree 2016</ref> | ''[[Jessie Loves Girls]]'' |- |} ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * {{official website|http://www.jessieandrewsofficial.com}} * {{Imdb name|3992720}} * {{IAFD ennym|gender=f|id=JessieAndrews}} * {{afdb name|id=57616|gender=female}} * {{Instagram}} * {{Twitter}} {{AVN Best Actress}} {{XBIZ Best Actress}} {{Penthouse Pets 2014}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Andrews, Jessie}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1992]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn Americaanagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn pornograafagh bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn pornograafagh bwoirrin daa-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn bwoirrin daa-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Florida]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn an-ghraagh bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn an-ghraagh bwoirrin daa-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin daa-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn ass Florida]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn cliejeenys Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn fassan bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn fassan ass California]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn fassan ass Florida]] [[Ronney:Markee jysk woirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn bwoirrin daa-cheintyssagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn ass Florida]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Ultra Records]] [[Ronney:Penthouse Pets]] [[Ronney:Cosneyderyn Aundyr AVN]] [[Ronney:Cosneyderyn Aundyr XMA]] [[Ronney:Cosneyderyn Aundyr XRCO]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Miami]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Latvagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Sheenagh]] c8uu5ar4y90hmjwbrc2kmoyhzcc8rfd Jennifer Love Hewitt 0 23061 393582 346785 2026-09-25T01:15:54Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |jalloo = Jennifer Love Hewitt LF2.jpg |fo-heidyl = Hewitt at the premiere of 27 Dresses (2008) |date_ruggyr = {{date ruggit as eash|1979|2|21|df=y}} |boayl_ruggyr = [[Waco, Texas|Waco]], [[Texas]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit |bleeantyngobbyr = 1989&ndash;jiu }} She aghteyr, gienteyder, as arraneyder Americaanagh ee '''Jennifer Love Hewitt''' (ruggit er 21 Toshiaght Arree 1979<ref name=tvg>{{cite web| url = https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jennifer-love-hewitt/156628| title = Jennifer Love Hewitt| work = [[TV Guide]]| accessdate = 8 Jerrey Geuree 2015| language = Baarle| archive-date = 2015-01-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150109013302/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/jennifer-love-hewitt/156628| url-status = dead}}</ref>). Hoshee yn coorse eck myr aghteyr as arraneyder paitçhey, as va tuarystalyn eck ayns soilsheenyn çhellveeish ashoonagh roish my daink ee ry-cheilley lesh fwirran y straih ''[[Kids Incorporated]]'' (1989-1991) liorish y [[Disney Channel]]. Haink e brishey magh tra ren ee cloie Sarah Reeves Merrin er y drama jeigeyr ''[[Party of Five]]'' (1995-1999) liorish [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] as dirree urree ve ard-ghooagh myr rollage tra ren ee cloie Julie James ayns ny filmyn atçhim ''[[I Know What You Did Last Summer]]'' (1997) as [[I Still Know What You Did Last Summer|y fillym eiyrtyssagh echey voish y vlein 1998]], myrane lesh e paart myr Amanda Beckett 'sy fillym aittys jeigeyr ''[[Can't Hardly Wait]]'' (1998). Ta ny filmyn elley ard-ghooagh eck goaill stiagh ''[[Heartbreakers (fillym 2001)|Heartbreakers]]'' (2001), ''[[The Tuxedo]]'' (2002) as y daa [[Garfield: The Movie|fillym jantys bio ''Garfield'']] (2004–2006). Ren ee cloie Melinda Gordon er y drama neughooghyssagh ''[[Ghost Whisperer]]'' (2005-2010) liorish [[CBS]], Riley Parks er ''[[The Client List (TV series)|The Client List]]'' (2012–2013) liorish [[Lifetime (bollagh çhellveeish)|Lifetime]], Meoir er Lheh Kate Callahan er ''[[Criminal Minds]]'' (2014-2015) liorish CBS, as voish 2018, Maddie Buckley er y straih {{Nowrap|''[[9-1-1 (straih hellveeish)|9-1-1]]''}} liorish Fox. Hooar ee enmyssaght da'n [[Aundyr Golden Globe son yn Aghteyr Bwoirrin Share - Mynstraih ny Fillym Çhellveeish]] son y [[The Client List|fillym leeideilagh ''The Client List'']] (2010). 'Sy chiaull, ta Hewitt er chur magh kiare albym seyrlann derrey shoh. Lurg e chied albym, ''[[Love Songs (albym Jennifer Love Hewitt)|Love Songs]]'' (1992) va skeayllt magh 'sy Çhapaan tra v'ee 12 vleeaney d'eash, ren ee recortyssey ''[[Let's Go Bang]]'' (1995), ''[[Jennifer Love Hewitt (albym)|Jennifer Love Hewitt]]'' (1996) as ''[[BareNaked]]'' (2002). She yn albym BareNaked va'n chied albym eck hie stiagh ayns kaart chiaullee ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as ren eh roshtyn earroo 37 er y chaart [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. She yn singyl smoo rahoil v'eck er y chaart [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] na cur magh 1999 y tingyl "[[How Do I Deal]]", haink stiagh ec earroo 59. Chammah's y chiaull as y cloie eck, ta Hewitt er obbraghey myr gienteyder kuse vie jeh ny shalleeyn fillym as çhellveeish eck. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} {{Imdb name|id=0001349}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hewitt, Jennifer Love}} [[Ronney:Jennifer Love Hewitt| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1979]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Waco, Texas]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn pop-chiaull bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Gienteyderyn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Miallee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn pop-chiaull chraaee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Stiureyderyn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Gienteyderyn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Bell County, Texas]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Texas]] hu773dnvx98b6pf5dyxt18b376vsai2 The Goonies 0 24324 393604 379692 2026-09-25T02:42:04Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ennym iddaalagh}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Scannane | aghteyryn = [[Sean Astin]]<br/>[[Josh Brolin]]<br/>[[Jeff Cohen (aghteyr)|Jeff Cohen]]<br/>[[Corey Feldman]]<br/>[[Kerri Green]]<br/>[[Martha Plimpton]]<br/>[[Jonathan Ke Quan|Ke Huy Quan]] | skeaylley = 7 Mean Souree 1985 (Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit) | traa_roie = 114 minnidyn<ref>{{cite web |title=THE GOONIES {{!}} British Board of Film Classification |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/goonies |website=bbfc.co.uk |access-date=2022-07-14 |archive-date=2016-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729192702/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/goonies |url-status=dead}}</ref> | bushaid = $19 millioonyn | çheet_stiagh = $125 millioonyn }} She [[fillym aittys]] [[fillym contoyrtys|contoyrtys]] Americaanagh veih'n vlein 1985 eh '''''The Goonies'''''. Va'n fillym co-ghientit as stiurit ec [[Richard Donner]] veih scaa-chloie lesh [[Chris Columbus (jeantagh fillym)|Chris Columbus]] va bunnit er skeeal lesh [[Steven Spielberg]]. 'Sy fillym, ta paitçhyn ta beaghey ayns naboonys "Goon Docks" jeh'n valley [[Astoria, Oregon]], geearree nyn dhieyn y hauail veih goaill stiagh gioldeeaght as, er y vollagh, t'ad ronsaghey magh caslys-çheerey tashtee ta stiurey ad er contoyrtys son berçhys caillt One-Eyed Willy, [[mooirchraght|mooirchragheyder]] shenn-skeealagh veih'n 17oo eash. Car y chontoyrtys, ta lught thie kimmee shirrey ad son y tashtey y ghoaill roosyn hene. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Wikiquote}} * [https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/goonies/ Official Warner Bros. Site] * {{enmys imdb|id=0089218|title=The Goonies}} * {{Rotten-tomatoes|goonies}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goonies, The}} [[Ronney:Filmyn veih'n vlein 1985]] [[Ronney:Filmyn 'sy Vaarle]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys contoyrtys veih ny 1980yn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys caarjys veih ny 1980yn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys paitçhyn veih ny 1980yn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys veih'n vlein 1985]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Amblin Entertainment]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys contoyrtys Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys paitçhyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Warner Bros.]] 37c541syv8cd2v65l4taz24un6iwhn5 Benjamin King (aghteyr) 0 24516 393574 354093 2026-09-24T23:50:18Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ymmydcosoylagh|yn aghteyr|deiney elley|Ben King}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], SUA | bleeantyngobbyr = 1991–jiu }} She aghteyr Americaanagh eh '''Benjamin King''' (ruggit er 8 Sauin 1971)<ref>{{cite web|last1=King|first1=Benjamin|url=https://twitter.com/SirBenjaminKing/status/531165567428730880|title=Benjamin King on Twitter|accessdate=8 Sauin 2014|date=8 Sauin 2014}}</ref>. Ren eh cloie er ''[[Scrubs (straih hellveeish)|Scrubs]]'' myr Milos as t'eh er ny chloie er claareeyn elley lheid as ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'', ''[[Las Vegas (straih hellveeish)|Las Vegas]]'', as ''[[Mike and Molly]]''. Chloie eh er y straih hellveeish ''[[Liv and Maddie]]'' liorish y [[Disney Channel]] myr Pete Rooney, ayr ny h-ard-characteyryn, car y chied tree straihyn. Cha ren eh cloie 'sy straih yerrinagh. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== *{{IMDb name|0454482}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184005/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/benjamin-king/141557/ Benjamin King] ec [[TV Guide]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060426195934/http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg Benjamin King] ec [[Allmovie]] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:King, Benjamin}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1971]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Los Angeles]] tl2i7bxacmo321ya2f7560ll35nu2hn John Doman 0 24571 393584 346634 2026-09-25T01:18:34Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |jalloo = John Doman 2013 (cropped 2).jpg |fo-heidyl = Doman ayns 2013 |boayl_ruggyr = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], SUA |bleeantyngobbyr = 1991–jiu }} She aghteyr Americaanagh eh '''John Doman''' (ruggit er 9 Jerrey Geuree 1945) ta mie er enney son cloie Ard-oaseir Poleen Steat Maryland, Lhiass-varrantagh Poleen, as Meoir William Rawls er y straih ''[[The Wire]]'' (2002–2008) liorish [[HBO]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Doman and his many characters|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/john-doman-and-his-many-characters-826630.html|date=2020-04-17|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-13}}</ref> Curnal Edward Galson er ''[[Oz (straih hellveeish)|Oz]]'' (2001), Dr. Deraad er ''[[ER (straih hellveeish)|ER]]'' (1999–2003),<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Doman|url=https://www.voices.com/agencies/paradigmtalentny/johndoman|website=Voices.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-13|archivedate=2020-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720071339/https://www.voices.com/agencies/paradigmtalentny/johndoman}}</ref> [[Rodrigo Borgia]] er y straih hellveeish eddyrashoonagh ''[[Borgia (straih hellveeish)|Borgia]]'' (2011–2014),<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Doman {{!}} TV Guide|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/john-doman/credits/190192|website=TVGuide.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-13|archive-date=2020-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720112457/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/john-doman/credits/190192/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Don Carmine Falcone 'sy chlaare ''[[Gotham (straih hellveeish)|Gotham]]'' (2014–2017) liorish Fox, as Bruce Buttler ayns ''[[The Affair (straih hellveeish)|The Affair]]'' (2014–2019).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exclusive: Cold Pursuit, Gotham Actor John Doman On Mastering Strong, Authoritative Characters|url=https://in.mashable.com/entertainment/13224/exclusive-cold-pursuit-gotham-actor-john-doman-on-mastering-strong-authoritative-characters|first=Jinal|last=Bhatt|date=2020-04-16|website=Mashable India|language=en-in|accessdate=2020-05-13}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat}} * {{IMDb name|0231283}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Doman, John}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1945]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Philadelphia]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Pennsylvania]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Bluckaneyryn Penn Quakers]] 0hcyts7ao09tjvtcbi6sb31hgg74zl8 Ed O'Neill 0 24899 393578 346716 2026-09-25T00:40:55Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Ed O'Neill at 2015 PaleyFest.jpg | fo-heidyl = O'Neill ec [[PaleyFest]] 2015 | ennym_ruggyr = Edward Leonard O'Neill | boayl_ruggyr = [[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]], [[Ohio]], SUA | ashoonaght = [[Americaanee|Americaanagh]] | bleeantyngobbyr = 1967–jiu }} She cloieder as fer aitt Americaanagh eh '''Edward Leonard "Ed" O'Neill'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Ed O'Neill {{!}} Television Academy Interviews |url=https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/interviews/ed-oneill |website=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences|Television Academy]] |accessdate=11 Luanistyn 2019 |language=en |date=22 Jerrey Fouyir 2017}}</ref> (ruggit er 12 Averil 1946). Ta e phaartyn goaill stiagh Al Bundy 'sy sitcom ''[[Married... with Children]]'' liorish [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox Network]], raad v'eh enmyssit son daa [[Aundyr Golden Globe]], as Jay Pritchett 'sy straih aittys ''[[Modern Family]]'' liorish [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] raad v'eh enmyssit son tree [[Aundyryn Primetime Emmy]] as ren eh cosney kiare [[Aundyryn y Screen Actors Guild|Aundyryn lhiantagh y Screen Actors Guild]] son [[Aundyr y Screen Actors Guild Award son Cloie Ard-yindyssagh liorish Fwirran ayns Straih Aittys|Fwirran Ard-yindyssagh ayns Straih Aittys]].<ref name="time">{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2093469_2093468_2093467,00.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916121009/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2093469_2093468_2093467,00.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=16 Mean Fouyir 2011 |title=Ed O'Neill: From Al Bundy to Jay Pritchett |magazine=[[Time (earishlioar)|Time]] |date=16 Mean Fouyir 2011 |accessdate=16 Mayrnt 2012 |author=Romero, Frances}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ed O'Neill {{!}} TV Guide |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ed-oneill/bio/148365 |website=[[TV Guide]] |accessdate=11 Luanistyn 2019 |language=en |archive-date=2019-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811141636/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/ed-oneill/bio/148365 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Chammah's shen, t'eh er ny chloie 'sy straih fillym ''[[Wayne's World]]'', ayns ''[[Little Giants]]'', ayns ''[[Prefontaine (fillym)|Prefontaine]]'', ayns''[[The Bone Collector]]'', as ayns ''[[Sun Dogs (fillym 2017)|Sun Dogs]]'', chammah as obbyr ghoo son y chiartys dellal ''[[Wreck-It Ralph (kiartys dellal)|Wreck It Ralph]]'' as ''[[Finding Dory]]''. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== * {{IMDb name|0642145}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Oneill, Ed}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1946]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Bluckaneyryn bluckan coshey Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fir aitt Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee aitt ass Ohio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Cliaghteyderyn Americaanagh y jiu-jitsu Brasseelagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Ohio]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Youngstown, Ohio]] [[Ronney:Bluckaneyryn Ohio Bobcats]] [[Ronney:Bluckaneyryn ass Ohio]] [[Ronney:Bluckaneyryn Pittsburgh Steelers]] [[Ronney:Bluckaneyryn Youngstown State Penguins]] 8l4kh84rfpm600p5s752psffavc5ir8 Alexis Bledel 0 25055 393570 344697 2026-09-24T23:32:35Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |jalloo = AlexisBledelSept11TIFF.jpg |fo-heidyl = Bledel ayns 2011 |ennym_ruggyr = Kimberly Alexis Bledel |boayl_ruggyr = [[Houston]], [[Texas]], SUA |bleeantyngobbyr = 1996–jiu }} She ben-aghteyr as craishteyder Americaanagh ee '''Kimberly Alexis Bledel'''<ref name="name">{{cite web |url=http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/alexis-bledel/bio/138938 |title=Alexis Bledel Biography |work=[[TV Guide]] |accessdate=22 Mayrnt 2013 |archive-date=2013-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022073848/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/alexis-bledel/bio/138938 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (ruggit er 16 Mean Fouyir 1981). Ta enney mie urree son e paart myr Rory Gilmore 'sy straih hellveeish ''[[Gilmore Girls]]'' (2000–2007), as myr Emily Malek ayns ''[[The Handmaid's Tale (straih hellveeish)|The Handmaid's Tale]]'' (2017–2021). Va paart aafilleydagh ec Bledel ayns ''[[Mad Men]]'' ayns 2012 as ren ee aavioghey yn paart eck myr Rory Gilmore 'sy vyn-straigh aa-chruinnaght ''[[Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life]]'' (2016) liorish [[Netflix]]. Ren Bledel y chied chloie ard-fillym myr Winnie Foster 'syn aachummey jantys bio jeh ''[[Tuck Everlasting (fillym 2002)|Tuck Everlasting]]'' (2002) liorish [[Disney Studios|Disney]], as hie ee er oaie cloie ayns ''[[Sin City (fillym)|Sin City]]'' (2005), ''[[Post Grad]]'' (2009), as 'sy straih fillym ''[[The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (straih fillym)|The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants]]''. Ta Bledel er ny gheddyn ram aundyryn as enmyssaghtyn son yn obbyr eck. Hooar ee enmyssaghtyn son aundyryn [[Aundyryn Satellite|Satellite]], [[Aundyryn Teen Choice|Teen Choice]], as [[Aundyryn Young Artist|Young Artist]] son e paart ayns ''Gilmore Girls''. T'ee er ny gheddin kiare enmyssaghtyn son [[Aundyryn Primetime Emmy]] son ''The Handmaid's Tale'' as [[Aundyr Primetime Emmy son y Ven-aghteyr Cuirreydagh Ard-yindyssagh ayns Straih Drama]] cosnit eck. Ta tree enmyssaghtyn son [[Aundyryn y Screen Actors Guild]] feddynit eck son [[Aundyr y Screen Actors Guild son Cloie Ard-yindyssagh liorish Fwirran ayns Straih Drama|Fwirran Ard-yindyssagh ayns Straih Drama]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{Rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commonscat}} {{wikiquote}} * {{IMDb name|0088127}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bledel, Alexis}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1981 births]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Houston]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Argenteenagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Danvargagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Germaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Brooklyn Heights]] engo4bvkxy7jdaymw000m8v2eenpi3p Madeline Brewer 0 25056 393586 359033 2026-09-25T01:32:55Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = | fo-heidyl = Brewer 'sy vlein 2017 | ennym_ruggyr = Madeline Kathryn Brewer | boayl_ruggyr = [[Pitman, New Jersey|Pitman]], [[New Jersey]], SUA | bleeantyngobbyr = 2013–jiu }} She ben-aghteyr Americaanagh ee '''Madeline Kathryn Brewer'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/madeline-brewer/bio/1060973/|title=Madeline Brewer|work=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=21 Sauin 2018|archive-date=2019-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504205306/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/madeline-brewer/bio/1060973|url-status=dead}}</ref> (ruggit er 1 Boaldyn 1992<ref name="THMT1">{{cite web |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/COWP0-EHDp4/?igshid=1dd6ticcrw8i3 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730023356/https://www.instagram.com/p/COWP0-EHDp4/?igshid=1dd6ticcrw8i3 |archivedate=2022-07-30 |url-access=registration |title=Login • Instagram |accessdate=2022-08-28 }}</ref>). T'ee mie er enney son e paart myr Tricia Miller 'sy straih hellveeish ''[[Orange Is the New Black]]'' (2013), e paart ayns ''[[Hemlock Grove (straih hellveeish)|Hemlock Grove]]'' (2014–2015), as e paart myr Alice/Lola 'sy fillym atçhim ''[[Cam (fillym)|Cam]]'' liorish [[Netflix]]. T'ee cloie Janine Lindo 'sy straih yee-launyssagh ''[[The Handmaid's Tale (straih hellveeish)|The Handmaid's Tale]]'' (2017–jiu) liorish [[Hulu]], raad hooar ee enmyssaght son [[Aundyryn Primetime Emmy|Emmy]] son [[Aundyr Primetime Emmy Award son y Ven-aghteyr Co-hassooagh Ard-yindyssagh ayns Straih Drama|y Ven-aghteyr Co-hassooagh Ard-yindyssagh ayns Straih Drama]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== *{{IMDb name|5483400}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Brewer, Madeline}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1992]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass New Jersey]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Pitman, New Jersey]] gn3en9jgynsngper1jtapkmyfb80kkr Zachary Levi 0 26139 393609 361530 2026-09-25T03:11:47Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Lake Charles, Louisiana]], SUA | bleeantyngobbyr = 2001–jiu<ref name="archive.vcstar.com">{{cite web |last=Mason |first=Dave |url=http://archive.vcstar.com/entertainment/zachary-levi-loves-being-an-action-hero-in-nbcs-chuck-ep-373936780-352600301.html/ |title=Zachary Levi loves being an action hero in NBC's 'Chuck' |website=VC Star |date=12 Averil 2008 |accessdate=8 Mayrnt 2011 |archive-date=2020-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606050742/http://archive.vcstar.com/entertainment/zachary-levi-loves-being-an-action-hero-in-nbcs-chuck-ep-373936780-352600301.html/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} She aghteyr Americaanagh eh '''Zachary Levi Pugh''' (ruggit er 29 Mean Fouyir 1980).<ref name="tvg">{{cite web | url= https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/zachary-levi/bio/191119 | title= Zachary Levi | work= [[TV Guide]] | accessdate= 3 Luanistyn 2011 | archive-date= 2011-08-07 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110807034716/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/zachary-levi/bio/191119 | url-status= dead}}</ref> Hooar eh moylley cremeydagh tra ren eh cloie Chuck Bartowski 'sy straih ''[[Chuck (straih hellveeish)|Chuck]]'', as y karacteyr ennymagh<ref name="Deadline">{{cite web |url=https://deadline.com/2017/10/zachary-levi-dc-shazam-new-line-1202196486/ |title=Zachary Levi To Star In DC's 'Shazam!' For New Line |last=N'Duka |first=Amanda |date=27 Jerrey Fouyir 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |accessdate=30 Nollick 2017}}</ref><ref name="refreshing">{{cite web|url=http://www.etonline.com/zachary-levi-becoming-refreshing-dc-hero-shazam-and-possible-cameo-gal-gadot-exclusive-93843 |title=Zachary Levi on Becoming a 'Refreshing' DC Hero in 'Shazam' and a Possible Cameo by Gal Gadot (Exclusive) |website=[[Entertainment Tonight]] |first=Jennifer|last=Drysdale| language=en |date=8 Jerrey Geuree 2018|accessdate=2 Toshiaght Arree 2018}}</ref> ayns ''[[Shazam! (fillym)|Shazam!]]'' as y [[Shazam! Fury of the Gods|fillym eiyrtyssagh]] (2023). Chur eh e ghoo rish y characteyr Eugene Fitzherbert 'sy fillym bioghit ''[[Tangled]]'' (2010), raad ren eh goaill yn arrane "[[I See the Light]]" marish [[Mandy Moore]]; chossyn yn arrane [[Aundyr Grammy Award]] son [[Aundyr Grammy son yn Arrane Share Screeuit son Mean Reayrtagh|yn Arrane Share va Screeuit son Mean Reayrtagh]].<ref name="eonline.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/complete_list_of_nominees_54th_annual/277725 |title=Complete List of Nominees for the 54th Annual Grammy Awards |first=Bruna |last=Nessif |website=[[E!|E! Online]] |date=30 Sauin 2011 |accessdate=18 Jerrey Souree 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509041624/http://www.eonline.com/news/277725/complete-list-of-nominees-for-the-54th-annual-grammy-awards |archivedate= 9 Boaldyn 2016}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-env-grammy-nominees-2011-list,0,4670613.htmlstory |title=Grammys: 54th Grammy Awards nominees |date=20 Mayrnt 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |accessdate=18 Jerrey Souree 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307184211/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-env-grammy-nominees-2011-list-htmlstory.html |archivedate=7 Mayrnt 2016}}</ref> Ren eh aavioghey yn paart goo 'sy ghiare-fillym ''[[Tangled Ever After]]'' (2012) as, ayns 2017, ''[[Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure]]'',<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Piester |first=Lauren |title=Chuck's Zachary Levi and Yvonne Strahovski Reunite for Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure |url=https://www.eonline.com/uk/news/945209/chuck-s-zachary-levi-and-yvonne-strahovski-reunite-for-rapunzel-s-tangled-adventure |website=E! News |date=19 Mean Souree 2018 |accessdate=31 Boaldyn 2019}}</ref> 'sy [[Tangled: The Series|straih hellveeish]] liorish [[Disney Channel]] ta bunnit er y fillym.<ref name="TangledTV">{{cite news|last=Bryant|first=Jacob|title='Tangled' Animated TV Series Based on Film Coming to Disney Channel|url=https://variety.com/2016/tv/news/tangled-ever-after-jeffrey-tambor-jonathan-banks-george-eads-macgyver-1201724520/|work=[[Variety (earishlioar)|Variety]]|date=8 Mayrnt 2016|accessdate=10 Averil 2016}}</ref> T'eh er ve fakinit ayns ny filmyn ''[[Thor: The Dark World]]'' as ''[[Thor: Ragnarok]]'' myr Fandral. Chammah's shen, cloie Levi Georg Nowack ayns aavioghey [[Theater Broadway|Broadway]] ''[[She Loves Me]]'' (2016) marish [[Laura Benanti]], paart chossyn da enmyssaght son [[Aundyr Tony]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commonscategory|Zachary Levi}} * {{IMDb name|1157048|Zachary Levi}} * {{Amg name|340257|Zachary Levi}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Levi, Zachary}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1980]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn gamman-feeshan firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Bretnagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Louisiana]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Lake Charles, Louisiana]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Ventura, California]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn ass Louisiana]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] 8estxhafpwzgxje0q7hrhzakee0r7w5 Alyson Stoner 0 26244 393572 346988 2026-09-24T23:34:23Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |jalloo = Alyson Stoner AMAs 2019.png |fo-heidyl = Stoner ayns 2019 | boayl_ruggyr = [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], [[Ohio]], SUA | bleeantyngobbyr = 2001–jiu }} She ben-aghteyr, arraneyder, as daunseyr Americaanagh ee '''Alyson Rae Stoner'''<ref name="TV Guide">{{cite web |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/alyson-stoner/bio/198298 |title=Alyson Stoner Biography |publisher=TV Guide |accessdate=12 Jerrey Fouyir 2009 |archive-date=2015-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710000044/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/alyson-stoner/bio/198298 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (ruggit er 11 Luanistyn 1993<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.almanac.com/fact/alyson-stoner-actress-born |title=When was Alyson Stoner (actress) born? |publisher=Old Farmer’s Almanac |accessdate=28 Luanistyn 2019}}</ref>). Ta enney urree son e paartyn ayns ''[[Cheaper by the Dozen (fillym 2003)|Cheaper by the Dozen]]'' (2003), ''[[Cheaper by the Dozen 2]]'' (2005), as 'sy [[Step Up (kiartys mean)|chiartys fillym ''Step Up'']] (2006–2014). Ta e paartyn çhellveeish goaill stiagh oastagh ''[[Mike's Super Short Show]]'' (2001–2007) liorish y [[Disney Channel]], cloie Max ayns ''[[The Suite Life of Zack & Cody]]'' (2005–2007), cur e goo rish Isabella Garcia-Shapiro ayns ''[[Phineas and Ferb]]'' (2007–2015), as cloie Caitlyn ayns ''[[Camp Rock]]'' (2008) as ''[[Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam]]'' (2010). Ta Stoner er ny ve ny daunseyr cooylrey son shiartanse d'ellyneyryn, goaill stiagh [[Missy Elliott]], [[Eminem]], [[Kumbia Kings]], [[Outkast]], as [[Will Smith]]. Chur ee e goo rish y chiartys ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]'' (2008–2020) as rish y straih chlaareeyn bioghit er lheh ''[[Holly Hobbie & Friends]]'' (2006–2008). Chammah's shen, t'ee er ny skeaylley magh daa hingyl jeig as daa chloie sheeynt. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commonscategory|Alyson Stoner}} * {{Facebook|alysonstoner|Alyson Stoner}} * {{IMDb name|1351987}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stoner, Alyson}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1993]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Toledo, Ohio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Ohio]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn ass Ohio]] [[Ronney:Daunseyryn ass Ohio]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Daunseyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Çhebbeyderyn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] 6jfcdg5amsxoabpkbgd3yie5zzrbhrd Percival Lowell 0 26372 393590 381882 2026-09-25T01:58:48Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney |boayl_ruggyr = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit |date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1855|3|13}} |boayl_baaish = [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]], [[Arizona]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit |date_baaish = {{date baaish as eash|df=y|1916|11|12|1855|3|13}} |ashoonaght = [[Americaanee|Americaanagh]] |ennit = [[Ammyryn Vart]], feddyn magh y [[roltageagh]] [[793 Arizona]] }} She delleyder, ughtar, maddaghteyr, as [[rollageyder]] Americaanagh va '''Percival Lowell''' (13 Mayrnt 1855 – 12 Sauin 1916). Ta enney mie er son cur rish y çheiltynys dy row [[ammyryn Vart|ammyryn]] er [[Mart (planaid)|Mart]], as ren eh yrjaghey as cur rish sheiltynyssyn [[Yn nuyoo planaid|y nuyoo planaid]] çheusthie jeh [[Corys ny Greiney]]. Chur eh [[Reayrtlann Lowell]] er bun ayns [[Flagstaff, Arizona]], as ren eh cur er bun toshiaght yn eiyrtys chur rish feddyn magh [[Pluto]] 14 bleeaney lurg e vaaish. ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{wikiquote|Percival Lowell}} {{commons category|Percival Lowell}} * [http://www.lowell.edu/ Reayrtlann Lowell] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170307154442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/scientists/percival_lowell BBC Science: Percival Lowell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307154442/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/scientists/percival_lowell |date=7 Mayrnt 2017 }} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lowell, Percival}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1855]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 1916]] [[Ronney:Rollageyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheeagheyryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fowderyn roltagee]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Flagstaff, Arizona]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Boston]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn firryn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Pluto]] gh8q9d2dskzrcs7r1ba7t6j58ajxux4 Marie-Claude Bourbonnais 0 26678 393587 377444 2026-09-25T01:37:59Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière]], [[Québec]], y Chanadey<ref name=off>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcbourbonnais.com/en/index.html |title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais - Cosplay / Glamour Model, Designer |accessdate=2012-09-24 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930100119/http://mcbourbonnais.com/en/index.html |archivedate=2012-09-30 }}</ref> | yrjid = 1.70 m (5' 7")<ref name=pm>{{cite web |url=http://www.paidmodels.com/profile.php?id=15351 |title=PM #15351 :: Marie Claude Bourbonnais :: Model (Female: 32) |publisher=PaidModels.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-24 |archivedate=2018-10-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005230324/http://www.paidmodels.com/profile.php?id=15351 }}</ref> | trimmid = 57 kg (125 lb) | towshan = 34H-25-36 }} She [[craishteyder drualtagh]] as [[cloie coamree]] Canadagh ee '''Marie-Claude Bourbonnais''' (ruggit er 15 Jerrey Fouyir 1979 ayns [[Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière]]). ==Coorse bea== Ren Bourbonnais obbraghey myr [[kiaddeyder coamree]] as [[kiaddeyder fassan|fassan]] roish my ren ee goaill toshiaght gobbraghey myr craishteyder keirdey tra ren ee shassoo son y feaillere ''Dream Team'' ayns 2008. Ayns Jerrey Souree 2008, hass ee ayns faghtys soilsheenee son [[New York Fries]], kiartys dellal d'oastanyn bee tappee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://adsoftheworld.com/media/print/new_york_fries_fake |title=New York Fries: Fake &#124; Ads of the World™ |publisher=Adsoftheworld.com |accessdate=2013-08-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701140242/http://adsoftheworld.com/media/print/new_york_fries_fake |archivedate=2017-07-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adrants.com/2008/07/real-french-fries-shame-fake-breasts.php |title=Real French Fries Shame Fake Breasts |publisher=Adrants |date= |accessdate=2012-09-24}}</ref> Ren Bourbonnais goll er oaie craishtey, goaill stiagh obbyr lesh ''American Curves'', ''[[Elle (earishlioar)|Elle Canada]]'', ''[[FHM|FHM Philippines]]'', ''[[People (earishlioar Austrailagh)|People]]'', ''[[PlayStation Official Magazine - UK|PlayStation Official Magazine]]'', ''Summum'' as ''[[Toronto Sun]]'', chammah as son cooishyn giastyllagh. Ayns 2010, chur ee e colught hene er bun.<ref name=off/> Ta Bourbonnais er ny ve craishtey [[cloie coamree]] as croo coamraghyn voish 2009,<ref>{{cite web |author=Eduvas, Ronjay | date=29 Toshiaght Arree 2012 |url=http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais |title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216072426/http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais |archivedate=2013-02-16 |work=FHM | accessdate=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://arcadesushi.com/hottest-cosplay-20-marie-claude-bourbonnais/ |title=No. 20: Marie-Claude Bourbonnais – Hottest Cosplay Girls |publisher=Arcadesushi.com |date=2013-03-14 |accessdate=2013-08-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Mike Fahey |url=http://kotaku.com/5190393/mortal-kombats-frost-much-hotter-in-person |title=Mortal Kombat’s Frost Much Hotter In Person |work=Kotaku |accessdate=30 Mayrnt 2009 |archive-date=2018-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103309/http://kotaku.com/5190393/mortal-kombats-frost-much-hotter-in-person |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Alan Bell |url=http://nzgamer.com/vita/features/941/history-of-mortal-kombat-part-2.html |title=History of Mortal Kombat - Part 2 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607072215/http://nzgamer.com/vita/features/941/history-of-mortal-kombat-part-2.html |archivedate=2013-06-07 |work= NZGamer.com |accessdate= 24 Toshiaght Arree 2011}}</ref> goaill stiagh goaill commee 'sy feaillere ''Cosplay for a Cause'' ayns 2011 son argid y hroggal dy chooney lurg [[craa thallooin as tsunami Tōhoku, 2011]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cosplayforacause.com/bio-mcb.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20110806063933/http://cosplayforacause.com/bio-mcb.html|url-status=dead|title=Cosplay for a Cause|date=6 Luanistyn 2011|archivedate=6 Luanistyn 2011|accessdate=15 Mean Souree 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/sunshine-girl/2011/11/04/marie-claude|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205151421/http://www.torontosun.com/sunshine-girl/2011/11/04/marie-claude|url-status=dead|archivedate=5 Toshiaght Arree 2016|title=SUNshineGirl |publisher=Toronto Sun |date=2011-11-04 |accessdate=2013-08-04}}</ref> Va Bourbonnais ny loayrtagh ec [[Anime Weekend Atlanta]] ayns 2012,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://awa2012.sched.org/speaker/marieclaude#.UGLEabIaPao |title=Anime Weekend Atlanta: Marie-Claude Bourbonnais |publisher=Awa2012.sched.org |date= |accessdate=2013-08-04}}</ref> as ny h-eie er lheh ec shiartanse dy cho-chruinnaghtyn Americaanagh Hwoaie as Yiass, goaill stiagh Cape & Kimono 2010 as 2011,<ref name=anime>{{cite web|url=http://animecons.com/guests/bio.shtml/3123/Marie_Claude_Bourbonnais |title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais Biography @ |publisher=Animecons.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-04}}</ref> [[Ottawa Comiccon]] 2012,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ottawacomiccon.com/guests_special_guests.php |title=Special Guests |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625001833/http://ottawacomiccon.com/guests_special_guests.php |archivedate=25 Mean Souree 2012 }}</ref> [[Nadeshicon]] 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nadeshicon.ca/en/guests/#Marie-Claude_Bourbonnais|title=Guests|publisher=|accessdate=17 January 2015}}</ref> Comiccon de Québec 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/|title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais - Our Guests|publisher=Comicconquebec.com|accessdate=17 January 2015|archivedate=4 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104204959/http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/}}</ref> [[Montreal Comiccon]] 2014,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.montrealcomiccon.com/fr/invites/88-marie-claude-bourbonnais/ |title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903060704/http://www.montrealcomiccon.com/fr/invites/88-marie-claude-bourbonnais/ |archivedate=3 Mean Fouyir 2014 |work=Montréal ComicCon}}</ref> as Comiccon de Québec 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/|title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais - Our Guests - Comiccon|website=www.comicconquebec.com|accessdate=15 Mean Souree 2018|archivedate=2019-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104204959/http://www.comicconquebec.com/en/our-guests/76-marie-claude-bourbonnais/}}</ref> V'ee ry-akin as ry-chlashtyn er claareeyn çhellveeish as radio, as ren Soda Pop Miniatures as Paolo Parente taishbyney ish myr karacteyr ayns ny gammanyn oc.<ref name=anime/> Chammah's shen, chloie ee yn karacteyr Hornet 'sy straih voggylagh ''Heroes of the North'' <ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.gam3.es/cosplay/sexy-cosplay-especial-marie-claude-bourbonnais-123 |title=Sexy cosplay Marie-Claude Bourbonnais (fotos+vídeos) |work=Gam3.es |date= |accessdate=2015-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508032629/http://www.gam3.es/cosplay/sexy-cosplay-especial-marie-claude-bourbonnais-123 |archivedate=2015-05-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{Rolleyimraaghyn|colwidth=30em}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons category|Marie-Claude Bourbonnais}} *{{official website|http://www.mcbourbonnais.com/}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20221120170827/http://www.cosplay.com/member/245852/ Marie-Claude Bourbonnais er Cosplay.com] *[http://www.modelmayhem.com/657042 Marie-Claude Bourbonnais er Model Mayhem] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bourbonnais, Marie-Claude}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1979]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn coamree bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn an-ghraagh bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Cloiederyn coamree]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Québec]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn ass Québec]] [[Ronney:Cloiederyn coamree]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Bas-Saint-Laurent]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn feddish]] cps6h97028zsqy1mhhixta1zauczycg Beyoncé 0 27083 393575 370713 2026-09-24T23:50:31Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = Beyonce Giselle Knowles | boayl_ruggyr = [[Houston]], Texas, ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | yrjid = {{yrjid|m=1.69}} }} She arraneyder, screeudeyr arrane, as ben-aghteyr Americaanagh ee '''Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter''' (ruggit er 4 Mean Fouyir 1981).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/12/23/beyonce_knowles_name_change/|title=Beyoncé Knowles' name change|newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]]|date=23 Nollick 2009|accessdate=8 Mayrnt 2013|archivedate=2013-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130321085731/http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2009/12/23/beyonce_knowles_name_change/}}</ref> Ta Beyoncé coontit myr nane jeh ny ben-chiaulleyderyn smoo cummaghtagh 'sy 21d eash, rere ''[[NPR]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fram |first=Eric |date=2018-11-20 |title=Turning the Tables: Your List Of The 21st Century's Most Influential Women Musicians |language=Baarle |work=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/11/20/668372321/turning-the-tables-your-list-of-the-21st-centurys-most-influential-women-musicia |accessdate=2022-10-30 }}</ref> Ta'n rah eck er ny yannoo jallooag chultooragh jee as t'ee er ny chosney yn far-ennym "Queen Bey".<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web||date=27 Mean Souree 2016 |title=Beyoncé's star formation: from Destiny's Child to Queen Bey |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/27/beyonce-star-formation-destinys-child-queen-bey-tour |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211027/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jun/27/beyonce-star-formation-destinys-child-queen-bey-tour |archivedate=27 Jerrey Fouyir 2021 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> == Albymyn == * ''Dangerously in Love'' (2003) * B'Day (2006) * ''I Am... Sasha Fierce'' (2008) * ''4'' (2011) * ''Beyoncé'' (2013) * ''Lemonade'' (2016) * ''Renaissance'' (2022) ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commonscat}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://beyonce.com/}} * {{IMDb name|461498|Beyoncé}} {{MTV Movie Award da'n Troddan Share}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Beyonce}} [[Ronney:Beyoncé| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1981]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Houston]] [[Ronney:Delleyder bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Daunseyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn fassan bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Daunseyryn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Texas]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn kiaull R&B co-emshiragh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn pop-chiaull bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn hip hop bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn eddyr-ghooagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Stiureyderyn feeshan kiaullee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn annym-chiaull Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Miallee Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Gienteyderyn recortys bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Columbia Records]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn pop-chiaull daunse]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn Destiny's Child]] [[Ronney:Stiureyderyn feeshan kiaullee bwoirrin]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn feminagh]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Gold Star Records]] [[Ronney:Jay-Z]] [[Ronney:Solange Knowles]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Parkwood Entertainment]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn braagyn]] mljksof32estgmrmmk14mcpd3i1mp80 Rolley cloiederyn coamree 0 27263 393597 386661 2026-09-25T02:18:12Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393597 wikitext text/x-wiki Shoh heese rolley sleih ard-ghooagh t'er enney er son [[cloie coamree]], ceau emshir raad ta ny commee ceau [[coamrey|coamraghyn]] as [[gliggyr fassan|gliggyryn fassan]] er son [[karacteyr (ellynyn)|karacteyr]] ny eie voish y far-skeealaght y chloie. ==Cloiederyn coamree ard-ghooagh== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" style="width:140px;"|Ennym ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" class="unsortable"| Jalloo ! scope="col" style="width:90px;"|Ruggyr ! scope="col" style="width:90px;"|Baase ! scope="col" style="width:700px;" class="unsortable"|Ennit er son ! scope="col" style="width:150px;" class="unsortable"|Çheer ! scope="col" style="width:30px;" class="unsortable"|Imraa |- | {{sortname|Marie-Claude|Bourbonnais}} | [[Coadan:Marie-Claude Bourbonnais.jpg|80px]] | 15 Jerrey Fouyir 1979 | | [[Craishteyder drualtagh]] ta cloie [[Frost (Mortal Kombat)|Frost]] voish ''[[Mortal Kombat]]'' dy mennick. | Y Chanadey | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Eduvas |first=Ronjay| date=29 Toshiaght Arree 2012 | url=http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais |title= Marie-Claude Bourbonnais |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216072426/http://www.fhm.com.ph/fhm-babes/girls-of-fhm/11560/marie-claude-bourbonnais |archivedate=2013-02-16 |work=FHM |accessdate=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/marie-claude-bourbonnais-cosplay/|title=Marie-Claude Bourbonnais Cosplay {{!}} Cosplay News Network|date=2017-07-19|work=Cosplay News Network|accessdate=2018-10-10|language=Baarle|archivedate=2018-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010060745/http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/marie-claude-bourbonnais-cosplay/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Riki|LeCotey}} ("Riddle") | [[Coadan:Riddle as Dr Mrs The Monarch (9333201495).jpg|80px]] | <span style="display:none;speak:none">000000001980-10-27-0000</span><!-- Year of birth unknown but likely to be in the 1980s like contemporary cosplayers. 1980 used for sorting purposes only as the earliest part of that range. -->27 Jerrey Fouyir | | Cloieder coamree, jantagh coamree er lheh, ard-oltey skimmee yn straih ''[[Heroes of Cosplay]]'' liorish [[SyFy]]. | Ruggit 'sy Chanadey<br />Beaghey ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |last=Cardenas |first=Richard |url=http://www.popcults.com/meet-the-cast-syfys-heroes-of-cosplay-riki-lecotey/ |title=Meet the Cast: SyFy’s Heroes of Cosplay – Riki LeCotey |publisher=Popcults.com |date=2013-08-06 |accessdate=2015-04-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415080959/http://www.popcults.com/meet-the-cast-syfys-heroes-of-cosplay-riki-lecotey/ |archivedate=2015-04-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Holly|Conrad}} | [[File:10.12.12HollyConradByLuigiNovi1.jpg|80px]] | 22 Boaldyn 1986 | | [[Persoonid yn eddyr-voggyl]] | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://esportsku.com/holly-conrad-cosplayer-dan-internet-personality/|title=Holly Conrad, Cosplayer Dan Internet Personality {{!}} Esportsku|date=2021-09-13|work=Esportsku|accessdate=2021-09-13|language=ID}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Adrianne|Curry}} | [[File:Adrianne Curry 2009.jpg|80px]] | 6 Luanistyn 1982 | | Craishteyder as persoonid çhellveeish; y chied chosneyder er ''[[America's Next Top Model]]''. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"| |- | {{sortname|Anna | Faith}} | | 21 Sauin 1995 | | Cloieder coamree ta cloie [[Elsa (Disney)|Elsa]] voish ''[[Frozen (scannane 2013)|Frozen]]'' dy mennick. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last=Rothman|first=Michael|date=13 Mean Souree 2014|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/meet-anna-faith-carlson-actress-elsa-frozen/story?id=24130119|title=Meet Anna Faith Carlson, the Actress Who Looks Just Like Elsa From 'Frozen'|work=ABC News|accessdate=4 Toshiaght Arree 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/anna-faith-top-ten-cosplayer/|title=Anna Faith Top Ten Cosplayer|date=2018-10-08|work=Cosplay News Network|accessdate=2018-10-10|language=Baarle|archivedate=2020-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108160252/http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/anna-faith-top-ten-cosplayer/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Francesca|Dani}} | [[File:Francesca dani bogota.jpg|80px]] | 5 Mayrnt 1979 | | [[Jalloo lieen]] as craishteyder ta goll er enney er son ny karacteyryn Shapaanagh y chloie, goaill toshiaght rish [[Sailor Moon]]. | Yn Iddaal | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Solano |first=Carlos | date=19 Averil 2009 |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-3405755 |title = La Modelo Con Ojos De Muñeca Hentai |language=Spaainish | work=[[El Tiempo (y Cholombey)|El Tiempo]]|accessdate=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Enako|}} | [[File:Enako as Snow Miku giving heart hand gesture in Bangkok (8433706089).jpg|80px]] | 22 Jerrey Geuree 1994 | | [[Cloieder coamree]], [[ben-aghteyr goo]], as [[jalloo Shapaanagh|aa-yalloo Shapaanagh]] | Y Çhapaan | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2016-09-15/professional-cosplayer-enako-reveals-her-lucrative-income/.106485|title= Professional Cosplayer Enako Reveals Her Lucrative Income|date= 15 Mean Fouyir 2016|accessdate= 20 Mean Fouyir 2016|work= [[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://lineblog.me/enakorin/|title= Line Official Blog Enako|accessdate= 20 Mean Fouyir 2016|work= lineblog.me|archive-date= 2016-05-16|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160516131543/http://lineblog.me/enakorin|url-status= dead}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Folkenstal|}} | [[File:Folkenstal.png|80px]] | <span style="display:none;speak:none">000000001980-03-22-0000</span><!-- Year of birth unknown but likely to be in the 1980s like contemporary cosplayers. 1980 used for sorting purposes only as the earliest part of that range. -->22 Mayrnt | | Cloieder coamree ta taishbyney wappinyn as eillaghyn ta ry-akin ayns ''[[The Elder Scrolls Online]]'' | Yn Elveeish | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web | last=Rusch | first=Marlon | date=18 Averil 2015 | url=http://www.schweizamsonntag.ch/ressort/basel/mit_heisser_luft_geschmiedet/ | title=A portrait about Swiss propmaker Folkenstal | work=[[Schweiz am Sonntag]] | access-date=2022-12-10 | archive-date=2015-11-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126061007/http://www.schweizamsonntag.ch/ressort/basel/mit_heisser_luft_geschmiedet/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Alodia|Gosiengfiao}} | [[File:MGCCon 2012 - Alodia Gosiengfiao 3.jpg|80px]] | 9 Mayrnt 1988 | | Craishteyder, ellyneyr, as arraneyder. Cloieder coamree t'er ny chosney ram aundyryn. | Ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite book|last=Boon |first= Rachael |date=16 Sauin 2010|title=Men want to marry her| publisher=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Kat|Gunn}} ("Mystik") | | 20 Averil 1988 | | Cloieder gamman-feeshan, stroodeyr [[Twitch (shirveish)|Twitch]], as oltscarreyder scaalheanee lesh [[IGN]]. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Team Dignitas Featured Streamer Spotlight: Kat Gunn|url=http://team-dignitas.net/articles/news/Interview/7812/team-dignitas-featured-streamer-spotlight-kat-gunn|publisher=Team Dignitas|accessdate=21 Luanistyn 2015}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Yaya|Han}} | [[File:NYCC 2010 - Ame-Comi Wonder Woman (5076160319).jpg|80px]] | 20 Avril 1980 | | Craishteyder as kiaddeyder coamree, er ny haishbyney er ''[[Heroes of Cosplay]]'' liorish [[SyFy]] as er ''[[King of the Nerds]]'' liorish TBS. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>Middleton, Diana. (20 Jerrey Fouyir 2008). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160826055850/http://jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/102008/met_346416310.shtml The first-ever EXP Con drew devoted, costumed fans]". ''[[The Florida Times-Union]]''. Feddynit er 4 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref><ref>Tucker, Reed. (16 Jerrey Fouyir 2011). "[https://nypost.com/2011/10/16/girls-gone-geek/ Girls gone geek]". ''[[NY Post]]''. Feddynit er 4 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref><ref>Eves, Josué. (23 Mayrnt 2012). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091226/http://www.oem.com.mx/elsoldetijuana/notas/n2477030.htm Anuncian 'COMCOM!! 2012']", ''El Sol de Tijuana'', [[Organizacion Editorial Mexicana]]. Feddynit er 4 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref> |- | {{sortname|Liana|K|Liana Kerzner}} (Liana Kerzner) | [[File:Liana K at 2008 ComicCon cropped.jpg|80px]] | 10 Averil 1980 | | Co-oastee y chlaare cowag ''[[Ed's Night Party]]'', goll er enney son cloie karacteyryn scheimyn aitt ny far-skeealaght heanse. | Y Chanadey | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="Geek girls gone wild">{{cite web |url=http://www2.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/entertainment/story.html?id=d80a5430-a0f8-4f02-b7e1-31681a43b426 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427212851/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/entertainment/story.html?id=d80a5430-a0f8-4f02-b7e1-31681a43b426 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-04-27 |title=Geek girls gone wild |publisher=canada.com |accessdate=2011-10-03 }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Mari|Kotani}} | [[File:Mari Kotani at the Hugo Awards Ceremony 2017 at Worldcon in Helsinki.jpg|80px]] | 11 Jerrey Souree 1958 | | Cremeyder y far-skeealaght heanse. Y chied chloieder coamree recortyssit 'sy Çhapaan | Y Çhapaan | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: Mari Kotani, Pioneer of Japanese Cosplay - Origins|work=An Introduction to Japanese Subcultures|first=Toshiyuki|last=Ohwada|first2=Mari|last2=Kotani|url=https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/intro-to-japanese-subculture/0/steps/23609|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502163635/https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/intro-to-japanese-subculture/0/steps/23609|archivedate=2017-05-02|accessdate=2017-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|year=2004|first=Matthew|last=Thorn|chapter=Girls and Women Getting Out of Hand|title=Fanning the Flames: Fans and Consumer Culture in Contemporary Japan|editor-first=William W.|editor-last=Kelly|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=9780791460320|page=175}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Linda|Le}} ("Vampy") | [[File:Cosplay Shoot BTS 2.jpg|80px]] | 15 Nollick 1986 | | Cloieder coamree, craishteyder, ellyneyr, persoonid yn eddyr-voggyl. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://kotaku.com/5898240/the-very-best-in-cosplay-linda-le/ |title=The Very Best In Cosplay: Linda Le |publisher=Kotaku.com |date= |accessdate=2015-04-30 |archive-date=2014-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220173323/http://kotaku.com/5898240/the-very-best-in-cosplay-linda-le/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|AJ|Lee}} | [[File:AJ Lee WM Axxess 2014.jpg|80px]] | 19 Mayrnt 1987 | | [[Mraane ayns WWE|Ben-ghleckeyder WWE]] ta goll er enney son ceau coamraghyn gollrish karacteyryn y phop-chultoor. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson |first=Ben|date=1 Sauin 2011|url=http://www.officialplaystationmagazine.co.uk/2011/11/01/wwe-divas-mortal-kombat-kosplay/ |title=WWE Diva’s Mortal Kombat kosplay] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829091214/http://www.officialplaystationmagazine.co.uk/2011/11/01/wwe-divas-mortal-kombat-kosplay/ |archivedate=2012-08-29 |work=[[PlayStation Official Magazine (RU)|PlayStation Official Magazine]]|location=RU |accessdate=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Putri Nony|Lovyta}} | [[File:DVD3912.jpg|80px]] | 12 Luanistyn 1997 | | Cloieder, craishteyder, as kiaddeyder fassan Indoneeshagh ta bunnit ayns Jakarta. | Yn Indoneesh | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/lifestyle/2016/06/01/cosplay-yukitora-keiji-cepat-tenar-karena-kebiasaan-meniru-kostum-kostum-komik-ini|title=Cosplay - Yukitora Keiji Cepat Tenar Karena Kebiasaan Meniru Kostum-kostum Komik Ini|work=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|accessdate=2017-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/smcetak/belajar-bahasa-jepang-secara-otodidak/|title=Belajar Bahasa Jepang secara Otodidak|website=berita.suaramerdeka.com|language=Indoneeshish|accessdate=2017-03-06|archivedate=2017-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306211318/http://berita.suaramerdeka.com/smcetak/belajar-bahasa-jepang-secara-otodidak/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radarempoa.com/2016/07/yukitora-keiji-cosplayer-berprestasi-asal-ciputat.html|title=Yukitora Keiji: Cosplayer Cantik Asal Ciputat Tangsel yang Prestasinya Sampai ke Jepang|website=www.radarempoa.com|language=Indoneeshish|access-date=2017-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gameqq.net/cosplay/11984-lebih-dekat-dengan-yukitora-keiji|title=Lebih Dekat dengan Yukitora Keiji|website=GameQQ.net|language=Indoneeshish|accessdate=2017-03-06|archivedate=2017-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306212745/http://www.gameqq.net/cosplay/11984-lebih-dekat-dengan-yukitora-keiji}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lantaitulisan.com/2016/11/cosplay-bukan-sekedar-mengenakan-kostum.html|title=Cosplay, Bukan Sekedar Mengenakan Kostum Unik|website=Lantai Tulisan - Japan Portal|language=Indoneeshish|accessdate=2017-03-06|archivedate=2017-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307045128/http://www.lantaitulisan.com/2016/11/cosplay-bukan-sekedar-mengenakan-kostum.html}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Jay|Maynard}} | [[File:Tronguy.jpg|80px]] | 27 Jerrey Souree 1960 | | Claareyder co-earrooder as reagheyder corys Americaanagh ta goll er enney myr "Tron Guy" er son e choamrey [[Tron]] [[lectro-hoilshagh]]. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>James, Andrea. (18 Nollick 2010). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232622/http://boingboing.net/2010/12/18/tron-guy-on-open-sou.html TRON Guy on open source, DIY ethos, & plans for a suit sequel]". ''[[Boing Boing]]''. Feddynit er 3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref> |- | [[Morojo]] | | 20 Mean Souree 1904 | 20 Sauin 1964 | Kiaddeyder coamree, baanreydagh y far-skeealaght heanse, as soilsheyder earishlioaryn baanreydagh Americaanagh chroo ny chied choamraghyn ayns 1939 va ceaut ec [[feish far-skeealaght heanse]], as va ceaut lioree as liorish Forrest J Ackerman; "moir y chloie coamree" | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name="AshcraftPlunkett">{{cite book|title=Cosplay World|pages=6–11|first=Brian|last=Ashcraft|first2=Luke|last2=Plunkett|publisher=Prestel Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9783791349251}}</ref><ref name="Kyle">{{cite journal|url=http://www.jophan.org/mimosa/m29/kyle.htm |work=[[Mimosa (earishlioar)|Mimosa]] |first=David|last=Kyle|authorlink=David Kyle|title=Caravan to the Stars|number=29|date=Nollick 2002}}</ref><ref name="Culp">{{cite news|last=Culp|first=Jennifer|title=Meet the Woman Who Invented Cosplay|url=http://www.racked.com/2016/5/9/11451408/cosplay-inventor-morojo-myrtle-r-douglas|accessdate=11 Boaldyn 2016|newspaper=[[Vox Media#Racked|Racked]]|date=9 Boaldyn 2016|archivedate=2023-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024223516/https://www.racked.com/2016/5/9/11451408/cosplay-inventor-morojo-myrtle-r-douglas}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Olivia|Munn}} | [[File:Olivia Munn Leia.jpg|80px]] | 3 Jerrey Souree 1980 | | Ben-aghteyr, craishteyder, persoonid çhellveeish, as ughtar Americaanagh | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/its-true/olivia-munn-136192|title=Olivia Munn - It's True|accessdate= 2015-09-28|author= Daily Star|date= 2015-09-15|newspaper= [[Daily Star (Reeriaght Unnaneysit)|Daily Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/olivia-munn-may-have-given-first-look-at-psylocke-costume-for-x-men-apocalypse-137793/|title=Olivia Munn may have given first look at Psylocke Costume for X-Men:Apocalypse|accessdate= 2015-09-28|author=Dondi Tipples|date=2015-04-15|newspaper=[[The Christian Post]]}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Yuichiro|Nagashima}} ("Jienotsu") | | 2 Jerrey Souree 1984 | | Ellyneyr caggoil as breb-ghoarneyr | Y Çhapaan | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Manich|first=Neil|accessdate=30 Nollick 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126051214/http://www.headkicklegend.com/2010/12/30/1904547/dynamite-primer-shinya-aoki-vs-yuichiro-nagashima |archivedate=26 Jerrey Geuree 2012| url=http://www.headkicklegend.com/2010/12/30/1904547/dynamite-primer-shinya-aoki-vs-yuichiro-nagashima|title=Dynamite Primer: Shinya Aoki vs Yuichiro Nagashima| work=Head Kick Legend }}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Jessica|Nigri}} | [[File:Jessica Nigri as Juliet Starling standing (7350677084).jpg|80px]] | 5 Luanistyn 1989 | | Craishteyder moyllee as cloieder coamree, ta goll er enney son cloie Juliet Starling voish y ghamman-feeshan ''[[Lollipop Chainsaw]]''. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Jessica Nigri is back to promote Suda's Killer is Dead|url=http://www.gamezone.com/news/2013/04/26/jessica-nigri-is-back-to-promote-suda-s-killer-is-dead|publisher=GameZone|accessdate=5 Boaldyn 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/jessica-nigri-cosplay-queen/|title=Jessica Nigri Cosplay Queen|date=2017-08-01|work=Cosplay News Network|access-date=2018-10-10|language=Baarle|accessdate=2022-12-10|archivedate=2022-12-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210150703/https://cosplaynewsnetwork.com/jessica-nigri-cosplay-queen/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Liz|Katz}} | | 8 Jerrey Souree 1988 | | Craishteyder, ben-aghteyr, cloieder coamree. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/liz-katz-cosplay/|title=21 Crazy Liz Katz Cosplays|date=2017-07-04|work=Cosplay News Network|accessdate=2019-04-23|language=Baarle|archivedate=2019-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425040742/http://www.cosplaynewsnetwork.com/liz-katz-cosplay/}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Myrtle|Sarrosa}} | | 7 Nollick 1994 | | Arraneyder as ben-aghteyr; cosneyder ''[[Pinoy Big Brother: Teen Edition 4]]''. | Ny h-Ellanyn Philippeenagh | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>Jarloc, Glaiza. (8 Jerrey Souree 2012). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20221210150700/https://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-news/2012/07/08/myrtle-sarrosa-wins-pbb-teen-edition-4-230797 Myrtle Sarrosa wins PBB Teen Edition 4]". SunStar. Feddynit er 3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013.</ref> |- | {{sortname|Brinke|Stevens}} | [[File:Brinke stevens in 2005.JPG|80px]] | 20 Mean Fouyir 1954 | | Craishteyder, ben-aghteyr, as rein ny screeaghyn. Y chied chosneyder jeh'n Masquerade Ball ec [[San Diego Comic-Con]]. | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{cite book|title=Assault of the Killer B's|first=Jason Paul|last=Collum|year=2004|isbn=9780786480418|publisher=McFarland|page=24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://theggtmc.blogspot.co.uk/2012/04/brinke-stevens-interview.html|date=28 Averil 2012|title=The Brinke Stevens Interview|first=Justin|last=Bozung|first2=Brinke|last2=Stevens|work=The Gentleman's Blog to Midnight Cinema|accessdate=2017-04-20}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Tanya|Tate}} | [[File:Tanya Tate - Invisible Woman.jpg|80px]] | 31 Mayrnt 1979 | | [[Craishteyder drualtagh]], screeudeyr, as [[aghteyr pornograafagh|ben-aghteyr pornograafagh]] Sostynagh. | Y Reeriaght Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=INGInterview>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Stephen|title=Tanya Tate: Cosplayer Extraordinaire|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/06/06/tanya-tate-cosplayer-extraordinaire|publisher=ING|accessdate=11 Toshiaght Arree 2014}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Meg|Turney}} | [[File:Fan Expo 2015 - Velvet (21776644281).jpg|80px]] | 12 Mayrnt 1987 | | Persoonid yn eddyr-voggyl as earisheyr gammanyn-feeshan | Ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|author=Kevin Kelly|url=http://www.wizardworlddigital.com/megabit-brings-gives-a-whole-new-meaning-to-sexy-cosplay.html|title=MEGABIT Brings Gives A Whole New Meaning To Sexy Cosplay|publisher=Wizard World Digital|date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2013|accessdate=29 Mean Fouyir 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719142656/http://www.wizardworlddigital.com/megabit-brings-gives-a-whole-new-meaning-to-sexy-cosplay.html|archivedate=19 Jerrey Souree 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | {{sortname|Yuriko|Tiger}} | [[File:Yuriko Tiger as Junko Enoshima at Etna Comics 20140606.jpg|80px]] | 5 Jerrey Souree 1993 | | Craishteyder, ben-aghteyr, as ben-aghteyr goo. | Yn Iddaal | style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=jt2019>{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2019/02/03/our-lives/fan-idol-yuriko-tigers-journey-colorful-one/|title=From cosplay fan to idol, Yuriko Tiger's journey has been a colorful one|work=[[The Japan Times]]|first=Gianni|last=Simone|date=2019-02-03|accessdate=1 Averil 2019}}</ref> |} ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Ronney:Cloiederyn coamree| ]] [[Ronney:Rollaghyn deiney rere roortys|Cloiederyn coamree]] j0rh289skqlacm8258d1jrf9x5g2dnw Georgia Salpa 0 27311 393581 374249 2026-09-25T00:56:10Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym = Georgia Salpa Penna | boayl_ruggyr = [[Yn Atheen]], y Ghreag | yrjid = {{yrjid|m=1.73}} | trimmid = {{trimmid|kg=51}} | towshan = 32C-24-34 }} She [[craishteyder drualtagh]] Greagagh-Yernagh ee '''Georgia Salpa Penna''' ({{lang-el|Γεωργία Σάλπα}}; ruggit er 14 Boaldyn 1985).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/woman/is-georgia-salpa-engaged-to-her-millionaire-businessman-boyfriend-29835167.html|title=Is Georgia Salpa engaged to her millionaire businessman boyfriend?|work=[[Irish Independent]]|accessdate=5 Mean Fouyir 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/georgia-salpa|title=Cover Girls: Georgia Salpa|publisher=FHM|accessdate=5 Mean Fouyir 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112063115/http://www.fhm.com/girls/covergirls/georgia-salpa|archivedate=12 Jerrey Geuree 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==Bea phersoonagh== Va Georgia Salpa ruggit 'syn [[Yn Atheen|Atheen]] lesh moir Yernagh as ayr Greagagh. Tra va Salpa queig bleeaney d'eash, ren e lught thie arraghey dys [[Divlyn]] raad v'ee troggit 'sy fo-valley [[Cill Iníon Léinín]].<ref name=irishexam>{{cite news|last=Fennell|first=Hilary|title=This much I know: Georgia Salpa|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/weekend/features/this-much-i-know-georgia-salpa-176557.html|accessdate=28 Mean Souree 2012|newspaper=Irish Examiner|date=10 Nollick 2011|archivedate=2012-06-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622133414/http://www.irishexaminer.com/weekend/features/this-much-i-know-georgia-salpa-176557.html}}</ref> Ayns Mayrnt 2014, haink er Salpa dy ve naishtit rish y villiooneyr as y delleyder Goaldagh Joe Penna,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/woman/celeb-news/georgia-salpa-wants-a-long-engagement-to-her-millionaire-businessman-beau-30106508.html|title=Georgia Salpa wants a 'long engagement' to her millionaire businessman|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=23 Mayrnt 2014}}</ref> as v'ad poost ry-cheilley ayns [[Portofino]], yn Iddaal, ayns Boaldyn 2015.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.evoke.ie/showbiz/georgia-salpa-wedding-first-photos/ | work= evoke.ie | title= It was a fairytale' gushes Georgia Salpa as she reveals first pic of Italian wedding | date= 1 Mean Souree 2015 | accessdate= 2 Mean Souree 2015 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20171021221311/https://evoke.ie/showbiz/georgia-salpa-wedding-first-photos | archivedate= 21 Jerrey Fouyir 2017 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.evoke.ie/showbiz/georgia-salpa-honeymoon-pics-joe-penna-beach/ | work= evoke.ie | title= The honeymoon is over! Georgia Salpa shows off snaps from paradise | date= 18 Mean Souree 2015 | accessdate= 18 Mean Souree 2015 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160528192948/http://evoke.ie/showbiz/georgia-salpa-honeymoon-pics-joe-penna-beach | archivedate= 28 Boaldyn 2016 | url-status= dead }}</ref> Ta troor dy chloan oc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://evoke.ie/2018/04/15/showbiz/gossip/georgia-penna-daughter-surrogate|title=It's a girl! Georgia Penna welcomes third child|last=|first=|date=15 Averil 2018|work=evoke.ie|url-status=live|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=}}</ref> ==Coorse bea== Hoshee Salpa craishtey roish my daag ee yn ard-scoill,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/woman/fashion/georgia-on-my-mind-26753519.html|title=Georgia on my mind|publisher=Independent News & Media|work=Independent Woman|date=1 Nollick 2012}}</ref> as t'ee er n'yannoo staartaghyn craishtee er son clouyn eigsoylagh.<ref name=independent>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/independent-woman/celebrity-news-gossip/how-a-shy-greek-girl-became-an-irish-phenomenon-2288992.html|title=How a shy Greek girl became an Irish phenomenon|date=8 Luanistyn 2010|accessdate=8 Jerrey Geuree 2012|work=Sunday Independent|publisher=Independent News & Media}}</ref> T'ee er ny ve fakinit er y çhellveeish ayns claareeyn lheid as ''[[The Podge and Rodge Show]]'', ''[[Republic of Telly]]'', ''Celebrity Salon'', as ''Catwalk to Kilimanjaro''. Ny s'anmey, darree Salpa dys [[Yn Vretyn Vooar|y Vretyn Vooar]], as ghow ee ayrn ayns imbagh 2012 y chlaare rieughagh ''[[Celebrity Big Brother (straih hellveeish Ghoaldagh)|Celebrity Big Brother]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/16444336|title=Celebrities go into Big Brother house|date=6 Jerrey Geuree 2012|accessdate=9 Jerrey Geuree 2012|work=BBC News|archivedate=2012-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110070749/http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/16444336}}</ref> raad v'ee ny trass cumraag shamyr ve ceaut magh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/showbiz/salpa-evicted-from-celebrity-big-brother-536454.html|title=Salpa evicted from 'Celebrity Big Brother'|date=18 Jerrey Geuree 2012|publisher=Breakingnews.ie}}</ref> 'Sy vlein cheddin, va Salpa currit stiagh 'sy wheiggoo ynnyd ayns reihys [[FHM's 100 Sexiest Women (RU)|"100 sexiest women"]] liorish [[FHM]], as v'ee ry-akin dy mennick er coodee ny lhiegganyn Frangagh, Sheckagh, as Indoneeshagh,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tv3.ie/entertainment_article.php?locID=1.803.844.870&article=128104|title=Showbiz roundup|work=[[TV3 (Nerin)|TV3]]|accessdate=23 Mayrnt 2014}}</ref> as myr "caillin coodee" er son cur magh "100 sexiest women" ayns 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.ie/celebrity-gossip/Georgia-Salpa-is-the-face-of-this-years-FHM-100-Sexiest-Women-poll/165369.htm|publisher=Entertainment.ie|title=Georgia Salpa is the face of this year's FHM 100 Sexiest Women poll|date=7 Toshiaght Arree 2013}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category|Georgia Salpa}} * {{IMDb name|3893193|Georgia Salpa}} * {{Twitter}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Salpa, Georgia}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1985]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn an-ghraagh bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Greagee jeh sluight Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Yernee jeh sluight Greagagh]] [[Ronney:Commee ayns straihyn çhellveeish rieughid Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass yn Atheen]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Divlyn]] 1c81eue0ruiewf6hw9suhzgcyp2v00n Skeddan jiarg 0 27966 393601 324642 2026-09-25T02:28:29Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Bee |fo-heidyl = Skeddan jiarg}} Ta '''skeddan jiarg''' çheet er [[skeddan]] slane, [[eeast ooillagh]]<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition |title = What's an oily fish? |date = 24 Mean Souree 2004 |publisher = [[Food Standards Agency]] |accessdate = 29 Boaldyn 2009 |archivedate = 10 Nollick 2010 |archiveurl = http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101210005807/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishdefinition |url-status = dead }}</ref> veg, t'er ny ve skeilt voish y chione dys y famman sheese y dreeym drommey, as t'er ny ve scoltit, sailjit ny [[piggylaghey|piggylit]], as [[Jaaghey (coagyraght)|feayr-yaaghit]] erskyn speiltyn smoghaney ([[darragh (billey)|fuygh darree]] son y chooid smoo). Ayns [[Mannin]], v'ad eeit dy mennick, gollrish [[scarrag]], car y [[jinnair beg]] ny myr taitnys [[shibbyr]] marish [[arran]] as [[eeym]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.gov.im/media/1348476/story-to-isle-of-man-food-drink-leaflet.pdf |format=PDF | title = The Story of Isle of Man Food & Drink | accessdate = 8 Toshiaght Arree 2023 | publisher = [[Rheynn Çhymmyltaght, Bee as Eirinys (Mannin)|Rheynn Çhymmyltaght, Bee as Eirinys]] | date = 2014}}</ref> 'Sy [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]], ayns [[Nerin]], as ayns ardjyn eigsoylagh ayns [[America Hwoaie]], ta skeddanyn jiargey eeit myr [[anjeeal]]. ==Daaghey== [[Coadan:Red herring.jpg|thumb|left|Skeddan jiarg Albinagh ta sailjit as daaghit son daah jiarg y chur rish feill yn eeast]] Ta lhiassaghey trome ry-laccal dy yannoo skeddan feer yiarg.<ref>{{cite web | author=Quinion, Michael | authorlink=Michael Quinion | year=2002| title=The Lure of the Red Herring | work=WorldWideWords | url=http://www.worldwidewords.org/articles/herring.htm | accessdate=21 Averil 2007}}</ref> Ansherbee, car y [[Yn Chied Chaggey Dowanagh|Chied Chaggey Dowanagh]], chur ad stiagh daaghey myr towse tarmaynagh er yn oyr dy row yn obbraghey lhiassee roud. Chur yn daaghey rish creck tappee as aashagh ny skeddanyn jiargey er vondeish vooar. Hoshiaght, chur ad daah terr geayil va enmyssit [[Brown FK]]. Jiu, ta'n chooid smoo jeh skeddanyn jiargey daahit liorish sollan as daah [[annatto]] najooragh. Ta slattys y Voodeeys Oarpagh cur cagliagh er goaill stiagh cooie laaoil Brown FK da 0.15&nbsp;mg/kg. Agh, cha nel skeddanyn jiargey ta gientit ayns Mannin as Nalbin daahit; ta traa yn jaaghey sheeynt magh 'sy vod tradishoonagh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deliaonline.com/ingredients/ingredients-a-z/Ingredients-j-l/Kippers.html |title=Kippers |accessdate=2 Mayrnt 2016}}</ref> ==Aarlaghey== [[Coadan:Kippers at Burton Bradstock.jpg|right|thumb|Skeddanyn jiargey da'n anjeeal ayns Sostyn]] Lhissagh eeastyn "feayr-yaaghit" nagh row sailjit ve aarlit rere coagyraght roish my vel ad eeit dy sauçhey (rere broiagh, freeghey, greddey, ny rostey, myr sampleyr). Dy cadjin, share eeastyn ooillagh da jaaghey er-yn-oyr dy vel y çhiass skeaylt dy corrym liorish yn ooill, as cha nel feill yn eeast lhiannaghey myr t'eh lhiannaghey ayns eeastyn çhirmey. ==Çhynskyl ny skeddanyn jiargey== S'foddey shennaghys lhiassee ny skeddanyn jiargey ayns Mannin. Ga nagh vel fys ain er bun yn obbraghey lhiassee, t'eh er ve fakinit er yn ellan voish ny 1870yn. Voish shen, ta skeddanyn jiargey Manninagh er ny ve jaaghit ayns troggalyn er feie'n ellan. She Moore's of Peel (bunnit ayns 1882) as Devereau and Son (bunnit ayns 1884) ayns [[Purt ny h-Inshey]] ny mwyljyn lhiassee smoo er yn ellan.<ref name = "BBC-1" /> Ta'n Moore's soit rish [[Yn Neb|y Neb]] as hooar ad nyn skeddanyn voish ny baataghyn 'sy phurt as ren ad lhiassaghey ny eeastyn cha tappee as v'eh lowit. Ren ny mraane giarrey ny smoo na 18 eeastyn dagh minnid. Eisht, va ny eeastyn baiht ayns sollan as currit er lattyn roish my row ad croghit ayns çhymleeyn mooarey son dy ve jaaghit. Jiu, ta skeddanyn jiargey Manninagh creckit er feie ny Cruinney.<ref name = "BBC-1">{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/isleofman/content/articles/2005/10/07/kippers_feature.shtml | title = Isle of Man | publisher = [[BBC]] | accessdate = 9 Boaldyn 2012 | archive-date = 2009-02-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090224204316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/isleofman/content/articles/2005/10/07/kippers_feature.shtml | url-status = dead}}</ref> Va [[Mallaig]] coontit myr y phurt smoo tarrooagh 'syn Oarpey,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mallaigheritage.org.uk/exhibit/mallaig.htm |title=Mallaig and its story |publisher=Mallaig Heritage Centre |accessdate=9 Jerrey Geuree 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704112754/http://www.mallaigheritage.org.uk/exhibit/mallaig.htm |archivedate= 4 Jerrey Souree 2008 }}</ref> as ta ard-ghoo er son e skeddanyn jiargey ta jaaghit dy tradishoonagh, chammah as skeddanyn jiargey [[Steornavaie]] as [[Loch Fìne]]. Ta ard-ghoo er y valley beg [[Craster]] ayns [[Northumberland]] chammah er son e [[skeddanyn jiargey Craster]], ta lhiassit 'sy thie jaagh ynnydagh, creckit ayns shapp y valley beg, as creckit er feie ny Cruinney. == Imraaghyn == {{rolleyimraaghyn}} == Kianglaghyn magh== {{commonscat|Kippers|Skeddanyn jiargey}} * [http://www.iomguide.com/kippers.php Isle of Man Kipper Museum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210323175849/http://www.ukfoodguide.net/e154.htm E154 Brown FK] [[Ronney:Coagyraght Vanninagh]] [[Ronney:Coagyraght Hapaanagh]] [[Ronney:Eeastyn çhirmit]] [[Ronney:Lhiassaghey bee]] [[Ronney:Obbraghey eeastyn]] [[Ronney:Eeastyn ooillagh]] [[Ronney:Eeastyn jaaghit]] [[Ronney:Shibbyr]] [[Ronney:Anjeeal]] [[Ronney:Beeghyn marrey Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Coagyraght Yernagh]] [[Ronney:Coagyraght America Hwoaie]] dgdhwtcmfmc3zwvpadfa1zm7nb0u98j Lauren London 0 27993 393585 377156 2026-09-25T01:24:40Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Lauren London.jpg | fo-heidyl = Lauren London 'sy vlein 2007 | ennym_ruggyr = Lauren Nicole London | boayl_ruggyr = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit | craueeaght = [[Yn Ewaghys]] | yrjid = {{yrjid|m=1.57}} }} She ben-aghteyr as craishteyder Americaanagh ee '''Lauren Nicole London'''<ref name=tvg>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lauren-london/bio/279412/|title=Lauren London|publisher=[[TV Guide|TVGuide.com]]|accessdate=3 Averil 2019|archive-date=2018-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619025131/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lauren-london/bio/279412/|url-status=dead}}</ref> (ruggit er 5 Nollick 1984). Ta enney share er London son e paartyn ayns filmyn as claareeyn çhellveeish lheid as ''[[ATL (fillym)|ATL]]'' (2006), [[This Christmas (fillym 2007)|''This Christmas'']] (2007), ''[[Madea's Big Happy Family (fillym)|Madea’s Big Happy Family]]'' (2011), ''[[Baggage Claim (fillym)|Baggage Claim]]'' (2013), ''[[The Game (straih hellveeish Americaanagh)|The Game]]'' (2013-2015), ''[[Games People Play (straih hellveeish 2019)|Games People Play]]'' (2019), as ''[[Without Remorse (fillym)|Without Remorse]]'' (2021). Ayns 2022, ren London as [[Puma (cowrey)|PUMA]] co-obbraghey ry-cheilley er y çhalee L.A Love Story. Ta çhaglym cullee coshey as [[eaddeeyn]] geddyn ard-smooinaght voish e balley dooghyssagh, [[Los Angeles]]. Ta meeryn taishbyney e eear-vyrneen [[Nipsey Hussle]], hooar baase rere lhott gunney er 31 Mayrnt 2019 ayns Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-11 |title=Lauren London Imbues Los Angeles Nostalgia Into Her Puma ‘L.A. Love Story’ Collection |url=https://footwearnews.com/2022/focus/collaborations/puma-lauren-london-la-love-story-release-info-1203368480/ |accessdate=2022-11-12 |website=Footwear News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-31 |title=How a Chance Reunion Led to Nipsey Hussle’s Death |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/nipsey-hussle-death-timeline-9347208/ |accessdate=2022-11-12 |website=Billboard}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category|Lauren London}} * {{Amg name|454479|Lauren London}} * {{IMDb name|id=1988575|name=Lauren London}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:London, Lauren}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1984]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn Ewagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn Affro-Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn ass California [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn fassan bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn fassan ass California]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Ewagh]] [[Ronney:Ewnyn Affro-Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ewnyn Ashkenazagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Los Angeles]] 877wcsw0hij1mz9sep9egw25tlxian0 Rita Coolidge 0 28001 393595 344666 2026-09-25T02:14:46Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Lafayette, Tennessee|Lafayette]], [[Tennessee]], SUA }} She ellyneyr recortyssee Americaanagh ee '''Rita Coolidge''' (ruggit er 1 Boaldyn 1945). Car ny 1970yn as ny 1980yn, va ny h-arraneyn eck er kaartyn [[pop-chiaull]], [[kiaull çheerey]], [[kiaull co-emshiragh aasit]], as [[snag-chiaull]] jeh'n earishlioar ''[[Billboard (earishlioar)|Billboard]]'',<ref name=allmusic.com>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/rita-coolidge-p3961/biography|title=Rita Coolidge - Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography - AllMusic|first=Steve|last=Huey|work=AllMusic}}</ref> as chossyn ee daa [[Aundyr Grammy]] marish e co-chiaulleyder as e fer sheshee [[Kris Kristofferson]].<ref name=:2>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/rita-coolidge|title=Rita Coolidge|website=Recording Academy Grammy Awards|date=19 Sauin 2019|access-date=2023-02-12|archive-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331203208/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/rita-coolidge|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta e recortyssyn goaill stiagh "[[(Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher]]," "[[We're All Alone]]", "[[I'd Rather Leave While I'm in Love]]", as y cooish-arrane da fillym [[James Bond]] ''[[Octopussy]]'' ayns 1983, "[[All Time High]]". ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|https://ritacoolidge.net/}} * [http://www.onamrecords.com/gallery/view/Rita%20Coolidge Rita Coolidge er A&M Records] * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0128995 Jysk-oaylleeaght ny recortyssyn er IMDb] {{DEFAULTSORT:Coolidge, Rita}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1945]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn A&M Records]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn arrane bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn kiaull çheerey bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn pop-chiaull bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Attic Records (y Chanadey)]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Concord Records]] [[Ronney:Olteynyn Delaney & Bonnie & Friends]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Monument Records]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn ass Florida]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Jacksonville, Florida]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Lafayette, Tennessee]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Nashville, Tennessee]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Tennessee]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn ass Tennessee]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass Florida]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn ass Florida]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Fallbrook, California]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn ass Tennessee]] [[Ronney:Feallee VH1]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn ass California]] hmv09w694rfqbdgcsejq3d69ruf4ni4 Sophia Bush 0 28162 393603 371160 2026-09-25T02:30:00Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Collision 2017 - Sophia Bush 06 (cropped).jpg | fo-heidyl = Sophia Bush 'sy vlein 2017 | ennym_ruggyr = Sophia Anna Bush | boayl_ruggyr = [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]], SUA | bleeantyngobbyr = 2001–jiu }} She ben-aghteyr as sheerloayreyder Americaanagh ee '''Sophia Anna Bush Hughes''' (ruggit er 8 Jerrey Souree 1982).<ref name="TV Guide biography">{{cite web|title=Sophia Bush|work=[[TV Guide]]|accessdate=8 Mayrnt 2014|url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/sophia-bush/bio/190948|archive-date=2014-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309053535/http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/sophia-bush/bio/190948|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chloie ee Brooke Davis 'sy straih drama ''[[One Tree Hill (straih hellveeish)|One Tree Hill]]'' (2003–2012) liorish [[The WB]]/[[The CW|CW]], as Erin Lindsay 'sy straih drama poleen ''[[Chicago P.D. (straih hellveeish)|Chicago P.D.]]'' (2014–2017) liorish [[NBC]]. She gienteyder as roltag 'sy phaart toshee, Dr. Samantha "Sam" Griffith, v'ee 'sy drama lheihys ''[[Good Sam (straih hellveeish)|Good Sam]]'' (2022). Ta Bush er ny chloie ayns filmyn chammah, goaill stiagh ''[[John Tucker Must Die]]'' (2006), ''[[The Hitcher (fillym 2007)|The Hitcher]]'' (2007), ''[[The Narrows (fillym)|The Narrows]]'' (2008), ''[[Chalet Girl]]'' (2011), ''[[Marshall (fillym)|Marshall]]'' (2017), ''[[Acts of Violence]]'' (2018), as ''[[Incredibles 2]]'' (2018). Ta enney mie urree chammah son e obbyr vialagh as e sheerloayreydys sheshoil, goaill stiagh son y ghleashaght [[Time's Up (reagheydys)|Time's Up]] as [[DoSomething.org]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category}} * {{Twitter}} * {{Instagram}} * {{IMDb name}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, Sophia}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1982]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn ass California]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Pasadena, California]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass California]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Iddaalagh]] [[Ronney:Co-streeuderyn tostyl aalid Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn Americaanagh er son cairyn LADT]] 757b2tvetn6lij099o0f5iqyh1hhtpo 1926 0 28460 393568 320578 2026-09-24T23:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393568 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align=right cellpadding=3 class="toccolours" style="margin-left: 15px;" |- | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Blein]]:'''</small><br /> [[1923]] [[1924]] [[1925]] - '''1926 (MCMXXVI)''' - [[1927]] [[1928]] [[1929]] |} == Taghyrtyn == * [[26 Jerrey Geuree]] &ndash; Haishbyn yn ynlaghteyr Albinagh [[John Logie Baird]] çhellooishan obbrinagh ec e heyrlann ayns Lunnin roish olteynyn y [[Royal Institution]] as naighteyr voish ''[[The Times]]''. * [[25 Toshiaght Arree]] &ndash; Va [[Francisco Franco]] jeant ny Ghineraal 'sy Spaainey. * [[12 Boaldyn]] &ndash; Dettyl [[Roald Amundsen]] as e skimmee harrish [[Ard y Twoaie]] 'sy lhong aer ''[[Norge (lhong aer)|Norge]]''. == Ruggyryn == * [[2 Toshiaght Arree]] &ndash; [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]], [[Eaghtyrane y Rank]] (b. [[2020]]) * [[9 Toshiaght Arree]] &ndash; [[Garret FitzGerald]], leighder as politickeyr Yernagh, 7oo [[Taoiseach|Taoiseach Nerin]] (b. [[2011]]) * [[11 Toshiaght Arree]] &ndash; [[Leslie Nielsen]], aghteyr Canadagh-Americaanagh (b. [[2010]]) * [[6 Averil]] &ndash; [[Ian Paisley]], politickeyr Yernagh Hwoaie (b. [[2014]]) * [[21 Averil]] &ndash; Benrein [[Ealisaid II y Reeriaght Unnaneysit]] (b. [[2022]]) * [[8 Boaldyn]] &ndash; Y Reejerey [[David Attenborough]], scaalheaneyder, najooragh, as gienteyder Goaldagh * [[1 Mean Souree]] &ndash; [[Marilyn Monroe]], ben-aghteyr Americaanagh (b. [[1962]]) * [[13 Luanistyn]] &ndash; [[Fidel Castro]], irreyder magh as politickeyr Coobagh (b. [[2016]]) * [[17 Jerrey Fouyir]] &ndash; [[Julie Adams]], ben-aghteyr Americaanagh (b. [[2019]]) == Baaseyn == * [[10 Mean Souree]] &ndash; [[Antoni Gaudí]], ard-obbree Spaainagh (r. [[1852]]) * [[23 Mean Souree]] &ndash; [[Jón Magnússon]], politickeyr Eeslynnagh, 1d [[Ard-vinishter yn Eeslynn]] (r. [[1857]]) * [[5 Nollick]] &ndash; [[Claude Monet]], peinteyr Frangagh (r. [[1840]]) ==Aundyryn Nobel== * [[Aundyr Nobel 'sy Fishig|Fishig]] &ndash; [[Jean Baptiste Perrin]] * [[Aundyr Nobel 'sy Chemmig|Kemmig]] &ndash; [[Theodor Svedberg]] * [[Aundyr Nobel 'sy Fyshoaylleeaght ny Lheeys|Fyshoaylleeaght ny Lheeys]] &ndash; [[Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger]]<ref>{{cite web |title = These Nobel Prize Winners Weren't Always Noble |url = https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/10/151005-nobel-laureates-forget-racist-sexist-science/ |website = National Geographic News |accessdate = 19 Jerrey Geuree 2021 |language = Baarle |date = 6 Jerrey Fouyir 2015 |archive-date = 2020-08-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200808155045/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/10/151005-nobel-laureates-forget-racist-sexist-science/ |url-status = dead }}</ref> * [[Aundyr Nobel 'sy Lettyraght|Lettyraght]] &ndash; [[Grazia Deledda]] * [[Aundyr Nobel y Çhee|Shee]] &ndash; [[Aristide Briand]], [[Gustav Stresemann]] ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} [[Ronney:1926| ]] syfhgaajb9x74ur5pwg9avh8qdo32ur Rufus Sewell 0 28722 393599 346033 2026-09-25T02:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Hammersmith]], [[Lunnin]], Sostyn | bleeantyngobbyr = 1991–jiu }} She aghteyr Goaldagh eh '''Rufus Frederik Sewell''' (ruggit er 29 Jerrey Fouyir 1967). 'Sy scannaneaght, ta enney er er son e phaartyn ayns ''[[Carrington (scannane)|Carrington]]'' (1995), ''[[Hamlet (scannane 1996)|Hamlet]]'' (1996), ''[[Dangerous Beauty]]'' (1998), ''[[Dark City (scannane 1998)|Dark City]]'' (1998), ''[[A Knight's Tale]]'' (2001), ''[[The Legend of Zorro]]'' (2005), ''[[The Illusionist (scannane 2006)|The Illusionist]]'' (2006), ''[[Amazing Grace (scannane 2006)|Amazing Grace]]'' (2006), ''[[The Holiday]]'' (2006), ''[[Paris, je t'aime]]'' (2006), ''[[The Tourist (scannane 2010)|The Tourist]]'' (2010), ''[[Judy (scannane)|Judy]]'' (2019), ''[[The Father (scannane 2020)|The Father]]'' (2020), as ''[[Old (scannane)|Old]]'' (2021). Er y çhellveeish, t'eh er ny chloie ayns ''[[Middlemarch]]'' (1994), ''[[Arabian Nights (myn-straih)|Arabian Nights]]'' (2000), ''[[Charles II: The Power and the Passion]]'' (2003), ''[[John Adams (myn-straih)|John Adams]]'' (2008), ''[[Eleventh Hour (straih hellveeish Americaanagh)|Eleventh Hour]]'' (2008–2009), ''[[Zen (straih hellveeish)|Zen]]'' (2011), ''[[The Pillars of the Earth (myn-straih)|The Pillars of the Earth]]'' (2010), ''[[Parade's End (straih hellveeish)|Parade's End]]'' (2012), ''[[Victoria (straih hellveeish Ghoaldagh)|Victoria]]'' (2016–2017), ''[[The Man in the High Castle (straih hellveeish)|The Man in the High Castle]]'' (2014–2019), as ''[[The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel]]'' (2019).<ref name="Rufus Sewell biography.">[http://www.cbs.com/primetime/eleventh_hour/bio/rufus_sewell/bio.php "Rufus Sewell biography."] CBS.com.</ref> Ayns 2020, va paart mooar echey chammah ayns aachummey çhellveeish [[Agatha Christie]] ''[[The Pale Horse (straih hellveeish 2020)|The Pale Horse]]''. Ayns 2023, chloie eh 'sy straih Netflix ''[[The Diplomat (straih hellveeish Americaanagh)| The Diplomat]]''. Er yn ardan, vunnee eh paart Septimus Hodge ayns ''[[Arcadia (cloie)|Arcadia]]'' as paart Jan ayns ''[[Rock 'n' Roll (cloie)|Rock 'n' Roll]]'', y daa jeu liorish [[Tom Stoppard]]. Kyndagh rish e phaart 'sy chloie shen jerrinagh, chossyn eh [[Aundyryn Laurence Olivier|Aundyr Olivier]] as hooar eh enmyssaght er son [[Aundyr Tony]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category|Rufus Sewell}} *{{Twitter|FredrikSewell}} *{{IMDb name|1722}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170808100853/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba9fc1e3d Rufus Sewell] ec y [[British Film Institute]] {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sewell, Rufus}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1967]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Lunnin]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ardan firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Sostynee jeh sluight Austrailagh]] [[Ronney:Sostynee jeh sluight Bretnagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Twickenham]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Hammersmith]] [[Ronney:Çhyndaaderyn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Çhyndaaderyn Bretnish–Baarle]] [[Ronney:Blinky Bill]] c752njuty49y07ocz2r4w5ts7cj0dzd Calvin Harris 0 29179 393577 346791 2026-09-25T00:16:12Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym_ruggyr = Adam Richard Wiles | boayl_ruggyr = [[Dùn Phris]], Nalbin | bleeantyngobbyr = 2002–jiu }} She markiagh jysk, gienteyder recortys, arraneyder, as screeudeyr arrane Albinagh eh '''Adam Richard Wiles''' (ruggit er 17 Jerrey Geuree 1984), ta ny share ennit myr '''Calvin Harris'''. Va e chied albym seyrlann, ''[[I Created Disco]]'', skeaylt magh ayns Mean Souree 2007. Ren ny singylyn "[[Acceptable in the 80s]]" as "[[The Girls (arrane Calvin Harris)|The Girls]]" voish yn albym shen roshtyn y jeih arrane s'yrjey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ayns 2009, skeayl eh e nah albym seyrlann magh, ''[[Ready for the Weekend (albym)|Ready for the Weekend]]'', ren roshtyn earroo nane er [[Kaart Albymyn yn RU]] as haink y singyl toshee ayn, "[[I'm Not Alone (arrane)|I'm Not Alone]]", dy ve ny chied arrane roshtyn baare [[Kaart Singylyn yn RU]]. Ayns 2012, dirree Harris gys ardjid eddyrashoonagh lesh skeaylley magh e hrass albym seyrlann, ''[[18 Months]]'', ren roshtyn baare Chaart Albymyn yn RU as haink dy ve ny chied albym echey goll stiagh 'sy chaart Americaanagh [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]], raad haink eh stiagh ayns earroo 19. Ren dagh singyl mastey ny hoght singylyn 'syn albym shen roshtyn y jeih arrane s'yrjey 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ayns 2014, skeayl eh magh e chiarroo albym seyrlann, ''[[Motion (albym Calvin Harris)|Motion]]'', ren roshtyn earroo jees 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as earroo queig ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit. Ayns 2017, skeayl eh magh e wheiggoo albym seyrlann, ''[[Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1]]'', ren roshtyn earroo jees 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit as ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as haink dy ve ny hrass albym eiyrtyssagh 'sy chied ynnyd er y chaart Americaanagh [[Dance/Electronic Albums]]. Ta'n sheyoo albym seyrlann echey ''[[Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 2]]'' (2022) gobbraghey myr albym eiyrtyssagh da'n skeaylley magh roie roish shen as haink eh stiagh ec earroo queig 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit. Ayns Jerrey Fouyir 2014, haink Harris dy ve ny chied ellyneyr lesh tree arrane echey mastey yn jeih arrane s'yrjey er y chaart [[Dance/Electronic Songs]] lesh ''[[Billboard (earishlioar)|Billboard]]'' ec y traa cheddin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6304284/calvin-harris-sets-dance-chart-records|title=Calvin Harris|magazine=Billboard|date=31 Jerrey Fouyir 2014|accessdate=14 Jerrey Souree 2015}}</ref> Chammah's shen, haink eh dy ve ny chied ellyneyr Goaldagh ny lomarcan dy roshtyn ny smoo na un villoon strooanyn er [[Spotify]].<ref name="spotify">{{cite web |url=http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/calvin-harris-s-billion-streams-on-spotify-are-worth-7-million/059527 |title=Calvin Harris's billion streams on Spotify are worth $7 million |work=Music Week |date=8 Mean Fouyir 2015 |accessdate=9 Mean Fouyir 2015}}</ref> Ta Harris er ny gheddyn 18 enmyssaghtyn da ny h-aundyryn [[Brit Awards]]. Chossyn eh yn aundyr da [[Aundyr Brit da Gienteyder Goaldagh y Vlein|Gienteyder Goaldagh y Vlein]] as da [[Aundyr Brit da Singyl Goaldagh y Vlein|Singyl Goaldagh y Vlein]] ayns 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-20|title=Calvin Harris and the 1975 lead winners at 2019 Brit awards|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/feb/20/brit-awards-winners-calvin-harris-the-1975-jorja-smith|accessdate=2021-04-09|website=The Guardian}}</ref> chammah as queig enmyssaghtyn Grammy, goaill stiagh barriaght da'n [[Aundyr Grammy da'n Eeshan Kiaullee Share|Eeshan Kiaullee Share]] ayns 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=Calvin Harris|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/calvin-harris/3679|accessdate=2021-04-09|website=GRAMMY.com|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518082233/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/calvin-harris/3679|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ayns 2013 hooar eh [[Aundyr Ivor Novello]], as v'eh enmyssit myr yn Ellyneyr Daunse/Lectraneagh Share ec [[Aundyryn Kiaull Billboard, 2015|Aundyryn Kiaull ''Billboard'' 2015]]. V'eh currit sheese er rolley [[Debrett's]] jeh ny deiney smoo cummaghtagh 'sy Reeriaght Unnaneysit ayns 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Debrett's 500 List: Music |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/debretts-500-list-music/ |archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/debretts-500-list-music/ |archivedate=11 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Telegraph |date=21 Jerrey Geuree 2017}}</ref> Haink eh magh ec baare rolley ''[[Forbes]]'' jeh ny markee jysk smoo eeckit 'sy theihll er feie shey bleeaney colhiantagh eddyr ny bleeantyn 2013 as 2018 derrey v'eh ceaut ass liorish [[the Chainsmokers]] ayns 2019. ==Imraaghyn== {{Rolleyimraaghyn}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category|Calvin Harris}} * {{Official website|calvinharris.com}} * {{IMDb name|2744713}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, Calvin}} [[Ronney:Calvin Harris| ]] [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1984]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Arraneyderyn firryn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn daunse Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn arrane firryn Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn arrane firryn Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn pop-chiaull cho-haahagh Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Columbia Records]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn house lectraneagh]] [[Ronney:Markee jysk y chiaull daunse lectraneagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn pop-chiaull lectraneagh]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Ministry of Sound]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn nu-disco]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Dùn Phris]] [[Ronney:Aa-vesteyderyn]] [[Ronney:Markee jysk Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Markee jysk Ghoaldagh]] [[Ronney:Eebyrtee Ghoaldagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn house Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Albinee jeh sluight Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Gienteyderyn recortys Albinagh]] [[Ronney:Gienteyderyn recortys Goaldagh]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn tracker]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn Ultra Records]] [[Ronney:Kiaulleyderyn pop-chiaull daunse]] is0za2v8yjzpzqxmappujtdis5ioxk0 Ellanragh Chonos 0 30478 393580 325924 2026-09-25T00:48:40Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393580 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Coadan:Archipielago de los Chonos.jpg|right|thumb|Ta Ellanragh Chonos ry-akin ec y vaare jeh'n jalloo as da'n jesh]] [[Coadan:Chonos.jpg|right|thumb|Ta '''Ellanragh Chonos''' taishbynit ayns doo-ghorrym, [[Ellanragh Guaitecas]] ayns bane-ghorrym, as [[Ellanragh Chiloé]] ayns jiarg]] {{coord|45.1333|S|73.95|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} She straih jeh ellanyn lhiurit, sleitoil, injil lesh baiaghyn dowin eh '''Ellanragh Chonos''' ({{lang-es|Archipiélago de Chonos}}). She remlad baiht jeh [[Reayn Slystagh y Çhillee]] t'ayn. Ta'n chooid smoo jeh ny h-ellanyn coodit liorish keylljyn gyn mooarane deiney. Ta [[Ammyr Moraleda]] scarrey ellanyn yn ellanragh veih çheer vooar y [[Yn Çhillee|Çhillee]] as veih [[Ellan Magdalena, Ard Aysén|Ellan Magdalena]]. T'ad [[Ellan Melchor]], [[Ellan Benjamin]], [[Ellan Traiguén]], [[Ellan Riveros]], [[Ellan Cuptana]], [[James Island, y Çhillee|Ellan James]], [[Ellan Victoria, y Çhillee|Ellan Victoria]], [[Ellan Simpson, y Çhillee|Ellan Simpson]], [[Ellan Level]], as [[Ellan Luz]] ny h-ellanyn smoo. Foddey magh 'sy Cheayn Sheealtagh ta [[Ellan Guamblin]] soit lesh [[Pairk Ashoonagh Isla Guamblin]]. Ta'n phairk ashoonagh coodaghey mysh 106&nbsp;km². Dy mennick, ta [[meeyl mooar gorrym|meeylyn mooarey gorrymey]] ry-akin ayn. Ta possanyn d'ellanyn currit stiagh ayns myn-ellanree, lheid as [[Ellanragh Guaitecas]]. Ta baljaght er lheh ec Ellanragh Guaitecas as ta'n ynrican balley 'syn ellanragh, [[Melinka]], soit ayn. Ta dagh ellan coontit myr ayrn jeh [[Ard Aysén]]. Va Ellanragh Chonos currit sheese er kaartyn car y 18oo as y 19oo eash liorish [[José de Moraleda y Montero]] (1793), [[Robert FitzRoy]] (1834), as [[Enrique Simpson]] (1870–71).<ref name=VasquezRicardo>{{cite journal |last=Vásquez Caballero |first1=Ricardo Felipe |title=Aau, el secreto de los chono |url=http://www.historianaval.cl/publico/publicacion_archivo/publicaciones/13_3.pdf |language=es |accessdate=24 Jerrey Geuree 2019}}</ref><ref>Simpson, E. (1874). ''Esploraciones hechas por la Corbeta Chacabuco al mando del capitán de fragata don Enrique M. Simpson en los Archipiélagos de Guaitecas, Chonos i Taitao''. [[Santiago]]. Imprenta Nacional.</ref> Ta'n chooid smoo jeh'n ellanragh coodit liorish keylljyn ''[[Pilgerodendron]]'' lesh [[lus chlooishag|lussyn clooishag]] lheid as ''[[Astelia pumila]]'', ''[[Donatia fascicularis]]'' as ''[[Oreobolus obtusangulus]]''.<ref name=LP192-194>Luebert & Pliscoff, pp. 192–195.</ref> S'rassanagh yn oirr heear jeh'n ellanragh, as ny rassyn mysh 2 veadar er yrjid, lheid as ''Pilgerondendron'' as ''[[Nothofagus nitida]]''. Mastey yn thalloo rassanagh shoh, foddee shiu çheet er moaneeyn as keylljyn.<ref name=LP208-209>Luebert & Pliscoff, dgn. 208–209.</ref> ==Jeeagh er neesht== * [[Rolley ellanyn y Çhillee]] ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ;Lioaryn *{{cite book |last=Luebert |first=Federico |last2=Pliscoff |first2=Patricio |date=2017|orig-year=2006 |title=Sinopsis bioclimática y vegetacional de Chile|edition=2nd |location=[[Santiago|Santiago de Chile]] |publisher=[[Editorial Universitaria]] |pages=381 |isbn=978-956-11-2575-9 |language=es }} ==Kianglaghyn magh== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130501035500/http://islands.unep.ch/CXE.htm Ellanyn y Çhillee ec Claare Çhymmyltaght ny h-Ashoonyn Unnaneysit] * [http://www.worldislandinfo.com/ Fysseree bentyn rish ellanyn y theihll ec WorldIslandInfo.com] * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Ellanragh Chonos| ]] [[Ronney:Ardjyn eggoaylleeagh y Çhillee]] [[Ronney:Ellanree yn Çhillee]] [[Ronney:Ellanyn Ard Aysén]] [[Ronney:Ellanree yn Cheayn Sheealtagh]] lw928x99xnj61x04xwmly30th76wuze Peter Sallis 0 30765 393591 346032 2026-09-25T01:59:01Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Peter Sallis.jpg | fo-heidyl = Sallis ayns Jerrey Fouyir 2008 | ennym_ruggyr = Peter John Sallis | date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|1921|2|1|df=y}} | boayl_ruggyr = [[Twickenham]], Sostyn | date_baaish = {{date as eash marroo|2017|6|2|1921|2|1|df=y}} | boayl_baaish = [[Denville Hall]], [[Lunnin]], Sostyn | bleeantyngobbyr = 1946&ndash;2015 | ennit = ''[[Wallace and Gromit]]'',<br /> ''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'' }} She aghteyr Sostynagh va '''Peter John Sallis''' (1 Toshiaght Arree 1921 – 2 Mean Souree 2017). Ta enney mooar er kyndagh rish yn obbyr ren eh er y çhellveeish Ghoaldagh. Chur eh e ghoo rish [[Wallace and Gromit#Wallace|Wallace]] ayns ny filmyn ''[[Wallace and Gromit]]'' as chloie eh [[Norman Clegg|Norman "Cleggy" Clegg]] ayns ''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'' veih'n toshiaght echey ayns 1973 derrey yn episode jerrinagh ayns 2010, yn ynrican aghteyr chloie ayns dagh fer jeh ny 295 episodeyn. Chammah's shen, chloie eh ayr Norman Clegg 'sy roie-straih ''[[First of the Summer Wine]]''. Mastey ny treishtyn çhellveeish echey, chloie Sallis ayns ''[[Danger Man]]'', ''[[The Avengers (straih hellveeish)|The Avengers]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'' ("[[The Ice Warriors]]"), ''[[The Persuaders!]]'' as ''[[The Ghosts of Motley Hall]]''. Ta cloiaghyn Sallis 'sy scannaneaght goaill stiagh ny filmyn atçhim [[Hammer Film Productions|Hammer]] ''[[The Curse of the Werewolf]]'' (1961) as ''[[Taste the Blood of Dracula]]'' (1970). Hooar Sallis baase veih [[cooishyn najooragh]] ec thie boandyrys [[Denville Hall]] ayns [[Northwood, Lunnin]], er 2 Mean Souree 2017, as eh 96 bleeaney d'eash.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-40165443 |title=Peter Sallis: Last of the Summer Wine actor dies aged 96 |publisher=BBC News |date=5 Mean Souree 2017 |accessdate=5 Mean Souree 2017}}</ref><ref name="variety">{{Cite news |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/people-news/peter-sallis-dead-dies-wallace-and-gromit-1202454203/ |title=Peter Sallis, Voice of Wallace in 'Wallace & Gromit' Films, Dies at 96 |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |accessdate=6 Mean Souree 2017 |work=[[Variety (earishlioar)|Variety]] |date=5 Mean Souree 2017}}</ref> V'eh oanluckit rish yn aghteyr elley veih ''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'', [[Bill Owen (aghteyr)|Bill Owen]] ayns Keeill Skeerey Yuan, [[Upperthong]], faggys da [[Holmfirth]] ayns Yorkshire, ynnyd balley yn sitcom.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.examiner.co.uk/news/west-yorkshire-news/last-summer-wine-star-peter-14103261 |title=Last of the Summer Wine star Peter Sallis is laid to rest next to co-star Bill Owen in Holmfirth |work=Huddersfield Examiner Group |date=2 Jerrey Geuree 2018 |accessdate=28 Boaldyn 2018}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160419224851/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9f3e777b Peter Sallis] ec y [[British Film Institute]] * {{IMDb name|0758608}} * {{cite web|url=https://en.kinorium.com/name/569294/|title=Peter Sallis}} ec Kinorium {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sallis, Peter}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1921]] [[Ronney:Baaseyn 'sy vlein 2017]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Twickenham]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn fillym firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn radio firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ardan firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn çhellveeish firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn gamman-feeshan firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn goo firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass Lunnin]] [[Ronney:Offishearyn Oardyr yn Impiraght Ghoaldagh]] [[Ronney:Skimmee yn Çhirveish Aer Reeoil 'sy Nah Chaggey Dowanagh]] [[Ronney:Eunysseyryn firryn Sostynagh]] [[Ronney:Sidooryn aer y Çhirveish Aer Reeoil]] 3vq6gkix6x4cgo1atzbrbi7mlwvmdr8 Amsterdam Noa 0 30831 393573 393195 2026-09-24T23:35:53Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Coadan:Stad Amsterdam in Nieuw Nederland (City Amsterdam in New Netherland) Castello Plan 1660.jpg|thumb|[[Kaart Castello]], caslys-çheerey Amsterdam Noa veih'n vlein 1660. Hug y doon e ennym da [[Battery Park|The Battery]] (ayns [[Manhattan]] jiu), haink y straid vooar ta goll shaghey yn boalley dy ve [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] ("y bollagh lhean"), as hug boalley yn valley e ennym da [[Wall Street]].]] She [[yn Impiraght Ollanagh|coloin Ollanagh]] va '''Amsterdam Noa''' ({{langx|nl|Nieuw Amsterdam}}, {{langx|en|New Amsterdam}}). V'eh bunnit 'sy 17oo eash ec bun jiass Ellan [[Manhattan]] as she soiag y reiltys coloinagh 'sy [[Yn Çheer Injil Noa|Çheer Injil Noa]] v'eh. Hug y kione-stashoon dellal rish irree as troggal balley mygeayrt [[Fort Amsterdam]]. Va'n doon soit ec y vun strateyshagh jiass jeh ellan Manhattan as v'eh jeerit er coadey obbraghyn [[traght fynnee]] [[Colught Ollanagh yn Eear-Injey|Cholught Ollanagh yn Eear-Injey]] 'syn Awin Hwoaie ([[Awin Hudson]]). Ayns 1624, haink eh dy ve ny heeyney queiggagh jeh'n [[Yn Phobblaght Ollanagh|Phobblaght Ollanagh]] as v'eh enmyssit myr preeu-valley yn wheiggey ayns 1625. Roish 1655, va 2,000 sleih cummal 'sy Çheer Injil Noa, as 1,500 jeu cummal ayns Amsterdam Noa. Roish 1664, va begnagh 9,000 sleih cummal 'sy Çheer Injil Noa, lesh 2,500 jeu ayns Amsterdam Noa, 1,000 jeu cummal faggys da [[Fort Orange (y Çheer Injil Noa)|Fort Orange]], as y sleih elley cummal ayns baljyn as baljyn beggey elley.<ref>"The Colony of New Netherland", 2009, liorish Jaap Jacobs, dg. 32.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm|title=Dutch Colonization|first=Kingston Ubarn Cultural|last=Park|website=nps.gov|access-date=2024-01-27|archive-date=2007-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017053514/http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> She [[Ollanee York Noa]] ny sluightee jeu. Ayns 1664, ghow ny Sostynee stiurey er Amsterdam Noa as ren ad aaenmyssey eh [[Caayr York Noa|York Noa]] ass Diuc York (haink dy ve [[Jamys II & VII]]). Lurg y [[Yn Nah Chaggey Anglo-Ollanagh|Nah Chaggey Anglo-Ollanagh]] ayns 1665–67, ren Sostyn as Queiggaghyn Unanneysit y Çheer Injil coardail rish y staydys roie ayns [[Conaant Breda (1667)|Conaant Breda]]. Dreill ny Sostynee stiurey harrish ellan Manhattan, as lhig ny h-Ollanee seose nyn aggyrtys er y valley as y chooid elley jeh'n choloin, tra lhig ny Sostynee seose nyn aggyrtys formoil er y [[Yn Toorinam (coloin Ollanagh)|Toorinam]] ayns America Yiass, as er ellan [[Run (ellan)|Run]] ayns [[ny h-Injyn Hiar]] da ny h-Ollanee, shickyraghey nyn stiurey er [[Ellanyn Banda|Ellanyn ny Spiosyn]] berçhagh. Jiu, ta [[Lower Manhattan]] soit raad va Amsterdam Noa soit. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{Commons category}} * {{YouTube|xQkYtmiQSE4|Dutch West Indies 1630–1975}} {{en jalloo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171120150801/http://nyharborparks.org/podcasts/rs-newamsterdam.html Nieuw Amsterdam to New York], shennaghys sheean veih National Parks of New York Harbor Conservancy {{en jalloo}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091011050940/http://www.nnp.org/vtour/regions/Manhattan/fort-amsterdam.html New Amsterdam] veih'n [[New Netherland Project]] * [https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/new-amsterdam-1660-a34eebc7966c4589934afb2334e182b6 Kiaddey 3D jeh Amsterdam Noa ayns 1660, aahroggalys shenndeeagh bunnit er Kaart Castello] {{en jalloo}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Yn Çheer Injil Noa|+]] [[Ronney:Bunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1625]] [[Ronney:Yn Impiraght Ollanagh 'sy vlein 1625]] [[Ronney:Jee-vunneeaghtyn 'sy vlein 1664]] [[Ronney:Yn Impiraght Ollanagh 'sy vlein 1664]] [[Ronney:Ny Tree Coloinyn Jeig 'sy vlein 1664]] [[Ronney:Cultoor Ollanagh-Americaanagh ayns York Noa (steat)]] [[Ronney:Boodeeyssyn Ewagh shenndeeagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys Chaayr York Noa]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit bunnit liorish Colught Ollanagh ny h-Injyn Sheear]] [[Ronney:Buill chummaltit bunnit ayns ny 1620yn]] [[Ronney:Shennaghys York Noa (steat)]] dy7z7wuug73hacq3rmzc3qikh6rcdfa Rio (fillym 2011) 0 32236 393594 379453 2026-09-25T02:14:43Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:''Rio'' (fillym 2011)}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Scannane |jalloo=Rio (película).svg |aghteyryn={{Ubl| * [[Anne Hathaway]] * [[Jesse Eisenberg]] * [[Jemaine Clement]] * [[Leslie Mann]] * [[George Lopez]] * [[Jamie Foxx]] }} |skeaylley=22 Mayrnt 2011 (Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro)<ref name="BrazilPremiere">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/animated-3d-film-rio-premieres-in-brazil-favela-2254194.html |title=Animated 3D film 'Rio' premieres in Brazil favela |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=26 Mayrnt 2011 |access-date=1 Mean Souree 2011 |archive-date=28 Mean Fouyir 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928025028/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/animated-3d-film-rio-premieres-in-brazil-favela-2254194.html |url-status=live |accessdate=2024-05-10 |archivedate=2012-09-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928025028/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/animated-3d-film-rio-premieres-in-brazil-favela-2254194.html }}</ref><br />15 Averil 2011 (Steatyn Unnaneysit America)|traa_roie=96 minnidyn<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/rio-2011|website=BBFC|title=Rio (2011)|access-date=14 Sauin 2017|archive-date=15 Sauin 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115084329/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/rio-2011|url-status=live}}</ref> |bushaid=$90 millioonyn<ref name="LABox">{{cite news |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/04/box-office-rio-scream-4-conspirator.html |title=Movie Projector: 'Rio' should stifle 'Scream 4' |last=Kaufman |first=Amy |work=Los Angeles Times |date=14 Averil 2011 |access-date=3 Boaldyn 2011 |archive-date=7 Mayrnt 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307033206/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2011/04/box-office-rio-scream-4-conspirator.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |çheet_stiagh=$484.6 millioonyn<ref name="BoxOfficeMojo">{{cite web |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rio.htm |title=Rio (2011) |work=Box Office Mojo |publisher=IMDb |access-date=2 Mean Fouyir 2011 |archive-date=1 Mean Fouyir 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901233624/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=rio.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> }} She [[fillym aittys]] [[fillym contoyrtys|contoyrtys]] [[fillym kiaullee|kiaullee]] bioghit Americaanagh veih'n vlein 2011 eh '''''Rio'''''. Va'n fillym gientit liorish [[Blue Sky Studios]] as [[20th Century Fox Animation]]. V'eh stiurit ec [[Carlos Saldanha]] veih scaa-chloie va screeuit liorish [[Don Rhymer]], [[Joshua Sternin]], [[Jennifer Ventimilia|Jeffrey Ventimilia]], as [[Sam Harper]], as bunnit er skeeal va sheiltynit ec Saldanha as y fwirran screeuee Earl Richey Jones as Todd Jones. Ta'n enmys çheet er yn ard-valley Brasseelagh [[Rio de Janeiro]],<ref name="Variety">{{cite news |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118003473| title=Fox, Blue Sky drawn to 'Rio'| last=Siegel| first=Tatiana| date=11 Boaldyn 2009| work=Variety| access-date=20 Jerrey Geuree 2010| archive-date=13 Toshiaght Arree 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213042221/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118003473| url-status=live}}</ref> raad ta'n fillym bunnit. Ta'n fillym goaill stiagh gooyn [[Anne Hathaway]], [[Jesse Eisenberg]], [[Jemaine Clement]], [[Leslie Mann]], [[George Lopez]], as [[Jamie Foxx]]. T'eh ginsh skeeal Blu (Eisenberg), [[macaw Spix]] firryn meeinit va currit dys Rio de Janeiro dy chubblaghey rish Jewel (Hathaway), macaw Spix bwoirrin aachreeit. Ta'n piyr tuittym ayns graih fy-yerrey, as lhisagh y piyr scapail veih'n roieder Nigel (Clement), [[cockatoo]] ta geearree Blu as Jewel y chreck er y [[Margey Doo|Vargey Doo]] marish e gheng roiederyn. Lhiassee Saldanha e chied heiltynys jeh ''Rio'' sheear ayns 2005, raad ta spennig skeabit er y traie ayns Rio. Hooar Saldanha fys er gientyn ny filmyn ''[[Happy Feet]]'' (2006) as ''[[Surf's Up (fillym)|Surf's Up]]'' (2007), as cheaghil eh yn sheiltynys dy ghoaill stiagh ny macawyn as nyn jymmyltaghtyn ayns Rio. Ren eh treeal yn eie dys [[Chris Wedge]] ayns 2006, as va'n shalee currit er bun ec [[Blue Sky Studios|Blue Sky]]. Chur ad fys er ny preeu-aghteyryn ayns 2009. Car y ghientyn, ren y skimmee keayrt er Rio de Janeiro as ghow ad coyrle lesh oayllee er macawyn ec [[Garey Baagh Bronx]] dy yannoo studeyrys er ny gleashaghtyn oc. Hie ''Rio'' er ny skeaylley magh da'n chied cheayrt er 22 Mayrnt 2011 ayns [[Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro]], roish my row eh skeayllit magh da'n phobble cadjin er 15 Averil 2011 liorish [[20th Century Fox]]. Hooar y fillym baghteyryssyn jarrooagh veih ny cremeyderyn fillym, ren moylley ny jallooyn, y cloie goo, ny karacteyryn, as y chiaull. Va rah mooar ec y fillym ec ny h-oikyn tiggad chammah, as chossyn eh $143 millioon ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as $484 millioonyn er feie ny cruinney. Va'n fillym enmyssit da'n [[Aundyr Academy da'n Arrane Bunneydagh Share|Arrane Bunneydagh Share]] ry-hoi'n arrane "Real in Rio" ec [[84oo Aundyryn Academy]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominees for the 84th Academy Awards |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/84/nominees.html |work=Oscars.org |access-date=1 Toshiaght Arree 2012 |date=24 Jerrey Geuree 2012 |archive-date=25 Luanistyn 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825202636/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/84/nominees.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Haink fillym eiyrtyssagh, ''[[Rio 2]]'', magh er 11 Averil 2014. == Imraaghyn == {{Reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == * {{IMDb title|1436562}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} [[Ronney:Filmyn veih'n vlein 2011]] [[Ronney:Filmyn 'sy Vaarle]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Americaanagh bioghit lesh co-earrooder]] [[Ronney:Filmyn contoyrtys bioghit paitçhyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn aittys bioghit paitçhyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn kiaullee bioghit paitçhyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Blue Sky Studios]] [[Ronney:Filmyn 20th Century Fox]] [[Ronney:Filmyn 20th Century Fox Animation]] fji0af845zmbik7by7mgceycz7r11qs All About Eve 0 34326 393571 379636 2026-09-24T23:34:12Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ennym iddaalagh}} {{WD Kishtey Fys Scannane |aghteyryn = {{ubl |[[Bette Davis]] |[[Anne Baxter]] |[[George Sanders]] |[[Celeste Holm]] |[[Gary Merrill]] |[[Hugh Marlowe]] |[[Thelma Ritter]] |[[Marilyn Monroe]] |[[Gregory Ratoff]] |[[Barbara Bates]] |[[Walter Hampden]] }} |skeaylley = 13 Jerrey Fouyir 1950 ([[Caayr York Noa]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit)<ref name="AFI Catalog">{{AFI film|26204}}</ref> |bushaid = $1.4&nbsp;villioon<ref name="Solomon 1988 245">{{cite book| last=Solomon| first=Aubrey| year=1988| title=Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History| location=Lanham, Maryland| publisher=Scarecrow Press| page=245| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIZwZOz8LHsC&q=all+about+eve| isbn=978-0810842441}}, {{OCLC|856785920}}.</ref><ref name="Behlmer 1990 208">{{cite book| first=Rudy| last=Behlmer| title=Behind the Scenes: The Making Of...| publisher=Samuel French| year=1990| page=208| isbn=978-0573606007}}</ref> |çheet_stiagh = $8.4&nbsp;millioonyn<ref name="the-numbers.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130929050304/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1950/0AAE.php Box Office Information for ''All About Eve'']. [[The Numbers (ynnyd-eggey)|The Numbers]]. Feddynit magh er 11 Mee Houney 2012 {{en jalloo}}.</ref> | traa_roie = 138 min<ref>{{cite web| url=http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/all-about-eve-1970-4| title=''All About Eve'' (A)| website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]| date=2 Jerrey Fouyir 1950| access-date=6 Mee ny Nollick 2014| archive-date=2014-12-09| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209025557/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/all-about-eve-1970-4| url-status=dead}}</ref> }} She fillym veih'n vlein 1950 eh '''''All About Eve'''''. Va'n fillym stiurit ec [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]. ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:All About Eve}} [[Ronney:Filmyn veih'n vlein 1950]] [[Ronney:Filmyn Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn drama veih'n vlein 1950]] [[Ronney:Filmyn drama Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn grinderagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn 'sy Vaarle]] [[Ronney:Filmyn stiurit lesh Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] [[Ronney:Filmyn doo-as-bane Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bentyn rish aghteyryn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bentyn rish y theater]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bunnit er feer-haghyrtyn]] [[Ronney:Filmyn bunnit er skeealyn giare]] [[Ronney:Filmyn 20th Century Fox]] [[Ronney:Filmyn scoarit lesh Alfred Newman]] [[Ronney:Filmyn marish scaa-chloiaghyn lesh Joseph L. Mankiewicz]] [[Ronney:Filmyn gientit lesh Darryl F. Zanuck]] [[Ronney:Films à clef]] 3om19euntpnfsd09r4ds2x2s33u6uch Riki LeCotey 0 43785 393593 389111 2026-09-25T02:14:40Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym = Riki LeCotey | jalloo = Geek Fashion Show 2013 - Castle Corsetry - Riddle (8845440176).jpg | fo-heidyl = LeCotey myr [[Harley Quinn]] ec y ''Geek Fashion Show'' 'sy vlein 2013 | date_ruggyr = 27 Jerrey Fouyir | boayl_ruggyr = [[Yn Chanadey|Y Chanadey]] | enmyn_elley = Riddle, Riki | ashoonaght = [[Canadee|Canadagh]] | yrjid = {{yrjid|m=1.55}} | trimmid = {{cvt|56|kg}} | towshan = 37-25-36 }} She [[cloie coamree|cloieder coamree]], craishteyder, as kiaddeyder coamree Canadagh ta bunnit ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit ee '''Riki LeCotey''', ta enmyssit '''Riddle''' chammah.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fantasycon.com/riddle.html |title=Riddle |publisher=Fantasycon.com |date=2014-01-03 |accessdate=2015-05-04 |archive-date=2016-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514023813/http://www.fantasycon.com/riddle.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta sleih eigsoylagh coontey ish myr nane jeh ny cloieder coamree share ayns America Hwoaie,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://floridasupercon.com/?attachment_id=753 |title=Riddle |publisher=Floridasupercon.com |date= |accessdate=2015-05-04}}</ref> feeu er y theihll.<ref>{{cite web |author= |url=http://kotaku.com/5945526/heres-some-of-the-worlds-best-cosplayers-live-and-in-person/ |title=Here's Some of the World's Best Cosplayers (Live and In Person!) |publisher=Kotaku.com |date=22 Mean Fouyir 2012 |accessdate=2015-04-30 |archive-date=2015-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903225401/http://kotaku.com/5945526/heres-some-of-the-worlds-best-cosplayers-live-and-in-person/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Coorse bea== Ta LeCotey er ny ve ny cloieder coamree feie ny smoo na jeihaght, as v'ee ny briw cloie cloamree as ny goaldagh er lheh ec ram co-chruinnaghtyn baanreydagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit as feie ny cruinney, goaill stiagh [[Dubai]], [[Nerin]], y [[Çhillee|Çhillee]], as y [[Reeriaght Unnaneysit]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fancons.com/guests/bio/3314/riki-riddle-lecotey |title=Riki "Riddle" LeCotey - FanCons.com |publisher=FanCons.com |date= |accessdate=2018-06-24}}</ref> She ard-phaart skimmee ec er y daa imbagh jeh'n chlaare rieught ''[[Heroes of Cosplay]]'' lesh y vollagh [[Syfy]] ayns ny bleeantyn 2013 as 2014.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cardenas |first=Richard |url=http://www.popcults.com/meet-the-cast-syfys-heroes-of-cosplay-riki-lecotey/ |title=Meet the Cast: SyFy's Heroes of Cosplay – Riki LeCotey |publisher=Popcults.com |date=2013-08-06 |accessdate=2015-04-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415080959/http://www.popcults.com/meet-the-cast-syfys-heroes-of-cosplay-riki-lecotey/ |archivedate=2015-04-15 }}</ref> T'ee er n'obbraghey myr coamreyder er lheh er filmyn lheid as ''[[X-Men: First Class]]'' as ''[[Captain America: Civil War]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4143805|title=Riki LeCotey|publisher=IMDb.com|accessdate=2015-04-30}}</ref> as v'ee er ny taishbyney 'sy fillym feanishagh ''Cosplay: Crafting a Secret Identity'' lesh [[WABE-TV|PBA]] 'sy vlein 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legendariummedia.com/2013/07/11/cosplay-crafting-a-secret-identity-on-pba-july-28-30/ |title="Cosplay! Crafting a Secret Identity" on PBA July 28 & 30 |publisher=LegendariumMedia.com |date=2013-07-11 |accessdate=2015-03-04 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402191529/http://www.legendariummedia.com/2013/07/11/cosplay-crafting-a-secret-identity-on-pba-july-28-30/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://geeksandgoddesses.com/post/58148602223/watch-cosplay-crafting-a-secret-identity |title=Watch Cosplay! Crafting a Secret Identity by Jack Walsh |publisher=GeeksandGoddesses.com |date= |accessdate=2015-03-04}}</ref> Chammah's shen, she ish ta crootagh y phossan giastyllagh, Cosplay for a Cause, ren troggal ny smoo na $30,000 son Crosh Yiarg y Çhapaan lurg y [[Craa thallooin as tsunami Tōhoku, 2011|tsunami 'sy vlein 2011 ayns Tōhoku, y Çhapaan]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Kathie Huddleston |url=http://www.blastr.com/2013-8-12/black-cat-huntress-41-pics-cosplayer-riki-lecotey |title=From Black Cat to Huntress: 41 pics of cosplayer Riki LeCotey |publisher=Blastr.com |date=2013-08-12 |accessdate=2015-04-30 |archive-date=2015-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423034209/http://www.blastr.com/2013-8-12/black-cat-huntress-41-pics-cosplayer-riki-lecotey |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Galleree== <gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Riddle as Mary Marvel (2828646721).jpg|Mary Marvel, Dragon Con 2008 The divine ms. van dyne (4021655108).jpg|The Wasp, Big Apple Con 2009 Riddle as the Rocketeer (7567384812).jpg|The Rocketeer, San Diego Comic-Con 2012 Riddle as Silk Spectre (7554604202).jpg|Silk Spectre, San Diego Comic-Con 2012 Snow White (7580562042).jpg|Snow White, San Diego Comic-Con 2012 Riddle as Dr Mrs The Monarch (9333201495).jpg|Dr. Mrs. The Monarch, San Diego Comic-Con 2013 </gallery> ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist}} ==Kianglaghyn magh== {{commons category|Riki LeCotey}} * {{IMDb name|4143805}} * [https://fancons.com/guests/bio/3314/riki-riddle-lecotey Reayrtyssyn co-chruinnaght Riki "Riddle" LeCotey] er FanCons.com {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:LeCotey, Riki}} [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Blein ruggyree gyn fys]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn Canadagh y 21d eash]] [[Ronney:Kiaddeyderyn coamree bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Cloiederyn coamree]] [[Ronney:Ellyneyryn clugeyn sooilley Canadagh]] [[Ronney:Eebyrtee Chanadagh ayns ny Steatyn Unnaneysit]] 3qmjbqi9ssj8f2vp8a8ia7xmmq4oo7q Nina Warink 0 44566 393589 368386 2026-09-25T01:50:43Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | jalloo = Nina Warink.png | fo-heidyl = Nina Warink 'sy vlein 2019 | date_ruggyr = {{date ruggyr|df=y|1996|7|20}}<ref>[https://jfk.men/women/nina-warink-vriendin-van-kalvijn/ JFK]. Alles over Nina Warink, de vriendin van Kalvijn</ref> | boayl_ruggyr = [[Loppersum]], [[Groningen (queiggey)|Groningen]], y Çheer Injil }} She [[persoonid YouTube]] as screeudeyr lioar choagyree Ollanagh ee '''Nina Warink''' (ruggit er 20 Jerrey Souree 1996). Chammah's shen, she çhebbeyder as jantagh pod-scaalhean t-ee. == Beashnys == Va Warink ruggit as troggit ayns [[Loppersum]], [[Groningen (queiggey)|Groningen]], 'sy Çher Injil. Ghow ee toshiaght rish e coorse bea er [[Instagram]] as 'sy vlein 2018 ghow ee toshiaght rish e [[YouTube|bollagh YouTube]]. Un vlein ny s'anmey, ren ee roshtyn 100,000 fo-screeudeyr da'n vollagh eck. Dooyrt ee dy row laue yn eaghtyr eck er-yn-oyr dy row cleuinys eck marish y phersoonid YouTube [[Kelvin Boerma|Kalvijn]]. Ayns Mayrnt 2020, haink ee dy ve bio er [[TikTok]] as ren ee roshtyn 204,000 'sy vlein 2023. Goaill toshiaght ayns Mee ny Nollick 2018, ren Warink çhebbal y claare choagyree ''Nina Kookt'' ("Ta Nina Gaarlaghey") er y vollagh YouTube [[Concentrate (bollagh YouTube)|Concentrate Velvet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://showbizznetwork.nl/artikel/59995/nina-warink-maakt-eigen-kookprogramma/|title=Nina Warink maakt eigen kookprogramma|date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2018|work=showbizznetwork.nl|language=Ollanish}}</ref> Ny yei shen, ren ee screeu tree lioar choagyree: 'sy vlein 2020 hoilshee ee magh e kied lioar ''Mijn tweede liefde'' lioree hene,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.girlz.nl/lifestyle/nina-warink-heeft-een-bijzonder-boek-uitgebracht/|title=YouTuber Nina Warink krijgt eigen kookboek|date=11 Mee Houney 2020|work=girlz.nl|language=Ollanish|access-date=9 Jerrey Geuree 2021|archive-date=11 Jerrey Geuree 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210111061512/https://www.girlz.nl/lifestyle/nina-warink-heeft-een-bijzonder-boek-uitgebracht/}}</ref> as blein ny yei hoilshee ee ''Simpel & Sexy.'' Va'n lioar eck, ''Tafelen'', soilshit magh 'sy vlein 2023. 'Sy vlein 2019, chloie Warink ish hene 'sy fillym ''[[XIII (fillym)|XIII]]'', v'er ny stiurey lesh e leggad Kelvin Boerma (Kalvijn). Chloie ee paart y naighteyr 'sy fillym aittys ''[[Just Say Yes (fillym)|Just Say Yes]]'' v'er ny skeaylley magh 'sy vlein 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.girlz.nl/entertainment/nina-warink-heeft-haar-allereerste-rol-in-een-film-te-pakken/|title=Nina Warink heeft haar allereerste rol in een film te pakken|date=3 Luanistyn 2020|work=girlz.nl|language=Ollanish|access-date=11 Jerrey Geuree 2021|archive-date=12 Jerrey Geuree 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112125839/https://www.girlz.nl/entertainment/nina-warink-heeft-haar-allereerste-rol-in-een-film-te-pakken/}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2022, skeayll ee magh y fillym feanishagh ''Wazig'' ("Dullyraght") bentyn rish [[çhingys neayrag hilleydagh Kjer]], ta gleashagh er e ayr as kiare oltey elley 'sy vooinjerys eck. She ambasseydeyr ee Warink da'n undinys Cure ADOA Foundation chammah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtvnoord.nl/nieuws/963133/nina-warink-maakt-docu-over-zeldzame-oogziekte-van-haar-vader-en-vier-familieleden|title=Nina Warink maakt docu over zeldzame oogziekte van haar vader en vier familieleden.|date=3 Jerrey Fouyir 2022|work=rtvnoord.nl|language=Ollanish}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2024, ren Warink launshey e mark cooid aarlee ''NINÉ'' .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.talkiesmagazine.nl/lifestyle/nina-warink-lanceert-kitchenware-merk/|title=Nina Warink lanceert kitchenware-merk.|date=25 Mayrnt 2024|work=talkiesmagazine.nl|language=Ollanish|access-date=2025-11-23|archive-date=2025-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211024054/https://www.talkiesmagazine.nl/lifestyle/nina-warink-lanceert-kitchenware-merk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Pod-scaalheanyn === Ayns Luanistyn 2022, va'n chied pod-scaalhean jeh ''Vrouwmibo de podcast'' er ny skeaylley magh, marish Nina Warink, [[Iris Enthoven]], as [[Sophie Milzink]]. Va'n scaa-lhean coontit mastey ny queig enmyssagh jerrinagh 'sy ronney aght-bea ec aundyryn pod-scaalhean y Çheer Injil 'sy vlein cheddin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://podcastawards.nl/alle-genomineerden/|title=Alle genomineerden &ndash; Aundyryn Pod-scaalhean y Çheer Injil Awards|date=16 Jerrey Fouyir 2022|work=.podcastawards.nl|access-date=31 Mee ny Nollick 2022|archive-date=31 Mee ny Nollick 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231151138/https://podcastawards.nl/alle-genomineerden/}}</ref> Marish e leggad Kalvijn, ta Warink jannoo yn pod-scaalhean 'kibbeling'. === Privé === In May 2020, Warink obtained her bachelor's degree in facility management from Hanze University of Applied Sciences in Groningen.[8] Ayns Boaldyn 2020, chossyn Warink e keim batçhileyr ayns reireydys seyraad ayns Ollooscoill Oaylleeaghtyn Feamagh Hanza ayns [[Groningen (ard-valley)|Groningen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilrVfKy83ag/|title=Diplomering|date=14 Jerrey Souree 2020|work=YouTube Nina Warink}}</ref> Phoose ee rish Kelvin Boerma er 12 Boaldyn 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://grazia.nl/artikel/607244/wauw-kalvijn-en-nina-warink-hebben-elkaar-op-sprookjesachtige-wijze-het-jawoord-gegeven |title=Wauw: Kalvijn en Nina Warink hebben elkaar op sprookjesachtige wijze het jawoord gegeven |last=Feenstra |first=Yentl |date=2024-05-13 |access-date=2024-05-16 |work=Grazia.nl}}</ref> Rug y piyr mac er 18 Averil 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtl.nl/boulevard/entertainment/artikel/5505278/kalvijn-en-nina-warink-verwelkomen-zoontje-welkom-op-de |title=Kalvijn en Nina Warink verwelkomen zoontje: 'Welkom op de wereld' |date=2025-04-21 |access-date=2025-04-21 |work=RTL.nl |language=Ollanish}}</ref> ==Rolley lioaryn== * ''Mijn tweede liefde'' (2020) * ''Simpel & Sexy'' (2021) * ''Tafelen'' (2023) == Rolley filmyn == === Fillym === * ''[[XIII (fillym)|XIII]]'' (2019), myr ee hene * ''[[Just Say Yes (fillym)|Just Say Yes]]'' (2021), myr Mandy == Aundyryn == {|class="wikitable" !Blein !Aundyr !Ronney !Eiyrtys |- |2021 |FHM500 Awards |Social Media Queen |{{Cosnit}}<ref name="Dit waren de FHM500 2021 Awards">{{Cite web|url=https://fhm.nl/fhm500-2021-awards/|title=FHM500 2021 Awards|access-date=14 Mean Souree 2021|date=3 Mean Souree 2021|work=fhm.nl}}</ref> |} ==Imraaghyn== {{reflist}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Warink, Nina}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1996]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Loppersum]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Ollanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn neu-farskeealaght bwoirrin Ollanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn lioar choagyree Ollanagh]] [[Ronney:Delleyderyn bwoirrin Ollanagh]] [[Ronney:Persoonidyn TikTok Ollanagh]] [[Ronney:Persoonidyn YouTube]] [[Ronney:Cleayneyderyn meanyn sheshoil]] 4n9loh2x8rcg5ivndsfdel0zfkgl5zv Sabrina Pasterski 0 46038 393600 371528 2026-09-25T02:21:19Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | boayl_ruggyr = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit }} She [[fishigagh sheiltynagh]] Americaanagh ee '''Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski''' (ruggit er 3 Mean Souree 1993). Er y chooid smoo, she sur-oayllee t'ee kayns [[fishig ard-vreeoil]] as [[holografeeaght niauoilagh]] ec y [[Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]]. == Ynsagh as seihll aeg == Va Pasterski ruggit ayns [[Chicago, Illinois]],<ref name="inc">{{Cite news |last=Kim |first=Larry |date=8 Toshiaght Arree 2016 |title=17 Surprising Facts About Millennial Physics Phenom Sabrina Pasterski |url=https://www.inc.com/larry-kim/17-surprising-facts-about-millennial-physics-phenom-sabrina-pasterski.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241215055655/https://www.inc.com/larry-kim/17-surprising-facts-about-millennial-physics-phenom-sabrina-pasterski.html |archive-date= 15 Mee ny Nollick 2024 |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |work=Inc.com |language=Baarle}}</ref> lesh ny [[leighder]]yn Mark Pasterski as Maria Gonzalez.<ref name="midwestflyer" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb2BSwsqCRk |title=Exploring Many Worlds |date=November 16, 2025 |last=Pasterski |first=Sabrina |type=Video |access-date=December 9, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Hie ee dys y vunscoill ec yn [[Edison Regional Gifted Center]], goaill toshiaght 'sy vlein 1998.<ref name="inc" /> As ee foast aeg, ren Pasterski lhiasaghey anaase ayns [[etlagh spoar]] as [[saagh spoar|siyn spoar]].<ref name="midwestflyer">{{cite web |last=Bildilli |first=Jim |date=5 Jerrey Geuree 2011 |title=Wondering Where The Future of Aviation Is? Wonder No More! Meet Ms. Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski |url=http://midwestflyer.com?p=2052 |access-date=5 Averil 2016 |publisher=Midwest Flyer}}</ref> Hooar ee [[Cessna 150]] da'n laa ruggyree eck veih'n çhennayr eck<ref name="Snopes">{{cite web |last1=MacGuill |first1=Dan |date=27 Mee ny Nollick 2017 |title=FACT CHECK: The Remarkable Sabrina Pasterski |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/sabrina-pasterski-physics-girl/ |access-date=6 Averil 2019 |website=Snopes.com}}</ref> as hug e ayr, [[etleyder]] chammah, ish dys y [[Yn Chanadey|Chanadey]] raad ren ee [[traenal etlee|lessoonyn etlee]]. Goaill toshiaght tra v'ee 12 vleeaney d'eash, cheau ee daa vleeaney<ref name="trib">{{Cite web |last=Bowen |first=Alison |date=18 Jerrey Geuree 2016 |title=Sky's the limit for down-to-earth physics whiz Sabrina Pasterski |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2016/01/18/skys-the-limit-for-down-to-earth-physics-whiz-sabrina-pasterski/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=Baarle}}</ref> troggal [[Zenith CH 601 XL]] veih cullee,<ref name="midwestflyer" /> as ren ee shiartanse dy chaghlaaghyn hooar ee [[teishtys aarlaghey da'n aer]].<ref name="rising-star" /> V'ee lhiggit [[etlagh prowallagh]] dy yannoo marish [[ynseyder etlee teishtit]] roish my ren y [[National Transportation Safety Board]] gruntey dagh saagh aer va bunnit er cullee Zenith<ref name="Illinois All-Stars Academic Team">{{cite web |title=What is your best achievement? |url=http://physicsgirl.com/1.pdf |access-date=22 Luanistyn 2017 |publisher=Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Godlewski |first=Meg |date=23 Mee Houney 2009 |title=Zenith responds to airworthiness freeze — General Aviation News |url=https://generalaviationnews.com/2009/11/23/zenith-responds-to-airworthiness-freeze/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=generalaviationnews.com |language=Baarle}}</ref> kyndagh rish shiartanse dy ghrogh-haghyrtyn.<ref name="midwestflyer" /> Hie Pasterski dys y scoill ard ec yn [[Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy]].<ref name="scientificamerican">{{Cite web |title=30 under 30: A Teenage Pilot and Aspiring Physicist |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lindau-sabrina-pasterski/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=Scientific American |language=Baarle}}</ref> Tra v'ee ayn, she kione-chloieder lieh-yerrinagh v'ee da'n wirran va shassoo er son ny Steatyn Unnaneysit 'syn [[Olympiad Fishig Eddyrashoonagh]],<ref name="midwestflyer" /> as dreill ee internaght ec [[Blue Origin]].<ref name="perimeterinstitute">{{Cite web |title=Sabrina Pasterski {{!}} Perimeter Institute |url=https://perimeterinstitute.ca/people/sabrina-pasterski |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=[[Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]] |language=Baarle}}</ref> Dirree ee magh 'sy vlein 2010.<ref name="inc" /> Ghow ee toshiaght rish keim fo-cheimagh ec [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) ayns Fouyir y vlein 2010,<ref name="midwestflyer" /> erreish da ren [[Harvard College]] jiooldey ee.<ref name="scientificamerican" /> V'ee reiht ass y rolley farraghtyn da'n chlaare [[jeshaghteyrys aerospoar]]<ref name="wired" /> kyndagh rish y taagh spoar ren ee tra v'ee aeg.<ref name="rising-star" /> As ee ayn, haink ee dy ve ny kied chied-vleeantagh dy ve enmyssit da Internaght Obbree Yerrey Geuree lesh [[NASA]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabrina Pasterski |url=https://www.hertzfoundation.org/people/sabrina-pasterski/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=Hertz Foundation |language=Baarle}}</ref> as v'ee coontit mastey adsyn hooar y chied Freshman Entrepreneurship Award ("Aundyr Greesaght da Kied-vleeantee") lesh MIT.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Boaldyn 2011 |title=New Freshman Awards recognize exceptional first-year students |url=https://news.mit.edu/2011/new-freshman-awards-0527 |access-date=9 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology |language=Baarle}}</ref> 'Sy vlein 2011, dreill ee internaght ec y [[Kennedy Space Center]] lesh NASA.<ref name="perimeterinstitute" /> Erreish da ren ee ceaghley e mooar-studeyryssyn dys yn ishig,<ref name="wired" /> ren ee ronsaght ghow stiagh y prowaltys [[Compact Muon Solenoid]] ec [[CERN]].<ref name="SA302">{{Cite web |title=30 under 30: A Teenage Pilot and Aspiring Physicist |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lindau-sabrina-pasterski/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=Scientific American |language=Baarle}}</ref> Hooar ee [[Baçheleyr Oaylleeaght]] ayns Fishig 'sy vlein 2013, lurg tree bleeaney frastyllys as myr y chied ven lurg ram jeihaghtyn ren irree ass MIT ec baare e brastyl 'sy chlaare fishig<ref name="trib" /> as dy chosney aundyr scoillaraght Joel Matthew Orloff<ref name="Snopes" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Student Awards and Honors » MIT Physics |url=https://physics.mit.edu/academic-programs/student-awards/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=MIT Physics |language=en-US}}</ref> marish [[Sorçhal 'syn ynsagh|GPA]] er 5.0.<ref name="Snopes" /> Lurg shen, hie ee stiagh ayns claare [[ynsagh eear-cheimagh]] ayns Harvard raad hooar ee [[Olteynys-sheshey Hertz]].<ref name="trib" /> As ee ny studeyr keimee ayns Harvard, ren ee obrraghey fo coyrle [[Andrew Strominger]]<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |date=2015 |title=Spring 2015 – Harvard University – The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences |url=https://gsas.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/issues/colloquy_spring15.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027175616/https://gsas.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/pdfs/issues/colloquy_spring15.pdf |archive-date=27 Jerrey Fouyir 2020 |access-date=22 Luanistyn 2017 |website=gsas.harvard.edu |publisher=Colloquy Magazine}}</ref> as ren ee lhiasaghey anaase 'syn [[ym-hayrn quantum]].<ref name="rising-star">{{cite web |last=Halime |first=Farah |date=12 Jerrey Geuree 2016 |title=This Millennial Might Be The New Einstein |url=http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/this-millennial-might-be-the-new-einstein/65094 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406102215/http://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/this-millennial-might-be-the-new-einstein/65094 |archive-date=6 Averil 2016 |access-date=5 Averil 2016 |work=Ozy.com |publisher=Steven P. Jobs Trust}}</ref> Ren ish, Strominger, as co-obbree elley, Alexander Zhiboedov, feddyn magh [[eiyrtys cooinaghtyn ym-hayrnagh]], kiangley ren Pasterski feddyn eddyr shimmeadraghtyn as eiyrtys cooinaghtyn cassee ta ry-gheddyn ayns [[tonn ym-hayrnagh|tonnyn ym-hayrnagh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCormick |first=Katie |date=8 Mee ny Nollick 2021 |title=Gravitational Waves Should Permanently Distort Space-Time |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/gravitational-waves-should-permanently-distort-space-time-20211208/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=Quanta Magazine |language=Baarle}}</ref> Hooar ee [[Ollooaght Fallsoonys]] ayns Fishig veih Harvard 'sy vlein 2019.<ref name="perimeterinstitute" /> == Coorse bea as ronsaght == Lurg hooar ee e PhD, ren Pasterski jannoo e obbyr eear-ollooagh myr oltey-sheshey ec [[Ollooscoill Princeton]] veih 2019 derrey 2022.<ref name="wired">{{Cite news |last=Krishna |first=Swapna |title=Dr. Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski Will Change How You Think About Space |url=https://www.wired.com/story/women-in-science-sabrina-gonzalez-pasterski/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |work=Wired |language=Baarle |issn=1059-1028}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabrina Pasterski {{!}} Princeton Center for Theoretical Science |url=https://pcts.princeton.edu/people/sabrina-pasterski |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=pcts.princeton.edu |language=Baarle}}</ref> As ee ayns Princeton, hoshee ee gobbraghey er [[holografeeaght niauoilagh]], holografeeaght heinyssagh y tuinney.<ref name="firstprinciples">{{Cite web |last=FirstPrinciples |date=8 Luanistyn 2024 |title=Andrew Strominger: Pioneering Celestial Holography |url=https://www.firstprinciples.org/article/andrew-strominger-loves-string-theory-but-is-ready-to-be-in-the-real-world |access-date=8 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=FirstPrinciples |language=Baarle |archive-date=2026-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260714183441/https://www.firstprinciples.org/article/andrew-strominger-loves-string-theory-but-is-ready-to-be-in-the-real-world |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McCormick |first=Katie |date=12 Jerrey Geuree 2022 |title=Symmetries Reveal Clues About the Holographic Universe |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/symmetries-reveal-clues-about-the-holographic-universe-20220112/ |access-date=7 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |website=Quanta Magazine |language=Baarle}}</ref> Hie ee stiagh 'sy [[Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics]] 'sy vlein 2021,<ref name="perimeterinstitute" /> raad she bunneyder as [[ard-ronseyder]] t'ee er y Celestial Holography Initiative.<ref name="wired" /><ref name="firstprinciples" /> == Cooid-chlouit reiht == * {{Cite journal |last=Pasterski |first=Sabrina |last2=Shao |first2=Shu-Heng |last3=Strominger |first3=Andrew |date=28 Mean Fouyir 2017 |title=Flat space amplitudes and conformal symmetry of the celestial sphere |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.065026 |journal=Physical Review D |language=Baarle |volume=96 |issue=6 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.96.065026 |issn=2470-0010|arxiv=1701.00049 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Pasterski |first=Sabrina |last2=Shao |first2=Shu-Heng |date=25 Mean Fouyir 2017 |title=Conformal basis for flat space amplitudes |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.065022 |journal=Physical Review D |language=Baarle |volume=96 |issue=6 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.96.065022 |issn=2470-0010|arxiv=1705.01027 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Pasterski |first=Sabrina |last2=Strominger |first2=Andrew |last3=Zhiboedov |first3=Alexander |date=2016 |title=New gravitational memories |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP12(2016)053 |journal=Journal of High Energy Physics |language=Baarle |volume=2016 |issue=12 |doi=10.1007/JHEP12(2016)053 |issn=1029-8479|arxiv=1502.06120 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Pasterski |first=Sabrina |date=2021 |title=Lectures on celestial amplitudes |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09846-7 |journal=The European Physical Journal C |language=Baarle |volume=81 |issue=12 |doi=10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09846-7 |issn=1434-6044|arxiv=2108.04801 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Pasterski |first=Sabrina |last2=Shao |first2=Shu-Heng |last3=Strominger |first3=Andrew |date=27 Jerrey Fouyir 2017 |title=Gluon amplitudes as 2 d conformal correlators |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.085006 |journal=Physical Review D |language=Baarle |volume=96 |issue=8 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.96.085006 |issn=2470-0010|arxiv=1706.03917 }} * {{Cite journal |last=Pasterski |first=Sabrina |date=2017 |title=Asymptotic symmetries and electromagnetic memory |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP09(2017)154 |journal=Journal of High Energy Physics |language=Baarle |volume=2017 |issue=9 |doi=10.1007/JHEP09(2017)154 |issn=1029-8479|arxiv=1505.00716 }} ==Aundyryn as onnoryn== *2013: [[European Physical Society]], High Energy and Particle Physics Prize, MIT-CMS<ref name="perimeterinstitute" /> * 2015: [[Forbes]], 30 under 30, Science<ref name="forbes30_2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/30-under-30-2015/#/science|title=Forbes' 30 under 30 2015: Science|website=[[Forbes]] |year=2015|access-date=10 Averil 2018}}</ref> * 2017: Forbes, 30 under 30, All Star<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sabrina-pasterski/|title=Sabrina Pasterski Profile|website=Forbes|access-date=22 Luanistyn 2017}}</ref> ==Imraaghyn== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski}} {{Gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pasterski, Sabrina}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1993]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Fishigee ass Illinois]] [[Ronney:Fishigee Americaanagh Ladjynagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee woirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Fishigee heiltynagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee kianglt rish CERN]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Coobagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Polynnagh]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Chicago]] saqs6hda7npagg4p2ofmdywx6oy2r1c Addis Fouché 0 49659 393569 378493 2026-09-24T23:31:20Z InternetArchiveBot 16702 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 393569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WD Kishtey Fys Dooinney | ennym = Addis Fouché | date_ruggyr = {{date_ruggyr|df=y|1995|9|19}}<ref name="ErikaLust">{{cite web |title=Discover Addis Fouché's Films & Bio |url=https://erikalust.com/performers/addis-fouche |website=Erika Lust |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref><ref name="TMDB">{{cite web |title=Addis Fouche |url=https://www.themoviedb.org/person/4672776-addis-fouche |website=The Movie Database (TMDB) |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref> | boayl_ruggyr = [[Brooklyn]], [[Caayr York Noa|York Noa]], ny Steatyn Unnaneysit<ref name="ErikaLust" /><ref name="TMDB" /> | ashoonaght = [[Americaanee|Americaanagh]] | towshan = 34B-26-36 | trimmid = {{trimmid|kg=61}} | yrjid = {{yrjid|m=1.65}} }} She screeudeyr, obbree comyssey, craishteyder, sheerloayreyder as greeseyder dellalys Americaanagh ee '''Addis Fouché''' (ruggit er 19 Mean Fouyir 1995).<ref name="ErikaLust" /><ref name="TMDB" /> V'ee ruggit as troggit ayns Brooklyn, Caayr York Noa,<ref name="GeneralAssembly">{{cite web |title=Addis Fouche-Chaner (Moderator) |url=https://generalassemb.ly/instructors/addis-fouche-chaner-moderator/23447 |website=General Assembly |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref><ref name="BoldJourney">{{cite web |title=Meet Addis Fouché |url=https://boldjourney.com/meet-addis-fouche/ |website=Bold Journey |date=18 Mee Houney 2025 |access-date=26 Averil 2026 |archive-date=2025-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209080523/https://boldjourney.com/meet-addis-fouche/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> as ta enney mie urree kyndagh rish yn obbyr ta jeant eck as ee gearree yn cron bentyn rish bun-chooishyn lheid as comyssey, keintys, keintyssaght, as sheeltaght trooid e screeudeyrys, e stoo ayns ny meanyn sheshoil, taghyrtyn bio, as obbyr chloie. Ren Fouché scughey veih coorse-bea 'sy toilsheenys bun-earrooagh dys shaleeyn crootagh seyrey va cur trimmid er er yn eerid, er y chochoardailys, as er y claanaghey persoonagh.<ref name="BoldJourney" /><ref name="LinkedIn">{{cite web |title=Addis Fouché (傅爱迪） - Writer {{!}} Founder {{!}} Sex Worker |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/addisfouche |website=LinkedIn |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref> == Bea leah as ynsagh == Va Fouché ruggit er 19 Mean Fouyir 1995, ayns [[Brooklyn]], [[Caayr York Noa|York Noa]].<ref name="ErikaLust" /><ref name="TMDB" /><ref name="IAFD">{{cite web |title=addis fouche |url=https://www.iafd.com/person.rme/id=a38f7ca7-7f9f-441e-9f1d-866abf03162e |website=Internet Adult Film Database (IAFD) |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref> T'ee cur enney ben whaagh Ghorrym urree hene. T'ee jeh sluight Americaanagh Caribagh as eiraght Jamaicagh as Trinaidagh eck. Hoshee ee gynsaghey [[Mandarinish]] as ee foast aeg as,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.backstage.com/u/addis-fouche/| title=Addis Fouché| website=backstage.com|accessdate=30 Averil 2026}}</ref> ny s'anmee, ren ee doltey yn ennym Sheenagh 傅爱迪 (Fù Àidí). Ren ee frastyl er y scoill oastys [[Westover School]] ayns [[Middlebury, Connecticut]], roish my ren ee claaraghey ec [[Middlebury College]], raad ren ee cohirrey ayns roortaghys rane as magher as chossyn ee keim Baçheleyr ny h-Ellynyn lesh mooar-studeyrys dooblit 'sy Tarmaynys as 'sy Çheenish.<ref name="BoldJourney" /><ref name="GeneralAssembly" /><ref name="OfficialAbout">{{cite web |title=Who Is Addis Fouché |url=https://www.addisfouche.com/about |website=addisfouche.com |access-date=26 Averil 2026 |archive-date=2026-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430213050/https://www.addisfouche.com/about |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Coorse-bea == === Soilsheenys === Erreish j'ee e keim y cheddyn veih Middlebury College, hie Fouché 'stiagh 'sy çhynskyl soilsheenys bun-earrooagh. Ren ee obbraghey ec jantyssyn goaill stiagh [[Wieden+Kennedy]], [[R/GA]], as [[GroupM]], as ee gobbraghey myr ard-oltscarreyder. V'ee freggyrtagh rish y chionneeaght meanyn, strateysh chowree, as yn oltscarrey cohirreydagh da cliantyn lheid as [[Bud Light]], [[Lyft]], [[Equinox]], [[Nestlé Waters]], [[Duracell]], [[DuPont]], as [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref name="BoldJourney" /><ref name="GeneralAssembly" /><ref name="LinkedIn" /><ref name="OfficialAbout" /> Ayns Averil 2017, as ee foast gobbraghey 'sy toilsheenys, vunnee ee [[Bitter Blush]], ventyrys jeerit da cowagyn foshlit bentyn rish y chomyssey, y cheintys, y cheintyssaght, y claynt inçhynagh, as focus er cooney as pohlldey boodeeyssyn oirrit.<ref name="GeneralAssembly" /> === Crooaght stoo, screeudeyrys, as obbyr chloie === Fy yerrey, daag Fouché yn soilsheenys cochorpagh dy gheiyrt er obbyr slane-emshiragh myr screeudeyr neuchiangltagh, crootagh stoo, craishteyder traghtee, as cloieder da sleih aasit.<ref name="LinkedIn" /><ref name="BoldJourney" /> Ta'n stoo eck, t'eh er ny rheynn magh er ardanyn lheid as [[Instagram]] as [[TikTok]], ginsh fo ny taghyrtyn persoonagh eck rish y çheeltaght as y claanaghey eck veih'n deyrsnaght, rish y foddey-roie, rish y jarrooid keintys eck, as rish yn enney rddyr-rheynnagh.<ref name="BoldJourney" /> T'ee er ny chur screeudeyrys neuchiangltagh rish cooid-chlouit lheid as ''[[Shado Magazine]]'', ''[[Glamour (earishlioar)|Glamour]]'', as ''[[Refinery29]]'', as ee dy mennick ronsaghey bun-chooishyn hene-ghraih, sooree myr obbree comyssey, smooinaght feminagh Ghorrym, as bun-chooishyn elley bentynagh.<ref name="Shado">{{cite web |title=Addis Fouché, Author at Shado Magazine |url=https://shado-mag.com/author/addis-fouche-channer/ |website=Shado Magazine |date=12 Toshiaght Arree 2023 |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref><ref name="OfficialRead">{{cite web |title=Published-Work — Addis |url=https://www.addisfouche.com/read-me |website=addisfouche.com |access-date=26 Averil 2026 |archive-date=2026-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430214135/https://www.addisfouche.com/read-me |url-status=dead}}</ref> Myr cloieder an-ghraagh, ta Fouché er ny chloie ayns obbraghyn da seyrlannyn lheid as [[Brazzers Network]], [[Reality Kings]], [[Transangels]], [[TeamSkeet]] as [[Bang Bros]], chammah as obbraghyn as perspeghtaghtyn feminagh oc er y cheintyssaght. Chammah's shen, t'ee er ny chraishtey da faghtyssyn as ard-screeuynyn earishlioar.<ref name="ErikaLust" /><ref name="BoldJourney" /> T'ee er ny hebbal y straih haghyrtyn bio ''The Lust Files'', forym resooney da'n jarrooid keintyssagh ec laaraghyn goaill stiagh y [[Rosewood Theater]] ayns Caayr York Noa, as t'ee er ny loayrt ec cohagglooyn lheid as SXSW er bun-chooishyn bentyn rish y cheintyssaght, y phooraghey, yn eerid, as taghyrtyn quaagh.<ref name="BoldJourney" /><ref name="SXSW">{{cite web |title=Creating for The Second Puberty of Queer Adults |url=https://schedule.sxsw.com/2023/events/PP122127 |website=SXSW Schedule |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref><ref name="AVN">{{cite web |title=Addis Fouche to Join 'The Lust Files' Panel in NYC |url=https://avn.com/press/video/addis-fouche-to-join-the-lust-files-panel-in-nyc-148754 |website=AVN |access-date=26 Averil 2026}}</ref> Ta Fouché foast lhiasaghey Bitter Blush myr ventyrys toshee as eh jeerit er crooaght aashyn as greienyn ynsee as boodeeyssagh bentyn rish y chairys sheshoil as yn aase persoonagh. T'ee foast freayll aaraght vio myr sheerloayreyder, myr loayreyder theayagh, as myr crootagh yl-eddinagh.<ref name="BoldJourney" /><ref name="LinkedIn" /> == Bea phersoonagh == She ben heeltagh ee Fouché as t'ee er ny resooney yn slaanaghey eck veih'n deyrsnaght, cur trimmid er y wuilley jarrooagh er e bea chrootagh as phersoonagh. She foddey-roieder t'ee as t'ee er ny hraenal da, as er ny ghoaill ayrn ayns, lieh-varathonyn. T'ee cur enney quaagh urree hene as t'ee rheynn y traa eck eddyr Caayr York Noa as Los Angeles.<ref name="BoldJourney" /><ref name="ErikaLust" /><ref name="OfficialAbout" /> == Rolley filmyn == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Blein ! Enmys ! Gienteyder ! class="unsortable" | Noteyn |- | rowspan=4| 2023 || ''[[Cumming of Age (fillym 2023)|Cumming of Age]]'' || [[TeamSkeet]] ||marish [[peter Green (aghteyr pornograafagh)|Peter Green]] |- | ''[[Hot Maid Gets Fucked]]'' || [[Bang Bros]] ||marish [[Jonathan Jordan (aghteyr)|Jonathan Jordan]] |- |''[[Initiation (fillym 2023)|Initiation]]'' || [[TeamSkeet]] || marish [[Jimmy Michaels (aghteyr pornograafagh)|Jimmy Michaels]], [[Madison Wilde]], as [[Molly Little]] |- |''[[Step Sister's Anal Request]]'' || [[Bang Bros]] || marish [[Johnny Love (aghteyr)|Johnny Love]] |- |rowspan="2"| 2024 || ''[[College Vacation 1]]'' || [[Reality Kings]] || marish [[Ameena Green]], [[Gizelle Blanco]], as [[Scott Nails]] |- | ''[[College Vacation 2]]'' || [[Reality Kings]] || marish [[Alex Jones (aghteyr pornograafagh)|Alex Jones]], [[Ameena Green]], as [[Gizelle Blanco]] |- |rowspan="3" | 2025 || ''[[Sexually Aggressive Teenagers 7]]'' ||[[TeamSkeet]] || 'sy reayrtys "[[Exotic Art Student Gets Face Painted]]" marish [[Ike Diezel]] |- | ''[[Anal Exploration with Addis Fouche]]'' ||[[XEmpire]] || marish [[Isiah Maxwell]] |- | ''[[Don't Toy With Me]]'' ||[[TransAngels]] || marish [[Leilani Li]] as [[Tony Genius]] |- |rowspan="1" | 2026 || ''[[Anal Lovers 15]]''||[[Private Media Group|Private]] || marish [[Kitana Lure]] as [[Lorenzo Viota]] |} == Aundyryn as enmyssaghtyn== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Blein ! Sharmanys ! Aundyr ! Eiyrtys ! Obbyr ! class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Imr.|Imraaghyn}} |- |rowspan="3"| 2025 |rowspan="2"|[[Aundyryn XMA Europa]] ||Y Cloie Share ||{{nom}}||''[[The Lust Games]]''||rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/291189/2025-xma-europa-awards-nominees-announced|title=2025 XMA Europa Awards Nominees Announced | date=1 Luanistyn 2025 |accessdate=30 Averil 2026 |website=XBIZ.com}}</ref> |- ||Y Reayrtys Comyssey Share — Rouanid/Possanagh ||{{nom}} ||''The Lust Games'' |- |rowspan="1"|[[Aundyryn XMA]]||Y Reayrtys Tessen-cheintyssagh Share || {{nom}}|| ''[[Don’t Toy with Me]]'' ||<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fleshbot.com/biz/post/starlet-addis-fouche-nabs-xbiz-award-nomination-for-best-trans-scene/ |title=Starlet Addis Fouche Nabs XBIZ Award Nomination for Best Trans Scene | date=16 Mee ny Nollick 2025 |accessdate=30 Averil 2026 |website=Fleshbot.com |first=Kelli | last = Roberts}}</ref> |} == Jeeagh er neesht == * [[Obbyr chomyssey]] * [[Gleashaght er son jarrooid keintys]] == Imraaghyn == {{Reflist}} == Kianglaghyn magh == * {{Official website|https://www.addisfouche.com/}} * {{IAFD ennym|id=a38f7ca7-7f9f-441e-9f1d-866abf03162e}} * {{Instagram|addisfouche}} * {{TikTok|addisfouche}} * {{Twitter|addisfouche}} {{gurneil eaghtyrys}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fouché, Addis}} [[Ronney:Ruggyryn 'sy vlein 1995]] [[Ronney:Feallee vio]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn quaagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn bwoirrin quaagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn Affro-Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Screeudeyryn ass York Noa (steat)]] [[Ronney:Obbreeyn comyssey bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn pornograafagh bwoirrin quaagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Aghteyryn ass York Noa (steat)]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn an-ghraagh bwoirrin quaagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Craishteyderyn ass York Noa (steat)]] [[Ronney:Feallee ass Brooklyn]] [[Ronney:Feminee er son jarrooid keintys]] [[Ronney:Feminee Affro-Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn ass York Noa (steat)]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn bwoirrin Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Sheerloayreyderyn Americaanagh er son obbreeyn comyssey]] [[Ronney:Mraane quaagh Americaanagh]] [[Ronney:Affro-Americaanee whaagh]] [[Ronney:Crootee OnlyFans]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Jamaicagh]] [[Ronney:Americaanee jeh sluight Ellan y Trinaid as Tobago]] dw6gjiax65ykbkqol1t1ew3ydq7kyka