Hak-kâ-ngî

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      <text bytes="8045" sha1="h2tio7plcgo7fbto3xnzl0ojy9bgsmk" xml:space="preserve">{{Hakka-TW|0|客家語}}
{{Infobox Language
|name= Hak-kâ-ngî
|nativename= Hak-kâ-ngî
|region= [[Hak-kâ thi-khî ]]
|states={{CHN}}&lt;br /&gt;{{TWN}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Yî-hâ koet-kâ lâu thi-khî ke [[Hak-kâ-ngìn]] sa khiùn'''：&lt;br/&gt;{{HKG}}&lt;br/&gt;{{SIN}} &lt;br /&gt;{{MAL}} &lt;br /&gt;{{IDN}}&lt;br/&gt;{{VNM}}&lt;br/&gt;{{THA}}&lt;br/&gt;{{IND}}&lt;br/&gt;{{JAM}}&lt;br/&gt;{{SUR}}&lt;br/&gt;{{MUS}} tén-tén [[Hak-kâ]] sa-khiùn chhi-kî thi-khî só sṳ́-yung. 
|speakers= 44,000,000 &lt;ref name = &quot;Hak-kâ fông-ngièn ke fûn-khî &quot;&gt;{{Cite book | author = Chhia Liù-vùn, Vòng Siet-chṳ̂n | title = Hak-kâ fông-ngièn ke fûn-khî | location = Pet-kîn | publisher = 《Fông-ngièn》 | date = 2007-08-24 | pages = 238-249 | ISBN =  | accessdate = 2014-12-29 | url = http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/FYZA200703015.htm | language = zh | quote = Kîn-kí 《Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet Hàng-chṳn Khî-va̍k Kién-chhak 》(2004), sṳ́-yung Hak-kâ-ngî ke ngìn-khiéu [[Kông-sî]] thai-yok 80-0van, [[Kóng-tûng]] thai-yok 2300-van, [[Fuk-kien]] thai-yok 300-van , [[Fù-nàm]] thai-yok 300 van, kâ sông [[Kóng-sî]], [[Si-chhôn]], [[Hói-nàm]], [[Thòi-vân]], [[Hiông-kóng]] khi̍p hói-ngoi [[Fà-ngìn]], fà yí ke Hak-kâ-ngî [[ngìn-khiéu]], chúng kie 4,400 van chó-yu | archive-date = 2014-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141229213323/http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/FYZA200703015.htm | dead-url = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date= 2007&lt;ref name = &quot;Hak-kâ fông-ngièn ke fûn-khî &quot; /&gt;
|rank= 30&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Top 100 Languages by Population|url=http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor= Sino-Tibetan
|fam1= [[Hon-chhông Ngî-hì]]
|fam2= [[Hon-ngî-chhu̍k]]
|fam3= [[Hak-kàm Ngî-kî]]
|script= [[Hon-sṳ]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ|Hak-ngî Pha̍k-fa-sṳ ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî Piâng-yîm Fông-on]] ([[Thòi vân]]) &lt;br /&gt; [[Hak-kâ fa piâng-yîm fông-on]] (Chûng-koet Yhai-liu̍k) &lt;br /&gt;[[:en:Hagfa Pinyim|Hak-ngî piâng-yîm]] ([[Hiông-kóng]]) 
|nation= {{ROC}}&lt;t一群傻逼想体现出自己傻逼客家话的优越感 搞你妈个外星人都不认识的傻逼文字出来 浪费资源 傻逼
-thú Ngî-ngièn Pó-yuk Hia̍p-fi]] (mìn-kiên kî-kèu, sat yû mióng-chhàm ki-liu̍k [[Hiông-kóng Hak-kâ-fa ]] lâu [[Vì-thèu-fa |Hiông-kóng Vì-thèu-fa]] chṳ̂ fat-yîm ) 
|iso3=hak
|glotto=hakk1236
|map=Idioma hakka.png
|mapcaption=Hak-kâ-ngî ke thûng-hàng fam-vì, kì ya-he [[Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k]] vì-yit yit-chak mu̍t-yû sat-sén ke [[Hon-ngî-chhu̍k ]] ngî-ngièn chhu̍k-khiùn 
}}
''' Hak-kâ-ngî''' ([[Hon-sṳ]]: 客家語t一群傻逼想体现出自己傻逼客家话的优越感 搞你妈个外星人都不认识的傻逼文字出来 浪费资源 傻逼
u̍t-sông, Hak-ngî yî [[Mòi-yen-fa]] cho thoi-péu; chhai Thoì-vân tú, [[Si-yen khiông]] he Hak-kâ-ngî ke kha khiòng-sṳ fông-ngièn.
&lt;br /&gt;

== Kién-kie  ==
===Su̍k-sin ===
Hak-kâ-ngî he [[Hon-chhu̍k]] [[Hak-kâ-ngìn]] ke mû-ngî, fûn-phu khî-vet tông kóng-fàm, pâu-koat yí [[Chûng-koet]] Thai-liu̍k tûng-nàm yèn-hói, nàm-phu, sî-phu (li-yì [[Si-chhôn]]) ke sén-fun, [[Hói-nàm]], [[Hiông-kóng]] [[Sîn-kie]], [[Thòi-vân]], hói-ngoi Hak-kâ-ngìn yì-mìn thi-khî  (yì [[Mô-lî-khiù-sṳ̂]], [[Yin-thu]], [[Mâ-lòi-sî-â]], [[Sâ-pâ-chû]] tén-tén) . Pí-káu si̍p-chûng ke chûng-sîm vùn-fa-khî he [[Kóng-tûng-sén]] tûng-pet phu (chit [[Ye̍t-tûng]], [[Ye̍t-pet]]), [[Kông-sî]] ke nàm-phu ([[Kàm-nàm]]), [[Fuk-kien]] ke sî-phu (chit [[Mên-sî]]), liá-têu thi-khî thúng chhṳ̂n-cho Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm sâm-kok thi-tai, ya ôn-to Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm piê-khî.

=== Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap===
Yîn-vi “Hak-kâ” liá-chak hêm-fap pin-mò liù-hàng yî yit-têu thi-kî, ku-só Hak-kâ-ngî yû mò-séu phe̍t-ke hêm-fap. Lie̍t-péu yì-hâ poi:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;width:105px&quot;&gt;Hêm-fap&lt;/div&gt;||&lt;div style=&quot;width:105px&quot;&gt;Fûn-phu thi-khî&lt;/div&gt;||&lt;div style=&quot;width:105px&quot;&gt;Hêm-fap yù-lòi&lt;/div&gt;||Fu-chu
|-
||Hak-kâ-fa||Kóng-tûng tûng-phu, pet-phu; Fuk-kien sî-phu, Kông-sî sî-nàm phu tén|| siên-yû “Hak-kâ-ngìn” hêm-fap, heu yû “Hak-kâ-ngî” hêm-fap||Chṳn-sṳt chhòng-ha̍p yin chhṳ̂n-vi Hak-kâ-ngî, Hak-ngî
|- 
||[[Ngâi-fa]]||Ye̍t-sî, Kui-nàm tén thi-khî||Yîn-vi thi-yit ngìn-chhṳ̂n vi Ngài (𠊎) yì tet-miàng &lt;ref name=&quot;Kóng-tûng-fa Ngiên-kiu&quot;&gt;Men Van-chhûn. Shám-sî sông-lo̍k “Kóng-tûng-fa” ngî-yîm ngiên-kiu [J]. Yèn-ôn Thai-ho̍k Ho̍k-po (Sa-fi Khô-ho̍k pán), 2008, 30(05), 100-103.&lt;/ref&gt;||
|-
||[[Sîn-mìn-fa]]||Kóng-sî||Siông-tui yî [[Chong-chhu̍k]] lâu [[Ye̍t-chhu̍k-ngìn]], [[Hak-kâ-ngìn]] he sîn yì-mìn, só-yî tông-thi-ngìn ôn-to Hak-kâ-ngî cho Sîn-mìn-fa|| 
|-
||[[Mak-ke-fa]]||Kóng-sî||Yin Hak-kâ-ngî  thi̍t-set chhṳ̀ “Mak-ke” yì-yèn tet-miàng {{r|Kóng-tûng-fa Ngiên-kiu}}||
|-
||[[Fài-yén-fa]]||Kóng-sî [[Thùng-kú-yen]] tén-thi, [[Fù-nàm]] [[Liù-yòng-sṳ]] tén phu-fun thi-khî||Yin [[Chhîn-chêu]] Hak-sit-ngìn ngi̍p-sit fài-yén tû yì tet-miàng &lt;ref&gt;Lai Vùn-fûng. Nèn-chiu Fài-yén-ngìn Yen-ngièn Hi-kháu [J].  Nî-chhûn Ho̍k-yen Ho̍k-po, 2005. (03).&lt;/ref&gt;||Yit-pân chṳ́-ke he Hak-ngî Thùng-kú phién.
|-
||[[Hak-siang-fa]]||Fù-nàm||Ngièn-yî khì-thâ mìn-hì tui Hak-kâ-ngî ke hêm-fap||Liù-yòng tông-thi Hak-kâ-ngìn ya chhṳ-chhṳ̂n Hak-siang-ngìn  
|-
||[[Ye̍t-tûng-fa]]||Thoì-vân||[[Thoì-vân Ngit-kí Sṳ̀-khì]], Sit-kon [[Kóng-tûng-sén]] ke Thoì-vân thú-mìn pûn ki-chai cho “Ye̍t-sit” fe̍t-chá “Ye̍t-tûng-ngìn”, só-yung ngî-ngièn fûn ôn-to “Ye̍t-tûng-ngî ”，“Ye̍t-tûng” yì  “Kóng-tûng” ||Hien-thoi Thoì-vân yí-kîn séu-yung liá-chúng hêm-fap
|}

=== Thi̍t-sû chok-yung  ===
== Li̍t-sṳ́ ==
== Hien-chhong ==
=== Hói-ngoi  ===
== Fông-ngièn ==
===Thoi-péu  ===
Ngî-ngièn ho̍k-kât一群傻逼想体现出自己傻逼客家话的优越感 搞你妈个外星人都不认识的傻逼文字出来 浪费资源 傻逼
su sṳ́-yong fî Mòi-yen-fa ke Hak-kâ-ngìn yit-pân m-voi kóng Mòi-yen-fa，sim-tsṳ lâu kóng Mòi-yen-fa ke ngìn kâu-liù sṳ̀ hàn-yû yit-têu kêu-thûng tsông-ngoi.

=== fûn-phién ===
Hak-kâ-ngî tshai 《tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-tshak》 tú fûn-va̍k tso pat-phién：[[Ye̍t-thòi-phién]]，[[Ye̍t-tsûng-phién]]，[[Fi-tsû-phién]]，[[Ye̍t-pet-phién]]，[[Thîn-tsû-phiét一群傻逼想体现出自己傻逼客家话的优越感 搞你妈个外星人都不认识的傻逼文字出来 浪费资源 傻逼
àn-yû yit-têu mò fûn-phién ke Hak-kâ-ngî fông-ngièn，hó-tshiong Ye̍t-sî，Kui-tûng-nàm，si-tshôn tén thi-khî ke Hak-kâ-ngî&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù&quot;&gt; Lí-yùng，Yùng-tsin-fî，Tsông-tsin-hîn tén. Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-si̍p. Hiông-kóng：Lóng-vùn tshut-pán (Yén-tûng) yû-han kûng-sṳ̂,1987&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Fûn-phu ==

== Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt ==
*Hak-kâ-ngî chhòn-thúng sṳ́-yung [[Hon-sṳ]], fûn-phu vù-fap-thu kháu-chhat châng-sṳ ke péu-tha̍t vông-vông yung thùng-yîm sṳ thoi-thi; 
*Chûng-koet That一群傻逼想体现出自己傻逼客家话的优越感 搞你妈个外星人都不认识的傻逼文字出来 浪费资源 傻逼
 [[Ket-sî-yen]]), [[Thai-phû-yen]], [[Sông-hông-yen]], [[Sân-thèu]] lâu Thòi-vân vi-chú sṳ́-yung [[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]];
*Thòi-vân thi-khî yung-yî vi Hak-kâ-ngî chu-yîm ke he [[Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm]] (toi11 van11 hag2 ngi24 tung24 iung55 pin24 im24), heu-lòi yu kói-chin vi [[Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on]]。

==Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Chhâm-siòng ==
* http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html
{{Hak-kâ}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ngî-ngièn]]
[[Category:Hak-kâ Vùn-fa]]
[[Category:Hak-kâ-ngî]]
[[Category:Ngî-ngièn]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>37297</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Chhí-sêu yù [[Special:Contributions/~2026-48168-36|~2026-48168-36]] （[[User talk:~2026-48168-36|tui-fa]]） só chok-chhut ke siû-thin [[Special:Diff/134583|134583]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="10790" sha1="rr7p5nlzn4owao68udg518ziyod0nag" xml:space="preserve">{{Hakka-TW|0|客家語}}
{{Infobox Language
|name= Hak-kâ-ngî
|nativename= Hak-kâ-ngî
|region= [[Hak-kâ thi-khî ]]
|states={{CHN}}&lt;br /&gt;{{TWN}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Yî-hâ koet-kâ lâu thi-khî ke [[Hak-kâ-ngìn]] sa khiùn'''：&lt;br/&gt;{{HKG}}&lt;br/&gt;{{SIN}} &lt;br /&gt;{{MAL}} &lt;br /&gt;{{IDN}}&lt;br/&gt;{{VNM}}&lt;br/&gt;{{THA}}&lt;br/&gt;{{IND}}&lt;br/&gt;{{JAM}}&lt;br/&gt;{{SUR}}&lt;br/&gt;{{MUS}} tén-tén [[Hak-kâ]] sa-khiùn chhi-kî thi-khî só sṳ́-yung. 
|speakers= 44,000,000 &lt;ref name = &quot;Hak-kâ fông-ngièn ke fûn-khî &quot;&gt;{{Cite book | author = Chhia Liù-vùn, Vòng Siet-chṳ̂n | title = Hak-kâ fông-ngièn ke fûn-khî | location = Pet-kîn | publisher = 《Fông-ngièn》 | date = 2007-08-24 | pages = 238-249 | ISBN =  | accessdate = 2014-12-29 | url = http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/FYZA200703015.htm | language = zh | quote = Kîn-kí 《Chûng-fà Ngìn-mìn Khiung-fò-koet Hàng-chṳn Khî-va̍k Kién-chhak 》(2004), sṳ́-yung Hak-kâ-ngî ke ngìn-khiéu [[Kông-sî]] thai-yok 80-0van, [[Kóng-tûng]] thai-yok 2300-van, [[Fuk-kien]] thai-yok 300-van , [[Fù-nàm]] thai-yok 300 van, kâ sông [[Kóng-sî]], [[Si-chhôn]], [[Hói-nàm]], [[Thòi-vân]], [[Hiông-kóng]] khi̍p hói-ngoi [[Fà-ngìn]], fà yí ke Hak-kâ-ngî [[ngìn-khiéu]], chúng kie 4,400 van chó-yu | archive-date = 2014-12-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141229213323/http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/Article/FYZA200703015.htm | dead-url = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|date= 2007&lt;ref name = &quot;Hak-kâ fông-ngièn ke fûn-khî &quot; /&gt;
|rank= 30&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Top 100 Languages by Population|url=http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor= Sino-Tibetan
|fam1= [[Hon-chhông Ngî-hì]]
|fam2= [[Hon-ngî-chhu̍k]]
|fam3= [[Hak-kàm Ngî-kî]]
|script= [[Hon-sṳ]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ|Hak-ngî Pha̍k-fa-sṳ ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî Piâng-yîm Fông-on]] ([[Thòi vân]]) &lt;br /&gt; [[Hak-kâ fa piâng-yîm fông-on]] (Chûng-koet Yhai-liu̍k) &lt;br /&gt;[[:en:Hagfa Pinyim|Hak-ngî piâng-yîm]] ([[Hiông-kóng]]) 
|nation= {{ROC}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2297609 「客家基本法」三讀 客語列國家語言]&lt;/ref&gt;
|minority = {{ROC}} fap-thin thai-chung kâu-thûng kûng-khí-pô po-yung ngî-ngièn chṳ̂-yit &lt;ref name=&quot;fading&quot;&gt;《[[:s:Thai-chung yun-sû kûng-khí pô-yîm ngî-ngièn phìn-tén pó-chong fap |Thai-chung yun-sû kûng-khí pô-yîm ngî-ngièn phìn-tén pó-chong fap]]》：“Thai-chung yun-sû kûng-khí chhù Koet-ngî ngoi, nang yin yî [[Mên-nàm-ngî ]], Hak-kâ-ngî pô-yîm . ” Mìn-koet 89-ngièn ( 2000-ngièn ) 3-ngie̍t 31-ngit li̍p-fap &lt;/ref&gt;
|agency= {{ROC}} [[Chûng-fà Mìn-koet Hak-kâ Vî-yèn-fi|Hak-kâ Vî-yèn-fi]]&lt;br /&gt; (kiùn-han [[Thòi-vân thi-khî]], fî khiòng-chṳ-sin kî-kèu) &lt;ref&gt; Chiet-chṳ 2005-ngièn 9-ngie̍t, [[Hàng-chṳn-yen Hak-kâ Ve-yèn-fi |Hàng-chṳn-yen Hak-kâ Ve-yèn-fi ]] tui ńg-chúng Thòi-vân Hak-kâ ngî ke sòng-yung sṳ chhṳ̀ chok liáu thu̍k-yîm, yung-sṳ kûi-fam, liá-chúng kûi-fam sṳ̂-hàng yî [[Hak-kâ-ngî ngièn nèn-li̍t ngin-chṳn kháu-sṳ ]] chûng, than put tui ngit-sòng sṳ́-yung chin-hàng khiòng-chṳ . &lt;br /&gt; Chhù Hak-ve-fi ngoi, [[Hiông-kóng chhùng-chang chúng-fi ]], [[Kóng-tûng-sén kau-yuk-thâng ]], [[Thòi-vân ngî-vùn ho̍k-fi ]], [[Chûng-fà Mìn-koet Kau-yuk-phu ]] tén kî-kèu yi̍t chin-hàng liáu yit-têu kûi-fam , than tû mò tha̍t-to chang-yîm chang-sṳ ke kô-thu .&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{HKG}} [[Hiông-kóng pún-thú ngî-ngièn pó-yuk hia̍p-fi |Pún-thú Ngî-ngièn Pó-yuk Hia̍p-fi]] (mìn-kiên kî-kèu, sat yû mióng-chhàm ki-liu̍k [[Hiông-kóng Hak-kâ-fa ]] lâu [[Vì-thèu-fa |Hiông-kóng Vì-thèu-fa]] chṳ̂ fat-yîm ) 
|iso3=hak
|glotto=hakk1236
|map=Idioma hakka.png
|mapcaption=Hak-kâ-ngî ke thûng-hàng fam-vì, kì ya-he [[Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k]] vì-yit yit-chak mu̍t-yû sat-sén ke [[Hon-ngî-chhu̍k ]] ngî-ngièn chhu̍k-khiùn 
}}
''' Hak-kâ-ngî''' ([[Hon-sṳ]]: 客家語, me ôn-to '''Hak-kâ-fa''', kán-chhṳ̂n Hak-Ngî) he [[Hon-ngî-chhu̍k]] hâ-poi ke [[ngî-ngièn]] chû-yit, yû chhêu-ko si-chhiên van-ngìn sṳ́-yung. Hak-ngì yû kí chûng, fûn m̀-thùng thi̍t set. Yung Hak-ngì-chá kîn-chhoî [[Chûng-koet]] nàm fông kí sén: [[Kóng-tûng]], [[Fuk-kien]], [[Kông-sî]], [[Kóng-sî]], [[Si-chhôn]], [[Fù-nàm]], [[Kui-chû]], [[Hoí-nám]] taú lâu [[Thoì-vân]]. Chhoî fà-thi chû ngoi, yû tông-tô koet-kâ tû yû hiaú-kóng Hak-ngì kai yung-chá hi kî-mìn. [[Yîn-koet]] fò khì thâ [[Eû-chû]] koet-ga, [[Mî-koet]], [[Fî-chû]], Nàm [[Thai-phìn-yòng]], [[Yin-thu]], [[Fî-lṳ̍t-pîn]], [[Mâ-loì-sî-â]], [[Àu-chiu]] tén thi fông tû yû. Ho̍k-su̍t-sông, Hak-ngî yî [[Mòi-yen-fa]] cho thoi-péu; chhai Thoì-vân tú, [[Si-yen khiông]] he Hak-kâ-ngî ke kha khiòng-sṳ fông-ngièn.
&lt;br /&gt;

== Kién-kie  ==
===Su̍k-sin ===
Hak-kâ-ngî he [[Hon-chhu̍k]] [[Hak-kâ-ngìn]] ke mû-ngî, fûn-phu khî-vet tông kóng-fàm, pâu-koat yí [[Chûng-koet]] Thai-liu̍k tûng-nàm yèn-hói, nàm-phu, sî-phu (li-yì [[Si-chhôn]]) ke sén-fun, [[Hói-nàm]], [[Hiông-kóng]] [[Sîn-kie]], [[Thòi-vân]], hói-ngoi Hak-kâ-ngìn yì-mìn thi-khî  (yì [[Mô-lî-khiù-sṳ̂]], [[Yin-thu]], [[Mâ-lòi-sî-â]], [[Sâ-pâ-chû]] tén-tén) . Pí-káu si̍p-chûng ke chûng-sîm vùn-fa-khî he [[Kóng-tûng-sén]] tûng-pet phu (chit [[Ye̍t-tûng]], [[Ye̍t-pet]]), [[Kông-sî]] ke nàm-phu ([[Kàm-nàm]]), [[Fuk-kien]] ke sî-phu (chit [[Mên-sî]]), liá-têu thi-khî thúng chhṳ̂n-cho Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm sâm-kok thi-tai, ya ôn-to Mên-Ye̍t-Kàm piê-khî.

=== Phe̍t-ke Hêm-fap===
Yîn-vi “Hak-kâ” liá-chak hêm-fap pin-mò liù-hàng yî yit-têu thi-kî, ku-só Hak-kâ-ngî yû mò-séu phe̍t-ke hêm-fap. Lie̍t-péu yì-hâ poi:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;width:105px&quot;&gt;Hêm-fap&lt;/div&gt;||&lt;div style=&quot;width:105px&quot;&gt;Fûn-phu thi-khî&lt;/div&gt;||&lt;div style=&quot;width:105px&quot;&gt;Hêm-fap yù-lòi&lt;/div&gt;||Fu-chu
|-
||Hak-kâ-fa||Kóng-tûng tûng-phu, pet-phu; Fuk-kien sî-phu, Kông-sî sî-nàm phu tén|| siên-yû “Hak-kâ-ngìn” hêm-fap, heu yû “Hak-kâ-ngî” hêm-fap||Chṳn-sṳt chhòng-ha̍p yin chhṳ̂n-vi Hak-kâ-ngî, Hak-ngî
|- 
||[[Ngâi-fa]]||Ye̍t-sî, Kui-nàm tén thi-khî||Yîn-vi thi-yit ngìn-chhṳ̂n vi Ngài (𠊎) yì tet-miàng &lt;ref name=&quot;Kóng-tûng-fa Ngiên-kiu&quot;&gt;Men Van-chhûn. Shám-sî sông-lo̍k “Kóng-tûng-fa” ngî-yîm ngiên-kiu [J]. Yèn-ôn Thai-ho̍k Ho̍k-po (Sa-fi Khô-ho̍k pán), 2008, 30(05), 100-103.&lt;/ref&gt;||
|-
||[[Sîn-mìn-fa]]||Kóng-sî||Siông-tui yî [[Chong-chhu̍k]] lâu [[Ye̍t-chhu̍k-ngìn]], [[Hak-kâ-ngìn]] he sîn yì-mìn, só-yî tông-thi-ngìn ôn-to Hak-kâ-ngî cho Sîn-mìn-fa|| 
|-
||[[Mak-ke-fa]]||Kóng-sî||Yin Hak-kâ-ngî  thi̍t-set chhṳ̀ “Mak-ke” yì-yèn tet-miàng {{r|Kóng-tûng-fa Ngiên-kiu}}||
|-
||[[Fài-yén-fa]]||Kóng-sî [[Thùng-kú-yen]] tén-thi, [[Fù-nàm]] [[Liù-yòng-sṳ]] tén phu-fun thi-khî||Yin [[Chhîn-chêu]] Hak-sit-ngìn ngi̍p-sit fài-yén tû yì tet-miàng &lt;ref&gt;Lai Vùn-fûng. Nèn-chiu Fài-yén-ngìn Yen-ngièn Hi-kháu [J].  Nî-chhûn Ho̍k-yen Ho̍k-po, 2005. (03).&lt;/ref&gt;||Yit-pân chṳ́-ke he Hak-ngî Thùng-kú phién.
|-
||[[Hak-siang-fa]]||Fù-nàm||Ngièn-yî khì-thâ mìn-hì tui Hak-kâ-ngî ke hêm-fap||Liù-yòng tông-thi Hak-kâ-ngìn ya chhṳ-chhṳ̂n Hak-siang-ngìn  
|-
||[[Ye̍t-tûng-fa]]||Thoì-vân||[[Thoì-vân Ngit-kí Sṳ̀-khì]], Sit-kon [[Kóng-tûng-sén]] ke Thoì-vân thú-mìn pûn ki-chai cho “Ye̍t-sit” fe̍t-chá “Ye̍t-tûng-ngìn”, só-yung ngî-ngièn fûn ôn-to “Ye̍t-tûng-ngî ”，“Ye̍t-tûng” yì  “Kóng-tûng” ||Hien-thoi Thoì-vân yí-kîn séu-yung liá-chúng hêm-fap
|}

=== Thi̍t-sû chok-yung  ===
== Li̍t-sṳ́ ==
== Hien-chhong ==
=== Hói-ngoi  ===
== Fông-ngièn ==
===Thoi-péu  ===
Ngî-ngièn ho̍k-kâ yit-pân tsiông Kóng-tûng [[Mòi-yen-fa]] khon-tso Hak-kâ-ngî ke tién-hìn thoi-péu&lt;ref&gt;Tshia-yún-tshông. Kú-hon-ngî ke “fa̍t-fa-sa̍k”——Hak-kâ-fa（Kiâm-lun Hak-kâ-fông-ngièn yî Mòi-yen-fa vì thoi-péu ke yèn-yù）[J]. Kâ-yin-thai-ho̍k ho̍k-po（sâ-fi-khô-ho̍k）,1997,(5),102-107.&lt;/ref&gt;. Tshai Thòi-vân，tshiu yî [[Si-yen-fa]] vì tién-hìn thoi-péu （kì lâu Mòi-yen-fa yû tông-tô siông-thùng），thai-tsong yun-sû tú ke Hak-kâ-ngî kóng-po sṳ́-yung ke thai-tô he kî. m-ko pin-mò sùn-tshai yit-tsak kông-yin ke pêu-tsún khéu-yîm. Sûi-yèn Mòi-yen-fa he Hak-kâ-ngî thoi-péu，m-ko，mìn-kiên tui “Mòi-yen-fa tsok-vì Hak-kâ-ngî pêu-tsún-yîm”khiet-fap ngin-thùng，tô-su sṳ́-yong fî Mòi-yen-fa ke Hak-kâ-ngìn yit-pân m-voi kóng Mòi-yen-fa，sim-tsṳ lâu kóng Mòi-yen-fa ke ngìn kâu-liù sṳ̀ hàn-yû yit-têu kêu-thûng tsông-ngoi.

=== fûn-phién ===
Hak-kâ-ngî tshai 《tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-tshak》 tú fûn-va̍k tso pat-phién：[[Ye̍t-thòi-phién]]，[[Ye̍t-tsûng-phién]]，[[Fi-tsû-phién]]，[[Ye̍t-pet-phién]]，[[Thîn-tsû-phién]]，[[Nèn-liùng-phién]]，[[Yî-kui-phién]]，[[Thùng-kú-phién]]。Tshù-hôi song-poi só-kóng ke pat-phién，hàn-yû yit-têu mò fûn-phién ke Hak-kâ-ngî fông-ngièn，hó-tshiong Ye̍t-sî，Kui-tûng-nàm，si-tshôn tén thi-khî ke Hak-kâ-ngî&lt;ref name=&quot;Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù&quot;&gt; Lí-yùng，Yùng-tsin-fî，Tsông-tsin-hîn tén. Tsûng-koet-ngî-ngièn-thi-thù-si̍p. Hiông-kóng：Lóng-vùn tshut-pán (Yén-tûng) yû-han kûng-sṳ̂,1987&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Fûn-phu ==

== Chu-yîm lâu Sû-siá hìn-sṳt ==
*Hak-kâ-ngî chhòn-thúng sṳ́-yung [[Hon-sṳ]], fûn-phu vù-fap-thu kháu-chhat châng-sṳ ke péu-tha̍t vông-vông yung thùng-yîm sṳ thoi-thi; 
*Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k Kóng-tûng-sén yû thôi-chhut [[Hak-kâ-fa Piâng-yîm Fông-on]], m̀-ko tân-chhiang yung chhai [[Mòi-yen-fa]]；
*[[Yîn-koet Chóng-ló-fi Chhâi-fi]] chhai Hak-kâ-ngî thi-khî, tông-chhièn yî Ńg-kîn-fu (五經富, kîm-ha su̍k-yî Kóng-tûng-sén [[Ket-sî-yen]]), [[Thai-phû-yen]], [[Sông-hông-yen]], [[Sân-thèu]] lâu Thòi-vân vi-chú sṳ́-yung [[Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]];
*Thòi-vân thi-khî yung-yî vi Hak-kâ-ngî chu-yîm ke he [[Thòi-vân Hak-ngî Thûng-yung piâng-yîm]] (toi11 van11 hag2 ngi24 tung24 iung55 pin24 im24), heu-lòi yu kói-chin vi [[Thòi-vân Hak-kâ-ngî piâng-yîm fông-on]]。

==Chhâm-kháu Vùn-hien ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Chhâm-siòng ==
* http://taigu.fhl.net/Iahap/old.html
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