Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7368 839149 690218 2026-05-22T21:01:37Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Maroko zuwa magrib 839149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Fes-Morocco 58.jpg|thumb|moroko]] [[File:Ouzoud waterfalls In spring-Morocco.jpg|thumb|tsaunuka masu zubar da ruwa a moroko]] '''Maroko''' ko '''Magrib''' [[Larabci]] المغرب , (Al-Magrib) (ma'ana mafadar rana ko yamma). A yaren [[Abzinawa]], kuma '''ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ''' [[Faransanci]] '''Moroc''', cikaken sunan ƙasar shine '''Masarautar Maroko.''' da yaren Abzinanci ko kuma ''Berber'' ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ da [[Larabci]] kuma المملكة المغربية‎ ''Al-mamlaka al-magrabiyya'' ƙasa ce dake, bin tsarin mulki salon sarauta dake Arewacin Afrika. Ƙasa ce ta asalin yan ƙabilar Abzinawa. Ƙasar Maroko ta kasance tana da dogayen tsaunuka da kuma [[Sahara]]. Ƙasar ta yi iyaka da [[Tekun Patigi|tekun]] mediterranean daga Arewaci, sai kuma tekun Atlantic daga yamma, sai kuma wajen ƙasar tayi iyaka da ƙasar Aljeriya daga Gabas. [[File:King Mohammed V of Morocco.png|thumb|Sarki Muhammad na moroko a ƙarnin baya]] Al'ummar ƙasar Maroko yakai kimanin miliyan talatin da bakwai (37 million) kuma tana da adadin fadin ƙasa kimanin da yakai kilomita (710,550) [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2?locations=MA] (sukwaya mil 172 410). Babban birnin tarayyar ƙasar shine [[Rabat]], kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar shine Kasablanka. Sauran birane masu girma sun haɗa da Marrakeah, Tangier, Sale, Fea da kuma Meknes.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco</ref><ref>https://www.lonelyplanet.com/morocco/background/history/a/nar/7e7657b4-cf1c-4ffd-8620-41f81fb9fe93/355491</ref> == Hotuna: == [[File:Tour Hassan-Rabat.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Hasumiyar Hassan a Rabat (Morocco)]] [[File:Fes-Morocco 67.jpg|thumb|wasu kofofin moroko a wani karni]] [[File:Moroccan green salad.jpg|thumb|Kayan abincin na ganye na moroko]] <gallery> File:Assilah_Waterfront2.jpg|Assilah File:Casablanca_-_Morocco_008.jpg|Birnin Casablanca File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg|Coat of Arms File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|Tutar kasar File:Caravan in the desert.jpg|Hamadan sahara cike da rakuma a cikin kasar Maroko File:Morocco Africa Flickr Rosino December 2005 84514010.jpg|Kyawun sahara ada tsakar rana File:Faro del cabo Espartel, Marruecos, 2015-12-11, DD 02.JPG|Gida a bakin teku a kasar Maroko File:Traditional Moroccan shoes called "babouches".JPG|Takalman gargajiya a kasar Maroko File:Spanish landing at Larache (Morocco) in 1860.jpg|Kasar Maroko a shekaran 1860 File:Tbourida Moroccan folklore fantasy.jpg|A'ada a kasar Maroko </gallery>Yaren '''Berber''' ko Abzinanci shine babban yare kuma mai asali a ƙasar kafin Larabci da ya shigo bayan mamayar da larabawa sukayi ma ƙasar. [[Musulunci]] ne babban addini na kasar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maroko}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] dbchpxgchz4ztxp6ca2jr2rthejrqf9 839151 839149 2026-05-22T21:05:13Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Gyara rubutu 839151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Fes-Morocco 58.jpg|thumb|moroko]] [[File:Ouzoud waterfalls In spring-Morocco.jpg|thumb|tsaunuka masu zubar da ruwa a moroko]] '''Maroko''' ko '''Magrib''' [[Larabci]] المغرب , (Al-Magrib) (ma'ana mafadar rana ko yamma). A yaren [[Abzinawa]], kuma '''ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ''' [[Faransanci]] '''Moroc''', cikaken sunan ƙasar shine '''Masarautar Maroko.''' da yaren Abzinanci ko kuma ''Berber'' ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ da [[Larabci]] kuma المملكة المغربية‎ ''Al-mamlaka al-magrabiyya'' ƙasa ce dake bin tsarin mulkin salon sarauta dake Arewacin Afrika. Ƙasa ce ta asalin yan ƙabilar Abzinawa. Ƙasar Maroko ta kasance tana da dogayen tsaunuka da kuma [[Sahara]]. Ƙasar ta yi iyaka da [[Tekun Patigi|tekun]] mediterranean daga Arewaci, sai kuma tekun Atlantic daga yamma, sai kuma wajen ƙasar tayi iyaka da ƙasar Aljeriya daga Gabas. [[File:King Mohammed V of Morocco.png|thumb|Sarki Muhammad na moroko a ƙarnin baya]] Al'ummar ƙasar Maroko yakai kimanin miliyan talatin da bakwai (37 million) kuma tana da adadin fadin ƙasa kimanin da yakai kilomita (710,550) [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2?locations=MA] (sukwaya mil 172 410). Babban birnin tarayyar ƙasar shine [[Rabat]], kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar shine Kasablanka. Sauran birane masu girma sun haɗa da Marrakeah, Tangier, Sale, Fea da kuma Meknes.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco</ref><ref>https://www.lonelyplanet.com/morocco/background/history/a/nar/7e7657b4-cf1c-4ffd-8620-41f81fb9fe93/355491</ref> == Hotuna: == [[File:Tour Hassan-Rabat.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Hasumiyar Hassan a Rabat (Morocco)]] [[File:Fes-Morocco 67.jpg|thumb|wasu kofofin moroko a wani karni]] [[File:Moroccan green salad.jpg|thumb|Kayan abincin na ganye na moroko]] <gallery> File:Assilah_Waterfront2.jpg|Assilah File:Casablanca_-_Morocco_008.jpg|Birnin Casablanca File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg|Coat of Arms File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|Tutar kasar File:Caravan in the desert.jpg|Hamadan sahara cike da rakuma a cikin kasar Maroko File:Morocco Africa Flickr Rosino December 2005 84514010.jpg|Kyawun sahara ada tsakar rana File:Faro del cabo Espartel, Marruecos, 2015-12-11, DD 02.JPG|Gida a bakin teku a kasar Maroko File:Traditional Moroccan shoes called "babouches".JPG|Takalman gargajiya a kasar Maroko File:Spanish landing at Larache (Morocco) in 1860.jpg|Kasar Maroko a shekaran 1860 File:Tbourida Moroccan folklore fantasy.jpg|A'ada a kasar Maroko </gallery>Yaren '''Berber''' ko Abzinanci shine babban yare kuma mai asali a ƙasar kafin Larabci da ya shigo bayan mamayar da larabawa sukayi ma ƙasar. [[Musulunci]] ne babban addini na kasar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maroko}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] md2m22pqvlq1qek3nok0eqd0oh44h8h 0 7422 839044 822219 2026-05-22T14:34:03Z Usmanmaifada 20279 /* Rayuwar sa */ 839044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bashir Usman Tofa''' ko kuma '''Bashir Othman Tofa;''' Dan [[siyasa]] ne a [[Najeriya]]. [[Musulmi]] kuma [[Kanuri]] wanda ya taso a birnin [[Kano]], Tofa shi ne ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar ''National Republican Convention (NRC)'' a zaɓen da gwamnatin soja ta [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta shirya a shekara ta 1993. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga Janairun, shekara ta 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. == Rayuwar sa == An haifi Bashir Usman tofa a Kano a ranar 20, ga watan [[Yuni]] na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai ( 1947) miladiyya. Yayi makarantar firamare ta Shahuci Junior primary school [[Kano]], sai ya cigaba da karatu a makarantar City Senior Primary School a birnin na Kano. Tsakanin shekara ta 1962-1966 ne , ya halarci makarantar Provincial College Kano. Bayan kammala karatu a wannan makarantar ne ya fara aiki da kamfanin ''Royal Exchange Insurance'' tsakanin shekara ta 1967-1968. Daga shekara ta 1970 zuwa shekara ta 1973 ya je makarantar ''City London College'' Tofa ya shiga harkar [[siyasa]] ne a shekara ta 1977 lokacin da yayi Kamsila a mazabar [[Dawakin Tofa]]. Sai aka sake zabarsa mamba a majalisar jaha. A jamhuriya ta biyu ne Tofa ya zama sakataren jam'iyyar NPN a [[jihar Kano]] har na wasu lokuta. Sannan kuma ya zama sakataren kudi na jam'iyyar . A jamhuriya ta uku (3) kuma , Tofa ya hade da jam'iyyar NRC a shekara ta 1990. A 1993 lokacin Janar Badamasi Babangida yana shugaban soja a [[Najeriya]] ne ya shirya tare da gabatar da tsari '''OPTION A4''', aka zabi Tofa a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa mai wakiltar [[kano]] kuma ya kayar da Pere Ajunwa da Joe Nwodu da [[Dalhatu] Sarki Tafida] a zaben fidda gwani inda ya dauki tikitin yima jam'iyyar ta NRC takara. Tofa ya yi takara da Sylvesta Ugo a matsayin mataimakin sa. Tofa yayi rashin nasara a zaben hannun Moshood Kaahimawo Olawole Abiola, bayarbe daga yankin yammacin kasar. Amma daga bisani gwamnatin ta Babangida bata fidda cikakken sakamakon zaɓen ba. Tofa kuma ɗan kasuwa ne , ɗan kasuwar Mai ne da kuma masana'antu. Shine shugaban kamfanin INTERNATIONAL PETRO-ENERGY COMPANY (IPEC) da kuma ABBA OTHMAN AND SONS LTD. kuma ya zama mamba a kungiyar Century Merchant Bank and General Metal Products. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga Janairu shekarar 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. {{Hujja}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tofa, Bashir Usman}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] ln8gqtgj5yoc1awzpv19dxykuf848hz 839045 839044 2026-05-22T14:35:01Z Usmanmaifada 20279 839045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bashir Usman Tofa''' ko kuma '''Bashir Othman Tofa;''' Dan [[siyasa]] ne a [[Najeriya]]. [[Musulmi]] kuma [[Kanuri]] wanda ya taso a birnin [[Kano]], Tofa shi ne ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar ''National Republican Convention (NRC)'' a zaɓen da gwamnatin soja ta [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta shirya a shekara ta 1993. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga [[Janairu|Janairun]], shekara ta 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. == Rayuwar sa == An haifi Bashir Usman tofa a Kano a ranar 20, ga watan [[Yuni]] na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai ( 1947) miladiyya. Yayi makarantar firamare ta Shahuci Junior primary school [[Kano]], sai ya cigaba da karatu a makarantar City Senior Primary School a birnin na Kano. Tsakanin shekara ta 1962-1966 ne , ya halarci makarantar Provincial College Kano. Bayan kammala karatu a wannan makarantar ne ya fara aiki da kamfanin ''Royal Exchange Insurance'' tsakanin shekara ta 1967-1968. Daga shekara ta 1970 zuwa shekara ta 1973 ya je makarantar ''City London College'' Tofa ya shiga harkar [[siyasa]] ne a shekara ta 1977 lokacin da yayi Kamsila a mazabar [[Dawakin Tofa]]. Sai aka sake zabarsa mamba a majalisar jaha. A jamhuriya ta biyu ne Tofa ya zama sakataren jam'iyyar NPN a [[jihar Kano]] har na wasu lokuta. Sannan kuma ya zama sakataren kudi na jam'iyyar . A jamhuriya ta uku (3) kuma , Tofa ya hade da jam'iyyar NRC a shekara ta 1990. A 1993 lokacin Janar Badamasi Babangida yana shugaban soja a [[Najeriya]] ne ya shirya tare da gabatar da tsari '''OPTION A4''', aka zabi Tofa a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa mai wakiltar [[kano]] kuma ya kayar da Pere Ajunwa da Joe Nwodu da [[Dalhatu] Sarki Tafida] a zaben fidda gwani inda ya dauki tikitin yima jam'iyyar ta NRC takara. Tofa ya yi takara da Sylvesta Ugo a matsayin mataimakin sa. Tofa yayi rashin nasara a zaben hannun Moshood Kaahimawo Olawole Abiola, bayarbe daga yankin yammacin kasar. Amma daga bisani gwamnatin ta Babangida bata fidda cikakken sakamakon zaɓen ba. Tofa kuma ɗan kasuwa ne , ɗan kasuwar Mai ne da kuma masana'antu. Shine shugaban kamfanin INTERNATIONAL PETRO-ENERGY COMPANY (IPEC) da kuma ABBA OTHMAN AND SONS LTD. kuma ya zama mamba a kungiyar Century Merchant Bank and General Metal Products. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga Janairu shekarar 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. {{Hujja}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tofa, Bashir Usman}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] 1ap1qqf3y2uhebfrm4ofqmay25ddxrw 839046 839045 2026-05-22T14:36:14Z Usmanmaifada 20279 839046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bashir Usman Tofa''' ko kuma '''Bashir Othman Tofa;''' Dan [[siyasa]] ne a [[Najeriya]]. [[Musulmi]] kuma [[Kanuri]] wanda ya taso a birnin [[Kano]], Tofa shi ne ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar ''National Republican Convention (NRC)'' a zaɓen da gwamnatin soja ta [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta shirya a shekara ta 1993. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga [[Janairu|Janairun]], shekara ta 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. == Rayuwar sa == An haifi Bashir Usman tofa a Kano a ranar 20, ga watan [[Yuni]] na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai ( 1947) miladiyya. Yayi makarantar firamare ta Shahuci Junior primary school [[Kano]], sai ya cigaba da karatu a makarantar City Senior Primary School a birnin na Kano. Tsakanin shekara ta 1962-1966 ne , ya halarci makarantar Provincial College Kano. Bayan kammala karatu a wannan makarantar ne ya fara aiki da kamfanin ''Royal Exchange Insurance'' tsakanin shekara ta 1967-1968. Daga shekara ta 1970 zuwa shekara ta 1973 ya je makarantar ''City London College'' Tofa ya shiga harkar [[siyasa]] ne a shekara ta 1977 lokacin da yayi Kamsila a mazabar [[Dawakin Tofa]]. Sai aka sake zabarsa mamba a majalisar jaha. A jamhuriya ta biyu ne Tofa ya zama sakataren jam'iyyar NPN a [[jihar Kano]] har na wasu lokuta. Sannan kuma ya zama sakataren kudi na jam'iyyar . A jamhuriya ta uku (3) kuma , Tofa ya hade da jam'iyyar NRC a shekara ta 1990. A 1993 lokacin Janar Badamasi Babangida yana shugaban soja a [[Najeriya]] ne ya shirya tare da gabatar da tsari '''OPTION A4''', aka zabi Tofa a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa mai wakiltar [[kano]] kuma ya kayar da Pere Ajunwa da Joe Nwodu da [[Dalhatu] Sarki Tafida] a zaben fidda gwani inda ya dauki tikitin yima jam'iyyar ta NRC takara. Tofa ya yi takara da Sylvesta Ugo a matsayin mataimakin sa. Tofa yayi rashin nasara a zaben hannun Moshood Kaahimawo Olawole Abiola, bayarbe daga yankin yammacin kasar. Amma daga bisani gwamnatin ta Babangida bata fidda cikakken sakamakon zaɓen ba. Tofa kuma ɗan kasuwa ne , ɗan kasuwar Mai ne da kuma masana'antu. Shine shugaban kamfanin INTERNATIONAL PETRO-ENERGY COMPANY (IPEC) da kuma ABBA OTHMAN AND SONS LTD. kuma ya zama mamba a kungiyar Century Merchant Bank and General Metal Products. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga Janairu shekarar 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. {{Hujja}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tofa, Bashir Usman}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] aiz91ph6by5mdph9ozujtw1arth6nb1 839047 839046 2026-05-22T14:36:54Z Usmanmaifada 20279 /* Rayuwar sa */ 839047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bashir Usman Tofa''' ko kuma '''Bashir Othman Tofa;''' Dan [[siyasa]] ne a [[Najeriya]]. [[Musulmi]] kuma [[Kanuri]] wanda ya taso a birnin [[Kano]], Tofa shi ne ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar ''National Republican Convention (NRC)'' a zaɓen da gwamnatin soja ta [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ta shirya a shekara ta 1993. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga [[Janairu|Janairun]], shekara ta 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. == Rayuwar sa == An haifi Bashir Usman tofa a Kano a ranar 20, ga watan [[Yuni]] na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai ( 1947) miladiyya. Yayi makarantar firamare ta Shahuci Junior primary school [[Kano]], sai ya cigaba da karatu a makarantar City Senior Primary School a birnin na Kano. Tsakanin shekara ta 1962-1966 ne , ya halarci makarantar Provincial College Kano. Bayan kammala karatu a wannan makarantar ne ya fara aiki da kamfanin ''Royal Exchange Insurance'' tsakanin shekara ta 1967-1968. Daga shekara ta 1970 zuwa shekara ta 1973 ya je makarantar ''City London College'' Tofa ya shiga harkar [[siyasa]] ne a shekara ta 1977 lokacin da yayi Kamsila a mazabar [[Dawakin Tofa]]. Sai aka sake zabarsa mamba a majalisar jaha. A jamhuriya ta biyu ne Tofa ya zama sakataren jam'iyyar NPN a [[jihar Kano]] har na wasu lokuta. Sannan kuma ya zama sakataren kudi na jam'iyyar . A jamhuriya ta uku (3) kuma, Tofa ya hade da jam'iyyar NRC a shekara ta 1990. A 1993 lokacin Janar Badamasi Babangida yana shugaban soja a [[Najeriya]] ne ya shirya tare da gabatar da tsari '''OPTION A4''', aka zabi Tofa a matsayin dan takarar shugaban kasa mai wakiltar [[kano]] kuma ya kayar da Pere Ajunwa da Joe Nwodu da [[Dalhatu] Sarki Tafida] a zaben fidda gwani inda ya dauki tikitin yima jam'iyyar ta NRC takara. Tofa ya yi takara da Sylvesta Ugo a matsayin mataimakin sa. Tofa yayi rashin nasara a zaben hannun Moshood Kaahimawo Olawole Abiola, bayarbe daga yankin yammacin kasar. Amma daga bisani gwamnatin ta Babangida bata fidda cikakken sakamakon zaɓen ba. Tofa kuma ɗan kasuwa ne , ɗan kasuwar Mai ne da kuma masana'antu. Shine shugaban kamfanin INTERNATIONAL PETRO-ENERGY COMPANY (IPEC) da kuma ABBA OTHMAN AND SONS LTD. kuma ya zama mamba a kungiyar Century Merchant Bank and General Metal Products. Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga Janairu shekarar 2022 bayan gajeriyar rashin lafiya. {{Hujja}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tofa, Bashir Usman}} [[Category:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] 31hng8cr0dothckal0llnd5cigis334 0 8822 839118 626335 2026-05-22T19:59:59Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ m 839118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 060 Sallah festivities in Bauchi. Girls from a girls' school in green clothes (uniform) in a group between poles.jpg|thumb|Shagulgulan sallah]] [[Fayil:SHOLAT IDUL FITRI - DONI SAPUTRA.jpg|thumb]] '''Sallar Layya''', '''Babbar Sallah''', '''Eid al-Adha''' (larabci-ar|عيد الأضحى|ʿīd al-ʾaḍḥā|lit da turanci ''Feast of the Sacrifice''), kuma ana kiranta da "'''Sallar Yanka/Sallar yin layya'''", ta kasance biki na biyu da musulmai ke gudanarwa a duk faɗin duniya a kowace shekara, ɗayan bikin itace [[Sallar Idi Karam]], wasu na ganin wannan babbar ta fi daraja da falala a cikin biyun. Allah Subhanahu Wata'ala, ya karrama [[Annabi Ibrahim]] (A.S), bayan ya miƙa wuya agare shi a kan yarda da yanka ɗansa [[Annabi Ismail]] (A.S) domin bin umurnin da Allah Ya buƙace shi ya yi. Amma kafin [[Annabi Ibrahim]] ya yanka ɗan sa, sai Allah ya aiko da babban rago ya zama fansa ga Isma'il, sanadiyar haka ne ake yin yanka kuma ake raba naman gida uku, kaso daya, sadaka ga mabuƙata, na biyu a raba wa ƴan'uwa, na uku wanda ya yi layyar ya ci da iyalansa. [[File:Sallah Durba 2014.jpg|thumb|Bukukuwan Sallah]] A kalandar musulunci [[Islamic calendar|'Islamic lunar calendar']]. Ana so a canja hanya a yayin da mutum ke dawowa daga Sallar idi, wato a canza hanyar da aka bi zuwa sallar idin ya yin dawowa. ==Ranar Sallah== Sallar tana zuwa ne a kowane goma (10th) na watan [[Dhu al-Hijjah]]. A kuma kalandar duniya ta girigori ranar na canjawa a dukkanin shekara zuwa shekara, ta hanyar rage kwanaki goma sha daya (11) daga ta Hijira. [[File:Eid at nigeria.jpg|thumb|Yawon sallah]] [[File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 053 Sallah festivities in Bauchi. A praying group in white and light blue outside on a square in front of the Hadji Palace.jpg|thumb|Arfa]] [[File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 050 Sallah festivities in Bauchi. Order keepers in red-green-white clothing standing in front of a seated group outside.tif|thumb|masallacin idi]] [[File:Ram closeup.jpg|thumb|224x224px|ragon layya]] [[File:Eid Prayer Dhaka 1965.jpg|thumb|Hoton Yadda ake gudanar da sallar eid a fili]] [[File:Eid al-Fitr, Bandar Abbas - 2019 04.jpg|thumb|liyafar ranar sallah]] [[File:Camel market at Daraw in 2017, photo by Hatem moushir 22.jpg|thumb|hotln rakumi ya kwanta]] [[File:Goat & cow.jpg|thumb|tohon rago DA akuya]] '''Babbar sallah''' Rana ce mai dimbin tarihi a duniyar musulunci da misulmai wadda take zuwa bayan an yi sallah karama da wata 2 da kwanaki 10. Ranar babbar sallah rana ce wadda dimbin miliyoyin musulmin ke fitowa su je filin idi domin su hallarci sallar nafila raka'a biyu domin nuna godiya ga mahaliccinsu da nuna murnarsu a gare shi da ya ba su damar halattar wannan rana a tarihin rayuwarsu, a wannan ranar ana yanka abun layya abun da ya sawwaqa ga mutum daga rago, [[tunkiya]], [[bunsuru]], [[akuya]], [[saniya|sa]], [[shanu]], [[shanuwa]], [[rakumi]] amale, [[rakuma]]. Wadannan sune jinsin dabbobin wadanda ake layya dasu kuma [[rogo]] ya fi kowane daraja haka rakuma tafi kowannen su karancin daraja wato itace mai daraja ta can kasar. Akanko mutum ya yanka abun layyar sa ya Ciro wasu sassa acikin[[dabba]]</nowiki>r yafi kamar yadda sunnar manzon Allah (s.a.w) ta nuna. Yin layyar bin sunnar baban annabawane wato [[Annabi Ibrahim]] (a.s) kuma bin KO cika umarnin Allah be inda yake cewa " kayi sallah ga ubangijinka kuma kayi sukar rakumi (wato layyar). Ba'a siyarda manan layya haramunne wanda ya siyar yayi laifi agun Allah, domin Anaso awadatar DA kowa Ba anyi layya sai a rarraba wa mafi kusanci daman layyar musamman makwafta DA makusanta, domin wanda bayadashi yasamu domin ba'abakin cikin awannanan ranar Anaso kowa yaiyita nishidi DA wallala. A ranar babbar sallah akanje ziyara ta musamman ga makusanta DA makwafta domin tayasu murnar wannan Rana me matuqar girman daraja kamar yadda ake aiwatar a ranar karamar sallah. Wannan yawon yafi kebantuwa ga YARA DA wasu daga iyayen YARA musamman sabbin aure zuwa gidajen iyayensu domin tayasu murnar wannan Rana, haka amatayinka na wanda aka ziyarta yanada matukar kyau kabada barka da sallah (wato wani Dan ihsani na [[kidi]], [[nama]], [[cincin]], [[dabino]], ds-ds). Bayan ka zuba [[abinci]] sunci sunkoshi sai ayimusu wannan ihsani. Gudanar da bikin sallah babba ya banbanta kowacce kasar DA kuma kowacce al'adar DA yadda take aiwata danata bikin sallah baba DA karama, ya danganta DA yanayin al'adarsu. <ref>{{site news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/multimedia/2012/10/121026_eid_animals_market_gallery|date=26 October2012|accessdate=18 July2021|publishers=BBC Hausa|tittle=Babbar Sallah: Kasuwannin dabbobi na wucin gadi a Najeriya}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sallar Layya}} [[Category:Musulunci]] [[Category: Bukukuwan addini]] jqpqm7qdp6y0bf1bb5ynojqmqk62lmi 0 9585 839042 834265 2026-05-22T14:24:36Z Saad Nuhu 43323 839042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo 2018.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} [[File:Cristiano Ronaldo, 2010.jpg|thumb|'''Cristiano Ronaldo''']] [[Fayil:Argentine - Portugal - Cristiano Ronaldo.jpg|thumb|hoton ronaldo]] [[Fayil:2016 Escultura de Cristiano Ronaldo perante o seu museo de Funchal. Madeira. Portugal-24.jpg|thumb|hoton gunkin ronaldo]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo 2, 2010.jpg|thumb|hoton Rinaldo a Madrid]] [[Fayil:2019-20 Serie A - Torino v Juventus - Cristiano Ronaldo.jpg|thumb|ronaldo a juventus]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo Signature.svg|thumb|sa hanun Rinaldo]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo (cropped).jpg|thumb|hoton ronaldo]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo with Al Nassr, 19 September 2023 - 31.jpg|thumb|hoton a saudia]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo shoots.jpg|thumb|Hoton ronaldo a training]] [[Fayil:Cristiano-ronaldo-2491446 960 720.jpg|thumb|Ronaldo]] [[Fayil:Argentine - Portugal - Cristiano Ronaldo.jpg|thumb|Cristiano Ronaldo]] == Cristiano Ronaldo == '''Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Portugal wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafiya girman 'yan wasa a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya lashe kyautar Ballon d'Or sau biyar kuma ya kafa tarihin cin ƙwallaye mafi yawa a gasar UEFA Champions League da kuma a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasar Portugal. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo) |title=Cristiano Ronaldo Biography |website=Britannica |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_career_achievements_by_Cristiano_Ronaldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_career_achievements_by_Cristiano_Ronaldo) |title=List of career achievements by Cristiano Ronaldo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ronaldo a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1985 a birnin Funchal dake tsibirin Madeira na Portugal. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna bajinta wajen buga ƙwallo, inda ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar Andorinha kafin daga baya ya koma Nacional sannan Sporting CP. A lokacin yana da shekara 15 an gano yana da matsalar zuciya amma an yi masa tiyata kuma ya ci gaba da buga wasa cikin nasara. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo) |title=Cristiano Ronaldo Biography |website=Britannica |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwallon ƙafa == === Sporting CP === Ronaldo ya fara taka leda a babban ƙungiyar Sporting CP a shekarar 2002. Kwarewarsa ta sa manyan kungiyoyi na Turai suka fara neman sa, musamman bayan wani wasan sada zumunci tsakaninsu da Manchester United. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo) |title=Career of Cristiano Ronaldo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> === Manchester United === A shekarar 2003, Manchester United ta sayi Ronaldo akan kuɗi mafi tsada ga matashin ɗan wasa a Ingila a lokacin. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe kofunan Premier League da UEFA Champions League. A kakar 2007–08 ya ci ƙwallaye 42 kuma ya lashe Ballon d'Or na farko a rayuwarsa. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo) |title=Cristiano Ronaldo Biography |website=Britannica |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> === Real Madrid === A shekarar 2009 Ronaldo ya koma Real Madrid akan kuɗi mafi tsada a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin. A Madrid ya zama wanda ya fi kowa cin ƙwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar, inda ya zura ƙwallaye 450 a wasanni 438. Ya taimaka wajen lashe kofunan UEFA Champions League guda huɗu da kuma La Liga da dama. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo) |title=Career of Cristiano Ronaldo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.reddit.com/r/cristianoronaldo/comments/1493v6s](https://www.reddit.com/r/cristianoronaldo/comments/1493v6s) |title=Ronaldo's Biography |website=Reddit |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> === Juventus === Ronaldo ya koma Juventus a shekarar 2018 inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe Serie A sau biyu da Coppa Italia. Ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa duk da tsufansa, inda ya kafa tarihin ɗan wasa mafi saurin kaiwa ƙwallaye 50 a Serie A. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo) |title=Cristiano Ronaldo Biography |website=Britannica |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> === Komawa Manchester United da Al Nassr === A shekarar 2021 Ronaldo ya koma Manchester United karo na biyu kafin daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar Al Nassr ta Saudiyya a shekarar 2023. Zuwa Al Nassr ya ƙara shahara gasar Saudi Pro League kuma ya taimaka wajen jawo manyan 'yan wasa zuwa yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo) |title=Career of Cristiano Ronaldo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Ronaldo ya fara bugawa Portugal wasa a shekarar 2003. Ya jagoranci Portugal lashe UEFA Euro 2016, wanda shi ne babban kofin farko a tarihin ƙasar. Haka kuma ya taimaka wajen lashe UEFA Nations League a shekarar 2019 da kuma 2025. Shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa cin ƙwallaye a tarihin wasannin ƙasa na maza. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo) |title=Cristiano Ronaldo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/portugals-emotional-ronaldo-rejoices-winning-nations-league-2025-06-08/](https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/portugals-emotional-ronaldo-rejoices-winning-nations-league-2025-06-08/) |title=Portugal's emotional Ronaldo rejoices in winning Nations League |website=Reuters |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Ronaldo ya shahara wajen saurin gudu, tsalle mai ƙarfi, iya bugun kai da kuma harba ƙwallo da ƙarfi. Yana iya taka leda a matsayin winger ko striker kuma ana yabonsa saboda ƙwazo da jajircewa wajen horo. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Career_of_Cristiano_Ronaldo) |title=Career of Cristiano Ronaldo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da nasarori == * Ballon d'Or sau 5 * UEFA Champions League sau 5 * UEFA European Championship 2016 * UEFA Nations League sau 2 * Gwarzon mai cin ƙwallaye a tarihin UEFA Champions League * Gwarzon mai cin ƙwallaye a tarihin wasannin ƙasa na maza <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_career_achievements_by_Cristiano_Ronaldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_career_achievements_by_Cristiano_Ronaldo) |title=List of career achievements by Cristiano Ronaldo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta waje == Bayan ƙwallon ƙafa, Ronaldo ɗan kasuwa ne kuma yana da alamar kasuwanci mai suna CR7. Ya yi yarjejeniyar rayuwa da kamfanin Nike kuma yana daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa mafiya samun kuɗi a duniya. <ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cristiano-Ronaldo) |title=Cristiano Ronaldo Biography |website=Britannica |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gg9qzryjsuuhstnyjie60x4hvpg4pdx 839043 839042 2026-05-22T14:30:56Z Saad Nuhu 43323 839043 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo 2018.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} [[File:Cristiano Ronaldo, 2010.jpg|thumb|'''Cristiano Ronaldo''']] [[Fayil:Argentine - Portugal - Cristiano Ronaldo.jpg|thumb|hoton ronaldo]] [[Fayil:2016 Escultura de Cristiano Ronaldo perante o seu museo de Funchal. Madeira. Portugal-24.jpg|thumb|hoton gunkin ronaldo]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo 2, 2010.jpg|thumb|hoton Rinaldo a Madrid]] [[Fayil:2019-20 Serie A - Torino v Juventus - Cristiano Ronaldo.jpg|thumb|ronaldo a juventus]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo Signature.svg|thumb|sa hanun Rinaldo]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo (cropped).jpg|thumb|hoton ronaldo]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo with Al Nassr, 19 September 2023 - 31.jpg|thumb|hoton a saudia]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo shoots.jpg|thumb|Hoton ronaldo a training]] [[Fayil:Cristiano-ronaldo-2491446 960 720.jpg|thumb|Ronaldo]] [[Fayil:Argentine - Portugal - Cristiano Ronaldo.jpg|thumb|Cristiano Ronaldo]] '''Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Portugal wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafiya girman 'yan wasa a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya yi fice wajen cin ƙwallaye, lashe manyan kofuna, da kafa tarihin da dama a matakin kulob da ƙasa. Ronaldo ya lashe Ballon d'Or sau biyar kuma ya kasance daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa mafiya shahara da kuɗi a duniya. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon) |title=Ronaldo at 40: The stunning numbers behind a football icon |work=Sky Sports |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ronaldo a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1985 a Funchal dake tsibirin Madeira na Portugal. Mahaifinsa José Dinis Aveiro ya kasance ma’aikacin ƙaramar ƙungiyar Andorinha yayin da mahaifiyarsa Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro take aikin girki. Ronaldo ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami kuma ya taso daga ƙungiyoyin Andorinha da Nacional kafin daga baya ya shiga makarantar koyon wasan Sporting CP. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon) |title=Ronaldo at 40: The stunning numbers behind a football icon |work=Sky Sports |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Farkon sana'a == Ronaldo ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar Sporting CP wasa a shekarar 2002. Kwarewarsa da saurin gudunsa sun ja hankalin Manchester United bayan wata wasan sada zumunci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu. A shekarar 2003 Manchester United ta saye shi, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa mafi tsada a Ingila a lokacin. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon) |title=Ronaldo at 40: The stunning numbers behind a football icon |work=Sky Sports |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Manchester United == A Manchester United, Ronaldo ya samu ci gaba sosai ƙarƙashin koci Sir Alex Ferguson. Ya taimaka wajen lashe kofunan Premier League uku da UEFA Champions League. Kakarsa mafi shahara ita ce ta 2007–08 lokacin da ya ci ƙwallaye 42 a dukkan gasa kuma ya lashe Ballon d'Or na farko. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon) |title=Ronaldo at 40: The stunning numbers behind a football icon |work=Sky Sports |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Real Madrid == A shekarar 2009 Ronaldo ya koma Real Madrid akan kuɗi mafi tsada a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin. A Madrid ya kafa tarihin zama wanda ya fi kowa cin ƙwallaye a tarihin kulob ɗin bayan ya zura sama da ƙwallaye 450. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe UEFA Champions League sau huɗu da kuma La Liga sau biyu. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon) |title=Ronaldo at 40: The stunning numbers behind a football icon |work=Sky Sports |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Juventus == Ronaldo ya koma Juventus ta Italiya a shekarar 2018. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe Serie A sau biyu tare da ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa duk da ƙara shekaru. Ya ci ƙwallaye masu yawa kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan gasar Italiya. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ronaldo-confident-reaching-1000-goals-keen-keep-playing-2025-12-29/](https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ronaldo-confident-reaching-1000-goals-keen-keep-playing-2025-12-29/) |title=Ronaldo confident of reaching 1,000 goals, keen to keep playing |work=Reuters |date=29 December 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Al Nassr == A ƙarshen shekarar 2022 Ronaldo ya koma ƙungiyar Al Nassr ta Saudiyya bayan barinsa Manchester United karo na biyu. Zuwa shekarar 2026 ya taimaka wa Al Nassr lashe Saudi Pro League bayan ya ci ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci a wasan ƙarshe na kakar wasa. Zuwa lokacin yana daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar gasar Saudiyya a duniya. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/ronaldos-brace-fires-al-nassr-saudi-league-title-with-4-1-win-over-damac-2026-05-21/](https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/ronaldos-brace-fires-al-nassr-saudi-league-title-with-4-1-win-over-damac-2026-05-21/) |title=Ronaldo's brace fires Al Nassr to Saudi league title with 4-1 win over Damac |work=Reuters |date=21 May 2026 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Ronaldo ya fara bugawa Portugal wasa a shekarar 2003 yana da shekara 18. Ya jagoranci Portugal zuwa lashe UEFA Euro 2016, wanda shi ne babban kofin farko a tarihin ƙasar. Haka kuma ya taimaka wajen lashe UEFA Nations League sau biyu. Ya zama ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa buga wasa da kuma cin ƙwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasar Portugal. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon) |title=Ronaldo at 40: The stunning numbers behind a football icon |work=Sky Sports |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Ronaldo ya shahara wajen saurin gudu, bugun kai, harba ƙwallo daga nesa da kuma iya amfani da ƙafafunsa biyu. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa da dama sun yaba masa saboda ƙwazo, horo, da kuma jajircewa wajen kula da lafiyar jikinsa har zuwa tsufarsa a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ronaldo-confident-reaching-1000-goals-keen-keep-playing-2025-12-29/](https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ronaldo-confident-reaching-1000-goals-keen-keep-playing-2025-12-29/) |title=Ronaldo confident of reaching 1,000 goals, keen to keep playing |work=Reuters |date=29 December 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta waje == Ronaldo yana daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa mafiya samun kuɗi a tarihi. Yana da alamar kasuwanci mai suna CR7 wanda ya haɗa da tufafi, turare, da otel-otel. Haka kuma yana da mabiyan kafafen sada zumunta sama da biliyan ɗaya idan aka haɗa dukkan shafukansa. <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ronaldo-confident-reaching-1000-goals-keen-keep-playing-2025-12-29/](https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ronaldo-confident-reaching-1000-goals-keen-keep-playing-2025-12-29/) |title=Ronaldo confident of reaching 1,000 goals, keen to keep playing |work=Reuters |date=29 December 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Nasarori == * Ballon d'Or sau 5 * UEFA Champions League sau 5 * UEFA European Championship 2016 * UEFA Nations League sau 2 * Gwarzon mai cin ƙwallaye a tarihin UEFA Champions League * Ɗan wasa mafi yawan ƙwallaye a tarihin wasannin ƙasa na maza <ref>{{cite news |url=[https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon](https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13302957/ronaldo-at-40-the-stunning-numbers-behind-a-football-icon) |title=Ronaldo at 40: The stunning numbers behind a football icon |work=Sky Sports |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} olp357ix3f1iwcmntuueqnh0kq450wh 0 10782 839321 821019 2026-05-23T11:41:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Callum Hudson-Odoi 2022 (non-blurred version).jpg|thumb|Callum Hudson-Odoi]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Callum Hudson-Odoi | full_name = Callum James Hudson-Odoi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|11|7}} | birth_place = Wandsworth, London, Ingila | position = Winger | currentclub = Nottingham Forest | clubnumber = 14 | youthyears1 = 2007–2018 | youthclubs1 = Chelsea | years1 = 2018–2023 | clubs1 = Chelsea | caps1 = 72 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 2022–2023 | clubs2 = → Bayer Leverkusen (aro) | caps2 = 14 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = Nottingham Forest | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2015–2016 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U16 | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2016–2017 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U17 | nationalcaps2 = 15 | nationalgoals2 = 2 | nationalyears3 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps3 = 9 | nationalgoals3 = 3 | nationalyears4 = 2019– | nationalteam4 = Ingila | nationalcaps4 = 3 | nationalgoals4 = 0 }} '''Callum James Hudson-Odoi''' (an haife shi ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin winger ga kulob din [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] a gasar [[Premier League]] ta Ingila.<ref>{{cite web|title=Callum Hudson-Odoi Profile|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/14486/Callum-Hudson-Odoi/overview|publisher=Premier League}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Hudson-Odoi a Wandsworth, London, kuma yana da asalin ƙasar Ghana ta wajen iyayensa. Ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] tun yana ƙarami inda ya fara nuna bajinta a matakin yara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hudson-Odoi Biography|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/teams/profile/callum-hudson-odoi|publisher=Chelsea FC}}</ref> == Aikin Kulob == === Chelsea === Hudson-Odoi ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar Chelsea wasa a shekarar 2018 bayan ya fito daga ajin matasa. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Chelsea ta samu a gasar [[UEFA Europa League]] ta shekarar 2018–19.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chelsea win Europa League 2019|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0253-0d81c6a6b2df-7c0b8d5c4d19-1000--chelsea-win-europa-league/|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> === Aro zuwa Bayer Leverkusen === A kakar wasa ta 2022–23, an bayar da shi aro zuwa kulob din [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]] na Jamus domin samun ƙarin lokacin wasa a gasar [[Bundesliga]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hudson-Odoi joins Leverkusen on loan|url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/callum-hudson-odoi-joins-bayer-leverkusen-on-loan-from-chelsea-21000|publisher=Bundesliga}}</ref> === Nottingham Forest === A shekarar 2023 ya koma [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] inda ya rattaba hannu kan kwangila ta dindindin domin ci gaba da taka leda a Premier League.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nottingham Forest sign Hudson-Odoi|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Hudson-Odoi ya wakilci Ingila a matakan U16, U17, da U21 kafin ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar [[Ingila]] wasa a shekarar 2019, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan 'yan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da suka fara taka leda a gasar neman cancantar [[UEFA Euro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=England debut for Hudson-Odoi|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47677761|publisher=BBC Sport}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == ;Chelsea * [[UEFA Europa League]]: 2018–19<ref>{{cite web|title=Europa League 2019 Final|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/history/seasons/2019/|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2000 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] [[Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. players]] [[Category:Chelsea F.C. players]] ghrwcnzzqclnne9a58paiu6vems36vs 0 16249 839265 578672 2026-05-23T07:29:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Blanche Bailly''' (an haifeta a shekara ta 1995) ta kasance mawakiyar [[Kamaru|Kamaru ce]]. Wakarta ta farko mai suna 'Kam we stay' wacce aka fitar a watan Agustan shekarar 2016 ta samu karbuwa a cikin fannin waƙa kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, ana ta bugawa bayan bugawa ga mawaƙa a yau ana ganin wakar amatsayin na ɗayan daga cikin mafi kyawu Afirka.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://dcodedtv.com/blanche-bailly-is-cameroons-sexiest-female-artist/|title= Blanche Bailly is Cameroon's sexiest female artist |publisher= dcodedtv.com|date=2017-08-27 |accessdate=2019-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://blog.ruulaconcepts.com/video-cameroonian-pop-star-blanche-bailly-releases-new-song-ndolo/ |title= Video: Cameroonian Pop Star Blanche Bailly Releases New Song 'Ndolo' |publisher= ruulaconcepts.com |date= 2017-03-25 |accessdate= 2019-06-11 |archive-date= 2019-05-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190524023504/http://blog.ruulaconcepts.com/video-cameroonian-pop-star-blanche-bailly-releases-new-song-ndolo/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name=" solowayne.com ">{{cite web |url= https://solowayne.com/blanche-bailly-released-a-new-song-titled-bonbon-watch-video/ |website= solowayne.com |title= Blanche Bailly released a new song titled "Bonbon" (WATCH VIDEO!) |accessdate= 2018-04-01 |archive-date= 2018-04-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180415074720/http://solowayne.com/blanche-bailly-released-a-new-song-titled-bonbon-watch-video/ |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africatopsuccess.com/showbiz-les-confessions-de-blanche-bailly/|title=Showbiz: les confessions de Blanche Bailly|date=Sep 12, 2017|accessdate=Jul 26, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayan Fage == [[Fayil:Blanche Bailly - Prince Essaka - Ludwigs.jpg|thumb|Blanche Bailly a gefe]] An haife ta a Kumba a yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Kamaru a cikin dangin addini, Blanche ta halarci makarantar firamare a Sacred Heart Kumba yankin Kudu maso Yamma sannan daga baya ta yi wani ɓangare na karatun sakandarenta a Makarantar Sakandaren Baptist-Kang Barombi da Deligent Bilingual College- Kumba kafin ta ta sake zama tare da Iyalinta zuwa Faransa a lokacin tana shekara 12 inda ta ci gaba da karatunta. Zamanta a Faransa ya amfanar da mawakiyar kamar yadda take bin ta bashida halinta. Yayin da take Faransa ta yanke shawarar bin burinta da burinta na zama mai yin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma yin rikodi. Jirgin nata mai cike da wahala ya ga kin amincewa, matsaloli da sauransu wanda ya ingiza ta komawa Burtaniya. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Blanche Bailly 02.jpg|thumb|Blanche Bailly]] Yayin da take Burtaniya, ta hadu da wani mai zane-zane dan Kamaru wanda ya sadu da ita tare da zama na farko na sutudiyo. A can baya mai zane ya kasance da suna 'Swagger Queen'. Zuwa shekarar 2015, ta fitar da wakarta ta farko 'Killa' wacce Ayo Beats ya samar. Daga baya ta samu ganawa da furodusa dan asalin Kamaru Mista Elad wanda ya rubuta wakinta na farko mai suna 'Kam we stay' a shekarar 2016 wanda furodusa dan Kamaru Philbillbeatz ya shirya. Bayan barin mara aure, Blanche ta yanke shawarar lokaci ya yi da za ta koma mahaifarta kuma ta kara cudanya da masana'antar da take kokarin gina sana'a daga gare ta. Tare da nasarar 'Kam mun tsaya', Blanche ta sake yin aiki tare a cikin 2017 tare da Philbillbeatz a kan wani waƙoƙin da ta rubuta mai taken 'Mimbayeur' wanda ke nuna Minks mai rairayi. Tare da ƙarin nasara a kan ɗayan wanda ya hura YouTube tare da ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan 5, Blanche Bailly ya zama mai riƙe da suna a cikin Wakar Afirka ta Tsakiya. Daga baya ta sake yin karin haske kamar; 'Dinguo, Bonbon da kwanan nan' Ndolo 'da' Ton sun fyaɗa, mon pied 'da sabon fim dinta' Argent '. Blanche yayi rawar gani a cikin Kamaru da kasashe kamar Gabon, Malabo, Faransa, Geneva kuma a cikin 2018 tayi nasarar zagayen kulaf din Turai. An ba da kyautar Blanche Bailly da kwazon aiki tare da gabatarwa don Mafi kyawun Centralwararrun Centralwararrun Centralwararrun Afirka ta Tsakiya a AFRIMA, Mafi Kyawun biranen gari da Wahayin shekara a Canal D'or da kuma lashe Wahayin shekara a Balafon Music Awards a cikin 2016. == Ayyukan jin kai == A watan Oktoba 2018, Blanche Bailly ta shiga gudanar da zane kamar; Mista Leo, Daphné, Minks, Pit Barccardi, Magasco da wasu gungun wasu a cikin waƙar zaman lafiya; ''Muna buƙatar Salama'' ta Salatiel don rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa a Yankunan Anglophone na Kamaru. == Kyauta & Sunaye == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Mai karɓa ! Sakamakon |- | 2018 | Mafi Kyawun Matan Afirka ta Tsakiya (AFFRIMA) | Mafi kyawun 'yar wasa mace | Kanta | {{nominated}} |- | 2018 | Mafi kyawun birni da Wahayin shekara (Canal D'or) | Mafi kyawun 'yar wasa mace | Kanta | {{nominated}} |- |} == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'Yan wasan Kamaru * Cinema na Kamaru == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * "isblanchebailly (@isblanchebailly) on Facebook". facebook.com. Retrieved 2019-06-12. [[category:Haifaffun 1995]] 8dwxg9fnyviz0k2xy69app2s3yr5ioy 0 18645 839184 493194 2026-05-22T22:03:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa Babban Riga design.jpg|thumb|babban riga]] '''Babbar riga''' ko malum-malum dai riga ce ta al'ada musamman ga al'ummar hausawa inda sune sukafi amfani da ita, kuma babbar riga na ƙara nuna girma da dattaku ga wanda ya sanya ta, ita dai babbar riga tana da matuƙar girma.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hausa.aminus3.com/image/2015-07-02.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-03-13 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130094210/https://hausa.aminus3.com/image/2015-07-02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Amfanin babbar riga== Babbar riga tana da matuƙar amfani sosai musamman a lokacin sanyi, domin takan taimakawa mutane wajen rage jin sanyi. tana kara ma mutum daraja ==masu amfani da babbar riga== Galibi dai dattawa ne sukafi amfani da malum-malum sai kuma anguna da kuma da abokan anguna.da dai sauran su. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Kdfiesta13.JPG|Wani sanye da Malum-malum File:Mand%C3%A9_boubou_MKB_BM264.jpg|Babbar Riga/Malum-malum </gallery> ==Manazarta== nxi8xu0z6dwdmgih6mqaaam4jaq3k02 0 20255 839295 820087 2026-05-23T09:38:56Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347068462|Amina (2021 film)]]" 839295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da duel tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma . Bayan ta ga yakin, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana so ta zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo tare da juriya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Makircin ya ci gaba ne a kan abubuwan da suka haifar da hawan Amina zuwa kursiyin Zazzau . == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh == Karɓar baƙi == An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="13" |2022 | rowspan="13" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |Clarion Chukwura|{{Nom}} | rowspan="13" | |- |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |Magaji Mijinyawa|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Daraktan Fasaha |Tunji Afolayan|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai tsara kayan ado |Millicent T. Jack|{{Won}} |- |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau |Stanley Ibegbu Okechukwu|{{Nom}} |- |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Jim Lively da James Nelson|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Sauti |Dabs Agwom|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen |Dagogo Diminas da Gabriel Okorie Gabazzini|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Marubuci |Frank Chinedu Uba|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai shirya fina-finai |Peter Kreil, Wale Adebayo, Samuel Jonathan da Moruf Fadaro|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka |Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim |Izu Ojukwu da Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Won}} |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Izu Ojukwu|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> fs06de3thbl6lnjtkfavvoyqml8iiga 839296 839295 2026-05-23T09:40:41Z Arcdanumma047 38699 839296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da duel tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma . Bayan ta ga yakin, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana so ta zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo tare da juriya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Makircin ya ci gaba ne a kan abubuwan da suka haifar da hawan Amina zuwa kursiyin Zazzau . == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh == Karɓar baƙi == An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="13" |2022 | rowspan="13" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |Clarion Chukwura|{{Nom}} | rowspan="13" | |- |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |Magaji Mijinyawa|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Daraktan Fasaha |Tunji Afolayan|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai tsara kayan ado |Millicent T. Jack|{{Won}} |- |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau |Stanley Ibegbu Okechukwu|{{Nom}} |- |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Jim Lively da James Nelson|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Sauti |Dabs Agwom|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen |Dagogo Diminas da Gabriel Okorie Gabazzini|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Marubuci |Frank Chinedu Uba|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai shirya fina-finai |Peter Kreil, Wale Adebayo, Samuel Jonathan da Moruf Fadaro|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka |Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim |Izu Ojukwu da Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Won}} |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Izu Ojukwu|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> s3rk1tan24ynsuexfp4tk7mp4v268re 0 21727 839182 368201 2026-05-22T21:38:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babban Masallacin''' 1 Ga Nuwambar shekarar 1954 (Larabci: المسجد الكبير 1 نوفمبر 1954) masallaci ne a cikin garin Batna, [[Aljeriya|Algeria]].<ref name=":0">[http://zeghina.3oloum.org/montada-f58/topic-t1214.htm فكرة انشاء المسجد] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030040912/http://zeghina.3oloum.org/montada-f58/topic-t1214.htm|date=2010-10-30}} ''Zegina''. Retrieved January 6, 2018.</ref> == Tarihi == Ginin masallacin ya faro ne a shekarar 1980.<ref name="anasr">{{in lang|fr}}[http://www.djazairess.com/fr/infosoir/103656 La mosquée 1er-November-54, un monument religieux et architectural] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129021535/http://www.djazairess.com/fr/infosoir/103656 |date=2014-11-29 }} 30.08.2009, Retrieved 02.11.2011</ref> An gina shi ne don girka addinin Musulunci. An kammala shi a shekarar 2003. == Shafin == Masallacin yana kan titin da ya hada da garin Biskra, ina da yanki mai girman murabba'in mita 42,000 tare da iyakar damar daukar masu bauta 30,000.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="anasr" /> ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Mosquée 1er Novembre Batna.jpg|Minaret File:Gronde lustre de la Mosquée Premier Novembre (L'intérieur).jpg|Zauren salla </gallery> == Manazarta == a47uyzyzilmtdkh32x3peamcsqu0thj 0 21769 839069 363906 2026-05-22T17:06:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:H%C3%B4pital_Donka,_vue_a%C3%A9rien_du_secteur_B_en_2022.jpg|250px|right|thumbnail|Asibitin Dinka]] '''Asibitin Donka''' asibiti ne mallakar jama'a a [[Conakry]], [[Gini]]. Yana da isassun kayan aiki don ɗaukar buƙatun, kuma yawancin Guinewan ba za su iya ɗaukar ayyukanta ba. Fiye da sau ɗaya a cikin recentan shekarun nan asibitin ya yi aiki da manyan kwararar marasa lafiya da suka ji rauni a cikin rikice-rikicen jama'a. == Wurare == Donka asibitin koyarwa ne na jami'a, ɗayan biyu a Conakry, ɗayan kuma [[Asibitin Ignace Deen]]. Tana can arewa maso gabas na Babban Masallacin Conakry kuma a tsallaka babban titin daga mashahurin [[Sansanin Boiro]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHX6dt6qicsC&pg=PA70|page=70|title=République de Guinée, Guinée-Bissau|author1=Dominique Auzias|author2=Jean-Paul Labourdette|author3=Alexandra Gazel|publisher=Petit Futé|year=2007|isbn=978-2-7469-1603-6}}</ref> Shi ne babban asibitin gwamnati a kasar, wanda aka gina a 1959 gab da samun 'yanci. Tarayyar Soviet ta taimaka a aikinta.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9VDDVVqCTYC&pg=PA273|page=273|title=Le pouvoir politique en Guinée sous Sékou Touré|author=Mohamed Saliou Camara|publisher=Editions L'Harmattan|year=2007|isbn=978-2-296-03299-6}}</ref> Tsabtace ruwan najasa ne ta hanyar shuke-shuke masu sarrafa ruwan sha na banki na duniya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2006/07/26/000090341_20060726092636/Rendered/PDF/36083.pdf|title=IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION REPORT ... REPUBLIC OF GUINEA ... WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION PROJECT|date=June 27, 2006|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> Asibitin yana samun wutar lantarki mafi mahimmanci, amma ana yawan samun fitowar wuta a shekara ta 2006 lokacin da farashin mai yayi tashin gwauron zaɓi. Asibitin ba shi da isasshen kuɗin da za a iya biyan kuɗin manfetur na babban injin samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://royaldutchshellplc.com/2006/11/18/the-wall-street-journal-as-fuel-prices-soara-country-unravels/|work=Wall Street Journal|title=As Fuel Prices Soar,A Country Unravels|date=Nov 18, 2006|author=CHIP CUMMINS|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> An kafa Sashin Orthopedic a watan Fabrairun shekarata 1982. A wancan lokacin, manyan matsalolin da take magancewa sun kasance ba a kula da al'amuran cutar shan-inna.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Current Orthopaedic Practice|date=March–April 1971|volume=75|pages=188–194|author1=Mourad Mestikawy|author2=Francis G. Zeir|title=Tendon Transfers for Poliomyelitis of the Lower Limb in Guinean Children|doi=10.1097/00003086-197103000-00025}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Afirka ta Yamma (WAHO), tare da Gwamnatin Guinea, sun fara ba da kwasa-kwasan shekaru biyu a fannin likitan ido ga likitocin General Practice, tare da horo mai karfi da dabaru. Wuraren basu isa ba. CBM, Sightsavers da WAHO sun shirya don gina sabon kayan aiki a harabar asibitin koyarwa, wanda aka buɗe a ranar 9 Afrilu 2010. == Jiyya == [[File:Pediatric_doctors_at_Donka_hospital_reviewing_mealses_cases.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pediatric_doctors_at_Donka_hospital_reviewing_mealses_cases.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Pediatriclikitoci a asibitin Donka suna nazarin cututtukan kyanda yayin wata annoba in 2009.]] Wani bincike da aka gudanar a 1989 ya nuna cewa mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a asibiti ya kai 12.47 cikin 1,000, wani adadi mai yawan gaske. Abubuwan da suka haifar sun hada da rashin kulawar lafiya ta farko ko ayyukan kula da haihuwa, rashin horar da likitocin jinya da ungozomomi da kuma rashin cikakken ilimin kiwon lafiya a tsakanin jama'a.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)|year=1989|volume=18|issue=7|pages=849–55|pmid=2614023|title=Maternal mortality at the University Hospital Center of Donka (Conakry, Guinea)].|author1=Keita N|author2=Hizazy Y|author3=Diallo MS}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, babban ɗakin ɗakin yara masu ciki a cikin Cibiyar Kula da haihuwa yana da masu ba da rigakafi huɗu, amma ɗayan ne ke aiki. Ya riƙe jarirai biyar. Cibiyar ba ta da kayan aiki don ɗaukar buƙatar. Kimanin kashi 80% na jariran da basu isa haihuwa ba suna mutuwa cikin aan kwanaki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theguineangazette.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/the-faith-of-pre-mature-babies-at-donka-hospital-conakry/|title=The faith of pre-mature babies at Donka Hospital – Conakry|date=March 10, 2011|author=C. M. Jalloh|accessdate=2011-03-18|work=The Guinean Gazette}}</ref> Cibiyar Kula da Abinci da Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin Donka ita ce kadai asibitin yara a Conakry. Tsakanin watan Janairu zuwa karshen Satumbar 2006, yara 623 da ke fama da tamowa, ya sami ƙaruwa fiye da shekarun da suka gabata. "Gidajen duhu, marasa iska" sun cika makil, tare da wasu yara suna bacci biyu zuwa gado.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61675|title=GUINEA: Malnutrition cases double in Conakry children's hospital|date=28 November 2006|publisher=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]]|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> Sashin wankan koda na asibitin yana da injunan sarrafa koda guda biyar kuma zasu iya kula da marassa lafiya 21 kawai. Akwai cibiyoyin wankin koda na kashin kai, amma yawancin marasa lafiya ba za su iya biyan dala 100 na maganin ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ihh.org.tr/siyah-tenli-diyarin-inci-yurekli-insanlari/en/|title=Good-hearted people of the poor land|work=The Qurban|accessdate=2011-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301201231/http://www.ihh.org.tr/siyah-tenli-diyarin-inci-yurekli-insanlari/en/|archive-date=2011-03-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> Asibitin Donka yana ba da horo don tallata jama'a, sadarwa da kuma hanyoyin tallata cutar HIV / AIDS, wanda Bankin Duniya da sauran hanyoyin ke bayarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irrico.bbconsult.co.uk/Factsheets//Microsoft%20Word%20-%20IRRICO_CS_GUINEA_Lay-out_revised%20by_MRF_BRUSSELS_EN.pdf|title=Information on Return and Reintegration in the Countries of Origin – IRRICO - GUINEA|publisher=IOM - International Organization for Migration|accessdate=2011-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818163555/http://irrico.bbconsult.co.uk/Factsheets//Microsoft%20Word%20-%20IRRICO_CS_GUINEA_Lay-out_revised%20by_MRF_BRUSSELS_EN.pdf|archive-date=2011-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kudaden mara lafiya == Asibitin ya gina bashi a tsawon shekaru, kuma ba zai iya shawo kan gwamnati ko kungiyoyin agaji su taimaka wajen biyan bashin ba. Don haka yana aiwatar da tsauraran manufofin biyan-ku-biya, wanda ke sanya magani da magunguna ba sa isa ga yawancin talakawa. Dole ne a fara gwada sabbin marasa lafiya da cututtukan dake barazanar rayuwa kamar su tarin fuka, Cutar kanjamau, kwalara, zazzabin cizon sauro da kuma cutar kansa.<ref name="Mariama Berey - A Case Study">{{cite web|url=http://www.woontanaraaid.org/whoweare.html|title=Mariama Berey - A Case Study|publisher=Woontanara Aid|accessdate=2011-03-18|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321141631/http://www.woontanaraaid.org/whoweare.html|archivedate=2012-03-21}}</ref> Kudin maganin alurar rigakafin kyanda ya yi ƙasa da US$1. Tunda yawancin 'yan Guinea ba su da isasshen kuɗin biyan jini, ba za su iya samun kulawar likita a asibiti ba.<ref name="Mariama Berey - A Case Study" /> Daraktan asibitin, Dakta Taibou Barry, ya amince da matsalar a shekarar 2003, yana mai cewa: "Iyalan sun talauce kuma idan sun zo asibiti, sai sun biya komai, kuma watakila duk kudin da suke da shi, don haka dole ne su zabi cin abinci ko zuwa asibiti". Wani rahoto na shekarar 2008 daga IRIN ya bayyana batun Aboubacar Traoré, wanda ya kai ‘yarsa‘ yar shekara biyu asibiti don kulawar gaggawa. Kodayake kudin neman shawara ya kai dala 5, kamar yadda aka nuna akan wata alama a bango, likitan ya bukaci karin. Wata likita a asibitin ta ce ba ta yi mamaki ba. Ta ce "Na ga abokan aiki a nan suna lallashin marasa lafiya cewa su ne kawai za su iya kula da su, kuma da zarar mara lafiyar ya samu amincewa da wannan likitan, to shi ko ita suna toshe mara lafiyar ne".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78535|title=GUINEA: "We'll treat you, if you pay the bribe," doctors say|date=3 June 2008|work=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]]|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> == Rikicin cikin gida == A farkon shekarar 2007, an kira yajin aiki da zanga-zanga saboda hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da faɗuwar darajar rayuwa, haɗe da cin hanci da rashawa da ya zama ruwan dare da rikice-rikice na siyasa. A tashin hankalin da ya biyo baya, kimanin mutane 180 suka mutu kuma sama da 1,000 suka ji rauni. Kungiyar bada agaji ta kasa da kasa ta Red Cross (ICRC) ta samar da motoci shida domin kai wadanda suka samu rauni zuwa asibitin Donka a ranar 22 ga Janairun shekarar 2007. An kwantar da marasa lafiya 119, akasarinsu da raunin harsashi. Kungiyar ta ICRC ta kawo kayan aikin tiyata don kula da waɗanda suka rasa rayukansu har 150 zuwa asibiti.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/news-release/guinea-news-240107.htm|title=Guinea: Coping with the tragic consequences of violence|date=2007-01-24|publisher=[[ICRC]]|accessdate=2011-03-18}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Asibitin Donka ya kula da aƙalla mutane 800 da suka jikkata, waɗanda Médecins Sans Frontières suka taimaka. A cewar Djoulde Barry, babban daraktan asibitin, mutane 33 da suka mutu suna da rajista a wurin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/RMOI-6XT2GY?OpenDocument&RSS20=18-P|title=Guinea: Strike spells more hardship|publisher=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN)|date=25 Jan 2007|accessdate=2011-03-18}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Satumbar 2009 jami'an tsaro suka dankwafar da zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin soja a wani filin wasa na gari, inda mutane da dama suka mutu da daruruwan raunuka. Mata sun bayar da rahoton cewa sojoji sun yi musu fyade a bainar jama'a a filin wasan. Bayanan asibiti daga asibitin Donka sun nuna cewa akalla 32 daga cikin mata masu zanga-zangar an yi musu fyade.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/guinea/report-2010|title=GUINEA - AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=2011-03-18|archive-date=2011-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313174530/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/guinea/report-2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fiye da ma'aikatan agaji na farko daga kungiyar agaji ta ''Red Cross Society of Guinea'' sun ba da agajin gaggawa na gaggawa ga sama da mutane 350 da suka jikkata kuma suka dauki mafi tsanani lamarin zuwa asibitoci, galibi zuwa Asibitin Kasa na Donka. Wadanda suka jikkata sun cika dakin gaggawa. Sojoji daga masu gadin fadar shugaban kasa da sashen yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi da masu hada-hadar miyagun laifuka sun bayyana da misalin ƙarfe 3:00 na yamma a ranar. Sun harba bindigoginsu sama, sun lalata magunguna tare da yin ihu ga wadanda suka ji rauni su bar asibitin. Sun hana kowa shiga cikin ginin. Rijistar mutanen da aka yi wa magani daga baya ta ɓace. Bayan tashin hankali na 28 ga Satumba, ICRC ta ba da mahimman magunguna da tiyata ga asibitocin Conakry, gami da kits don magance raunin harsashi, masks, safar hannu da maganin gishiri, da kuma bayar da jakunkunan jiki. ICRC da kungiyar Red Cross ta Guinea sun yi kokarin hada danginsu, musamman yara, wadanda rikicin ya raba da su. Kungiyar NGO ta ''Terre des hommes'' tana ba da abinci ga marasa lafiya a Asibitin, tare da Ma’aikatar Kiwon Lafiya da gudummawar masu zaman kansu da ke taimakawa wajen samar da abinci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/afrfocus/afrfocus102309.html|title=Guinea: Aid Groups Mobilize to Help Wounded|date=21 October 2009|publisher=UN Integrated Regional Information Networks|accessdate=2011-03-18|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724234753/http://www.africa.upenn.edu//afrfocus/afrfocus102309.html|archivedate=24 July 2010}}</ref> A ci gaba da tashin hankali, ICRC ta taimaka wa asibitin Donka ta sake duba shirinta na gaggawa don kula da yawan masu shigowa da raunin harsashi. Ƙarin tashin hankali ya faru kafin zaɓen fidda gwani na Shugaban kasa na Oktoban shekarar 2010. Magoya bayan dan takarar Cellou Dalein Diallo na ''Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea'' sun jefi ‘yan sanda da duwatsu, wadanda suka amsa da harbe-harbe. An kashe mutane biyu kuma aƙalla mutane 29 sun ji rauni, ana kula da su a asibitoci masu zaman kansu ko asibitin Donka. Wadanda abin ya shafa sun hada da "matasa 13 da 'yan mata uku".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iOAHOAQF1jgNXkbm1-Xp0JekYGgg?docId=CNG.ecf3b9ba4f1b34e86a551c3a8aefc644.8c1|title=Two dead after Guinea police open fire on demonstrators|author=Mouctar Bah|publisher=AFP|date=Oct 19, 2010|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> Rikici ya ci gaba bayan zabukan, wadanda aka yi ta takaddama kansu. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamban shekarar 2010, asibitin Donka ya ba da rahoton kula da raunin harbin bindiga 30, galibi harbe-harben kai tsaye maimakon na ɓarauniya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Violence-in-Guinea-after-Conde-elected-20101116|title=More violence rocks Guinea|date=2010-11-16|work=News 24|author=Laurence Boutreux|accessdate=2011-03-18}}</ref> == Kulawar yamma == Yanayin mummunan yanayi a asibitin shine batun wani shirin fim din shekarar 1996 mai suna ''Donka, radioscopie d'un hôpital africai''n daga babban daraktan Belgium Thierry Michel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ks29982.kimsufi.com/passerelle/pres-equipe.php?m=4|publisher=Les Films de la Passerelle SPRL|title=THIERRY MICHEL|accessdate=2012-04-05|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717164022/http://ks29982.kimsufi.com/passerelle/pres-equipe.php?m=4|archivedate=2012-07-17}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Janairun shekarar 2009, wasu gungun Sojojin Ruwa daga Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka sun kai wa kowane ɗayan kayan wasa a Asibitin Yara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://conakry.usembassy.gov/pr_01272009.html|title=U.S. Marines Bring Toys to Hospitalized Children in Conakry|publisher=Embassy of the United States, Conakry|accessdate=2011-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722000401/http://conakry.usembassy.gov/pr_01272009.html|archive-date=2011-07-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'yar fim Mia Farrow, wacce ke aiki a matsayin Ambasada na fatan alheri na UNICEF, ta ziyarci asibitin a watan Mayu na shekarar 2010. Ta ga jarirai uku da aka haifa a cikin kwano daya a dakin haihuwa. Ta sadu da iyayen yara masu fama da cutar rashin abinci mai gina jiki, kuma ta ga yara suna yaƙi da cutar ƙyanda da sauran cututtukan da ke saurin kashe yara. Ta ce "Yana da wuya a kalli wani yaro da ke mutuwa sakamakon wata cuta wacce za a iya kiyaye ta kwata-kwata. Wannan shi ne sakamakon gazawar tsarin kiwon lafiyar Guinea".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/media_53600.html|title=UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Mia Farrow completes visit to Guinea|date=10 May 2010|publisher=UNICEF|accessdate=2011-03-18|archive-date=2012-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316210517/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/media_53600.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3lpczcx8zzjk3hm0kmg3g2nvq192l8v 4 21908 839179 838879 2026-05-22T21:27:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 839179 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:KerimMounir|KerimMounir]] |[[Special:Contributions/KerimMounir|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 17 ga Mayu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:일본 애니|일본 애니]] |[[Special:Contributions/일본 애니|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 18 ga Mayu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Abmer53959|Abmer53959]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abmer53959|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 18 ga Mayu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Lerkare|Lerkare]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lerkare|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 18 ga Mayu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Abdul Salam Haldar|Abdul Salam Haldar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdul Salam Haldar|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 18 ga Mayu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:AMurmu|AMurmu]] |[[Special:Contributions/AMurmu|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 18 ga Mayu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Fvvky|Fvvky]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fvvky|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 18 ga Mayu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Magori Hadejia|Magori Hadejia]] 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|[[Special:Contributions/Trebors|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Alliojo|Alliojo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alliojo|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |35 |[[User:Finnfrog99|Finnfrog99]] |[[Special:Contributions/Finnfrog99|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |36 |[[User:Eanna.kiely|Eanna.kiely]] |[[Special:Contributions/Eanna.kiely|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Durranistan|Durranistan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Durranistan|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |38 |[[User:ImpureBuyout1092|ImpureBuyout1092]] |[[Special:Contributions/ImpureBuyout1092|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |39 |[[User:B-root|B-root]] |[[Special:Contributions/B-root|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |40 |[[User:Pee Dirix|Pee Dirix]] |[[Special:Contributions/Pee Dirix|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |41 |[[User:Zichatmoses|Zichatmoses]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zichatmoses|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |42 |[[User:Marcosigm|Marcosigm]] |[[Special:Contributions/Marcosigm|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |43 |[[User:Tupinikin|Tupinikin]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tupinikin|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |44 |[[User:Mundane Crossroads2277|Mundane Crossroads2277]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mundane Crossroads2277|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |45 |[[User:Egeooii|Egeooii]] |[[Special:Contributions/Egeooii|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |46 |[[User:Anonuser4|Anonuser4]] |[[Special:Contributions/Anonuser4|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |47 |[[User:Abundant Bases 9209|Abundant Bases 9209]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abundant Bases 9209|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |48 |[[User:Mute Google 9958|Mute Google 9958]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mute Google 9958|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |49 |[[User:HangingBonding8060|HangingBonding8060]] |[[Special:Contributions/HangingBonding8060|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |50 |[[User:Scottfree001|Scottfree001]] |[[Special:Contributions/Scottfree001|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |51 |[[User:Nebulous-Offense-6561|Nebulous-Offense-6561]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nebulous-Offense-6561|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |52 |[[User:Frilly-Shaving-2242|Frilly-Shaving-2242]] |[[Special:Contributions/Frilly-Shaving-2242|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |53 |[[User:UninterestedConsul4530|UninterestedConsul4530]] |[[Special:Contributions/UninterestedConsul4530|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |54 |[[User:Harperjashley|Harperjashley]] |[[Special:Contributions/Harperjashley|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |55 |[[User:UnbuiltAlmond8|UnbuiltAlmond8]] |[[Special:Contributions/UnbuiltAlmond8|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |56 |[[User:RePinout|RePinout]] |[[Special:Contributions/RePinout|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 19 ga Mayu 2026 |- |57 |[[User:Linné Åkerstrom|Linné Åkerstrom]] |[[Special:Contributions/Linné Åkerstrom|Gudummuwa]] 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|[[User:Lingnanhua|Lingnanhua]] |[[Special:Contributions/Lingnanhua|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |101 |[[User:Damien Prophet|Damien Prophet]] |[[Special:Contributions/Damien Prophet|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |102 |[[User:Jávori István|Jávori István]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jávori István|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |103 |[[User:TheTraveller60|TheTraveller60]] |[[Special:Contributions/TheTraveller60|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |104 |[[User:Detarium|Detarium]] |[[Special:Contributions/Detarium|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |105 |[[User:IndushinOleg|IndushinOleg]] |[[Special:Contributions/IndushinOleg|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |106 |[[User:Aminabubakar640|Aminabubakar640]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aminabubakar640|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |107 |[[User:Kiwi Smoothie|Kiwi Smoothie]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kiwi Smoothie|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |108 |[[User:SUJI MEDIA|SUJI MEDIA]] |[[Special:Contributions/SUJI MEDIA|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |109 |[[User:Walteronthehill|Walteronthehill]] |[[Special:Contributions/Walteronthehill|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |110 |[[User:IzanKausar|IzanKausar]] |[[Special:Contributions/IzanKausar|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |111 |[[User:Dumamkd|Dumamkd]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dumamkd|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |112 |[[User:Bendoverasq|Bendoverasq]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bendoverasq|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |113 |[[User:Excalibus|Excalibus]] |[[Special:Contributions/Excalibus|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |114 |[[User:Unger dcb|Unger dcb]] |[[Special:Contributions/Unger dcb|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |115 |[[User:Moabe Porto|Moabe Porto]] |[[Special:Contributions/Moabe Porto|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |116 |[[User:An Unexpected NTSC Composite-Component VCR|An Unexpected NTSC Composite-Component VCR]] |[[Special:Contributions/An Unexpected NTSC Composite-Component VCR|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |117 |[[User:Laminu1|Laminu1]] |[[Special:Contributions/Laminu1|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 22 ga Mayu 2026 |- |} tei8o77mc1qqlwe7bdw2wr49c48v1oz 0 24383 839048 296149 2026-05-22T14:39:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong–Abbey''' (an haife ta 1 Afrilu 1988) mawaƙiyar Ghana ce, marubuciya, mai sukar adabi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 January 2021|title=Ghanaian poet Apiorkor to perform at 2021 Sundance Film Festival|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghanaian-poet-Apiorkor-to-perform-at-2021-Sundance-Film-Festival-1165492|access-date=27 March 2021|website=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Beenie|first=Elorm|date=26 January 2021|title=Ghanaian Poet, Apiorkor, to perform at Sundance Film Festival {{!}} Beenie Words|url=https://beeniewords.com/ghanaian-poet-apiorkor-to-perform-at-sundance-film-festival/|access-date=27 March 2021|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="museafrica">{{Cite web|date=27 January 2021|title=Ghanaian poet Apiorkor to perform at 2021 Sundance Film Festival -|url=https://museafrica.com/2021/01/27/ghanaian-poet-apiorkor-to-perform-at-2021-sundance-film-festival/|access-date=27 March 2021|language=en-US}}</ref> A yanzu ita ce Shugabar Shirye-shirye tare da Citi FM/Citi TV kuma a halin yanzu ita ce mai ba da lasisin diflomasiyya akan Citi TV da ''Whats Cooking''.<ref name="museafrica" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ashong-Abbey|first=Apiorkor Seyiram|title=Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey {{!}} Speaker {{!}} TED|url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/apiorkor_seyiram_ashong_abbey|access-date=2021-05-22|website=www.ted.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghanaian poet Apiorkor to perform at Sundance Film Festival|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/65716/ghanaian-poet-apiorkor-to-perform-at-sundance-film.html|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> [[File:Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong–Abbey dressed in Ga traditional outfit for women.jpg|thumb|Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey]] Ita ma mai ba da shawara ce ga The InfluencHER Project, shirin edita da kuma al'ummar duniya da ke neman karfafawa da haɓaka muryoyin mata.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ashong-Abbey|first=Apiorkor Seyiram|title=Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey {{!}} Speaker {{!}} TED|url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/apiorkor_seyiram_ashong_abbey|access-date=2021-05-22|website=www.ted.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghanaian poet Apiorkor to perform at Sundance Film Festival|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/65716/ghanaian-poet-apiorkor-to-perform-at-sundance-film.html|access-date=2021-05-22|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == [[File:Apiorkor Ashong-Abbey 2.jpg|thumb|Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey]] Apiorkor ta halarci Makarantar Tema International inda ta kammala karatun ta kuma kammala shirin Diploma.<ref name="ibo">{{Cite web|title=Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey – Accra, Ghana|url=https://www.ibo.org/testimonials/diploma-programme-dp/apiorkor-seyiram-ashong-abbey---accra-ghana/|access-date=27 March 2021|website=International Baccalaureate|language=en|archive-date=19 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419225040/https://ibo.org/testimonials/diploma-programme-dp/apiorkor-seyiram-ashong-abbey---accra-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga baya ta tafi Kwalejin Lafayette da ke Amurka, sannan ta dawo Ghana don yin karatu a Jami'ar Ghana, Legon.<ref name="ibo" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 January 2021|title=Ghanaian Poet Apiorkor To Perform At Sundance Film Festival|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/ghanaian-poet-apiorkor-to-perform-at-sundance-film-festival/|access-date=27 March 2021|website=NY DJ Live|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyukan Adabi == [[File:Apiorkor Ashong-Abbey.jpg|thumb|Apiorkor Seyiram Ashong-Abbey]] Apiorkor ita ce marubucin ''The Matriarch’s Verse'', littafin waƙoƙi wanda ke neman yin biki, ƙalubale da haskaka abin da ake nufi da zama ɗan ƙasar Ghana a ƙarni na 21; kuma duk wannan ana yin ta ne daga hangen ta a matsayin yaro na al'adu na uku. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} seippr3h6y3inc1lttcxwvzqzoaeth7 0 26056 839217 721880 2026-05-23T00:51:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Bismillah_Calligraphy1.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bismillah_Calligraphy1.svg|thumb|230x230px|Kira na Basmala]] [[File:Bismillah.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bismillah.svg|alt=Calligraphic rendition of the Bismillah|thumb|Fassarar kiraigraphic na Basmala]] [[File:The_Bismillah_India.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Bismillah_India.jpg|thumb|Kira na Mughal-era]] '''''Basmala''''' (Larabci: بَسْمَلَة, basmalah; wanda kuma aka sani ta hanyar '''''Bi-smi llāh'''''; بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ, "Da sunan Allah",<ref name="W1">{{cite web|url=http://wahiduddin.net/words/bismillah.htm|title=Bismillah al rahman al rahim|last=Shelquist|first=Richard|date=2008-01-03|work=Living from the Heart|publisher=Wahiduddin|access-date=2009-06-21}}</ref> ko '''Tasmiyah''', تَسْمِيَّة) shine jumlar musulunci bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi ( بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ), "Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin ƙai." Yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin jumla a cikin Islama kuma musulmai suna amfani da shi a fannoni daban -daban galibi kafin fara "ayyukan ƙwarai" (alal misali, yayin sallar yau da kullun) da kuma yawancin ayyukan yau da kullun. Ana amfani da shi a cikin fiye da rabin kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasashe inda Musulunci shine addinin hukuma ko fiye da rabin yawan jama'a suna bin addinin Islama, galibi jumla ta farko a cikin farkon gabatarwa, gami da na Afghanistan,<ref name="afghanistanconstitution">{{cite web|title=Afghanistan Constitution|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/af00000_.html|website=International Constitutional Law Project|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Bahrain,<ref name="bahrainconstitution">{{cite web|title=Constitution of the State of Bahrain|url=http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Bahrain.pdf|website=Constitution Finder|publisher=University of Richmond|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616060155/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Bahrain.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bangladesh,<ref name="bangladeshconstitution">{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh|url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/print_sections_all.php?id=367|website=Laws of Bangladesh|publisher=Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Brunei,<ref name="bruneiconstitution">{{cite web|title=Constitution of Brunei Darussalam (as revised 1984)|url=http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Brunei1984English.pdf|website=Constitution Finder|publisher=University of Richmond|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102526/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Brunei1984English.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masar,<ref name="egyptconstitution">{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt 2014|url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf|website=Egypt State Information Service|publisher=Egypt State Information Service|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-date=18 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718052913/http://www.sis.gov.eg/Newvr/Dustor-en001.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iran,<ref name="iranconstitution">{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ir00000_.html|website=International Constitutional Law Project|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Iraki,<ref name="iraqconstitution">{{cite web|title=Iraqi Constitution|url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|website=Republic of Iran - Ministry of Interior - General Directorate of Nationality|access-date=5 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128152712/http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf|archive-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> Kuwait,<ref name="kuwaitconstitution">{{cite web|title=Kuwait Constitution|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ku00000_.html|website=International Constitutional Law Project|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Libya,<ref name="libyaconstitution">{{cite web|title=Libya's Constitution of 2011|url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_2011.pdf|website=Constitute Project|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Maldives,<ref name="maldivesconstitution">{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Republic of Maldives 2008|url=http://www.maldivesinfo.gov.mv/home/upload/downloads/Compilation.pdf|website=Republic of Maldives Ministry of Tourism|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Pakistan,<ref name="pakistanconstitution">{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan|url=http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1333523681_951.pdf|website=National Assembly of Pakistan|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Tunisia<ref name="tunisiaconstitution">{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia|url=http://www.venice.coe.int/files/Constitution%20TUN%20-%2027012014.pdf|website=Venice Commission|publisher=Council of Europe|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.<ref name="uaeconstitution">{{cite web|title=Constitution of the United Arab Emirates|url=http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/48eca8132.pdf|website=Refworld The Leader in Refugee Decision Support|publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|access-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Ita ce jumlar da ake karantawa kafin kowace sura (surar) Alkur'ani - ban da ta tara.<ref name="Ali">{{cite book|last=Ali|first=Kecia|title=Islam: the key concepts|author2=Leaman, Oliver|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=0-415-39638-7|edition=Repr.|location=London}}</ref> Sabanin musulmi kan ko zai hada da Basmala a cikin rubutun Alqur'ani, ya cimma matsaya bayan bugun Alkahira na 1924, wanda ya hada da shi a matsayin aya ta farko (āyah) na sura ta 1 ta Qur'ani amma in ba haka ba an hada shi a matsayin layin rubutu mara adadi wanda ya gabaci sauran 112 masu dacewa. surori.<ref>[[William A. Graham (dean)|William A. Graham]] "Basmala" [[Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an]], Vol. 1</ref> Alamar ''Basmala'' ta Musulunci tana da alaƙa da bambance -bambancen baya na jumlar da ke bayyana a cikin rubutun Larabawa daga ƙarni na 5 da na 6.<ref>Ahmad al-Jallad (2020). "The Linguistic Landscape of pre-Islamic Arabia: Context for the Qur’an", in Mustafa Shah & Muhammad Abdel Haleem (eds.), ''The Oxford Handbook of Quranic Studies''. Oxford University Press, p. 123. {{doi|10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199698646.013.44}}.</ref> A cikin rubutun larabci, Basmala shine jigon da ya fi yawa, har ma fiye da Shahada. == Suna == Sunan gargajiya na jimla a Larabci na gargajiya shine '''Tasmiyah''' (تَسْمِيَّة). Sauran jumlolin da aka saba da su a cikin Islama kuma an ba da nasu sunayen bisa ga fi'ilin sigar fi'ili na 2, gami da Tasbih (تَسْبِيح) don "''Subhan Allah''", [[Alhamdulillah|Tahmid]] (تَحْمِيد) don "Alhamdulillah", [[Takbir]] (تَكْبِير) don "''Allahu Akbar''", Tahlil (تَهْلِيل) don "''la ilaha illa Allah''", da "Ta'awwudh" (تَعَوُّذ) don kalmar "Ina neman tsari da Allah daga Shaiɗan da aka jefe" ({{lang|ar|أَعُوذُ بِٱللَّٰهِ مِنَ ٱلشَّيْطَانِ ٱلرَّجِيمِ}}, {{transl|ar|ʾaʿūḏu bi-llāhi mina š-šayṭāni r-rajīm{{sup|i}}}}). Kalmar basmala ta samo asali ne daga hanyar da ba a saba ganin irinta ba, inda aka yi amfani da huɗu na farkon furcin kalmomin bismi-llāhi ... don ƙirƙirar sabon tushe mai kusurwa huɗu:<ref name="Written Language' 1965 p. 2632">''A New Arabic Grammar of the Written Language'' by J.A. Haywood and H.M. Nahmad (London: Lund Humphries, 1965), {{ISBN|0-85331-585-X}}, p. 263.</ref> b-s-m-l ({{lang|ar|ب-س-م-ل}}) An yi amfani da wannan tushen mai kusurwa huɗu don samo sunan basmala da siffofin fi'ili masu alaƙa, ma'ana "don karanta ''basmala''".Hakanan ana amfani da hanyar ƙirƙirar sunan quadriliteral daga baƙaƙe na kalmomi da yawa a cikin jumla don ƙirƙirar sunan <nowiki>''Hamdala''</nowiki> ga ''Alhamdulillah'', maimakon sunan Tahmid na gargajiya.<ref name="Written Language' 1965 p. 2632" /> Hakanan ana amfani da wannan hanyar don ƙirƙirar kalmar Hawqala. == Amfani da mahimmanci == [[File:بسملة.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9.png|thumb|Rubutun mai sauƙi na Thuluth]] A cewar Lane, ar-raḥmān yana da mahimmancin ma'ana, wanda aka ɗauka don haɗawa azaman abubuwan "tausayawa" ga mai bi da kafiri, don haka ana iya sanya shi a matsayin "Mai tausayi"; ''ar-raḥīm'', a gefe guda, ana ɗauka don haɗawa azaman abubuwa masu bi musamman, ana iya sanya su a matsayin "Mai jin ƙai" (ana ɗaukarsa azaman sifa ce ta dindindin). A cikin Alkur'ani, yawanci ana ƙidaya Basmala azaman farkon farkon sura ta farko, amma, bisa ga ra'ayin da Al-Tabari ya ɗauka, ta riga aya ta farko. Baya ga sura ta tara ("At-Tawba"), Al-Qurtubi ya ruwaito cewa madaidaicin ra'ayi shi ne Basmala ta yi banza da farkon At-Tawba saboda Jibrilu bai yi nuni da Basmala ba a cikin wannan surar, wani ra'ayi, yana cewa Muhammadu ya mutu kafin yayi bayani idan At-Tawba yana cikin Kur'ani 8 (''al-ʾanfāl'') ko a'a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The reason behind that At-Tawbah is the only Surah without Basmala|url=https://quranonline.net/at-taubah/|access-date=2020-06-23|website=quranonline.net|archive-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014000611/https://quranonline.net/at-taubah/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana faruwa ne a farkon kowace surar Alƙur'ani mai zuwa kuma galibi ba a ƙidaya shi azaman aya sai dai a farkon bayyanarsa a farkon surar farko. Basmala tana faruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na rubutun sura a cikin aya ta 30 na sura ta 27 ("An-Naml"), inda ta fara gabatar da wasiƙa daga Sulayman zuwa Bilqis, Sarauniyar Sheba. Ana amfani da ''Basmala'' sosai a rayuwar Musulmi ta yau da kullun, in ji shi azaman buɗe kowane aiki don samun albarka daga Allah.<ref>{{cite web|title=Islamic-Dictionary.com Definition|url=http://www.islamic-dictionary.com/index.php?word=bismillah|access-date=2011-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061528/http://www.islamic-dictionary.com/index.php?word=bismillah|archive-date=2015-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Karatun Basmala shine abin da ake buƙata a cikin shirya abincin halal. A yankin Indiya, ana gudanar da bikin Bismillah don shigar yaro cikin addinin Musulunci. Tabbatattun sunaye guda uku na Basmala—''Allah'', ''ar-Rahman'' da ''ar-Rahim—''sun yi daidai da ukun farko na [[Jerin sunayen Allah a Musulunci|sunayen Allah guda 99]] na gargajiya a Musulunci. Dukansu ''ar-Rahman'' da ''ar-Rahim'' sun fito ne daga tushe guda uku R-Ḥ-M, "don jin tausayi, ko tausayi". Basmala tana da mahimmanci na musamman ga musulmai, waɗanda zasu fara kowane aiki bayan karanta ayar. Ta'awwudh ne ya gabace ta. Kusan 1980, IRIB tayi amfani da ita kafin fara watsa labarai. === Hadisi === [[File:Basmalah-1wm.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Basmalah-1wm.svg|thumb|Rubutun Thuluth]] Akwai hadisai da dama da ke kwadaitar da Musulmai su karanta shi kafin su ci da sha. Misali: Jabir ya ruwaito: Na ji Manzon Allah (sawa) yana cewa, "Idan mutum ya ambaci Sunan Allah yayin shiga gidansa ko cin abinci, Shaidan ya ce, yana yi wa mabiyansa magana: 'Ba za ku sami inda za ku kwana ba kuma babu abincin dare.' Amma idan ya shiga ba tare da ambaton Sunan Allah ba, Shaiɗan ya ce (ga mabiyansa); 'Kun sami (wurin) da za ku kwana a ciki, kuma idan bai ambaci Sunan Allah a lokacin cin abinci ba, Shaiɗan yana cewa: 'Kun sami (wuri) don kwana da abinci.<nowiki>''</nowiki> — Daga Muslim Nana A'isha ta ruwaito cewa: "Manzon Allah ya ce," Idan dayanku yana son cin abinci, to ya fara ambaton Sunan Allah (Bismillah). Idan ya manta yin ta da farko, sai ya yi ''Bismillah awwalahu wa akhirahu'' (Na fara da Sunan Allah a farko da karshensa) ". — Daga Tirmizi da Abu Dawud Umaiyyah bin Makshi ya ruwaito cewa: "Annabi yana zaune yayin da wani mutum yake cin abinci. Wannan mutumin bai ambaci Sunan Allah ba har sai da ɗan abinci kaɗan ya rage. Da ya ɗaga shi zuwa bakinsa, ya ce, ''Bismillah awwalahu wa akhirahu''. Manzon Allah yayi murmushi akan wannan ya ce, "Shaidan ya kasance yana cin abinci tare da shi amma lokacin da ya ambaci Sunan Allah, Shaidan ya tofa duk abin da ke cikin cikinsa". — Daga Abu Dawud da Al-Nasai Wahshi bin Harb ya ruwaito cewa: "Wasu Sahabban Annabi sun ce, 'Muna ci amma ba mu koshi'. Ya ce, 'Wataƙila kuna cin abinci daban.' Sahabbai suka amsa da tabbatacce, sannan ya ce, 'Ku ci tare ku ambaci sunan Allah a kan abincinku. Zai yi muku albarka. — Daga Abu Dawud Dangane da Hadisi, Muhammad yace:<ref name="burckhardt">Titus Burckhardt (2008) [1959]. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bIlj7hvciXQC An Introduction to Sufi Doctrine]''. World Wisdom Inc., Bloomington IN, USA. {{ISBN|1933316500}}. p. 36.</ref> Duk abin da ke cikin littattafan da aka saukar za a same shi a cikin Alkur'ani kuma duk abin da ke cikin Alƙur'ani an taƙaita shi a cikin suratul fatihah ("Mai buɗewa") yayin da ita ma tana kunshe a cikin dabara Bismillahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim ("Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kai"). Hadisin da aka yiwa Imam Ali yana cewa:<ref name="burckhardt" /> Basmalah yana da asali a cikin wasiƙar farko, Ba, kuma wannan kuma a cikin maƙallan sa, wanda hakan ke nuna babban haɗin kai. === Tafsiri === [[File:Bismillah_Hir_Rahman_Nir_Raheem.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bismillah_Hir_Rahman_Nir_Raheem.svg|thumb|Kira na ''Basmala'']] A cikin sharhin Basmala a cikin Tafsirin al-Tabari, al-Tabari ya rubuta: “Manzon Allah (tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi) ya ce Yesu mahaifiyarsa Maryamu ta mika shi makaranta domin a koyar da shi. [Malamin] ya ce masa: 'Rubuta "Bism (A cikin sunan)".' Kuma Yesu ya ce masa: 'Menene' Bism '?' Malamin ya ce: 'Ban sani ba.' Yesu ya ce: ' "Ba" shine Baha'u'llah (ɗaukakar Allah), "Zunubi" shine Sana'arsa (annuri), "Mim" shine Mamlakah (sarauta)."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Momen|first=M.|year=2000|title=Islam and the Bahá'í Faith|publisher=George Ronald|place=Oxford, UK|isbn=0-85398-446-8|page=242}} In note 330 on page 274 of the same book Dr. Momen states the following: "At-Tabarí, ''[[Tafsir al-Tabari|Jámi’-al-Bayán]]'', vol. 1, p.40. Some of the abbreviated editions of this work (such as the Mu’assasah ar-Risálah, Beirut, 1994 edition) omit this passage as does the translation by J. Cooper (Oxford University Press, 1987). Ibn Kathír records this tradition, ''Tafsír'', vol. 1, p. 17. [[Imam al-Suyuti|As-Suyútí]] in ''[[Dur al-Manthur|ad-Durr al-Manthúr]]'', vol. 1, p. 8, also records this tradition and gives a list of other scholars who have cited it including Abú Na’ím al-Isfahání in ''Hilyat al-Awliya’'' and [[Ibn Asakir|Ibn ‘Asákir]] in ''[[History of Damascus (book)|Taríkh Dimashq]]''."</ref> == Kimiyyar lissafi == Jimlar darajar haruffan Basmala na Musulunci, watau jimlar- {{quote|[[File:Basmala.svg|400px|thumb|''Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim''<br/>''"Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin kail]]"''<nowiki>.]]</nowiki>}} Dangane da tsarin Abjadi na lissafin adadi, shine 786.<ref name="ox">Shah & Haleem (eds.), ''The Oxford Handbook of Qur'anic Studies'', Oxford University Press, 2020, pp581, 587-88</ref> Saboda haka wannan lambar ta sami mahimmanci a cikin Islama na mutane da sihirin Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma tana bayyana a lokuta da yawa na al'adun gargajiya, kamar bayyanarsa a cikin waƙar 2006 '786 All is War 'by the band Fun^Da^Mental.<ref name="ox" /> An ba da shawarar yin karatun basmala sau 786 a jere a cikin Al-Buni. Sündermann (2006) ya ba da rahoton cewa wani "mai warkarwa na ruhaniya" na zamani daga Siriya ya ba da shawarar karatun basmala sau 786 a kan kopin ruwa, wanda daga nan za a sha shi a matsayin magani.<ref>Katja Sündermann, ''Spirituelle Heiler im modernen Syrien: Berufsbild und Selbstverständnis - Wissen und Praxis'', Hans Schiler, 2006, [https://books.google.ch/books?id=qNE3N6vbBPsC&pg=PA371&lpg=PA371 p. 371].</ref> Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare a taƙaice kalmar ta hanyar buga "786", musamman a sadarwar yanar gizo, musamman tsakanin Musulman Kudancin Asiya. == Unicode == A cikin Unicode, an sanya Basmala azaman ligature ɗaya a lambar lamba U+FDFD ﷽ a cikin Siffofin Gabatarwa na Larabci-A toshe. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="6" |Unicode |- !rikodin utf-8 !alama !sunan unicode !kwafi !larabci !turanci |- |<code>&#x26;#65021;</code> |﷽ |Alamar larabci Basmala |Bi-smi llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm |بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم |Da sunan Allah, Mai rahama, Mai jin ƙai |} == Manazarta == frcek8ssgz0ft0q3c4l2axau8ypeih4 0 26517 839219 788885 2026-05-23T01:27:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:CORONA VIRUS PROJECT.pdf|thumb|ayyuka akan corona virus]] A yayin barkewar COVID-19(Corona), an ba da rahoton take hakkin dan adam da suka hada da takunkumi, nuna wariya, tsare (Lockdown) ba bisa ka'ida ba da kyamar baki daga sassa daban-daban na duniya. [[Amnesty International|Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International]] ta mayar da martani da cewa "take hakkin dan adam na hana, maimakon saukakewa, martani ga abubuwan gaggawa na lafiyar jama'a tare da lalata ingancin su."<ref name="amnesty72">{{cite web|title=Here are seven ways the coronavirus affects human rights|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/02/explainer-seven-ways-the-coronavirus-affects-human-rights/|website=www.amnesty.org|access-date=13 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Hukumar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta bayyana cewa bai kamata a ba da amsar zaman-gida-gida don rage barkewar cutar ba ta hanyar kare hakkin dan adam.<ref>{{cite news|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 13 April 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--13-april-2020|access-date=13 April 2020|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> An ba da karin damuwa game da tasirin matakan daukar matakan COVID-19 akan hakkin dan adam, dimokiradiyya da shugabanci.<ref>{{cite journal|title=COVID-19 Emergency Measures and the Impending Authoritarian Pandemic|first1=Stephen|last1=Thomson|first2=Eric|last2=Ip|date=29 September 2020|journal=Journal of Law and the Biosciences|volume=7|issue=1|pages=lsaa064|doi=10.1093/jlb/lsaa064|pmid=33569176|pmc=7543595|s2cid=222209692|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2020.65|doi=10.1017/ajil.2020.65|title=Modest International Law: COVID-19, International Legal Responses, and Depoliticization|year=2020|last1=Quintana|first1=Francisco-José|last2=Uriburu|first2=Justina|journal=American Journal of International Law|volume=114|issue=4|pages=687–697|s2cid=225655710}}</ref> Masana da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa batutuwa daban -daban suna ratsawa, kuma yanzu ba batun batu daya ba ne.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2020.68|doi=10.1017/ajil.2020.68|title="Lest We Should Sleep": COVID-19 and Human Rights|year=2020|last1=Bennoune|first1=Karima|journal=American Journal of International Law|volume=114|issue=4|pages=666–676|s2cid=226373571}}</ref> == 'Yancin magana da fadin albarkacin baki == Dangane da rahoton Freedom House, akalla kasashe 91 sun fuskanci kuntatawa kan kafofin watsa labarai a zaman wani bangare na martanin su ga cutar ta COVID-19, tare da wadannan kuntatawa da ke faruwa a cikin kashi 62% na 'kasashe Masu' Yanci 'da 67% na' Ba Kasashe Masu 'Yanci. ' Bugu da Kari kuma, sun kuma ba da rahoton cewa an sanya Karin takunkumin gwamnati kan 'yancin fadar albarkacin baki a cikin akalla kasashe 72.<ref>{{cite web|title=Democracy under Lockdown|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/democracy-under-lockdown|website=Freedom House|language=en}}</ref> === Azerbaijan === [[Sa-ido akan Hakkin dan Adam|Human Rights Watch ta ba da]] rahoton cewa an tsare a kalla masu fafutuka 6 da 'yan jaridu masu goyon bayan adawa bayan sukar matakan da gwamnatoci ke dauka kan cutar, tare da zargin su da yin amfani da takunkumin don rufe bakin adawar siyasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Azerbaijan: Crackdown on Critics Amid Pandemic|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/16/azerbaijan-crackdown-critics-amid-pandemic|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en|date=16 April 2020}}</ref> === Bangladesh === An zargi Gwamnatin Bangladesh da amfani da kwayar cutar a matsayin hanyar murkushe masu sukar gwamnati. A cikin Mayu 2020, Human Rights Watch ta ba da rahoton cewa mutane 11, ciki har da masu rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo, masu zane -zane da 'yan jarida, an kama su saboda rahoton cutar.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bangladesh: Mass Arrests Over Cartoons, Posts|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/07/bangladesh-mass-arrests-over-cartoons-posts|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en|date=7 May 2020}}</ref> === China === Gwamnatin China ta tilasta yin kutse da wuri don murkushe bayanai game da COVID-19 da hadarin da ke tattare da lafiyar jama'a.<ref name="aljazeera2">{{cite news|title=How the coronavirus has deepened human rights abuses in China|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/cloneofcloneofcoronavirus-deepened-human-right-200312074518781.html|work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref name="guardianchina2">{{cite news|last1=Eve|first1=Frances|title=China's reaction to the coronavirus violates human rights Frances Eve|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/02/chinas-reaction-to-the-coronavirus-outbreak-violates-human-rights|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The Guardian|date=2 February 2020}}</ref> Akwai suka da ke cewa an ba da damar barkewar annobar na makwanni kafin a fara kokarin shawo kan cutar.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wuhan|first1=About The Author Da ShijiDa Shiji is the penname of a veteran journalist living in the city of|title=The Truth About "Dramatic Action"|url=https://chinamediaproject.org/2020/01/27/dramatic-actions/|website=China Media Project|access-date=13 March 2020|date=27 January 2020}}</ref> Li Wenliang, likitan kasar Sin wanda ya fadakar da abokan aikinsa game da COVID-19 an tursasa shi sannan aka tsare shi saboda "yada jita-jita ta karya".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Yu|first1=Verna|title=Senior Wuhan doctor dies from coronavirus as authorities start to 'round up' patients|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/feb/18/senior-wuhan-doctor-dies-from-coronavirus-as-authorities-start-to-round-up-patients|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The Guardian|date=18 February 2020}}</ref> Daga baya ya kamu da cutar bayan wani mara lafiya ya kamu da ita.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Buckley|first1=Chris|last2=Myers|first2=Steven Lee|title=As New Coronavirus Spread, China's Old Habits Delayed Fight|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/01/world/asia/china-coronavirus.html|work=The New York Times|date=1 February 2020}}</ref> Amnesty International ta soki matakin da China ta kai wa [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|hukumar ta WHO ya]] hada da rage tsananin barkewar cutar.<ref name="amnesty72" /> <nowiki><i id="mwOA">Plague Inc.</i></nowiki>, wasan tafi -da -gidanka wanda ke mai da hankali kan kwaikwayon cututtukan duniya, Hukumar Cyberspace ta China ta hana ta saboda tana da "abubuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba" kuma an cire shi nan take daga duk shagunan dijital na China. Ndemic Creations, mai habaka wasan, ya ce babu tabbas ko wannan yana da alaka da cutar ta COVID-19, amma sun yi shirin yin aiki tukuru don dawo da wasan su cikin hannun 'yan wasan China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/video-games/2020/02/28/plague-inc-removed-chinas-app-store/|title=Plague Inc removed from China App Store|last=Hume|first=Mike|website=Washington Post}}</ref> === Isra'ila === A ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2020, dubunnan Isra’ilawa sun fito kan tituna a cikin daruruwan yankuna a duk fadin Isra’ila, a cikin kulle-kullen COVID-19, don yin zanga-zangar biyo bayan amincewar majalisar ga sabuwar dokar da ta hana zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati. An hana mutane gudanar da irin wannan zanga -zangar fiye da 1&nbsp;km daga gidajensu, a karkashin sabuwar doka, wacce ta tilasta tsauraran dokoki na nesantawar jama'a. Masu suka sun kira shi da tursasawa 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki. Zanga -zangar ta sabawa dokar, yayin da ta ci gaba da matsin lamba kan Firayim Minista [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] kan yadda ya magance cutar da zargin cin hanci da rashawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/israelis-persist-rallies-against-pm-despite-lockdown|title=Israelis Persist in Rallies Against PM Despite Lockdown|access-date=3 October 2020|website=The Voice of America}}</ref> === Poland === An kori wata gogaggen ungozoma da ke aiki yayin barkewar cutar a wani asibiti na Poland bayan ta buga rahoto a [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ranar 18 ga Maris game da yanayin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da asibitin dangane da cutar. Rahotanni sun fito daga baya cewa an hana likitoci bayar da bayanai ga manema labarai. A ranar 25 ga Maris 2020, Ombudsman na Poland Adam Bodnar ya sanar da Ministan Lafiya cewa an ba da tabbacin 'yancin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na magana da hakkin jama'a na sani a karkashin [[wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of Poland/Chapter 1|Labarai na 2]], [[wikisource:Constitution of the Republic of Poland/Chapter 2|54 da 61 na Tsarin Mulkin Poland]] da kuma korar likitoci ko hukunta su saboda sanar da jama'a. yayin bala'in na iya zama cin zarafin "ka'idojin wajibi". A ranar 26 ga Maris, sakataren gwamnatin Poland na Ma’aikatar Lafiya, {{Interlanguage link|Józefa Szczurek-Żelazko|pl}}, ta buga rubutacciyar sanarwa ta hana masu ba da shawara na kiwon lafiya na voivodeship yin kalamai da suka shafi COVID-19 sai dai idan sun fara tuntubar Ma'aikatar Lafiya ko {{Interlanguage link|Główny Inspektorat Sanitarny|pl}} (GIS, hukumar lafiya ta ƙasa). A likitoci 'kungiyar, ''Porozumieniu Chirurgów SKALPEL,'' ya bayyana domin kamar yadda ci da ceto, kuma ya ce da shi kasai bala'i. === Turkiya === Hukumomin tilasta bin doka sun tsare masu amfani da shafukan sada zumunta 19 wadanda sakonnin su “ ba su da tushe kuma suna tsokana”, abin da ya haifar da fargaba da fargaba a cewar jami’an.<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey detains 19 people over 'provocative' coronavirus posts|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-turkey/turkey-detains-19-people-over-provocative-coronavirus-posts-idUSKBN2140T9|access-date=27 April 2020|work=Reuters|date=17 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Wasu jaridu sun ɗauki waɗannan ayyukan a matsayin takunkumi .<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus Has Started a Censorship Pandemic|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom/|work=The Foreign Policy|date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 6 ga Afrilu, a kalla 'yan jarida bakwai, kowannensu na ba da rahoto ga kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida, an tsare su saboda yadda suka ba da labarin barkewar cutar, kuma hukumar sa ido kan kafafen yada labarai ta jihar ta ci a kalla tashoshi uku don ba da labarin barkewar cutar, gami da babban tashar Habertürk, wanda aka hukunta bayan ƙwararren masanin kiwon lafiya ya bayyana cewa ƙarancin gwajin da yawan kamuwa da cutar yana nufin akwai lokuta da yawa da ba a gano su ba, wanda ya zarce alkaluman da gwamnati ta tabbatar.<ref name="AlMonitorHospitals2">{{cite news|url=https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/04/turkey-build-hospitals-coronavirus.html|title=Turkey builds more hospitals as coronavirus cases spike|date=April 6, 2020|author=Ayla Jean Yackley|agency=Al Monitor}}</ref> Sakamakon barkewar cutar COVID-19, majalisar dokokin Turkiyya ta amince da daftarin doka wanda zai iya ba da damar sakin fursunoni kusan 100,000, gami da mutanen da ke da alhakin mutuwa. Koyaya, dokar ta ware fursunonin siyasa kusan dubu hamsin na Turkiyya,<ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey plans prisoner release, excluding those jailed on post-coup terrorism charges|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-turkey-prisoners/turkey-plans-prisoner-release-excluding-those-jailed-on-post-coup-terrorism-charges-idUSKBN21P1WW|work=Reuters|date=7 April 2020}}</ref> ciki har da 'yan jarida da masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, waɗanda aka ce za su ci gaba da zama a gidan yari duk da cunkoso da yanayin rayuwa mara tsafta wanda tuni ke haifar da babbar barazana ga lafiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/03/turkey-imprisoned-journalists-human-rights-defenders-and-others-now-at-risk-of-covid-19-must-be-urgently-released/|title=Turkey: Imprisoned journalists, human rights defenders and others, now at risk of Covid-19, must be urgently released|access-date=30 March 2020|website=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Turkey releasing murderers – but not political opponents – from prison amid coronavirus pandemic|url=https://theconversation.com/turkey-releasing-murderers-but-not-political-opponents-from-prison-amid-coronavirus-pandemic-136466|work=[[The Conversation (website)]]|date=23 April 2020}}</ref> === Turkmenistan === Gwamnatin Turkmenistan ta haramta kalmar "coronavirus" a kafofin watsa labarai.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2020/03/31/turkmenistan-government-outlaws-use-of-word-coronavirus/|title=Turkmenistan government outlaws any mention of the word 'coronavirus'|date=31 March 2020}}</ref> === Cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a === Hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa daban-daban sun yi amfani da matakan hana spam don abubuwan da aka buga game da SARS-CoV-2 da cutar. [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ana zarginsa da toshe bayanan da ke bayani game da kwayar cutar. A cewar masu amfani, an toshe posts game da COVID-19 daga ingantattun kafofin watsa labarai kuma an ɓoye su ga sauran masu amfani. Facebook ya yi ikirarin cewa kwaro ne ke da alhakin wannan, amma makirce -makirce suna yawo cewa da gangan aka yi hakan don murkushe bayanai.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Koetsier|first1=John|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2020/03/17/facebook-deleting-coronavirus-posts-leading-to-charges-of-censorship/#29a970be5962|title=Facebook Deleting Coronavirus Posts, Leading To Charges Of Censorship|date=17 March 2020|work=Forbes}}</ref> YouTube ya lalata bidiyon da yawa inda aka yi amfani da kalmar "corona". An kawo alamar aljanu a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin abun ciki mai mahimmanci.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/youtube-reportedly-censors-videos-about-novel-coronavirus-by-removal-or-demonetization-company-says-they-fall-under-%E2%80%9Csensitive-topics%E2%80%9D|title=YouTube reportedly censors videos about novel coronavirus by removal or demonetization, company says they fall under 'sensitive topics'|date=20 March 2020}}</ref> == Hakkin lafiya == === China === A China, dole ne a juya marasa lafiya da yawa daga asibitoci bayan sa'o'i da yawa a layi saboda yawan marasa lafiya.<ref name="amnesty72" /> An bayar da rahoton karancin gwaji da magani.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Qin|first1=Amy|title=Coronavirus Pummels Wuhan, a City Short of Supplies and Overwhelmed|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/02/world/asia/china-coronavirus-wuhan.html|work=The New York Times|date=2 February 2020}}</ref> === Italiya === Saboda yawaitar shigar masu haƙuri a Italiya, likitoci sun tilasta yanke shawara kan ko za a kula da tsofaffi, ko a bar su su mutu.<ref name="italyhealth2">{{cite news|last1=Horowitz|first1=Jason|title=Italy's Health Care System Groans Under Coronavirus — a Warning to the World|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/europe/12italy-coronavirus-health-care.html|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The New York Times|date=12 March 2020}}</ref> An yada hoton wata ma'aikaciyar jinya da ta fadi saboda yawan aiki a wani asibitin Italiya a matsayin alamar tsarin da ya cika.<ref name="italyhealth2" /> === Libya === A Libiya, halin rashin lafiya yana taɓarɓarewa yayin yaƙin da ke gudana, inda ake kai hare -hare kan asibitoci koyaushe. A cikin watan Afrilu 2020, mai kula da ayyukan jin kai na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] [[Libya|na Libya]], Yacoub El Hillo ya tabbatar da cewa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya 27 sun lalace kuma 14 na kusa cikin makonni biyar. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, sojojin da ke samun goyon bayan Hadaddiyar Daular Khalifa Haftar sun kai hari da makamin roka kan Grad kan Babban Asibitin Al-Khadra tare da lalata ginin gadaje 400, inda ake kula da marasa lafiya 300, ciki har da marasa lafiya biyu na COVID-19. Yacoub El Hillo yayi Allah wadai da harin a matsayin cin zarafin dokokin jin kai na kasa da kasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061272|title=Course of coronavirus pandemic across Libya, depends on silencing the guns|access-date=7 April 2020|website=UN News|date=7 April 2020|archive-date=18 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518173222/https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061272|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/libya-war-escalates-health-care-system-crumbles|title=Libya War Escalates as Health Care System Crumbles|access-date=7 April 2020|website=Voice Of America}}</ref> === Tarayyar Rasha === An canja asibitoci na musamman ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtukan numfashi. Wannan ya kara tsananta samuwar kulawar likita ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da munanan cututtuka. A cewar tawagar kwararru, wannan ya haifar da karuwar mace -macen da ya ninka adadin wadanda suka mutu sakamakon ciwon huhu.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Alexander Saversky|title=Comprehensive expert assessment "Study of decisions taken by authorities during the COVID-19 outbreak"|date=2020-09-27|publisher=All-Russian public organization "League of patient advocates"|location=Moscow|pages=118|url=http://ligap.ru/netcat_files/File/Экспертиза.pdf|access-date=11 November 2020|language=ru}}</ref> == 'Yanci daga nuna bambanci == === Wariyar launin fata da kyamar baki === An sami karuwar rahotannin wariyar launin fata kan mutanen Asiya, musamman kan mutanen China a Turai da Amurka.<ref>{{cite news|title=Has coronavirus prompted rise in racist incidents across Europe?|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3052961/has-coronavirus-prompted-rise-racist-incidents-across-europe|work=South China Morning Post|date=29 February 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The coronavirus spreads racism against—and among—ethnic Chinese|url=https://www.economist.com/china/2020/02/17/the-coronavirus-spreads-racism-against-and-among-ethnic-chinese|access-date=13 March 2020|work=The Economist}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Burton|first1=Nylah|title=The coronavirus exposes the history of racism and "cleanliness"|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/7/21126758/coronavirus-xenophobia-racism-china-asians|access-date=13 March 2020|work=Vox|date=7 February 2020|language=en}}</ref> Kwamitin [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Gaggawa na Hukumar Lafiya ta]] Duniya ya fitar da wata sanarwa da ke ba da shawara ga dukkan kasashe da su tuna da "ka'idojin Mataki na 3 na IHR ( Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya )," wanda WHO ta ce ta yi taka tsantsan da "ayyukan da ke inganta kyama ko nuna bambanci., "lokacin gudanar da matakan mayar da martani na kasa game da barkewar cutar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|title=Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|website=WHO|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131005904/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|archive-date=31 January 2020|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> Wani mai daukar hoton ma’aikatan Washington Post ya dauki hoton hoton jawabin shugaban Amurka Donald Trump wanda a ciki ya tsallake kalmar “coronavirus” ya maye gurbinsa da kalmomin “cutar China.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/20/politics/donald-trump-china-virus-coronavirus/index.html|title=Yes, of course Donald Trump is calling coronavirus the 'China virus' for political reasons|last=Editor-at-large|first=Analysis by Chris Cillizza, CNN|website=CNN|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> <ref name="Botsford">{{Cite web}}</ref> Trump ya kira COVID-19 a matsayin "kwayar cutar Sinawa" a cikin jawabansa yayin ci gaba da zanga-zangar nuna wariyar launin fata daga bangarori daban-daban. Koyaya, ya bayyana cewa bai yarda maganganun nasa na nuna wariyar launin fata ba saboda kwayar cutar ta samo asali ne daga wurin, kuma ya kuma bayyana cewa yana da niyyar magance farfagandar China wacce ke ikirarin cewa asalin sojojin Amurka ne suka kawo cutar a China.<ref name="Botsford2">{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/jabinbotsford/status/1240701140141879298|title=Close up of President @realDonaldTrump notes is seen where he crossed out "Corona" and replaced it with "Chinese" Virus as he speaks with his coronavirus task force today at the White House. #trump #trumpnotespic.twitter.com/kVw9yrPPeJ|last=Botsford|first=Jabin|date=2020-03-19|website=@jabinbotsford|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freebeacon.com/latest-news/it-comes-from-china-trump-hits-chinese-for-blaming-coronavirus-on-american-soldiers/|title='It Comes From China': Trump Hits Chinese for Blaming Coronavirus on American Soldiers|date=2020-03-18|website=Washington Free Beacon|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Indiya ta ga mutane da yawa daga sassan arewa maso gabas da ake kira 'coronavirus' saboda kamanceceniyar launin fatarsu ga mutanen China, ƙasar da cutar ta samo asali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-outbreak-in-india-northeast-racial-targeting-delhi-1657276-2020-03-19|title=Being called corona: People from Northeast allege racial targeting in Delhi|last1=DelhiMarch 19|first1=Ankit Yadav New|last2=March 19|first2=2020UPDATED|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23|last3=Ist|first3=2020 10:45}}</ref> Wannan yana cikin matsalolin matsalolin wariyar launin fata da mutane daga waɗannan yankuna ke ci gaba da fuskanta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/02/voices-from-india-northeast-201421811314600858.html|title=India's northeast speaks out against racism|last=Das|first=Bijoyeta|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> Karamar ministar harkokin marasa rinjaye ta gwamnatin Indiya, Kiren Rijiju ta yi bayani kan karuwar maganganun wariyar launin fata kan mutanen Arewa maso Gabashin Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/kiren-rijuju-calls-out-increasing-racist-abuse-against-northeast-indians-in-wake-of-coronavirus-2541309.html|title=Kiren Rijuju Calls Out Increasing Racist Abuse Against Northeast Indians in Wake of Coronavirus|date=2020-03-18|website=News18|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Mayu 2020, [[Maleziya|hukumomin Malaysia]] sun tattara tare da tsare kusan bakin haure 586 da ba su da takardun aiki a wani samamen da aka gudanar a [[Kuala Lumpur]] . Bakin hauren da aka tsare sun hada da yara kanana da kuma 'yan kabilar Rohingya' yan gudun hijira daga Myanmar, a yayin da ake samun karuwar kyamar baki. [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta yi Allah wadai da matakin, wanda ya bukaci Malaysia da ta guji irin wannan tsarewar da kuma sakin yaran, tana mai gargadin cewa cibiyoyin da ke cike da cunkoso za su kasance masu matukar rauni yayin bala'in COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/02/malaysia-cites-covid-19-for-rounding-up-hundreds-of-migrants|title=Malaysia cites Covid-19 for rounding up hundreds of migrants|access-date=2 May 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin watan Yuni 2020, a rahoton a [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] alama cewa kabilanci 'yan tsiraru ne a wata mafi girma hadarin rasa rayukansu saboda COVID-19. A ranar 5 ga Yuni, Hukumar Daidaitawa da Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam (EHRC) ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da binciken doka kan rashin daidaiton launin fata, wanda aka fallasa yayin yawan shari'o'in COVID-19 a Burtaniya. Binciken mai sa ido kan kare hakkin dan adam shi ne bayar da bayanan da ke da tushe, wadanda aka tilasta su daga sassan gwamnati da kungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-52925412|title=Coronavirus: Watchdog to investigate racial inequalities|access-date=5 June 2020|website=BBC}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuni, wata kasida daga Jaridar Wall Street Journal ta bayyana cewa adadin asibitoci da mutuwa a Amurka da ke da alaƙa da Covid-19 an lura sun fi girma ga ƙungiyoyin da ba fararen fata ba ko da bayan daidaitawa ga dalilai kamar shekaru da yanayin ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/as-in-u-s-covid-19-risk-in-britain-is-higher-for-minority-groups-11593431777|title=Research Lays Bare Covid-19's Outsize Impact on Ethnic Minorities|access-date=22 August 2020|website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> A cikin wani rahoto da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka suka fitar suna nazarin COVID -19 asibiti a tsakanin yaran Amurkawa, an gano cewa 40% na binciken yaran da aka kwantar da asibiti Hispanic ne kuma 33% Baƙaƙe ne. Binciken ya kammala da cewa al'ummomin marasa rinjaye sun fi fuskantar hadari saboda rashin daidaiton zamantakewar al'umma, kamar rashin daidaiton tattalin arziki da matsayin inshora.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6932e2.htm?s_cid=mm6932e2_x|title=COVID-19–Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children — United States, March–July 2020|access-date=22 August 2020|website=CDC}}</ref> === Cin mutunci === Mutane sun ba da rahoton fuskantar ƙuntatawar zamantakewa bayan sun murmure daga rashin lafiya.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coronavirus recovery: I had to deal with a lot of social stigma after I healed - Times of India|language=en|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/coronavirus-recovery-i-had-to-deal-with-a-lot-of-social-stigma-after-i-healed/articleshow/74760731.cms|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Wasu ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke kula da mutanen da ke da COVID-19 suma sun ba da rahoton fuskantar matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa saboda fargabar cin mutuncin danginsu da al'ummarsu.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Samuel|first1=Sigal|date=26 March 2020|title=Doctors and nurses are risking their mental health for us|language=en|work=Vox|url=https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/3/26/21193122/coronavirus-mental-health-doctors-nurses-covid-19|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Cocin Shincheonji na Yesu, ƙungiyar marasa rinjaye na addini da ke Koriya ta Kudu, da membobinta da ke da alaƙa sun fuskanci wariya da cin zarafi akan layi da layi saboda hanyar haɗin gwiwa zuwa farkon barkewar COVID-19 a Daegu, Koriya ta Kudu. Membobin sun ba da rahoton hare-haren tashin hankali, cin zarafin kan layi, lalacewar kasuwanci, da cin zarafi a wuraren aiki da makarantu sakamakon ƙin Shincheonji da ya tashi tun daga watan Fabrairu 2020.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2020}} A cikin Nuwamba 2020, Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Koriya da Cibiyar Bincike ta Koriya ta Koriya sun ba da rahoton cewa akwai kararraki 86,451 na kalaman kiyayya ta yanar gizo da aka yi niyya ga Shincheonji, tsakanin Fabrairu 2020 da Mayu 2020, a kan dandamali daban -daban na kafofin watsa labarun, allon al'umma na kan layi, da shafukan yanar gizo, suna zargin Shincheonji da yaduwar COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20200923009015|title=Hatred in the Times of Coronavirus Passed On Towards the Weak|date=September 22, 2020|work=[[Seoul Shinmun]]}}</ref> Akwai lamura guda biyu na mata da aka tura su kashe kansu sakamakon zargin COVID-19 da nuna wariya ga membobin Shincheonji. A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, an ba da rahoton cewa wata mace 'yar Shincheonji ta samu hari daga mijinta wanda ke kokarin tilasta mata barin Shincheonji, kuma ta mutu bayan ta fado daga bene na bakwai.<ref name="NIH2">{{cite journal|last1=Yi|first1=Joseph|last2=Lee|first2=Wondong|date=17 July 2020|title=Pandemic Nationalism in South Korea|journal=Society|volume=2020|issue=4|pages=446–451|doi=10.1007/s12115-020-00509-z|pmid=32836554|pmc=7367163|doi-access=free}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Mayu, wata 'yar'uwar Shincheonji' yar shekara 42, wacce aka ci zarafin ma'aurata da ake zargi saboda alakarta da Shincheonji, ta mutu bayan ta fado daga gidan bene na 11. <ref name="NIH">{{Cite journal}}</ref> === Rashin nuna bambanci === A ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2020, Babban Kwamishinan OSCE a kan Ƙananan Ƙananan Ƙasa ya ba da wata takarda da ake kira "Ƙarfafa bambancin: Matakan COVID-19 waɗanda ke tallafawa haɗin kan jama'a".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Streamlining diversity: COVID-19 measures that support social cohesion|url=https://www.osce.org/hcnm/450433|access-date=2020-06-02|website=www.osce.org|language=en}}</ref> Daftarin ya haɗa da shawarwari ga ƙasashe masu shiga cikin OSCE an haɗa su akan yadda martanin gwamnati ga COVID-19 zai iya tabbatar da haɗin kai da kuma kula da bambancin zamantakewa. Manyan ka'idoji sun haɗa da: kiyaye haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam, kasancewa tare da kula da buƙatun harshe, da kuma kiyaye rashin haƙuri ga nuna bambanci da ƙyamar baƙi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Response|url=https://www.osce.org/covid19-portal|access-date=2020-06-02|website=www.osce.org|language=en|archive-date=2020-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530190355/https://www.osce.org/covid19-portal|url-status=dead}}</ref> == 'Yancin bayanai == === Danne bayanai === Amnesty International ta ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin China ta tozarta labarai da dama da suka shafi cutar ta COVID-19 a China. Nicholas Bequelin, Daraktan Yankin na Amnesty International ya soki cewa "hukumomin China suna haɗarin hana bayanan da zasu iya taimaka wa ƙungiyar likitocin magance coronavirus da taimakawa mutane kare kansu daga kamuwa da ita".<ref name="amnesty72" /> [[Twitter|Twitter ya]] toshe raba wani sako, wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Brazil ta buga a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2021, wanda ya bukaci mutane da su nemi magani da wuri don kamuwa da COVID-19. Sanarwar ta Ma'aikatar ta ba da shawarar: "Don yaƙar Covid-19, ƙa'idar ba ta jira ba. Da zarar an fara magani, mafi girman damar samun lafiya. Don haka, zauna a hankali! Lokacin nuna alamun Covid-19, # Kada ku Dakata, je Sashin Kiwon Lafiya ku nemi magani da wuri. ” A cikin toshe tweet din, Twitter ya ce: "Wannan Tweet ɗin ya keta Dokokin Twitter game da yada ɓarna da yiwuwar cutarwa da ke da alaƙa da COVID-19."<ref>{{cite web|title=Ministério da Saúde|url=https://twitter.com/minsaude/status/1349159477111476225/|access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> == 'Yanci daga kamawa ba tare da izini ba == Masu fafutuka da ke musayar bayanai game da yanayin annobar COVID-19 a China sun firgita kuma an tursasa su.<ref name="amnesty72" /> <ref>{{cite news|title=He filmed corpses of coronavirus victims in China. Then the police broke into his home|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-02-03/china-wuhan-coronavirus-censorship|work=Los Angeles Times|date=3 February 2020}}</ref>A cikin Amurka, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta isa Majalisa don ikon tambayar manyan alkalai su tsare mutane har abada ba tare da fitina ba yayin bala'i-wani ɓangare na tura sabbin madafun iko wanda ya zo yayin da COVID-19 da farko ya bazu ko'ina cikin Amurka.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Swan|first1=Betsy Woodruff|title=DOJ seeks new emergency powers amid coronavirus pandemic|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/21/doj-coronavirus-emergency-powers-140023|access-date=5 April 2020|work=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Mayu, Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Michelle Bachelet ya yi gargadin cewa wasu gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da karfin ikon gaggawa da kulle-kullen da aka sanya a tsakanin cutar ta COVID-19. Ta yin amfani da halin da ake ciki, gwamnatocin da aka ambata suna yunƙurin rufe bakin masu adawa da kuma hana abokan adawar siyasa, masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yan jarida. Ta kuma bayyana cewa yakamata a mayar da martanin rikicin "da hujjojin kimiyya", maimakon siyasa ko tattalin arziki.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200515-some-governments-using-covid-19-to-stifle-dissent-un-human-rights-chief-warns|title=Some governments 'using' Covid-19 to stifle dissent, UN human rights chief warns|access-date=15 May 2020|website=France 24}}</ref> A cikin rahoton su na 'Dimokradiyya a ƙarƙashin kullewa', binciken Freedom House ya sami shaidar cin zarafin 'yan sanda kan fararen hula aƙalla ƙasashe 59, da tsarewa da kamun da ke da alaƙa da martanin cutar a cikin ƙasashe akalla 66.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Democracy under Lockdown|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/democracy-under-lockdown|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Freedom House|language=en}}</ref> Misalan wannan sun haɗa da Kenya, wacce ake tuhumar 'yan sandan ta da duka da hawaye a kan mutane yayin da suke kan hanyarsu ta komawa gida daga aiki,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-31|title=Kenya Police Abuses Could Undermine Coronavirus Fight|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/31/kenya-police-abuses-could-undermine-coronavirus-fight|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref> da Zimbabwe, wanda Amnesty International ta zargi gwamnatin ta da amfani da cutar a matsayin hujjar murƙushe masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwe: Authorities thwart anti-corruption protests, launch a witch-hunt against activists|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/07/zimbabwe-authorities-thwart-anti-corruption-protests-launch-a-witchhunt-against-activists/|access-date=2021-01-06|website=www.amnesty.org|language=en}}</ref> === Tsare bakin haure, 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka === Kasashe da dama sun tsare 'yan ci-rani,' yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka ba bisa ka'ida ba, ba bisa ka'ida ba, wanda hakan ya sabawa dokar kasa da kasa da 'yancin dan adam. [[Amnesty International|Amnesty International ta]] soki gwamnatocin Amurka, Mexico, Kanada, Curaçao, da [[Trinidad da Tobago]] don ci gaba da “tare tare da tsare dubunnan manya, iyalai, da yara a wuraren tsare bakin haure” a tsakanin COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/press/2020/7/5f1569344/unhcr-stresses-urgent-need-states-end-unlawful-detention-refugees-asylum.html|title=UNHCR stresses urgent need for States to end unlawful detention of refugees and asylum-seekers, amidst COVID-19 pandemic|access-date=22 August 2020|website=UNHCR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/take-action/release-migrants-and-asylum-seekers-from-detention-during-covid-19/|title=Americas: release migrants and asylum-seekers from detention during covid-19 pandemic|access-date=22 August 2020|website=Amnesty International|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919223219/https://www.amnesty.org/en/get-involved/take-action/release-migrants-and-asylum-seekers-from-detention-during-covid-19/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/covid-19-immigration-detention-what-can-governments-and-other-stakeholders-do|title=COVID-19 & Immigration Detention: What Can Governments and Other Stakeholders Do? Statement by the United Nations Network on Migration|access-date=22 August 2020|website=UNICEF}}</ref> == 'Yancin motsi == === Sarrafa iyaka da keɓewa === ==== Turkmenistan ==== Sabis na kan iyaka na Turkmenistan ya sami horo kan layi akan "kula da wuraren ƙetare iyaka (BCP) a cikin yanayin yaƙin duniya da cutar ta COVID-19".<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=OSCE organizes online medical training on management of border-crossing points in Turkmenistan|url=https://www.osce.org/centre-in-ashgabat/452773|access-date=2020-06-02|website=www.osce.org|language=en}}</ref> Cibiyar OSCE da ke Ashgabat ce ta shirya taron [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|tare da Ofishin Hukumar WHO]] na Turkmenistan, Ofishin Yankin WHO na Turai, Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya, da Masana'antar Likitancin Turkmenistan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}</ref> ==== Ostiraliya ==== Gwamnatin Ostireliya ta tura daruruwan Australiya da aka kwashe daga Wuhan a watan Fabrairu 2020 zuwa cibiyar tsare bakin haure a Tsibirin Kirsimeti , inda kungiyar likitocin Ostiraliya ta bayyana yanayin a matsayin "rashin mutunci".<ref name="amnesty72" /><ref name=":0" /> Wadanda aka kora daga baya sun ba da rahoton cewa yayin da suke cikin damuwa game da jinyar da za su yi kafin su isa Tsibirin Kirsimeti, sun bayyana shirye -shiryen lokacinsu na keɓewa a cibiyar da kyau.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Carmody|first1=James|last2=Kallios|first2=Natasha|last3=Pianegonda|first3=Elise|last4=Xiao|first4=Bang|title=Australians fly home from quarantine on Christmas Island after coronavirus evacuation from Wuhan|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-17/australian-evacuees-from-wuhan-to-christmas-island-arrive-home/11971174|access-date=1 March 2021|work=ABC News|date=17 February 2020}}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2020 [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ya bayyana cewa tsananin rufe iyakokin cikin gida da Gwamnatin Yammacin Ostiraliya ta sanya "yana haifar da wahala ga iyalai". Kungiyar ta ba da shawarar cewa "yakamata gwamnati ta kara yin banbanci ga lamuran jin kai, da fifikon haduwar dangi, samar da karin haske game da tsarin amincewa, da bayar da cikakkun bayanai ga mutanen da aka hana izinin komawa jihar su ta asali".<ref>{{cite web|title=Western Australia: Covid-19 Hard Border Causing Hardship|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/10/28/western-australia-covid-19-hard-border-causing-hardship|publisher=Human Rights Watch|access-date=1 March 2021|date=28 October 2020}}</ref> Malaman ilimi Jane McAdam da Ben Saul sun nuna damuwa a cikin Disamba 2020 cewa ƙuntatawa da aka sanya akan adadin mutanen Australiya waɗanda suka sami damar shiga ƙasar da kuma yadda aka keɓe wuraren keɓewa na otal ɗin otal na iya zama take hakkin ɗan adam.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McAdam|first1=Jane|last2=Saul|first2=Ben|title=Under human rights law, Australia runs out of excuses for leaving citizens stranded overseas|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/under-human-rights-law-australia-runs-out-of-excuses-for-leaving-citizens-stranded-overseas-20201210-p56mc6.html|access-date=1 March 2021|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=10 December 2020}}</ref> ==== Argentina ==== A Argentina, dokar ta -baci ta taƙaita haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki ('yancin kan mutum, ' yancin motsi, [[Ƴancin Yin Taro|'yancin yin taro]]), da sararin soji na jama'a. Ba a san ƙalubalen doka kan matakan ba. Kotun koli ta Argentina ta tsawaita hutun aikinta na shekara -shekara, tare da takaita samun damar yin adalci.<ref>{{citation|title=Argentina: Facing Coronavirus in the Shadow of the Rule of Law|date=2020-06-08|publisher=Bill of Health|url=https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2020/06/08/argentina-global-responses-covid19/|access-date=2021-10-21|archive-date=2021-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021150035/https://blog.petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/2020/06/08/argentina-global-responses-covid19/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == 'Yancin taro == Ƙuntatawa akan motsi, gami da kulle -kulle, ya yi tasiri ga bayyana 'yancin yin taro ta hanyar sanya iyakan mutanen da za su iya haɗuwa a kowane taro, ko hana duk wani taro kai tsaye. == 'Yancin addini == Ƙuntatawa na kullewa a wasu ƙasashe ya sanya iyakance masu yin aikin ibada. Hukumomi a wasu ƙasashe sun ba da [[Kiran Sallah|damar a saurari kiran sallar]] musulmi daga minarets a cikin Ramadan . A Austria, Poland, Faransa da wasu Europeanan wasu ƙasashen Turai, jami'ai sun sanya rufe fuska a matsayin matakin kariya, yayin da fewan shekarun da suka gabata suka hana haƙƙin rufe fuskar mata Musulmai waɗanda ke son yin hakan a zaman wani ɓangare na rigunan addini. == Dama na sirri == Gwamnatoci a ƙasashe da yawa suna gudanar da sa ido kan jama'a domin gudanar da binciken gano cutar da yaɗuwarta.<ref>{{cite web|title=Governments Should Respect Rights in COVID-19 Surveillance|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/02/governments-should-respect-rights-covid-19-surveillance|website=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2 April 2020|language=en|date=2 April 2020}}</ref> A China, gwamnati ta sanya CCTV a ƙofar mutanen da aka keɓe don tabbatar da cewa ba su fita ba.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kharpal|first1=Arjun|title=Use of surveillance to fight coronavirus raises concerns about government power after pandemic ends|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/27/coronavirus-surveillance-used-by-governments-to-fight-pandemic-privacy-concerns.html|access-date=31 March 2020|work=CNBC|date=26 March 2020|ref=cnbc|language=en}}</ref> An sanya wasu mazauna Hong Kong su sanya guntun wuyan hannu da ke da alaƙa da app na wayar salula don faɗakar da hukuma idan mutumin ya keɓe keɓe.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saiidi|first1=Uptin|title=Hong Kong is putting electronic wristbands on arriving passengers to enforce coronavirus quarantine|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/18/hong-kong-uses-electronic-wristbands-to-enforce-coronavirus-quarantine.html|access-date=31 March 2020|work=CNBC|date=18 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> A wasu sassan Indiya, an hatimci fasinjoji da tawada da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba, ranar har sai mutum ya ci gaba da keɓewa.<ref>{{cite news|title=Privacy fears as India hand stamps suspected coronavirus cases|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-privacy/privacy-fears-as-india-hand-stamps-suspected-coronavirus-cases-idUSKBN21716U|access-date=31 March 2020|work=Reuters|date=20 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2020, [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch ta ba da]] rahoton cewa aikace-aikacen sa ido na wayar tafi-da-gidanka da gwamnatoci a duniya ke amfani da su don magance [[Koronavirus 2019|rikicin COVID-19]], yana haifar da haɗarin haƙƙin ɗan adam. A hakkokin kungiyar zargin cewa mai amfani na irin wannan shirye-shirye da aka har yanzu m, kuma tare da sauki damar zuwa mai amfani da geopolitical wuri da kuma kusanci bayanai, disproportionate kula iya barazana da su na sirri tsare sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title=Privacy fears as India hand stamps suspected coronavirus cases|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-privacy/privacy-fears-as-india-hand-stamps-suspected-coronavirus-cases-idUSKBN21716U|access-date=31 March 2020|work=Reuters|date=20 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2020, Hukumar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Scotland ta rubuta wasika ga Kwamitin Adalci na Holyrood da ke nuna mummunan yanayin da ke cikin gidajen yarin Scotland a yayin barkewar cutar. A cikin wasikar ta, hukumar ta bayar da hujjar cewa matsayin da ake da shi a halin yanzu na iya haifar da cin zarafin fursunoni, wanda hakan ya saba wa kasida ta 3 na yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Turai . “Wataƙila mutanen da ke cikin kurkuku za su fi fuskantar haɗarin da tasirin COVID-19. Rufewar yanayin tsarewa yana sanya nisantar zamantakewa kusan ba zai yiwu ba; fursunoni da yawa a halin yanzu suna zaune tare a cikin sel da aka tsara don mutum ɗaya; kuma fursunoni suna yin karin lokaci a cikin dakunan su ba tare da yiwuwar samun ziyara daga dangin su ba, ”in ji Judith Robertson, shugaban hukumar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/b/human-rights-campaigners-concerned-by-inhuman-and-degrading-treatment-in-scotland-prisons|title=Human rights campaigners concerned by 'inhuman treatment' in Scotland's prisons|access-date=18 May 2020|website=Morning Star}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2020, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam da Hukumar ASEAN ta Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (AICHR) sun aike da wata budaddiyar wasika ga gwamnatin Indonesiya don fitar da doka kan kokarin ta na tuntubar COVID-19, gami da bayanan da aka tattara da kuma yadda yakamata bayanan su a bi da su don kare sirrin mutane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/07/01/human-rights-groups-urge-privacy-protection-in-covid-19-contact-tracing-efforts.html|title=Human rights groups urge privacy protection in COVID-19 contact tracing efforts|access-date=1 July 2020|website=The Jakartapost}}</ref> == Cin zarafi a gidajen yari == A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2020, hoton da [[Amnesty International]] ta raba ya nuna cewa wadanda ake tsare da su a cikin gidan yarin Cambodia suna rayuwa cikin "yanayin rashin tausayi." Tare da aƙalla fursunoni 25 suna kwance a ƙasa na ƙaramin ɗaki guda ɗaya, ana zargin gidan yarin yana cike da cunkoso kuma ya keta buƙatun nesanta jiki. An kira ta da "bam na ɗan lokaci, musamman lokacin barkewar cutar coronavirus."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/cambodia-exclusive-footage-reveals-deplorable-prison-conditions/|title=Cambodia: Exclusive footage reveals deplorable prison conditions|access-date=10 April 2020|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> Matakan [[Killace masu cuta|keɓewa]] a tsakanin cutar ta COVID-19 sun yanke yanayin a cikin [[Rashin tsafta|marasa tsabta]] da [[Cibiyoyin tsare mutane|cibiyoyin]] cunkoso na [[Latin Amurka]] . Rashin abinci, wanda yawanci dangin fursunonin ke bayarwa, ya haifar da sabon tashin hankali a cikin [[Venezuela|gidan yarin Venezuela]], a cikin gidan yarin Los Llanos (CEPELLA) a [[Guanare]] . Rikicin da ya [[Tarzoma|barke]] a cikin gidan yarin ya kashe a kalla fursunoni 46 tare da jikkata sama da 70, ciki har da jami’in tsaron kasa da kuma wani mai gadin gidan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/riot-in-central-venezuelean-prison-kills-dozens|title=Riot in Venezuela prison kills at least 40 and injures 50, including warden|access-date=2 May 2020|website=The Guardian}}</ref> [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|Kungiyoyin kare hakkin]] bil'adama, ciki har da [[Amnesty International]], sun yi kira da a gudanar da bincike tare da yin nazari kan martanin da hukumomi suka mayar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/05/venezuela-masacre-centro-detencion-guanare-no-debe-quedar-impune/|title=Venezuela: Massacre at Guanare detention centre must not go unpunished|access-date=2 May 2020|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2020, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam 20 sun aika wa Shugaban [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] [[John Magufuli]] wasika suna neman ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don magance [[Koronavirus 2019|halin COVID-19]] a cikin gidajen yarin da ke cike da cunkoso sannan kuma sun buƙaci tabbatar da cewa fursunoni da fursunoni suna da damar isa ga lauya. Kungiyoyin da suka aiko da wasikar sun hada da, Cibiyar Shari'a da 'Yancin Dan Adam a [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Amnesty International]], da [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/21/tanzania-prisoners-rights-ignored-covid-19-response|title=Tanzania: Prisoners' Rights Ignored in Covid-19 Response|access-date=21 May 2020|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2020, Kungiyar [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta yi]] kira ga hukumomi a [[Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da]] su dauki matakin gaggawa na tabbatar da tsaron fursunoni a kalla cibiyoyin tsare mutane 3 a yayin [[Annobar cutar covid-19|barkewar COVID-19]] . Dangin fursunonin a kurkukun al-Wathba, kurkukun al-Awir, da sabon cibiyar tsarewar al-Barsha, sun sanar da [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|HRW]] cewa wasu daga cikin fursunonin da aka gwada [[Koronavirus 2019|lafiyarsu tare da COVID-19]] kuma da yawa daga cikin fursunonin da ke fama da rashin lafiya an hana su dacewa. taimakon likita. Gidajen kurkukun sun cika makil kuma hukumomi ba su kula da tsabtar muhalli da tsaftar muhalli ba, lamarin da ke kara tsananta yaduwar cutar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/10/uae-reported-covid-19-prison-outbreaks|title=UAE: Reported Covid-19 Prison Outbreaks|access-date=10 June 2020|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuli 2020, [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch ta ba da]] rahoton [[Misra|gidajen yarin Masar]] suna fuskantar shari'o'i masu yawa tare da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] kuma sun kashe aƙalla fursuna 14. Hukumomi suna neman dakile labaran cutar da ke yaduwa a cikin gidajen yari tare da kame ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya, ‘yan jarida, da masu sukar da suka tayar da murya dangane da damuwar gwamnati kan yadda cutar ke yaduwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/watchdog-virus-stalks-egypts-prisons-amid-news-blackout-71889574|title=Watchdog: Virus stalks Egypt's prisons amid news blackout|access-date=20 July 2020|website=ABC News}}</ref> Dangane da rahoton wata ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta cikin gida, wasiƙar da aka fallasa daga gidajen yari 2 da binciken Human Rights Watch, ya zuwa 15 ga Yuli 2020 aƙalla wuraren tsare mutane 10 a Masar sun kamu da Covid-19 kuma kusan fursunoni 14 sun mutu bayan kamuwa da cutar. cutar. Wadanda ake tsare da su suna da karancin damar zuwa kula da lafiya kuma ba su da damar yin gwajin Covid-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/07/20/egypt-apparent-covid-19-outbreaks-prisons#|title=Egypt: Apparent Covid-19 Outbreaks in Prisons|access-date=20 July 2020|website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Duk da [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|gargadin Human Rights Watch]] game da haɗarin yanayin gidan yari mara tsafta a Amurka,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-29|title=US: Avoid Covid-19 Catastrophe in Jails, Prisons|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/29/us-avoid-covid-19-catastrophe-jails-prisons|access-date=2020-08-24|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref> yawan kamuwa da cutar fursunoni ya ninka sau 5.5 fiye da na yawan jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jul 09|first1=Mary Van Beusekom {{!}} News Writer {{!}} CIDRAP News {{!}}|last2=2020|title=US prison inmates among those hit hard with COVID-19|url=https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/07/us-prison-inmates-among-those-hit-hard-covid-19|access-date=2020-08-24|website=CIDRAP|language=en}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, yawan mace -macen da ake samu a gidajen yari ya yi yawa idan aka kwatanta da wajen gidajen yarin. A watan Disambar 2020, ''[[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch ta]]'' bayyana cewa [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabiya]] tana tsare dubban bakin [[Afirka|haure 'yan Afirka]] a cikin kazanta a cibiyoyin da ake tsare da su. Wadanda aka tsare, wadanda aka yi hira da su, sun ba da rahoton cewa hukumomin Saudiya ba su dauki matakan [[Koronavirus 2019|dakile yaduwar COVID-19]] a cikin gidan yarin ba, duk da cewa wasu daga cikinsu a cikin gidan sun nuna [[Annobar cutar covid-19|alamun COVID-19]] .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/saudi-rights-idAFKBN28P1H2|title=Saudis detain hundreds of African migrants in squalid conditions, HRW says|access-date=15 December 2020|website=Reuters}}</ref> Rahoton da [[Amnesty International|Amnesty International ta fitar ya yi]] nuni da azabtarwa da zaluntar da aka yi wa fursunonin lamiri a fursunonin Masar. Rahoton, " ''Me ya dame ni idan kun mutu?"'' ''Sakaci da hana kula da lafiya a gidajen yarin Masar'' ”an sake shi ne a bikin cika shekaru 10 da [[Guguwar Larabawa|tayar da kayar]] Masar. 2011 a [[Misra|Masar]] Bayan azabtar da maza da mata da aka kama saboda neman adalci na zamantakewa da siyasa, rahoton na Amnesty ya kuma ba da haske kan sakacin matakan kula da lafiya don kare fursunoni daga [[Koronavirus 2019|cutar ta COVID-19]] . Philip Luther, Daraktan Bincike da Advocacy na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka na Amnesty International ya fada cewa hukumomin gidan yarin sun bar fursunonin su dogara da danginsu don abinci, magunguna, da kayan yau da kullun kamar sabulu, kuma sun hana su kula da lafiya ko kuma canja wurin su zuwa asibiti a kan lokaci.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/01/egypt-abused-and-denied-heath-care-prisoners-lives-at-risk/|title=Egypt: Abused and denied health care, prisoners' lives at risk|access-date=25 January 2021|website=Amnesty International}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde12/3538/2021/en/|title=Egypt: "What do I care if you die?": Negligence and denial of health care in Egyptian prisons|access-date=25 January 2021|website=Amnesty International}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2021, fitaccen mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam na [[Baharen|Bahrain]], Husain Barakat (48) ya mutu a gidan yarin Jau na kasar bayan ya yi kwangilar Covid-19. An yi masa allurar riga -kafi a cikin Maris 2021. Lamarin da ya haifar da zanga -zangar da ba kasafai ake yi a kasar ba, inda daruruwan mutane suka taru don gudanar da zanga [[Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa|-zangar da ke da alhakin kashe Sarki Baraktu Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa]] saboda rashin kulawa da bai dace ba. Da yawa daga cikin masu kare hakkin dan adam da kungiyoyi sun kira shi "sakacin likitanci na yau da kullun", inda aka zargi gwamnatin Bahrain da yin watsi da girman matsalar. Duk da yawan allurar rigakafin, Bahrain tana fuskantar babban tiyata a cikin shari'o'in Covid-19. Kasar ta dogara da allurar rigakafin Sinopharm ta China, [[BBIBP-CorV]], wacce ba ta da ikon samar da isassun garkuwar jiki don kariya daga cutar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/11/bahrain-prisoner-barakat-death-covid-protest/|title=Death of prisoner from covid-19 sparks protests as Bahrain battles outbreak|accessdate=11 June 2021|website=The Washington Post}}</ref> == Hakkokin marasa rinjaye == === Amurka === A Amurka, yawancin ƙabilu da ƙabilun da ba su dace ba COVID-19 ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2020-07-24|title=Health Equity Considerations and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us}}</ref> [[Filipino-Amurkawa|'Yan Filifin-Amurkawa]] sun sha bamban da COVID-19. Yawancin Amurkawa 'yan Filifin suna aiki a matsayin masu jinya a cikin ICU inda ake kula da marasa lafiya na COVID, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu ba a ba su PPE ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/welcome-ad?toURL=/nursing/nursing-ranks-are-filled-filipino-americans-pandemic-taking-outsized-toll-them|title=The Pandemic Is Taking an Outsized Toll of Filipino American Nurses|access-date=20 July 2020|website=Health Leaders}}</ref> 'Yan Filifin Ba'amurke suna da adadin mace -mace mafi girma, wanda aka danganta da abincinsu wanda ya haifar da yawan kamuwa da kiba, hawan jini da cututtukan zuciya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-21/filipino-americans-dying-covid|title=Little noticed, Filipino Americans are dying of COVID-19 at an alarming rate|date=21 July 2020|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> A wasu masana'antu a Utah tsakanin Maris da Yuni, an gano cewa ma'aikatan Hispanic da wadanda ba farare ba sun kasance kashi 73% na kamuwa da cutar a wuraren aiki. Har ila yau, 'yan Hispanic suna da tasirin kuɗi, suna fuskantar ƙimar rashin aikin yi mafi girma fiye da na ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/hispanic/2020/08/04/coronavirus-economic-downturn-has-hit-latinos-especially-hard/|title=Coronavirus Economic Downturn Has Hit Latinos Especially Hard|date=4 August 2020|website=pewresearch.org}}</ref> == 'Yancin girmama rayuwar masu zaman kansu da ta iyali == === Faransa === A cikin [[Strasbourg]] da [[Lyon]], kotunan gudanarwa sun soke ko iyakance dokokin gida waɗanda ke ba da umarnin rufe abin rufe fuska,<ref>{{citation|publisher=UK Human Rights Blog|date=10 August 2020|url=https://ukhumanrightsblog.com/2020/08/10/face-masks-in-strasbourg/|title=Face masks in Strasbourg}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=COVID-19: Rights groups challenge mandatory face mask rules in France|date=2020-09-04|publisher=[[Euronews]]|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/09/04/covid-19-rights-groups-challenge-mandatory-face-mask-rules-in-france}}</ref> amma Majalisar Faransa, babbar kotun gudanarwa ta Faransa, ta tabbatar da ƙa'idodin.<ref>{{citation|title=People in large cities must wear masks, French high court rules|date=2020-09-07|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]]|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20200907-french-high-court-upholds-mandatory-mask-orders-in-large-cities-council-state-strasbourg-lyon-anti-maskers}}</ref> === Jamus === An gabatar da kararrakin umarnin da yawa kan dokokin jihar da ke tsara matakan hana yaduwar SARS-2 ga kotun tsarin mulkin Jamus a shekarar 2020, amma duk an ki amincewa da su ko a cikin tsari ko abun ciki. A mafi yawan lokuta, an gabatar da masu shigar da kara zuwa kotunan gudanarwa na yau da kullun. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka kalubalanci akwai: * Gwajin tilas na COVID-19 na mutanen da ke zuwa daga ƙasashen da ke da haɗarin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar SARS-2, an ƙalubalance su a kan amincin jiki da kuma kula da yara. <ref>BvR 1981/20, 25 August 2020</ref> * [[Ba wa Juna Tazara|Nesantar]] da ɗaliban makaranta a Bavaria, wanda aka ƙalubalance shi bisa dalilan haƙƙin ilimi, da haƙƙin haɓaka halayyar mutum kyauta, da ƙa'idar daidaitawa. <ref>BvR 1630/20, 15 July 2020</ref> * An ƙalubalanci [[Ba wa Juna Tazara|nesantawar jama'a]] (ƙuntatawa lamba), bin diddigin tuntuɓar juna, da tilasta amfani da abin [[Takunkumi a lokacin annobar cutar korona|rufe fuska]] a kan ƙima . <ref>BvR 1187/20, 7 July 2020</ref> * Keɓe keɓe ga mutanen da ke shiga ko dawowa Jamus daga ƙasashen da ba na Turai ba, an ƙalubalance su bisa dalilan ' [[Ƴancin gwaji|yancin yin shari'ar gaskiya]]. <ref>1 BvQ 69/20, 18 June 2020</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin manyan abubuwan da annobar COVID-19 ta shafa * Tasirin cutar COVID-19 akan wasanni * Tasirin cutar COVID-19 akan addini * Tasirin cutar COVID-19 akan ilimi * Tasirin cutar COVID-19 akan sinima == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/19/human-rights-dimensions-covid-19-response Human Rights Watch akan COVID-19] == Manazarta == [[Category:Covid-19]] [[Category:Shafuka masu Fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hyicwo5pnrfwhybd1afdkvk9yltvb0i 3 31740 839067 147968 2026-05-22T17:01:52Z Mfield 41477 Mfield moved page [[Tattaunawar user:SajidA829]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Pawelo r]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/SajidA829|SajidA829]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pawelo r|Pawelo r]]" 147968 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SajidA829! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SajidA829|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Mayu 2022 (UTC) kbb5612r6h3bseyq14epcc4mlf8m3hk 0 39285 839174 827753 2026-05-22T21:26:28Z Laminu1 45108 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 839174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Jon Santacana Cropped.jpg|thumb|hoton santacana]] '''Jon Santacana Maiztegui''' (an haife shi a ranar 1ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1980) ɗan wasan ''B2 classified'' ne na wasan zamiya na naƙasassu na para-alpine dan kasar Sifaniya. Mai jagorancinsa wajen wasan ski na makafi shine Miguel Galindo Garces. Santacana ya fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IPC Alpine Skiing, a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai da na IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup, da kuma gasar kasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. Ya wakilci Spain a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2002, na nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2006 da na nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2010, inda ya sami lambar zinare da lambobin azurfa biyu a wasannin na shekarar 2010. == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Santacana a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba a shekara ta, 1980 a San Sebestian, Guipúzcoa,<ref name="paralympicsspain">{{cite web|url=http://www.paralimpicos.es/publicacion/buscador/datosbiografia.asp?idatleta=16075871K|title=Página Oficial del Comité Paralímpico Español|publisher=Paralimpicos.es|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064119/http://www.paralimpicos.es/publicacion/buscador/datosbiografia.asp?idatleta=16075871K|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> a yankin Basque na Spain.<ref name="frommallorda">{{cite web|author=Diario de Mallorca|url=http://www.diariodemallorca.es/deportes/2010/03/02/ursula-pueyo-aspira-top-ten-gigante-o-eslalon/549707.html|title=Ursula Pueyo aspira al 'top ten' en gigante o eslalon – Diario de Mallorca|publisher=Diariodemallorca.es|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|trans-title=Ursula Pueyo aspires to 'top ten' in giant or slalom}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta, 2012, yana zaune a Getxo, Vizcaya, Spain kuma dalibi ne na INEF.<ref name="paralympicsspain" /> Santacana yana da matsalar hangen nesa,<ref>{{cite news|title=Canberra Times: SCORECARD|newspaper=The Canberra Times|location=Canberra, Australia|date=18 March 2010|accessdate=18 January 2013|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:ATMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12E83CA2C70BF868&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9}}</ref> wanda shine sakamakon matsalar kwayoyin halitta da ta bayyana kanta a lokacin yana dan shekara takwas.<ref name="paralympicsspain" /> == Gudun kankara == Santacana skier ne mai rauni na gani na B2.<ref name="paralympicsspain" /> Miguel Galindo Garces ne jagoransa.<ref name="madethepoium">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2010/01/15/solidaridad/1263577174.html|title=España consigue siete medallas en la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|date=17 January 2010|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Santacana ya sami lambar zinare a Switzerland wanda ya karbi bakuncin gasar shekara ta, 2000 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championship.<ref name="madethepoium" /> A shekara ta 2005, yayin da yake yin gudun hijira a La Molina, Spain, ya faɗi ya ji wa kansa rauni sosai kuma ya kasa yin gudun hijira har sai da kusan farkon wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar, 2006.<ref name="missedksiing">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/01/12/solidaridad/1231776700.html|title=Comienza la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> [[File:Jon Santacana 9.JPG|thumb|Jon Santacana Maiztegui]] Santacana ya sami lam bar zinare don gaba ɗaya kakar shekara ta, 2006 zuwa 2007 na gasar cin kofin Turai.<ref name="madethepoium" /> Ya gama gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar, 2006 zuwa 2007 IPC Alpine Skiing a matsayi na biyu.<ref name="missedksiing" /> A zagayen karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai a watan Maris na shekarar, 2008, wani taron da aka gudanar a La Molina, yana daya daga cikin 'yan wasan gudun hijira na Spain da suka fafata.<ref name="oneofseveral">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/4816/Final-del-campeonato-de-Europa-en-La-Molina/|title=Final del campeonato de Europa en La Molina – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|date=27 March 2008|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kammala gasar cin kofin Turai na shekarar, 2007 zuwa 2008 a matsayi na biyu bayan abubuwan gwaji guda biyar. Galindo shine jagoransa na kakar wasa.<ref name="europeanseason">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/5011/Jon-Santacana-Subcampeon-de-Europa/|title=Jon Santacana Subcampeón de Europa – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kammala gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar, 2007 zuwa 2008 a matsayi na uku.<ref name="eighthcup">{{cite web|url=http://www.cocemfe.es/noticias/vernoticia.php?id=5241|title=Comienza la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino para Personas con Discapacidad en la estación catalana de La Molina|publisher=Cocemfe.es|date=13 January 2009|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321125609/http://www.cocemfe.es/noticias/vernoticia.php?id=5241|archive-date=21 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> A karshen gasar cin kofin duniya na farko a kakar shekara ta, 2008 zuwa 2009, ya zauna a matsayi na farko a gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref name="firstracecup">{{cite web|url=http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/interstitial/volver/acierto/sociedad/noticias/972880/01/09/Deportes-jon-santacana-y-anna-cohi-lideran-la-copa-del-mundo-de-esqui-alpino-para-discapacitados.html|title=Deportes. jon santacana y anna cohí lideran la copa del mundo de esquí alpino para discapacitados – EcoDiario.es|publisher=Ecodiario.eleconomista.es|date=15 January 2009|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204091224/http://ecodiario.eleconomista.es/interstitial/volver/acierto/sociedad/noticias/972880/01/09/Deportes-jon-santacana-y-anna-cohi-lideran-la-copa-del-mundo-de-esqui-alpino-para-discapacitados.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wannan ne karo na takwas da ya buga wasan gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref name="eighthcup" /> Ya sami lambar zinare da lambobin azurfa biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar, 2009 a [[Koriya ta Kudu]].<ref name="madethepoium" /><ref name="southkorea">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/03/02/solidaridad/1236014503.html|title=España, novena en el medallero del Mundial de esquí alpino &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref><ref name="earnedgold">{{cite web|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/02/23/solidaridad/1235395750.html|title=Santacana gana su primer oro en la supercombinada &#124; Solidaridad|publisher=elmundo.es|date=23 February 2009|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Zinarensa na farko ya zo a gasar Super Combined.<ref name="earnedgold" /> Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shida da jagorori huɗu waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya.<ref name="teamsize">{{cite web|url=http://www.elconfidencial.com/cache/2009/02/28/39_medalla_plata_bronce_balance_equipo_espanol.html|title=Una medalla de oro, dos de plata y un bronce, balance del equipo español|publisher=elConfidencial.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na shekarar, 2010 Alpine Skiing for Disabled a Abtenau, [[Austriya|Austria]], Santacana da jagoransa sun sami tagulla a cikin katafaren taron slalom bayan gudu na farko da suka yi a matsayi na biyar da na biyu inda suka zo na biyu.<ref name="madethepoium" /> Bai samu damar shiga gasar Super Combined ba saboda an soke shi.<ref name="eventcanceld">{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/mas-deporte/articulo/espana-acaba-medallas-copa-mundo/20100115dasdasmas_5/Tes|title=España acaba con siete medallas la Copa del Mundo Paralímpica – Más deporte &#124; Esquí alpino|publisher=AS.com|date=15 January 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Sannan ya fafata a zagaye na uku na gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai a watan Janairu a La Molina.<ref name="competedlasmolina">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/7220/La-Molina-acoge-el-campeonato-de-Europa-de-esqui-para-discapacitados/|title=La Molina acoge el campeonato de Europa de esquí para discapacitados – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kare na biyar a taron slalom.<ref name="wongoldmolina">{{cite web|url=http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=7676|title=Solidaridad Digital – El equipo español acaba con doce medallas en la Copa de Europa de Esquí Alpino de La Molina|publisher=Solidaridaddigital.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216012256/http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=7676|archivedate=16 December 2013}}</ref> A taron karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar, 2009 zuwa 2010, wani taron da aka gudanar a watan Maris a shekara ta, 2010 a Aspen, Colorado, ya sami lambar zinare a wani taron tare da jagoran Galindo. Wannan shi ne babban taron na ƙarshe kafin Wasannin shekarar, 2010.<ref name="colordao">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/09/mas_deportes/jjoo_invierno/jjpp_invierno/1268170563.html|title=Santacana se cuelga el oro en descenso en la final de la Copa del Mundo|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=18 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref><ref name="aspencolorado">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/05/mas_deportes/nieve/1267787911.html?a=PR8335d90d553b3d1dffe2a7755ba8c6122&t=1358786017|title=La española Anna Cohí, campeona de la súper combinada|publisher=MARCA.com|date=5 March 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kuma sami lambar tagulla a gasar Giant Slalom, yayin da ya kare na shida a cikin Super Combined. Ya zo gasar cin kofin duniya na Aspen tare da maki 625 na gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref name="worldrankingdown">{{cite web|author=Noticias EFE|url=http://www.hoy.es/agencias/20100301/deportes/mas-deportes/santacana-cohi-boira-gorce-representantes_201003011909.html|title=Santacana, Cohí, Boira y Gorce representantes españoles en Aspen.|publisher=Hoy.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> [[File:GS Jon Santacana 2.JPG|thumb|Jon Santacana Maiztegui]] Santacana ya halarci gasa ta watan Afrilu a shekara ta, 2010 Vancouver wanda Federación Española de Deportes de Personas con Discapacidad Física (FEDDF), Federación Española de Deportes para Paralíticos Cerebrales (FEDPC) da Federación Española Deportes para Ciegos (FEDC) suka shirya.<ref name="vancouverhosted">{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/huesca/santacana_cohi_triunfan_cerler.html|title=Santacana y Cohí triunfan en Cerler|publisher=Heraldo.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224120008/http://www.heraldo.es/noticias/huesca/santacana_cohi_triunfan_cerler.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="morepostvacouver">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/8301/Santacana-Cohi-y-Pueyo-campeones-de-Espana/|title=Santacana, Cohí y Pueyo, campeones de España – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya fafata a gasar tseren kankara na watan Nuwamba a shekara ta, 2010 a Landgraaf, Netherlands inda ya sami lambar zinare a gasar kasa da kasa.<ref name="compteted">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/9033/Gran-comienzo-espanol-en-Landgraaf/|title=Gran comienzo español en Landgraaf – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a kakar wasa ta shekarar, 2010 zuwa 2011, wadda aka gudanar a birnin Arta Terme na kasar Italiya, Santacana da Galindo sun kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon wasanni hudu da aka gudanar.<ref name="fnishieffifth">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/9216/Santacana-segundo-en-la-copa-del-mundo-de-esqui-adaptado/|title=Santacana segundo en la copa del mundo de esquí adaptado – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|date=8 January 2011|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya na shekarar, 2011 da aka gudanar a Sestriere, Italiya, ya zo na daya a gasar Super-G.<ref name="2011worldchamps">{{cite web|url=http://www.nevasport.com/adaptado/art/9275/Espectacular-actuacion-espanola-en-el-mundial-de-esqui-adaptado-de-Sestriere/|title=Espectacular actuación española en el mundial de esquí adaptado de Sestriere – Esquí Adaptado|publisher=Nevasport.com|date=18 January 2011|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya halarci wasan a shekara ta, 2012 Campeonatos de España de Esquí da aka gudanar a Valle de Arán, inda aka fafata a gasar Slalom, Giant Slalom da Super G. Ya lashe zinari a cikin dukkan abubuwan guda uku.<ref name="estrodxt">{{cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=5058|title=El Equipo de Competición de Esquí alpino adaptado de la Fundación También finaliza su actuación en territorio nacional con el Campeonato de España – Esquí – Esto es DxT|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210182900/http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=5058|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kusa da ƙarshen lokacin ski na shekarar, 2011 zuwa 2012, ya halarci gasar cin kofin duniya a Italiya inda ya gama na farko a gasar slalom mai girma a cikin ƙungiyar masu fama da hangen nesa.<ref name="late2012worldcup">{{cite web|author=Global Mirrorcomm – Desojo Luciano|url=http://www.libertadbalear.com/?p=242481|title=Libertad Balear. El diario digital de Baleares " Jon Santacana se adjudica el oro en el eslalon gigante del Mundial para discapacitados|publisher=Libertad Balear|date=3 May 2012|accessdate=27 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}{{dead link|date=April 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar, 2012, ya yage Achilles tendon.<ref name="carriedflag">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/11/11/mas_deportes/paralimpicos/1384168759.html|title=Los 11 de la ONCE|publisher=MARCA.com|date=11 November 2013|accessdate=21 November 2013|language=es}}</ref> A watan Janairun shekara ta, 2013 gasar cin kofin duniya da aka yi a Switzerland, inda ya yi gudun hijira tare da Galindo, ya samu lambar zinare a babbar gasar slalom. Duk da yake bai samu lambar yabo ba a wasu abubuwan da suka faru a gasar, ya ci gaba da rike matsayinsa a saman shugaban hukumar gasar cin kofin duniya na kakar wasa.<ref name="somethingyes">{{cite web|url=http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=7099|title=Jon Santacana se hace con dos nuevos triunfos en la Copa del Mundo de Esquí Alpino Paralímpico – Esquí – Esto es DxT|publisher=Estoesdxt.es|date=16 January 2013|accessdate=9 February 2013|language=es|location=Spain|archive-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309145610/http://www.estoesdxt.es/index.php?type=public&zone=items&action=view&categoryID=290&codeID=7099|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya lashe lambobin zinare uku a gasar IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships.<ref name="sonnoyed">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2013/02/26/mas_deportes/nieve/1361906179.html|title=Tercer oro mundial de Santacana y Galindo en La Molina|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="2013 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships">{{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/Events/LaMolina2013/LiveResults|title=La Molina 2013 – Live Results|publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]]|accessdate=11 March 2013}}</ref> A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta shekarar, 2017 Santacana ta lashe lambobin azurfa biyu a cikin tudu,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73A_ASM111101.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's downhill visually impaired|date=25 January 2017}}</ref> da slalom,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73C_ASM211102.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's slalom visually impaired|date=31 January 2017}}</ref> lambar tagulla a cikin giant slalom,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73C_ASM311102.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's giant slalom visually impaired|date=30 January 2017}}</ref> da kamun kifi na huɗu a cikin babban haɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/resIPC/pdf/AS1O17/AS/AS1O17_AS_C73C_ASM511102.pdf|title=2017 World Para Alpine Skiing Championships Men's super combined visually impaired|date=28 January 2017}}</ref> === Paralympics === Santacana ya sami lambar zinare da tagulla biyu a wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na shekarar, 2002.<ref name="madethepoium" /><ref name="missingleg">{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/mas-deporte/articulo/juegos-olimpicos-invierno-competiciones-deportivas/20100302dasdaimas_4/Tes|title=Lissavetzky admite que España "no evoluciona" – Vancouver 2010 &#124; Juegos Olímpicos de invierno|publisher=AS.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> A cikin watan Nuwamba shekara ta, 2009, Santacana ya halarci wani taron a Madrid wanda Shirin Babban Ayyuka na Paralympic (Shirin ARPA) ya shirya a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen Wasannin Vancouver.<ref name="inadvancevancouver">{{cite web|url=http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=6932|title=Solidaridad Digital – Los esquiadores paralímpicos se concentran en Madrid con la mirada puesta en Vancouver 2010|publisher=Solidaridaddigital.es|date=10 November 2009|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216012222/http://www.solidaridaddigital.es/SolidaridadDigital/Noticias/Deportes/DetalleNoticia.aspx?id=6932|archivedate=16 December 2013}}</ref> Kafin ya tashi zuwa Vancouver, ya halarci bikin tashi wanda Sakataren Jiha na Wasanni Jaime Lissavetzky, babban sakatare na manufofin zamantakewa Francisco Moza, shugaban kwamitin wasannin nakasassu na Spain Miguel Carballeda, da kuma manajan daraktan kwamitin wasannin nakasassu na Spain Alberto Jofre suka halarta.<ref name="frommallorda" /> Dukan tawagar Spain sun isa Whistler gabanin wasannin shekarar, 2010 nan da 7 ga watan Fabrairu.<ref name="arrivedgames">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/09/mas_deportes/jjoo_invierno/jjpp_invierno/1268169740.html|title=El equipo paralímpico español ya se encuentra en Whistler|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> [[File:Jon Santacana 6.JPG|thumb|Jon Santacana Maiztegui]] Jagoransa don wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 shine Galindo.<ref name="apc1">{{cite web|url=http://vancouver2010.paralympic.org.au/news/bunting-will-fight.html|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20100427060100/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/119442/20100427-1601/vancouver2010.paralympic.org.au/news/bunting-will-fight.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 April 2010|title=Australian Web Archive|publisher=National Library of Australia|author=Australian Paralympic Committee|date=23 August 2006|accessdate=18 January 2013|location=Australia}}</ref> Fog a Vancouver ya haifar da canji a cikin jadawalin abubuwan da ya faru na ski.<ref name="catalan">{{cite web|url=http://www.terra.com/deportes/articulo/html/fox1292602.htm|title=Comite de Competicion modifica calendario de esqui alpino por el mal tiempo|publisher=terra|date=14 March 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun sami lambar zinare a gasar hangen nesa ta maza.<ref name="apc1" /> Kambun zinare da ya samu shi ne zinare na farko da dan kasar Spain ya ci a gasar.<ref name="firstgld">{{cite web|url=http://www.diariodelaltoaragon.es/NoticiasDetalle.aspx?Id=620593|title=Santacana logra el oro en Descenso|publisher=Diariodelaltoaragon.es|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shiga Vancouver, ya kasance a matsayi na biyu a duniya a cikin ƙasa.<ref name="worldrankingdown" /> Ya kasance na biyu a cikin gudu na farko da na biyu na hangen nesa na maza wanda ya raunana Giant Slalom taron.<ref name="newsbank4">{{cite news|accessdate=18 January 2013|title=THE SCORE|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=Australia|date=18 March 2010|page=17|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:SMHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12E83CA2C70BF868&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9}}</ref> Ya kare a matsayi na biyar a babban taron da aka yi a Wasanni.<ref name="fifthsupergiant">{{cite web|url=http://www.as.com/mas-deporte/articulo/santacana-queda-pasos-lograr-cuarta/20100319dasdasmas_4/Tes|title=Santacana se queda a dos pasos de lograr la cuarta medalla para España – Paralímpicos &#124; VANCOUVER 2010|publisher=AS.com|date=19 March 2010|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> Ya kammala wasannin na shekarar, 2010 da lambar zinare daya da lambobin azurfa biyu.<ref name="finisehdgames">{{cite web|author=Global Mirrorcomm – Desojo Luciano|url=http://www.libertadbalear.com/?p=210250|title=Libertad Balear. El diario digital de Baleares " Jon Santacana se proclama campeĂłn paralĂmpico en descenso|publisher=Libertadbalear.com|accessdate=21 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827101337/http://www.libertadbalear.com/?p=210250|archivedate=27 August 2016}}</ref> Bayan wasannin, tawagar 'yan wasan nakasassu ta Spain sun halarci bikin maraba da dawowa gidauniyar ONCE wadda ita ma Infanta Elena, Duchess na Lugo ya halarta.<ref name="infantatadona">{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2010/03/25/mas_deportes/jjoo_invierno/jjpp_invierno/1269544451.html|title=La infanta Elena al Equipo Paralímpico Español: "Gracias por vuestro afán de superación"|publisher=MARCA.com|accessdate=26 January 2013|language=es|location=Spain}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Wasanni !Gwaji !Wuri !Gudu !Lokaci !Kwanan wata |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Downhill | |End |1:18.23 |18 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Slalom | |2nd run |1:46.91 |14 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Slalom |1 |1st Round |0:49.88 Q |14 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Giant Slalom | |2nd run |2:42.20 |16 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Giant Slalom |2 |1st Round |1:19.77 Q |16 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Super Combined | |2nd run |DNF |20 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Super Combined |3 |1st Round |1:24.87 Q |20 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2010 |Super Giant |5 |End |1:23.21 |19 Maris 2010 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 |Slalom |7 |2nd run |1:31.52 |19 Maris 2006 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 |Slalom |9 |1st Round |49.03Q |19 Maris 2006 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2006 |Giant Slalom | |1st Round |DNS |17 Maris 2006 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Downhill | |End |1:21.57 |9 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Slalom | |1st Round |DNF |16 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Giant Slalom | |2nd run |1:05.07 |14 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Giant Slalom | |1st Round |1:03.26 Q |14 Maris 2002 |- |Wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi na 2002 |Super Giant | |End |1:11.22 |11 Maris 2002 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] owxlg1cyc0ldoch5u0rbgwdt8g7do0p 0 39859 839027 449280 2026-05-22T12:14:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Beninati''' (an haife ta ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, 1992) yar tseren nakasassu ta Amurka ce. Ta ci lambar tagulla a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2016. == Aiki == Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Colorado State.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-03-07|title=An Adaptive Skier Shows Us How to Never Give Up|url=https://www.powder.com/stories/interviews/never-give-up/|access-date=2022-12-03|website=POWDER Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> Ta fara gwada sit-ski (wani na'ura mai zaman kansa tare da skis biyu a ƙasa) a cikin 2011, watanni biyu bayan hadarin. Bayan darussa tare da Dave Schoeneck da Peter Mandler, Beninati ta koma wasan motsa jiki, ta zama mai cin gashin kanta. A cikin shirye-shiryen wasan nakasassu, ta ƙaura zuwa Park City, tare da shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Paralympic. A shekarar 2015 ta lashe kambunta na farko na kasa sannan kuma bayan shekara guda ta lashe lambar yabo a gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Beninati|url=https://discovernac.org/athletes/anna-beninati/|access-date=2022-12-03|website=National Ability Center|archive-date=2022-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201230426/https://discovernac.org/athletes/anna-beninati/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2016, Beninati ta zo na uku a tseren slalom, tare da lokacin 1: 54.05, bayan Anna-Lena Forster, tare da zinare a 1: 27.98 da Laurie Stephens, tare da azurfa a 1: 34.83.<ref>{{Cite web|title=USA, France, Germany, Russia, Japan win slalom World Cup globes|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/usa-france-germany-russia-japan-win-slalom-world-cup-globes|access-date=2022-12-03|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref> A kakar wasa mai zuwa, an ba ta suna ga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta nakasassu ta Amurka don wasannin nakasassu na lokacin sanyi a Pyeong Chang, Koriya ta Kudu, kawai za a jefa wata daya a cikin Wasannin.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Beninati: My Road To Training at The Olympic Training Center – Wasatch Adaptive Sports|url=https://wasatchadaptivesports.org/anna-beninati-from-freight-train-survivor-to-us-paralympic-skier|access-date=2022-12-03|language=en-US}}</ref> A Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Para Alpine Skiing na 2019, a Kranjska Gora/Sella Nevea a Slovenia, ta gama matsayi na biyar a tseren slalom da ke zaune, a cikin babban haɗe kuma a cikin super-G.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anna Beninati - Alpine Skiing {{!}} Paralympic Athlete Profile|url=https://www.paralympic.org/anna-beninati|access-date=2022-12-03|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}}</ref> A gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Paralympic a Amurka da Kanada ta isa filin wasa sau 10. Ita ce mai koyar da ski a Snowbird. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] dhacpm8dz2k1utvcgf6sbxwk5uskzrt 0 40489 839060 587428 2026-05-22T16:28:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Royal_Artillery_Firing_105mm_Light_Guns_MOD_45155621.jpg|thumb| Sojoji na Royal Artillery suna harbin 105mm light howitzers yayin wani atisaye (2013)]] '''Artillery''' wani nau'in manyan makamai ne na soji wanda ke harba alburusai da ya wuce iyaka da karfin bindigog[[Bindiga|.]] Haɓaka manyan bindigogi na farko sun mayar da hankali kan ikon keta katangar tsaro da kagara yayin kewaye, kuma ya haifar da injunan kewaye masu nauyi, marasa motsi. Yayin da fasaha ta inganta, sauƙi, ƙarin bindigogin bindigogi na filin hannu sun haɓaka don amfani da filin daga. Wannan ci gaban yana ci gaba a yau; Motoci masu sarrafa kansu na zamani makamai ne na tafi da gidanka masu girman gaske gabaɗaya suna ba da kaso mafi girma na ƙarfin wuta na sojoji.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2022}} Asali, kalmar “artillery” tana nufin kowane rukuni na sojoji da farko dauke da wani nau’i na kera makami ko sulke. Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da gunpowder da igwa, "harbin bindigogi" sun fi mayar da ma'anar igwa, kuma a cikin amfani da zamani, yawanci yana nufin harsashi- harbe-harben bindigogi, howitzers, da kuma turmi (wanda ake kira ''ganga artillery'', ''igwa bindigogi'', ''bindigogi bindigogi'', ko - a layman kalmar. - ''manyan bindigogi'' ), da makaman roka. A cikin jawabai na yau da kullun, ana amfani da kalmar "harba bindigogi" don yin nuni ga na'urori guda ɗaya, tare da na'urorin haɗi da kayan aikin su, kodayake waɗannan taro an fi kiran su da "kayan aiki". Duk da haka, babu wani kalma da aka sani gabaɗaya ga bindiga, bindigu, turmi, da sauransu: Amurka tana amfani da “bindigu”, amma yawancin sojojin Ingilishi suna amfani da “bindigo” da “turmi”. The projectiles harba yawanci ko dai " harbi " (idan m) ko "harsashi" (idan ba m). A tarihance, an yi amfani da bambance-bambancen harba mai ƙarfi da suka haɗa da gwangwani, harbin sarkar da innabi. "Shell" kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita sosai don ma'auni, wanda wani bangare ne na bindigogi. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa, manyan bindigogi kuma na iya komawa ga hannun sabis wanda ya saba sarrafa irin waɗannan injuna. A wasu runduna, makaman bindigu sun yi amfani da filin, bakin teku, da jiragen yaki, da na tankokin yaki; A wasu kuma waɗannan makamai ne daban-daban, kuma tare da wasu ƙasashe na bakin teku sun kasance alhakin ruwa ko na ruwa. A cikin karni na 20, na'urorin sayan manufa na tushen fasaha (kamar radar) da tsarin (kamar sautin sauti da tabo ) sun fito don samun hari, musamman na bindigogi. Ana sarrafa waɗannan yawanci ta ɗaya ko fiye na makaman bindigu. Yaduwar gobara ta kaikaice a farkon karni na 20, yya gabatar da bukatar samar da bayanan kwararru na manyan bindigogi, musamman bincike da yanayi, kuma a wasu rundunonin, samar da wadannan alhakin ne na hannun manyan bindigogi. An yi amfani da bindigogi tun aƙalla farkon juyin juya halin masana'antu. Yawancin mutuwar yaƙi a cikin Yaƙin Napoleon, [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ɗaya, da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] an yi su ne ta hanyar manyan bindigogi. A cikin 1944, Joseph Stalin ya ce a cikin jawabinsa cewa bindigogi "allahn yaki ne".<ref name="bellamy" /> == Gungun bindigogi. == [[File:French_soldiers_in_the_Franco-Prussian_War_1870-71.jpg|right|thumb| Sojojin Faransa a cikin Yaƙin Franco-Prussian 1870-71]] [[File:British_64_Pounder_Rifled_Muzzle-Loaded_(RML)_Gun_on_Moncrieff_disappearing_mount,_at_Scaur_Hill_Fort,_Bermuda.jpg|thumb| Bindigar 64 Pounder Rifled Muzzle-Loaded (RML) Bindigo a kan wani dutsen Moncrieff da ya bace, a Scaur Hill Fort, Bermuda. Wannan wani yanki ne na ƙayyadaddun baturi, wanda ake nufi don kariya daga kai hari kan ƙasa da kuma aiki azaman manyan bindigogi na bakin teku.]] Ko da yake ba a kira haka ba, injinan kewayen da ke yin aikin da aka sani a matsayin manyan bindigogi ana amfani da su a cikin yaƙi tun zamanin da. An kirkiro katafat na farko da aka sani a Syracuse a cikin 399 BC. Har zuwa shigar da foda a cikin yakin yammacin duniya, bindigogi sun dogara ne akan makamashin injina wanda ba wai kawai ya iyakance ƙarfin motsi na injin ba, yana buƙatar gina manyan injuna don adana isassun makamashi. Ƙarni na 1 BC Roman catapult yana ƙaddamar da 6.55 kg (14.4 lb) duwatsu sun sami makamashin motsi na 16,000 joules, idan aka kwatanta da tsakiyar karni na 19 na 12-pounder, wanda ya harba 4.1 kg (9.0 lb) zagaye, tare da kuzarin motsa jiki na joules 240,000, ko wani jirgin ruwan Amurka na ƙarni na 20, wanda ya harba 1,225 kg (2,701 lb) hasashe daga babban baturin sa tare da matakin makamashi wanda ya zarce joules 350,000,000. Tun daga tsakiyar zamanai zuwa mafi yawan zamani na zamani, manyan bindigogin dawakai ke motsawa a cikin ƙasa . A zamanin da, bindigogin bindigu da ma'aikatansu sun dogara da abin hawa ko masu tafiya a matsayin abin hawa. Wadannan nau'o'in bindigogi na kasa an yi su ne da bindigogin jirgin kasa ; mafi girma daga cikin waɗannan manyan bindigogin da aka taɓa ɗauka - Project Babylon of the Supergun al'amarin - ya kasance yana iya saka tauraron dan adam a cikin kewayawa . Har ila yau makaman roka da sojojin ruwa ke amfani da su sun canza sosai, tare da makamai masu linzami gaba daya maye gurbin bindigogi a yakin saman . [[File:Dos de mayo, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|Artillery]] A tsawon tarihin soja, an kera injina daga abubuwa iri-iri, zuwa sifofi iri-iri, ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban da za a kai hari ga ayyukan tsare-tsare/kare da kuma yi wa abokan gaba rauni . Aikace-aikacen injiniya don isar da kayan aiki suma sun canza sosai akan lokaci, wanda ya ƙunshi wasu rikitattun fasahohin zamani da ake amfani da su a yau. A wasu runduna, makamin da ake amfani da su wajen harba makamai ne, ba na’urorin da ke harba shi ba. Hanyar isar da wuta a kan wanda aka hari ana kiransa bindiga. Ayyukan da ke tattare da yin aikin bindigu ana kiransu gaba ɗaya "bautar da bindiga" ta hanyar "wasanni" ko ma'aikatan bindiga, wanda ya zama ko dai kai tsaye ko kuma kai tsaye. Yadda ake amfani da ma'aikatan bindiga (ko gyare-gyare) ana kiransu tallafin manyan bindigogi. A lokuta daban-daban a tarihi, wannan na iya nufin makaman da aka ƙera don harba su daga ƙasa, teku, har ma da dandamalin makaman da suka dogara da shi.   == Manazarta. == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje. == * Makamai[http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/index_weapons.htm Makaman Naval Na Duniya] * [http://www.cannonartillery.com/ Rikicin Cannon - Muryar 'Yanci's Thunder] * [http://www.enemyforces.com/artillery.htm Makamai na zamani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504204735/http://www.enemyforces.com/artillery.htm |date=2006-05-04 }} * [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1179/1574077313Z.00000000029?needAccess=true Wane irin bayanan bincike ne za a iya samu daga nazarin ɓangarorin harsashi da aka] Archived a * Evans, Nigel F. (2001–2007) " [http://nigelef.tripod.com/index.htm Birtaniya Makamai a Yaƙin Duniya na 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717103258/http://nigelef.tripod.com/index.htm |date=2011-07-17 }} " * Dabarun Makamai da Yaki a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon * [http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/IMPERIAL_GUARD_artillery.htm Rikicin Sojojin Napoleon na Imperial] * [http://www.artillerie.info/ Rikicin Faransa da harsashi. 14th zuwa karshen karni na 19] * Fina-finan tarihi da ke nuna manyan bindigogi a yakin duniya na daya a [http://www.europeanfilmgateway.eu/node/33/efg1914%20Artillery/multilingual:1/showOnly:video europeanfilmgateway.eu] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUvcdKGD-FM/ Bidiyo: Ciki shrapnel.] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUvcdKGD-FM/ Ji babban sautin shrapnel's - Shekarar bidiyo ta bidiyo ta 2013 harbin bindiga na filin Finnish] == Manazarta == {{Weapons}} [[Category:Makamai]] bsduqw9fkm652h68ymqqgf9cy2hf6io 0 42357 839276 646265 2026-05-23T08:53:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Boukary Adji''' (1939<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrique-express.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2004-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041028015111/http://www.afrique-express.com/archive/OUEST/niger/gvts/nigergvt05012000.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> - 4 Yuli 2018) ɗan siyasar [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] ne.Ya zama [[Jerin Firaminista a Nijar|Fira Ministan]] Nijar daga 30 ga Janairu 1996 zuwa 21 ga Disamba 1996.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113865/NIGER</ref> == Tarhi == An haifi Adji a [[Tanout]] a [[Yankin Zinder|Sashen Zinder]]. Ya yi karatu a [[Poland|ƙasar Poland]] kan tallafin karatu da ya samu a shekarar 1963, sannan a jami'ar Abidjan da kuma cibiyar nazarin harkokin kuɗi da banki da ke birnin Paris. == Nasarori == An naɗa shi Darakta a ma’aikatar tsare-tsare a farkon shekarun 1970 kuma ya zama Daraktan Babban Bankin Yammacin Afirka (BCEAO) na Nijar.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin gwamnati mai suna a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1983, an naɗa shi Ministan Kuɗi,<ref>http://www.finances.gouv.ne/index.php/le-ministere/historique/photos-des-ministres</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.presidence.ne/PagesHtm/GouvKOUNTCHE.htm |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000629/http://www.presidence.ne/PagesHtm/GouvKOUNTCHE.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda a cikinsa ya ci gaba har zuwa bayan mutuwar 1987 [[Seyni Kountché]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Gwamna na BCEAO. An naɗa shi Firaminista bayan [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Baré Mainassara]] ya kwace mulki a watan Janairun 1996 da sojoji suka yi juyin mulki. == Mutuwa == Ya rasu a Yamai a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 2018. == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Category:Ministocin nijar]] 5uo1ov4y84pdkjw9q7b7o9bl9h76k22 0 45066 839054 508935 2026-05-22T15:48:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Entraînement RC Lens - 3 juillet 2020 52.jpg|thumb|Arial Mendy]] [[Fayil:Entraînement RC Lens - 13 septembre 2018 17.jpg|thumb|Arial Mendy]] [[Fayil:Entraînement RC Lens - 2 août 2018 41.jpg|thumb|Arial Mendy]] '''Arial Benabent Mendy''' (an haife shi ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamban 1994) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Senegal wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan wasan baya na hagu]]<ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/arial-mendy/</ref> a Faransa. Kulob ɗin Grenoble.<ref>https://int.soccerway.com/players/arial-benabent-mendy/434767/</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 2017, yayin wasa don Diambars FC, Mendy ya buga wa Senegal wasa.<ref>https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/68730/Arial_Mendy.html</ref> Ya fara wasansa na farko tare da RC Lens a gasar Ligue 2 da ci 2-0 a kan US Orléans a ranar 27 ga watan Yulin 2018.<ref>https://www.lfp.fr/erreur404</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Agustan 2020, Mendy ya shiga ƙungiyar Super League ta Switzerland Servette FC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africatopsports.com/2020/08/07/lens-arial-mendy-quitte-lens-pour-le-servette-geneve/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-23 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926220949/https://www.africatopsports.com/2020/08/07/lens-arial-mendy-quitte-lens-pour-le-servette-geneve/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya koma kulob ɗin Faransa Clermont Foot a watan Yuli 2021.<ref>https://www.clermontfoot.com/arial-mendy-premiere-recrue-du-clermont-foot-63/</ref> [[Fayil:Entraînement RC Lens - 2 juillet 2019 35.jpg|thumb|Arial Mendy]] A cikin watan Janairun 2023, Mendy ya shiga Grenoble kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu da rabi bayan ya amince da ƙulla yarjejeniya da Clermont.<ref>https://www.gf38.fr/arial-mendy-est-grenoblois/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://rclens.fr/fr/pros-arial-mendy?saison=1 Bayanan Bayani na Lens RC] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] gpz78es7xcapjn734fe778s4uhoy0lq 0 46291 839274 744943 2026-05-23T08:32:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bonsa Deriba Dida''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Janairu 1995) ɗan wasan tseren nesa (long-distance runner) ne na Habasha wanda ke fafatawa a wasan tseren track, road da Cross country running. Ya wakilci ƙasar Habasha sau uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IAAF da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya Half marathon na shekarar 2014. <ref>[https://more.arrs.run/runner/33278 Bonsa Dida Deriba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123100633/https://more.arrs.run/runner/33278 |date=2025-01-23 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2017-03-23.</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko a kan gudun fanfalaki a watan Mayun 2014, ya yi rikodin ɗin 2:12:33 a Marathon na Hamburg. Ya koma tazara a watan Janairun shekarar 2017 kuma ya zo na biyar a gasar Marathon Mumbai da lokacin 2:11:55. <ref>[https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/ethiopia/bonsa-dida-258275 Bonsa Dida]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2017-03-23.</ref> == Mafi kyawun mutum == * Mita 3000 - 8:04.64 min (2014) * Mita 5000 - 13:41.44 min (2011) * Mita 10,000 - 28:13.84 min (2016) * 10K gudu - 27:53 min (2015) * Half Marathon - 60:19 min (2015) * Marathon - 2:11:55 (2017) Duk bayanai daga All-Athletics <ref>[http://www.all-athletics.com/node/472466 Bonsa Dida Direba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323143007/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/472466 |date=2017-03-23 }}. All-Athletics. Retrieved on 2017-03-23.</ref> == Gasar kasa da kasa == {| {{AchievementTable}} |- |rowspan=3|2011 |rowspan=2|[[2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Punta Umbría]], Spain |4th |[[2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race|Junior race]] |22:39 |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Junior team |24 pts |- |[[2011 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |[[Gaborone]], Botswana |5th |10,000 m |28:58.68 |- |2013 |[[2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]] |[[Bydgoszcz]], Poland |17th |[[2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race|Junior race]] |22:38 |- |rowspan=2|2014 |rowspan=2|[[2014 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships|World Half Marathon Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Copenhagen]], Denmark |14th |Half marathon |1:01:12 |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Team |3:00:48 |- |2015 |[[2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|IAAF World Cross Country Championships]] |[[Guiyang]], China |14th |[[2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race|Senior race]] |36:17 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{World Athletics|258275}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1995]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] lfve4i4rannpet6fsr22h7xhh2ddd4z 0 46531 839223 242926 2026-05-23T02:57:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Belkacem Remache''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoban 1985 a [[Kusantina|Constantine]] ), ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Aljeriya wanda a halin yanzu yake taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga AS Khroub a gasar Ligue ta Algerian Professionnelle 2 . == Aikin kulob == A ranar 12 ga watan Yuli, 2010, Remache ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da JS Kabylie .<ref>[http://www.dzfoot.com/news-6914/d1-deux-departs-et-deux-arrivees-a-la-jsk/ D1 : Deux départs et deux arrivées à la JSK] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714051940/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-6914/d1-deux-departs-et-deux-arrivees-a-la-jsk/ |date=July 14, 2010 }}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A ranar 5 ga watan Afrilu, 2008, Remache ya kira Remache daga { [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya|ungiyar A' {asa ta Aljeriya,]] don wasa da USM Blida a ranar 11 ga Afrilu [http://www.dzfoot.com/news-3234.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408015036/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-3234.php |date=2008-04-08 }} Ya kuma kasance a matakin ƙasa da 23 .<ref>[http://www.dzfoot.com/fiche-1785.php Grèce 0-1 Algérie] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911132744/http://www.dzfoot.com/fiche-1785.php |date=September 11, 2012 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.elwatan.dz/JO-2008-Algerie-1-Ethiopie-3 JO 2008. Algérie 1- Éthiopie 3]{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Mayu, 2012, Vahid Halilhodžić ya kira Remache zuwa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya|tawagar 'yan wasan Algeria]] a karon farko, bayan da wasu 'yan wasan suka samu raunuka a sansanin.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.dzfoot.com/news-11558-en-alg-nig-belkacem-remache-en-renfort.php | title = EN : ALG-NIG, Belkacem Remache en renfort | author = T.O. | date = May 25, 2012 | accessdate = May 26, 2012 | language = French | publisher = DZFoot | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120528063417/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-11558-en-alg-nig-belkacem-remache-en-renfort.php | archivedate = May 28, 2012 }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Girmamawa == * Ya lashe kofin Aljeriya sau daya tare da JS Kabylie a gasar cin kofin Aljeriya 2010–11 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Belkacem Remache at DZFoot.com (in French) * {{Soccerway}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1985]] 4hrs81naxj1f2d7anu8v287j1p5fzj1 0 48229 839221 682900 2026-05-23T02:24:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''MV''' '''''ABT Summer''''' jirgin ruwan dakon mai ne wanda aka gina a farfajiyar ginin jirgin ruwan [[Koriya ta Kudu]] na Ulsan kuma aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 1974. Jirgin ruwan ya kai mita 344, a tsayi kuma kusan mita 54, a faɗinsa. Yayin da take ƙarƙashin tutar [[Laberiya]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url = http://www.cedre.fr/en/spill/abt_summer/abt_summer.php|title = ABT Summer|date = 2010-06-16|accessdate = 2014-12-06|website = Cedre|publisher = |last = |first = |archive-date = 2013-11-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131110192810/http://www.cedre.fr/en/spill/abt_summer/abt_summer.php|url-status = dead}}</ref> cike da man Iran kuma tana kan hanyar zuwa [[Rotterdam]], ta nutse cikin {{Convert|700|nmi}} daga gaɓar tekun [[Angola]] . Wani fashewa da ba a bayyana ba ya faru a ranar 28, ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1991, kuma jirgin da kayansa sun fara ƙonewa. Biyar daga cikin ma’aikatan jirgin guda talatin da biyu ne suka mutu a lamarin, huɗu daga cikinsu da farko an bayyana ɓacewarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.marineinsight.com/marine/life-at-sea/worst-oil-spills-the-abt-summer-oil-spill-incident/|title = Worst Oil Spills: The ABT Summer Oil Spill Incident|date = 2012-10-05|accessdate = 2014-12-06|website = Marine Insight|publisher = |last = |first = |archive-date = 2014-12-10|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141210072928/http://www.marineinsight.com/marine/life-at-sea/worst-oil-spills-the-abt-summer-oil-spill-incident/|url-status = dead}}</ref> Washegari, slick {{Convert|32|km}} tsayi da {{Convert|7|km}} faɗi ya fara samuwa. <ref name=":0" /> Jirgin ya ci gaba da ƙonewa na tsawon kwanakai uku kafin ya nutse a ranar 1, ga watan Yuni. An yi hasarar jigilar man da [[Jirgin sama|jirgin]] ya kai wajen ton 260,000, wanda ya bar abin da ake gani a saman tekun mai nisan mil tamanin. Ƙoƙarin gano tarkacen jirgin bayan faruwar lamarin ya ci tura.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.itopf.com/in-action/case-studies/case-study/abt-summer-off-angola-1991/|title = ABT SUMMER, off Angola, 1991|date = |accessdate = 2014-12-06|website = ITOPF|publisher = |last = |first = |archive-date = 2014-12-08|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141208174519/http://www.itopf.com/in-action/case-studies/case-study/abt-summer-off-angola-1991/|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.oilpollutionliability.com/abt-summer/|title = ABT Summer|accessdate = 2014-12-06|website = OilPollutionLiability.com|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141110231410/http://www.oilpollutionliability.com/abt-summer/|archive-date = 2014-11-10|url-status = dead}}</ref> == Duba kuma. == * Jerin zubewar mai. == Manazarta. == <references /> 8u9umuktchlzh2dtjzr9hgz8momatft 0 49207 839243 300817 2026-05-23T05:50:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Düsseldorf_Stadtteil_Bilk.svg|thumb| Taswirar Düsseldorf, yana nuna '''Bilk''' (cikin ja) a cikin Borough 3 (cikin ruwan hoda)]] '''Bilk''' wani yanki ne (''Stadtteil'' ) a [[Düsseldorf]]. Tare da Oberbilk, Unterbilk, Hamm, Flehe da Volmerswerth sun ƙunshi gundumomi/yanki guda uku 3, wanda shine yanki mafi yawan jama'a na Düsseldorf. Bilk yana da girman {{Convert|6.07|km2}},<ref name="geo20">{{cite web|url=https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/03_geografie/SD_2021_Kap_3.pdf|title=Stadtgebietsprofile - Stadtbezirke und Stadtteile 03 Geografie|publisher=Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf|access-date=4 November 2022}}</ref> da 41,150 mazauna (2020).<ref name="pop20">{{cite web|url=https://www.duesseldorf.de/fileadmin/Amt12/statistik/stadtforschung/download/05_bevoelkerung/SD_2021_Kap_5.pdf|title=Stadtgebietsprofile - Stadtbezirke und Stadtteile 05 Bevölkerung|publisher=Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf|access-date=4 November 2022}}</ref> Jami'ar Heinrich-Heine tana cikin garin Bilk. == Tarihi == [[File:Duesseldorf_Alt_St_Martin_1.jpg|thumb| Old Saint Martin Church]] [[File:Bst-dist.jpg|thumb|209x209px| Observatory (Bilker Sternwarte)]] A farkon ambaton Bilk shine shekara ta 799. Tsohon Cocin ya tsufa kuma yana da alama ya kasance daga kusan 700 AD, wanda Saint Suitbert ya ba da shi, amma wuta ta lalata shi kusan 900, kuma an ambaci shi a cikin 1019 a karon farko. A cikin ƙarnuka masu zuwa, an sake gina cocin akai-akai, musamman a ƙarni na goma sha biyu 12 da na goma sha bakwai 17. Har zuwa shekara ta 1206 yankin kamun kifi ''dusseldorp'', wanda ke Arewacin Bilk, ya kasance na Ikklesiya Bilk. Bayan ranar sha hudu 14 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 1288 ( Yakin Worringen ) Düsseldorf ya sami Haƙƙin Birni, Tsohon Bilk Church ya zama cocin birni. A cikin shekara ta 1380 gundumar /yanjun Berg ta zama Duchy na Berg, Düsseldorf babban birnin duchy. A cikin shekara ta 1384 ƙauyen Bilk (kudancin Tsohon Cocin Bilk, wanda mallakar Düsseldorf ne tun daga farko) ya zama wani yanki na birnin Düsseldorf. Tun daga shekara ta 1852 a Kudancin Düsseldorf an sami bunƙasa masana'antu a lokacin [[Industrial Revolution|juyin juya halin masana'antu]] . Düsseldorf ya girma zuwa kudu kuma cibiyoyin masana'antu na birni na al'ada suna nan har yanzu. A cikin shejarar ta 1893 ''Hammer Eisenbahnbrücke'' - gadar jirgin kasa a kan kogin Rhine - an gama. Bilk ta samu tashar jirgin kasa ta kanta, wacce a yau tashar jiragen kasa ce kawai ta yankin. An kafa Bilk Observatory a cikin shekara ta 1843 kuma an lalata shi ta hanyar bam a shekara ta 1943. A cikin shekara ta 1852 an sami asteroids 24 a wurin, wanda ake kira ''24 Düsseldorf planets'' . An gina sabon tashar jiragen ruwa na Düsseldorf tsakanin sheakara ta 1890 zuwa shekara ta 1896, amma bayan da wata masana'anta ta karafa ta rufe aikinta, tashar ta rasa muhimmancinta. A cikin shekara ta 1990 an rufe babban sashi kuma an cika shi. Masana'antar watsa labarai ta zauna a wannan ƙasa kuma cibiyar al'adu ta girma. A cikin shekara ta 1999 gine-ginen Gehry sun kammala sabon taron. == Kayan aiki == Tashar Düsseldorf-Bilk yanzu tana aiki ne kawai ta Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn (jiragen jiragen ƙasa masu sannu a hankali) kuma ana haɗa su ta layin S 8, S 11 da S 28 zuwa Neuss, Mönchengladbach, Kaarst, Wuppertal, Hagen, Erkrath, Mettmann, Dormagen, [[Köln|Cologne]] da sauran sassan Düsseldorf ( Tashar Tsakiya, Düsseldorf-Gerresheim ,. . . ). Layukan Tram suna haɗa Bilk tare da gundumar/yankin tsakiyar Düsseldorf da sauran gundumomi da yawa, musamman tare da kudancin birnin, Neuss, Ratingen, da jami'a. Haka kuma, layukan bas suna haɗa Bilk da sauran sassan birnin da garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da su. == Gine-gine da abubuwan jan hankali == [[File:St._Martin_in_Duesseldorf-Bilk,_von_Suedwesten.jpg|thumb| Saint Martin]] * Alte Bilker Kirche (Tsohon Saint Martin Church), gini mafi tsufa a Düsseldorf * Bilker Kirche (Cikin Saint Martin) * Polizeipräsidium (1929-1932) da Oberfinanzdirektion (1929-1939) * Rheinturm (mai tsayi 240.5 m) * Düsseldorfer Stadttor (ya lashe wasu lambobin yabo na gine-gine) * K21 - Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen * Lambun Botanic Düsseldorf * Gine-ginen Gehry a cikin Harbour == Shahararrun mutanen da suka zauna a Bilk == * Johann Friedrich Benzenberg an haifeshi a shekara ta (1777-1846), masanin ilmin taurari * Ferdinand Freiligrath (1810-1876) * [[Maria Melos]] an haifeshi a shekara ta (1820-1888) * Ferdinand Lassalle an haifeshi a shekara ta (1825-1864), daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Jamus. * Heinrich Spoerl an haifeshi a shekara ta (1887-1955), marubuci kuma ɗansa [[Alexander Spoerl]] an haifeshi a shekara ta (1917-1978), marubuci. * [[Jakob Salentin von Zuccalmaglio]] an haifeshi a shekara ta (1775-1838), masanin shari'a * Heino an haifeshi a shekara ta (1938) == Adabi == * Udo Achten (Hrsg. ): ''Düsseldorf zu Fuß, 17 Stadtteilrundgänge durch die Geschichte und Gegenwart'' . 1. Aufl., VSA-Verlag, Hamburg 1989 * Karl Endmann: ''Düsseldorf und seine Eisenbahnen a cikin Vergangenheit da Gegenwart'' . 2. Aufl., Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1987 * Oswald Gerhard da Wilhelm Kleeblatt (Hrsg. ''Düsseldorfer Sagen aus Stadt und Land'' . Werkgetreue Neuausgabe von 1926, Verlag der Goethe-Buchhandlung, Düsseldorf 1982 * Karl Emerich Krämer: ''Durchs Düsseltal nach Düsseldorf'' . 1. Aufl., Mercator-Verlag Gert Wohlfahrt, Duisburg/München 1968 * Sonja Schürmann: ''Düsseldorf, Eine moderne Landeshauptstadt mit 700jähriger Geschichte und Kultur'' . 1. Aufl., DuMont Kunst-Reiseführer, Köln 1988 * Hermann Smeets: ''Villa Bilici.'' ''Düsseldorf-Bilk früher und heute'' . 1. Aufl., Herausgegeben von der Stadt-Sparkasse Düsseldorf, Triltsch Druck und Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983 * Hugo Weidenhaupt: ''Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Düsseldorf'' . 4. Aufl., Verlag L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1968 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Commonscat|Düsseldorf-Bilk|Bilk}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228184944/http://www.go-bilk.de/go/index.php Go-Bilk] {{In lang|de}} * [http://www.duesselgo.de/d%c3%bcsseldorfer-stadtteile/bilk/ Yanar Gizo daga Bilk a Duesselgo.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525102859/http://www.duesselgo.de/d%C3%BCsseldorfer-stadtteile/bilk/ |date=2023-05-25 }} {{In lang|de}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060301102608/http://www.bilkerheimatfreunde.de/ Bilker Heimatfreunde] {{In lang|de}} * [http://www.bilkinfo.de/ Stadtteilinfos] {{In lang|de}} * [http://www.pfarrverband-bilkfriedrichstadt.de/ Katholische Pfarrgemeinde St. Martin Bilk-Friedrichstadt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050912001105/http://www.pfarrverband-bilkfriedrichstadt.de/ |date=2005-09-12 }} {{In lang|de}} * [http://www.friedenskirche-duesseldorf.de/ Evangelische Friedens-Kirchengemeinde Bilk-Unterbilk-Friedrichstadt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024083626/http://www.friedenskirche-duesseldorf.de/ |date=2023-10-24 }} {{In lang|de}} * [http://www.kunstsammlung.de/en/home.html K21 tarin fasaha] dhkjcxzgno6twq2s3gbqzqw4sqilhxr 0 50249 839066 832637 2026-05-22T17:01:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asia Mohammed Tom Taher Al-Katiabi''' kuma an santa da '''Asia Abdelmajid''' ({{Lang-ar|آسيا عبد الماجد}}; 1943, [[Omdurman]] – 3 Mayu, 2023) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma malamar ƙasar Sudan. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Sudan, inda ta fara samun yabo don wasan kwaikwayo da ta ke. Ita ce gwauruwar mawakiyar Muhammad al-Fayturi, an kashe ta a [[Rikicin Sudan, 2023|rikicin Sudan 2023]] a ranar 3 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Haq |first=Celine Alkhaldi,Mohammed Tawfeeq,Sana Noor |date=2023-05-04 |title=Sudan's first professional stage actress killed in shelling in Khartoum |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/04/africa/sudanese-actress-killed-khartoum-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Ta na da shekaru 80 a duniya. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Asiya Mohammed Tom Taher Al-Katiabi a Omdurman, Sudan a shekarar 1943 ga Batoul Mohammed Ahmed Al-Sheikh Al-Jali. Iyalan Al-Katiabi sun gabatar wa Sudan da waƙoƙi da dama kamar su Mawaki Al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir da {{Interlanguage link|Abdul Qadir Al-Ktiabi|ar|عبد القادر الكتيابي}} Ɗan uwanta Abdulmajid ne ya rene ta, wanda kamar mahaifinta na biyu ne, ta saka sunansa a matsayin na mahaifi.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |date=2019-11-20 |title=شخصيات عطرّت تأريخنا آسيا عبد الماجد .. رائدة المسرح السوداني {{!}} آخر لحظة {{!}} آخر لحظة |trans-title=Personalities Perfumed Our History, Assia Abdel-Majid... Pioneer of Sudanese Theater |url=http://akhirlahza-sd.com/24307/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210212759/http://akhirlahza-sd.com/24307/ |archive-date=2019-12-10 |website=Akhirlahza |language=ar}}</ref> Asiya ta yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta Abdel Moneim da ke birnin Khartoum, sannan ta yi karatu a makarantar Middle School ta Karry. A shekarar 1959 ta shiga Kwalejin Malamai da ke Omdurman, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a wannan kwaleji bayan ta kammala a shekara ta 1962. Asiya ta tafi ƙasar Masar a cikin shekarar 1968 don yin karatu a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Alkahira, a Sashen Mukaddashin, kuma ta kammala a shekarar 1972. Ita ce kan gaba a rukuninta da suka haɗa da [[Ahmed Zaki]], {{Interlanguage link|Ahmed Abdel Warth|ar|أحمد عبد الوارث}}, {{Interlanguage link|Ahmed Maher (actor)|ar|أحمد ماهر (ممثل)}}, {{Interlanguage link|Samira Mohsen|ar|سميرة محسن}}, {{Interlanguage link|Shahira|ar|شهيرة}} dad {{Interlanguage link|Afaf Shuaib|ar|عفاف شعيب}}. Ta sami digiri na biyu a Cibiyar Ilimin Larabci da Ci Gaban Karatu a Khartoum, kuma a lokacin karatunta a Alkahira, ta shiga cikin ƙaramin aiki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo "Al-Bakashin" a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Khiam wanda [[Farid Shawqi]] ya fito acikin shirin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=آسيا محمد توم الكتيابي: لجنة لتكريم الفيتوري والمساهمة في عودته |trans-title=Asia Muhammad Tom Al-Kitabi: A committee to honor Al-Fitouri and contribute to his return |url=https://www.sudaress.com/akhirlahza/114913 |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=سودارس |archive-date=2019-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210212803/https://www.sudaress.com/akhirlahza/114913 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Sana'a== Asiya tana son wasan kwaikwayo tun kuruciyarta lokacin da take yin labaran litattafai na matakin farko. A Makarantar Karry, ta shiga ƙungiyar riko a ƙarƙashin Farfesa Buthaina Khaled, don gabatar da ƙwararrun wasan kwaikwayo na Larabci da na duniya kamar Shajar al-Durr, [[Cleopatra]] da [[Cinderella]]. A wasu lokuta takan taka rawar maza a cikin wasan kwaikwayo<ref name=":02" />. Asiya ta samu sha'awar Farfesa Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim wadda ta rubuta labarinta a mujallar Muryar Mata. Lokacin da [[Sudan TV]] ta fara aiki a shekara ta 1963, Asiya tana shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo tare da [[Helmy Ibrahim]] da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ta kasance cikin shirin Ramadan tare da Al-Fadl Saeed [ar] wanda aka gabatar kai tsaye. An yi jerin shirye-shiryen kyauta tsawon shekaru biyu a jere saboda babu kasafin kudi.<ref name=":02" /> A shekarar 1965, a bikin cika shekara guda da juyin juya halin Oktoba, ta gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo Pamseeka, wanda shi ne wasan kwaikwayo na farko da aka nuna a dandalin sabon matakin ƙasa a Omdurman. Ta taka rawar gani kuma ƴan jaridu suna kiranta "'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta farko ta Sudan"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=عبدالله |first=عبد الماجد |date=2015-06-01 |title=أثر استخدام طریقة المناقشة على تحصیل طلاب الصف الأول الثانوی بالسودان فی مادة التربیة الإسلامیة "دراسة تجریبیة على ولایة الخرطوم" |trans-title=The effect of using the discussion method on the achievement of first grade secondary students in Sudan in Islamic education: an experimental study on the state of Khartoum |url=https://saep.journals.ekb.eg/article_25258.html |journal=دراسات عربیة فی التربیة وعلم النفس |language=ar |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=223–260 |doi=10.12816/0022538 |issn=2537-0650 |access-date=2023-07-07 |archive-date=2023-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924053100/https://saep.journals.ekb.eg/article_25258.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mutuwa == Asiya ta mutu a yammacin ranar 3 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 2023, sakamakon raunukan da ta samu bayan wani harsashi da ya biyo ta cikin gidanta da ke birnin Khartoum sakamakon [[Rikicin Sudan, 2023|rikicin da ya ɓarke a Sudan]] wanda ya fara a ranar 15 ga watan Afrilu, 2023 tsakanin Sojoji na Sudan da kuma [[Rapid Support Force]].<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |date=2023-05-04 |title=Pioneering actress killed in Sudan cross-fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65467934 |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Ntim |first1=Zac |date=4 May 2023 |title=Sudanese Actress Asia Abdelmajid Killed In Crossfire In Khartoum |url=https://deadline.com/2023/05/sudan-asia-abdelmajid-killed-khartoum-1235355906/ |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=Deadline}}</ref> An binne ta cikin sa'o'i kadan da harbe-harbe a filin [[kindergarten]] da take aiki, saboda yana da hadari a kai ta makabarta a lokacin da ake tsaka da gwabza yaƙin.<ref name="bbc" /> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1943]] [[category:Mutuwan 2023]] qm403c12591zhnlhyev4jplvmxzf93j 0 52126 839061 796509 2026-05-22T16:31:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sunjay_Kapur.jpg |thumb| Sunjay Kapur, mai arziki dan kasar Indiya]] [[File:Apartment_of_a_wealthy_citizen_of_St._Petersburg_(1).jpg |thumb| Ire iren gidan masu Arziki]] '''Arziki''' na nufin halin wadata ko kuma fin karfin buqatun yau da kullum. Ba kudi ne bane kawai arziki akwai arzikai kala kala na duniya.<ref>https://oceanfdn.org/ha/sabon-tattalin-arzikin-blue-da-ke-kula-da-teku-don-dorewar-mu/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:Total_wealth_per_capita,_1,_OWID.svg|thumb| Jimlar dukiya ga kowane mutum, a cikin 2014 ]] {{Stub}} lo4kbu84igb1hxqbqxuboledcdi9lui 0 61778 839129 499612 2026-05-22T20:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Azizah Mohd Dun.jpg|thumb|Azizah Mohd Dun]] [[Fayil:Azizah Mohd Dun.jpg|thumb|Azizah mohd fun ]] Datuk Seri Panglima [[Alhaji|Hajah]] '''Azizah binti Mohd Dun''' (Jawi; an haifeta ranar 29 ga Maris, 1958) [[ɗan siyasa|ƴar siyasar]] Malaysian ce, wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) daga Mayu 2020 zuwa Disamba 2022 da kuma Kwamitin Zaɓuɓɓuka na Musamman kan 'Yanci na Musamman da' Yancin Tsarin Mulki daga Nuwamba 2021 zuwa Nuwamba 2022, Mataimakiyar Ministan Jama'a (PAC) daga watan Agusta 2020 zuwa Oktoba na shekara ta 2022, Mata Ministan, Iyali da Ci Gaban da Ci Gabatarwa da Gwamnatin Kasuwanci da kuma Mataki a cikin Gwamnatin Kasashen Kan Kan Kan Kanni daga Maris na 2018 Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ci gaban Al'umma da Harkokin Abokan Ciniki na Sabah a cikin gwamnatin jihar BN a karkashin tsohon Babban Minista Musa Aman daga 2008 zuwa 2013. Bugu da kari, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar (MP) na Beaufort daga Maris 2004 zuwa Maris 2008 kuma daga Mayu 2013 zuwa Nuwamba 2022 da kuma memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Sabah (MLA) na Klias daga Maris 2008 zuwa Mayu 2013. Ita memba ce ta Jam'iyyar Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), jam'iyya ce ta jam'iyyar Perikatan Nasional (PN) da Gabungan Sabah Rakyat (GRS) da kuma tsohuwar jam'iyyar adawa ta Pakatan Harapan (PH) kuma ta kasance memba na United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), jam'iyyar da ke cikin hadin gwiwar BN.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/03/15/six-sabah-reps-who-jumped-from-umno-get-bersatu-cards/|title=Six Sabah reps who jumped from Umno get Bersatu cards|work= [[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|author= Mazwin Nik Anis and Joseph Kaos Jr|date=15 March 2019|access-date=15 March 2019}}</ref> Ta bar UMNO don zama mai zaman kansa a 2018 kuma daga baya ta shiga BERSATU a 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/12/sabah-umno-exodus-begins-with-nine-of-10-assemblymen-leaving-party/|title=Sabah Umno exodus sees nine of 10 Aduns, five of six MPs leave|work= [[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|author=Muguntan Vanar, Stephanie Lee and Natasha Joibi|date=12 December 2018|access-date=15 December 2018}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Azizah a garin Beaufort a ranar 29 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1958. Ta auri Paiman Karim . A shekara ta 2012, ta shiga Hadarin mota amma ta tsira tare da raunuka kaɗan yayin da mai tsaron jikinta da direbanta suka ji rauni sosai.<ref name="tragic accident">{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/04/22/sabah-minister-escapes-with-light-injuries-bodyguard-critical/|title=Sabah minister escapes with light injuries, bodyguard critical|author=Durie Rainer Fong|work=The Star|date=22 April 2012|access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == === Yaki da cin zarafin yara da mata === Azizah ta yi tsayayya da cin zarafin yaro da mata. A lokacin da take takara, ta shirya taron karawa juna sani, tattaunawa da shirye-shiryen aiki don yaki da laifukan cikin gida da suka shafi yara da mata.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/11/21/many-domestic-violence-and-child-abuse-cases-go-unreported/|title=Many domestic violence and child abuse cases go unreported|author=Muguntan Vanar|work=The Star|date=21 November 2010|access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref> Sau da yawa ta faɗakar da al'ummar Malaysia game da hauhawar shari'o'in cin zarafin yara kuma ta bukaci a dakatar da laifukan. Ta kuma kara da cewa bai kamata a fuskanci yara da mata a cikin gida ko kowane irin tashin hankali ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2011/01/23/sharp-rise-in-child-abuse-cases/|title=Sharp rise in child abuse cases|author=Ruben Sario|work=The Star|date=23 January 2011|access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref> Azizah tana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin da suka fara kwamitin jihar don daidaita ayyukan mata daidai da shirin ƙasar 1Malaysia . === Taimako ga nakasassu === Azizah kuma ita ce mai goyon baya ga nakasassu da za a ba su ƙarin taimako, kuma bayan mummunan hatsarin mota a shekarar 2012 wanda ya bar mai tsaron jikinta ya yanke.<ref name="tragic accident"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/05/10/accident-makes-minister-better-understand-needs-of-disabled/|title=Accident makes minister better understand needs of disabled|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=20 May 2012|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ta yaba da magajin garin Kota Kinabalu City Hall Iliyas Ibrahim don samar da karin kayan aiki ga mutanen da ke da buƙatu na musamman. A cewarta, yunkurin da magajin garin ya yi "ya kasance mai kyau ga jihar".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2010/08/17/disabledfriendly-town/|title=Disabled-friendly town|work=Bernama|publisher=The Star|date=17 August 2010|access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref> == Zabe == === Babban zaben 2013 === A cikin Zaben 2013, Azizah ta fuskanci Lajim Ukin, tsohon dan kungiyar United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) wanda ya tsallake zuwa Jam'iyyar Adalci ta Jama'a (PKR). Azizah ita ce mai riƙe da kujerar Klias. Ta canza takarar kujerarta don ta iya fuskantar tsohon abokin aikinta a kujerar Beaufort.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/04/14/ge13-lajim-ukin-to-defend-beaufort-parliament-eyes-klias-state-seat/|title=GE13: Lajim Ukin to defend Beaufort parliament, eyes Klias state seat|author=Muguntan Vanar|work=The Star|date=14 April 2013|access-date=17 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/05/15/azizah-linda-mary-among-new-faces-expected/|title=Azizah, Linda, Mary among new faces expected|author=Sandra Sokial|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=15 May 2013|access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/08/06/ge13-klias-election-petition-sabah/|title=BN challenge on Klias seat in Sabah allowed|author=Stephanie Lee|work=The Star|date=6 August 2013|access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref> === Babban zaben 2018 === Kafin Zaben 2018, Azizah ta ce tana goyon bayan duk wanda ya zaba dan takarar jam'iyyarsu ko da ba a zaba ta ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/12/09/azizah-prepared-shoulder-responsibility-if-given-mandate-again|title=Azizah prepared to shoulder responsibility if given mandate again|work=Bernama|publisher=The Sun|date=9 December 2017|access-date=10 December 2017|archive-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209111741/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/2017/12/09/azizah-prepared-shoulder-responsibility-if-given-mandate-again|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kafin zaben, an sake zabar ta don wakiltar kujerar Beaufort kuma ta lashe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/366778/bn-big-ship-opposition-merely-sailboat-pm-najib|title=BN a 'big ship', opposition merely a 'sailboat': PM Najib|author1=Wan Faizal Ismayatim|author2=Mohd Nazllie Zainul|publisher=New Straits Times|date=7 May 2018|access-date=8 May 2018|quote=Present were Deputy Chief Minister Tan Sri Joseph Pairin Kitingan and BN candidates for the Beaufort Parliamentary seat Datuk Azizah Mohd Dun; the Klias state seat Datuk Isnin Aliasnih; and the Kuala Penyu state seat Datuk Limus Jury.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://says.com/my/news/full-result-of-ge14-parliament-seats|title=Historic Win: The Complete Result Of GE14's Parliamentary Seats Across Malaysia|author=Nandini Balakrishnan|publisher=Says.com|date=10 May 2018|access-date=23 May 2018}}</ref> == Sakamakon zaɓe == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Majalisar dokokin Malaysia'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://semak.spr.gov.my/spr/laporan/5_KedudukanAkhir.php|title=Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Parlimen/Dewan Undangan Negeri|publisher=[[Election Commission of Malaysia]]|access-date=18 May 2018}} Percentage figures based on total turnout (including votes for candidates not listed).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://election.thestar.com.my/sabah.html|title=Sabah [Parliament Results]|work=The Star|access-date=18 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517234741/https://election.thestar.com.my/sabah.html|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> !Shekara !Mazabar ! colspan="2" |Mai neman takara !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Pct ! colspan="2" |Masu adawa !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Pct !Zaben da aka jefa !Mafi rinjaye !Masu halarta |- |2004 | rowspan="5" |P177 Beaufort, Sabah | {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | |Azizah Mohd Dun ([[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|UMNO]]) |'''Babu''' |'''Babu''' | colspan="7" bgcolor="dcdcdc" |{{Center|Unopposed}} |- | rowspan="2" |2013 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" |Azizah Mohd Dun ([[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|UMNO]]) | rowspan="2" align="right" |'''12,827''' | rowspan="2" |'''50.52%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | |Lajim Ukin (PKR) | align="right" |12,154 |47.87% | rowspan="2" |26,000 | rowspan="2" |673 | rowspan="2" |86.39% |- | {{party shading/State Reform Party}} | |Guan Dee Koh Hoi (STAR) | align="right" |409 | align="right" |1.61% |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="2" |Azizah Mohd Dun ([[Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Malays ta United|UMNO]]) | rowspan="2" align="right" |'''11,354''' | rowspan="2" |'''41.72%''' | {{Party shading/Sabah People's Hope Party}} | |Lajim Ukin (PHRS) | align="right" |8,023 |29.48% | rowspan="2" |28,154 | rowspan="2" |3,331 | rowspan="2" |84.44% |- | {{party shading/Keadilan}} | |Johan @ Christopher Ot Ghani (PKR) | align="right" |7,835 |28.79% |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%" |+'''Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Sabah'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://election.thestar.com.my/sabah.html|title=Sabah [Parliament Results]|work=The Star|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517234741/https://election.thestar.com.my/sabah.html|archive-date=17 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://election.thestar.com.my/|title=14th General Election Malaysia (GE14 / PRU14) – Results Overview|website=election.thestar.com.my}}</ref><ref name="undi.info">{{cite web |url= https://undi.info/sabah/r18/n25 |title= N25 Klias |publisher= [[Malaysiakini]] |access-date= 30 May 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dashboard.spr.gov.my/#!/dun/12/N.32|title=N.32 KLIAS|publisher=SPR Dashboard|date=26 September 2020|access-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> !Shekara !Mazabar ! colspan="2" | !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Pct ! colspan="2" |Masu adawa !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Pct !Zaben da aka jefa !Mafi rinjaye !Masu halarta |- | rowspan="2" |1986 | rowspan="5" |'''N36 Klias, P148 Limbawang''' | bgcolor="{{party color|United Sabah National Organisation}}" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |Azizah Mohd Dun (USNO) | rowspan="2" align="right" |2,652 | rowspan="2" |47.36% | {{Party shading/United Sabah Party}} | |'''Lajim Ukin''' (<nowiki><b id="mw4A">PBS</b></nowiki>) | align="right" |'''2,749''' |'''49.09%''' | rowspan="2" |5,670 | rowspan="2" |97 | rowspan="2" |74.55% |- | bgcolor="{{Love Sabah Party/meta/shading}}" | |Empih Godfrey Eigur (BERJAYA) | align="right" |199 |3.55% |- | rowspan="3" |1990 | bgcolor="{{party color|United Sabah National Organisation}}" rowspan="3" | | rowspan="3" |Azizah Mohd Dun (USNO) | rowspan="3" align="right" |2,888 | rowspan="3" |41.11% | {{Party shading/United Sabah Party}} | |'''Lajim Ukin''' (<nowiki><b id="mw-g">PBS</b></nowiki>) | align="right" |'''3,679''' |'''52.36%''' | rowspan="3" |7,102 | rowspan="3" |791 | rowspan="3" |78.49% |- | bgcolor="{{Love Sabah Party/meta/shading}}" | |Dokar Siang Tong (JABERYA) | align="right" |348 |4.95% |- | {{Party shading/Sabah Progressive Party}} | |Duin Banang (AKAR) | align="right" |111 |1.58% |- | rowspan="4" |2008 | rowspan="4" |'''N25 Klias, P177 Beaufort''' | rowspan="4" {{Party shading/Barisan Nasional}} | | rowspan="4" |'''Azizah Mohd Dun''' (<nowiki><b id="mwARc">UMNO</b></nowiki>) | rowspan="4" align="right" |'''5,900''' | rowspan="4" |'''61.36%''' | {{Party shading/Keadilan}} | |Abdul Rahman Md Yakub (PKR) | align="right" |3,487 |36.28% | rowspan="4" |9,976 | rowspan="4" |2,413 | rowspan="4" |71.90% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | |Tuafick Ruschi (IND) | align="right" |109 |1.13% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | |Md. Tajuddin Md. Walli (IND) | align="right" |82 |0.85% |- | {{Party shading/Independent}} | |Mat Lani Sabli (IND) | align="right" |37 |0.38% |} == Daraja == * : Knight Aboki na Order of the Crown of Pahang (DIMP) - Dato' (2003) {{Flag|Pahang}} ** [[File:MY-PAH_Order_of_the_Crown_of_Pahang_-_Knight_Companion_-_DIMP.svg|50x50px]] Knight Companion na Order of the Crown of Pahang (DIMP) - '''Dato'''' (2003) * : Kwamandan Order of Kinabalu (PGDK) - Datuk (2009) Babban Kwamandan Order na Kinabalu (SPDK) - Datut Seri Panglima (2021) {{Flag|Sabah}} ** [[File:MY-SAB_Order_of_Kinabalu_-_PGDK.svg|50x50px]] Kwamandan Order of Kinabalu (PGDK) - '''Datuk''' (2009)<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 October 2009|title=Rosmah gets Datuk Seri Panglima title|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2009/10/24/rosmah-gets-datuk-seri-panglima-title/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217143352/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2009/10/24/rosmah-gets-datuk-seri-panglima-title/|archive-date=17 February 2020|access-date=10 April 2021|website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> ** [[File:MY-SAB_Order_of_Kinabalu_-_SPDK.svg|50x50px]] Babban Kwamandan Order of Kinabalu (SPDK) - '''Datuk Seri Panglima''' (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * Azizah Mohd Duna kanFacebook [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1958]] n61bq5ej5xj7tn3ukkfrusnpe0fr8k7 0 63393 839313 338717 2026-05-23T11:07:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Béatrix Midant-Reynes''' masaniya ƴar ƙasar Faransa wadda ta kasance darektan Cibiyar Français d'archéologie Orientale daga 2010 zuwa 2015.<ref>[http://www.ifao.egnet.net/ifao/anciens/ Directeurs et membres scientifiques.] Institut français d'archéologie orientale. Retrieved 28 November 2015.</ref> A cikin 2004, Midant-Reynes ta sami lambar yabo ta Diane Potier-Boès don aikinta kan asalin Masar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.academie-francaise.fr/beatrix-midant-reynes|title=Béatrix MIDANT-REYNES {{!}} Académie française|website=www.academie-francaise.fr|access-date=2019-11-14}}</ref> Midant-Reynes a halin yanzu yana jagorantar aikin archaeological a [[Wadi Sannur]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Beatrix Midant-Reynes |url=https://www.ifao.egnet.net/recherche/chercheurs/bmidantreynes/ |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=IFAO - Institut français d’archéologie orientale |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A baya ma ta kasance darektan ayyukan archaeological a Tell el-Iswid daga 2006 zuwa 2016, Kom el-Khilgan daga 2002 zuwa 2005, co-director a Adaïma daga 1989 zuwa 2005, co-director a Maghar-Dendera a 1987.<ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tell el-Iswid |url=https://www.archeonil.com/index.php/projects/tell-el-iswid |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=www.archeonil.com |archive-date=2022-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222024027/https://www.archeonil.com/index.php/projects/tell-el-iswid |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce ke da alhakin buga abubuwan lithic a wurin Ain Asil, [[Dakhla Oasis]].<ref name=":0" /> == Labarai == * ''Felsbilder Nubien :Verhältnis zu den prädynastischen Kulturen Ägyptens'', 1974 * ''Les gestes de l'artisan egyptien'',1981 * ''Le Nain de Pount'',1990 * ''Préhistoire de l'Egypte :des premiers homes aux premiers pharaons'',1992 * ''Ouserê, prince du Nil'',1992 * ''La gestion de l'eau dans l'Égypte ancienne'',1994 * ''Léau et le pouvoir'',1995 * ''Sources et saye des matières premières,1997'' * ''Le silex de Àyn-As-il :oasis de Dakhla-Balat'',1998 * ''Les questions de chronologie'', 1999 * ''Tarihin zamanin Masar : daga Masarawa na farko zuwa Fir'auna na farko'',2000 * ''Yin hadaya da humain en contexte funéraire'',2000 * ''L'invention de l'écriture'', 2001 * ''Adaima'',2002 * ''Economie et mazaunin'', 2002 * ''Asalin sunan farko de l'Egypte : du Néolithique à la naissance de l'État'', 2003 * ''L'Égypte da ses voisins aux 5e da 4e millénaire'',2004 * ''L'Egypte des premiers pharaons : dossier'',2004 * ''L'Egypt prédynastique'', 2005 * ''Les civilizations préhistoriques du Soudan ancien.Hommage a Francis Geus'' , 2006 * ''Hotuna : les pionniers de la préhistoire en Égypte'', 2007 * ''La naissance de l'architecture funéraire'', 2008 ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] af7kacrtz95g7yiedviziymrh9ra37h 0 64182 839304 694528 2026-05-23T10:22:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bubacarr Bah,''' [[Masana'antar man fetur da ma'adinai ta Nijar|masani]] ne ɗan [[Senegal|ƙasar]] [[Gambiya|Gambia]] kuma shugaban Kimiyyar Bayanai a Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka (AIMS). Mataimakin farfesa ne a Jami'ar Stellenbosch kuma memba na majalisar ba da shawara ta waje ta fasaha [[Google|ta Google]].<ref name=orcid>Bubacarr Bah's {{ORCID}}</ref><ref name=gs>{{Google scholar id}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Bah [[Gambiya|a Gambia]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://aims.ac.za/2016/10/01/the-aims-network-through-aims-south-africa-welcomes-another-research-chair-from-outside-the-continent-under-the-german-research-chair-programme-at-aims/|title=The AIMS network welcomes another Research Chair under the German Research Chair programme at AIMS|publisher=AIMS South Africa|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26|website=aims.ac.za|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215448/https://aims.ac.za/2016/10/01/the-aims-network-through-aims-south-africa-welcomes-another-research-chair-from-outside-the-continent-under-the-german-research-chair-programme-at-aims/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya karanci [[Lissafi|ilimin lissafi]] a Jami'ar Gambia kuma ya kammala karatun summa cum laude a shekara ta 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deeplearningindaba.com/bubacarr-bah.html|title=Bubacarr Bah|website=deeplearningindaba.com|publisher=[[Deep Learning Indaba]]|language=en|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215447/http://www.deeplearningindaba.com/bubacarr-bah.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://lions.epfl.ch/people/alumni/alumni-postdocs/alumni-postdocs-bubacarr_bah/|title=Bubacarr Bah – LIONS|website=lions.epfl.ch|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215449/https://lions.epfl.ch/people/alumni/alumni-postdocs/alumni-postdocs-bubacarr_bah/|url-status=dead}}</ref> An ba shi digiri na Master of Science (MSc) daga [[Jami'ar Oxford]],<ref name=bmsc>{{cite thesis|degree=MSc|publisher=University of Oxford|url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e55c4a57-0a51-40d4-bbd7-37abd38afe66|title=Diffusion Maps: Analysis and Applications|first= Bubacarr|last=Bah|date=2008|website=ora.ox.ac.uk|oclc=430338759}} {{free access}}</ref> inda ya karanta ilimin lissafin lissafi a matsayin ɗalibi na digiri na biyu na Kwalejin Wolfson, Oxford.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://aims.ac.za/research/data-science-and-information-systems/dr-bubacarr-bah/|title=Dr Bubacarr Bah {{!}} AIMS South Africa|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215451/https://aims.ac.za/research/data-science-and-information-systems/dr-bubacarr-bah/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=tanner>{{Cite web|url=https://people.maths.ox.ac.uk/tanner/people.shtml|publisher=University of Oxford |title= Mathematics Institute - Jared Tanner - Students & Postdocs|website=people.maths.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2019-03-26|first=Jared|last=Tanner|year=2018}}</ref> Ya shiga Jami'ar Edinburgh, inda yayi digirinsa na PhD {{Interlanguage link|Jared Tanner}}<ref name=bphd>{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|publisher=University of Edinburgh|title=Restricted isometry constants in compressed sensing|first= Bubacarr|last=Bah|date=2012|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.578348}}|oclc=862754793|hdl=1842/7642}} {{free access}}</ref><ref name=mathgene/><ref name=tanner/> ya bincike sa kuma kula da shi. Ya kasance memba na Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.siam.org/students/chapters/pdf/an11-12_pp.pdf|title=Student chapter breakfast|website=siam.org|publisher=Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref> Aikinsa akan matrices Gaussian an ba shi kyautar SIAM mafi kyawun takardar ɗalibi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bah|first1=B.|last2=Tanner|first2=J.|date=2010|title=Improved Bounds on Restricted Isometry Constants for Gaussian Matrices|journal=SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications|volume=31|issue=5|pages=2882–2898|doi=10.1137/100788884|issn=0895-4798|arxiv=1003.3299|s2cid=5859468 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/201009/rtx100901138p.pdf|title=Mathematics People|website=ams.org|publisher=[[American Mathematical Society]]|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref> == Bincike da aiki == Tsakanin shekarun 2012 zuwa 2014 Bah ya kasance mai bincike na gaba da digiri a École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, inda ya ci gaba da bincikensa kan Compressed Sensing. Ya kasance memba na Laboratory for Information and Inference Systems.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-01-09|title=Dr Bubacarr Bah elected Humbolt [sic&#93; Chair Faculty at AIMS South Africa|url=https://actu.epfl.ch/news/dr-bubacarr-bah-elected-humbolt-chair-faculty-at-a/|language=en|website=actu.epfl.ch}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2014 Bah ya shiga Jami'ar Texas a Austin, inda ya yi aiki a kan sarrafa sigina, koyan injina da dabarun yin samfura a cikin manyan bayanai.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nexteinstein.org/blog/2016/08/31/bubacarr-bah-has-been-awarded-the-prestigious-german-chair-in-mathematics/?platform=hootsuite|title=Bubacarr Bah Has Been Awarded the Prestigious German Chair in Mathematics {{!}} AIMS|website=nexteinstein.org|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091845/https://www.nexteinstein.org/blog/2016/08/31/bubacarr-bah-has-been-awarded-the-prestigious-german-chair-in-mathematics/?platform=hootsuite|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya ƙirƙiri matrix don rage girman girma wanda ke amfani da abubuwan sakawa bi- Lipschitz, wanda zai iya yin amfani da redundancy data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.colorado.edu/amath/events/Computational-Math-Seminar-Bubacarr-Bah|title=Computational Math Seminar: Bubacarr Bah|date=2015-10-06|website=colorado.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aims-cameroon.org/2016/06/17/visiting-delegation-from-the-alexander-von-humboldt-foundation/|website=aims-cameroon.org|title=Visiting delegation from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation {{!}} AIMS Cameroon - NextEinstein Initiative|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215449/https://aims-cameroon.org/2016/06/17/visiting-delegation-from-the-alexander-von-humboldt-foundation/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bah|first1=Bubacarr|last2=Sadeghian|first2=Ali|last3=Cevher|first3=Volkan|date=2013|title=Energy-aware adaptive bi-Lipschitz embeddings|arxiv=1307.3457}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2016 Bah an naɗa shi shugaban Jamus a fannin lissafi a Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Lissafi ta Afirka (AIMS), wanda [[Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt|Gidauniyar Humboldt]] ke tallafawa. Ƙungiyar AIMS ta yi maraba da wannan matsayi, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa Afirka na buƙatar ingantattun kayan aikin kimiyyar bayanai. Bah ya shirya taron injiniyan software na ilimin lissafi na ilimin lissafi, wanda ke koyar da shirye-shirye na asali da shirye-shiryen bincike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://seams-workshop.gitlab.io/faculty/|title=SEAMS Workshop v5 ~ TBD 2019!|website=seams-workshop.gitlab.io|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nexteinstein.org/blog/2017/06/02/aims-south-africa-data-science-workshop-organised-by-dr-bubacarr-bah-the-german-research-chair-of-mathematics/|title=AIMS South Africa : Data Science Workshop organised by Dr Bubacarr Bah, the German Research Chair of Mathematics {{!}} AIMS|website=nexteinstein.org|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215449/https://www.nexteinstein.org/blog/2017/06/02/aims-south-africa-data-science-workshop-organised-by-dr-bubacarr-bah-the-german-research-chair-of-mathematics/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana da alhakin haɗa AIMS a Afirka ta Kudu da Afirka ta Tsakiya da jami'o'in Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/45078366.html|title=Humboldt Foundation strengthens university education and research in mathematics in Africa|website=humboldt-foundation.de|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215445/https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/45078366.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2019, [[Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt]] ta tallafa da kujeru biyar a cibiyoyin AIMS.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/54057910.html|title=New research chair appointed in Africa|website=humboldt-foundation.de|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215451/https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/54057910.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya rike matsayi na hadin gwiwa a Jami'ar Stellenbosch, inda yake aiki akan ka'idar bayanai da zurfafa ilmantarwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sanum.github.io/|title=SANUM - South African Numerical and Applied Mathematics|website=sanum.github.io|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newton.cam.ac.uk/person/isaac-id-21837|title=Bubacarr Bah {{!}} Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences|website=newton.cam.ac.uk|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326215456/http://newton.cam.ac.uk/person/isaac-id-21837|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin watan Maris 2019 an naɗa Bah a cikin majalisar ba da shawara ta waje ta fasaha [[Google|ta Google]], tarin ƙwararrun waɗanda za su yi la'akari da ƙa'idodin bayanan ɗan adam (AI) na Google.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blog.google/technology/ai/external-advisory-council-help-advance-responsible-development-ai/|title=An external advisory council to help advance the responsible development of AI|date=2019-03-26|website=blog.google|language=en|access-date=2019-03-26}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] b6jvgjds86ee66uh9ecg71omb5n5sd9 0 69492 839291 374445 2026-05-23T09:24:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Breaded Life''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Biodun Stephen]] ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Biodun Stephen, Tara Ajibulu da Kayode Sowade ne suka samar da shi. Tauraruwar MC Lively, [[Bisola Aiyeola]], [[Timini Egbuson]], [[Bimbo Ademoye]], [[Bolanle Ninalowo]] da [[Lateef Adedimeji|Adedimeji Lateef]]. An fara gabatar da shi a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2021 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na iMax Legas sannan aka sake shi a duk fadin kasar a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2021. Yana da juyawa daga wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na 2016, Hoton cikakke kuma ya ƙunshi wasu daga cikin 'yan asalin da aka jefa daga Hoton Cikakke. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Nwafor|date=2021-04-12|title=Breaded life, the Anticipated Sequel to 'Picture Perfect' hits Cinema April 16|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/breaded-life-the-anticipated-sequel-to-picture-perfect-hits-cinema-april-16/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-17|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412112248/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/breaded-life-the-anticipated-sequel-to-picture-perfect-hits-cinema-april-16/ |archive-date=12 April 2021 }}</ref> == Labarin fim== Breaded Life ya bi abubuwan da suka faru na ɗa mai girman kai da lalacewa wanda ya fito daga gida mai arziki kuma an sanya shi ya koyi darussan rayuwa ta hanyar da ta dace. Ya biyo bayan wani saurayi mara fahimta amma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi (Timini Egbuson) wanda ya ƙaunaci mai sayar da burodi (Bimbo Ademoye). Mahaifiyarsa (Tina Mba) duk da haka ta yi watsi da halin da ake ciki. Rayuwarsa tare da mai sayar da burodi ya fallasa shi ga rayuwa a cikin duniyar da aka kama shi. Wannan sa ya shiga hanyar yaki tare da mahaifiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ekechukwu|first=Ferdinand|date=2021-03-27|title=Biodun Stephen's Breaded Life is Ready|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/27/biodun-stephens-breaded-life-is-ready/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-17|website=[[This Day]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417224038/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/03/27/biodun-stephens-breaded-life-is-ready/ |archive-date=17 April 2021 }}</ref> == Ƴan wasan== * [[MC Lively|MC Rayuwa]] * [[Bisola Aiyeola]] * [[Timini Egbuson]] * [[Bimbo Ademoye]] * [[Bolanle Ninalowo]] * [[Lateef Adedimeji|Adedimeji Lateef]] * [[Tina Mba]] * Amuda Eko * Kashi mai ban dariya * [[Jide Kosoko]] * Lizzy Jay * Wannan ranar Lahadi mai albarka * Tomiwa Mai Hikima * Karen Spikes A cewar Biodun Stephen, Breaded Life labari ne na rayuwa ta gaskiya wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da abubuwan da mutanen da ke kewaye da ita. Samarwar hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin aikin Shutterspeed da David Wade . Fim din ya dauki kwanaki 16. Kungiyar samarwa dole ne ta yi hulɗa da Area Boys yayin yin fim a Kasuwar [[Agege]] . == Karɓuwa == Wani mai bita Sodas N Popcorn ya lura cewa Breaded Life "ya buga bayanan da suka dace" amma yana da wasu kuskuren da suka shafi karkatar da makirci a ƙarshen da kuma babban saƙon fim din. Wani mai bita kammala cewa fim din ya cancanci kuɗin fim duk da haka yana lura da cewa an jefa Egbuson a matsayin yaro mai cin zarafi yayin da Ninalowo ya kasance a matsayin yaro na yanki. din samu kimanin miliyan 10 a farkon karshen mako da miliyan 32 a mako na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=It took me 3 years to make 'Breaded Life' - filmmaker, Biodun Stephen|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/it-took-me-3-years-to-make-breaded-life-filmmaker-biodun-stephen/sesrfm3|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2021-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920213843/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/it-took-me-3-years-to-make-breaded-life-filmmaker-biodun-stephen/sesrfm3|url-status=dead}}</ref> and ₦32 million by the second week.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-27|title=5 top grossing Nollywood movies this April|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/5-top-grossing-nollywood-movies-this-april/52b6907|access-date=2021-09-19|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 10 Nollywood movies in 2021 - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/05/04/top-10-nollywood-movies-in-2021/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=pmnewsnigeria.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{IMDb title}} == Haɗin waje == 8viv1a3ylcov5ynazyx46egicu3vpl1 0 71209 839056 484389 2026-05-22T15:52:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 839056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Wasila''''' fim ne na Najeriya na 2000 wanda Ishaq Sidi Ishaq ya jagoranta, wanda ke nuna labarin soyayya da ya shafi Jamilu da matarsa Wasila, wanda ke da ilimi. Jamilu yana aiki a banki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wasila [HausaFilms.TV - Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/film/wasila |access-date=2024-02-15 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> Fim din ya nuna rashin lokacin Jamilu don ciyarwa a gida tare da matarsa saboda jadawalin da yake aiki. Sakamakon haka, wata rana, matarsa ta gayyaci tsohon abokinta Moɗa zuwa gidansu bayan mijinta ya tafi ofishin. Lokacin da Jamilu ya koma ofishin, manajansa ya tambaye shi game da fayil ɗin da ya manta ya miƙa wuya. Jamilu ya tuna da fayil ɗin kuma ya gaggauta komawa gida. Lokacin da ya isa, ya sami matarsa tare da tsohuwar abokiyarta a cikin dakin zama, yana haifar da kishi tsakanin su. == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo == * Ali Nuhu * Wasila Ismail * Kudin Kyau * Abdullahi Kwaya * Rashida Bello * Aisha Ibrahim * Fatima Musa * Hajara Usman == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Fina-finan Najeriya]] [[Category:Fim]] f4dpww7q9sj4p8nro96j1e3s8u7ajon 0 72308 839193 812925 2026-05-22T22:38:42Z Hamza DK 12444 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342099452|Akin Omotoso]]" 839193 wikitext text/x-wiki   Akin Omotoso ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya, marubuci, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. An fi saninsa da jagorantar fim din 2022 Rise . Mahaifinsa Kole Omotoso da 'yar'uwarsa Yewande Omotoso su ma marubuta ne == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Omotoso a Najeriya, inda ya girma a Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]] . Iyalinsa sun yi hijira zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a 1992 bayan mahaifinsa, [[Kole Omotoso]], ya ɗauki alƙawari na ilimi tare da Jami'ar Western Cape . Akin Omotoso ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]], inda ya sami difloma a fannin magana da wasan kwaikwayo. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekara ta 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa Film Festival |title=Akin Omotoso bio |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/BR/akin-omotoso/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172107/http://www.africanfilmny.org/BR/akin-omotoso/ |archive-date=2017-04-05 |access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref> == Sana'a == Omotoso ya shiga cikin nishaɗi yayin da yake jami'a. Farkon wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance a ''Sunjata'' ta Mark Fleishman . Wannan kuma ya sami Omotoso lambar yabo ta Fleur du Cap don ɗaliban da suka fi alkawari a shekarar 1995. Ya yi amfani da kuɗin daga yin wasan kwaikwayon a cikin wasan don jagorantar gajeren fina-finai na farko, The Kiss of Milk, The Nightwalkers, da The Caretaker . A shekara ta 1999, ya rubuta fim dinsa na farko mai tsawo, mai taken Allah ne na Afirka . An fitar da fim din a shekara ta 2003. Ya fara kamfani na samarwa tare da Robbie Thorpe da Kgomotso Matsunyane da ake kira T.O.M. hotuna a shekara ta 2003. Omotoso ya ba da umarnin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Jacob's Cross a kan Africa Magic, M-Net da SABC tsakanin 2007 da 2013. A shekara ta 2010, ya fara aiki a kan Tell Me Sweet Something; yana magana game da rubutun tare da Pulse Nigeria, ya bayyana cewa Theodore Witchers' Love Jones (1997) shine tasirin fim din. Omotoso ya kuma lura cewa ya sami tallafi daga Asusun Ci gaban Mata na Afirka. Fim din ya ba shi lambar yabo ta darektan mafi kyau a 2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chidumga |first=Izuzu |author-link= |date=14 March 2016 |title=Filmmaker talks "Tell me Sweet Something," importance of musical score, what makes a film great |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/akin-omotoso-filmmaker-talks-tell-me-sweet-something-importance-of-musical-score-what-makes-a-film-great-id4800585.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823095017/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/akin-omotoso-filmmaker-talks-tell-me-sweet-something-importance-of-musical-score-what-makes-a-film-great-id4800585.html |archive-date=23 August 2017 |access-date=29 December 2016 |website=Pulse}}</ref> A wata hira da Azania Mosaka, ya bayyana yanayin masana'antar fina-finai ta Afirka ta Kudu kamar yadda yake da yanayi mai kyau ga masu shirya fina-fakka. Ya amince da kudade daga Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu da Gidauniyar Fim da Bidiyo ta Kasa (NFVF) wacce ke shirya masu ruwa da tsaki ga masana'antar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Azania |first=Mosaka |date=30 September 2016 |title=SA's future of film is positive, says award-winning director Akin Omotoso |url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/125329/sa-s-future-of-film-is-positive-says-award-winning-director-akin-omotoso |website=Radio 702}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Omotoso ya ba da umarnin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] biopic Rise for [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]], wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita gaba ɗaya. Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din Wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar samar da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk fadin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |date=24 June 2022 |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |website=SK POP}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1994 |''Birnin Soul'' | | |- |1999 |''[[A Reasonable Man|Mutumin da ya dace]]'' |Mai ɗaukar hoto | |- |2000 |''Operation Delta Force 5: Wutar Ruwa'' |Mataimakin Consul Williams | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''Allah Ba'amurkiya ne'' |Tsohon DJ |Ba a san shi ba, darektan |- |''Tsararru'' |Soap Opera | |- | rowspan="2" |2004 |''Gums & Noses'' |Mutumin Farin Ciki | |- |''Wasikar soyayya ta Zulu'' |Waƙoƙin Sulemanu |Murya |- |2005 |''Ubangiji na Yaƙi'' |Janar Solomon | |- | rowspan="3" |2006 |''Diamond na jini'' |Mai Zaman Lafiya | |- |''Tattara 'yan uwan da suka warwatse'' | |Takaitaccen, darektan |- |''Wurin da ake kira Gida'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- | rowspan="3" |2007 |''Ka girgiza hannayensu da Iblis'' |Paul Kagame | |- |''Masu Bincike Uku da Asirin Tsibirin Skeleton'' |Gamba | |- |''Soul Buddyz'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2008 |''Yesu da Giant'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2009 |''[[Wole Soyinka]]: Yaron daji'' | |Darakta, shirin |- |2011 |''[[Man on Ground|Mutum a Kasa]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2013 |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2014 |''Hector da Neman Farin Ciki'' |Shugaban Afirka | |- |2015 |''[[Ka gaya mini wani abu mai dadi]]'' | |Daraktan |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Ɗa Mai Al'ajabi ga Shugaban kasa'' |Kalu Akinrinsa | |- |''Sarauniyar Katwe'' |Shugaban Rwabushenyi | |- |''Gaskiya ta Tsirara'' |Madiba | |- |''[[Vaya (fim)|Ya tafi]]'' | |Daraktan |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Catching Feelings (film)|Jin Jin dadi]]'' |Joel | |- |''[[A Hotel Called Memory|Otal ɗin da ake kira Memory]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2019 |''[[The Ghost and The House Of Truth|Ruhun da Gidan Gaskiya]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2022 |''[[Rise (fim na Amurka na 2022)|Tashi da Ɗauki]]'' |Bamidele |Daraktan |- |2026 |An yi alama | |Daraktan |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * L{{IMDb name|0648473}} {{Best Director at the Africa International Film Festival|state=collapsed}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Yan wasan kwaikwayo maza na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Daraktocin fim a harshen yarbanci]] [[Rukuni:Jarumai maza a sinima na yarbawa]] n4bokh6zbodjw4yolxuf4q4pouce925 839195 839193 2026-05-22T22:40:24Z Hamza DK 12444 839195 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} Akin Omotoso ((listenⓘ)) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1974) shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya, marubuci, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. An fi saninsa da jagorantar fim din 2022 Rise . Mahaifinsa Kole Omotoso da 'yar'uwarsa Yewande Omotoso su ma marubuta ne == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Omotoso a Najeriya, inda ya girma a Ile Ife, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]] . Iyalinsa sun yi hijira zuwa [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a 1992 bayan mahaifinsa, [[Kole Omotoso]], ya ɗauki alƙawari na ilimi tare da Jami'ar Western Cape . Akin Omotoso ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]], inda ya sami difloma a fannin magana da wasan kwaikwayo. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekara ta 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa Film Festival |title=Akin Omotoso bio |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/BR/akin-omotoso/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405172107/http://www.africanfilmny.org/BR/akin-omotoso/ |archive-date=2017-04-05 |access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref> == Sana'a == Omotoso ya shiga cikin nishaɗi yayin da yake jami'a. Farkon wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance a ''Sunjata'' ta Mark Fleishman . Wannan kuma ya sami Omotoso lambar yabo ta Fleur du Cap don ɗaliban da suka fi alkawari a shekarar 1995. Ya yi amfani da kuɗin daga yin wasan kwaikwayon a cikin wasan don jagorantar gajeren fina-finai na farko, The Kiss of Milk, The Nightwalkers, da The Caretaker . A shekara ta 1999, ya rubuta fim dinsa na farko mai tsawo, mai taken Allah ne na Afirka . An fitar da fim din a shekara ta 2003. Ya fara kamfani na samarwa tare da Robbie Thorpe da Kgomotso Matsunyane da ake kira T.O.M. hotuna a shekara ta 2003. Omotoso ya ba da umarnin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Jacob's Cross a kan Africa Magic, M-Net da SABC tsakanin 2007 da 2013. A shekara ta 2010, ya fara aiki a kan Tell Me Sweet Something; yana magana game da rubutun tare da Pulse Nigeria, ya bayyana cewa Theodore Witchers' Love Jones (1997) shine tasirin fim din. Omotoso ya kuma lura cewa ya sami tallafi daga Asusun Ci gaban Mata na Afirka. Fim din ya ba shi lambar yabo ta darektan mafi kyau a 2016 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chidumga |first=Izuzu |author-link= |date=14 March 2016 |title=Filmmaker talks "Tell me Sweet Something," importance of musical score, what makes a film great |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/akin-omotoso-filmmaker-talks-tell-me-sweet-something-importance-of-musical-score-what-makes-a-film-great-id4800585.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823095017/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/akin-omotoso-filmmaker-talks-tell-me-sweet-something-importance-of-musical-score-what-makes-a-film-great-id4800585.html |archive-date=23 August 2017 |access-date=29 December 2016 |website=Pulse}}</ref> A wata hira da Azania Mosaka, ya bayyana yanayin masana'antar fina-finai ta Afirka ta Kudu kamar yadda yake da yanayi mai kyau ga masu shirya fina-fakka. Ya amince da kudade daga Ma'aikatar Ciniki da Masana'antu da Gidauniyar Fim da Bidiyo ta Kasa (NFVF) wacce ke shirya masu ruwa da tsaki ga masana'antar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Azania |first=Mosaka |date=30 September 2016 |title=SA's future of film is positive, says award-winning director Akin Omotoso |url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/125329/sa-s-future-of-film-is-positive-says-award-winning-director-akin-omotoso |website=Radio 702}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Omotoso ya ba da umarnin [[Giannis Antetokounmpo]] biopic Rise for [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]], wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita gaba ɗaya. Sourav Chakraborty na Sportskeeda ya sami Rise ya zama fim din Wasanni mai ban sha'awa, ya bayyana cewa Omotoso ya sami nasarar samar da yanayi na tashin hankali a duk fadin jagorancinsa, kuma ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon mambobin simintin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakraborty |first=Sourav |date=24 June 2022 |title=Rise review: Disney's latest family-friendly portrait of a superstar(s) |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/pop-culture/rise-review-disney-s-latest-family-friendly-portrait-superstar-s |website=SK POP}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |1994 |''Birnin Soul'' | | |- |1999 |''[[A Reasonable Man|Mutumin da ya dace]]'' |Mai ɗaukar hoto | |- |2000 |''Operation Delta Force 5: Wutar Ruwa'' |Mataimakin Consul Williams | |- | rowspan="2" |2003 |''Allah Ba'amurkiya ne'' |Tsohon DJ |Ba a san shi ba, darektan |- |''Tsararru'' |Soap Opera | |- | rowspan="2" |2004 |''Gums & Noses'' |Mutumin Farin Ciki | |- |''Wasikar soyayya ta Zulu'' |Waƙoƙin Sulemanu |Murya |- |2005 |''Ubangiji na Yaƙi'' |Janar Solomon | |- | rowspan="3" |2006 |''Diamond na jini'' |Mai Zaman Lafiya | |- |''Tattara 'yan uwan da suka warwatse'' | |Takaitaccen, darektan |- |''Wurin da ake kira Gida'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- | rowspan="3" |2007 |''Ka girgiza hannayensu da Iblis'' |Paul Kagame | |- |''Masu Bincike Uku da Asirin Tsibirin Skeleton'' |Gamba | |- |''Soul Buddyz'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2008 |''Yesu da Giant'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2009 |''[[Wole Soyinka]]: Yaron daji'' | |Darakta, shirin |- |2011 |''[[Man on Ground|Mutum a Kasa]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2013 |''Wasan Ƙarshe'' | |Shirye-shiryen talabijin, darektan |- |2014 |''Hector da Neman Farin Ciki'' |Shugaban Afirka | |- |2015 |''[[Ka gaya mini wani abu mai dadi]]'' | |Daraktan |- | rowspan="4" |2016 |''Ɗa Mai Al'ajabi ga Shugaban kasa'' |Kalu Akinrinsa | |- |''Sarauniyar Katwe'' |Shugaban Rwabushenyi | |- |''Gaskiya ta Tsirara'' |Madiba | |- |''[[Vaya (fim)|Ya tafi]]'' | |Daraktan |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''[[Catching Feelings (film)|Jin Jin dadi]]'' |Joel | |- |''[[A Hotel Called Memory|Otal ɗin da ake kira Memory]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2019 |''[[The Ghost and The House Of Truth|Ruhun da Gidan Gaskiya]]'' | |Daraktan |- |2022 |''[[Rise (fim na Amurka na 2022)|Tashi da Ɗauki]]'' |Bamidele |Daraktan |- |2026 |An yi alama | |Daraktan |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * L{{IMDb name|0648473}} {{Best Director at the Africa International Film Festival|state=collapsed}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Yan wasan kwaikwayo maza na Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Daraktocin fim a harshen yarbanci]] [[Rukuni:Jarumai maza a sinima na yarbawa]] a4qtg8akumhq8xtkk9dpeq4e8vaxrwi 0 72553 839216 503977 2026-05-23T00:49:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flickr - nicogenin - 66ème Festival de Venise (Mostra) - Basma Hassan.jpg|thumb|basma hassan]] '''Basma Ahmed Sayyed Hassan''' ( {{Lang-ar|بسمة أحمد سيد حسن}} ; an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba 1976) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce [[Misirawa|ta Masar]]. == Rayuwar farko == Mahaifin Basma ɗan jarida ne, mahaifiyarta kuma mai fafutukar [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|kare hakkin mata]] ne. Ita ce jika ta mahaifiyarta ga marigayi Youssef Darwish, wacce Bayahudiya ce ta ƙasar Masar kuma mai fafutukar kwaminisanci.<ref name="Marriage">{{Citation |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/34685/Egypt/Politics-/Love-smiles-on-Egyptian-parliamentarian.aspx |first=Ekram |last=Ibrahim |title=Love smiles on Egyptian parliamentarian |newspaper=Ahram Online |date=16 February 2012 |access-date=17 February 2012}}</ref> Basma ta karanci adabin turanci a jami'ar Alkahira.<ref name="masrawy">{{cite web|url=https://www.masrawy.com/arts/zoom/details/2019/12/7/1683955/-%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AA-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B9%D8%AC-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%81-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A9|title="وصفت نفسها بالبطة البلدي وعانت من ديانة جدها ولا تنزعج من جرأتها".. مواقف من حياة بسمة|website=masrawy.com|language=Arabic|date=7 December 2019}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[File:Flickr_-_nicogenin_-_66ème_Festival_de_Venise_(Mostra)_(25).jpg|thumb|200x200px| Basma (hagu), [[Omar Sharif]] da Cyrine Abdelnour]] Basma ta fara aikinta ne a lokacin da take karatu a jami'a a cikin fim ɗin "''El Madyna'' (The City)" (1999) inda darakta Yousry Nasrallah ya zaɓe ta don shiga cikin fim ɗin. Kafin ta yi aiki, ta yi ƙoƙari ta zama mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo kuma ta riga ta yi hira a tashar rediyo ta ƙasa. Amma kafin komai, Yousry Nasrallah ta zabo ta a fim din "''El Madyna'' (birni)". Daga baya, ta yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amurka, ''Tyrant''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stepfeed.com/5-middle-eastern-actresses-starring-in-hit-american-series-4752|title=5 Middle Eastern actresses starring in hit American series|website=stepfeed.com|date=19 November 2017|access-date=28 February 2024|archive-date=17 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917200431/https://stepfeed.com/5-middle-eastern-actresses-starring-in-hit-american-series-4752|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == [[Fayil:Flickr - nicogenin - 66ème Festival de Venise (Mostra) (25).jpg|thumb|Basma Hassan a gefe]] A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairu, 2012, Basma Hassan ta auri Amr Hamzawy, ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa, wanda ɗan majalisa ne na Jam'iyyar Freedom Egypt Party.<ref name="Marriage"/> Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya mace mai suna Nadia, amma sun rabu a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.annahar.com/article/978499-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530114036/https://www.annahar.com/article/978499-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 30, 2019|title=للمرة الأولى... بسمة تتحدث عن كواليس طلاقها|website=annahar.com|language=Arabic|date=30 May 2019}}</ref> == Filmography == * Rasael Al Bahr (Sea Messages), 2010 * [[The Traveller (2009 film)|The Traveller]], 2009 * [[Zay El Naharda]] (Yesterday is a new day), 2008: ''May'' * Morgan Ahmed Morgan, 2007: ''Alyaa'' * Kashf hesab, 2007: ''Donia'' * Le'bet El hobb (Game Of Love), 2006: ''Hanan'' * The Night Baghdad Fell, 2005 * Harim Karim, 2005: ''Dina'' * Men nazret ain (By a Glimpse of an Eye), 2004: ''Noody'' * El Na'amah W El tawus (Ostrich And Peacock), 2002: ''Samira'' * El Nazer, 2000 * El Madyna (City), 1999: ''Nadia'' == Kyautattuka == * Kyauta mafi kyawun kyauta a [[Motion Picture Association Festival]] saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin "Zay El Naharda" (2009) * Kyauta mafi kyawun kyautar (Masar Cinema Awards) saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin "Morgan Ahmed Morgan" (2008) * Kyauta mafi kyawun kyautar (Masar Cinema Awards) saboda rawar da ta taka a "Wasan Soyayya" (2007) * Kyauta mafi kyawun kyautar (Masar Cinema Awards) saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin "The Night Baghdad Fell" (2006). * Kyautar bikin "Hasken Safi" a Safi, Maroko (2006) * Mafi kyawun sabuwar fuska da kyaututtukan 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a sashin Larabawa na [[Alexandria International Film Festival|bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alexandria]] saboda rawar da ta taka a "jimina da dawasa" (2002) == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1976]] qkhfk6ishwf7mht3q15x2trp8whk674 0 73045 839268 618712 2026-05-23T07:58:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bob Smith Junior''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da Diabolo Man, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Ghana, furodusa kuma marubuci. Ya shahara da rawar da ya taka a fina-finai kamar ''[[Diabolo (fim)|Diabolo]]'' da ''[[Mamma Mia (fim, 1995)|Mamma Mia]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-slept-with-3-snakes-in-a-room-Diabolo-677566|title=I slept with 3 snakes in a room - Diabolo|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2018/08/18/pay-attention-folklore-bob-smith-jnr-aka-diabolo-man-ghanaian-movie-producers/|title="Pay Attention To Folklore" - Bob Smith Jnr aka "Diabolo Man" To Ghanaian Movie Producers|date=2018-08-18|website=GhanaCelebrities.Com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-13|archive-date=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113181622/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2018/08/18/pay-attention-folklore-bob-smith-jnr-aka-diabolo-man-ghanaian-movie-producers/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/june-24th/filmmakers-use-funerals-grounds-as-meeting-place-bob-smith-jnr.php|title=Filmmakers use funeral grounds as meeting place - Bob Smith Jnr|date=2016-06-24|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-11-13|archive-date=2019-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113181627/http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2016/june-24th/filmmakers-use-funerals-grounds-as-meeting-place-bob-smith-jnr.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Filmography == * ''[[Diabolo (fim)|Diabolo]]'' * ''[[Mamma Mia (fim, 1995)|Mamma Mia]]'' * Coming to ''Ghana'' * Sika Mu Sakawa == Duba kuma == * Eddie Coffie == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9dejow6xuakuff2wm52o2pe2i8ehjn9 0 75229 839266 426052 2026-05-23T07:32:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Blessing Abeng|image=|caption=|birth_name=Blessing Abeng|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|10|16}}|organization=[[Ingressive for Good]]|known_for=|birth_place=[[Jos]], Nigeria|nationality=[[Nigerian]]|education={{Plainlist| * [[Covenant University]] }}|occupation=Entrepreneur|website={{URL|blessingabeng.com}}}}'''Blessing Abeng''' (an haife ta 16 Oktoba 1994) yar kasuwa ce ta Najeriya kuma wacce ta kafa Disha, wacce Flutterwave ta samu yanzu '''.''' Tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa [[Mai yawan yin tsokaci ga Good|Ingressive for Good]] (I4G), ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta fasaha. A cikin 2022, ta lashe kyautar gwarzon Afirka na shekara kuma a cikin 2023, an jera ta a cikin "Forbes Africa 30 Under 30".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Blessing Abeng, The Branding Mogul - Biopreneur Nigeria|url=https://www.biopreneur.com.ng/2023/04/blessing-abeng-bio.html|access-date=2023-07-31|language=en|archive-date=2023-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731042920/https://www.biopreneur.com.ng/2023/04/blessing-abeng-bio.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ingress For Good Gets New Founder, Blessing Abeng|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ingressive-for-good-gets-co-founder/|website=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-19|title=FORBES AFRICA 30 UNDER 30 CLASS of 2023: TOMORROW'S TITANS|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2023/04/19/forbes-africa-30-under-30-class-of-2023-tomorrows-titans/|access-date=2023-07-31|website=www.forbesafrica.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Somto|first=Bisina|date=2023-04-06|title=Ayra Starr, Tems, Koko by Khloe, Blessing Abeng, Others Make Forbes Africa 30 Under 30 List|url=https://www.primebusiness.africa/ayra-starr-tems-koko-by-khloe-others-make-forbes-africa-30-under-30-list/|access-date=2023-07-31|website=Prime Business Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Blessing Abeng ne a ranar 16 ga Oktoban 1994 a [[Jos|garin Jos]] [[Plateau (jiha)|na jihar Filato]] a [[Najeriya]] amma asalinta 'yar [[Cross River|jihar Cross Rivers ce]] . Bayan ta sami digiri a Biochemistry daga Jami'ar Covenant, Nigeria, ta wuce Orange Academy, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] inda ta yi karatun sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nigeria|first=TheTimes|date=2023-05-21|title=Blessing Abeng: Transforming African Youth Into Tech-driven Wealth Creators|url=https://www.thetimes.com.ng/2023/05/blessing-abeng-transforming-african-youth-into-tech-driven-wealth-creators/|access-date=2023-07-31|website=TheTimes.com.ng|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731042050/https://www.thetimes.com.ng/2023/05/blessing-abeng-transforming-african-youth-into-tech-driven-wealth-creators/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=10 African women in Tech at the forefront of Africa's Digital Transformation in 2021|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/10/10-african-women-in-tech-at-the-forefront-of-africas-digital-transformation-in-2021/|access-date=October 20, 2021|website=Vanguard News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ekugo|first=Ngozi|date=2023-05-21|title=Blessing Abeng: Transforming African youth into Tech-driven wealth creators|url=https://nairametrics.com/2023/05/21/blessing-abeng-transforming-african-youth-into-tech-driven-wealth-creators/|access-date=2023-07-31|website=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ta haɗu da Disha, wani dandamali na fasaha wanda ya fara farawa azaman hanyar haɗi a cikin kayan aikin bio har sai Flutterwave ya samo shi a cikin 2021. A cikin 2017, Blessing Abeng ta zama babban darektan Startup Grind. Ita ce mai haɗin gwiwa kuma kuma Daraktan Sadarwa a [[Mai yawan yin tsokaci ga Good|Ingressive for Good]] (I4G), ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce aka kafa tare da [[Maya Horgan Famodu]] da Sean Burrowes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flutterwave Acquires Disha in Massive Boost to Global Creator Economy {{!}} The Flutterwave Blog|url=https://flutterwave.com/|access-date=2023-07-31|website=Flutterwave|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-10|title=Flutterwave acquires digital creator platform Disha in massive boost to global creator economy|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/flutterwave-acquires-digital-creator-platform-disha-in-massive-boost-to-global/m2rk3nv|access-date=2023-07-31|website=Business Insider Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Okafor|first=Chinedu|date=2021-08-20|title=Startup Grind Lagos monthly summit to hold this Saturday with Parkit CEO, Gerald Okonkwo as guest speaker » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/startup-grind-lagos-monthly-summit-to-hold-this-saturday-with-parkit-ceo-gerald-okonkwo-as-guest-speaker/|access-date=2023-07-31|website=YNaija|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Admin|first=Credo|date=2023-03-07|title=25 Most Inspiring Nigerian Women in 2023! - Credocentral|url=https://credocentral.com/blog/index.php/credo-top-most-inspiring-women-in-2023/|access-date=2023-07-31|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731044831/https://credocentral.com/blog/index.php/credo-top-most-inspiring-women-in-2023/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Blessing Abeng, Maya Horgan and Sean Burrowes as founders of Ingressive for Good - THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/10/27/ingressive-for-good-announces-abeng-as-new-co-founder|access-date=2023-07-31|website=www.thisdaylive.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Popoola|first=Nike|date=2020-07-08|title=Ingressive For Good to empower African youths, targets 5,000 jobs - Blessing Abeng announces|url=https://punchng.com/firm-to-empower-african-youths-targets-5000-jobs/|access-date=2023-09-25|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ganewa == A cikin Afrilu 2023, Abeng yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Najeriya da aka jera a cikin Forbes Africa 'yan ƙasa da 30 matasa masu tasiri na Afirka tare da wasu shida da suka haɗa da Tems da [[Ayra Starr]] . A cikin 2022, ta lashe kyautar gwarzon Afirka na shekara, kuma ta kasance cikin manyan mutane na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na Afirka 'yan kasa da shekaru 40. A wannan shekarar, ta ci lambar yabo ta Hereconmy Woman of the year. A cikin Satumba 2021, Abeng ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan Najeriya 100 mafi karfi na [[YNaija]] a karkashin 40. A cikin Nuwamba 2021, an zabe ta don lambar yabo ta ELOY.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2023-04-05|title=Meet 7 influential young Nigerians listed on 2023 Forbes Africa 30 Under 30|url=https://guardian.ng/life/meet-7-influential-young-nigerians-listed-on-2023-forbes-africa-30-under-30/|access-date=2023-09-25|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=YNaija|date=2023-04-06|title=Tems, Blessing Abeng, Ayra Starr, Koko by Khloe, and four others named in Forbes Africa's 30 Under 30 list » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/tems-ayra-starr-koko-by-khloe-and-four-others-named-in-forbes-africas-30-under-30-list/|access-date=2023-07-31|website=YNaija|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=UN's Global 100 Most Influential People of African Descent Under 40|url=https://www.mipad.org/files/MIPAD-ANNOUNCEMENT-2022-Online-Version.pdf|website=MIPAD}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Okafor|first=Chinedu|date=2021-09-01|title=#YNaijaPowerList2021: Davido, Ola Brown, Tacha, Blessing Abeng, Dare Adekoya, Tunde Ednut listed among most powerful young Nigerians » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/ynaijapowerlist2021-davido-ola-brown-tacha-dare-adekoya-tunde-ednut-listed-among-most-powerful-young-nigerians/|access-date=2023-09-25|website=YNaija|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Gidan yanar gizon hukuma == * {{Official website|https://www.blessingabeng.com}} == Nassoshi == [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] l8vnzru58eho337kootktv6mbaydv9u 0 75427 839025 539249 2026-05-22T12:08:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|citizenship=Kenya|occupation=Woman athletic|organisation=IAAF World Cross Country Championships|monuments=IAAF World Cross Country Championships{{!}}2009|Gama mulki=MedalGold 2009 Amman Senior team}} '''Ann Karindi Mwangi''' (an haife shi 8 Disamba 1988) ɗan tseren Kenya ne na tsakiya da na nesa . Ta kasance mai lambar zinare a gasar IAAF ta duniya a shekarar 2009 kuma ta wakilci kasarta a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2011. Daga Nyahururu a cikin gundumar Laikipia ta Kenya, <ref>Damary, Rita (2014-03-15). [http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2014/03/15/wanjiku-best-in-10000m-at-first-ak-meet-in-nakuru_c910569 Wanjiku best in 10,000m at first AK meet in Nakuru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107194135/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2014/03/15/wanjiku-best-in-10000m-at-first-ak-meet-in-nakuru_c910569 |date=2023-11-07 }}. ''The Star''. Retrieved on 2016-09-03.</ref> Ta ƙaura zuwa Japan kuma ta yi takara ga ƙungiyar kamfanoni na Toyota Industries . Ta kafa rikodin mataki a Gasar Kasuwancin Ekiden na Mata ta Duk-Japan ta 2010. <ref>Nakamura, Ken (2010-12-19). [https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/tenmaya-team-wins-japanese-corp-womens-ekiden Tenmaya team wins Japanese Corp Women's Ekiden Champs ]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-09-03.</ref> Ta yi takara a Kenya, ta samu babbar lambar yabo ta farko a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta IAAF ta 2009 . A matsayi na bakwai, ta dauki taken kungiyar mata tare da taimakon Florence Kiplagat, Linet Masai da Lineth Chepkurui . <ref>[https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/kenya/ann-karindi-mwangi-241517 Ann Karindi Mwangi]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-09-03.</ref> Ta ci Cross Zornotza a shekara mai zuwa kuma ta sami nasarar farko a matakin farko a Japan a Gasar Mata ta 10K ta Sanyo . <ref>Shigenobu Ota et al. (2013-12-27). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_SanyoHM.htm Sanyo Women's Half Marathon]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2014-02-22.</ref> <ref>Gasparovic, Juraj (2011-01-10). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_ZornotzaXC.htm Cross Zornotza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214195051/https://www.arrs.run/HP_ZornotzaXC.htm |date=2019-12-14 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2011-01-21.</ref> Ta fara mai da hankali sosai kan tazarar tsakiya bayan 2009. Ita ce ta shida a tseren mita 1500 a gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na Afirka ta 2010 da kuma na 2011 na Afirka baki daya . Ta taimaka kafa tarihin duniya a gasar tseren mita 4 × 1500 . Gudun cikin tawagar tare da Mercy Cherono, Irene Jelagat, da [[Perin Nenkampi]], matan sun dauki dakika biyu daga mafi kyawun baya a 17: 05.72 mintuna. <ref>Mutuota, Mutwiri (2014-04-27). [https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/4x1500m-world-record-kenya Women's 4x1500m world record for Kenyan quartet]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-09-03.</ref> == Mafi kyawun mutum == * 800 metres – 2:04.69 min (2015) * 1500 metres – 4:05.23 min (2014) * 3000 metres – 8:43.54 min (2009) * 5000 metres – 15:15.19 min (2010) * 10K run – 32:47 min (2011) Duk bayanai daga bayanan All-Athletics profile <ref>[http://www.all-athletics.com/node/135473 Ann Karindi Mwangi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001714/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/135473 |date=2017-03-05 }}. All-Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-09-03.</ref> == Gasar kasa da kasa == {| {{AchievementTable}} |- |rowspan=2|2009 |rowspan=2|[[2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Amman]], Jordan |7th |[[2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race|Senior race]] |26:49 |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Senior team |14 pts |- |2010 |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |6th |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 1500 metres|1500 m]] |4:14.81 |- |2011 |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Maputo]], Mozambique |6th |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Women's 1500 metres|1500 m]] |4:18.76 |- |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{World Athletics}} == Nassoshi == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] 4eigwag7kafaxcdo3sxg83qrkq6sh20 0 76707 839292 407554 2026-05-23T09:27:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839292 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person|highlights=Real Stars sports Awards best of the year (2022)<ref name="ChimpReports 2022 t493">{{cite web | title=Brenda Ekone Delightful after Clinching 2022 Real Superstar Award | website=ChimpReports | date=2022-12-16 | url=https://chimpreports.com/brenda-ekone-delightful-after-clinching-2022-real-superstar-award/ | access-date=2024-03-21}}</ref>|nationality=Ugandan<ref name="FIBA 3x3 h805">{{cite web | title=Brenda Ekone | website=FIBA 3x3 | url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/4fd5e78b-70c4-4987-81e2-31384c229538 | access-date=2024-03-21}}</ref>|league=FIBA Africa Women's Basketball League - Qualifiers (2023)|team=Just Kip Living Lady Dolphins (JKL Dolphins)|college=[[Nkumba University]]|high_school=*[[St. Mary's College Kisubi|St. Mary's College]] *[[Tororo Girls School]]|education=Nkumba University|occupation=Ugandan women basketball player|citizenship=Uganda}}'''Brenda Ekone''' (an haife shi 10 Yuni 1996) ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brenda EKONE at the FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2023 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/player/Brenda-Ekone |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a ranar 10 ga Janairu 1996 zuwa Robert da Josephine Ekone a Kalaki, Kaberamaido . <ref name="Isabirye 2022 k757">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-11-19 |title=KNOW YOUR STARS: Versatile Brenda Ekone hails sports for her life achievements |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/11/19/know-your-stars-versatile-brenda-ekone-hails-sports-for-her-life-achievements/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> Brenda ta fara karatun firamare a makarantar firamare ta ranar Nabumali, ta wuce makarantar sakandare ta Jerisa, sannan ta wuce makarantar ’yan mata ta Tororo, da kuma Rock High School, Tororo inda ta yi karatun sakandare. Daga baya ta wuce Makarantar St. Mary's College, gundumar Wakiso don karatun A-level inda ta karanta Adabin Tarihi, Divinity da ICT. Brenda yana da digiri na farko a Social Works And Social Administration (SWASA), digiri na biyu a cikin Gudanarwa da Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Nkumba . == Sana'a == Brenda ta fara aikinta tun tana shekara 14. Tun lokacin da ta fara wasan kwando, ta yi wa Nkumba Lady Marines wasa daga 2014 zuwa 2019 kafin ta shiga JKL Lady Dolphins a 2020. An ba ta suna MVP na shekaru uku a jere (2017, 2018, 2019), ta lashe gasar farko ta 2019. <ref name="Kawalya 2022 j520">{{Cite web |last=Kawalya |first=Brian |date=2022-07-01 |title=NBL: Brenda Ekone Wants To Keep Scoring |url=https://sportsnation.co.ug/2022/07/01/nbl-brenda-ekone-wants-to-keep-scoring/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Live from ground }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1996]] krx4jrn1xbg4vkieft3hc45xf5zpjq2 0 76909 839128 800222 2026-05-22T20:18:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Morocco women's team substitutes - 2022 CAN Finale.jpg|thumb]] '''Aziza Rabbah''' ( {{Lang-ar|عزيزة الرباح}} ; an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1986) ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ƴar ƙasar Morocco wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga AS FAR da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Morocco|ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasar Maroko]] . Tana aiki a matsayin kyaftin na AS FAR. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2022 |title=King Congratulates AS FAR for CAF Women's Champions League Win |url=https://www.facebook.com/hespresseng/posts/660616902072798/ |website=Hespress English}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Rabbah ta buga wa FC Berrechid wasa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2006 |title=اللاعبة نزهة الحارثي من رجاء اكادير بالفريق الوطني لكرة القدم النسوية |url=https://www.maghress.com/sousssport/627 |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=Maghress |language=ar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta lashe Gasar Arewacin Afirka, [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Morocco|Gasar Wasanni]] da yawa, da [[Kofin Sarautar Mata na Maroko|Kofin Al'arshi]] na shekara ta dubu biyu da takwas 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco (Women) 2008 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/maro-wom08.html |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> tare da kulob ɗin, kafin daga bisani ta shiga AS FAR . Tare da AS FAR, Rabbah ta lashe [[Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Morocco|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] 10 tun daga kakar shekarar 2012/13, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco - List of (Women) Champions |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/maro-womchamp.html |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> [[Kofin Sarautar Mata na Maroko|Kofin Al'arshi]] 8, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco - List of (Women) Cup Winners |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/maro-womcuphist.html |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> da Gasar Cin Kofin CAF na 2022 . A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da ɗaya 2021, AS FAR ta ƙare ta uku a Gasar Cin Kofin CAF. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Rabbah yana buga wasa akai-akai a Morocco a babban matakin tun 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Competitions - 11th Edition Women AFCON- GHANA 2018 - Match Details |url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/11theditionwomenafcon-ghana2018/MatchDetails?MatchId=7sIf63FaUmZtJtjsjFcLRPmDweJm7DxwFKR2%2fpCcxCdNdvjoaTgH2xD8Wn8T8uH1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412111950/http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/11theditionwomenafcon-ghana2018/MatchDetails?MatchId=7sIf63FaUmZtJtjsjFcLRPmDweJm7DxwFKR2%2fpCcxCdNdvjoaTgH2xD8Wn8T8uH1 |archive-date=12 April 2018 |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=Confederation of African Football}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sebastián |first=Rubén |date=5 August 2018 |title=SELECCIÓN NACIONAL INDIA vs SELECCION NACIONAL MARRUECOS |url=http://www.cotifalcudia.com/partido/seleccion-nacional-india-vs-seleccion-nacional-marruecos/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |website=Cotif Alcudia |language=es}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> Ta shiga cikin kokarin neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika da na duniya da [[Gasar Olympic|na Olympics]] . Reynald Pedros ne ya zaba ta don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta Mata na 2022 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2022 |title=Wafcon 2022: Squads for tournament in Morocco |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/61968800 |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar wasa mafi tsufa a cikin 'yan wasan tana da shekaru 36. Duk da cewa tana kan benci a dukkan wasannin da Morocco ta buga, ba ta buga gasar ba. Morocco ta kai wasan karshe inda ta sha kashi a hannun Afrika ta Kudu da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2022 |title=WAFCON 2022: SA crowned champions, record attendance; here are 5 tournament highlights |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/25/wafcon-2022-sa-crowned-champions-record-attendance-here-are-5-tournament-highlights// |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=Africa News |archive-date=30 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730170217/https://www.africanews.com/2022/07/25/wafcon-2022-sa-crowned-champions-record-attendance-here-are-5-tournament-highlights// |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, Maroko ta sami nasarar samun cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2023 . [[Fayil:MarocFéminine.jpg|thumb|Aziza Rabbah a cikin yan wasa ]] Ba a zabi Rabbah a matsayin wani bangare na tawagar Morocco a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2023 ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zouiten |first=Sara |date=19 June 2023 |title=Morocco Unveils Squad List for 2023 Women’s World Cup |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2023/06/356029/morocco-unveils-squad-list-for-2023-womens-world-cup |access-date=14 August 2023 |website=Morocco World News}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na mata na kasar Morocco == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 73eyyc0k3ahq6yes1xs23l62lypaiwh 0 76962 839077 548478 2026-05-22T18:40:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:2016-02-01_778_Auma_Obama,_die_%C3%A4ltere_Halbschwester_des_US-Pr%C3%A4sidenten_Barack_Obama,_hier_zusammen_mit_H%C3%B6hner-Frontmann_Henning_Krautmacher.JPG |thumb|Rita]] '''Rita Auma Obama''' (an haife ta ne acikin shekara ta 1960) 'yar fafutukar ‘yancin jama’a ce ta Kenya da Burtaniya, masaniyar zamantakewa, ‘yar jarida, marubuciya, kuma 'yar'uwar shugaban ƙasar Amurka na 44, [[Barack Obama]] . Obama tayi aiki a matsayin Shugabar zartarwa ta Gidauniyar Sauti (Gidauniyar Muryoyi masu Karfi), kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke taimaka wa marayu da sauran matasa da ke fama da talauci a [[Kenya]]. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Tom Odhiambo |first=and Stella Cerono |date=25 July 2015 |title=Why Auma holds special place in her famous brother's life |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Why-Auma-holds-special-place/1056-2808700-4ad4v0z/index.html |access-date=28 June 2018}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last="The Farmer and His Prince" Staff |date=2012 |title=Dr. Auma Obama: Background |url=http://thefarmerandhisprince.com/index.php/derfilm-4/132-obama-2 |access-date=28 June 2018 |publisher=Thefarmerandhisprince.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == [[File:Dr._Auma_Obama_(2016).jpg|left|thumb|Dakta Suna Obama ]] Auma Obama 'diya ce ga Barack Obama Sr. da matarsa ta farko, Kezia Obama (née Aoko).<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Kepher Otieno |first=and George Olwenya |date=4 November 2008 |title=Fascinating story of Obama family |url=http://www.eastandard.net/uselections/InsidePage.php?id=1143998528 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817205956/http://www.eastandard.net/uselections/InsidePage.php?id=1143998528 |archive-date=17 August 2009 |access-date=28 June 2018 |format=Archived from the Original}}</ref><ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=13 December 2011 |title=Barack Obama's stepmother, Kezia Obama, is granted British citizenship |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/8952426/Barack-Obamas-stepmother-Kezia-Obama-is-granted-British-citizenship.html |access-date=28 June 2018 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Patrick Barkham |date=2 February 2009 |title=Barack Obama: My stepson, the president |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/feb/02/barack-obama-stepmother-kezia-obama |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]] |place=London, United Kingdom}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar uwar [[Barack Obama]]. Bayan ta halarci makarantar firamare ta gida da Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenya acikin shekara ta(1973)zuwa cikin shekara ta (1978), ta sami tallafin karatu don halartar jami'a a Jamus. Ta yi karanci Jamusanci a Jami'ar Heidelberg a cikin shekara ta 1981 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1987. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Heidelberg, ta tafi karatun digiri a Jami'ar Bayreuth, ta kammala karatu da digiri na digirgir a Falsafanci a shekarar 1996. Ta kuma yi karatu a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Jamus a Berlin.<ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Dialog International |date=29 July 2008 |title=Auma Obama, Barack's German Connection |url=http://www.dialoginternational.com/dialog_international/2008/07/auma-obama-bara.html |access-date=28 June 2018 |website=Dialoginternational.com}}</ref> Ayyukan ƙarshe na Obama a Kwalejin Fim shine fim na minti ashirin All That Glitters acikin shekara ta (1993), wanda ta haɗu da tarurruka na jinsi wajen nuna rashin lafiyar rayuwar baƙar fata a bayan hadin kan Jamus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Layne |first=Priscilla |date=1 December 2018 |title=All That Glitters Isn't GoldAuma Obama's Nightmare of Postunification Germany |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/camera-obscura/article-abstract/33/3%20(99)/75/136956/All-That-Glitters-Isn-t-GoldAuma-Obama-s-Nightmare |journal=Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies |language=en |volume=33 |issue=3 (99) |pages=75–101 |doi=10.1215/02705346-7142188 |issn=0270-5346 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[File:Auma_Obama_2014.jpg |thumb|Auma]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7yhtaz48zsq55xsc435y0d8sv3nkx6w 0 77231 839131 414482 2026-05-22T20:22:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Azra Dewan''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2003) 'Mai wasan motsa jiki ce ta Afirka ta Kudu .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=DEWAN Azra - FIG Athlete Profile |url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/athletes/bio_detail.php?id=69606 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=www.gymnastics.sport}}</ref> Ta wakilci kasar ta a gasar Olympics ta matasa ta 2018 kuma ta lashe lambar yabo a gasar zakarun Afirka da yawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Dewan ta fara wasan ne tun tana 'yar shekara takwas, a shekarar 2018 an ba ta suna Junior Rhythmic Gymnast of the Year ta Kungiyar Gymnastics ta Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name=":0"/> == Ayyuka == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018 ta fafata a gasar zakarun Afirka a [[Kairo|Alkahira]], inda ta dauki matsayi na 4 a cikin All-Around kuma ta sami wuri ga YOG, ta 5 tare da hoop da ribbon kuma ta lashe tagulla tare da kwallon da kungiyoyi. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Oktoba ta fafata a Wasannin Olympics na Matasa a [[Buenos Aires]] inda ta kammala cancanta a matsayi na 32 kuma ba ta kai wasan karshe ba, a matsayin memba na kungiyar Rosie MacLennan ta kammala ta 11 a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 Youth Olympics Qualification |url=https://www.buenosaires2018.com/results/resYOG2018/pdf/YOG2018/GRY/YOG2018_GRY_C73A_GRYW1AA---------------QUAL--------.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117093624/https://www.buenosaires2018.com/results/resYOG2018/pdf/YOG2018/GRY/YOG2018_GRY_C73A_GRYW1AA---------------QUAL--------.pdf |archive-date=2018-11-17 |access-date=2022-12-23 |website=buenosaires2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2018 |title=Gymnastics – Multidiscipline Team Event – Detailled Results |url=https://www.buenosaires2018.com/results/resYOG2018/pdf/YOG2018/GYM/YOG2018_GYM_C74T_GYMOTEAM--------------FNL---------.pdf |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=buenosaires2018.com |archive-date=17 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017124011/https://www.buenosaires2018.com/results/resYOG2018/pdf/YOG2018/GYM/YOG2018_GYM_C74T_GYMOTEAM--------------FNL---------.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ta zama babban jami'a ta shiga gasar cin Kofin Duniya a Portimão ta kasance ta 33 a cikin All-Around, ta 30 tare da hoop, ta 33 tare da ball, ta 33 babaen da clubs kuma ta 32 tare da ribbon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gymnastics - World Cup Rhythmic Gymnastics - Portimão 2019 - Results |url=https://www.the-sports.org/gymnastics-world-cup-rhythmic-gymnastics-portimao-results-2019-epr94422.html#413838 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=www.the-sports.org}}</ref> Daga baya aka zaba ta don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a [[Baku]] inda ta yi gasa tare da kungiyoyi da layin, ta ƙare ta 38 a cikin kungiyoyi, ta 146 tare da kungiyoyin kuma ta 148 tare da layin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 World Championships Result Book |url=https://gym.longinestiming.com/File/000012000100FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF04 |website=gym.longinestiming.com |format=PDF}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2020, kafin a yanke kakar saboda annobar COVID-19, ta kasance ta 8 a cikin All-Around, ta 5 tare da hoop, ta 9 tare da ball da clubs, ta 4 tare da ribbon kuma ta lashe azurfa a cikin kungiyoyi a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka a Alkahira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Result Book |url=https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/bs-sagf-prod-285503.appspot.com/o/results%2F5f719a6f5642b8000ef3b3e2%2F1601280853727-15th%20African%20Championships%20Results.pdf?alt=media&token=726c3995-268d-4cb9-821d-940f89264ce5 |website=firebasestorage.googleapis.com |format=PDF |access-date=2024-04-16 |archive-date=2024-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126155956/https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/bs-sagf-prod-285503.appspot.com/o/results%2F5f719a6f5642b8000ef3b3e2%2F1601280853727-15th%20African%20Championships%20Results.pdf?alt=media&token=726c3995-268d-4cb9-821d-940f89264ce5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dewan ta dawo kasa da kasa a 2023, ta fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka a Moka inda ta lashe azurfa a kungiyoyi da tagulla tare da kungiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2023 |title=Team Medalists at the 17th Rhythmic Gymnastics African Championship |agency=African Gymnastics Union |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/Csb5DgdoflD/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2023 |title=Clubs Medalists |agency=African Gymnastics Union |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CseJtVfI-fT/}}</ref> A ƙarshen watan Agusta ta wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a Wasannin Jami'ar Duniya na bazara na 2021 a Chengdu inda ta kammala a matsayi na 24.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pdf.2021chengdu.com/CHENGDU2021/GRY/PDF/CHENGDU2021~2023-07-30~2023-07-30~175321439~DT_PDF~C73A~GRYW1AA---------------FNL---------~~~1~P~.pdf?random=0.043597803401843827 |title=Results |access-date=2024-04-16 |archive-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801164237/https://pdf.2021chengdu.com/CHENGDU2021/GRY/PDF/CHENGDU2021~2023-07-30~2023-07-30~175321439~DT_PDF~C73A~GRYW1AA---------------FNL---------~~~1~P~.pdf?random=0.043597803401843827 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] jkrgr3b820a3jcnrgosds2g4k10vrht 0 78523 839275 809511 2026-05-23T08:43:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bosede Bukola Afolabi''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970) Likitan haihuwa ne na Najeriya, likitan mata, masanin kimiyya, kuma mai binciken lafiyar uwa. Ita farfesa ce kuma tsohuwar shugabar Sashen Obstetrics da Gynaecology a Kwalejin Medicine, [[Asibitin Koyarwa ta Jami'ar Legas|Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas]] . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2015 |title=Bosede Afolabi |url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/bosede-afolabi-172703 |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date= |title=Bosede B Afolabi College of Medicine University of Lagos • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bosede-Afolabi |access-date=December 8, 2021 |website=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2019 |title=Professor Afolabi Delivers 4th Inaugural Lecture |url=https://unilag.edu.ng/?p=4542 |access-date=December 8, 2021 |website=unilag.edu.ng}}</ref> An san Bosede sosai saboda bincikenta game da cutar anaemia ta uwa, cututtukan sickle cell a cikin ciki, da kuma kula da haihuwa mai haɗari a Afirka ta kudu da Sahara.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Afolabi |first=Bosede B |last2=Oladipo |first2=Olajumoke O |last3=Akanmu |first3=Alani S |last4=Abudu |first4=Olalekan O |last5=Sofola |first5=Olusoga A |last6=Broughton Pipkin |first6=Fiona |date=July 1, 2016 |title=Volume regulatory hormones and plasma volume in pregnant women with sickle cell disorder |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1470320316670444 |journal=Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System |language=EN |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=1470320316670444 |doi=10.1177/1470320316670444 |issn=1470-3203 |pmc=5843859 |pmid=27678389}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2024 |title=Advancing Women's Health and Wellbeing through High-Quality Research and Career Progression ~ Prof. Bosede Afolabi, HOD, Obstetrics and Gynaecology & Director, CCTRIS, University of Lagos |url=https://medicalmirror.org/advancing-womens-health-and-wellbeing-through-high-quality-research-and-career-progression-prof-bosede-afolabi-head-of-department-obstetrics-and-gynaecology-director-centre-for-clinical-tria/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=Medical Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Improving Maternal Health In Nigeria, My Driving Force – Prof. Afolabi |url=https://www.devcomsnetwork.org/update/improving-maternal-health-nigeria-my-driving-force-%E2%80%93-prof-afolabi |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=Development Communications Network}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2025 |title=Iron given to pregnant women intravenously is more effective than iron taken orally |url=https://news.ki.se/iron-given-to-pregnant-women-intravenously-is-more-effective-than-iron-taken-orally |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=Karolinska Institutet |language=en |archive-date=June 20, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620074802/https://news.ki.se/iron-given-to-pregnant-women-intravenously-is-more-effective-than-iron-taken-orally |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar kungiyar Lafiya ta Maternal da Reproductive, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke mai da hankali kan bincike, bayar da shawarwari, horo, kuma tana aiki a matsayin Darakta a Cibiyar Gwaje-gwaje, Bincike da Kimiyya ta Aiwatarwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=January 17, 2025 |title=About Us - MRHC |url=https://mrhrcollective.org/about-us/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Bosede a Landan a shekarar 1970. Ta kammala karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Sarauniya, Yaba, a Legas, Najeriya.<ref name=":4" /> A shekara ta 1992, ta sami digiri na likita (MBChB) daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Bio – Bosede Afolabi |url=https://bosedeafolabi.com/bio/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=bosedeafolabi.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5"/> Daga baya ta sami digiri na Doctor of Medicine (DM) a cikin Obstetrics da Gynaecology a Jami'ar Nottingham a Ƙasar Ingila, inda ta sami digiri a shekara ta 2011 tare da rubutun bincike mai taken Plasma volume in normal and sickle cell pregnancy. * Fellow na Royal College of Obstetricians da Gynaecologists (FRCOG) <ref name="ONE2">{{Cite web |date= |title=Bosede Bukola Afolabi, MBCHB, DM (NOTTS), FRCOG, FWACS, FMCOG, DIP, MAS |url=https://www.onescdvoice.com/people/bosede-afolabi-mbchbife-dmnotts-frcog-fwacs-fmcog/ |access-date=December 8, 2021 |website=onescdvoice.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.onescdvoice.com/people/bosede-afolabi-mbchbife-dmnotts-frcog-fwacs-fmcog/ "Bosede Bukola Afolabi, MBCHB, DM (NOTTS), FRCOG, FWACS, FMCOG, DIP, MAS"]. ''onescdvoice.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> * Fellow na Kwalejin Likitocin Yammacin Afirka (FWACS) <ref name="ONE2" /> <ref name=":4"/> * Fellow na Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa ta Najeriya (FMCOG) <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date= |title=My Bibliography {{!}} Bosede Afolabi's Bibliography |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/myncbi/1v3jdrjNcEF/bibliography/40116484/public/?sort=date&direction=ascending |access-date=December 8, 2021 |website=ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ta sami difloma a fannin ilimin likitanci daga Gidauniyar Ci Gaban Ilimin Likita da Bincike na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |last=Historical Nigeria Yoruba |date=3 Dec 2024 |title=Bosede Bukola Afolabi: A Trailblazer in Maternal and Reproductive Health |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122206183010076276&set=a.122134568594076276 |access-date=2025-06-22 |website=[[Facebook]] |language=en}}</ref> da Takardar shaidar Biostatistics da Epidemiology daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard T.Chan a [[Boston]], Amurka.<ref name="ONE2"/><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=13 Jul 2024 |title=Prof. Bosede Afolabi: Brilliant Mind, Healing Hands in Obstetrics |url=https://dawncommission.org/prof-bosede-afolabi-brilliant-mind-healing-hands-in-obstetrics/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=Dawn Commission |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Matsayi na ilimi da na asibiti === Bosede ta fara horo na asibiti a Ƙasar Ingila, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gida a cikin Obstetrics da Gynaecology da kuma Kwararren Mai Rijista a asibitoci kamar Asibitin Middlesex na Tsakiya da Hull Royal Infirmary, North Yorkshire . Ta koma Najeriya a shekarar 1998 kuma ta zama Babban Mai Rijista a Sashen Obstetrics da Gynaecology a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas a shekarar 2000. A shekara ta 2002, ta tashi zuwa matsayin mai ba da shawara ga likitan haihuwa da likitan mata. <ref name=":4"/> T.A wannan shekarar, ta shiga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya, Jami'ar Legas, a matsayin Malami na II kuma ta ci gaba ta hanyar matsayi na ilimi don zama cikakken farfesa a shekarar 2016. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |date=May 29, 2015 |title=Bosede Afolabi |url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/bosede-afolabi-172703 |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":92">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2024 |title=Advancing Women's Health and Wellbeing through High-Quality Research and Career Progression ~ Prof. Bosede Afolabi, HOD, Obstetrics and Gynaecology & Director, CCTRIS, University of Lagos |url=https://medicalmirror.org/advancing-womens-health-and-wellbeing-through-high-quality-research-and-career-progression-prof-bosede-afolabi-head-of-department-obstetrics-and-gynaecology-director-centre-for-clinical-tria/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=Medical Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Obstetrics da Gynaecology a Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Legas daga 2018 zuwa 2021 kuma an sake nada ta a matsayin a watan Agusta 2022.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date= |title=Bosede B Afolabi College of Medicine University of Lagos • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bosede-Afolabi |access-date=December 8, 2021 |website=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name=":9"/>2.<ref name=":1"/> Tsakanin shekarar 2019 da shekara ta 2022, Bosede ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen ilimi, na farko a matsayin mataimakin edita sannan daga baya a matsayin babban edita na Jaridar Kwalejin Likitocin Yammacin Afirka.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5"/> === Jagora === Afolabi tana da matsayi da yawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin: * Darakta, Cibiyar Gwaje-gwaje na Asibiti, Bincike da Kimiyya ta Aiwatarwa.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |last=Ajumobi |first=Kemi |date=February 9, 2024 |title=Bosede Afolabi, Director, Clinical Trials, Research and Implementation Science (CCTRIS) |url=https://businessday.ng/interview/women-in-business/article/bosede-afolabi-director-clinical-trials-research-and-implementation-science-cctris/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> * Wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban, Maternal & Reproductive Health Collective . <ref name=":2"/> * Shugaba, Kungiyar Kwararrun Likitocin Kwalejin Kwalejin, tun watan Yulin 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – AFEMSON |url=https://afemson.org/about-us/ |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=afemson.org |language=en-US}}</ref> * memba na kwamitin, Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti . <ref name=":21">{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2024 |title=Bosede Afolabi |url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/business-day-nigeria/20240209/282205130793017 |access-date=June 20, 2025 |website=Business Day |via=PressReader}}</ref> * Shugaban, Kensington Adebukola Adebutu Foundation Laboratory da Cibiyar Kula da Maternity. <ref name=":21" />   [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta== epgbzgvukdoq4pt1rf0wj7rztreg5ee 0 78563 839071 715036 2026-05-22T17:53:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aston Martin Lagonda Global Holdings PLC''' (/ˈæstən/) ita ce masana'antar [[Burtaniya]] ta motocin wasanni masu tsada da manyan masu yawon bude ido. Lionel Martin da Robert Bamford ne suka kafa wanda ya riga shi a shekarar 1913. David Brown ne ya jagorancta daga shekarar 1947, ya zama mai alatu da manyan motocin yawon shaƙatawa masu tsada a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960, kuma tare da halin almara [[James Bond]] biyo bayan amfani da samfurin DB5 a fim ɗin 1964 Goldfinger . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2021 |title=Bond behind the wheel: a look at 007's relationship with Aston Martin |url=https://tempusmagazine.co.uk/news/bond-behind-the-wheel-a-look-at-007s-relationship-with-aston-martin/ |website=Tempus Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2022 |title=A Thrilling Partnership: Aston Martin's Unique Bond With 007 |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/a-thrilling-partnership-aston-martins-unique-bond-with-007 |website=Sotheby's}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2023 |title=How Aston Martin Became Integral to James Bond's Screen Legacy |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/focus/aston-martin-james-bond-cannes-1235613291/ |website=Variety}}</ref> Ana ɗaukar manyan masu yawon shakatawa da motocin wasanni a matsayin alamar al'adun Burtaniya. Aston Martin ya gudanar da takardar shaidar sarauta a matsayin mai ba da motoci ga Charles III (a matsayin Yarima na Wales kuma daga baya a matsayin Sarki) tun 1982, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeoh |first=Kenny |date=2024-05-15 |title=Aston Martin awarded Royal Warrant by appointment to His Majesty The King |url=https://drivingmotion.com/aston-martin-awarded-royal-warrant-by-appointment-to-his-majesty-the-king/ |website=drivingMotion |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma yana da dillalan mota sama da 160 a cikin ƙasashe 53, yana mai da shi alamar mota ta duniya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=26 May 2019 |title=A guide to understanding Aston Martin's Heritage |url=https://www.dicklovett.co.uk/aston-martin/news/a-guide-to-understanding-aston-martins-heritage |website=Dick Lovett |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aston Martin – Locations |url=https://www.astonmartinlagonda.com/about-us/locations |publisher=astonmartin.com}}</ref> Kamfanin ana siyar da shi a Kasuwancin Kasuwancin London kuma yana cikin ƙungiyar FTSE 250 Index . <ref name="BBC_public">{{Cite web |date=3 October 2018 |title=Aston Martin shares slide on debut |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45729921 |access-date=12 November 2018 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003 ta sami Kyautar Sarauniya don Kasuwanci don gudummawa mai ban mamaki ga cinikin duniya.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=April 2003}}</ref> Kamfanin ya tsira daga fatarar kuɗi bakwai a cikin tarihinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2018 |title=British automaker Aston Martin has survived 7 bankruptcies. Now it wants you to invest in it |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/british-automaker-aston-martin-survived-bankruptcies-now-invest/story?id=58417290 |website=ABC News}}</ref> Hedikwatar da manyan motocin motsa jiki da manyan masu yawon bude ido SUV cikin 55 acres (22 ha) a Gaydon, Warwickshire, Ingila, a tsohon shafin RAF Gaydon, kusa da Cibiyar Jaguar Land Rover Gaydon.[1] Tsohon kayan aikin 3.6 acres (1.5 ha) a Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, shine gidan yanzu na sashen mota na Aston Martin Works, wanda ke mai da hankali kan tallace-tallace na al'adun, sabis, kayan adanawa da ayyukan gyarawa.[2][3] Masana'antar 90 acres (36 ha) a St Athan, Wales, tana da siffofi uku da aka canza 'super-hangars' daga MOD St Athan. [4][5]Aston Martin ya shiga cikin wasan motsa jiki a wurare daban-daban a tarihinsa, galibi a cikin tseren mota, [1] da kuma Formula One. [2] Ana amfani da alamar Aston Martin, galibi ta hanyar lasisi, a kan wasu samfuran da suka hada da jirgin ruwa, ci gaban ƙasa, da jirgin sama.[3][4][5] == Tarihi == === Kafawa === Lionel Martin da Robert Bamford ne suka kafa ''Aston Martin'' a shekarar 1913. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Company History 1913 – 1920 |url=http://www.astonmartin.com/the-company/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225062127/http://www.astonmartin.com/the-company/history |archive-date=25 February 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |publisher=Astonmartin.com}}</ref> Su biyu sun haɗu da karfi a matsayin Bamford & Martin a shekarar da ta gabata don sayar da motocin da Singer ya yi daga gidaje a Callow Street, London inda suka kuma yi amfani da motocin GWK da Calthorpe. Martin ya yi tsere na musamman a Aston Hill kusa da Aston Clinton, kuma biyun sun yanke shawarar yin nasu motoci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Inman-Hunter |first=E.M. |date=May 1944 |title=Notes on the Original Aston-Martin Company |journal=Motor Sport |page=92}}</ref> Martin ne ya kirkiro motar farko da za a kira Aston Martin ta hanyar sanya injin Coventry-Simplex mai cylinder huɗu zuwa chassis na Isotta Fraschini na 1908.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aston Martin: Car Manufacturer: Great British Design Quest |url=http://www.designmuseum.org/design/aston-martin |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701055155/http://designmuseum.org/design/aston-martin |archive-date=1 July 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |publisher=Design Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Aston martin 1914–2005 |url=http://www.speedace.info/aston_martin.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228110146/http://www.speedace.info/aston_martin.htm |archive-date=28 December 2008 |access-date=23 August 2014 |website=speedace.info}}</ref> Sun sami gidaje a Henniker Mews <ref>{{Cite journal |date=Spring 2009 |title=Henniker Mews, SW3 |url=http://www.lurotbrand.co.uk/images/mewsnews/MN%202009%2001%20Spring.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Mews News |publisher=Lurot Brand |page=3 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.lurotbrand.co.uk/images/mewsnews/MN%202009%2001%20Spring.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref> a Kensington kuma sun samar da motar su ta farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 1915. Ba za a iya fara samarwa ba saboda barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]], lokacin da Martin ya shiga Admiralty kuma Bamford ya shiga rundunar soji.<ref>{{London Gazette|date=22 October 1915}}</ref> === 1918-1939: Shekaru tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe === [[Fayil:1923_Aston_Martin_Razor_Blade_team_car_in_Morges_2013_-_AM_logo_and_radiator_calormeter_closeup.jpg|thumb|1923 Motar Razor Blade Team]] [[Fayil:1924_Aston_Martin_sidevalve_tourer_-_fvl_(4668551949).jpg|thumb|Tafiya ta 1924]] [[Fayil:1937_Aston_Martin_Kop_Hill_Climb_2010_5029332450.jpg|thumb|1937 2-Liter bude 2/4-kujeru Speed model, Kop Hill 2010]] Bayan yakin sun sami sabon wuri a Abingdon Road, Kensington kuma sun tsara sabon mota. Bamford ya bar a 1920 kuma Bamford & Martin ya sake farfadowa tare da kudade daga Louis Zborowski. A cikin 1922, Bamford & Martin sun samar da motoci don yin gasa a Grand Prix na Faransa, wanda ya ci gaba da saita rikodin saurin duniya da jimiri a Brooklands. An gina motocin Team guda uku tare da injunan tagwaye 16 don tsere da karya rikodin: lambar chassis 1914, daga baya ta bunkasa a matsayin Green Pea; lambar chassis 1915, motar rikodin Razor Blade; da lambar chassis ta 1916, daga baya ta ci gaba a matsayin Halford Special. Kimanin motoci 55 an gina su don sayarwa a cikin tsari biyu; dogon chassis da gajeren chassis. Bamford & Martin sun fadi a 1924 kuma Dorothea, Lady Charnwood, ta sayi su, wanda ya sanya ɗanta John Benson a cikin jirgi. Bamford & Martin sun sake shiga cikin matsalar kudi a 1925 kuma an tilasta Martin sayar da kamfanin (Bamford ya riga ya bar shi a 1920). Daga baya a wannan shekarar, Bill Renwick, Augustus (Bert) Bertelli da masu saka hannun jari ciki har da Lady Charnwood sun mallaki kasuwancin. Sun sake masa suna Aston Martin Motors kuma sun tura shi zuwa tsohon Whitehead Aircraft Limited Hanworth yana aiki a Feltham. Renwick da Bertelli sun kasance a cikin haɗin gwiwa wasu shekaru kuma sun haɓaka injin sama-cam mai cylinder huɗu ta amfani da ƙirar ɗakin konewa na Renwick, wanda suka gwada a cikin chassis na Enfield-Allday. Motar "Renwick da Bertelli" kawai da aka yi, an san shi da "Buzzbox" kuma har yanzu yana nan.[1] Ma'aurata sun shirya sayar da injin su ga masana'antun motoci, amma bayan sun ji cewa Aston Martin ba ta cikin samarwa sun fahimci cewa za su iya samun riba a kan sunansa don tsalle-fara samar da sabon mota gaba ɗaya.<ref name="bertelli">{{Cite web |title=Pre-war Aston Martin, Birth to 1932 |url=http://www.ecuriebertelli.com/amhto1932.html |access-date=6 December 2018 |publisher=Ecurie Bertelli |archive-date=2 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802192151/http://www.ecuriebertelli.com/amhto1932.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsakanin 1926 da 1937 Bertelli ya kasance darektan fasaha da mai tsara dukkan sabbin Aston Martins, tun lokacin da aka sani da "motocin Bertelli". Sun hada da 11⁄2-litre "T-type", "International", "Le Mans", "MKII" da tseren tserensa, "Ulster", da 2-litre 15/98 da tserensa na tseren, "Speed Model". Yawancin su motocin wasanni ne masu hawa biyu waɗanda ɗan'uwan Bertelli [[commons:Category:Bertelli coachwork|Enrico (Harry)]] ya buɗe, tare da ƙananan masu yawon shakatawa masu hawa huɗu, dropheads da saloons kuma an samar da su.<ref name="bertelli"/> Bertelli ya kasance ƙwararren direba mai son tseren motocinsa, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan masu mallakar / masana'anta / direbobi. Motocin ƙungiyar "LM" sun yi nasara sosai a tseren mota na ƙasa da na duniya ciki har da a Le Mans . <ref name="bertelli"/> Matsalolin kudi sun sake bayyana a cikin 1932. Lance Prideaux Brune ya ceci Aston Martin na shekara guda kafin ya ba da shi ga Sir Arthur Sutherland . A cikin 1936, Aston Martin ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan motocin hanya, yana samar da 700 kawai har sai yakin duniya na biyu ya dakatar da aiki. An sauya samarwa zuwa kayan aikin jirgin sama a lokacin yakin. === 1947-1972: David Brown === [[Fayil:1958-aston-martin-archives.jpg|thumb|1958 Aston Martin DB Mark III]] A cikin 1947, tsohuwar tsohuwar (1860) mai mallakar kayan aiki da kayan aikin Huddersfield mai zaman kansa David Brown Limited ya sayi Aston Martin, ya sanya shi ƙarƙashin ikon Tractor Group. David Brown ya zama sabon mai ceton Aston Martin. Ya kuma sami Lagonda, ba tare da masana'anta ba, don injin da aka tsara na 2.6 lita W. O. Bentley. Lagonda ta koma ayyukan zuwa Newport Pagnell kuma ta raba injuna, albarkatu da bita. Aston Martin ya fara gina jerin motocin "DB".<ref name="cct">{{Cite web |title=70 years of Aston Martin DBs: David Brown and his cars |url=https://classiccartrust.com/news/2017/01/70-years-of-aston-martin-dbs-david-brown-and-his-cars/ |access-date=6 December 2018 |publisher=Classic Car Trust}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1950, sun ba da sanarwar shirya samar da samfurin Le Mans da za a kira DB2, sannan DB2/4 a 1953, DB2/4 MkII a 1955, DB Mark III a 1957 da kuma 3.7 L DB4 mai suna Italiyanci a shekara ta 1958. <ref name="cct"/>&nbsp; Duk da yake waɗannan samfuran sun taimaka wa Aston Martin kafa kyakkyawan tseren tsere, DB4 ya fito kuma ya samar da sanannen DB5 a 1963. Aston ya kasance mai aminci ga babban salon yawon shakatawa tare da DB6 (1965-70), da DBS (1967-1972). <ref name="cct"/> Tadek Marek ne ya tsara injunan cylinder shida na waɗannan motocin daga 1954 har zuwa 1965.<ref>''Classic Cars: The World's Greatest Marques'' {{ISBN|978-0-785-81694-2}} p. 29</ref> === 1972-1975: William Willson === [[Fayil:1986_Aston_Martin_V580_engine_from_the_rear.jpg|thumb|Injin V8 da Tadek Marek ya tsara ya kasance babban tushe na jerin Aston Martin na shekaru da yawa, kuma an gina shi daga 1969 har zuwa 2000.]] Aston Martin sau da yawa yana cikin matsala ta kudi. A shekara ta 1972, David Brown ya biya duk basussukansa, ya ce ya zama fam miliyan 5 ko fiye, kuma ya ba da shi don £ 101 ga Kamfanin Ci gaban Kamfanin, ƙungiyar banki ta saka hannun jari ta [[Birmingham]] wacce mai lissafin kuɗi William Willson ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=9 March 1972 |title=News and Comment: Aston Martin changes hands |journal=Autocar |volume=136 |issue=3960 |page=2}}</ref> Za a iya karanta ƙarin bayani game da wannan lokacin a Tarihin Willson. Rashin tattalin arziki na duniya, rashin Babban birnin aiki da matsalolin haɓaka injin don biyan bukatun fitar da hayaki na California - ya dakatar da tallace-tallace na kamfanin a Amurka - ya sake jan Aston Martin cikin karɓar a ƙarshen 1974. Kamfanin ya dauki ma'aikata 460 lokacin da masana'antar ta rufe.&nbsp; == Dubi kuma == * Gidan Tarihi na Aston Martin * Kungiyar Masu Gidauniyar Aston Martin * Jerin masana'antun mota na Ƙasar Ingila {{Reflist|30em}} tm2kzbz2u4ymlx0ngf8cm85lbc4v1xh 0 79056 839322 450061 2026-05-23T11:46:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''KAMFEDI,''' (wanda aka fi sani da Kamfen don Ilimi na Mata) kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa, mai zaman kanta, wacce aka kafa a 1993 wacce manufarta ita ce kawar da talauci a Afirka ta hanyar, ilimin 'yan mata da kuma karfafawa mata matasa. Shirye-shiryen CAMFED suna aiki a [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] da [[Malawi]]. == Tarihi == Ann Cotton ce ta kafa '''KAMFEDI''' a 1993 don tallafawa 'yan mata su je makaranta wadanda in ba haka ba za a hana su ilimi saboda talauci. Tunanin CAMFED ya fito ne daga bayan tafiyar '''KAMFEDI''' zuwa Zimbabwe inda ta yi imani cewa karancin mata a makaranta saboda talauci ne wanda bai ba su damar rufe kuɗin makaranta ba.<ref name="cotton">{{Cite web |title=Our team – CAMFED - Campaign for Female Education |url=https://camfed.org/about/team/#ann-cotton |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=camfed.org}}</ref> Ya fara ne tare da goyon baya ga 'yan mata 32 don halartar makarantar sakandare a gundumomi biyu na karkara na Zimbabwe. Ya zuwa 2017, Camfed ya tallafa wa yara sama da miliyan 1.5 ta hanyar ilimi a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta makarantu 5,500 a Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia da Zimbabwe.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Annual report 2016 |url=https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2016.pdf |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=Camfed }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023, Camfed ya ba da rahoton taimakawa yara miliyan 6.4 gabaɗaya, gami da 'yan mata miliyan 1.8 a makarantar sakandare. Da yake tsammanin buƙatar damar tattalin arziki na bayan makaranta ga matasa a cikin al'ummomin karkara, an kafa kungiyar '''KAMFEDI''' Alumnae <ref>{{Cite web |title=CAMA: Young women leading change – CAMFED - Campaign for Female Education |url=https://camfed.org/why-girls-education/leaders-of-change/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=camfed.org}}</ref> (CAMA) a cikin 1998 don haɗa matasan mata masu barin makaranta da kuma ba da hanyoyi don damar makarantar sakandare. CAMA tana ba da tsari wanda membobinta za su iya bunkasa gwagwarmayarsu da jagoranci. A shekara ta 2017, CAMA tana da mambobi 84,675 matasan mata, daga cikinsu yanzu malamai, shugabannin kasuwanci, jami'an gwamnati, masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa.<ref name="auto"/> Alamar Camfed ita ce gwagwarmaya da taimakon jama'a na cibiyar sadarwar tsofaffi, waɗanda ke aiki sosai wajen tarawa da gudanar da kudade don tallafawa ƙarni na gaba na yara a makaranta. == Ayyuka == '''KAMFEDI''' tana mai da hankali kan yankunan karkara na [[Afirka]] inda talauci ya yadu, kuma 'yan mata da matasa mata suna fuskantar warewa daga ilimi da kuma damar da ilimi ke ba da ita. CAMFED tana aiki don gi'''KAMFEDI''' da 'yan mata wani yanayi na tallafi wanda za su iya halarta, kuma su yi nasara, a makarantar firamare da sakandare, da ci gaba zuwa matashi tare da damar da ta haɗa da horar da sana'a, ilimi mafi girma da samar da aiki. '''KAMFEDI''' tana ba da taimako ta hanyar biyan kuɗin makaranta, samar da kayan makaranta, littattafai, da kariya ta tsabta. Suna kuma aiki tare da makarantar ta hanyar horar da malamai don zama masu ba da shawara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How we operate - our unique model - CAMFED |url=https://camfed.org/our-impact/camfed-model/}}</ref> === CAMA === CAMA, kungiyar '''KAMFEDIKAMFEDI''', ita ce ƙungiyar tsofaffi don masu karatun CAMFED. <ref>[https://camfed.org/why-girls-education/leaders-of-change/ "CAMA alumnae: Young women leading change"], Camfed.</ref> CAMA tana ba da tsari wanda membobinta za su iya bunkasa gwagwarmayarsu da jagoranci. Ana kiran wannan a matsayin 'CAMA Multiplier Effect', inda waɗannan matasan mata masu digiri yanzu suna jagorantar motsi don ilimin 'yan mata a cikin al'ummominsu. Ikon mambobin CAMA don jagorantar da aiwatar da irin wannan canji na dindindin ya fito ne daga kwarewar rayuwarsu. === Shirin Jagoran Mai Koyi === Shirin Learner Guide an fara shi kuma mata ne ke gudanar da shi a cikin ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta '''KAMFEDI''' CAMA waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa a makarantun gida don isar da tsarin karatun da aka tsara wanda ya haɗa da jagoranci, kiwon lafiya, ilmantarwa da ƙwarewar rayuwa ga ƙwaroransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Learner Guide Program – CAMFED - Campaign for Female Education |url=https://camfed.org/our-impact/learner-guide-program/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=camfed.org}}</ref> Wannan aikin bangare biyu ne wanda a lokaci guda ke magance daidaitattun damar samun ilimi ga yara da kuma lokacin sauya makarantar sakandare ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Can We "Leapfrog" Educational Outcomes? (SSIR) |url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/how_can_we_leapfrog_educational_outcomes |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=ssir.org |language=en-us}}</ref> Da farko, Shirin Jagora na Malami yana ba da shirin horo ga matasan mata don zama Masu Jagora, buɗe damar bayan sakandare, samar da horo na ƙwarewa, da ƙwarewar aiki. Abu na biyu, masu jagorantar masu ba da gudummawa suna ba da shirin da aka tsara wanda ke tallafawa yara da aka ware ta hanyar iliminsu, tare da tsarin karatun makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=How Some Of The Poorest Girls In The World Get Exactly The Education They Need |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2016/05/21/how-some-of-the-poorest-girls-in-the-world-get-exactly-the-education-they-need/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == '''KAMFEDI''' da Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba == Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban, jerin manufofi na duniya da nufin magance [[talauci]], rashin daidaito, [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]] da [[Canjin yanayi]] a duk faɗin duniya, sun fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2016. A matsayin wani ɓangare na 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an tsara waɗannan manufofi don tattara ƙoƙarin duniya don canza duniya cikin shekaru goma sha biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |title=The Sustainable Development Agenda |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |language=en-US}}</ref> '''KAMFEDI''' tana ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga ci gaba tare da SDG4: Ilimi mai inganci. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar'''KAMFEDI'''-shiryen ci gaba masu ɗorewa da haɓaka <ref>{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Priyanka |date=2016-11-22 |title=Ensuring millions of children have the opportunity to learn |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2016/11/22/ensuring-millions-of-children-have-the-opportunity-to-learn/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda CAMFED ta gabatar wajen ilimantar da 'yan mata, da kuma tallafawa mata matasa ta hanyar sauyawa zuwa hanyoyin rayuwa masu aminci, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thorpe |first=Devin |title=How Many Girls Can One Woman Teach? You'd Be Surprised |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/devinthorpe/2014/09/16/how-many-girls-can-one-woman-teach-youd-be-surprised/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> aikin CAMFED yana ba da gudummawa ga cimma yawancin Manufofin Ci gaba mai ɗorewa ciki har da Manufar 1: Talauci, Manufar 3: Lafiya mai kyau, Manufar 5: Daidaitaccen jinsi, Manufar 13: Ayyukan Yanayi, da sauransu. == Takaddun shaida == A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, Kungiyar hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaba (OECD) ta amince da '''KAMFEDI''' don mafi kyawun aiki wajen daukar sabbin abubuwan ci gaba.<ref name="oecd">{{Cite web |last=OECD |title=OECD DAC Prize |url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/dacprize.htm |access-date=2015-01-22 |website=}}</ref> A cikin 2017, an ba da kyautar WISE Award na Shirin Jagora na Malami.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 WISE Awards |url=http://www.wise-qatar.org/wise-awards-2017 |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.wise-qatar.org |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 1 ga Oktoba 2019, '''KAMFEDI''' USA an kiyasta ta Charity Navigator a 96.30 daga cikin 100 gabaɗaya, tare da ƙimar 96.64 daga cikin 100 don kuɗin sa da kuma 96.00 daga cikin 100 saboda gaskiya da lissafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charity Navigator - Rating for Camfed USA Foundation |url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=11479 |access-date=2019-11-28 |website=Charity Navigator}}</ref> == Shahararrun magoya baya == '''KAMFEDI''' ta sami amincewar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Morgan Freeman]], tsohon Shugaban Amurka [[Bill Clinton]], marubuciya [[Doris Lessing]], tsohon Firayim Minista na Ostiraliya da Shugaban Kwamitin GPE Julia Gillard, mawaƙa / marubuciya Joan Armatrading, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙa - marubuciya, kuma mai ba da agaji [[Rihanna]], 'yar kasuwa da mai ba da taimako Martha Lane Fox da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayon, samfurin da mai fafutuka [[Emma Watson]]. Kasuwancin zamantakewa '''KAMFEDI'''="cx-link" data-linkid="138" href="./Ayisha_Fuseini" id="mwfg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ayisha Fuseini">Ayisha Fuseini ya zama mai ba da gudummawa ga shirin CAMFED lokacin da ta gabatar da ita ga kasuwancin [[Man kaɗe|man shanu]]. == Ƙarin karantawa == * '''[https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2016.pdf KAMFEDI]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'''[https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2016.pdf Rahoton Shekara-shekara na 2016]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name="auto"/> * Tsarin dabarun '''KAMFEDI''' 2015-19 <ref>[https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Strategic_Plan_2015-2019.pdf Camfed Strategic Plan 2015-19] Camfed</ref> * Hukumar Ilimi ta 2016, ''The Learning Generation: Zuba jari a ilimi don duniya mai canzawa'' <ref>[http://report.educationcommission.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Learning_Generation_Full_Report.pdf Learning generation] educationcommission.org</ref> * Winthrop, R., Nuwamba 2016, Stanford Social Innovation Review: Ta yaya Za Mu iya "Leapfrog" Sakamakon Ilimi? <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Can We "Leapfrog" Educational Outcomes? (SSIR) |url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/how_can_we_leapfrog_educational_outcomes |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=ssir.org |language=en-us}}</ref> * Winthrop, R., Perlman Robinson, J., Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya a Brookings: Miliyoyin Ilimi: Ƙara Ilimi mai inganci a Kasashe masu tasowa <ref>[https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FINAL-Millions-Learning-Report-1.pdf Millions Learning: Scaling up Quality Education in Developing Countries] brookings.edu</ref> * Shapiro, J., Mayu 2016, Forbes: Ta yaya Wasu daga cikin 'yan mata mafi talauci a duniya suka sami daidai ilimin da suke bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=How Some Of The Poorest Girls In The World Get Exactly The Education They Need |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2016/05/21/how-some-of-the-poorest-girls-in-the-world-get-exactly-the-education-they-need/ |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * Shapiro, J., Oktoba 2015, Forbes: [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2015/10/03/education-is-the-key-to-all-global-development-goals-qa-with-julia-gillard/#3fab14e223fd ''Ilimi shine mabuɗin Dukkanin Manufofin Ci Gaban Duniya (Q&A Tare da Julia Gillard) ''] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=Education Is The Key To All Global Development Goals (Q&A With Julia Gillard) |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2015/10/03/education-is-the-key-to-all-global-development-goals-qa-with-julia-gillard/ |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * Shapiro, J., Fabrairu 2015, Forbes: Don Gyara Makarantu na Amurka, Ka yi la'akari da Ayyukan Camfed a Afirka ta Kudu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=To Fix U.S. Schools, Consider Camfed's Work In Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2015/02/27/to-fix-u-s-schools-consider-camfeds-work-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * Bincike Horizons, Jami'ar Cambridge, Fitowa 32 Fabrairu 2017 "Ilimi shine Duk abin da"[https://www.cam.ac.uk/system/files/issue_32_research_horizons.pdf "Ilimi shine Dukkanin"] * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] CAMFED ''Gudanarwa, Lissafi ga Yarinya. '' ''Yin aiki zuwa ga daidaitattun Gudanarwa a Sashin Ci Gaban Duniya''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Camfed Governance Accounting to the Girl |url=https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Linklaters_Accounting_to_the_Girl.pdf |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=Camfed}}</ref> * An yi amfani da shi a shekara ta 2010. "A Power-Sharing Model for Systemic Change". Rahoton Tasirin Camfed na 2010. * Kristof, N., da S. WuDunn, 2010. ''Rabin Sama: Juya zalunci zuwa Dama ga Mata a Duniya''. Rubuce-rubuce. * Gidan zura kwarin nan, 2012. [http://www.ungei.org/files/What_Works_in_Girls_Education_in_Ghana.pdf "Abin da ke aiki a cikin Ilimi na 'yan mata a Ghana".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816023502/http://www.ungei.org/files/What_Works_in_Girls_Education_in_Ghana.pdf |date=2020-08-16 }} * CAMFED International, 2004. ''Ina da Labari da zan fada: Bikin Shekaru Goma na CAMFED International'',   * Joann Weiner, "Wata mace mai ƙarfi ta Afirka tana rayuwa daidai da kiran Michelle Obama don ba 'yan mata damar zuwa makaranta", The Washington Post, 12 Disamba 2014. * "Mutumin da ya kammala karatu don zama mai ba da shawara kan manufofin ilimi na duniya", Zambia: Newsline, United Nations Girls' Education Initiative. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://camfed.org/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * Yara marasa makaranta: Sabon Bayyanawa na Bayyana ƙalubalen da ke ci gaba, Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙididdiga ta UNESCO. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dnb4yxyxms8p9i5uwfp7a0zcmivlhc2 0 79894 839075 527471 2026-05-22T18:33:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Audrey Sbongile Zuma''' (an haife shi 7 ga watan Nuwamba 1961) ɗan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu ne, wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba a Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu tun daga Mayun shekarar 2019. Ita mamba ce a jam'iyyar African National Congress . == Fage == Zuma ya kammala aji 12 a lokacin da yake makaranta. Ya kasance mamba a kwamitocin zartarwa na yanki na ANC da Ƙungiyar mata . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Audrey Sbongile Zuma |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/391 |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Parliament of South Africa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin majalisa == A babban zaɓen shekarar 2014, an sanya Zuma a matsayi na 31 a jerin 'yan takarar jam'iyyar KwaZulu-Natal na jam'iyyar ANC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African National Congress Regional KwaZulu-Natal Election List 2014 (Election List) |url=https://www.pa.org.za/election/2014/national/kwazulu-natal/anc/ |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Politicsweb}}</ref> Da kyar ta rasa gurbin zama a majalisar dokokin ƙasar yayin da jam’iyyar ANC ta samu kujeru 27 kacal a yankin KwaZulu-Natal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 elections: List of ANC MPs elected to the National Assembly |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/2014-elections-list-of-anc-mps-elected-to-the-nati |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Politicsweb}}</ref> An shigar da ita a jerin sunayen manyan zaɓukan 2019, inda ta mamaye matsayi na 8. <ref>{{Cite web |title=candidates list 2019 elections - African National Congress |url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/sites/default/files/ANC%20Candidate%20List%202019%20ELECTIONS.pdf |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=anc1912.org.za |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328140428/https://www.anc1912.org.za/sites/default/files/ANC%20Candidate%20List%202019%20ELECTIONS.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zaɓe ta a majalisar dokokin ƙasar a zaɓen. Bayan shiga majalisar, ta zama mamba a cikin sabon kafa kwamitin Fayil kan Aiki da Labour. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin memba na wannan kwamiti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portfolio Committee on Employment and Labour |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/committee-details/146 |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Parliament of South Africa |archive-date=18 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018145933/https://www.parliament.gov.za/committee-details/146 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] idxg35sgbjsnza8q7ekwtfw8wsmxp6f 0 80152 839250 453730 2026-05-23T06:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Dyslexia cuta ce, ta karatu inda mutum ke fuskantar matsala tare da karatu. Mutanen da ke fama da dyslexia suna da matakan basira na yau da kullun amma suna iya nuna matsaloli tare da rubutun kalmomi, ƙwarewar karatu, furtawa, kalmomi "sauti", rubuta kalmomi, da [[Fahimtar Karatu|fahimtar karatu]]. Yanayin [[Neurological|jijiyoyin jiki]] da abubuwan da ke haifar da dyslexia yanki ne mai aiki na bincike. Koyaya, wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa bambancin dyslexia a matsayin rikicewar karatu daban sabili da haka nakasa da aka gane batun wasu rikice-rikice ne.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Elliott JG, Gibbs S |year=2008 |title=Does Dyslexia Exist? |journal=Journal of Philosophy of Education |volume=42 |issue=3–4 |pages=475–491 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00653.x}}</ref> == Tarihi ==   Oswald Berkhan ne ya fara gano Dyslexia a 1881, <ref>BERKHAN O. Neur. Zent 28 1917</ref> kuma kalmar 'dyslexia' daga baya ta kirkiro a 1887 ta Rudolf Berlin, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rudolph W |date=January 1973 |title=Rudolf Berlin: Originator of the term dyslexia |journal=Annals of Dyslexia |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=57–63 |doi=10.1007/BF02653841 |s2cid=144650069}}</ref> likitan ido da ke aiki a [[Stuttgart]], Jamus. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Uber Dyslexie |journal=Archiv für Psychiatrie |volume=15 |pages=276–278}}</ref> A cikin karni na ashirin, ana ganin dyslexia da farko a matsayin rashi na sauti (musamman wayar da kan jama'a) wanda ya haifar da rashi na karatu. An ga Dyslexia a matsayin matsala tare da nasarar karatu musamman, wanda ya haifar da rashi a nuna bambanci na sautunan kalmomi da aka rubuta kamar yadda ya saba da rikice-rikice na aikin kwakwalwa. Koyaya, bincike mai yawa daga shekarun 1990 zuwa gaba ya mai da hankali kan yiwuwar tushen halittu na dyslexia da fahimtar dyslexia a matsayin rikicewar aikin kwakwalwa. Ɗaya daga cikin raunin farko na tsananin raunin sauti na dyslexia shine rashin iya lissafin haɗin kwayar halitta na dyslexía. Musamman, an nuna cewa "An lura da manyan gado don iya karatu da dyslexia wanda ke nuna tasirin kwayar halitta. " A cikin babban binciken tagwaye (samfurin tagwaye 1031), Gayan da Olson sun tabbatar da cewa dyslexia yana da gado sosai, yayin da binciken iyali na Pennington (samfuni mutane 1698), ya nuna yawan haɗarin iyali na 35-45%.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gayán J, Olson RK |year=1999 |title=Reading disability: evidence for a genetic etiology |journal=European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry |volume=8 |issue=Suppl 3 |pages=52–55 |doi=10.1007/pl00010695 |pmid=10638371 |s2cid=14514678}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pennington BF, Gilger JW, Pauls D, Smith SA, Smith SD, DeFries JC |date=September 1991 |title=Evidence for major gene transmission of developmental dyslexia |journal=JAMA |volume=266 |issue=11 |pages=1527–1534 |doi=10.1001/jama.1991.03470110073036 |pmid=1880884}}</ref> Ba tare da bayanin halitta don dyslexia ba, wannan gado ba a bayyana shi ba. Ba wai kawai dole ne a bayyana gado ba, har ma da abubuwan muhalli waɗanda ke kare yara masu haɗari daga ci gaban dyslexia. Bincike ya fara mayar da hankali kan yiwuwar abubuwan da ke haifar da halittu da kuma ci gaba da nazarin dyslexia a cikin tsarin ci gaba. Babban rauni na biyu na tsananin ra'ayi na ƙarancin sauti shine ma'anar dyslexia a matsayin rikicewar karatu. Sakamakon haka, ba a iya bayyana alamun sakandare daban-daban ba, gami da raunin sarrafa kansa na ƙwarewa da samun ilimi, raunin ma'auni, raunin ƙwarewar mota / rubuce-rubuce, da ƙarancin sautin tsoka. Sabbin ra'ayoyin dyslexia sun fara zama mayar da hankali ga bincike, tare da mafi kyawun da aka kafa shine ka'idar raunin magnocellular Ka'idar rashi ta atomatik, da ra'ayi na rashi sau biyu.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (April 2018)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ka'idoji == Ka'idojin asalin dyslexia suna da kuma suna tasowa tare da kowane sabon ƙarni na masu binciken dyslexia, kuma ka'idojin dyslexia na baya-bayan nan suna haɓaka ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin tsofaffin ka'idoji yayin da fahimtar yanayin dyslexia ke tasowa. Bai kamata a kalli ra'ayoyin a matsayin masu gasa ba, amma a matsayin ƙoƙarin bayyana ainihin abubuwan da ke haifar da irin wannan alamun daga ra'ayoyi da asali daban-daban.<ref name="theories">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ramus F, Rosen S, Dakin SC, Day BL, Castellote JM, White S, Frith U |date=April 2003 |title=Theories of developmental dyslexia: insights from a multiple case study of dyslexic adults |journal=Brain |volume=126 |issue=Pt 4 |pages=841–865 |doi=10.1093/brain/awg076 |pmid=12615643 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ |date=April 2007 |title=Procedural learning difficulties: reuniting the developmental disorders? |journal=Trends in Neurosciences |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=135–141 |doi=10.1016/j.tins.2007.02.003 |pmid=17328970 |s2cid=23303775}}</ref> Ka'idar ƙwaƙwalwa ta dyslexia ta tabbatar da cewa dalilin dyslexia wani abu ne mai banƙyama a cikin Cerebellum (yanki a bayan kwakwalwa), wanda hakan ke haifar da rushewa a ci gaban al'ada, wanda ke haifar da matsaloli tare da sarrafa motsi, daidaitawa, ƙwaƙwalwar aiki, hankali, sarrafa kansa, kuma a ƙarshe, karatu.  {{Page needed|date=April 2018}}Harold Levinson da Jan Frank ne suka fara gabatar da wannan ka'idar a 1973 kuma Levinson da sauran masu bincike sun ci gaba da bunkasa ta. Angela Fawcett da Rod Nicolson daga baya sun ba da shawarar cewa Cerebellum yana ba da gudummawa ga kula da motsi yayin magana, kuma cewa matsalolin magana na iya ba da guddina ga rashi na sarrafa sauti wanda zai iya haifar da dyslexia. Sun kuma yi la'akari da cewa cerebellum yana ba da gudummawa ga sarrafa kansa na halayen da aka koya, wanda zai iya haɗawa da koyon alaƙar grapheme-phoneme yayin karanta rubutun.<ref name="Stoodley2009">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stoodley CJ, Stein JF |date=January 2011 |title=The cerebellum and dyslexia |journal=Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=101–116 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2009.10.005 |pmid=20060110 |s2cid=22355968}}</ref>{{Rp|84}} A cikin ƙoƙari na bayyana duk alamun da aka sani da karatu da wadanda ba sa karantawa, warkewa da ka'idoji gami da kasancewar kawai cerebellar da alamun neurophysiological masu alaƙa a cikin dyslexics, an yi la'akari da cerebellum don daidaitawa a cikin lokaci da sarari duk sakonni (na gani, na ji, tactile, proprioceptive, motsi) shiga da barin kwakwalwa da kuma alamar haɗin kai. Inganci da tsananin alamomi da yawa da ke nuna kowane dyslexic an yi la'akari da su don dogara da nau'ikan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da sauran masu sarrafa kwakwalwa da ke karɓar sigina saboda rashin aiki na ƙwaƙwalwa. An yi la'akari da magunguna masu amfani don inganta ingantaccen sautin cerebellar (misali, amfani da magungunan cututtukan cututtukani na cerebellar-vestibular) da / ko inganta decambling da sauran damar biyan kuɗi (misali , koyarwa, biofeedback). Yawancin sauran ra'ayoyin suna daidaita matsalar dyslexia tare da rashin fahimtar karatu don haka ƙoƙarin bayyana ƙarshen kawai. Wani tsari na cerebellar ya nuna cewa matsalolin magana na iya taimakawa ga rashi na phonological wanda zai iya haifar da dyslexia. Cerebellum kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga sarrafa kansa na halayen da aka koya, wanda zai iya haɗawa da koyon alaƙar grapheme-phoneme yayin karanta matani.<ref name="Stoodley2009"/><ref name="theories"/> Koyaya, wasu sun ba da shawarar cewa dysfunction na cerebellar kadai bazai zama ainihin dalilin dyslexia ba kuma cewa dysarticulation da rashi na phonological sun bayyana ba su da alaƙa.<ref>{{Cite journal |name-list-style=amp |vauthors=Irannejad S, Savage R |date=April 2012 |title=Is a cerebellar deficit the underlying cause of reading disabilities? |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/hh63sw173 |journal=Annals of Dyslexia |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=22–52 |doi=10.1007/s11881-011-0060-2 |pmid=22160801 |s2cid=25403753 |access-date=2024-06-23 |archive-date=2024-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623200210/https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/hh63sw173 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Stoodley CJ, Stein JF |date=April 2013 |title=Cerebellar function in developmental dyslexia |journal=Cerebellum |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=267–276 |doi=10.1007/s12311-012-0407-1 |pmid=22851215 |s2cid=14509786}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ramus F, Pidgeon E, Frith U |date=July 2003 |title=The relationship between motor control and phonology in dyslexic children |journal=Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=712–722 |citeseerx=10.1.1.19.5400 |doi=10.1111/1469-7610.00157 |pmid=12831115 |s2cid=7171971}}</ref> === Tunanin juyin halitta === Wannan ka'idar ta yi la'akari da cewa karatu wani abu ne wanda ba na halitta ba ne da aka gudanar na ɗan gajeren lokaci a tarihin juyin halitta na ɗan adam. Ya kasance ne kawai a cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata cewa karanta wani nau'i na magana na gani an inganta shi a matsayin babban hanyar sadarwa, kuma daga baya rashin lokaci don halayen karatu don canzawa. A cikin al'ummomi da yawa a duniya yawancin jama'a ba sa amfani da alamar magana ta gani a matsayin hanyar sadarwa kuma ba sa amfani le ƙwarewar karatu, sabili da haka ba su da dyslexia.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Dalby JT |date=September 1986 |title=An ultimate view of reading ability |journal=The International Journal of Neuroscience |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=227–230 |doi=10.3109/00207458608985671 |pmid=3759349}}</ref> Yawancin cututtukan dyslexics na ci gaba suna biyan diyya sosai ga alamun alamun da aka ƙayyade na cerebellar-vestibula a tsawon lokaci kuma yawancin yara ƙanana suna tabbatar da alamun "dyslexic-like" da alamun cerebellar (CV) "marasa girma. " Ta haka ne aka yi la'akari da cewa dyslexia na kwayar halitta na iya wakiltar sake fasalin yanayin da aka riga aka karanta a cikin phylogeny kuma wannan ontogeny ya wuce bayan embryo zuwa ƙuruciya kuma wani lokaci, don haka watakila yana bayyana marigayi har ma da ƙuruciya. Ci gaban karatu da rubuce-rubuce masu alaƙa da aiki, da kuma ma'anar ci gaban ci gaban CV-cerebral na dyslexia, ana tallafawa ta hanyar bincike da ke nuna cewa "cerebellum ya karu tsakanin uku da sau huɗu a cikin [kawai] shekaru miliyan da suka gabata na juyin halitta [tare da daidaitaccen tsinkaye na cerebrum].<ref name="Linas">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Llinás RR |date=January 1975 |title=The cortex of the cerebellum |journal=Scientific American |volume=232 |issue=1 |pages=56–71 |bibcode=1975SciAm.232a..56L |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0175-56 |pmid=1114302}}</ref> === Ka'idar Magnocellular === Ka'idar magnocellular tana ƙoƙari ta haɗa ka'idar cerebellar, ka'idar phonological, ka'idodin sarrafa saurin ji, da ka'idar gani. Ka'idar magnocellular ta ba da shawarar cewa rashin aiki na magnocel cell ba kawai an ƙuntata shi ga Hanyoyi gani ba har ma ya haɗa da yanayin ji da taɓawa.<ref name="theories"/><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ray NJ, Fowler S, Stein JF |date=April 2005 |title=Yellow filters can improve magnocellular function: motion sensitivity, convergence, accommodation, and reading |journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |volume=1039 |pages=283–293 |bibcode=2005NYASA1039..283R |doi=10.1196/annals.1325.027 |pmid=15826982 |s2cid=34403401}}</ref> A tarihi, an gudanar da nazarin bambancin bambancin ra'ayi don ya saba da ka'idar magnocellular, <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Skottun BC |year=2000 |title=The magnocellular deficit theory of dyslexia: the evidence from contrast sensitivity |journal=Vision Research |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=111–127 |doi=10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00170-4 |pmid=10768046 |s2cid=541370 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma tun daga shekara ta 2010, nazarin Abubuwan da aka gani sun goyi bayan shi gaba ɗaya. Shekaru na batutuwa (10-46), bambance-bambance a cikin ƙirar gwaji, ƙananan samfurori (<10 batutuwa masu dyslexic a cikin manyan karatu), da kuma kasancewar, rashin, ko gazawar tantancewa don ADHD na iya bayyana waɗannan binciken da suka sabawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schulte-Körne G, Bruder J |date=November 2010 |title=Clinical neurophysiology of visual and auditory processing in dyslexia: a review |journal=Clinical Neurophysiology |volume=121 |issue=11 |pages=1794–1809 |doi=10.1016/j.clinph.2010.04.028 |pmid=20570212 |s2cid=10788679}}</ref> === Rashin saurin suna da ra'ayoyin rashi sau biyu === Saurin da mutum zai iya shiga cikin saurin kiran abubuwa ko haruffa da aka saba da shi shine mai tsinkaya mai karfi na dyslexia.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Denckla MB, Rudel RG |year=1976 |title=Rapid "automatized" naming (R.A.N): dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities |journal=Neuropsychologia |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=471–479 |doi=10.1016/0028-3932(76)90075-0 |pmid=995240 |s2cid=32709786}}</ref> Ana iya gano saurin suna tun da wuri a makarantar sakandare kuma yana ci gaba a cikin manya tare da dyslexia. Rashin saurin suna ana zaton yana wakiltar rashi wanda ya bambanta da rashi na sarrafa sauti. Wolf [wanda?] ya gano nau'ikan masu karatu guda huɗu: masu karatu ba tare da rashi ba, masu karatu tare da rashin sarrafa sauti, masu karatu da rashi mai saurin suna, da masu karatu tare le rashi sau biyu (, matsaloli tare da sarrafa sauti da saurin suna).   {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2021}}Dalibai da ke da rashi sau biyu suna iya samun wani nau'i na mummunan rauni na karatu. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan rashi yana da mahimman bayanai ga shiga tsakani na koyarwa. Idan dalibai da ke da rashi sau biyu suna karɓar umarni ne kawai a cikin aikin sauti, suna karɓar wani ɓangare na abin da suke buƙata. === Ra'ayi na rashin fahimta da sautin === Ma'anar raunin cire hayaniya (rashin ingantattun bayanai na gani a cikin dyslexia ko sautin gani) wani ra'ayi ne mai tasowa, wanda bincike ya goyi bayan cewa batutuwan da ke da dyslexia suna fuskantar wahalar yin ayyukan gani (kamar gano motsi a gaban abubuwan da ke jan hankali) amma ba sa nuna irin wannan raunin lokacin da aka cire abubuwan da ke damun hankali a cikin yanayin gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sperling AJ, Lu ZL, Manis FR, Seidenberg MS |date=December 2006 |title=Motion-perception deficits and reading impairment: it's the noise, not the motion |journal=Psychological Science |volume=17 |issue=12 |pages=1047–1053 |citeseerx=10.1.1.483.1240 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01825.x |pmid=17201786 |s2cid=13870128}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Roach NW, Hogben JH |date=March 2007 |title=Impaired filtering of behaviourally irrelevant visual information in dyslexia |journal=Brain |volume=130 |issue=Pt 3 |pages=771–785 |citeseerx=10.1.1.588.549 |doi=10.1093/brain/awl353 |pmid=17237361}}</ref> Masu binciken sun kwatanta binciken da suka yi game da ayyukan nuna bambanci na gani zuwa binciken da aka samu a wasu bincike da suka shafi ayyukan nuna bambancin ji. Sun tabbatar da cewa alamun dyslexic sun taso ne saboda rashin ikon tace abubuwan da ke cikin gani da na ji, da kuma rarraba bayanai don rarrabe muhimman bayanan ji daga marasa amfani.<ref name="Sperling2005">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Sperling AJ, Lu ZL, Manis FR, Seidenberg MS |date=July 2005 |title=Deficits in perceptual noise exclusion in developmental dyslexia |journal=Nature Neuroscience |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=862–863 |doi=10.1038/nn1474 |pmid=15924138 |s2cid=10286805}}</ref> === Ka'idar rashi na sauti === Ka'idar Rashin sauti ta ba da shawarar cewa mutanen da ke fama da dyslexia suna da takamaiman raunin sarrafa sauti, wanda ke shafar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar su, tunatarwa, da ƙwarewar haɗin kai yayin sarrafa magana. Ka'idar phonological ta bayyana raunin karatu yayin amfani da tsarin rubuce-rubuce na [[haruffa]] wanda ke buƙatar koyon rubutun rubutu / phoneme, alaƙar da ke tsakanin alamomin harafin hoto da sautunan magana waɗanda suke wakilta.<ref name="theories"/> === Ka'idar sarrafa ji da sauri === Ka'idar sarrafa ji da sauri ita ce madadin ka'idar rashi na sauti, wanda ke ƙayyade cewa rashi na farko yana cikin fahimtar gajeren sauti ko saurin canzawa. Goyon bayan wannan ka'idar ya samo asali ne daga shaidar cewa mutanen da ke fama da dyslexia suna nuna rashin aiki a kan ayyuka da yawa na sauraro, gami da nuna bambanci da kuma hukunci na lokaci.<ref name="theories"/> === Ka'idar gani === ==Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 473sok2lhvi5hzf0oarw8hz1nnl8vi6 0 81339 839258 838385 2026-05-23T06:41:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:BiodegradablePlasticUtensils1.jpg|thumb|Kayan filastik da za a iya lalata suKayan aiki]] [[Fayil:Flower_Wrapping_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|Rufewar furanni da akayi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] [[Fayil:Classification of bioplastics.jpg|thumb|rabe raben kayan roba]] '''Bioplastics''' kayan filastik ne da aka samar daga tushen biomass mai sabuntawa, kamar su kitse na kayan lambu da mai, [[starch]]" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Corn starch">starch na masara, kara, woodchips, sawdust, sharar abinci da aka sake amfani da su, da dai sauransu. Ana samun wasu bioplastics ta hanyar sarrafawa kai tsaye daga Biopolymers na halitta ciki har da polysaccharides (misali, starch, cellulose, chitosan, da Alginate) da sunadarai (misali), yayin da suka samo asali daga [[sukari]] ko kuma shuke-shuke da suka zama sinadarin sukari, sinadarin sinadarin (sugar, sinadarai) (sugar da sinadarin da sinadarai, sinadurin sinadarin) (samar, sinadari, sinadaran (misali) (s. Sabanin haka, filastik na yau da kullun, kamar filastik mai burbushin halittu (wanda ake kira polymers na [[Danyen mai|man fetur]]) an samo su ne daga man fetur ko iskar gas. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin bioplastics shine 'yancin kansu daga man fetur a matsayin albarkatun kasa, wanda shine iyaka kuma ba'a rarraba shi ba'a duniya wanda keda alaƙa da siyasar man fetur da Tasirin muhalli. Nazarin nazarin sake zagayowar rayuwa ya nuna cewa ana iya yin wasu bioplastics tare da ƙananan sawun carbon fiye da takwarorinsu na burbushin halittu, misali lokacin da ake amfani da biomass a matsayin albarkatun kasa da kuma samar da makamashi. Koyaya, wasu hanyoyin bioplastics basu da inganci kuma suna haifar da sawun carbon mafi girma fiye da burbushin filastik. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Rosenboom |first=Jan-Georg |last2=Langer |first2=Robert |last3=Traverso |first3=Giovanni |date=2022-02-20 |title=Bioplastics for a circular economy |journal=Nature Reviews Materials |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=117–137 |bibcode=2022NatRM...7..117R |doi=10.1038/s41578-021-00407-8 |issn=2058-8437 |pmc=8771173 |pmid=35075395}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=S. |last2=Rothman |first2=R. |date=2020-07-10 |title=Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: A review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652620312051 |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |language=en |volume=261 |page=121158 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121158 |issn=0959-6526 |s2cid=216414551 |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pellis |first=Alessandro |last2=Malinconico |first2=Mario |last3=Guarneri |first3=Alice |last4=Gardossi |first4=Lucia |date=2021-01-25 |title=Renewable polymers and plastics: Performance beyond the green |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678420301813 |journal=New Biotechnology |language=en |volume=60 |pages=146–158 |doi=10.1016/j.nbt.2020.10.003 |issn=1871-6784 |pmid=33068793 |s2cid=224321496}}</ref> Bambanci tsakanin filastik daba na ''burbushin halittu'' ba (bio) da filastik na burbushi yana da iyakacin dacewa tunda kayan kamar man fetur kansu kawai burbushin burbushin halitta ne. Saboda haka, ko kowane irin filastik yana da lalacewa ko wanda ba zai iya lalacewa ba (mai dorewa) ya dogara da tsarin kwayoyinsa, ba'a kan ko biomass dake samar da albarkatun kasa ya zama burbushin ba. Dukkanin bioplastics masu ɗorewa, kamar su Bio-PET ko [[polyethylene]]" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Biopolyethylene">biopolyethylene (masu kama da polyethylene terephthalate da polyethylene na burbushin halittu), da bioplastics mai lalacewa, kamar Polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, ko polyhydroxyalkanoates, sun wanzu. Bioplastics dole ne a sake amfani dasu kamar filastik na burbushin halittu don kauce wa gurɓata filastik; "sauka-in" bioplastics (kamar biopolyethylene) ya dace da kogunan sake amfani da yanzu. A gefe guda, sake amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin kogunan sake amfani na yanzu yana haifar da ƙarin ƙalubale, saboda yana iya haɓaka farashin rarrabawa da rage amfanin gona da ingancin sake amfani. Koyaya, biodegradation ba shine kawai hanyar da aka yarda da ita ba don maganin halittu mai lalacewa, kuma sake amfani da inji da sinadarai galibi shine zaɓi da aka fi so daga ra'ayin muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fredi |first=Giulia |last2=Dorigato |first2=Andrea |date=2021-07-01 |title=Recycling of bioplastic waste: A review |journal=Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=159–177 |doi=10.1016/j.aiepr.2021.06.006 |s2cid=237852939 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Biodegradability na iya bada hanyar ƙarshen rayuwa a wasu aikace-aikace, kamar su mulch na noma, amma manufar biodegradation ba ta da sauƙi kamar yadda mutane da yawa suka yi imani. Samun yiwuwar biodegradation ya dogara sosai da tsarin kashin sinadarai na polymer, kuma bioplastics daban-daban suna da tsari daban-daban, don haka ba za'a iya ɗauka cewa bioplastic a cikin muhalli zai rushe cikin sauƙi ba. Hakanan, ana iya haɗa filastik masu narkewa daga man fetur.<ref name=":5"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bioplastics (PLA) - World Centric |url=http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309234733/http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics |archive-date=2019-03-09 |access-date=2018-07-15 |website=worldcentric.org}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2018, bioplastics ya wakilci kusan 2% na fitar da filastik na duniya (> tan miliyan 380). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chinthapalli |first=Raj |last2=Skoczinski |first2=Pia |last3=Carus |first3=Michael |last4=Baltus |first4=Wolfgang |last5=de Guzman |first5=Doris |last6=Käb |first6=Harald |last7=Raschka |first7=Achim |last8=Ravenstijn |first8=Jan |date=2019-08-01 |title=Biobased Building Blocks and Polymers—Global Capacities, Production and Trends, 2018–2023 |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch |journal=Industrial Biotechnology |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=237–241 |doi=10.1089/ind.2019.29179.rch |issn=1550-9087 |s2cid=202017074}}</ref> Tare da cigaba da bincike kan bioplastics, saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanonin bioplastic da haɓaka bincike kan filastik na burbushin burbushin halittu, bioplastics suna zama mafi rinjaye a wasu kasuwanni, yayin da fitar da filastik burbushin kuma ke ƙaruwa a hankali. == Ma'anar IUPAC == Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Pure da Applied Chemistry ta bayyana polymer mai laushi kamar haka: {{Reflist|2}} == Aikace-aikacen da aka gabatar == [[Fayil:Bio-K_Abfallbeutel_Kompostbeutel_CG.jpg|thumb|Kayayyakin akwatin da akayi daga bioplastics da sauran filastik masu lalacewa]] Akwai aikace-aikacen kasuwanci kaɗan don bioplastics. Farashi da aiki sun kasance matsala. Misali na Italiya ne, inda jakunkunan filastik masu lalacewa suka zama tilas ga masu siye tun daga 2011 tare da gabatar da takamaiman doka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consiglio dei Ministri conferma la messa al bando dei sacchetti di plastica non biodegradabili - Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare |url=http://www.minambiente.it/comunicati/consiglio-dei-ministri-conferma-la-messa-al-bando-dei-sacchetti-di-plastica-non |website=minambiente.it}}</ref> Baya ga kayan tsari, ana haɓaka bioplastics na lantarki wanda ke alkawarin ɗaukar wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suszkiw |first=Jan |date=December 2005 |title=Electroactive Bioplastics Flex Their Industrial Muscle |url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/dec05/plastic1205.htm |access-date=2011-11-28 |website=News & Events |publisher=[[USDA]] Agricultural Research Service}}</ref> Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta don abubuwan da za'a iya zubar dasu, kamar marufi, kayan kwalliya, tukwane, kwano, da kara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=G. |last2=Patel |first2=M. |year=2012 |title=Plastics derived from biological sources: Present and future: P technical and environmental review |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=112 |issue=4 |pages=2082–2099 |doi=10.1021/cr200162d |pmid=22188473}}</ref> Biopolymers suna samuwa a matsayin murfin takarda maimakon murfin man fetur na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khwaldia |first=Khaoula |last2=Elmira Arab-Tehrany |last3=Stephane Desobry |year=2010 |title=Biopolymer Coatings on Paper Packaging Materials |journal=Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=82–91 |doi=10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00095.x |pmid=33467805 |doi-access=}}</ref> Bioplastics da ake kira drop-in bioplastics suna da sunadarai iri ɗaya da takwarorinsu na burbushin halittu amma anyi sune daga albarkatun sabuntawa. Misalan sun hada da [[bio-PE]], [[bio-PET]], [[Propylene|bio-propylene]], [[bio-PP]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals |url=https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-02 |access-date=2020-10-30}}</ref> da kuma biobased nylons. <ref>[https://www.wur.nl/nl/Onderzoek-Resultaten/Onderzoeksinstituten/food-biobased-research/Oplossingen/Duurzame-bioplastics-op-basis-van-hernieuwbare-grondstoffen.htm Duurzame bioplastics op basis van hernieuwbare grondstoffen]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bioplastics.guide/ref/bioplastics/what-are-bioplastics/ |title=What are bioplastics? |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2022-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605220227/http://www.bioplastics.guide/ref/bioplastics/what-are-bioplastics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Drop in bioplastics2">[https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/08/28/drop-ins-bioplastics/ Drop in bioplastics]</ref> Ana iya amfani da kayan aikin bioplastics da ke cikin fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bio-based drop-in, smart drop-in and dedicated chemicals |url=https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102122527/https://www.roadtobio.eu/uploads/news/2017_October/RoadToBio_Drop-in_paper.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-02 |access-date=2020-10-30}}</ref> Hanyar da aka keɓe ta hanyar rayuwa tana ba da damar samar da samfuran da baza'a iya samun su bata hanyar halayen sunadarai na gargajiya kuma suna iya ƙirƙirar samfuran dake da halaye na musamman da mafi girma, idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da suka dace da burbushin halittu.<ref name="Drop in bioplastics2" /> == Nau'o'in == === Polysaccharide-based bioplastics === ==== Gilashin da aka samo asali ==== [[Fayil:Stärke-Packstoff_Pömpel_CG.jpg|thumb|Ruwan kwalliya da akayi daga bioplastics (thermoplastic starch) ]] Thermoplastic starch yana wakiltar mafi yawan amfani da bioplastic, wanda ya zama kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 na kasuwar bioplastics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Types of Bioplastic {{!}} InnovativeIndustry.net |url=http://www.innovativeindustry.net/types-of-bioplastic |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409192929/http://www.innovativeindustry.net/types-of-bioplastic |url-status=dead }}</ref> Za'a iya yin fim din bioplastic mai sauƙi a gida ta hanyar gelatinizing starch da kuma Maganin gyare-gyare.<ref>[http://www.instructables.com/id/Make-Potato-Plastic!/ Make Potato Plastic!]. Instructables.com (2007-07-26). Retrieved 2011-08-14.</ref> Tsarkake starch yana iya shan [[danshi]], kuma saboda haka kayan da suka dace don samar da magungunan magunguna ta bangaren magunguna. Koyaya, tsattsarkan kwayoyin halitta masu tsabta suna da rauni. Plasticizer irin su glycerol, glycol, da sorbitol kuma ana iya ƙara su don a iya sarrafa starch ta hanyar thermo-plastically.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Hongsheng |last2=Xie |first2=Fengwei |last3=Yu |first3=Long |last4=Chen |first4=Ling |last5=Li |first5=Lin |date=2009-12-01 |title=Thermal processing of starch-based polymers |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670009000653 |journal=Progress in Polymer Science |language=en |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1348–1368 |doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.07.001 |issn=0079-6700}}</ref> Ana iya daidaita halaye na sakamakon bioplastic (wanda ake kira "thermoplastic starch") don takamaiman buƙatu ta hanyar daidaita adadin waɗannan abubuwan. Ana iya amfani da dabarun sarrafa polymer na al'ada don aiwatar da starch a cikin bioplastic, kamar extrusion, injection molding, matsa lamba molding da kuma warwarewa simintin.<ref name=":1" /> Abubuwan dake tattare da starch bioplastic suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar amylose / amylopectin ratio. Gabaɗaya, starch mai ƙarfi yana haifar da kyawawan halaye na inji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Ming |last2=Liu |first2=Peng |last3=Zou |first3=Wei |last4=Yu |first4=Long |last5=Xie |first5=Fengwei |last6=Pu |first6=Huayin |last7=Liu |first7=Hongshen |last8=Chen |first8=Ling |date=2011-09-01 |title=Extrusion processing and characterization of edible starch films with different amylose contents |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0260877411002196 |journal=Journal of Food Engineering |language=en |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=95–101 |doi=10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.04.021 |issn=0260-8774}}</ref> Koyaya, starch mai girma yana da ƙarancin sarrafawa saboda yawan zafin jiki na gelatinization da ƙaranci mai narkewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Hongsheng |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Xie |first3=Fengwei |last4=Chen |first4=Ling |date=2006-08-15 |title=Gelatinization of cornstarch with different amylose/amylopectin content |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861706000506 |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |language=en |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=357–363 |doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.01.026 |issn=0144-8617 |s2cid=85239192}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xie |first=Fengwei |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Su |first3=Bing |last4=Liu |first4=Peng |last5=Wang |first5=Jun |last6=Liu |first6=Hongshen |last7=Chen |first7=Ling |date=2009-05-01 |title=Rheological properties of starches with different amylose/amylopectin ratios |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0733521009000083 |journal=Journal of Cereal Science |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=371–377 |doi=10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.002 |issn=0733-5210}}</ref> Sau dayawa ana haɗa kwayoyin halitta na Starch tare da polyesters masu lalacewa don samar da starch / polylactic acid, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khalid |first=Saud |last2=Yu |first2=Long |last3=Meng |first3=Linghan |last4=Liu |first4=Hongsheng |last5=Ali |first5=Amjad |last6=Chen |first6=Ling |year=2017 |title=Poly(lactic acid)/starch composites: Effect of microstructure and morphology of starch granules on performance |journal=Journal of Applied Polymer Science |volume=134 |issue=46 |page=45504 |doi=10.1002/app.45504}}</ref> starch / polykrolactone <ref>{{Cite web |title=Starch based Bioplastic Manufacturers and Suppliers |url=http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814061041/http://bioplasticsonline.net/2010/06/starch-based-bioplastic-manufacturers-and-suppliers/ |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |website=bioplasticsonline.net}}</ref> ko starch / Ecoflex <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherman |first=Lilli Manolis |date=1 July 2008 |title=Enhancing biopolymers: additives are needed for toughness, heat resistance & processability. |url=https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417023038/https://www.ptonline.com/articles/enhancing-biopolymers-additives-are-needed-for-toughness-heat-resistance-processability |archive-date=17 April 2016 |website=Plastics Technology}}</ref> (polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate wanda BASF <ref>{{Cite web |title=BASF announces major bioplastics production expansion |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122532/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2008/04/22/basf-announces-major-bioplastics-production-expansion/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> ya samar). Ana amfani da waɗannan cakuda don aikace-aikacen masana'antu kuma ana iya yin compostable. Sauran masu samarwa, kamar Roquette, sun haɓaka wasu cakuda starch / polyolefin. Wadannan cakuda ba su da biodegradable, amma suna da ƙananan sawun carbon fiye da filastik na man fetur da akayi amfani da su don aikace-aikace iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roquette, nouvel acteur sur le marché des plastiques, lance GAÏALENE®: une gamme innovante de plastique végétal |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122551/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2010/10/16/roquette-nouvel-acteur-sur-le-marche-des-plastiques-lance-gaialene%C2%AE-une-gamme-innovante-de-plastique-vegetal/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> Starch yana da arha, mai yawa, kuma mai sabuntawa. Fim din da aka samo asali (wanda akafi amfani dashi don dalilai na marufi) galibi ana yin su ne daga starch da aka gauraya da polyesters na thermoplastic don samar da kayayyakin biodegradable da compostable. Ana ganin waɗannan fina-finai musamman a cikin kayan masarufi na mujallu da fina-ffinai. A cikin Kunshin abinci, ana ganin waɗannan fina-finai a matsayin burodi ko jakar 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu. Ana amfani da jaka masu hadawa tare da wannan fina-finai a cikin zaɓaɓɓen tattara sharar gida. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da fina-finai na starch a matsayin takarda.<ref name="StarchPlasticsPaperUsda">{{Cite web |last=Avant |first=Sandra |date=April 2017 |title=Better Paper, Plastics With Starch |url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214152835/https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2017/apr/starch/ |archive-date=2018-12-14 |access-date=2018-12-14 |publisher=USDA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cate |first=Peter |date=January 2017 |title=Collaboration delivers better results |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=51–54 |doi=10.1016/j.repl.2016.09.002 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref> An yi nazarin nanocomposites na Starch-based a ko'ina, suna nuna ingantaccen kayan aikin inji, kwanciyar hankali na zafi, juriya na danshi, da kuma kayan shingen gas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Xie |first=Fengwei |last2=Pollet |first2=Eric |last3=Halley |first3=Peter J. |last4=Avérous |first4=Luc |date=2013-10-01 |title=Starch-based nano-biocomposites |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079670013000439 |journal=Progress in Polymer Science |series=Progress in Bionanocomposites: from green plastics to biomedical applications |language=en |volume=38 |issue=10 |pages=1590–1628 |doi=10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.002 |issn=0079-6700}}</ref> ==== Gilashin dake dauke da cellulose ==== [[Fayil:Bio-K_Blister_CG.jpg|thumb|Blisin kunshe-kunshe da akayi da cellulose acetate, bioplastic]] Cellulose bioplastics galibi sune cellulose esters (ciki har da cellulose acetate da nitrocellulose) da abubuwan da suka samo asali, gami da celluloid. Cellulose na iya zama thermoplastic lokacin da aka canza shi sosai. Misali na wannan shine cellulose acetate, wanda yake da tsada sabili da haka ba'a amfani dashi don marufi. Koyaya, fiber na cellulosic da aka kara zuwa starches na iya inganta kaddarorin inji, permeability ga gas, da juriya na ruwa saboda kasancewa ƙasa da hydrophilic fiye da starch. Wata kungiya a Jami'ar Shanghai ta sami damar gina sabon filastik mai kore wanda ya dogara da cellulose ta hanyar hanyar da ake kira matsin zafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=Na |last2=Hou |first2=Xingshuang |last3=Chen |first3=Li |last4=Cui |first4=Siqi |last5=Shi |first5=Liyi |last6=Ding |first6=Peng |date=2017-05-16 |title=A Green Plastic Constructed from Cellulose and Functionalized Graphene with High Thermal Conductivity |journal=ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces |volume=9 |issue=21 |pages=17914–17922 |doi=10.1021/acsami.7b02675 |issn=1944-8244 |pmid=28467836}}</ref> === Gilashin dake da tushen furotin === [[Fayil:Edible_packaging_film.jpg|thumb|Cigaban fim din casein mai cin abinci a USDA <ref>{{Cite journal |last=OBrien |date=February 2018 |title=That's a Wrap: Edible Food Wraps from ARS |url=https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2018/feb/wraps/#printdiv |journal=USDA Agricultural Research |page=22 |access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>]] Bioplastics za'a iyayin su daga sunadarai daga tushe daban-daban. Misali, gluten na alkama da casein suna nuna kyawawan halaye a matsayin albarkatun kasa don polymers daban-daban masu lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=J. H. |last2=Murphy |first2=R. J. |last3=Narayan |first3=R. |last4=Davies |first4=G. B. H. |date=2009-07-27 |title=Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=364 |issue=1526 |pages=2127–2139 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0289 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=2873018 |pmid=19528060}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar furotin soya a matsayin wani tushen bioplastic. Anyi amfani da sunadarai na soya a cikin samar da filastik sama da shekaru ɗari. Misali, bangarorin jiki na motar Ford ta asali anyi su ne da filastik na soya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ralston |first=Brian E. |last2=Osswald |first2=Tim A. |date=February 2008 |title=The History of Tomorrow's Materials: Protein-Based Biopolymers |journal=Plastics Engineering |volume=64 |issue=2 |pages=36–40 |doi=10.1002/j.1941-9635.2008.tb00292.x |issn=0091-9578}}</ref> Akwai matsaloli tare da amfani da filastik na soya mai gina jiki saboda ƙarancin ruwa da tsada mai yawa. Sabili da haka, samar da cakuda furotin soya tare da wasu polyesters masu lalacewa da suka riga sun kasance yana inganta ƙwarewar ruwa da tsada.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Jinwen |last2=Jiang |first2=Long |last3=Zhu |first3=Linyong |last4=Jane |first4=Jay-lin |last5=Mungara |first5=Perminus |date=May 2006 |title=Morphology and Properties of Soy Protein and Polylactide Blends |url=http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/fshn_ag_pubs/108 |journal=Biomacromolecules |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=1551–1561 |doi=10.1021/bm050888p |issn=1525-7797 |pmid=16677038}}</ref> === Wasu polyesters na aliphatic === Aliphatic biopolyesters galibi polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) ne kamar poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydrexyvalerate (PHV) da polyhydроxyhexanoate (PHH). ==== Polylactic acid (PLA) ==== [[Fayil:Mulch_Film_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|left|thumb|Fim din Mulch da aka yi da Polylactic acid (PLA) -blend bio-flex]] Polylactic acid (PLA) filastik ne mai haske wanda aka samar daga [[masara]] <ref name="smithsonianmag.com">{{Cite web |title=History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/plastic.html |website=smithsonianmag.com}}</ref> ko dextrose . A saman, yana kama da filastik na al'ada na petrochemical kamar PS. An samo shine daga tsire-tsire, kuma yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antu. Abin takaici, yana nuna ƙarfin tasirin ƙasa, ƙarfin zafi, da kuma abubuwan shingen (toshe jigilar iska a fadin membrane) idan aka kwatanta da filastik marasa lalacewa. Haɗuwa da PLA yawanci suna zuwa a cikin nau'ikan granulates. Ana amfani da PLA a kan iyakantaccen sikelin don samar da fina-finai, fiber, kwantena na filastik, kofuna, da kwalabe. PLA kuma shine mafi yawan nau'in filastik da akayi amfani dashi don yin samfurin igiya a cikin na'urorin bugawa na 3D. ==== Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate ==== biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) polyester ne wanda wasu kwayoyin cuta ke samar da glucose, starch na masara <ref name="bioplastic-innovation.com">{{Cite web |title=Mirel: PHAs grades for Rigid Sheet and Thermoforming |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/06/08/mirel-phas-grades-for-rigid-sheet-and-thermoforming/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331122556/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/06/08/mirel-phas-grades-for-rigid-sheet-and-thermoforming/ |archive-date=2012-03-31 |access-date=2011-08-31}}</ref> ko ruwa mai guba. <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Micromidas is using carefully constructed populations of bacteria to convert organic waste into bio-degradable plastics. |url=http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/07/29/micromidas-is-using-carefully-constructed-populations-of-bacteria-to-convert-organic-waste-into-bio-degradable-plastics/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023230713/http://bioplastic-innovation.com/2011/07/29/micromidas-is-using-carefully-constructed-populations-of-bacteria-to-convert-organic-waste-into-bio-degradable-plastics/ |archive-date=October 23, 2011}}</ref> Halayensa suna kama da na polypropylene (PP). Fitar da PHB yana ƙaruwa. Masana'antar [[sukari]] ta [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]], alal misali, ta yanke shawarar fadada samar da PHB zuwa sikelin masana'antu. PHB ya bambanta da farko ta hanyar halaye na jiki. Ana iya sarrafa shi a cikin fim mai haske tare da narkewa sama da digiri 130 na Celsius, kuma yana iya lalacewa batare da raguwa ba. === Polyhydroxyalkanoates === Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) sune polyesters na layi wanda aka samar a cikin yanayi ta hanyar fermentation na [[sukari]] ko lipids. Kwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da su don adana carbon da makamashi. A cikin samar da masana'antu, ana cire polyester kuma an tsarkake shi daga ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar inganta yanayin fermentation na sukari. Fiye da 150 daban-daban monomers za'a iya haɗawa a cikin wannan iyali don ba da kayan dake da kyawawan halaye daban-daban. PHA yafi ductile kuma bashi da ƙarfi fiye da sauran filastik, kuma yana da biodegradable. Ana amfani da waɗannan filastik a masana'antar kiwon lafiya. === Kashewa 11 === PA 11 wani abu ne wanda aka samo daga man fetur. An kuma san shi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci Rilsan B, wanda Arkema ke kasuwanci. PA 11 na cikin dangin polymers na fasaha kuma ba biodegradable ba ne. Abubuwan dake ciki suna kama da na PA 12, kodayake ana rage hayaki na iskar gas da amfani da albarkatun da baza'a iya sabuntawa ba yayin samar da shi. Har ila yau, juriya ta zafi ta fi ta PA 12. Ana amfani dashi a cikin aikace-aikace masu inganci kamar layin man fetur na mota, bututun iska na pneumatic, bututun kebul na lantarki, bututun mai da gas mai sassauƙa, bututun ruwa na sarrafawa, takalma na wasanni, kayan aikin lantarki, da catheters. Irin wannan filastik shine Polyamide 410 (PA 410), wanda aka samo kashi 70% daga man castor, a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci EcoPaXX, wanda DSM ke kasuwanci.<ref name="EcoPaXX">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.dsm.com/en_US/cworld/public/media/pages/press-releases/19_10_dsm_launches_bio_based_performance_materials_for_automotive_industry.jsp |website=dsm.com |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2012-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121074454/http://www.dsm.com/en_US/cworld/public/media/pages/press-releases/19_10_dsm_launches_bio_based_performance_materials_for_automotive_industry.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref>PA 410 babban polyamide ne wanda ya haɗu da fa'idodin babban narkewa (kimanin 250 °C), ƙarancin danshi da kyakkyawan juriya ga abubuwa masu sinadarai daban-daban.&nbsp; === Polyethylene da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta === {{Plastics}}Tsarin gini na asali (monomer) na [[polyethylene]] shine ethylene . Ethylene yana da kama da, kuma ana iya samo shi daga ethanol, wanda za'a iya samar dashi ta hanyar fermentation na kayan aikin gona kamar sukari ko masara. Polyethylene da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta yana da kama da polyethylene na gargajiya - ba ya lalacewa amma ana iya sake amfani dashi. &nbsp;Kungiyar sunadarai ta Brazil tayi iƙirarin cewa ta amfani da hanyar samar da polyethylene daga sukari ethanol kamawa (yana cirewa daga muhalli) tan 2.15 na CO a kowace tan na Green Polyethylene da aka samar === Abinci da aka canza ta hanyar kwayar halitta === Tare da masara na GM kasancewa abinci na yau da kullun, ba abin mamaki bane cewa anyi wasu kwayoyin halitta daga wannan. A karkashin fasahar masana'antar bioplastics akwai samfurin "masana'antar shuka", wanda ke amfani da amfanin gona da aka canza kwayoyin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta don inganta inganci. === Polyhydroxyurethanes === Rashin polyamines da cyclic carbonates suna samar da polyhydroxyurethanes . <ref name="From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes">{{Cite journal |last=Nohra |first=Bassam |last2=Laure Candy |last3=Jean-Francois Blanco |last4=Celine Guerin |last5=Yann Raoul |last6=Zephirin Mouloungui |year=2013 |title=From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes |url=https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |journal=Macromolecules |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=3771–3792 |bibcode=2013MaMol..46.3771N |doi=10.1021/ma400197c |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2020-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918232716/https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ba kamar polyurethanes da aka haɗa da giciye ba, polyhydroxyurethanes dake da alaƙa da giciye suna da ka'ida mai sauƙi ga sake amfani da sake sarrafawa ta hanyar halayen transcarbamoylation.<ref name="Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers">{{Cite journal |last=Fortman |first=David J. |last2=Jacob P. Brutman |last3=[[Christopher J. Cramer]] |last4=Marc A. Hillmyer |last5=William R. Dichtel |year=2015 |title=Mechanically Activated, Catalyst-Free Polyhydroxyurethane Vitrimers |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=137 |issue=44 |pages=14019–14022 |doi=10.1021/jacs.5b08084 |pmid=26495769 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Polymers da aka samo daga lipid === An kirkiro nau'ikan bioplastic dayawa daga kitse da mai da aka samo daga shuka da dabba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meier |first=Michael A. R. |last2=Metzger |first2=Jürgen O. |last3=Schubert |first3=Ulrich S. |date=2007-10-02 |title=Plant oil renewable resources as green alternatives in polymer science |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |volume=36 |issue=11 |pages=1788–802 |doi=10.1039/b703294c |issn=1460-4744 |pmid=18213986}}</ref> Polyurethanes, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Floros |first=Michael |last2=Hojabri |first2=Leila |last3=Abraham |first3=Eldho |last4=Jose |first4=Jesmy |last5=Thomas |first5=Sabu |last6=Pothan |first6=Laly |last7=Leao |first7=Alcides Lopes |last8=Narine |first8=Suresh |year=2012 |title=Enhancement of thermal stability, strength and extensibility of lipid-based polyurethanes with cellulose-based nanofibers |journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability |volume=97 |issue=10 |pages=1970–1978 |doi=10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.02.016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pillai |first=Prasanth K. S. |last2=Floros |first2=Michael C. |last3=Narine |first3=Suresh S. |date=2017-07-03 |title=Elastomers from Renewable Metathesized Palm Oil Polyols |journal=ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering |volume=5 |issue=7 |pages=5793–5799 |doi=10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00517}}</ref> polyesters, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Can |first=E. |last2=Küsefoğlu |first2=S. |last3=Wool |first3=R. P. |date=2001-07-05 |title=Rigid, thermosetting liquid molding resins from renewable resources. I. Synthesis and polymerization of soy oil monoglyceride maleates |journal=Journal of Applied Polymer Science |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=69–77 |doi=10.1002/app.1414 |issn=1097-4628}}</ref> epoxy resins <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stemmelen |first=M. |last2=Pessel |first2=F. |last3=Lapinte |first3=V. |last4=Caillol |first4=S. |last5=Habas |first5=J.-P. |last6=Robin |first6=J.-J. |date=2011-06-01 |title=A fully biobased epoxy resin from vegetable oils: From the synthesis of the precursors by thiol-ene reaction to the study of the final material |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00587993/file/JPOLSCI.pdf |journal=Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry |volume=49 |issue=11 |pages=2434–2444 |bibcode=2011JPoSA..49.2434S |doi=10.1002/pola.24674 |issn=1099-0518 |s2cid=78089334}}</ref> da wasu nau'ikan polymers an haɓaka su tare da kwatankwacin kaddarorin kayan mai. Cigaban da aka samu kwanan nan na olefin metathesis ya buɗe nau'ikan abinci iri-iri zuwa sauya tattalin arziki zuwa biomonomers da polymers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meier |first=Michael A. R. |date=2009-07-21 |title=Metathesis with Oleochemicals: New Approaches for the Utilization of Plant Oils as Renewable Resources in Polymer Science |journal=Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics |volume=210 |issue=13–14 |pages=1073–1079 |doi=10.1002/macp.200900168 |issn=1521-3935 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tare da karuwar samar da man kayan lambu na gargajiya da kuma man fetur da aka samo daga microalgae mai arha, akwai babbar damar ci gaba a wannan yanki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mata |first=Teresa M. |last2=Martins |first2=António A. |last3=Caetano |first3=Nidia. S. |year=2010 |title=Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=217–232 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020 |s2cid=15481966 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tasirin muhalli == [[Fayil:Bottle_made_from_Cellulose_Acetate_Biograde.JPG|thumb|Gilashin da aka yi da cellulose acetate biograde]] Ana amfani da kayan aiki irin su starch, cellulose, itace, sukari da biomass a matsayin maye gurbin albarkatun man fetur don samar da bioplastics; wannan ya sa samar da bioplatics ya zama aiki mai ɗorewa idan aka kwatanta da samar da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Sau dayawa ana muhawara game da tasirin muhalli na bioplastics, saboda akwai ma'auni daban-daban don "kore" (misali, amfani da ruwa, amfani da makamashi, sare daji, biodegradation, da dai sauransu). <ref>Yates, Madeleine R., and Claire Y. Barlow. "Life Cycle Assessments of Biodegradable, Commercial Biopolymers - A Critical Review." Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 78, Elsevier B.V., 2013, pp. 54–66, doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.06.010.</ref> <ref name="BiodegradableEnvironmentalImpactAxion">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2018 |title=Are biodegradable plastics better for the environment? |url=https://axiongroup.co.uk/news/biodegradable-plastics-better-environment/ |access-date=2018-12-14 |publisher=Axion}}</ref><ref name="BiodegradableImpactMiles">{{Cite web |last=Miles |first=Lindsay |date=22 March 2018 |title=Biodegradable Plastic: Is It Really Eco-Friendly? |url=https://treadingmyownpath.com/2018/03/22/biodegradable-plastic-is-it-really-eco-friendly/ |access-date=2018-12-14}}</ref> Saboda haka tasirin muhalli na bioplastic ana rarraba shi cikin amfani da makamashi mara sabuntawa, canjin yanayi, eutrophication da acid.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Samar da kwayoyin halitta yana rage fitar da iskar gas kuma yana rage amfani da makamashi mara sabuntawa.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte" /> Kamfanoni a duk duniya zasu iya kara dorewar muhalli na samfuran su ta hanyar amfani da bioplastics <ref>Brockhaus, Sebastian, et al. "A Crossroads for Bioplastics: Exploring Product Developers' Challenges to Move beyond Petroleum-Based Plastics." Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 127, Elsevier Ltd, 2016, pp. 84–95, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.003. </ref> Kodayake bioplastics suna adana karin makamashi wanda baza'a iya sabuntawa ba fiye da filastik na al'ada kuma suna fitar da ƙananan iskar gas idan aka kwatanta da filastic na al'adu, bioplastics suma suna da mummunan tasirin muhalli kamar eutrophication da acidization.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Bioplastics suna haifar da mafi girman yiwuwar eutrophication fiye da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Samar da kwayoyin halitta a lokacin ayyukan noma na masana'antu yana haifar da nitrate da phosphate don tacewa cikin jikin ruwa; wannan yana haifar da eutrophication, tsarin da jiki na ruwa ke samun wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Eutrophication barazana ce ga albarkatun ruwa a duniya tun lokacin da yake haifar da fure mai cutarwa wanda ke haifar da wuraren da suka mutu na oxygen, yana kashe dabbobin ruwa.<ref>Sinha, E., et al. "Eutrophication Will Increase during the 21st Century as a Result of Precipitation Changes." Science, vol. 357, no. July, 2017, pp. 405–08.</ref> Bioplastics kuma suna kara yawan acid.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Babban karuwa a cikin eutrophication da acidisation wanda bioplastics ya haifar ya haifar da amfani da taki na sinadarai a cikin noman albarkatun kasa masu sabuntawa don samar da bioplastics.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Sauran tasirin muhalli na bioplastics sun haɗa da yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na ɗan adam da na ƙasa da kuma yiwuwar cutar kansa idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al">Weiss, Martin, et al. "A Review of the Environmental Impacts of Biobased Materials." Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 16, no. SUPPL.1, 2012, doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00468.x.</ref> Koyaya, bioplastics suna yin amfani da mafi girman ecotoxicity na ruwa fiye da kayan al'ada.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Bioplastics da sauran kayan da suka danganci halittu suna kara raguwar ozone na stratospheric idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada; wannan shine sakamakon fitar da nitrous oxide yayin aikace-aikacen taki yayin aikin gona na masana'antu don samar da biomass.<ref name="Weis et al" /> takin zamani yana ƙara hayakin nitrous oxide musamman lokacin da amfanin gona ba ya buƙatar duk nitrogen.<ref>Rosas, Francisco, et al. "Nitrous Oxide Emission Reductions from Cutting Excessive Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications." Climatic Change, vol. 132, no. 2, 2015, pp. 353–67, doi:10.1007/s10584-015-1426-y.</ref> Ƙananan tasirin muhalli na bioplastics sun haɗa da guba ta hanyar amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta a kan amfanin gona da akayi amfani dasu don yin bioplastics.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Bioplastics kuma suna haifar da hayakin carbon dioxide daga motocin girbi.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte" /> Sauran ƙananan tasirin muhalli sun haɗa da yawan amfani da ruwa don noma, rushewar ƙasa, asarar carbon na ƙasa da asarar halittu masu yawa, kuma galibi sakamakon amfani da ƙasa ne da ke da alaƙa da bioplastics.<ref name="Weis et al" /> Amfani da ƙasa don samar da kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da ɓacewar carbon kuma yana ƙara farashin carbon yayin karkatar da ƙasa daga amfanin dake akwai <ref>Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Land-Use Change Emissions: How Green Are the Bioplastics?" Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, vol. 30, no. 4, 2010, pp. 685–691, doi:10.1002/ep.10518.</ref> Kodayake bioplastics suna da fa'ida sosai saboda suna rage amfani da baza'a iya sabuntawa bada kuma fitar da GHG, suna kuma shafar muhalli ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa da ruwa, ta amfani da maganin ƙwayoyin cuta da taki, eutrophication da acidization; saboda haka fifiko na mutum ga ko dai bioplastics ko filastik na al'ada ya dogara da abinda mutum ya ɗauka mafi mahimmancin tasirin muhalli.<ref name="Gironi and Piemonte">Gironi, F., and Vincenzo Piemonte. "Bioplastics and Petroleum-Based Plastics: Strengths and Weaknesses." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, vol. 33, no. 21, 2011, pp. 1949–59, doi:10.1080/15567030903436830.</ref> Wani batu tare da bioplastics, shine cewa wasu bioplastics ana yin su ne daga sassan amfanin gona masu cin abinci. Wannan yana sa bioplastics su yi gasa da samar da abinci saboda amfanin gona da ke samar da bioplastics ana iya amfani da su don ciyar da mutane.<ref name="Cho">{{Cite web |last=Cho |first=Renee |title=The truth about bioplastics |url=https://phys.org/news/2017-12-truth-bioplastics.html |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan bioplastics ana kiransu "1st generation feedstock bioplastics".Bioplastics na ƙarni na 2 suna amfani da amfanin gona wanda ba abinci ba (abinci na cellulosic) ko kayan sharar gida daga kayan shararru na ƙarni 1 (misali man kayan lambu). Bioplastics na ƙarni na uku suna amfani da algae a matsayin kayan abinci.<ref>[https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/09/12/bioplastic-feedstock-1st-2nd-and-3rd-generations/ Bioplastic Feedstock 1st, 2nd and 3rd Generations]</ref> === Biodegradation na Bioplastics === {{Packaging}} [[Fayil:Air_Pillow_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|Kunshin matashin iska da akayi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] Biodegradation na kowane filastik tsari ne wanda ke faruwa a tsayayyen / ruwa inda enzymes a cikin ruwa suka lalata tsayayyen.<ref>Degli-Innocenti, Francesco. "Biodegradation of Plastics and Ecotoxicity Testing: When Should It Be Done." Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 5, no. SEP, 2014, pp. 1–3, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00475.</ref> Wasu nau'ikan bioplastics da filastik na al'ada dake dauke da kari suna iya lalacewa.<ref>Gómez, Eddie F., and Frederick C. Michel. "Biodegradability of Conventional and Bio-Based Plastics and Natural Fiber Composites during Composting, Anaerobic Digestion and Long-Term Soil Incubation." Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 98, no. 12, 2013, pp. 2583–2591., doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.018.</ref> Bioplastics suna iya lalacewa a cikin mahalli daban-daban saboda haka sunfi karɓa fiye da filastik na al'ada.<ref name="Emadian et al">Emadian, S. Mehdi, et al. "Biodegradation of Bioplastics in Natural Environments." Waste Management, vol. 59, Elsevier Ltd, 2017, pp. 526–36, doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.006.</ref> Biodegradability na bioplastics yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli ciki har da ƙasa, yanayin ruwa da takin mai.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Dukkanin tsari da abun dake ciki na biopolymer ko bio-composite suna da tasiri a kan tsarin biodegradation, saboda haka canza abun da ke cikinsa da tsari na iya kara biodegradability.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Ƙasa da takin mai a matsayin yanayin muhalli sunfi dacewa a cikin biodegradation saboda yawan bambancin microbial.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Compoosting ba wai kawai biodegrades bioplastics yadda ya kamata ba amma kuma yana rage fitar da iskar gas.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Biodegradability na bioplastics a cikin mahalli mai narkewa za a iya inganta ta hanyar ƙara karin sukari mai narkewar da kara yawan zafin jiki.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Yanayin ƙasa a gefe guda suna da babban bambancin microorganisms wanda ke sauƙaƙa lalacewar bioplastics.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Koyaya, bioplastics a cikin yanayin ƙasa suna buƙatar yanayin zafi mafi girma da kuma lokaci mai tsawo don biodegrade.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Wasu kwayoyin halitta sun lalace yadda ya kamata a cikin ruwa da tsarin ruwa; duk da haka, wannan yana haifar da haɗari ga yanayin halittu na ruwa da ruwa mai laushi.<ref name="Emadian et al" /> Saboda haka daidai ne a kammala cewa biodegradation na bioplastics a cikin ruwa jiki wanda ke haifar da mutuwar ruwa da ruwa mara lafiya ana iya lura da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mummunar tasirin muhalli na bioplastic. == Bioplastics don kayan gini == Ma'anar bioplastics ta samo asali ne daga farkon karni na 20. Koyaya, gagarumin cigaba yafaru a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990 lokacin da masu bincike suka fara haɓaka filastik masu narkewa daga tushen halitta. Masana'antar gine-gine ta fara lura da yiwuwar bioplastics a ƙarshen 2000s, wanda aka motsa ta hanyar turawa ta duniya don ayyukan gine-gine masu kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bioplastics sun ga ci gaba mai yawa dangane da dorewa, tsada-tasiri, da aiki. Sabbin abubuwa a cikin cakuda biopolymer da sinadarai sun sanya bioplastics sunfi dacewa da aikace-aikacen gini, daga rufi zuwa kayan aikin tsari. === Aikace-aikacen A Ginin === ; Rufewa : Ana iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar kayan kariya masu inganci da muhalli. Polylactic acid (PLA) da polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) ana amfani da su don wannan dalili saboda yanayin zafi da biodegradability.<ref>https://www.ecbf.vc/biodegradable-bioplastics</ref> ; Gidauniyar ƙasa : Abubuwan dake tattare da halittu, kamar waɗanda aka yi daga PLA da fiber na halitta, suna bada madaidaiciya da ɗorewa ga kayan ado na gargajiya. Suna da daraja musamman saboda ƙananan sawun carbon da sake amfani dasu. ; Panels da Rufewa : Binciken Bioplastic, wanda akayi daga cakuda fiber na halitta da biopolymers, suna bada zaɓi mai kyau don rufe bango da rarraba. Wadannan kayan suna da sauƙi, masu ɗorewa, kuma ana iya tsara su don kwaikwayon kayan gargajiya kamar itace ko dutse. ; Ayyuka : Ana amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin tsari don simintin simintin. Suna bada fa'idodi dangane da sake amfani, rage nauyi, da rage tasirin muhalli idan aka kwatanta da kayan al'ada.<ref>https://plasticconcreteformwork.com/environmental-benefits-of-plastic-formwork-in-concrete-construction/</ref> ; Ƙarfafawa : Za'a iya amfani da sinadaran Bioplastic da aka ƙarfafa tare da fiber na halitta ko wasu kayan aiki a aikace-aikacen tsari, suna bada madadin mai ɗorewa ga ƙarfe ko fiberglass. === Fa'idodin Bioplastics a cikin Gine-gine Tasirin Muhalli === ; Rage sawun carbon : Bioplastics an samo su ne daga hanyoyin sabuntawa, wanda ke rage sawun carbon na kayan gini. ; Rashin lalacewa : Yawancin bioplastics suna iya lalacewa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage sharar gida da gurɓata muhalli a ƙarshen rayuwarsu. ; Ingancin Makamashi : Samar da kwayoyin halitta gabaɗaya yana buƙatar ƙarancin makamashi idan aka kwatanta da filastik na al'ada, ƙara rage tasirin muhalli. === Fa'idodin Tattalin Arziki === ; Kyakkyawan albarkatu : Amfani da bioplastics na iya rage dogaro da man fetur na burbushin halittu kuma yabada gudummawa ga ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun halitta. ; Cigaban Kasuwanci : Kasuwar bioplastics tana fadada, ta hanyar karuwar buƙatun kayan gini masu ɗorewa. Wannan ci gaban yana gabatar da sabbin damar tattalin arziki ga masana'antun da masu samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/bioplastics-market-2274?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708210043/https://www.vantagemarketresearch.com/industry-report/bioplastics-market-2274?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ƙalubalen da Ƙuntatawa === ; Kudin : Bioplastics sau dayawa sunfi tsada don samarwa fiye da filastik na gargajiya, wanda zai iya zama shingen ga yaduwar tallafi a cikin masana'antar gine-gine mai tsada. Koyaya, anasa ran cigaban bincike da fasaha don rage farashin a tsawon lokaci. ; Ayyuka : Duk da yake bioplastics sunyi gagarumin cigaba, wasu nau'ikan har yanzu suna bayan kayan gargajiya dangane da ƙarfi, tsayi, da juriya ga abubuwan muhalli kamar bayyanar UV da danshi.<ref>https://primebiopol.com/bioplasticos-y-plasticos-convencionales-un-analisis-comparativo/?lang=en</ref> ; Ƙayyadaddun Aikace-aikace : A halin yanzu, bioplastics sun dace da iyakantaccen aikace-aikace a cikin gini. fadada amfani dasu zuwa matsayi mai mahimmanci zai buƙaci cigaba da gwaji. === Abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba === Makomar bioplastics a cikin gini tana da kyau, tare da cigaba da bincike da kirkire-kirkire masu yiwuwa su faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen su da inganta ayyukansu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sameerabuildingconstruction.com/can-bioplastics-replace-traditional-materials-in-building/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240708213339/https://sameerabuildingconstruction.com/can-bioplastics-replace-traditional-materials-in-building/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayinda masana'antar gine-gine ke karuwa da dorewa, bioplastics suna shirye su taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban kayan gini masu aminci.<ref>https://itechmag.org/paper/volume%201/03-08.pdf{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bioplastics suna bada zaɓi mai ɗorewa da amfani ga kayan gini na gargajiya, tare da fa'idodin muhalli da tattalin arziki. Duk da yake ƙalubalen sun kasance, musamman dangane da farashi da aiki, cigaban dake gudana a cikin fasahar bioplastic <ref>https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1158/1/012008/pdf</ref> yana da damar canza masana'antar gine-gine da kuma bada gudummawa ga makomar da tafi dacewa. == Masana'antu da kasuwanni == [[Fayil:Teebeutel_Polylactid_2009.jpg|thumb|Takalma na shayi da akayi da polylactide (PLA) (sha'irori) ]] Duk da yake filastik da suka danganci kayan kwayoyin halitta sun ƙera sune ta kamfanonin sunadarai a cikin karni na 20, kamfanin farko daya mai da hankali kan bioplastics - Marlborough Biopolymers - an kafa shine a 1983. Koyaya, Marlborough da sauran kamfanonin da suka biyo baya sun kasa samun nasarar kasuwanci, tare da irin wannan kamfani na farko don samun nasarar kudi na dogon lokaci shine kamfanin Novamont na Italiya, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Axel |date=5 September 2018 |title=The History and Most Important Innovations of Bioplastics |url=https://bioplasticsnews.com/2018/07/05/history-of-bioplastics/ |website=Bioplastics News}}</ref> Bioplastics sun kasance ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na duk filastik da aka ƙera a duk duniya.<ref name="dx.doi.org2">{{Cite journal |date=March 2016 |title=Ready to Grow: The Biodegradable Polymers Market |journal=Plastics Engineering |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1002/j.1941-9635.2016.tb01489.x |issn=0091-9578}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Darby |first=Debra |date=August 2012 |title=Bioplastics Industry Report |url=https://www.biocycle.net/2012/08/15/bioplastics-industry-report/ |journal=BioCycle |volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=40–44}}</ref> Yawancin bioplastics basu adana karin hayaki na carbon ba fiye da yadda ake buƙata don ƙera su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rujnić-Sokele |first=Maja |last2=Pilipović |first2=Ana |date=September 2017 |title=Challenges and Opportunities of Biodegradable Plastics: A Mini Review |journal=Waste Management & Research |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=132–140 |doi=10.1177/0734242x16683272 |pmid=28064843 |s2cid=23782848}}</ref> An kiyasta cewa maye gurbin tan miliyan 250 na filastik da aka ƙera a kowace shekara tare da filastik na rayuwa zai buƙaci hekta miliyan 100 na ƙasa, ko kashi 7 cikin dari na ƙasar noma a Duniya. Kuma lokacin da bioplastics suka kai ƙarshen rayuwarsu, waɗanda aka tsara don zama compostable kuma ana tallata su azaman biodegradable galibi ana aika su zuwa wuraren zubar da shara saboda rashin kayan aikin composting ko rarraba sharar gida, inda suke saki methane yayin da suke rushewa anaerobically. COPA (Kwamitin Kungiyar Aikin Gona a Tarayyar Turai) da COGEGA (Kwamnatin Aikin Gida a Tarayyen Turai) sunyi kimantawa game da yiwuwar bioplastics a bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arzikin Turai: {| class="wikitable" !Yankin ! colspan="2" |Tunanin shekara-shekara |- |Kayayyakin abinci||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|450,000||0.0005}} |- |Takalma na sharar gida||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|100,000||0.0005}} |- |Biodegradable mulch foils||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|130,000||0.0005}} |- |Biodegradable foils for diapers||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|80,000||0.0005}} |- |Diapers, 100% biodegradable||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|240,000||0.0005}} |- |Kunshin kwalliya||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|400,000||0.0005}} |- |Kunshin kayan lambu||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|400,000||0.0005}} |- |Abubuwan da ke cikin taya||style="text-align:right;"|{{bartable|200,000||0.0005}} |- !'''Jimillar:''' ! style="text-align:right;" |2,000,000 ! |} == Tarihi da cigaban bioplastics == {{Blockquote|''Biobased polymer'' derived from the ''[[biomass]]'' or issued from monomers derived from the biomass and which, at some stage in its processing into finished products, can be shaped by flow. :''Note 1'': Bioplastic is generally used as the opposite of polymer derived from fossil resources. :''Note 2'': Bioplastic is misleading because it suggests that any polymer derived from the biomass is ''environmentally friendly''. :''Note 3'': The use of the term "bioplastic" is discouraged. Use the expression "biobased polymer". :''Note 4'': A biobased polymer similar to a petrobased one does not imply any superiority with respect to the environment unless the comparison of respective ''life cycle assessments'' is favourable.<ref name="IUPAC2012">{{cite journal|title=Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)|journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]]|year=2012|volume=84|issue=2|pages=377–410|doi=10.1351/PAC-REC-10-12-04|url=http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf|last1=Vert|first1=Michel|s2cid=98107080|access-date=2013-07-17|archive-date=2015-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319032817/http://pac.iupac.org/publications/pac/pdf/2012/pdf/8402x0377.pdf}}</ref>}} * 1855: First (inferior) version of linoleum produced * 1862: At the Great London Exhibition, Alexander Parkes displays Parkesine, the first thermoplastic. Parkesine is made from nitrocellulose and had very good properties, but exhibits extreme flammability. (White 1998)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=White |first=J. L. |date=December 1998 |title=Fourth in a Series: Pioneers of Polymer Processing Alexander Parkes |journal=International Polymer Processing |volume=13 |issue=4 |page=326 |doi=10.3139/217.980326 |issn=0930-777X |s2cid=137545344}}</ref> * 1897: Still produced today, Galalith is a milk-based bioplastic that was created by German chemists in 1897. Galalith is primarily found in buttons. (Thielen 2014) * 1907: Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite, which received the National Historic Chemical Landmark for its non-conductivity and heat-resistant properties. It is used in radio and telephone casings, kitchenware, firearms and many more products. (Pathak, Sneha, Mathew 2014) * 1912: Brandenberger invents Cellophane out of wood, cotton, or hemp cellulose. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /> * 1920s: Wallace Carothers finds Polylactic Acid (PLA) plastic. PLA is incredibly expensive to produce and is not mass-produced until 1989. (Whiteclouds 2018) * 1925: Polyhydroxybutyrate was isolated and characterised by French microbiologist [[Maurice Lemoigne]] * 1926: Maurice Lemoigne invents polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) which is the first bioplastic made from bacteria. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /> * 1930s: The first bioplastic car was made from soy beans by Henry Ford. (Thielen 2014)<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soybean Car - The Henry Ford |url=https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-resources/popular-topics/soy-bean-car/ |access-date=2020-12-09 |website=www.thehenryford.org |language=en}}</ref> * 1940-1945: During World War II, an increase in plastic production is seen as it is used in many wartime materials. Due to government funding and oversight the United States production of plastics (in general, not just bioplastics) tripled during 1940-1945 (Rogers 2005).<ref name="A Brief History of Plastic">{{Cite web |date=May 2005 |title=A Brief History of Plastic |url=https://brooklynrail.org/2005/05/express/a-brief-history-of-plastic |access-date=2018-09-27 |website=The Brooklyn Rail}}</ref> The 1942 U.S. government short film ''The Tree in a Test Tube'' illustrates the major role bioplastics played in the World War II victory effort and the American economy of the time. * 1950s: Amylomaize (>50% amylose content corn) was successfully bred and commercial bioplastics applications started to be explored. (Liu, Moult, Long, 2009) A decline in bioplastic development is seen due to the cheap oil prices, however the development of synthetic plastics continues. * 1970s: The environmental movement spurred more development in bioplastics. (Rogers 2005)<ref name="A Brief History of Plastic" /> * 1983: The first bioplastics company, Marlborough Biopolymers, is started which uses a bacteria-based bioplastic called {{Not a typo|biopal}}. (Feder 1985)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 1995 |title=New fibre could make stronger parts |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=39 |issue=5 |page=17 |doi=10.1016/0034-3617(95)91746-2 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref> * 1989: The further development of PLA is made by Dr. Patrick R. Gruber when he figures out how to create PLA from corn. (Whiteclouds 2018). The leading bioplastic company is created called Novamount. Novamount uses matter-bi, a bioplastic, in multiple different applications. (Novamount 2018) * Late 1990s: The development of TP starch and BIOPLAST from research and production of the company BIOTEC lead to the BIOFLEX film. BIOFLEX film can be classified as blown film extrusion, flat film extrusion, and injection moulding lines. These three classifications have applications as follows: Blown films - sacks, bags, trash bags, mulch foils, hygiene products, diaper films, air bubble films, protective clothing, gloves, double rib bags, labels, barrier ribbons; Flat films - trays, flower pots, freezer products and packaging, cups, pharmaceutical packaging; Injection moulding - disposable cutlery, cans, containers, performed pieces, CD trays, cemetery articles, golf tees, toys, writing materials. (Lorcks 1998)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lörcks |first=Jürgen |date=January 1998 |title=Properties and applications of compostable starch-based plastic material |journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability |volume=59 |issue=1–3 |pages=245–249 |doi=10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00168-7 |issn=0141-3910}}</ref> * 1992: It is reported in Science that PHB can be produced by the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (Poirier, Dennis, Klomparens, Nawrath, Somerville 1992)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Poirier |first=Yves |last2=Dennis |first2=Douglas |last3=Klomparens |first3=Karen |last4=Nawrath |first4=Christiane |last5=Somerville |first5=Chris |date=December 1992 |title=Perspectives on the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in plants |journal=FEMS Microbiology Letters |volume=103 |issue=2–4 |pages=237–246 |doi=10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05843.x |issn=0378-1097 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * 2001: Metabolix inc. purchases Monsanto's biopol business (originally Zeneca) which uses plants to produce bioplastics. (Barber and Fisher 2001)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985-12-02 |title=Monsanto finds buyer for oil and gas assets |journal=Chemical & Engineering News |volume=63 |issue=48 |page=5 |doi=10.1021/cen-v063n048.p005a |issn=0009-2347}}</ref> * 2001: Nick Tucker uses elephant grass as a bioplastic base to make plastic car parts. (Tucker 2001) * 2005: Cargill and Dow Chemicals is rebranded as NatureWorks and becomes the leading PLA producer. (Pennisi 2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pennisi |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Pennisi |date=1992-05-16 |title=Natureworks |journal=Science News |volume=141 |issue=20 |pages=328–331 |doi=10.2307/3976489 |issn=0036-8423 |jstor=3976489}}</ref> * 2007: Metabolix inc. market tests its first 100% biodegradable plastic called Mirel, made from corn sugar fermentation and genetically engineered bacteria. (Digregorio 2009)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=DiGregorio |first=Barry E. |date=January 2009 |title=Biobased Performance Bioplastic: Mirel |journal=Chemistry & Biology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.01.001 |issn=1074-5521 |pmid=19171300 |doi-access=}}</ref> * 2012: A bioplastic is developed from seaweed proving to be one of the most environmentally friendly bioplastics based on research published in the journal of pharmacy research. (Rajendran, Puppala, Sneha, Angeeleena, Rajam 2012) * 2013: A patent is put on bioplastic derived from blood and a crosslinking agent like sugars, proteins, etc. (iridoid derivatives, diimidates, diones, carbodiimides, acrylamides, dimethylsuberimidates, aldehydes, Factor XIII, dihomo bifunctional NHS esters, carbonyldiimide, {{Sic|glyoxyls}}, proanthocyanidin, reuterin). This invention can be applied by using the bioplastic as tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bones, and being used in stem cell delivery. (Campbell, Burgess, Weiss, Smith 2013)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 2004 |title=Nanotube technology gains US patent |journal=Reinforced Plastics |volume=48 |issue=10 |page=17 |doi=10.1016/s0034-3617(04)00461-8 |issn=0034-3617}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Phil G. |last2=Burgess |first2=James E. |last3=Weiss |first3=Lee E. |last4=Smith |first4=Jason |date=18 June 2015 |title=Methods and Apparatus for Manufacturing Plasma Based Plastics and Bioplastics Produced Therefrom |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150165093A1/en |language=en}}</ref> * 2014: It is found in a study published in 2014 that bioplastics can be made from blending vegetable waste (parsley and spinach stems, the husks from cocoa, the hulls of rice, etc.) with TFA solutions of pure cellulose creates a bioplastic. (Bayer, Guzman-Puyol, Heredia-Guerrero, Ceseracciu, Pignatelli, Ruffilli, Cingolani, and Athanassiou 2014)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bayer |first=Ilker S. |last2=Guzman-Puyol |first2=Susana |last3=Heredia-Guerrero |first3=José Alejandro |last4=Ceseracciu |first4=Luca |last5=Pignatelli |first5=Francesca |last6=Ruffilli |first6=Roberta |last7=Cingolani |first7=Roberto |last8=Athanassiou |first8=Athanassia |date=2014-07-15 |title=Direct Transformation of Edible Vegetable Waste into Bioplastics |url=https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/74866 |journal=Macromolecules |volume=47 |issue=15 |pages=5135–5143 |bibcode=2014MaMol..47.5135B |doi=10.1021/ma5008557 |issn=0024-9297 |access-date=2024-07-12 |archive-date=2024-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202142027/https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/74866 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2016: An experiment finds that a car bumper that passes regulation can be made from nano-cellulose based bioplastic biomaterials using banana peels. (Hossain, Ibrahim, Aleissa 2016)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharif Hossain |first=A.B.M. |last2=Ibrahim |first2=Nasir A. |last3=AlEissa |first3=Mohammed Saad |date=September 2016 |title=Nano-cellulose derived bioplastic biomaterial data for vehicle bio-bumper from banana peel waste biomass |journal=Data in Brief |volume=8 |pages=286–294 |doi=10.1016/j.dib.2016.05.029 |issn=2352-3409 |pmc=4906129 |pmid=27331103}}</ref> * 2017: A new proposal for bioplastics made from Lignocellulosics resources (dry plant matter). (Brodin, Malin, Vallejos, Opedal, Area, Chinga-Carrasco 2017)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brodin |first=Malin |last2=Vallejos |first2=María |last3=Opedal |first3=Mihaela Tanase |last4=Area |first4=María Cristina |last5=Chinga-Carrasco |first5=Gary |date=September 2017 |title=Lignocellulosics as sustainable resources for production of bioplastics – A review |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=162 |pages=646–664 |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.209 |issn=0959-6526 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> * 2018: Many developments occur including Ikea starting industrial production of bioplastics furniture (Barret 2018), Project Effective focusing on replacing nylon with bio-nylon (Barret 2018), and the first packaging made from fruit (Barret 2018). * 2019: Five different types of Chitin nanomaterials were extracted and synthesized by the 'Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology' to verify strong personality and antibacterial effects. When buried underground, 100% biodegradation was possible within six months.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Tran TH, Nguyen HL, Hwang DS, Lee JY, Cha HG, Koo JM, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX |year=2019 |title=Five different chitin nanomaterials from identical source with different advantageous functions and performances |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |publisher=Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. |volume=205 |pages=392–400 |doi=10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.089 |issn=0144-8617 |pmid=30446120 |s2cid=53569630}}</ref> <nowiki>*</nowiki> ba cikakken jerin bane. Wadannan abubuwan kirkirar suna nuna bambancin bioplastics da muhimman cigaba. Sabbin aikace-aikace da abubuwan kirkirar bioplastics suna cigaba da faruwa. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Binciken Bioplastic ko Ci gaba |- |1862 |Parkesine - Alexander Parkes |- |1868 |Celluloid - John Wesley Hyatt |- |1897 |Galalith - likitocin Jamus |- |1907 |Bakelite - Leo Baekeland |- |1912 |Cellophane - Jacques E. Brandenberger |- |Shekaru na 1920 |Polylactic Acid (PLA) - Wallace Carothers |- |1926 |Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) - Maurice Lemoigne |- |Shekaru na 1930 |Soya-bean-based bioplastic mota - Henry Ford |- |1983 |Biopal - Marlborough Biopolymers |- |1989 |PLA daga masara - Dokta Patrick R. Gruber; Matter-bi - Novamount |- |1992 |Ana iya samar da PHB ta hanyar Arabidopsis thaliana (ƙaramin shuka mai fure) |- |1998 |Fim din Bioflex (bugawa, kwance, gyaran allura) yana haifar da aikace-aikace daban-daban na bioplastic |- |2001 |PHB za a iya samar da shi ta hanyar giwayen |- |2007 |Mirel (100% biodegradable filastik) ta Metabolic inc. an gwada shi a kasuwa |- |2012 |Bioplastic an haɓaka shi ne daga albasa |- |2013 |Bioplastic da aka yi daga jini da kuma mai haɗin giciye wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya |- |2014 |Bioplastic da aka yi daga sharar kayan lambu |- |2016 |Kamfanin mota da aka yi da kwayar cutar ayaba |- |2017 |Bioplastics da aka yi daga albarkatun lignocellulosic (tsire mai bushe) |- |2018 |Kayan kwalliya na bioplastic, bio-nylon, marufi daga 'ya'yan itace |} [[Fayil:Bioplastics_Development_Center_-_University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell_-_DSC00107.JPG|thumb|Cibiyar Cigaban Bioplastics - Jami'ar Massachusetts Lowell]] [[Fayil:PLA-Kugelschreiber_NatureWorks_CG.jpg|thumb|Fensir da akayi da bioplastics (Polylactide, PLA) ]] == Hanyoyin gwaji == [[Fayil:Shampoo_Bottle_made_of_PLA-Blend_Bio-Flex.jpg|thumb|264x264px|Gilashin shampoo na bioplastic da aka yi da PLA-blend bio-flex]] === Kasuwancin masana'antu - EN 13432, ASTM D6400 === Dole ne A cikin ma'aunin masana'antu na EN 13432 don da'awar cewa samfurin filastik yana iyayin compostable a kasuwar Turai. A taƙaice, yana buƙatar gwaje-gwaje da yawa da kuma saita ka'idojin wucewa / gazawar, gami da rushewa (rugujewar jiki da gani) na abin da aka gama a cikin makonni 1, biodegradation (canja carbon zuwa CO) na sinadaran polymeric a cikin kwanaki 180, guba na shuka da ƙarfe mai nauyi. Matsayin ASTM 6400 shine tsarin tsari na Amurka kuma yana da irin wannan buƙatu. Yawancin filastik na [[starch]], filastik da ke PLA da wasu mahaɗan co-[[polyester]] na [[Aliphatic]]-aromatic, kamar su succinates da adipates, sun sami waɗannan takaddun shaida. Additive-based bioplastics sayar a matsayin photodegradable ko [[Oxo Biodegradable]] basu bi waɗannan ka'idoji a halin yanzu ba. === Compostability - ASTM D6002 === Hanyar ASTM D 6002 don ƙayyade compostability na filastik ya bayyana kalmar compostable kamar haka:<blockquote>wanda ke iya fuskantar lalacewar halittu a cikin wani shafin mai mai mai mai amfani dashi don kayan baza'a iya rarrabe su ba kuma ya rushe cikin carbon dioxide, ruwa, mahaɗan inorganic da biomass a cikin adadin daya dace da sanannun kayan mai amfani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compostable.info |url=http://www.compostable.info/compostable.htm}}</ref></blockquote>  Wannan ma'anar ta jawo zargi da yawa saboda, sabanin yadda aka bayyana kalmar a al'ada, ya rabu da tsarin "composting" daga bukatar hakan wanda ke haifar da [[humus]] / compost a matsayin samfurin ƙarshe. Abinda kawai wannan ma'auni ya bayyana shi ne cewa filastik mai sarrafawa dole ne ya nemi yatafi da sauri kamar yadda wani abu da mutum ya riga ya kafa ya zama mai sarrafawa a ƙarƙashin ma'anar gargajiya. ==== . ASTM D 6002 ==== A watan Janairun 2011, ASTM ta janye ma'auni na ASTM D 6002, wanda yaba masana'antun filastik amincin doka don lakafta filastik a matsayin mai sarrafawa. Bayanansa kamar haka:<blockquote>Wannan jagorar da aka rufe ta bada shawarar ka'idoji, hanyoyin, da kuma hanyar gaba ɗaya don kafa compostability na filastik masu lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASTM D6002 - 96(2002)e1 Standard Guide for Assessing the Compostability of Environmentally Degradable Plastics (Withdrawn 2011) |url=http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6002.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221192326/https://www.astm.org/Standards/D6002.htm |archive-date=2019-12-21 |access-date=2012-09-05 |website=astm.org}}</ref> </blockquote>ASTM har yanzu bai maye gurbin wannan ma'auni ba. === Biobased - ASTM D6866 === An haɓaka hanyar ASTM D6866 don tabbatar da abubuwan da aka samo daga kwayoyin halitta na bioplastics. Hasken sararin samaniya dake haɗuwa da yanayi yana nufin cewa wasu daga cikin carbon shine isotope carbon-14. CO₂ daga yanayi ana amfani dashi ta shuke-shuke a cikin photosynthesis, don haka sabon kayan shuke-huke zasu ƙunshi carbon-14 da carbon-12. A karkashin yanayin daya dace, da kuma a kan lokutan geological, za'a iya canza ragowar halittu masu rai zuwa burbushin burbushin halittu. Bayan ~ shekaru 100,000 duk carbon-14 dake cikin asalin kwayoyin halitta zasu sha wahala a cikin lalacewar rediyo inda suka bar carbon-12 kawai. Samfurin da aka yi daga biomass zai sami matakin carbon-14, yayin da samfurin da akayi da sinadarin man fetur bazai sami carbon-14. Za'a iya auna kashi na carbon mai sabuntawa a cikin kayan (mai ƙarfi ko ruwa) tare da ma'aunin ma'auni mai sauri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASTM D6866 - 11 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis |url=http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6866.htm |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Astm.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-24 |title=NNFCC Newsletter&nbsp;– Issue 16. Understanding Bio-based Content&nbsp;— NNFCC |url=http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-newsletter-issue-16-understanding-bio-based-content |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Nnfcc.co.uk |archive-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720182801/http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/publications/nnfcc-newsletter-issue-16-understanding-bio-based-content |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai muhimmiyar bambanci tsakanin [[Rashin lalacewa|biodegradability]] da abun ciki na biobased. A bioplastic irin su high-density polyethylene (HDPE) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Braskem |url=http://www.braskem.com.br/site/portal_braskem/en/sala_de_imprensa/sala_de_imprensa_detalhes_6062.aspx |access-date=2011-08-14 |publisher=Braskem}}</ref> iya zama 100% biobased (watau dauke da 100% sabunta carbon), duk da haka ba-biodegradable. Wadannan bioplastics irin su HDPE duk da haka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rage iskar gas, musamman lokacin da aka ƙone su don samar da makamashi. Sashe na biobased na waɗannan bioplastics ana ɗaukar su carbon-neutral tunda asalin su ya fito ne daga biomass === Anaerobic biodegradability - ASTM D5511-02 da ASTM D 5526 === ASTM D5511-12 da ASTM D 5526-12 hanyoyin gwaji ne waɗanda suka bi ka'idodin duniya kamar ISO DIS 15985 don biodegradability na filastik. == Dubi kuma ==    == Manazarta ==   == Ƙarin karantawa == * [https://www.proquest.com/docview/1347639560 Flastik ba tare da Tarihin Man Fetur ba da Siyasa na 'Green' Flastik a Amurka] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=KZCNJ8qSWKYC ''Filastik da muhalli''] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=SUCtOwns7TEC&pg=PA155 "Ginin Jama'a na Bakelite: Zuwa ga ka'idar kirkirar"] a cikin The Social Construction of Technological Systems, shafuffuka 155-182&nbsp; == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.gcis.com.cn/11-multi-client-market-research-reports/204-china-biodegradable-plastics-market-research-report Binciken Kasuwar China don Flastik mai lalacewa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904192810/http://www.gcis.com.cn/11-multi-client-market-research-reports/204-china-biodegradable-plastics-market-research-report |date=2021-09-04 }} An adana shi 2021-09-04 a , Mayu 2017, GCiS China Strategic Research [[Rukuni:Muhalli]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8sefapun3tkola435pt141cs3mhn83b 0 83040 839208 611564 2026-05-23T00:01:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bapuji Dashrathbhai Patel''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan watan Disamba, shekara ta 1956), wanda aka fi sani da '''Dashrathbhai Atmaramdas Patel''', ya kasance masanin ruhaniya ne na kasar [[Indiya]] wanda aka sani da zurfin fahimta game da ruhaniya da kimiyyar kai. Mutane da yawa suna girmama shi saboda koyarwarsa, kodayake yana guje wa shahara da taken 'guru'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/brand-media/article/renowned-spiritual-luminary-dashrathbhai-atmaramdas-patel-initiates-global--23323456 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-08-16 |archive-date=2024-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816211056/https://www.mid-day.com/brand-media/article/renowned-spiritual-luminary-dashrathbhai-atmaramdas-patel-initiates-global--23323456 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta Farko da Tarihi == An haifi Bapuji a ƙauyen Akhaj, Mehsana, Gujarat. Da farko, ya fara aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan haraji amma sai kuma ya shiga zurfin ruhaniya tun yana ƙarami. Karatunsa ya haɗa da Vedas, Upanishads, da ilimin halayyar mutum. Falsafarsa ta "Sarva Dharma Sadbhava" tana nuna girmamawa ga dukkan addinai.<ref>https://firstindia.co.in/news/press-releases/meet-14-iconic-personalities-defining-growth-driving-success-in-2024</ref> == Ra'ayi da Koyarwa == Koyarwar ruhaniya ta Bapuji tana mai da hankali kan cimma ''Param Shanti'' (mafi girman zaman lafiya) ta hanyar canza kai na ciki. Ya koyar da cewa ana samun zaman lafiya na gaskiya ta hanyar fahimtar kai da yanayin sararin samaniya. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan koyarwarsa shine "Behed Ki Param Shanti Maha Mantra," wanda ke ƙarfafa mutane su tsara da yada zaman lafiya ta hanyar ayyukansu da tunani. Ayyukansa na tunani an tsara su don su kasance masu sauƙi amma masu ƙarfi, kuma masu sauƙi ga kowa.<ref>https://www.apnnews.com/the-spiritual-journey-of-bapuji-dashrathbhai-patel-former-income-tax-advocate/</ref> == Gudummawar Wallafe-Wallafe == Bapuji ya wallafa littattafai da yawa waɗanda ke zurfafa fahimtar ruhaniya: * ''Supreme Knowledge of the Infinite'' (Mafi Girma Ilimi na Ƙarshe) * ''From The Heart of God'' (Daga Zuciyar Allah) * ''Anant Koti Brahmando ka Mahakal Pralay'' * ''Life in Multiverse'' (Rayuwa a cikin Multiverse) == Vishwa Parivartak Ishwariya Vidhyalay == Bapuji ya kafa '''Vishwa Parivartak Ishwariya Vidhyalay''' ashram a Ahmedabad, da ke cikin ƙauyen Chenpur. Wannan ashram yana aiki ne a matsayin cibiyar ruhaniya inda ake ba da koyarwarsa, kuma masu neman daga bangarori daban-daban suna zuwa don koyo da yin amfani da hanyoyinsa na tunani da jagorancin ruhaniya. == Bayyanawa ta Zamani == Ana raba koyarwar Bapuji ta ko'ina ta hanyar fasahar zamani. Gidan yanar gizon sa, '''Param Shanti''', da kuma tashar YouTube da aka keɓe, suna ba da damar yin amfani da jawabansa, dabarun tunani, da rubuce-rubucen ruhaniya. Wadannan dandamali suna taimakawa wajen isar da koyarwarsa ga masu sauraro na duniya, suna ba da su a cikin harsuna da yawa.<ref>https://english.loktej.com/article/13632/bapuji-dashrathbhai-patel-a-spiritual-luminary-leading-the-quest-for</ref> == Kyauta da Tasiri == Sakon Bapuji na bege da canji ya yi wa mutane da yawa wahayi zuwa gare su su fara tafiye-tafiye na ruhaniya na gaskiya. Ya jaddada zaman lafiya da fahimtar kai, kuma ya sami tasiri mai dorewa, yana ƙarfafa mutane su ba da gudummawa ga zaman lafiya da jituwa ta fadin [[duniya]]. == Bayani == {{Reflist}} fo53ynlhuiowujlaztzxkuc7qvqvmco 0 84531 839251 680601 2026-05-23T06:22:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binciken ciki,'''wani yanki ne na gwajin jiki wanda likita ko ma'aikacin jinya ke amfani da shi don lura da cikin mara lafiya a asibiti don alamun [[Cututtukan jini|cututtuka]]. Jarabawar ciki ta al'ada ta kasu kashi huɗu daban-daban: na farko, '''duba''' majiyyaci da abubuwan da ake iya gani na cikin su. '''Auscultation (sauraron)''' na ciki tare da stethoscope . '''Palpation''' na majiyyaci cikin ciki. A ƙarshe, '''bugun''' (tapping) na cikin majiyyaci da gabobin ciki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UCSD's Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine |url=https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/abdomen.htm |access-date=2019-09-01 |website=meded.ucsd.edu |archive-date=2019-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831121928/https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/abdomen.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dangane da buƙatar gwaji don takamaiman cututtuka irin su ascites, ana iya yin '''gwaje-gwaje na musamman''' a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwajin jiki. <ref name=":12">{{cite book|last1=Seidel|first1=Henry M.|last2=Ball|first2=Jane W.|last3=Dains|first3=Joyce E.|last4=Flynn|first4=John A.|last5=Solomon|first5=Barry S.|last6=Stewart|first6=Rosalyn W.|title=Mosby's Guide to Physical Examination|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier|location=St. Louis, MO|isbn=978-0-323-05570-3|pages=492–513|edition=7th}}</ref> Ana iya yin gwajin ciki saboda likitan yana zargin cutar gabobin da ke cikin kogon ciki (ciki har da hanta, saifa, hanji babba ko karami), ko kuma a matsayin wani bangare na cikakken binciken jiki don wasu yanayi.A cikin cikakken gwajin jiki, gwajin ciki yana bin gwajin numfashi da gwajin jini na zuciya. <ref name=":0">MD, Lynn B. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History-Taking, 11th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 11/2012.</ref> == Matsayi da muhalli == [[Fayil:Abdominal_Exam.pdf|thumb|541x541px| Gwajin ciki da yuwuwar binciken]] Matsayin da aka ba da shawara shine ga masu haƙuri su kasance a kwance (a bayansu), tare da hannayensu zuwa ɓangarorinsu. Ya kamata a sanya majiyyaci a cikin yanayi mai haske mai kyau, kuma ya kamata a lullube shi da tawul ko zanen gado don kiyaye sirri da dumi.<ref name=":12" /> Ya kamata a lanƙwasa hips da gwiwoyi na majiyyaci (a cikin lanƙwasa) don tsokoki na ciki su kasance cikin annashuwa yayin binciken.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|title=Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine|last=Greenberger|first=NJ|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2016|location=AccessMedicine|chapter=Part IV - Approach to the Patient at the Bedside: Acute Abdominal Pain}}</ref> Neman majiyyaci don nuna wuraren da zai iya zama mai laushi ko mai raɗaɗi an ba da shawarar don kauce wa tsanantawa zafi yayin dubawa kuma don ƙara jin daɗin haƙuri. <ref name=":0">MD, Lynn B. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History-Taking, 11th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 11/2012.</ref> Ko da yake likitoci sun damu da cewa ba wa marasa lafiya maganin jin zafi a lokacin ciwo mai tsanani na ciki na iya hana ganewar asali da magani, ra'ayi na yau da kullum ta hanyar Cochrane Collaboration <ref name="pmid21249672">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Manterola C, Vial M, Moraga J, Astudillo P |year=2011 |editor-last=Manterola |editor-first=Carlos |title=Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=1 |pages=CD005660 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005660.pub3 |pmid=21249672}}</ref> da kuma Rational Clinical Examination <ref name="pmid17032990">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ranji SR, Goldman LE, Simel DL, Shojania KG |year=2006 |title=Do opiates affect the clinical evaluation of patients with acute abdominal pain? |journal=JAMA |volume=296 |issue=14 |pages=1764–74 |doi=10.1001/jama.296.14.1764 |pmid=17032990}}</ref> karyata wannan. == Dubawa == Likitan zai duba motsin ciki yana dubawa musamman don raƙuman ruwa ko sassauƙan yanayi.<ref>{{Citation|author=Bates, Barbara|title=A Visual guide to physical examination.|date=1982|publisher=Lippincott|oclc=16319335}}</ref> == Auscultation == Auscultation yana nufin amfani da stethoscope ta mai dubawa don sauraron sauti daga ciki. <ref name="w689">{{Cite web |last=Cleveland Clinic medical professional |date=2022-05-20 |title=Auscultation: Definition, Purpose & Procedure |url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/23080-auscultation |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref> Ba kamar sauran gwaje-gwajen jiki ba, ana yin auscultation kafin a yi bugun ko bugun zuciya, saboda waɗannan biyun na iya canza yanayin sautin hanji akai-akai. <ref name=":0">MD, Lynn B. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History-Taking, 11th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 11/2012.</ref> Akwai wasu rigima dangane da tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don tabbatarwa ko keɓe sautunan hanji, tare da tsawan lokaci har zuwa mintuna bakwai. Ƙunƙarar hanji na iya kasancewa tare da sautin hanji mai guna-guni ko ƙarar hayaniya. Masu lafiya ba za su iya samun sautin hanji na mintuna da yawa <ref>McGee, S, Evidence-Based Physical Diagnosis, 3rd Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Saunders; 2012</ref> kuma ciwon hanji na iya yin shiru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2017 |title=Listening to Bowel Sounds: An Outdated Practice? |url=http://blogs.jwatch.org/frontlines-clinical-medicine/2017/03/01/listening-bowel-sounds-outdated-practice/}}</ref> Za a iya haifar da sautin hanji mai yawan motsa jiki ta wani bangare ko cikakkiyar toshewar hanji yayin da hanjin da farko ke kokarin share toshewar.<ref name=":33">{{Cite book|title=Comprehensive Gynecology|last1=Mendiratta|first1=Vicki|last2=Lentz|first2=Gretchen M.|publisher=Elsevier, Inc.|year=2017|location=ClinicalKey|chapter=History, Physical Examination, and Preventative Health Care - Abdominal Exam}}</ref> Rashin sautuna na iya haifar da peritonitis, ciwon gurguwar ƙwayar cuta, toshewar hanji a ƙarshen mataki, ischemia na hanji ko wasu dalilai. <ref>Jarvis, C.(2008). Physical Examination and Health Assessment. 5th edn. Saunders Elsevier, St Louis</ref> Wasu mawallafa sun ba da shawarar cewa sauraron a wuri ɗaya ya isa kamar yadda za a iya yada sauti a cikin ciki. <ref>Reuben, A. (2016). Examination of the abdomen. Clinical Liver Disease, 7(6), 143–150. doi:10.1002/cld.556</ref> Wani bincike mai yiwuwa da aka buga a cikin 2014 inda likitocin 41 suka saurari sautin hanji na masu aikin sa kai na 177 (19 daga cikinsu suna da shingen hanji da 15 tare da ciwon ciki) sun gano cewa "Auscultation na sautin hanji ba aikin asibiti bane mai amfani lokacin da aka bambanta marasa lafiya tare da al'ada tare da pathologic. Sauti na hanji. <ref>Felder, S., Margel, D., Murrell, Z., & Fleshner, P. (2014). Usefulness of Bowel Sound Auscultation: A Prospective Evaluation. Journal of Surgical Education, 71(5), 768–773. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.02.003</ref> Wannan labarin yana ba da shawarar mayar da hankali ga wasu alamomi (tushe, zafi, tashin zuciya) maimakon. Babu wata shaidar bincike da ke tabbatar da alaƙar da aka ɗauka tsakanin sautin hanji da yanayin motsi na hanji. <ref>Massey RL. Return of bowel sounds indicating an end of postoperative ileus: is it time to cease this long-standing nursing tradition? Medsurg Nurs . 2012;21(3):146–150</ref> Har ila yau, mai jarrabawar yana sauraren jijiyoyi biyu na na koda don rashin sautin kwararar jini na rashin daidaituwa ta hanyar sauraren kowane yanki na sama, kusa da kuma sama da cibiya . Ƙunƙarar da aka ji a cikin epigastrium waɗanda aka keɓe ga systole ana ɗaukar al'ada. <ref name=":0">MD, Lynn B. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History-Taking, 11th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 11/2012.</ref> == Palpation == [[Fayil:Physical_examination_of_child,_age_15_months.jpeg|alt=Abdominal Exam.|thumb|351x351px| Gwajin ciki na yaro.]] Ya kamata mai jarrabawar ya fara magana da majiyyaci kuma ya bayyana abin da wannan ɓangaren gwajin zai ƙunsa.<ref name=":22" /> Shi ko ita za su rika tausasa duk wuraren tara na cikin mara lafiyan, da kuma lura da wuraren rashin jin daɗi, za su fara da tausasawa wuraren da babu ciwo. Ana yin wannan yawanci sau biyu, na farko tare da matsi mai haske sannan tare da matsi mai zurfi don gwada gabobin ciki. A kan ƙwanƙwasa haske, mai jarrabawar yana gwada kowane taro mai ɗaci, tauri, ko zafi a saman. A kan zurfin jin daɗi, mai jarrabawar yana gwada kowane organomegaly (ƙaramar gabobin.) Yawanci, likitancin yana neman haɓaka hanta da saifa ko kuma maras kyau a cikin hanji. Wani lokaci likita yakan nemi koda da mahaifa shima. Abubuwan da za su iya nuna pathology sun haɗa da: * Karewa: raunin tsoka yayin da ake matsa lamba. * Rigidity: yana nuna kumburin peritoneal. * Komawa: zafi akan saki. * Ciwon da ake magana: ciwon da aka samu daga wurin da ake murƙushewa. == Wasa == Ana iya yin bugun a cikin duka huɗun huɗun na ciki kuma yana iya bayyana martani mai raɗaɗi daga majiyyaci. A lokacin binciken ciki, bugun jini na iya ba da damar kimanta wurin da adadin iskar gas, mai wuya ko taushi, da kuma girman wasu gabobin, kamar hanta da safiya. Abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba na iya haɗawa da [[Sifa|splenomegaly]], hepatomegaly da riƙewar fitsari .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2022}} Organomegaly na hanta da kuma maƙarƙashiya za a iya godiya ta hanyar yin amfani da su a cikin wani nau'i na musamman: * Hepatomegaly ta hanyar bugun daga yankin iliac na dama zuwa hypochondrium na dama * Splenomegaly ta hanyar bugun daga yankin iliac na dama zuwa hypochondrium na dama da iliac na hagu zuwa hypochondrium na hagu. Gwajin ƙwayar cuta na iya bayyana alamar Castell ko kuma a madadin Traube's sarari . Sautunan da ba su da kyau a cikin ciki na iya ba da shawarar daukar ciki, ciwon daji na ovarian, mafitsara maras kyau, hepatomegaly ko splenomegaly. Lalacewa a kowane gefen ciki na iya ba da shawarar ascites . Wasu wurare na cikin ciki na iya yin sautin dusar ƙanƙara da ke nuna cewa za a iya samun wani ruwa ko [[Kashi|najasa]] . Za a iya godiya da dullness na hanta ta hanyar bugawa a gefen ƙananan ƙirjin dama sama da iyakar farashi . Ana iya jin daɗin sautin sautin kumfa na iska na ciki a gefen hagu. A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, lokacin da aka jujjuya gabobin jiki kamar yadda lamarin yake a yanayin da ake ciki, za a sa ran sautuna masu raɗaɗi a gefen dama da dushewar hanta a hagu. <ref name=":0">MD, Lynn B. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History-Taking, 11th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 11/2012.</ref> == Sauran gwaje-gwaje da motsa jiki na musamman == * Binciken nodes na pelvic pelvic * Gwajin duburar dijital kawai idan an nuna asibiti. * Gwajin mahaifa kawai idan an nuna asibiti. Hakanan ana iya yin motsi na musamman, don nuna alamun takamaiman cututtuka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rastogi |first=Vaibhav |last2=Singh |first2=Devina |last3=Tekiner |first3=Halil |last4=Ye |first4=Fan |last5=Kirchenko |first5=Nataliya |last6=Mazza |first6=Joseph J. |last7=Yale |first7=Steven H. |date=December 2018 |title=Abdominal Physical Signs and Medical Eponyms: Physical Examination of Palpation Part 1, 1876–1907 |journal=Clinical Medicine & Research |volume=16 |issue=3–4 |pages=83–91 |doi=10.3121/cmr.2018.1423 |issn=1539-4182 |pmc=6306141 |pmid=30166497 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rastogi |first=Vaibhav |last2=Singh |first2=Devina |last3=Tekiner |first3=Halil |last4=Ye |first4=Fan |last5=Mazza |first5=Joseph J. |last6=Yale |first6=Steven H. |date=1 June 2019 |title=Abdominal Physical Signs and Medical Eponyms: Part II. Physical Examination of Palpation, 1907–1926 |url=http://www.clinmedres.org/content/17/1-2/47.full.pdf+html |journal=Clinical Medicine & Research |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1–2 |pages=47–54 |doi=10.3121/cmr.2018.1426 |issn=1539-4182 |pmc=6546280 |pmid=31160480 |access-date=27 February 2021 |doi-access=free |archive-date=17 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517214406/http://www.clinmedres.org/content/17/1-2/47.full.pdf+html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da * Gallbladder mai kumburi: Alamar Murphy ** Yayin da ake jin zafi a ƙasan gefen ƙashin haƙarƙarin dama, majiyyaci yana jin zafi akan wahayi.<ref name=":22" /> * [[Appendicitis]] ko peritonitis : ** Alamar Psoas - jin zafi tare da tsawo na hip da kuma tayar da tsoka na psoas<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|title=Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract|last1=Fasen|first1=Geoffrey|last2=Schirmer|first2=Bruce|last3=Hedrick|first3=Traci L.|publisher=Elsevier, Inc.|location=ClinicalKey|pages=1951–1958|chapter=Appendix: Abdominal Exam}}</ref> ** Alamar obturator - zafi lokacin da ake tayar da tsokar obturator <ref name=":42" /> ** Alamar Rovsing - ciwo a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ciki na dama a kan palpation na gefen hagu na ciki<ref name=":42" /> ** Alamar McBurney - zurfin tausayi a wurin McBurney<ref name=":42" /> ** Alamar Carnett – zafi lokacin dagula tsokoki na bangon ciki ** [[Patafio's sign|Alamar Patafio]] - jin zafi lokacin da aka nemi mara lafiya yayi tari yayin da yake tayar da tsokar psoas ** Gwajin tari - zafi lokacin da aka nemi mara lafiya ya tari<ref name=":42" /> ** Valsalva maneuver - zafi lokacin da majiyyaci yayi ƙoƙarin fitar da ƙarfi yayin da suke rufe bakinsu da tsutsa hanci<ref name=":42" /> * Pyelonephritis da ake zargi: alamar naushi na Murphy * Hepatomegaly: gwajin hanta * [[Rosenbach's sign (hemiplegia)|Alamar Rosenbach]] - rashin reflex na ciki a gefe ɗaya na ciki a cikin hemiplegia na cerebral * Alamar Courvoisier - gallbladder mai ɗorewa a cikin marasa lafiya jaundiced saboda malignancy ko toshewa. * Alamar Boas - Ƙarar ƙwayar cuta zuwa hagu na 12th thoracic vertebrae a cikin cholelithiasis. * [[Krymov's sign|Krymov alama]] * [[Berthomier–Michelson's sign|Berthomier-Michelson ta alamar]] * alamar Blumberg * Alamar Haruna * [[Kocher–Volkovich's sign|Kocher-Volkovich alama]] * Alamar ƙaho goma * [[Baldwin's sign|Alamar Baldwin]] * Rosenstein alama * Alamar Fothergill * Ascites : ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, gwajin motsi na ruwa, rashin jin daɗi == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/abdomen.htm Gwajin ciki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831121928/https://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/abdomen.htm |date=2019-08-31 }} - jagora mai amfani ga likitancin asibiti daga Jami'ar California, San Diego . {{Physical exam}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rigakafi]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gwrfq6svoptzrpc1g15la13qqm6ihx1 0 89061 839178 594934 2026-05-22T21:27:01Z Laminu1 45108 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 839178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ostrov''' (Rashanci: О́стров, lit. tsibiri) birni ne, kuma cibiyar gudanarwa na yankin Ostrovsky a cikin yankin Pskov, Rasha, wanda ke kan kogin Velikaya, kilomita 55 (34 mi) kudu da Pskov, cibiyar gudanarwa na yankin. Yawan jama'a: 21,668 (Kidayar 2010);<ref>Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.</ref> 25,078  (Kidayar 2002);<ref>Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian)</ref> == Ilimin kalmar == Sunan garin, wanda ke nufin "tsibirin" a cikin harshen Rashanci, ya samo asali ne daga tsibirin da ke Velikaya, wanda aka gina sansanin Ostrov a kansa.<ref>Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 338. <nowiki>ISBN 5-7107-7399-9</nowiki>.</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ta a matsayin kagara a ƙarshen karni na 13 kuma aka fara ambata a cikin 1342.<ref>''Энциклопедия Города России''. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 338. ISBN <bdi>5-7107-7399-9</bdi>.</ref> Ya kasance muhimmin sansanin soja a cikin ƙarni na 15-16.<ref>''Энциклопедия Города России''. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 338. ISBN <bdi>5-7107-7399-9</bdi>.</ref> A cikin 1501 an ci shi da odar Livonian bayan yakin kogin Siritsa.<ref>''Энциклопедия Города России''. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 338. ISBN <bdi>5-7107-7399-9</bdi>.</ref> A cikin 1582 sojojin [[Poland]] na Jan Zamoyski suka kama shi.<ref>Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VII (in Polish). Warszawa. 1886. p. 704.</ref> A cikin aiwatar da sake fasalin gudanarwa da Peter Mai Girma ya yi a cikin 1708, an haɗa shi cikin Ingermanland Governorate (wanda aka sani tun 1710 a matsayin Gwamnan [[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]]). An ambaci Ostrov musamman a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin garuruwan da ke yin gwamna<ref>Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов (in Russian)</ref>. A cikin 1727, an raba Gwamnar Novgorod daban kuma a cikin 1772, Pskov Governorate (wanda tsakanin 1777 da 1796 ya kasance a matsayin Pskov Viceroyalty) an kafa shi. A cikin 1897, ƙabila ta hanyar harshen asali, kashi 80.1% na Rasha ne, 11.8% Yahudawa, 2.5% Jamusanci, 2.0% Polish, 1.7% Latvia.<ref>Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. XXXIV. 1904. pp. 48–51.</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == == Masana'anta == Tattalin arzikin Ostrov ya dogara ne akan abinci, lantarki, da masana'antu (5.4%).<ref>Экономика (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved July 11, 2012</ref> == Zirga-zirga == Titin jirgin kasa daga St. Petersburg ta Pskov zuwa Pytalovo da kuma kara zuwa Rēzekne a Latvia ya wuce Ostrov. A Latvia, yana ba da damar zuwa Riga da Vilnius (ta hanyar Daugavpils). Tun daga shekarar 2012, akwai zirga-zirgar fasinja a kan titin jirgin kasa. Babbar hanyar M20, wacce ta haɗu St. Petersburg da Vitebsk ta Pskov, ta wuce Ostrov kuma. Ostrov shine tashar arewa ta hanyar Turai E262, wacce ke zuwa Kaunas ta Rēzekne da Daugavpils. Hakanan akwai hanyoyin haɗin kai daga Ostrov arewa maso yamma zuwa Pechory ta hanyar Palmino, arewa maso gabas zuwa Porkhov, da kudu maso gabas zuwa Novorzhev, da kuma hanyoyin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Birane]] 6n6uq615hfnhfonxpy7z68sthytep3k 0 89239 839215 644815 2026-05-23T00:42:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839215 wikitext text/x-wiki A cikin harkokin kuɗi, rance shine kuɗin kuɗi daga wani ɓangare zuwa wani tare da yarjejeniya don biya shi. Mai karɓa, ko mai karɓar bashi, yana ɗaukar bashi kuma yawanci ana buƙatar biyan riba don amfani da kuɗin.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan]</ref> Takardar da ke tabbatar da bashin (misali, takardar shedar kuɗi) za ta ƙididdigewa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, babban adadin kuɗin da aka aro, adadin kuɗin ruwa da mai ba da lamuni ke caji, da ranar biya. Lamuni ya haɗa da sake fasalin kadarorin batun na wani lokaci, tsakanin mai ba da bashi da mai aro. Riba yana ba da kwarin gwiwa ga mai ba da bashi don shiga cikin lamuni. A cikin lamuni na doka, kowane ɗayan waɗannan wajibai da hane-hane ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar kwangila, wanda kuma zai iya sanya mai karɓar aro ƙarƙashin ƙarin hani da aka sani da alkawuran lamuni. Kodayake wannan labarin ya mayar da hankali kan lamunin kuɗi, a aikace, kowane abu na iya zama rance. Yin aiki a matsayin mai ba da lamuni na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan cibiyoyin kuɗi kamar bankuna da kamfanonin katin kuɗi. Ga sauran cibiyoyi, bayar da kwangilolin bashi kamar lamuni shine ainihin tushen kuɗi. == Nau'ukan == Ƙarin bayani: Lamuni mara takarda '''Amintacce''' Duba kuma: garantin lamuni Amintaccen rance wani nau'i ne na bashi wanda mai karɓar bashi ya yi alkawarin wani kadari (watau mota, gida) a matsayin jingina. Lamunin jinginar gida wani nau'in lamuni ne na gama gari, wanda mutane da yawa ke amfani da shi don siyan kadarori na zama ko na kasuwanci. Mai ba da lamuni, yawanci cibiyar kuɗi, ana ba da tsaro - jingina kan take ga kadarorin - har sai an biya jinginar gida gaba ɗaya. Dangane da lamunin gida, idan wanda ya ci bashin ya gaza biyan bashin, bankin yana da hakki a shari’a ya sake mallakar gidan ya sayar da shi, don dawo da kudaden da ake bin sa. Hakazalika, rancen da aka karɓa don siyan mota yana iya kasancewa da motar. Tsawon lokacin lamuni ya fi guntu - sau da yawa daidai da rayuwa mai amfani na mota. Akwai lamunin mota iri biyu, kai tsaye da kuma kaikaice. A cikin rancen mota kai tsaye, banki yana ba da rancen kuɗin kai tsaye ga mabukaci. A cikin lamunin mota kai tsaye, dillalin mota (ko kamfani mai haɗin gwiwa) yana aiki azaman tsaka-tsaki tsakanin banki ko cibiyar kuɗi da mabukaci. Sauran nau'o'in lamuni da aka amintattu sun haɗa da lamuni a kan abubuwan tsaro - kamar hannun jari, asusu, shaidu, da sauransu. Wannan kayan aikin musamman yana ba abokan ciniki layin bashi bisa ingancin amincin da aka yi alkawari. Ana bayar da lamunin zinari ga abokan ciniki bayan an kimanta adadi da ingancin gwal a cikin abubuwan da aka yi alkawari. Ƙungiyoyin kamfanoni kuma za su iya ɗaukar amintattun lamuni ta hanyar jingina kadarorin kamfanin, gami da kamfanin da kansa. Adadin riba don amintattun lamuni yawanci suna ƙasa da na lamuni marasa tsaro. Yawancin lokaci, cibiyar ba da lamuni tana ɗaukar mutane aiki (a kan lissafin ƙididdiga ko kan kwangila) don kimanta ingancin lamuni da aka yi alkawari kafin sanya rancen. '''Rashin tsaro''' Lamunin da ba a tabbatar da su ba rancen kuɗi ne waɗanda ba a tsare su a kan kadarorin mai karɓar ba. Ana iya samun waɗannan daga cibiyoyin kuɗi a ƙarƙashin nau'o'i daban-daban ko fakitin tallace-tallace: * Katin bashi * Lamuni na sirri * Kuɗin banki * Wuraren kiredit ko layukan kiredit * Haɗin kamfani (zai iya zama amintattu ko maras tsaro) * Bayar da ƙwazo-da-tsara Matsakaicin kudin ruwa da ake amfani da su ga waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban na iya bambanta dangane da mai ba da bashi da mai karɓar bashi. Doka ta tsara waɗannan ko ba za a iya tsara su ba. A cikin United Kingdom, lokacin da aka yi amfani da su ga daidaikun mutane, waɗannan na iya zuwa ƙarƙashin Dokar Kiredit na Abokin Ciniki 1974. Adadin riba akan lamunin da ba a tabbatar da shi ba kusan koyaushe yana sama sama da na amintattun lamuni saboda zaɓin mai ba da bashi mara tsaro don biyan bashi idan ya gaza yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lamuni, yana sa mai ba da lamuni ga babban haɗari idan aka kwatanta da wanda aka ci karo da shi don amintaccen lamuni. Dole ne mai ba da lamuni da ba shi da tsaro ya kai ƙarar wanda ya ci bashin, ya sami hukuncin kuɗi don karya kwangilar, sa’an nan kuma ya ci gaba da aiwatar da hukuncin a kan kadarorin wanda ya ci bashi (wato waɗanda ba a riga an yi alkawari ga masu ba da bashi ba). A cikin shari'ar rashin biyan kuɗi, masu ba da lamuni a al'adance suna da fifiko akan masu ba da bashi mara tsaro lokacin da kotu ta raba kadarorin mai karɓar. Don haka, ƙimar riba mafi girma tana nuna ƙarin haɗarin cewa a cikin yanayin rashin biyan kuɗi, bashin na iya zama wanda ba a iya karba ba. '''Bukatar''' Lamunin buƙatu lamuni ne na ɗan gajeren lokaci waɗanda galibi ba su da ƙayyadaddun kwanakin da za a biya. Madadin haka, lamunin neman lamuni yana ɗaukar adadin riba mai iyo, wanda ya bambanta bisa ga babban adadin lamuni ko wasu ƙayyadaddun sharuddan kwangila. Ana iya kiran lamunin buƙatu don biya ta cibiyar ba da lamuni a kowane lokaci.Bukatar lamuni na iya zama marar tsaro ko amintacce. '''Tallafin''' Lamuni da aka ba da tallafi rance ne wanda aka rage riba a kansa ta hanyar tallafin bayyane ko boye. A cikin yanayin lamuni na kwaleji a Amurka, yana nufin rancen da ba a samun riba a kai yayin da ɗalibi ya ci gaba da yin rajista a cikin ilimi. '''Mai rangwame''' Lamuni mai rangwame, wani lokaci ana kiransa "lamun mai laushi", ana ba da shi akan sharuɗɗan da ya fi karimci fiye da lamunin kasuwa ko dai ta hanyar ƙimar riba ta ƙasa-kasuwa, ta lokacin alheri, ko haɗin duka biyun. Irin waɗannan rancen gwamnatocin ƙasashen waje za su iya ba wa ƙasashe masu tasowa ko kuma a iya ba wa ma'aikatan cibiyoyin ba da lamuni a matsayin fa'idar ma'aikata (wani lokaci ana kiran su da fa'ida). == Kasuwannin manufa == Hakanan za'a iya rarraba lamuni bisa ga ko mai bin bashi mutum ne (mabukaci) ko kasuwanci. '''Na sirri''' Duba kuma: Kiredit (kudi) § Kiredit na abokin ciniki Lamunin lamuni na yau da kullun sun haɗa da lamunin jinginar gida, lamunin mota, layukan kuɗi na gida, katunan kuɗi, lamunin ƙira, da lamunin ranar biya. Makin kiredit na mai karɓar bashi shine babban sashi a cikin rubutowa da ƙimar riba (APR) na waɗannan lamuni. Ana iya rage biyan lamuni na kowane wata ta hanyar zabar sharuɗɗan biyan kuɗi masu tsayi, amma gabaɗayan ribar da aka biya shima yana ƙaruwa. Ana iya samun lamuni na sirri daga bankuna, madadin (marasa banki), masu ba da lamuni na kan layi da masu ba da lamuni masu zaman kansu. '''Kasuwanci''' Babban labarin: Lamunin kasuwanci Lamuni ga 'yan kasuwa sun yi kama da na sama amma kuma sun haɗa da jinginar gidaje na kasuwanci da haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni da lamuni da gwamnati ta ba da tabbacin Rubutu ba ta dogara ne akan ƙimar kiredit ba amma maimakon ƙimar ƙima. == Biyan lamuni == Mafi yawan nau'in biyan lamuni na yau da kullun shine cikakken biyan kuɗi wanda kowane kowane wata yana da ƙima iri ɗaya akan lokaci. Ƙididdigar biyan kuɗi na wata-wata P na rancen L na watanni n da adadin ribar wata-wata c shine: [[Fayil:The new calculation..svg|alt=The new calculation|thumb|The new calculation]] Don ƙarin bayani, duba lamuni na wata-wata ko biyan jinginar gida. == Cin zarafi a cikin rance == Bayar da lamuni na cin zarafi ɗaya ne a cikin bayar da lamuni. Yawanci ya shafi bayar da lamuni ne domin sanya wanda ya ci bashi a matsayin da mutum zai iya cin gajiyar su; Bayar da lamuni na ƙasa da bayar da lamuni na ranar biya misalai biyu ne, inda mai ba da bashi ba shi da izini ko tsari, ana iya ɗaukar mai ba da lamuni a matsayin shark rance. Riba wani nau'in cin zarafi ne na daban, inda mai ba da lamuni ke tuhumar riba mai yawa. A cikin lokuta daban-daban da al'adu daban-daban, ƙimar ribar da aka yarda da ita ta bambanta, daga babu riba kwata-kwata kamar yadda yake cikin rubutun littafi mai tsarki, zuwa ƙimar riba mara iyaka. Kamfanonin katin kiredit a wasu ƙasashe ƙungiyoyin mabukaci na zargin su da bada rance akan ribar riba da kuma samun kuɗi daga “karin caje-jajen”. Haka kuma zagi na iya faruwa ta hanyar damfarar abokin ciniki ta hanyar cin bashi ba tare da niyyar biyan lamunin ba. == Haraji na Amurka == Yawancin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin da ke tafiyar da yadda ake kula da lamuni don dalilai na haraji a Amurka an tsara su ne ta Majalisa (Lambar Harajin Cikin Gida) da Sashen Baitulmali (Dokokin Baitul-mali - wani saitin dokoki waɗanda ke fassara Lambobin Harajin Cikin Gida). # Lamuni ba babban abin shiga ba ne ga wanda ya ci bashi:   Tun da mai karbar bashi yana da wajibcin biyan lamunin, wanda ya ci bashi ba shi da damar samun dukiya. # Mai ba da rancen ba zai iya cire (daga yawan kuɗin da ya samu ba) adadin lamuni: Dalilin a nan shi ne cewa kadari ɗaya (kuɗin) an canza shi zuwa wata kadara ta daban (alƙawarin biya):  Ragewa ba a yawanci samuwa lokacin da abin da aka kashe ke aiki don ƙirƙirar sabuwar ko wata kadara. # Adadin da aka biya don biyan wajibcin lamuni ba za a cire shi ba (daga yawan kuɗin shiga na kansa) ta mai karɓar. # Bayar da lamuni ba shine babban kuɗin shiga ga mai ba da lamuni ba: A zahiri, alƙawarin biyan kuɗi yana mayar da shi zuwa tsabar kuɗi, ba tare da samun dukiya daga mai ba da lamuni ba. # Ribar da ake biya ga mai ba da lamuni yana cikin babban abin shigar mai ba da lamuni: Ribar da ake biya tana neman diyya ta amfani da kudin ko kadarorin mai ba da lamuni don haka yana riba ko shiga. dukiya ga mai ba da lamuni:  Ana iya samun samun kudin shiga ga masu ba da bashi koda kuwa mai ba da bashi baya cajin mafi yawan riba. # Ba za a iya cire ribar da aka biya ga mai ba da lamuni ba: Gabaɗaya, ribar da ake biya dangane da harkokin kasuwanci na mai karɓar bashi ba za a cire shi ba, yayin da ribar da ake biya a lamunin mutum ba za a cire shi ba: Babban banda. Anan an biya riba akan jinginar gida. '''Kudin shiga daga zubar da bashi''' Duk da cewa rance ba ya farawa a matsayin kudin shiga ga wanda ya ci bashi, amma ya zama kudin shiga ga wanda ya ci bashi idan an cire mai bashi daga bashi. daidai da adadin bashi. Lambar Harajin Harajin Cikin Gida ta lissafta "Kudaden shiga daga Fitar da Bashi" a Sashe na 61(a)(12) a matsayin tushen babban kudin shiga. Misali: X yana bin Y $50,000. Idan Y ya sauke bashin, to X baya bin Y $50,000. Don dalilai na ƙididdige kudin shiga, ana bi da wannan kamar yadda Y ya ba X $50,000. Don ƙarin bayani game da "cirar bashi", duba Sashe na 108 (Cancellation-of-debt samun kudin shiga) na Lambobin Harajin Cikin Gida. == Duba kuma == * [https://researchwap.com/banking-and-finance/prXrTMKf5nJfsI Yarjejeniyar lamuni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209224731/https://researchwap.com/banking-and-finance/prXrTMKf5nJfsI |date=2024-12-09 }} * [https://getfinhacks.com/category/loans/ Lamuni da riba a addinin Yahudanci] * [https://getfinhacks.com/biden-student-loan-debt-relief/ Lamunin dalibi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113012214/https://getfinhacks.com/biden-student-loan-debt-relief/ |date=2024-11-13 }} 9uvx8fvnqezzo0f486wn05rsqc7xrzq 0 89965 839139 578639 2026-05-22T20:36:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aït Si Saïd''' ƙauye ne a lardin Boumerdès a cikin Kabylie, [[Aljeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beni Amrane (Boumerdès): 3 ans pour réparer une route |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/501418}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Boumerdès : Les villages oubliés |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/105340 |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2022-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124183349/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/105340 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wuri == Ƙauyen yana kewaye da Kogin Isser da garin Beni Amrane a wuraren tsaunukan ''Khachna.'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etat des lieux, trois ans après le séisme |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/40015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2020 |title=عمال: سكان قرية آيت سي سعيد يطالبون بتهيئة الطريق |url=https://tsboumerdes.com/?p=2961 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=بومرداس/ طرقات قرى شعبة العامر بحاجة إلى تهيئة |url=https://www.djazairess.com/djazairnews/1098}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Ƙauyuka a Aljeriya]] 4x2l7fouscgegiw81xg494rtoi0iiqe 0 89967 839226 562990 2026-05-23T03:29:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Beni Arab''' ƙauye ne a lardin Boumerdès a Kabylie, [[Aljeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Béni Arab (Thenia) : Détresse d'une localité oubliée |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/133633}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Boumerdès: Des villageois protestent à Thénia |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/190417}}</ref> == Wuri == Kauyen yana kewaye da [[Keddache River|Kogin Keddache]] da garuruwan [[Thénia|Thenia]] da Zemmouri a wuraren tsaunukan ''Khachna''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=الحنفيات جافة و الطرقات في حالة كارثية بقرية "بني عراب" |url=https://www.djazairess.com/akhbarelyoum/14971}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=تلاميذ مدارس قرى و مداشر بومرداس ينتظرون رفع عنهم الغبن |url=https://www.djazairess.com/akhersaa/32458 |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229091616/https://www.djazairess.com/akhersaa/32458 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=مشاريع تنموية بقرى بلدية الثنية |url=https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/156917 |access-date=2024-12-29 |archive-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115011503/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/156917 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Wannan ƙauyen an gudanar da abubuwan masu daɗaɗɗen tarihi da yawa: *[[Expedition of the Col des Beni Aïcha]] (1837) *[[Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha]] (1871) ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Ƙauyuka a Aljeriya]] t8ux1iqnegwzd8fnsbqk5jct8g96zgi 0 93756 839119 788855 2026-05-22T20:01:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Laundry-Lady-in-Mai-Chau,-Vietnam.jpg|thumb|Ayyukan da ba a ganuwa galibi mata da 'yan tsiraru ne ke yin su.]] Aikin da ba a ganuwa shine ra'ayi na [[Falsafa|falsafar]], zamantakewa, da [[tattalin arziki]] wanda ke amfani da aikin da ba a gani ba, mara daraja ko maras daraja, kuma sau da yawa ana rage shi kamar ba shi da mahimmanci, duk da muhimmiyar rawar da yake takawa wajen tallafawa aikin wuraren aiki, iyalai, ƙungiyoyi, da ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Emily Hodgson |date=2022-04-16 |title=Invisible Labor, Invisible Hands |url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/invisible-labor-invisible-hands/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Los Angeles Review of Books}}</ref> Arlene Kaplan Daniels ce ta kirkiro kalmar a cikin shekarun 1980.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hatton |first=Erin |date=April 2017 |title=Mechanisms of invisibility: rethinking the concept of invisible work |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0950017016674894 |journal=Work, Employment and Society |language=en |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=336–351 |doi=10.1177/0950017016674894 |issn=0950-0170}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Daniels |first=Arlene Kaplan |date=December 1987 |title=Invisible Work |url=https://academic.oup.com/socpro/article-lookup/doi/10.2307/800538 |journal=Social Problems |volume=34 |issue=5 |pages=403–415 |doi=10.2307/800538}}</ref> An yi amfani da kalmar ga malamai, <ref name="Gordon 285–296">{{Cite journal |last=Gordon |first=Hava Rachel |last2=Willink |first2=Kate |last3=Hunter |first3=Keeley |date=June 2024 |title=Invisible labor and the associate professor: Identity and workload inequity. |url=https://doi.apa.org/doi/10.1037/dhe0000414 |journal=Journal of Diversity in Higher Education |language=en |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=285–296 |doi=10.1037/dhe0000414 |issn=1938-8934}}</ref> masana kimiyya, masu fassara, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kunreuther |first=Laura |last2=Rao |first2=Sonya |date=2023-10-23 |title=The Invisible Labor and Ethics of Interpreting |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-anthro-052721-091752 |journal=Annual Review of Anthropology |language=en |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=239–256 |doi=10.1146/annurev-anthro-052721-091752 |issn=0084-6570 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ma'aikatan jira, sakatariyoyi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wichroski |first=Mary |date=March 1994 |title=The Secretary: Invisible Labor in the Workworld of Women |url=https://meridian.allenpress.com/human-organization/article/53/1/33/72501/The-Secretary-Invisible-Labor-in-the-Workworld-of |journal=Human Organization |language=en |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=33–41 |doi=10.17730/humo.53.1.a1205g53j7334631 |issn=0018-7259 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da mata a cikin gida, <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ciciolla |first=Lucia |last2=Luthar |first2=Suniya S. |date=October 2019 |title=Invisible Household Labor and Ramifications for Adjustment: Mothers as Captains of Households |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11199-018-1001-x |journal=Sex Roles |language=en |volume=81 |issue=7-8 |pages=467–486 |doi=10.1007/s11199-018-1001-x |issn=0360-0025 |pmc=8223758 |pmid=34177072}}</ref> waɗanda ke ɗaukar mafi yawan aikin da ba a ganuwa dangane da tsaftacewa, tsarawa, da shirya. [5] <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Amit |date=December 2022 |title="Just Let it Pass by and it Will Fall on Some Woman": Invisible Work in the Labor Market |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08912432221128544 |journal=Gender & Society |language=en |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=838–868 |doi=10.1177/08912432221128544 |issn=0891-2432 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ko da lokacin da ake amfani da mata daidai, har yanzu suna da alhakin mafi yawan aikin da ba a ganuwa, gami da aikin fahimta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Piñon |first=Natasha |date=2020-09-11 |title=Invisible labor is real, and it hurts: What you need to know |url=https://mashable.com/article/what-is-invisible-labor |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Mashable |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Daminger |first=Allison |date=August 2019 |title=The Cognitive Dimension of Household Labor |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0003122419859007 |journal=American Sociological Review |language=en |volume=84 |issue=4 |pages=609–633 |doi=10.1177/0003122419859007 |issn=0003-1224}}</ref> Ayyukan da ba a gani ba suna da tasiri ga lafiyar hankali, jiki, da tunanin waɗanda ke yin hakan, <ref>{{Cite web |last=D’Ardenne |first=Kimberlee |title=Invisible labor can negatively impact well-being in mothers |url=https://news.asu.edu/20190122-discoveries-asu-study-invisible-labor-can-negatively-impact-well-being-mothers |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=ASU News |language=en}}</ref> kuma yana nuna ci gaba da ƙarfin iko da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin waɗanda aikinsu 'ya ƙidaya' da waɗanda aikinsu ya kasance 'ba a gani ba.' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalita |first=S. Mitra |date=2023-09-26 |title=How to End the Unfairness of Invisible Work |url=https://time.com/charter/6317237/how-to-end-the-unfairness-of-invisible-work/ |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Time |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919145544/https://time.com/charter/6317237/how-to-end-the-unfairness-of-invisible-work/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyukan da aka gani kuma sun fada cikin rashin daidaituwa a kan kungiyoyin da aka ware a matsayin dalilin kabilanci ko wasu halaye, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Flaherty |first=Colleen |title=Undue Burden |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/06/04/whos-doing-heavy-lifting-terms-diversity-and-inclusion-work |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Inside Higher Ed |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Gordon 285–296"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=2017 |title=The Burden of Invisible Work in Academia: Social Inequalities and Time Use in Five University Departments |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/90007882 |journal=Humboldt Journal of Social Relations |volume=39 |pages=228–245 |issn=0160-4341}}</ref> har zuwa wannan batu an kira shi "haɗin al'adu".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brahm |first=Nikki |date=2023-04-18 |title=Invisible Labor |url=https://www.insightintodiversity.com/invisible-labor/ |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Insight Into Diversity |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen magance aikin da ba a ganuwa sun haɗa da amincewa da haɓaka ganuwa, rarraba ayyuka daidai, aiwatar da manufofi waɗanda ke ganewa ko rage irin wannan aikin, ƙalubalanci bambancin jinsi da matsayi na launin fata, da kuma ba da ƙimar tattalin arziki ga aikin da ba'a biya shi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What 'Invisible Work' Looks Like in the 21st Century {{!}} Psychology Today |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/our-invisible-work/202406/what-invisible-work-looks-like-in-the-21st-century |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.psychologytoday.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reducing and Redistributing Unpaid Work: Stronger Policies to Support Gender Equality |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2019/10/15/Reducing-and-Redistributing-Unpaid-Work-Stronger-Policies-to-Support-Gender-Equality-48688 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=IMF |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Howard |first=Jeffrey |title=Breaking Gender Stereotypes: Encouraging Participation in Non-Traditional Roles |url=https://www.inclusionhub.com/articles/breaking-gender-stereotypes-encouraging-participation-in-non-traditional-roles |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=www.inclusionhub.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-28 |title=Gender equality and inclusive growth: Economic policies to achieve sustainable development |url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2019/01/gender-equality-and-inclusive-growth |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=UN Women – Headquarters |language=en}}</ref> Manufar ta ci gaba da tasiri ga maganganun jama'a ta hanyar littattafai da fina-finai. Fasahar ba ta rage aikin da ba a ganuwa ba, duk da tsammanin ko alkawuran da za ta yi. == Duba kuma == * Ayyukan fahimta * Ayyukan haifuwa * Ayyukan kulawa * Ayyukan inuwa * Nauyi biyu * Tattalin arzikin mata * Matsayin jinsi * Matsayin ilimi * Rashin lafiya * Rufin gilashi * Ka'idar matsayi * Rashin kulawa * Aikin motsin rai == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 379tm2a2esmqsw9mgfkumgtokhot20t 0 93996 839078 718708 2026-05-22T18:43:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Aura Garrido</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Premios_Goya_2019_-_Aura_Garrido.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Garrido a 33rd Goya Awards a cikin 2019</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Aura Garrido Sánchez</div><br /><span style="display:none"> </span> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1989-05-29</span>)</span> 29 ga Mayu 1989 (<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (shekaru 35) &nbsp;</span>) <br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Madrid]], Spain</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data role" |'Yar wasan kwaikwayo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shekaru masu aiki&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |2009-ya zuwa yanzu |} '''Aura Garrido Sánchez''' (An haife ta a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1989) 'yar fim ce kuma 'yar wasan talabijin ta Spain. Ta fito a fina-finai kamar ''Stockholm'' da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin El ministerio del tiempo . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Garrido a [[Madrid]] a shekara ta 1989. <ref name="La Vanguardia Aura">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2013 |title=Aura Garrido recibirá el viernes el Premio Fantrobia del Festival de cine fantástico de Bilbao-FANT |url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/local/pais-vasco/20130508/54373917576/aura-garrido-recibira-el-viernes-el-premio-fantrobia-del-festival-de-cine-fantastico-de-bilbao-fant.html |access-date=1 April 2015 |publisher=Diario La Vanguardia |language=Spanish}}</ref> Mahaifinta Tomás Garrido mawaƙi ne kuma mai gudanar da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, kuma mahaifiyarta, Pilar Sánchez, mai zane ce.<ref name="La Vanguardia Aura" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2016 |title=Biografía de Aura Garrido |url=http://www.zeleb.es/c/biografia-de-aura-garrido}}</ref>Ta dauki darussan piano na farko lokacin da take 'yar shekara huɗu, kuma ba da daɗewa ba, ta fara yin wasan ballet.<ref name="La Vanguardia Aura" /> Tana magana da Turanci godiya ga samun aboki mafi kyau mai magana da Ingilishi da ke girma. Bayan kammala karatunta na makarantar sakandare, ta shiga Real Escuela Superior de Arte Dramático, a Madrid, ta ɗauki fassara har zuwa shekara ta uku, ta ƙware a fassarar rubutu, amma ta fita a cikin 2010 saboda an jefa ta don fim ɗin Plans for Tomorrow . <ref name="La Vanguardia Aura"/> Wannan rawar ta ba ta Silver Biznaga don Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin da kuma gabatarwa ga Kyautar Goya don Mafi Kyawu Sabon Mataimakin .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palmarés del Festival de Málaga - Sección oficial - |url=http://mas.laopiniondemalaga.es/canales/festival-cine-malaga/2010/04/palmares-del-festival-de-malaga.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010114012/http://mas.laopiniondemalaga.es/canales/festival-cine-malaga/2010/04/palmares-del-festival-de-malaga.html |archive-date=2010-10-10 |access-date=2016-05-21}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:INNOCENT_KILLERS_actress_Aura_Garrido.jpg|right|thumb|Garrido a bikin fina-finai na Miami na masu kisan kai''Masu Kisan Kai marasa laifi'']] A shekara ta 2010 ta sami babban rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Telecinco La pecera de Eva . Daga baya, ta ci gaba da aikinta a cikin ƙaramin allo, kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na Ángel o demonio, Crematorio da Imperium.Ta koma ''Jikin'' a cikin fina-finai tare da ƙananan matsayi biyu a cikin Promoción fantasma (2012) da El cuerpo, (2012). A shekara ta 2013 ta yi fice a ''Stockholm'' . Don rawar da ta taka, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Sant Jordi da lambar yabo daga Círculo de Escritores Cinematográficos, kuma an zabi ta a cikin mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Goya Awards, <ref name="ElPais Aura">{{cite news|title=Aura Garrido: "La inestabilidad es lo normal para los artistas"|newspaper=El País |date=21 June 2014 |url=http://ccaa.elpais.com/ccaa/2014/06/21/valencia/1403363383_469565.html|publisher=Diario El País}}</ref> Feroz Awards da Forqué Awards.<ref name="ElPais Aura" /> A cikin shekarar 2014, a talabijin kuma, ta shiga cikin miniseries Hermanos kuma ta yi fim ɗin Las aventuras del Capitán Alatriste kodayake ba a watsa shi ba har zuwa 2015. Daga 2015 zuwa 2017, ta buga Amelia Folch a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Televisión Española, El Ministerio del Tiempo . == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim === <!--{{pending films key}}--> {| class="wikitable" |+ Films |- ! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | {{center|2010}} || ''[[Plans for Tomorrow (film)|Planes para mañana]]'' (''Plans for Tomorrow'') | Mónica | | align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/plans-for-tomorrow-1117944153/|first=Jonathan|last=Holland|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title=Plans for Tomorrow|date=5 December 2010}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2 align = "center" | 2012 |''[[Ghost Graduation|Promoción fantasma]]'' (''Ghost Graduation'') | Elsa | || align = "center" | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20111124/rtvees-ofrece-trailer-promocion-fantasma-comedia-juvenil-elemento-fantastico/477774.shtml|website=[[rtve.es]]|date=24 November 2011|title=» Noticias » Cultura RTVE.es te ofrece en exclusiva el tráiler de 'Promoción Fantasma', una comedia fantástica}}</ref> |- |''[[The Body (2012 film)|El cuerpo]]'' (''The Body'') | Carla Miller | | align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.com.mx/noticia/b49345/llega-a-las-salas-de-cine-filme-de-suspenso-el-cuerpo/|website=20minutos.mx|title=Llega a las salas de cine filme de suspenso "El cuerpo"|date=16 August 2013}}</ref> |- | rowspan=3 align = "center" | 2013 |''[[The Wishful Thinkers|Los ilusos]]'' (''The Wishful Thinkers'') | Sofía | || align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/wishful-thinkers-los-ilusos-london-649468/#!|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=18 October 2013|first=Jonathan|last=Holland|title=The Wishful Thinkers (Los ilusos): London Review}}</ref> |- |''[[Stockholm (2013 film)|Stockholm]]'' | She | || align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/stockholm-film-review-658108/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=20 November 2013|first=Jonathan|last=Holland|title=Stockholm: Film Review}}</ref> |- |''{{ill|Viral (2013 film)|es|Viral (película)|lt=Viral}}'' || Lucía || || align = "center" | <ref name="bekia" /> |- | align = "center" rowspan = "2" | 2015 || ''[[Vulcania (film)|Vulcania]]'' || Marta || || align = "center" | <ref name="bekia" /> |- | ''[[Innocent Killers|Asesinos inocentes]]'' (''Innocent Killers'') || Nuria Abreu || || align = "center" | <ref name="bekia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bekia.es/television/noticias/carrera-aura-garrido-5-anos-despues-final-serie-crematorio/|website=Bekia|title=La carrera de Aura Garrido 5 años después del final de la serie 'Crematorio'|date=29 April 2016|first=Laura|last=Catalán}}</ref> |- | align = "center" | 2016 |''[[The Reconquest|La reconquista]]'' (''The Reconquest'') |Clara | | align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/criticas/la-reconquista-66660/|website=[[Cinemanía]]|first=Andrea G.|last=Bermejo|via=[[20minutos.es]]|date=27 September 2016|title=La reconquista}}</ref> |- |rowspan=2 align = "center" | 2017 | ''[[The Mist and the Maiden|La niebla y la doncella]]'' (''The Mist and the Maiden'') |Virginia Chamorro | || align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/metropoli/cine/2017/08/31/59a7c398ca4741b1228b4614.html|website=Metrópoli|via=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=31 August 2017|title=La niebla y la doncella: los asesinatos nunca caducan...|first=Javier|last=Estrada}}</ref> |- |''[[Cold Skin (film)|Cold Skin]]'' | Aneris | | align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/cold-skin-review-1202884365/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Dennis|last=Harvey|date=26 July 2018|title=Film Review: 'Cold Skin'}}</ref> |- |rowspan=2 align = "center" | 2018 | ''[[The Warning (2018 film)|El aviso]]'' (''The Warning'') | Lucía || | align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecartelera.com/noticias/45740/aura-garrido-belen-cuesta-entrevista-el-aviso/|website=ecartelera|title=Aura Garrido: "En 'El aviso' he salido de mi zona de confort"|date=23 March 2018|first=Ana|last=García}}</ref> |- | ''[[Solo (2018 Spanish film)|Solo]]'' | Ona | || align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/3402748/0/solo-pelicula-sobrevivir-empezar-nuevo/|website=[[20minutos.es]]|date=24 July 2018|title='Solo', una película donde sobrevivir significa poder empezar de nuevo|first=Alicia G.|last=Arribas}}</ref> |- |rowspan=2 align = "center" | 2019 | ''[[The Goya Murders|El asesino de los caprichos]]'' (''The Goya Murders'') | Eva González | | align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/noticias-cine/a29116962/el-asesino-de-los-caprichos-avance-fecha-de-estreno/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|date=19 September 2019|first=Juan|last=Silvestre|title= 'El asesino de los caprichos': Maribel Verdú y Aura Garrido, cara a cara en este clip exclusivo}}</ref> |- |''[[Twin Murders: The Silence of the White City|El silencio de la ciudad blanca]]'' (''El silencio de la ciudad blanca'') |Estíbaliz Ruiz de Gauna | | align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.noticiasdealava.eus/cultura/2019/10/20/kraken-despliega-tentaculos/470554.html|website=Noticias de Álava|date=20 October 2019|title='Kraken' despliega sus tentáculos|first=Carlos|last=González}}</ref> |- | align = "center" | 2020 || ''[[Valley of the Dead (film)|Malnazidos]]'' (''Valley of the Dead'') || Matacuras || || align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.es/play/cine/noticias/abci-malnazidos-apocalipsis-zombie-durante-guerra-civil-202010081616_noticia.html|website=abcplay|publisher=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]|title="Malnazidos", apocalipsis zombie durante la Guerra Civil|date=9 October 2020|first=Mariló|last=García}}</ref> |- | rowspan = "2" align = "center" | 2023 || ''[[Someone Who Takes Care of Me|Alguien que cuide de mí]]'' (''Someone Who Takes Care of Me'') || Nora || || align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcorreo.com/butaca/en-rodaje/alguien-cuide-debut-20220520192338-ntrc.html|website=[[El Correo]]|title='Alguien que cuide de mí', el debut tras la cámara de Elvira Lindo|date=20 May 2022}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | ''[[Amanece (film)|Amanece]]'' || Alba || || align = "center" | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/sevilla/20211109/7850099/actriz-aura-garrido-encabeza-reparto-amanece-opera-prima-director-juan-francisco-viruega.html|website=[[La Vanguardia]]|date=9 November 2021|title=La actriz Aura Garrido encabeza al reparto 'Amanece', la ópera prima del director Juan Francisco Viruega}}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | rowspan = "2" | {{center|2024}} || ''[[Stories (film)|Historias]]'' (''Stories'') || || || {{center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.ign.com/movies/202171/news/historias-la-emotiva-pelicula-de-paco-sepulveda-anuncia-su-fecha-de-estreno-en-cines|website=[[ign.com]]|title=Historias, la emotiva película de Paco Sepúlveda, anuncia su fecha de estreno en cines|date=19 April 2024|first=Raquel|last=Morales}}</ref>}} |- | ''[[Daniela Forever]]'' || Teresa || || {{center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[IndieWire]]|url=https://www.indiewire.com/criticism/movies/daniela-forever-review-henry-golding-nacho-vigalondo-1235045751/|title=‘Daniela Forever’ Review: Henry Golding Retreats to His Dreams in Sci-Fi Romantic Drama|date=9 September 2024|first=Jordain|last=Searles}}</ref>}} |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable" |+Talabijin !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- | align="center" |2009 |''Fisika ko sinadarai'' |Erica |Abubuwa 4 |- | align="center" |2009 |''Ba zato ba tsammani, Gómez'' |Silvia |Abubuwa 10 |- | align="center" |2010 |''Gidan kifi na Hauwa'u'' |Esther | |- | align="center" |2011 |''Mala'ika ko shaidan'' |Valeria | | align="center" |<ref name="bekia"/> |- | align="center" |2011 |''Gidan cin wuta'' |Miriam Mullor | | align="center" |<ref name="bekia" /> |- | align="center" |2012 |''Daular'' |Cora |Abubuwa 6 |- | align="center" |2014 |''<nowiki/>'Yan uwa'' |Pilar Yagüe | | align="center" |<ref name="bekia" /> |- | align="center" |2015 |''Labaran Kyaftin Alatriste'' |Inés de Castro |Abubuwa 13 |- | align="center" |2015 |''Uwargidan da ke kula da shi'' |Cecile | |- | align="center" |2015 |''Victor Ros'' |Lucía Alonso |1 Kashi (Babi na 3) |- | align="center" |2015–17 |''Ma'aikatar Lokaci'' |Amelia Folch | | align="center" |<ref name="bekia" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Aura Garrido se despide de 'El Ministerio del Tiempo' |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/television/series-tv/2017-07-07/aura-garrido-amelia-se-despide-el-ministerio-del-tiempo-tve_1411561/ |website=[[El Confidencial]]}}</ref> |- | align="center" |2016 |''Mahaifin Kayinu'' |Begoña |Ministoci | align="center" |<ref name="a451">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2016 |title='El padre de Caín' – estreno 6 de diciembre en Telecinco |url=https://www.audiovisual451.com/el-padre-de-cain-estreno-6-de-diciembre-en-telecinco/ |website=Audiovisual451}}</ref> |- | align="center" |2018 |''Ranar gobe'' |Carme Román |Ministoci | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Álvarez |first=Inés |date=20 June 2018 |title='El día de mañana', una serie generacional en la Barcelona tardofranquista |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/tele/20180620/el-dia-de-manana-una-serie-generacional-en-la-barcelona-de-los-60-y-70-6895469 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]]}}</ref> |- | align="center" |2021 |Mai laifi (The Innocent) |Olivia Costa | | align="center" |<ref name="vertele">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2021 |title=La serie 'El inocente' ya tiene fecha y lanza su primer tráiler con Mario Casas, José Coronado y Aura Garrido |url=https://vertele.eldiario.es/noticias/La-serie-El-Inocente-ya-tiene-fecha-estreno-primer-trailer-Mario-Casas-Jose-Coronado-Aura-Garrido_2_2319688010.html |website=Vertele! |publisher=[[eldiario.es]]}}</ref> |- | align="center" |2022 |''Wani Al'amari na sirri'' |Marina Quiroga | | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2022 |title=Un asunto privado, la nueva serie de Aura Garrido y Jean Reno para Amazon Prime Video |url=https://www.elmundo.es/television/series/2022/06/14/62a86889fdddff5cab8b45bc.html |website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]}}</ref> |- |{{Center|2024}} |''Wuri Mai Tsarki'' |Kwarin | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/vertele/noticias/atresplayer-sorprende-estreno-santuario-nueva-serie-aura-garrido-llegara-navidad_1_11854254.html|website=vertele!|via=[[eldiario.es]]|title=Atresplayer sorprende con el estreno de 'Santuario', su nueva serie con Aura Garrido que llegará por Navidad|date=26 November 2024}}</ref>}} |} == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == {| class="wikitable" |+Gidan wasan kwaikwayo !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Gidan wasan kwaikwayo |- |2012 |''Lokacin da ka ƙidaya har zuwa 3'' | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Calle 13 |- |2013 |''Lokacin hunturu a cikin Barrio Rojo'' | |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mutanen Espanya |- |} == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |{{Center|2010}} |{{Sort|Malaga Film Festival 13|13th [[Málaga Film Festival]]}} |Silver Biznaga don Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin | rowspan="4" |''Shirye-shiryen Gobe''| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/festival-de-malaga/a395411/rabia-de-sebastian-cordero-gana-la-biznaga-de-oro-en-malaga/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|date=24 April 2010|title="Rabia", de Sebastián Cordero, gana la Biznaga de Oro en Málaga}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|2011}} |Medals na 66 na CECMedals na CEC |Sabon Sabon Mafi Kyau| {{Nom}} |- |{{Sort|Goya 25|[[25th Goya Awards]]}} |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actress| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/924799/0/premios/goya/2011/|website=[[20minutos.es]]|date=11 January 2011|title=Lista de ganadores de los Premios Goya 2011}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Actors and Actresses Union 20|[[20th Actors and Actresses Union Awards]]}} |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actress| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]]|title=La Unión de Actores entregará sus premios el 31 de octubre|date=6 October 2011|url=https://sevilla.abc.es/20111006/cultura/abci-premiosuinon-201110061558.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.farodevigo.es/sociedad/2011/11/01/bardem-sonsoles-benedicto-premiados-union-17713882.html|website=[[Faro de Vigo]]|date=1 November 2011|title=Bardem y Sonsoles Benedicto, premiados por la Unión de Autores}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2013}} |{{Sort|Malaga Film Festival 16|16th [[Málaga Film Festival]]}} |Silver Biznaga don Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo |''Stockholm''| {{Won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Candela Peña]] for ''Yesterday Never Ends''}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/palmares-del-festival-de-malaga-2013-10583/|website=[[Cinemanía]]|date=27 April 2013|title=Palmarés del Festival de Málaga 2013}}</ref>}} |- |Kyautar Neon Fan ta biyu |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Mutanen Espanya |''Jikin''|| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="7" |{{Center|2014}} |Kyautar Forqué ta 19Kyaututtuka na Forqué |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo | rowspan="7" |''Stockholm''| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/ocio-cultura/2014/01/12/seis-peliculas-competiran-los-premios-forque-264978-1361024.html|website=[[Heraldo de Aragón]]|title=Seis películas competirán en los Premios Forqué|date=12 January 2014|access-date=24 February 2025|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106233450/https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/ocio-cultura/2014/01/12/seis-peliculas-competiran-los-premios-forque-264978-1361024.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotogramas.es/noticias-cine/a527866/la-herida-de-fernando-franco-maxima-ganadora-de-los-premios-forque/|website=[[Fotogramas]]|date=14 January 2014|title='La herida', de Fernando Franco, máxima ganadora de los premios Forqué}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Feroz 01|[[1st Feroz Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecartelera.com/noticias/16625/lista-ganadores-premios-feroz-2014/|website=Ecartelera|title=Lista de ganadores de los Premios Feroz 2014|date=28 January 2014|first=Jesús|last=Agudo}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Goya 28|[[28th Goya Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.vogue.es/moda/news/articulos/los-nominados-a-los-premios-goya-2014/18870 |title= Los nominados a los Premios Goya 2014|author= Vogue|date= 8 January 2014}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Fotogramas de Plata 64|64th [[Fotogramas de Plata]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar fim| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espinof.com/en-rodaje/la-herida-y-las-brujas-de-zugarramurdi-triunfadoras-de-los-fotogramas-de-plata-2014|website=Espinof|title='La herida' y 'Las brujas de Zugarramurdi', triunfadoras de los Fotogramas de Plata 2014|date=25 February 2014}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Sant Jordi 58|58th [[Sant Jordi Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/cine/20140127/54400561546/la-plaga-gente-en-sitios-premios-sant-jordi-de-cinematografia.html|website=[[La Vanguardia]]|date=27 January 2014|title='La Plaga' y 'Gente en Sitios', Premios Sant Jordi de Cinematografía 2014}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|CEC 69|69th [[CEC Awards|CEC Medals]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naiz.eus/es/hemeroteca/gara/editions/gara_2014-02-05-06-00/hemeroteca_articles/las-medallas-del-cec-muy-repartidas-llenan-de-incognitas-la-carrera-hacia-los-goya|website=[[Gara (newspaper)|Gara]]|date=5 February 2014|title=Las medallas del CEC, muy repartidas, llenan de incógnitas la carrera hacia los Goya|first=J.|last=Iglesias}}</ref>}} |- |13th Transilvania International Film FestivalBikin Fim na Kasa da Kasa na Transilvania |Mafi kyawun Ayyuka| {{Won}}{{efn|Shared with co-star Javier Pereira}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/transilvania-trophy-goes-to-spain/5072887.article|website=[[ScreenDaily]]|date=9 June 2014|first=Martin|last=Blaney|title=Transilvania Trophy goes to Spain}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2016}} |{{Sort|Actors and Actresses Union Awards 25|[[25th Actors and Actresses Union Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin a Matsayi na Jagora | rowspan="6" |''Ma'aikatar Lokaci''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.europapress.es/cultura/cine-00128/noticia-novia-vis-vis-arrasan-nominaciones-xxv-premios-union-actores-actrices-20160210153232.html|website=[[Europa Press (news agency)|Europa Press]]|date=10 February 2016|title='La novia' y 'Vis a Vis' arrasan en las nominaciones de los XXV Premios Unión de Actores y Actrices}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/cultura/2016/03/15/56e7ce1b46163f762f8b45c7.html|website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|title='La novia', 'B, la película', 'La piedra oscura' y 'Vis a vis' triunfan en los Premios de la Unión de Actores|date=15 March 2016}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2017}} |{{Sort|Feroz 04|[[4th Feroz Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[HuffPost]]|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.es/2017/01/23/ganadores-premios-feroz-2017_n_14339464.html|title=La lista completa de ganadores de los premios Feroz 2017|date=23 January 2017}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Actors and Actresses Union 26|[[26th Actors and Actresses Union Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin a Matsayi na Jagora|| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20170314/tarde-para-ira-arrasa-unos-premios-union-actores-fuerte-reivindicacion-femenina/1503440.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314051626/http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20170314/tarde-para-ira-arrasa-unos-premios-union-actores-fuerte-reivindicacion-femenina/1503440.shtml |archive-date=2017-03-14 |url-status=live|website=[[RTVE]]|date=14 March 2017|title='Tarde para la ira' arrasa en unos Premios Unión de Actores con fuerte reivindicación femenina}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="4" |{{Center|2018}} |{{Sort|Feroz 05|[[5th Feroz Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.es/entry/la-lista-completa-de-ganadores-de-los-premios-feroz-2018_es_5c8a542fe4b0f489d2b21f00.html|website=[[HuffPost]]|first=Margarita|last=Lázaro|date=22 January 2018|title=La lista completa de ganadores de los premios Feroz 2018}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Actors and Actresses Union 27|[[27th Actors and Actresses Union Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin a Matsayi na Jagora|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.europapress.es/cultura/cine-00128/noticia-penelope-cruz-javier-bardem-blanca-portillo-javier-gutierrez-nominados-premios-union-actores-20180213142603.html|website=[[Europa Press (news agency)|Europa Press]]|date=13 February 2018|title=Penélope Cruz, Javier Bardem, Blanca Portillo y Javier Gutiérrez, entre los nominados a los Premios Unión de Actores}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elespanol.com/el-cultural/cine/20180313/javier-gutierrez-nathalie-poza-premiados-union-actores/291722805_0.html|website=[[El Cultural]]|via=[[El Español]]|title=Javier Gutiérrez y Nathalie Poza, premiados por la Unión de Actores|date=13 March 2018}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Platino 05|[[5th Platino Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin miniseries ko jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/teleshow/infoshow/2018/04/29/la-lista-de-ganadores-de-los-premios-platino-2018/|website=[[Infobae]]|title=La lista de ganadores de los premios Platino 2018: la argentina "Zama" se llevó tres galardones|date=30 April 2018}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Iris 20|[[20th Iris Awards (Spain)|20th Iris Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo | rowspan="2" |''Abin da Makomar Ke Tsayawa''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vertele.eldiario.es/noticias/ganadores-xx-premios-academia-tv_1_7451259.html|website=Vertele!|publisher=[[eldiario.es]]|title=Antena 3, "Fariña" y OT, grandes triunfadores de los Premios Iris 2018 de la Academia|date=23 October 2018}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2019}} |{{Sort|Feroz 06|[[6th Feroz Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.es/entry/la-lista-completa-de-ganadores-de-los-premios-feroz-2019_es_5c8a6313e4b0dd65d8eaf7e9.html|website=[[HuffPost]]|date=19 January 2019|first=Marina|last=Prats|title=La lista completa de ganadores de los Premios Feroz 2019}}</ref>}} |} == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] 9weyp9xb3nkwzlbrh5gui1twlmou9gf 0 94359 839194 647967 2026-05-22T22:39:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bakhytzhan Toregozhina''' (Kazakh; an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1962) ɗan [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] ne [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|Mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam]] wanda ya yi yaƙi da take hakkin dan adam a Kazakhstan sama da shekaru ashirin.{{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=2023 International Women of Courage Award |url=https://www.state.gov/2023-international-women-of-courage-award/#ras-adiba |access-date=11 March 2023 |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> Ta kasance shugabar hadin gwiwar al'ummomin farar hula, ''Qantar'' 2022, kuma shugabar wata Gidauniyar Jama'a, ''Ar.'' Rukh. Khak wanda ke wakiltar Daraja, Ruhu, da Gaskiya .<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=International Women's Day |url=https://osce.usmission.gov/international-womens-day-2/ |access-date=11 March 2023 |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Kazakh Opposition Organizing Against Snap Elections |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/kazakh-opposition-organizing-against-snap-elections/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GCIV Member's Only Reception with an International Women of Courage Awardee |url=https://www.globalatlanta.com/event/gciv-members-only-reception-with-an-international-women-of-courage-awardee/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Global Atlanta |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma shirya ƙungiyoyin matasa daban-daban. An yaba da Toregozhina a matsayin babbar murya da ke wakiltar wadanda aka azabtar, cin zarafi, da kuma cin zarafin siyasa.[5] A ranar 8 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, ta karbi lambar yabo ta mata ta kasa da kasa ta 2023, wacce Jill Biden da [[Antony Blinken|Anthony J. Blinken]] suka gabatar da ita da sauran wadanda aka zaba a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bakhytzhan Toregozhina a ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1962 kuma 'yar kasar [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]] {{Cite web |title=Communication No 2137/2012: Views adopted by the Committee at its 112th session (7-31 October 2014) |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR/C/112/D/2137/2012&Lang=en |access-date=2023-03-12 |publisher=United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Committee Communication No 2137/2012 |url=https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d/PPRiCAqhKb7yhsukPtYsnxNH1DBeueuCbK4heuakPqXozlECb4l21ioAB3mr/HBNRNld58Zu+KMN6QRJ9rT/iQfBCN7mwlgCUWSAOLFd7EXcNvaguHTxb/ks/4akWWjKKXyeEdbXBXfKZtw== |access-date=2023-03-12 |publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312034800/https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhsukPtYsnxNH1DBeueuCbK4heuakPqXozlECb4l21ioAB3mr%2FHBNRNld58Zu%2BKMN6QRJ9rT%2FiQfBCN7mwlgCUWSAOLFd7EXcNvaguHTxb%2Fks%2F4akWWjKKXyeEdbXBXfKZtw%3D%3D |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Toregozhina mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam ce a kan dokar doka kuma ta yi aiki don taimakawa wadanda abin ya shafa, rubuta takardun keta hakkin dan adam, da kuma kare mutanen da ake tsanantawa saboda bayyana hakkins. {{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=2023 International Women of Courage Award |url=https://www.state.gov/2023-international-women-of-courage-award/#ras-adiba |access-date=11 March 2023 |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.state.gov/2023-international-women-of-courage-award/#ras-adiba "2023 International Women of Courage Award"]. U.S. Department of State. 8 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Ta fara inganta ci gaban kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a cikin 1999 kuma a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ta yi aiki a kan ayyukan tara kuɗi don cibiyar sadarwa ta kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da [[Yancin taro|tarurruka]] na zaman lafiya. Ta kasance memba na majalisun da ke kula da matsayin fursunonin siyasa da fursunonin lamiri. An ruwaito Alyan Tirek a matsayin wani yunkuri da ta yi aiki a kai wanda ya ba da taimakon jin kai da na shari'a ga fursunoni. A cikin 2017, ta ba da taron manema labarai game da azabtar da Iskander Erimbetov a tsare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-15 |title=Kazakhstan: Businessman Alleges Torture |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/15/kazakhstan-businessman-alleges-torture |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.gherson.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/PROGRAMME_PERSECUTION-OF-LAWYERS.pdf |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.gherson.com }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kusan shekaru 25, ta kasance murya game da azabtarwa kuma ta yi kamfen don sakin fursunonin siyasa. == Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da gwagwarmaya == Toregozhina ta kafa ko kuma ta kafa kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam daban-daban. Tana aiki a matsayin shugaban ''Qantar 2022'', da kuma wani Gidauniyar Jama'a da aka sani da ''Ar. '' ''Rukh. Khak''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2015 |title=REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN EARLY PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION |url=https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/d/b/144871.pdf |access-date=2023-03-12 |publisher=Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-15 |title=Bakhytzhan Toregozhina |url=https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/profile/bakhytzhan-toregozhina |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Front Line Defenders |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, ta fara ''Kahar'', wani shahararren motsi na matasa wanda ya zama wahayi don kafa wasu kungiyoyin matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-03-20 |title=Parliamentary Assembly |url=https://assembly.coe.int/committee/POL/2006/POL028E.pdf |access-date=2023-03-12 |publisher=Council of Europe}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, ta shirya kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don saka idanu kan zaben 'yan majalisa. Toregozhina ya kuma tattara dalibai da matasa ta hanyar makarantun bazara na [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai hulɗa don aiwatar da dokokin juri da batutuwa masu alaƙa a cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma. A shekara ta 2012, ta kafa ''Sailau'', hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke sa ido kan zabe. Ta kuma shiga cikin rubuce-rubucen wasu dokoki a kan zabe.{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.gherson.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/PROGRAMME_PERSECUTION-OF-LAWYERS.pdf |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.gherson.com }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.gherson.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/PROGRAMME_PERSECUTION-OF-LAWYERS.pdf "StackPath"]{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''www.gherson.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2020, Toregozhina ta nuna damuwa game da tsarin zalunci na Kazakhstan akan masu gwagwarmaya a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta duniya. Ƙuntatawa sun kasance a kan 'yancin magana, samun dama ga bayanai, bin doka da kuma aiwatar da haƙƙin ɗan adam ciki har da maganin mutane, samar da magunguna, da ƙuntatawa kan haƙƙin tarurruka masu zaman lafiya a bayan wurin. Kama masu zanga-zangar da yawa ya haifar da tashin hankali na 5 ga Janairun 2022 a manyan birane a fadin Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-21 |title=Kazakh police raided hospitals to round up victims of protest crackdown - report |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/central-asia/kazakhstan-protesters-hospital-police-raid-b1997866.html |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Toregozhina ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a matsayin rikice-rikice na siyasa kuma a matsayin matakin jama'a da aka dauka don samun maki na siyasa kafin zaben. A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2022, Shugaba Tokayev ya ba da sanarwar afuwa ga masu zanga-zangar amma wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice game da ko afuwa ta kare mafi yawan masu zanga-zanga masu zaman lafiya, masu kare hakkin dan adam, da masu fafutukar farar hula daga tuhumar "mai tsattsauran ra'ayi", da kuma iyakance shi don wanke wadanda aka yanke musu hukunci.<ref name=":2"/> == Tsayawa da hari == === Harin 'yan sanda na 2005 === [[Ɗan sanda|'Yan sanda]] sun shiga ofishin ƙungiyar matasa tare da iyaye masu bin Toregozhina saboda zargin daukar yara don ayyukan siyasa, da kuma ba da lada ga matasa da kuɗi daga ƙasashen waje. Human Rights Watch ta ba da rahoton cewa adadi mai yawa na 'yan sanda sun rushe zanga-zangar zaman lafiya (wanda ya haɗa da sakin balloons) wanda ''Kahar'' ya tallafawa a ranar 12 ga Afrilu da kuma damuwarsa game da matakan gwamnatoci don hana gwagwarmayar matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-10-11 |title=Kazakhstan: New Restrictions Put Election at Risk |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2005/10/11/kazakhstan-new-restrictions-put-election-risk |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> === Tsayawa a shekara ta 2010 === A ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2010, 'yan sanda sun shiga ofishin Toregozhina, suka kama ta kuma suka yanke mata hukunci saboda shirya wani taron "art-mob" a lokacin rashin biyayya ga farar hula ranar tunawa da ita wacce ta gabatar da shari'a a kan gwamnati saboda take hakkinta na kundin [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|Tsarin Mulki]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Communication No 2137/2012: Views adopted by the Committee at its 112th session (7-31 October 2014) |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR/C/112/D/2137/2012&Lang=en |access-date=2023-03-12 |publisher=United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CCPR/C/112/D/2137/2012&Lang=en "Communication No 2137/2012: Views adopted by the Committee at its 112th session (7-31 October 2014)"]. United Nations Human Rights Treaty Bodies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":4"/> === Tsayawa a shekarar 2016 === Akalla mutane 33, ciki har da Toregozhina, an tsare su tsakanin 16 da 20 ga Mayu 2016, saboda rahoton keta doka da ke da alaƙa da sakonnin [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] a kan zanga-zangar da batutuwan ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan: Think before you post: Closing down social media space in Kazakhstan |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur57/5644/2017/en/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> === Tsanantawa ta 2022 === An lissafa Toregozhina a matsayin daya daga cikin masu kare hakkin dan adam waɗanda ke fuskantar tsanantawa ta siyasa da ta shafi tashin hankali na Janairu 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melnychenko |first=Natalia |date=2022-10-20 |title=KAZAKHSTAN: The List of Political Prisoners and Other Victims of Political Persecutions |url=https://en.odfoundation.eu/a/426901,kazakhstan-the-list-of-political-prisoners-and-other-victims-of-political-persecutions/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Open Dialogue Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Censorship na Pegasus == OCCRP ta ruwaito cewa Toregozhina na daga cikin 'yan siyasa,' yan jarida, da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam na Pegasus don sauraron waya ko sa ido. Kamfanin Isra'ila, NSO Group ne ya kirkiro Pegasus kuma ana amfani da shi don yin leken asiri a kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bakhytzhan Toregozhina |url=https://jfj.fund/jfj/bakhytzhan-toregozhina/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Justice for Journalists |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312042635/https://jfj.fund/jfj/bakhytzhan-toregozhina/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan Uses Spyware Against Its Own Citizens |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/16477-kazakhstan-uses-spyware-against-its-own-citizens |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.occrp.org |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokayev, Mamin and Sagintayev became objects of spyware surveillance |url=https://kaztag.kz/en/news/tokayev-mamin-and-sagintayev-became-objects-of-spyware-surveillance |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=kaztag.kz |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Toregozhina ta sami lambar yabo ta mata ta kasa da kasa ta 2023 wacce ta amince da wadanda suka nuna ƙarfin hali, ƙarfi, da jagoranci. An yaba da gudummawar da ta bayar a matsayin muhimmiyar rawar da masu kare hakkin dan adam ke takawa wajen gudanar da gwamnatoci da kuma karfafa girmamawa ga hakkoki da [[Ƴancin siyasa|'yanci]] na asali. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ce ta shirya bikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=11 women, girls and women protesting Iranian morality police, honored at IWOC Awards |url=https://www.abc27.com/hill-politics/11-women-girls-and-women-protesting-iranian-morality-police-honored-at-iwoc-awards/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=ABC27 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401013737/https://www.abc27.com/hill-politics/11-women-girls-and-women-protesting-iranian-morality-police-honored-at-iwoc-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2023 |title=2023 International Women of Courage Award |url=https://www.state.gov/2023-international-women-of-courage-award/#ras-adiba |access-date=11 March 2023 |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.state.gov/2023-international-women-of-courage-award/#ras-adiba "2023 International Women of Courage Award"]. U.S. Department of State. 8 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kyautar Mata ta Duniya ta Gaba * Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata * 'Yancin Dan Adam a Kazakhstan == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sg75r3fww2ux58qc1g4v3m77925jlyb 0 96806 839213 605127 2026-05-23T00:36:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Barumba Beatrice Rusaniya''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba 1964) 'yar siyasar Uganda ce. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-05 |title=Mbabazi, Suruma face political end |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mbabazi-suruma-face-political-end/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kasance 'yar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement kuma 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar Kiruhura a majalisa ta takwas da ta tara na Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-07 |title=Members of 9th Parliament |url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815091530/http://fortuneofafrica.com/ug/members-of-parliament/ |archive-date=2018-08-15 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=Fortune Of Africa - Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2005, lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri gundumar Kiruhura daga Gundumar Mbarara, Beatrice ta zama majagaba mace 'yar majalisa a shekara ta 2006 kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |title=BEATRICE RUSANIYA RIDES ON KAZO TO BOUNCE BACK IN NATIONAL POLITICS – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/beatrice-rusaniya-rides-on-kazo-to-bounce-back-in-national-politics/ |access-date=2022-03-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322200630/https://mulengeranews.com/beatrice-rusaniya-rides-on-kazo-to-bounce-back-in-national-politics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar Siyasa == A zaɓukan shekarun 2016 zuwa 2021, ta faɗi zaɓe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HON. BEATRICE BARUMBA RUSANIYA, Aspiring Woman MP 2021-2026, KIRUHURA |url=http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1353 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=www.ugandadecides.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta janye karar zaɓen da ta shigar tana ƙalubalantar zaɓen magajin ta, Sheila Mwine Kabaije tare da zargin cewa an tafka maguɗi a zaɓen da aka yi da wasu kura-kurai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rusaniya withdraws Kiruhura election petition |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1428985 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Rusaniya na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan Uganda a majalisar dokokin ƙasashen Afrika ta Pan Afrika. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=joomlasupport |title=African parliament happy with UPDF job in Somalia |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=20919:-african-parliament-happy-with-updf-job-in-somalia |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322200628/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=20919:-african-parliament-happy-with-updf-job-in-somalia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka, ta yi rashin lafiya a lokacin tawagar. <ref name=":0" /> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin Uganda na tara * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki ta takwas na Uganda * Sheila Mwine Kabaije * Gundumar Kiruhura * National Resistance Movement * Majalisar Uganda * Dan majalisa == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Uganda] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kwcvk1xpqmeb4jypsbkcnrfoq0ozwbk 0 96981 839062 825450 2026-05-22T16:31:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Arzu Rana Deuba''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1962) Ma'aikacin zamantakewa al'umma ne na Nepali, masaniyar halayyar dan adam kuma [[ƴar siyasa]], a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NepaliCongress.org- Nepali Congress Official website {{!}} Political party of Nepal |url=https://www.nepalicongress.org/ |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=www.nepalicongress.org |archive-date=2026-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115050915/https://www.nepalicongress.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta lashe da kuri'u 22,000 a cikin jerin sunayen. Wannan shi ne karo na uku da ta yi a majalisar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki kan Aikin Gona, Kungiyoyi da albarkatun kasa daga Agusta 2023 zuwa Yuli 2024. Dokta Deuba ta shiga Majalisa ta Nepali a 1996 kuma an zabe shi memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya na jam'iyyar tun watan Disamba 2021. A cikin babban zaben Nepalese na 2022 an zabe ta a matsayin wakilin daidaito daga rukunin Mutanen Khas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission Nepal |url=https://election.gov.np/admin/public//storage/PR/PR%20Elected/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%20%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%20%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%20%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%20%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3.pdf |access-date=2022-12-20}}</ref> Ita ce matar tsohon Firayim Minista na Nepal Rt. Hon. Sher Bahadur Deuba . Deuba memba ce ta taron Jam'iyyar Nepali Congress da Kwamitin Zabe na Jagora na Tsakiya tun 2010. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki da Majalisar Dokokin Nepal na tsawon shekaru goma (2010-2020). Ta bi batutuwan kamar hakkokin mata, musamman hakkokin haihuwa, hakkokin 'yan kasa daidai, hakkokin mallaka daidai, tashin hankali a kan mata, da daidaito da daidaito na wakilcin siyasa na mata a duk matakan yayin da take rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin Nepal. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Rubuce-rubucen Tsarin Mulki kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanar da Mata. Deuba mai fafutukar jinsi ce kuma ma'aikaciyar zamantakewa kuma ta kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da dama na mata da yara a Nepal, gami da RUWDUC, <ref>{{Cite web |title=RUWDUC Kathmandu – "Unity For Women's Empowerment" |url=http://ruwducktm.org.np/ |access-date=2020-03-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213184234/http://ruwducktm.org.np/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saathi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saathi – Create violence free homes and society where women and children can live a life of dignity. |url=http://saathi.org.np/ |access-date=2020-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> SMNF <ref>{{Cite web |title=Safe Motherhood Network Federation Nepal {{!}} A Network for Advocacy, Awareness and Social Mobilization |url=http://www.safemotherhood.org.np/ |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=www.safemotherhood.org.np }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kuma ta kafa SAMANTA, cibiyar bincike don daidaito na zamantakewa da jinsi. Ta yi aiki a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen wakilin yanki na Kudancin da Gabashin Asiya don IUCN kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin kwamitin Ipas da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Mahatma Gandhi don Zaman Lafiya da Ci gaban Kai da ke New Delhi. MGIEP ita ce Cibiyar Bincike ta UNESCO ta Category 1 da ke mai da hankali kan Canja Ilimi zuwa SDG 4.7 ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da ke inganta ilmantarwa na zamantakewa da motsin rai, ƙirƙirar sababbin koyarwar dijital da ƙarfafa matasa. https:mgiep.unesco.org Deuba ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli da Biodiversity Task Force (GBTF) na Majalisar IUCN da kuma memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Hukumar Kula da Muhalli, Tattalin Arziki da Manufofin Jama'a (CEESP) da kuma co-shugaban taken kan Muhalli, Rikicin, da Tsaro (TECS). Ta kuma yi aiki a Ofishin Majalisar IUCN . Ta wakilci IUCN a matsayin babban mai magana a taron IUCN-PATA Asia Pacific a shekara ta 2009 kuma a matsayin Babban Mai magana a kan Himalayas a taron dutse da ICIMOD da abokan hulɗarta suka shirya a Munich, Jamus a shekara ta 2010. An sake zabar Deuba a matsayin mai ba da shawara na yanki na IUCN daga Kudancin da Gabashin Asiya a cikin IUCN World Conservation Congress (WCC). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-13 |title=Dr. Arzu Rana-Deuba re-elected as IUCN Regional Councillor |url=https://www.iucn.org/content/dr-arzu-rana-deuba-re-elected-iucn-regional-councillor |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=IUCN |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024}}</ref> An gayyace ta a matsayin Kakakin a cikin dandamali daban-daban na kasa da kasa ciki har da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a Geneva, Maris 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Report of the Human Rights Council on its thirty-fourth session |url=https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/UPR/A_HRC_34_2_EN.docx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702080124/https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/UPR/A_HRC_34_2_EN.docx |archive-date=2 July 2021 |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=}}</ref> == Ilimi == Deuba ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Padmakanya, Lardin Bagmati . Ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Punjab . Ta kuma sami digirinta na PhD a fannin ilimin halayyar jama'a a shekarar 1990 daga Jami'ar Punjab ta [[Indiya]]. == Ayyukan siyasa == [[Fayil:Arzu_Rana_Deuba_with_Narendra_Modi_-_August_2024_-_2.png|alt=Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nepal) Arzu Rana Deuba sitting with Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 19th August 2024|thumb|Arzu Rana Deuba tare da Firayim Minista na Indiya [[Narendra Modi]]]] Deuba ta kasance memba ta Jam'iyyar Nepali Congress Party of Nepal tun daga shekara ta 1996. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NepaliCongress.org- Nepali Congress Official website {{!}} Political party of Nepal |url=https://www.nepalicongress.org/ |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=www.nepalicongress.org |archive-date=2026-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115050915/https://www.nepalicongress.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2000, ta kasance memba na taron Jam'iyyar Nepali Congress da Kwamitin Zabe na Jagora na Tsakiya . Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki da Majalisar Dokokin Nepal na tsawon shekaru goma (2008-2017). Ta bi batutuwan kamar hakkokin mata, musamman hakkokin haihuwa, hakkokin 'yan kasa daidai, hakkokin dukiya daidai, tashin hankali a kan mata, daidaito na mata da daidaito na wakilci na siyasa a kowane mataki yayin rubuta kundin tsarin mulkin Nepal. == Ayyukan zamantakewa == Deuba ta kafa wasu batutuwan mata da yara da suka shafi kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) a Nepal, wadanda suka hada da - Saathi (1992) wanda ke aiki kan kawar da tashin hankali ga mata; Cibiyar Ci gaban Mata da Haɗin Kai ta Karkara (1995) wacce ke aiki a yankunan da ke da alamun ci gaban ɗan adam mafi ƙasƙanci; The Safe Motherhood Network Federation (1996) wanda ke aiki a yankin haihuwa da haƙƙoƙi; da Samanata - Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Jama'a (1997) wacce kungiya ce ta tushen bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OnlineWomen: Nepal |url=http://www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org/nepal/nepaleads.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328010255/http://www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org/nepal/nepaleads.htm |archive-date=28 March 2017 |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org}}</ref> An zabi Deuba a matsayin wakilin yanki na Ƙungiyar Kare Duniya (IUCN) a lokacin taron duniya na huɗu da aka gudanar a Barcelona, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] a watan Oktoba 2008. Deuba ita ce dan takara na farko da aka zaba daga Nepal a cikin mafi girman hukumar yanke shawara ta IUCN. Ta yi aiki na wa'adi biyu a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen wakilin yanki na Kudancin da Gabashin Asiya don IUCN (2008 - 2016). A halin yanzu tana aiki a kwamitin IPAS, Amurka (2014 ci gaba) da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Mahatma Gandhi don Zaman Lafiya da Ci gaba mai dorewa, wanda shine cibiyar UNESCO Type I da ke New Delhi, Indiya (2014 ci gaban). Har ila yau, tana da alaƙa da White Ribbon Alliance don zama uwa mai aminci. Deuba ta kasance memba a kan tattaunawa game da mutuwar uwaye da cututtuka da haƙƙin ɗan adam a zaman 34 na Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (Geneva 2017). <ref name="Why are women still marching">{{Cite web |title=Why are women still marching |url=http://graduateinstitute.ch/events/_/events/corporate/2017/why-are-women-still-marching |access-date=16 May 2017 |publisher=The Graduate Institute Geneva}}</ref> == Rayuwar iyali == Ta auri tsohon Firayim Minista na Nepal kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Nepali Congress Party na yanzu, <ref name=":0"/> Sher Bahadur Deuba . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 74qw4wjjbwrfzsqcfmpucrbn7g4yf1j 0 97620 839300 605385 2026-05-23T10:00:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Brooke A. Ackerly masanin kimiyyar siyasar Amurka ne kuma Farfesa a Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Vanderbilt tare da alaƙa da Sashen Ci gaban Bil Adama da Ƙungiyoyi, Makarantar Shari'a, Sashen Falsafa, da Shirin Nazarin Mata da Jinsi, an lura da bincikenta kan ka'idar ka'ida ta asali, ka'idar mata, dangantakar mata ta duniya, da gwagwarmayar masana. [1] == Ilimi == Ackerly ta sami BA a Faransanci da tattalin arziki daga Kwalejin Williams a 1988, MA a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]] a 1993, da Ph.D. daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]] a 1997. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.vanderbilt.edu/political-science/bio/brooke-ackerly |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=Department of Political Science |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ackerly ta kasance mataimakiyar farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles daga 1997 zuwa 2000 kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu na Bincike a Jami'ar Kudancin California daga 2000 zuwa 2001 kafin aikinta a Jami'ar Vanderbilt ta fara a 2001. Ta zama abokiyar farfesa a 2007 kuma cikakkiyar Farfesa a 2017. <ref name=":0"/> Ita ce babban Edita a Jaridar Siyasa ta Mata ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Feminist Journal of Politics |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=rfjp20 |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=www.tandfonline.com |language=en}}</ref> kuma zaɓaɓɓu a cikin Sashin Shirya Haƙƙin Dan Adam na Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=American Political Science Association > MEMBERSHIP > Organized Sections > Human Rights (Section 36) |url=https://www.apsanet.org/section36 |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=www.apsanet.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Ackerly yana cikin kwamitin edita na mujallu na ilimi kamar Jaridar Siyasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=http://www.thejournalofpolitics.org/editorial-board.html |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=The Journal of Politics |language=en}}</ref> Binciken Siyasa na Kwata-kwata, Yancin Dan Adam da Jin Dadin Dan Adam, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights & Human Welfare |url=https://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/about/organization.html |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=www.du.edu}}</ref> da Siyasa, Ƙungiyoyi da Shaida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics, Groups, and Identities |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=rpgi20 |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=www.tandfonline.com |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Arts da Kimiyya ta Vanderbilt. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty and Graduate Student Awards |url=https://as.vanderbilt.edu/faculty/awards.php |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=College of Arts and Science |language=en}}</ref> Ita ce ta kafa Global Feminisms Collaborative, ƙungiyar malamai da masu fafutuka da ke haɓaka hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa a kan bincike mai amfani don adalci na zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Feminisms Collaborative - GFC home |url=https://as.vanderbilt.edu/archived/gfc/www.vanderbilt.edu/gfc/GFC/ |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=as.vanderbilt.edu |archive-date=2018-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113030131/https://as.vanderbilt.edu/archived/gfc/www.vanderbilt.edu/gfc/GFC/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken Brooke Ackerly ya ratsa tsakanin ka'idar siyasa da dangantakar kasa da kasa, tare da sha'awa ta musamman kan [[Jinsi|batutuwan jinsi]] da hanyoyin siyasa . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gudunmawar Ackerly ita ce nazarin [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya]], gano tsaka-tsaki tsakanin ra'ayi da mahimmanci da aka gina ta hanyar fahimtar [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam]] . ''Ka'idar Siyasarta da sukar zamantakewar mata na mata'' (Cambridge 2000) ta gina daga binciken filin, ka'idar mata, da ka'idar dimokuradiyya ta yanke shawara, tana shimfida wata hanya don da ka'idar sukar zamantakewar mata. ''Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya na Duniya a Duniyar Bambance-Bambance'' (Cambridge 2008) ta ginu akan wannan ka'idar, amma tare da ba da fifiko akan da kulawa ga bambance-bambance, sabani, da bambance-bambance. Tare da Jacqui True da Maria Stern, Ackerly edited ''Methodologies Feminist for International Relations'' (Cambridge 2006), wanda ya shimfida duka biyun ka'idar tsarin kula da mata hanyoyin don dangantakar kasa da kasa da iri-iri na yiwu hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Feminist methodologies international relations {{!}} International relations and international organisations |url=https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/international-relations-and-international-organisations/feminist-methodologies-international-relations?format=PB |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=Cambridge University Press |language=en}}</ref> Ta ba da gudummawa ga muhawara game da amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdigewa don ka'idar mata, abubuwan da ke tattare da ra'ayoyin haƙƙoƙi na mutane, tattaunawa game da haɓakawa a cikin bincike, da kuma rawar da ake takawa a cikin siyasa gabaɗaya da siyasar mata musamman, a cikin ''Yin Bincike na Mata'' tare da Jacqui Gaskiya (Palgrave 2010). Ackerly kuma ya ba da gudummawar ra'ayoyin 'yancin ɗan adam, musamman ma dangane da adalci na duniya . Sabon littafinta ''Just Responsibility: A Theory Rights of Global Justice'' (Oxford 2018), yayi nazarin bambanci tsakanin alhakin ɗabi'a da alhakin siyasa, kuma yana ƙalubalantar ƙa'idodi na al'ada game da alhakin da tushen sa a cikin son rai da fahimta. Ackerly ya kasance kan gaba a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a baya-bayan nan a cikin tsarin dabarar " [[Grounded normative theory|tushen ka'idar al'ada]] ". Ƙa'idar ƙa'idar ƙa'ida ta ƙasa ta ƙunshi haɗa kai tsaye da/ko nazarin bincike mai ƙarfi a cikin tsarin ka'idar al'ada. Hanyar kwanan wata aƙalla zuwa littafin Jane Mansbridge 's 1980 monograph cum 1983, ''Beyond Adversary Democracy'', wanda ya haɗa aikin filin asali a tarurrukan garin New England da cibiyar taimako na rikici. Ackerly ya kasance mai yuwuwa ya kasance jagorar ƙwararru na baya-bayan nan kuma mai ba da shawara ga tsarin, musamman a cikin mafi mahimmanci, jijiya mai haɗin kai, inda masanin ya yi la'akari ''da'' waɗanda ke gwagwarmayar neman adalci da fahimtar zamantakewa. Bugu da ari, don Ackerly, ka'idar ka'ida ta asali tana bin ka'idar tushe kamar yadda aka fi samun bunƙasa a cikin ilimin zamantakewa da sanin yakamata - hanyar ita ce inductive, haɓaka ka'idoji na al'ada daga mahallin zahiri zuwa sama, maimakon kawo da'awar ka'idar a mahallin. <ref name=":4" /> Ackerly ta fara shimfida tushen ka'idar don ayyukanta na tushe a cikin littafinta na 2000, ''Ka'idar Siyasa da Criticism na Mata.'' Ta hanyar 2008's ''Universal Human Rights a cikin Duniya na Bambance-bambance,'' ta kasance tana gudanarwa da kuma haɗawa da ayyuka masu yawa da suka hada da mahalarta a dandalin zamantakewa na duniya ''.'' Littafinta na baya-bayan nan, ''Just Responsibility'', yana gabatar da cikakkiyar ka'idar ka'idar ka'ida ta mata. Yana haɗuwa da hanyoyin mata da daidaitawa zuwa ƙa'idar ka'ida ta asali. Littafin ya gabatar da bincike daga tambayoyin Ackerly da bayanai da nazarin abubuwan da suka shafi aikace-aikacen tallafi 125 daga kungiyoyin da suka mayar da hankali kan 'yancin mata a kasashe 26. <ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nzah0das2125wxo68jefrqvwdya4ad0 0 97852 839033 788780 2026-05-22T13:09:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Annet Nyakecho''' wacce aka fi sani da '''Okwenye Annet Nyakecho''' (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1982) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Uganda, 'yar kasuwa, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=EYOTARU |first=OLIVE |title=Meet Nyakecho, the MP who has served two constituencies |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/53652-meet-nyakecho-the-mp-who-has-served-two-constituencies.html |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=The Observer – Uganda |language=en-gb |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016223247/https://observer.ug/news/headlines/53652-meet-nyakecho-the-mp-who-has-served-two-constituencies.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma mace 'yar majalisar wakilai ta gundumar Tororo ta Arewa, gundumar Tororo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=180 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=17 March 2020 |title=Tumukunde saga: MP Nyakecho, 9 others not held on treason charges- Police |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/03/17/tumukunde-saga-mp-nyakecho-9-others-not-held-on-treason-charges-police/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Hon. Nyakecho Annet |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nyakechoannet/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=MPScan Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016142348/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/nyakechoannet/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita 'yar siyasa ce mai zaman kanta. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NYAKECHO ANNET |url=https://www.ugandadecides.com/candidate.php?id=610 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=www.ugandadecides.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta kasance mace ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar Otuke a majalisa ta 9, sannan a majalisa ta 10 ta zama ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar Tororo ta Arewa. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tororo North MP Nyakecho cleared |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tororo-north-mp-nyakecho-cleared-1705648 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce macen Tororo a majalisar dokoki ta 11 ta Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=Tororo MP Annet Nyakecho says her voters will miss her smile, dance strokes and hairstyles if election campaigns are held scientifically |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/07/02/tororo-mp-annet-nyakecho-says-her-voters-will-miss-her-smile-dance-strokes-and-hairstyles-if-election-campaigns-are-held-scientifically/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Matooke Republic |language=en-US |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620161750/https://matookerepublic.com/2020/07/02/tororo-mp-annet-nyakecho-says-her-voters-will-miss-her-smile-dance-strokes-and-hairstyles-if-election-campaigns-are-held-scientifically/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan kafa gundumar Otuke a shekarar 2009, hakan ya ba ta dama kuma a shekarar 2011 ta kasance mai neman kujerar mata ta gundumar amma ba ta yi nasara ba. <ref name=":0"/> Daga baya ta tsaya takara a karon farko (a majalisa ta tara) akan kujera ta jam'iyyar National Resistance Movement yayin da matashiyar ‘yar majalisar ta doke wasu ‘yan takara bakwai duk da cewa bata da shirin shiga siyasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Ilimi == A cikin shekarar 1994, ta kammala Jarabawar Firamare ta Makarantar Rock View School, Tororo. A cikin shekarar 1998, ta sami Certificate of Education Uganda daga Nkono Memorial SS, Kaliro. <ref name=":1"/> A cikin shekarar 2000, an ba ta takardar shaidar ilimi ta Uganda daga makarantar sakandare ta City, Kololo sannan ta shiga [[Jami'ar Makerere]] <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3"/> don yin digiri na farko a Nazarin Ci Gaba (2008). <ref name=":1" /> == Rayuwar aiki == An ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Bincike a Babban Ofishin MTN (2000), Nutrition and Childhood Development Project, Tororo (2001-2002), da Cibiyar Ci gaban Cibiyoyin Afirka, Kampala (2002-2003). <ref name=":1"/> == Rayuwar Siyasa == Ta yi aiki a Majalisar Uganda a matsayin Memba na Kwamitin Harkokin Waje (2011-2013), Memba na Kwamitin Kasafi (2011-2013), Memba na Kwamitin Shari'a da Majalisar (2013-2013), da Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kwamitin Kimiyya da Fasaha (2015-2016). <ref name=":1"/> Ta kuma zama 'yar majalisa a majalisar dokokin Uganda a majalisa ta tara da ta goma da ta sha ɗaya. <ref name=":1" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar kwamitin yaɗa labarai, sadarwa da fasaha na majalisar (ICT) amma daga baya shugabar mai magana da yawun gwamnati [[Ruth Nankabirwa]] ta kore ta daga muƙamin, inda ɗan majalisar Dokolo ta Arewa Paul Amoru ya maye gurbinta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=Nankabirwa drops MP Annet Nyakecho from ICT committee leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/nankabirwa-drops-mp-annet-nyakecho-from-ict-committee-leadership/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> An kama Annet Nyakecho, mijinta Levi Otim, da ɗan uwa da sauran da dama waɗanda aka samu a gidan tsohon ministan tsaro, Laftanar Janar [[Henry Tumukunde]], tare da tsare su. <ref name=":2"/> Ita ce mai kula da yakin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa Lt. Gen. Henry Tumukunde 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2020 |title=TUMUKUNDE SAGA: MP Nyakecho Detained at Jinja Road |url=https://chimpreports.com/tumukunde-saga-mp-nyakecho-detained-at-jinja-road/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ƙarin matsayi == Ta yi aiki a majalisar dokokin Uganda a matsayin mamba a kwamitin kula da asusun jama'a, da kuma kwamitin kula da ayyukan jama'a da ƙananan hukumomi. <ref name=":1"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ta auri Levi Otim. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> Ita Kirista ce ta bangaskiyar Anglican. <ref name=":3"/> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma sha daya na Uganda * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma na Uganda * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokokin Uganda na tara * National Resistance Movement * Dan siyasa mai zaman kansa * Gundumar Otuke * Gundumar Tororo * [[Ruth Nankabirwa]] * Paul Amoru == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Uganda.] * [https://www.facebook.com/annetnyakecho/ Hon Annet Nyakecho Facebook'ta] * [https://twitter.com/nyakechoa?lang=en Nyakecho Annet a shafin Twitter] * [https://ug.linkedin.com/in/hon-nyakecho-annet-b5885574 HON.] [https://ug.linkedin.com/in/hon-nyakecho-annet-b5885574 Nyakecho Annet akan Linkedin] * https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2018/10/09/exclusive-mp-nyakecho-dumps-mp-lover-elopes-with-rdcs-son/ == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f8n6bmnf72vue6ots4il6ts9uvhtz7m 0 98561 839229 832913 2026-05-23T04:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Betty Hahn''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1940) yar wasan daukar hoto ce ta Ba'amurke wacce aka sani da yin aiki a madadin da matakan daukar hoto na farko. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Griffiths |first=Alan |title=Luminous-Lint – Photographer – Betty Hahn |url=http://www.luminous-lint.com/app/photographer/Betty__Hahn/ABCDEF/ |access-date=2017-03-28 |website=www.luminous-lint.com |language=en}}</ref> Ta kammala duka BFA (1963) da MFA (1966) a Jami'ar Indiana Bloomington . Da farko, Hahn ya yi aiki a cikin wasu hanyoyin fasaha masu girma biyu kafin ya mai da hankali kan ɗaukar hoto a makarantar digiri. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=exhibit-E.com |title=Joseph Bellows Gallery – Betty Hahn – Biography |url=http://www.josephbellows.com/artists/betty-hahn/bio/ |access-date=2017-03-28 |website=www.josephbellows.com}}</ref> An san ta da kyau saboda gwajin da ta yi da hanyoyin ɗaukar hoto na gwaji waɗanda suka haɗa nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Seasonal Rainbow Transition |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1029734 |access-date=2017-03-28 |website=National Museum of American History}}</ref> Ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na ɗaukar hoto, Hahn ya kalubalanci mai kallo ba kawai don tantance abubuwan da ke cikin hoton ba, har ma don yin la'akari da abin hoton da kansa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Betty Hahn a ranar 11 ga Oktoban shekarar 1940, a Chicago, Illinois inda ita ma ta girma. <ref name=":1"/> Tana da shekara goma, wata inna ce ta ba Hahn kyamararta ta farko. Daga baya Hahn ya tafi kammala karatunsa daga Scecina Memorial Catholic High School. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta shiga Jami'ar Indiana tare da cikakken guraben karatu inda ta ci gaba da karatunta a Fine Arts, ta karɓi BFA dinta (1963) da MFA (1966). <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=IFPDA – Artist |url=http://www.ifpda.org/artist/968 |access-date=2017-03-28 |website=www.ifpda.org |archive-date=2017-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329050907/http://www.ifpda.org/artist/968 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A tsawon shekarunta na digiri na farko, ta mai da hankali kan zane da zane; duk da haka, yayin da ta shiga karatun digiri, ta yi aikin ɗaukar hoto. A cikin wannan muhimmin lokaci na ci gaba, Hahn ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin ɗaya daga cikin sanannun malaman daukar hoto na lokacin, Henry Holmes Smith, wanda ya karfafa aikin Hahn a madadin hanyoyin. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Hahn |url=http://www.fractionmagazine.com/betty-hahn |access-date=2017-03-28 |website=Fraction Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Da zarar ta sauke karatu, Hahn ta koma Rochester inda ta koyar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rochester har zuwa shekarar 1975. Daga nan Hahn ta koma Albuquerque inda ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar [[New Mexico]] har sai da ta yi ritaya a 1997. <ref name=":0"/> == Aiki == Hahn an fi saninta da bincikenta na madadin hanyoyin daukar hoto, ta yin amfani da duka tsofaffin hanyoyin haɓaka duhu kamar gum-bichromate da cyanotypes, tare da sauran hanyoyin fasaha, gami da zanen hannu har ma da sakawa . An lura da ita a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu ɗaukar hoto na farko da suka samu nasarar haɗa irin wannan nau'ikan hanyoyin fasaha. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":1"/> Hahn tana ƙarfafa mai kallo don yin zurfafa tunani ta hanyar ba kawai amfani da tsarin jiki daban-daban a cikin aikinta ba, har ma ta hanyar yawan ma'anoni a cikin hotunanta. A mafi yawan ayyukanta, Hahn ta haɗu da ban dariya da ban dariya yayin da take bincika ma'anar da aka samar ta hanyar haɗin kai. Wasu daga cikin kwafinta sun haɗa da ramukan sprocket na 35mm mara kyau, wanda ke nuni da asalin fim ɗin 35mm: amma ta hanyar canza launin hannu tare da fenti mai haske, ta jawo hankali ga cakudar fasaha tare da matsakaicin masana'antu. Da zarar ta fara gwaji tare da tsarin gum-bichromate, Hahn ta fara dinka a cikin hotunanta. Buga akan zane da sauran yadudduka ya ba ta damar amfani da zaren don haskaka wasu sassan hoton. A cikin haɗa hotunanta tare da al'ada na al'ada, Hahn ta yi nasarar haɗa abubuwa na yau da kullun da na ra'ayi. Ba wai kawai ta yi magana da ayyuka na yau da kullum na rayuwar yau da kullum ba, har ma game da al'ada da al'ada. A cikin haskaka talakawa a cikin aikinta, Hahn tana ɗaukaka da kuma farfado da abin da ya ɓace a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun. Tufafin ya yi nuni da kasancewar mace, kamar yadda Hahn ya jadada batun mata na rashin sanin sana'ar hannun mata. Ƙaƙwalwarta sau da yawa yana jaddada furanni tare da girmansa uku, yana ƙara ra'ayin mace; Daga baya ta bi wannan a matsayin alama kuma ta sanya shi a cikin wasu jerin ta da yawa. == Art da Feminism == A cikin aikinta, Hahn tana isar da saƙo mai ƙarfi game da mata da kayan ado . A bayyane yake a lokaci guda cewa aikin mata aikin allura ne, kuma ana yawan rage darajar aikinsu a matsayin sana'a duk lokacin da ya bambanta da aikin maza. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=Sally J. |date=1994-01-01 |title=The Distinction between Art and Craft |journal=Journal of Aesthetic Education |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=55–70 |doi=10.2307/3333159 |jstor=3333159}}</ref> A lokacin da maza suka lulluɓe mata a cikin fasahar gargajiya, kamar zane-zane da sassaka, sau da yawa mata sun koma wasu hanyoyin sadarwa kamar kayan masaku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pathmakers: Women in Art, Craft, and Design, Midcentury and Today {{!}} National Museum of Women in the Arts |url=https://nmwa.org/press-room/press-releases/pathmakers-women-art-craft-and-design-midcentury-and-today |access-date=2017-04-25 |website=nmwa.org |language=en}}</ref> An yi nuni da cewa aikin mata, musamman na sana’a, ba shi da wani fa’ida sosai a fannin fasaha, tunda ana ganin sana’a ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brooklyn Museum: Women's Work |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/womens_work/ |access-date=2017-04-25 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tun da yake “fasaha da sana’a” galibi ba a haɗa su tare, a bayyane yake suna cikin rukuni ɗaya; duk da haka, akwai bambanci bayyananne. Shekaru 300, ana koya wa mata aikin allura ta hanyar al'ada da al'ada, kuma ba da gangan ba, inganta biyayya da halayen gida. Sakamakon haka, maimakon ɗaukar dinki a matsayin fasaha, mutane da yawa suna kallonsa a matsayin fasaha marar tunani, rashin asali. <ref name=":5"/> Akasin haka, ya fi a bayyane cewa hannun mace ya wuce abin da ba shi da hankali da daidaitawa, yana da hankali, tunani, haƙuri, juriya, da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar haɗa sutura da sutura, Betty Hahn ta tura masu sauraro su amince da aikin mata ba a matsayin sana'a ko al'ada ba, amma a matsayin ƙwararru, ƙirƙira kuma na musamman. == nune-nunen == Sashen Tarihin Hoto a Cibiyar Smithsonian ya baje kolin ayyukan Hahn a cikin wani rukuni na nuni a cikin shekarun 1960 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaba na nunin ayyukan mata masu ɗaukar hoto. Bayan haka an nuna aikinta a nune-nunen jigogi da yawa a Smithsonian .<ref name=":4"/> Nunin solo na farko na Hahn wanda ke nuna aikinta shine a cikin shekarar 1973 a Witkin Gallery a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]]. Bayan haka, ta sami tallafi da yawa daga National Endowment for Arts a shekarar 1974, 1978, da 1983 don ci gaba da aikinta na daukar hoto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Hahn – Bio |url=http://www.bettyhahn.com/page15302.htm |access-date=2017-03-28 |website=www.bettyhahn.com |archive-date=2017-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622010539/http://www.bettyhahn.com/page15302.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> An baje kolin fasahar Hahn a duk faɗin ƙasar kuma an nuna su a duk duniya a cikin gidajen tarihi waɗanda ke nuna matakan tarihi a Baltimore, Maryland (1972) da nunin hoto na yanayi a Osaka, [[Japan]] (1990). An nuna aikinta a Albuquerque Museum of Art and Art History (2017), Phoenix Art Museum (2015), da George Eastman House (2012, 2016). Ana gudanar da aikin Hahn a cikin masu tarawa masu zaman kansu, ɗakunan ajiya, da kuma a cikin ɗakunan kayan tarihi na dindindin, ciki har da San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Cibiyar Hotunan Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Hotuna da Gidan Gida <ref>{{Cite web |title=Betty Hahn (American, 1940) |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/BettyHahn/948773524C29D209/Biography |access-date=2017-03-28 |website=www.mutualart.com |language=en}}</ref> === nune-nunen === * 1996 – George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and film, Rochester, New York * 1997 – A History of Women Photographers, Akron Art Museum * 1997 – Eye of the Beholder, Photographs of the Avon Collection, International Center of Photography, Midtown, New York City * 1998 – Passing Shots: A Travel Series, University of New Mexico Art Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 1998 – The City Series, Taos, Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, Cedar Rapids, Iowa * 1999 – Photography Or Maybe Not, a Betty Hahn traveling retrospective, Mikhailovsky Palace, St. Petersburg, Russia * 2000 – 20/20 Twentieth Century Photographic Acquisitions by 20 leading patrons, Museum of New Mexico, Museum of Fine Arts * 2000 – Photography Or Maybe Not, a Betty Hahn traveling retrospective, Santa Fe de Granada, Spain * 2001 – In the Eyes of the Beholder: Ten Photographers View Albuquerque, The University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2002 – Sun Works Contemporary Alternative Photography, The Art Institute of Boston * 2002 – Flowers from the Permanent Collection, The Albuquerque Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2004 – 30th Anniversary Permanent Collection Exhibition, New Mexico State, University Art Gallery, Las Cruces, New Mexico * 2005 – New Mexico State University Art Gallery, Las Cruces, New Mexico * 2005 – Ace in the Hole, the legacy of Peter Walch, University Art Museum, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2006 – The collectible moment, Norton Simon museum, Pasadena, California * 2006 – The Social Lens, University of Virginia Art Museum, Charlottesville, Virginia * 2007 – Seeing Ourselves: Masterpieces of American Photography, A Traveling * 2007 – Exhibition, George Eastman House, Rochester, New York * 2008 – Flower Power: a Subversive Botanical, New Mexico Museum of Art, Santa Fe, New Mexico * 2008 – Bernalillo County Arts Board Gallery, One Civic Plaza Northwest, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2008 – Giving Shelter 516 Arts Albuquerque, New Mexico (A Sister Exhibition to the Cradle Project) * 2008 – Betty Hahn, Joyce Neimanas, and Judith Golden, Harwood Art Center Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2009 – Through the Lens: Creating Santa Fe, Palace of the Governors, The New Mexico History Museum, Santa Fe, New Mexico * 2009 – Altered Land: Photography in the 1970s, Sheldon Museum of Art, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska * 2010 – Sole Mates Cowboy Boots & Art, New Mexico Museum of Art * 2010 – Rock Scissors Paper, Anderson Contemporary Arts, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2010 – Recollection 2010, Works from the Colorado Photographic Arts Center, The Central Library, Vida Ellison Gallery, Denver, Colorado * 2012 – 60 From the 60's (an exhibit of influential photos from the 1960s) George Eastman House, Rochester, New York * 2012 – Albuquerque Now-Fall and Albuquerque Now-Winter, The Albuquerque Museum of Art and History, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2013 – It's About Time: 14,000 Years of Art in New Mexico, The New Mexico Museum of Art, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2014 – Alternative Lineage – Honoring Betty Hahn; 5 Decades of Mentoring * 2014 – Alternative Photographic Processes, Center for Photographic Art Carmel, California * 2014 – Alternative Lineage, Northlight Gallery, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona * 2014 – Transformational Imagemaking, Handmade Photography Since 1960 * 2014 – An Exhibition Curated by Robert Hirsch, CEPA Gallery, Buffalo, New York * 2014 – Museum Project, dnj Gallery, Santa Monica, California * 2014 – American Heritage Center and Art Museum, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming * 2014 – Hubbard Museum of the American West, Ruidoso, New Mexico * 2015 - One-Of-A-Kind, unique photographic objects from the Center of Creative Photography, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona * 2015 – Unconfined – Empowering Women Through Art, African American Performing Arts Center, New Mexico Expo, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2015 – Visualizing Albuquerque: Art of Central New Mexico, Albuquerque Museum, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2015 – Healing ... For the Time Being, A mixed media exhibition in conjunction with On the Map: Albuquerque Art and Design, Jonathan Abrams Maryland * 2015 – The AIPAD Photography Show, Represented by Joseph Bellows Gallery, New York, New York * 2016 – Transformational Imagemaking, traveling exhibition March-16- April 16; Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania * 2016 – Fall-Rochester Institute of Technology, Bevier Gallery, Rochester, New York * 2016 – 60 from the 60's: Selections from the George Eastman Museum, At the Hyde Collection, Glens Falls, New York * 2016 – Transcendent Photography Betty Hahn and Patrick Nagatani Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Government Center, One Civic Plaza, Albuquerque, New Mexico * 2016 – Look Inside: New Photographic Acquisitions, University of Texas Ransom Center, Austin, Texas * 2016 – Light Works: A Century of Great Photography, Muscarelle Museum of Art, The College of William and Mary, Williamsport, Virginia * 2016 – After Modernism, Beyond the Medium, Museum of New Mexico Museum of Fine Arts, Santa Fe, New Mexico * 2016 – A History of Photography, The George Eastman Museum, History of Photography Gallery, Rochester, New York == Kyauta == * Kyautar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Masu Hoton Fasaha, $25,000 * Kyautar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Masu Hoton Fasaha, $10,000 * Majalisar Jihar New York don Fasaha $5,000 * Garner, Gretchen. ''Shaida mai ɓacewa: canji a cikin ɗaukar hoto na Amurka na ƙarni na ashirin'' . JHU Press, 2003. * Harrison, Joan. "Launi a cikin tsari na danko-bichromate: Ƙwararren sirri na musamman." ''Tarihin Hotuna'' 17.4 (1993): shafi na 369-376. == Manazarta == <references /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://learninglab.si.edu/collections/photographer-hahn-betty-nmahphc/TMf1fb5W6xauKCUg Betty Hahn tarin] a gidan tarihi na Smithsonian National Museum of American History [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 8rtqa3qp3l2owg49gib85ju2w860zsf 0 99937 839073 616304 2026-05-22T18:26:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Atukwei John Okai''' (15 Maris 1941 <ref>{{Cite web |date=1992 |title=Uhuru Magazine, Volume 4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igQOAQAAMAAJ&q=Atukwei+Okai+March+15,+1941 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717210138/https://books.google.com/books?id=igQOAQAAMAAJ&q=Atukwei+Okai+March+15,+1941&dq=Atukwei+Okai+March+15,+1941&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIs-32-JzcAhWRL1AKHVozDIUQ6AEIJDAA |archive-date=17 July 2018 |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=Uhuru Communications Limited}}</ref> - 13 Yuli 2018) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 July 2018 |title=Prof Atukwei Okai has died |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/July-13th/prof-atukwei-okai-has-died.php |website=Myjoyonline.com |access-date=13 May 2025 |archive-date=14 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714021254/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/July-13th/prof-atukwei-okai-has-died.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> mawaƙin Ghana ne, ɗan gwagwarmayar al'adu da ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2018 |title=Profile of the late Prof Atukwei Okai |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Profile-of-the-late-Prof-Atukwei-Okai-668610 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714113615/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Profile-of-the-late-Prof-Atukwei-Okai-668610 |archive-date=14 July 2018 |access-date=17 July 2018 |website=mobile.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> Ya kasance Sakatare-Janar na Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Pan African, kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Marubuta ta Ghana. An buga aikinsa na farko a ƙarƙashin sunan '''John Okai'''. Tare da waƙarsa da ta samo asali a cikin al'adar baka, an yarda da shi gabaɗaya cewa shi ne mawaƙin farko na ainihin mawaƙin da ya fito daga Afirka, kuma an kira aikinsa "har ila yau, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma, ɗaya daga cikin manyan damuwarsa shine Pan-Africanism".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2022}}Ayyukan da ya yi a rediyo da talabijin a duk duniya sun haɗa da fitowar 1975 da aka yaba a [[London Literature Festival|Poetry International]] a zauren Sarauniya Elizabeth a [[Landan|London]], inda ya raba dandalin <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">da</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Amurka Stanley Kunitz da Robert Lowell, da Nicolás Guillén na [[Cuba]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1941]] jay86w2kbqpbwub4uspuap3k2oujdfk 0 100731 839220 621817 2026-05-23T01:50:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sultanat_de_Zanzibar_vèrs_1875.png|thumb| Sultanate of Zanzibar, 1875]] [[Fayil:Tippu_Tip_(Muhammed_el_Murjebi_also_Hemed_bin_Mohammed).jpg|thumb| Tip Tip]] [[Fayil:Nyangwe.jpg|right|thumb| Wasu bayi Larabawa sun harbe mata a kasuwar Nyangwe a lokacin kisan gillar da David Livingstone ya shaida a 1871.]] [[Fayil:Sansibar,_Sultanspalast.jpg|thumb| Sultan's Palace, Zanzibar]] [[Fayil:Slavery_in_Zanzibar_RMG_E9093.tiff|thumb| Bauta a Zanzibar]] '''Bauta''' ya wanzu a cikin Sultanate na Zanzibar har 1909. Bauta da cinikin bayi sun kasance a cikin Tsibirin Zanzibar na akalla shekaru dubu. Lokacin da noman alkama da kwakwa suka zama babban masana'antu a tsibiran, bautar cikin gida ya faɗaɗa inda kashi biyu bisa uku na al'ummar bayi suke. Zanzibar dai ta kasance kasa ta farko da aka santa a matsayin babbar mai taka rawa a [[Cinikin bayi na Tekun Indiya|cinikin bayi a tekun Indiya]], inda aka yi safarar bayi daga gabar tekun Swahili na Gabashin Afirka ta tekun Indiya zuwa kasar Oman a yankin Larabawa a lokacin '''cinikin bayi na Zanzibar''' . A cikin karni na 19, Biritaniya ta gudanar da yakin kawar da kasa da kasa a kan Sultanate kuma ta ƙuntata kuma a ƙarshe ta soke bautar da cinikin bayi a Zanzibar ta hanyar yarjejeniya da yawa tsakanin 1822 zuwa 1897, wanda ya haifar da ƙarshen cinikin bayi kuma a ƙarshe ƙarshen bautar kanta a 1909. == Tarihi == Ba a san lokacin da aka fara cinikin bayi daga Zanzibar ba, kuma wataƙila ya wanzu kafin Larabawa su isa yankin a ƙarni na 8. A lokacin tsakiyar zamanai, Zanzibaru Archipelago ya zama wani sashi na al'adun Swahili kuma mallakar Khwajan Archiplogo da bayi.<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. 165</ref> A cikin 1690s, daga ƙarshe ya zama haɗin kai tare da Oman a cikin Daular Omani (1696-1856).<ref>Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 77</ref> == Cinikin bayi a Zanzibar == Kasuwancin bayi ya ƙunshi kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kuɗin shiga ga Sarkin Musulmi tare da hauren giwa da ƙwanƙwasa.<ref>Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 77</ref> Ana yawan hayar bawan nan na kasuwancin kasuwanci, kuma ma'aikatansu sun hada da maza da bayi masu 'yanci na Larabawa-Swaihili, tare da raba ribar ta tsarin rabon ma'aikata-Captain.<ref>Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. p. 80</ref> === Hanyar bautar Arewa === Zanzibar ta kasance tare da [[Oman]] a cikin daular Omani (1696-1856), don haka tarihin cinikin bayi yana da alaƙa da tarihin Oman. An kai bayi daga gabar tekun Swahili ta Zanzibar zuwa Oman, kuma daga Oman zuwa Farisa da sauran kasashen Larabawa da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Tare, Zanzibar da Oman sun mamaye cinikin bayi a Tekun Indiya a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19. Wannan ya ci gaba bayan da aka karye tsakanin Zanzibar da Oman a cikin 1856 kuma an raba Masarautar a cikin Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856-1964) da Sultanate na Muscat da Oman (1856-1970).<ref>Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 77</ref> Bayan hadewar Zanzibar da Oman, bayi sun zama babbar masana'antar Zanzibar tare da hauren giwa da albasa. Bautar Larabawa, jirgin ruwa, yawanci ana hayar su ne ko kuma wani ɓangare na wani kamfani ne na kasuwanci, tare da ma'aikatan Larabawa da Swaihili, wani bangare ko cikakken bauta, wanda aka raba ribar tsakanin mai shi, da kyaftin da ma'aikatan jirgin (ma'aikatan jirgin da aka bauta sai sun ba da rabin albashinsu ga bawa).<ref>Asian and African Systems of Slavery. (1980). Storbritannien: University of California Press. 80</ref> Ba a san adadin masu safarar bayi ba, amma wani kiyasi shi ne cewa an yi fataucin bayi kusan 2250 tsakanin Zanzibar da Jaziratul Arab a tsakanin 1700 zuwa 1815.<ref>Sheriff, A., Teelock, V., Wahab, S. O., Peerthum, S. (2016). Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius: a comparative history. Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. 36</ref> Bayan shekara ta 1867, yakin da Birtaniyya ta yi kan cinikin bayi a tekun Indiya ya gamu da cikas daga hannun bayin Omani ta hanyar amfani da kalar Faransanci masu fataucin bayi zuwa kasashen Larabawa da Tekun Fasha daga Gabashin Afirka har zuwa Kudancin Mozambique, wanda Faransawa suka yi hakuri har zuwa 1905, lokacin da Kotun Kasa da Kasa ta Hague ta umurci Faransa da ta rage tutocin Faransa zuwa Omani. duk da haka, an ci gaba da safarar bayi daga gabashin Afirka zuwa Larabawa har zuwa shekarun 1960.<ref>Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 25</ref> === Hanyar bautar Kudu === Tsibiran Faransa a cikin Tekun Indiya da farko sun shigo da bayinsu daga Fotigal na Mozambique da [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], amma a cikin 1775 dan kasuwa na Faransa na farko ya ziyarci Zanzibar kuma ya sami bayi 1625 a ziyararsa biyu na farko, wanda ya bude hanyar "hanyar Kudu" daga Zanzibar zuwa Faransa [[Moris|Mauritius]], Réunion da [[Seychelles]] . [[Moris|Mauritius]] da [[Seychelles]] sun zama Turawan mulkin mallaka a shekara ta 1815, kuma Birtaniyya ta kawo karshen cinikin bayi na shari'a zuwa tsibirin. A shekara ta 1848, Faransa ta soke bautar da aka yi a Faransa. == Kasuwar bayi == An rarraba bayi a Zanzibar a matsayin ma'aikatan shuka ( ''shamba'' ), bayin gida, ƙwaraƙwarai ( ''suria'' ), masu sana'a, coolies ( ''wachukuzi'' ) da masu aikin rana ( ''vibarua'' ).<ref>Sheriff, A., Teelock, V., Wahab, S. O., Peerthum, S. (2016). Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius: a comparative history. Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. 37</ref> Bayan bullo da tattalin arzikin noman noma, ba wai kawai ana fitar da bayi ta hanyar Zanzibar ba, amma shigo da bayi zuwa Masarautar Sarkin Musulmi ya karu saboda bukatar masu aikin bautar da suke noman ciyawa, da tsinke, da bushewa da tsiro a kan gonakin dawa da kwakwa. Bayi suna da arha a Zanzibar, kuma kowane mai 'yanci a Zanzibar ya mallaki bayi. A cikin shekarun 1850, kashi biyu bisa uku na al'ummar Zanzibar an kiyasta cewa sun kasance bayi. Gabaɗaya, bayi mata sun fi fifiko a kasuwar bayi a duniyar Musulunci. Kasuwancin bayi na Zanzibar ya mayar da hankali kan yara "dalilin da dillalan suka bayar shi ne, ana korar yara cikin sauƙi, kamar garken tumaki...", musamman 'yan mata; yayin da aka siyar da wani "sabon yaro" da ya zo daga ƙasar kan farashin 7- $15 a shekara ta 1857, an sayar da wata yarinya mai shekaru bakwai zuwa takwas akan 10- $18 . === Bayi mata === Kasuwar bayi na mata a masarautar Sarkin Musulmi ta bi tsarin da aka saba a duniyar Musulunci. Ana sayar da bayi mata don amfani da su a matsayin bayin gida ( ''ayah'' ) ko don bautar jima'i a matsayin ƙwaraƙwarai.<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. p. 166</ref> Baya ga kuyangi mata da ake amfani da su a matsayin ƙwaraƙwara a cikin ’yan baranda, su ma bayi mata suna yin karuwanci. Yayin da akwai karuwai maza, akwai 'yan kaɗan ko kuma babu 'yan matan karuwanci a Zanzibar. Dokar Musulunci ta haramta karuwanci a hukumance. Sai dai kuma da yake shari’ar Musulunci ta ba wa namiji damar yin jima’i da kuyanginsa, sai wani dan iska ya rika yin karuwanci da dan iska ya siyar da kuyanginsa a kasuwar kuyanga ga wani abokin ciniki, wanda ya mayar da mallakarta bayan kwana 1-2 bisa dalilin rashin jin dadi bayan ya sadu da ita, wanda hakan hanya ce ta halal da karbuwa ta karuwanci a duniyar Musulunci.<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. p. 180</ref> A cikin 1844 karamin jakadan Burtaniya ya lura cewa akwai mata Larabawa 'yanta 400 da maza 800 a Zanzibar, kuma Burtaniya ta lura cewa yayin da karuwai kusan babu su, maza sun sayi “mata na biyu” ( ƙwaraƙwaran bayi) a kasuwar bayi don gamsuwa da jima'i; "Karuwai na jama'a kaɗan ne, kuma sana'ar tana ƙasa da ƙasa inda azuzuwan da suka dogara da su za su iya samun sauƙin biyan bukatunsu a cikin kasuwar bayi",<ref>B. Belli, "Registered female prostitution in the Ottoman Empire (1876-1909)," Ph.D. - Doctoral Program, Middle East Technical University, 2020. p 56</ref> da Jakadan Amurka Richard Waters yayi sharhi a cikin 1837 cewa mutanen Larabawa a Zanzibar "suna yin zina da fasikanci ta hanyar kiyaye uku ko hudu, wani lokacin kuma ƙwaraƙwarai shida da takwas".<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> <ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Sultan Seyyid Said ya amsa wa karamin jakadan Burtaniya cewa al'adar ta zama dole, domin "Larabawa ba za su yi aiki ba; dole ne su kasance da bayi da kuyangi". Sau da yawa matan bayin nasu sun yi wa ƙwaraƙwaran wulakanci, waɗanda ake iƙirarin cewa “sun [mallake] ƙwaraƙwaran da sandar ƙarfe”.<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Sultan Barghash (r. 1870 – 1888) ya auri mata daya kawai, wadda ta yi masa bukatar kada ya taba amincewa da ‘ya’yan da ya haifa tare da kuyanginsa a matsayin nasa (ma’ana matan ba su zama umm walad ba kuma ba su da ‘yanci bayan mutuwar bawansu).<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> <ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> A cikin rahotonsa na zamani ''Wani rahoto game da Bauta da Ciniki a Zanzibar, Pemba, da kuma yankin Gabashin Birtaniya na Gabashin Afirka'' daga 1895, Donald MacKenzie ya lura cewa bautar jima'i ba ta haifar da yara da yawa ba, wanda ya buƙaci buƙatar shigar da bayi akai-akai: "Yana da ban sha'awa cewa bayi suna da amma 'yan mata suna bi da su, amma yara ƙanƙanta ne. Larabawa da sauransu ; don haka ya zama wajibi a ci gaba da shigo da danyen bayi daga kasashen waje don samar da bukata. Na yi matukar burge ni da shaidar rashin karuwa a tsakanin bayi game da yara. Ɗaukar adadin mutuwa a 30 a kowace mil, sama da bayi 7,000 dole ne a shigo da su a kowace shekara don samar da wannan rashi a cikin aikin." <ref>MacKenzie, D. (1895). A Report on Slavery and the Slave Trade in Zanzibar, Pemba, and the Mainland of the British Protectorates of East Africa. Storbritannien: (n.p.). p. 17-18</ref> === Gidan Mata na Sarauta === Tsarin gidan mata na sarauta a Zanzibar yana da kama da sauran gidajen mata na sarauta a lokacin. Bayin eunuch (mazan da aka cire musu gaba) ne ke kula da tsaro da harkokin cikin gidan, yayin da bayin mata ke kula da bukatun surukai, matan sarki da sauran dangin mata. Tarihin [[Emily Ruete]], ‘yar sarauniya, na bayar da cikakken bayani game da gidan mata na sarauta. Sarkin [[Seyyid Said]] yana da mata uku na aure, amma duk da haka ba su haifi yara ba, amma ya haifi yara 36, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa surukansa ne suka haifi yaran.<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Ana kiran surukan da ''sarari'' ko ''suria'', kuma sukan kasance daga kabilu daban-daban, musamman daga Habasha ko Circassian.<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Matan Habasha, Indiya da kuma Circassian (fata-fari) sun fi tsada fiye da yawancin matan Afirka da ake sayarwa a kasuwar bayi ta Zanzibar, kuma matan fata-fari sun fi tsada sosai har ana tanadar da su ne musamman ga gidan mata na sarauta.<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Ana kiran matan bayi farare da suna ''[[Jariyeh bayza|jariyeh bayza]]'' kuma ana kawosu zuwa Oman da Zanzibar ta hanyar Farisa (Iran). Ana cewa matar bayi fara "na iya sa gidan mai wadata ya zama ba za a zauna a ciki ba."<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Kalmar "Circassian" ba lallai ba ne tana nufin kabilar Circassian kawai; ana amfani da ita gabaɗaya don kowace mace fata-fari, ciki har da ‘yan Georgia ko Bulgaria.<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Emily Ruete ta bayyana cewa mahaifiyarta Jilfidan, wacce ta fito daga kasuwar bayi ta Circassian, ta shigo gidan mata na sarauta a matsayin suruka tun tana ƙarama.<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Lokacin da Sarkin [[Said bin Sultan]] ya rasu a 1856, yana da surukai bayi guda 75 a cikin gidansa na mata.<ref>Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> Emily Ruete ta bayyana halin rayuwa a gidan mata na sarauta kamar haka: : "Larabci ne kawai harshen da aka amince da amfani da shi a gaban mahaifina. Amma da zarar ya juya baya, ana shiga cikin hargitsi na harsuna iri-iri, inda ake haɗa Larabci, Farisanci, Turkiyanci, Circassian, Swahili, Nubian, da Abyssinian — da kuma wasu lahajojinsu. [...] A gidajen Bet il Mtoni da Bet il Sahel ana girki ne da salon Larabawa, Farisawa da kuma Turawa. Kabilu daban-daban ne ke zaune a wadannan gidaje biyu — kuma kowacce kabila na da nata kyau. Bayi suna sanye da kayan gargajiya na Swahili, amma mu matan gida sai da kayan Larabawa kawai. Duk wata sabuwar mace daga Circassia ko Habasha sai ta canza kayan rigarta da aka saba dashi cikin kwanaki uku, zuwa kayan Larabawa da aka tanada mata. [...] A rana ta bakwai bayan haihuwar yaro, mahaifina kan kai masa ziyara tare da mahaifiyarsa don ba da kayan ado ga jaririn. Haka kuma duk sabuwar suruka na samun kayan ado da bayin da za su yi mata hidima daga shugaban eunuch."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=L7eVBQAAQBAJ&dq=zanzibar+slavery+concubines&pg=PT31] Sex, Power, and Slavery. (2014). Grekland: Ohio University Press.</ref> === Bayi maza === Yawancin matan bayi, bayin ''eunuch'', da yara ana amfani da su a cikin birane a matsayin masu aikin gida ko kuma surukai (bayin jima’i), amma kaɗan daga cikin bayin maza marasa yankewa (wato ba eunuch ba) ake amfani da su a birane a matsayin masu sana’a ko kuma masu ɗaukar kaya (''hamalis'').<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). ''Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History''. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. shafi na 166.</ref> Mafi yawan bayin maza marasa yankewa kuwa ana tura su ne gonakin ƙamshi da ƙwakwa domin aikin bauta mai wahala.<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). ''Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History''. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. shafi na 166.</ref> A shekarar 1828, sarki ya umurci Larabawan da ke zaune a Zanzibar da su noma wani kaso na ƙamshi; kuma tun da mazauna asalin tsibirin, wato ''Shirazi'', sun musulunta, ba a halatta a bautar da su ba. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaruwar shigo da bayi daga waje don aikin noma.<ref>Sheriff, A., Teelock, V., Wahab, S. O., Peerthum, S. (2016). ''Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius: a comparative history''. Senegal: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. shafi na 38.</ref> Umarni daga sarkin ya haifar da gina tattalin arziki a kan gonakin ƙamshi da ƙwakwa, musamman a tsibiran [[Unguja]], [[Pemba]] da gabar ƙasar masarautar. Hakan ya sa an fara amfani da bayi a cikin tsibiran, inda a da ana sayar da su ne a kasuwa maimakon a rike su.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). ''Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa: From Honor to Respectability''. Biritaniya: Cambridge University Press. shafi na 43.</ref> Duk da cewa baƙar fata ba su kadai ne ake bautar da su ba, akwai wariyar launin fata mai tsanani daga wasu Larabawa a kansu. Ana kiran bayin baƙar fata da ''washenzi'' (''marasa wayewa''), kuma yayin da ake cin zarafin matan bayin Afirka ta hanyar jima’i daga masu su, wani rubutun Larabci ''Alf Laylah Wa Laylah'' ya ce: “Mace ta gari (Larabiyya) za ta fi so ta mutu a maimakon ta bari baƙar fata ya taɓa ta.”<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). ''Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History''. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. shafi na 167.</ref> Bautar da ake yi a Zanzibar ta kasance mai tsanani, inda akai-akai ake cin zarafi da azabtar da bayi. Akwai lokutan da ake tilasta musu su musulunta.<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). ''Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History''. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. shafi na 167.</ref> Wasu daga cikin masu bayi, musamman masu gonaki, suna da mugun suna wajen azabtar da bayinsu. Misali, [[Princess Khole]] da dangin Hinaway – waɗanda ke da bayi har 600 – an san su da tsananta musu. Idan an kama bayin da suka gudu, ana kai su wuraren hukunci irin su Mapinguni (wurin sarƙa), Mgooni (tarkon kifi) ko Mashimoni (ramuka na horo).<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). ''Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History''. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. shafi na 175.</ref> 'Yantar da bayi yakan faru ne kawai a lokacin mutuwar mai bayi, wanda ke fatan samun lada a lahira. Amma hakan ba ya yawan faruwa; da dama daga cikin bayi suna ƙoƙarin tserewa, musamman daga gonaki, kuma da yawa sukan mutu sakamakon tsananin hukuncin da ake musu idan an kama su.<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). ''Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History''. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. shafi na 173.</ref> ==Gwaggwarmaya da cinikin bayi== ===Yunkurin farko=== Burtaniya ta takaita cinikin bayi a Zanzibar ta hanyar yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban tun daga shekarar 1822. A cikin yarjejeniyar [[Moresby Treaty]] ta shekarar 1822, an haramta cinikin bayi daga kudu da gabas, kuma a cikin yarjejeniyar [[Hamerton Treaty]] ta shekarar 1845, an takaita cinikin zuwa arewa ma.<ref>Sheriff, A., Teelock, V., Wahab, S. O., Peerthum, S. (2016). *Transition from slavery in Zanzibar and Mauritius: a comparative history*. Senegal: CODESRIA. shafi na 39</ref> Yarjejeniyar Hammerton ta 1845 da Burtaniya ta kulla ta takaita cinikin bayi a matsayin doka ne kawai a cikin yankin Zanzibar, amma har yanzu Zanzibar tana shigo da bayi daga Kilwa a gabar tekun Gabas ta Afirka zuwa Madagascar da Comoros da takardu na hukuma don cinikin bayi a arewa.<ref>*Asian and African Systems of Slavery.* (1980). Burtaniya: University of California Press. shafi na 78</ref> A cikin yarjejeniyar 1867 da Burtaniya, an matsa lamba wa Zanzibar da ta dakatar da fitar da bayi zuwa Arabiya, tare da takaita cinikin bayi a cikin iyakokin sultananci daga latitude 9 kudu na Kilwa zuwa latitude 4 kudu na Lamu.<ref>Mbogoni, L. E. Y. (2013). *Aspects of Colonial Tanzania History*. Tanzania: Mkuki na Nyota. shafi na 172</ref> ===Yarjejeniyar 1873=== A cikin 1872, [[Henry Bartle Frere]] ya tafi Zanzibar don tattauna dakatar da cinikin bayi. A cikin yarjejeniyar [[Frere Treaty]] ta 1873 da Burtaniya, Sarki Turki ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da ta wajabta wa Zanzibar daina shigo da bayi daga nahiyar zuwa tsibiran.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa: From Honor to Respectability*. Burtaniya: Cambridge University Press. shafi na 44</ref> Yarjejeniyar ta hada da “bayi da aka nufa da sufuri daga wani yanki na mulkin Sarki zuwa wani, ko amfani da kasarsa wajen wucewa zuwa wasu kasashe. Duk wanda aka kama yana da hannu zai fuskanci tsarewa da hukunci daga jami’an jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya, kuma duk wani bawan da ya shiga mulkin Sarki zai samu 'yanci."<ref>Yusuf Abdallah Al Ghailani: ''[https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticlepdf/16/6/1/213+The Anglo-Omani Action over the Slave Trade: 1873-1903] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325085230/https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticlepdf/16/6/1/213+The |date=2024-03-25 }}'', shafi na 12-13</ref> Duk da haka, cinikin bayi ya ci gaba da gudana da boyayyen hanya. Bayan yarjejeniyar Frere, sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya sun fara sintiri tsakanin nahiyar Gabas ta Afirka da tsibiran Zanzibar domin hana jigilar bayi.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa*. shafi na 47</ref> A shekarar 1875, ana ci gaba da shigo da kusan bayi 10,000 a kowane wata a Zanzibar, kuma an samu rikice-rikice tsakanin jiragen bayi na Larabawa da sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa*. shafi na 48</ref> Bayan haramta fitar da bayi daga Zanzibar zuwa Larabawa, ana tilasta wa bayi yin tafiya ta kasa zuwa Somalia domin su samu jiragen ruwa zuwa Arabiya daga can.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa*. shafi na 47</ref> ===Dokar 1890=== A cikin 1890, bayan matsin lamba daga Burtaniya, Sarki na Zanzibar ya fitar da wata doka da ta haramta "musu, saye ko ciniki da bayi - ko na cikin gida ko na kasuwa"; an hana saye da sayar da bayi a cikin iyakokin Zanzibar, kuma an hana gada da bayi sai daga uba zuwa yara. Ba a haramta bautar gaba daya ba, amma an ba bayi damar sayen 'yancinsu, kuma yara da suka haifu daga 1890 zuwa gaba za su zama 'yantattu.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). ''Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa''. shafi na 47</ref> Yunkurin aiwatar da wannan doka a tsibirin Pemba a 1895 ya haifar da zanga-zanga mai tsanani daga manyan Larabawa da 'yan kasuwa.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). ''Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa''. shafi na 48</ref> Kungiyoyin Burtaniya masu adawa da bauta kamar ''Friends Anti-Slavery Committee'' sun fara kamfen a jaridu kamar [[The Times of London|Times London]] domin matsa lamba wa gwamnati ta tilasta wa Zanzibar ta haramta bauta gaba daya.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). ''Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa''. shafi na 48</ref> ===Kawowa da abin da ya biyo baya=== [[File:Stamp of Zanzibar - 1965 - Colnect 413541 - Soldier and map.jpeg|thumb|Tambarin Zanzibar - 1965 - Soja da taswira]] A 1897, Burtaniya ta tilasta wa Sarki ya soke bautar ta hanyar bayyana cewa ba ta da ingantacciyar matsayin doka.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa*. shafi na 49</ref><ref>{{Citation |publisher = Yale University Press |isbn = 0300024541 |location = New Haven |title = From slaves to squatters: plantation labor and agriculture in Zanzibar and coastal Kenya, 1890-1925 , p. 295|author = Frederick Cooper |date = 1980 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/fromslavestosqua0000coop }}</ref><ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/law-and-history-review/article/sultans-of-zanzibar-and-the-abolition-of-slavery-in-east-africa/5E0A2E2F535C15592ED9485E6BCC767D</ref> Bayan haramta bauta, an kafa kotun *Slavery Commissioners* tare da jami’an Burtaniya don karɓa da aiwatar da bukatun neman 'yanci daga tsoffin bayi.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa*. shafi na 78</ref> Daga shekarar 1897 zuwa 1909, bayi 12,000 suka nemi 'yanci a Unguja da Pemba, inda 55-63 daga cikinsu mata ne, amma su ne kankanin kashi cikin bayi gaba daya.<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa*. shafi na 56</ref> A shekarar 1897, mafi yawan jama’a a Pemba ba su san da dokar 1890 ba, kuma sun ki amincewa da haramta bauta. Emily Keys ta bayyana a 1898 cewa wasu 'yan mishan na Faransa sun kara tayar da hankalin shugabannin Larabawan Pemba "wanda suke barazanar harbin duk wanda ya zo tsibirin."<ref>McMahon, E. (2013). *Slavery and Emancipation in Islamic East Africa*. shafi na 56</ref> ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Slave Holding Cell with Manacles - Under St. Monica's Hostel - Stone Town - Zanzibar - Tanzania (8841346935).jpg|Dakin tsare bayi tare da sarƙaƙƙiya. File:A site of the former slave market in Mkunazini area ,march 2021.jpg|Wurin da kasuwar bayi ta kasance a yankin Mkunazini. File:Contemporary Engraving of Zanzibar Slave Market - World's Last Open Slave Market - Outside Anglican Cathedral - Stone Town - Zanzibar - Tanzania (8842023408).jpg|Zane na zamani na kasuwar bayi ta Zanzibar. File:Slave boat1869.jpg|Jirgin bayi, 1869 </gallery> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Rukuni:Bauta a Afirka]] md728x2ma617ds5gl2h9ipsbxs8z76a 0 100978 839024 623479 2026-05-22T12:07:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ann El Safi''' ( Arabic ), cikakken suna '''Ann Adil Ya'Seen Hajj El Safi''' ( Arabic ) ɗan jarida ɗan ƙasar Sudan ne, marubuci, marubuci, kuma injiniya. Har zuwa 2019, ta buga wakoki da litattafai da kuma labarai kan kafofin watsa labarai a cikin al'ummomin zamani a cikin harshenta [[Larabci|na Larabci]]. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi El Safi a [[Sudan]] . Tana zaune tsakanin [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]] da Kanada kuma tana aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida, haka kuma malami kuma mai horarwa a fagen haɓakawa da [[Albarkatun dan'adam|sarrafa albarkatun ɗan adam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2019 |title=الروائية السودانية آن الصافي في حوار مع (ألوان) |url=http://www.alwandaily.com/?p=9047 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223085550/http://www.alwandaily.com/?p=9047 |archive-date=23 December 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview With Novelist Ann Al-Safi{{!}} Sudanow Magazine |url=https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=360 |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=sudanow-magazine.net}}</ref> A cikin 1996, ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a [[Kwamfuta injiniyarin|fannin Injiniyan Kwamfuta]] daga Jami'ar Gabashin Bahar Rum, sannan ta yi aiki a reshen Abu Dhabi na Lucent Technologies na tsawon shekaru bakwai. El Safi ya kuma yi karatu tare da kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Waka da ke Abu Dhabi. Ita memba ce ta Cibiyar Al'adu ta Abu Dhabi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2021 |title=مع كتابات.. آن الصافي: في السودان تنوع جغرافي غني بثقافات مميزة – كتابات |url=https://kitabat.com/cultural/%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%AC%D8%BA/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201091532/https://kitabat.com/cultural/%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B9-%D8%AC%D8%BA/ |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=السيرة الذاتية والأدبية السودانية آن الصافي {{!}} آفاق حرة للثقافة |url=http://www.afaqhorra.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A2%D9%86/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130024702/http://www.afaqhorra.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A2%D9%86/ |archive-date=30 November 2020 |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> El Safi ya buga labarai da kasidu a cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban na Larabci da Sudan. Misali, an buga labarinta na "Breath of Words" da "Cultural Attaché" a cikin jaridar ''Al-Sahafa'' ta Sudan. Ta kuma buga kasidu da kasidu a cikin Mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwNA">Al-Hilal</i></nowiki> ta Masar. Bugu da kari, tana ba da gudummawa ga shafi na wata-wata mai taken "Kimiyya da Wasika" a cikin Mujallar Dar Al Hilal Publishing House. A lokuta daban-daban, El Safi ya kuma buga labarai a shafukan al'adu na jaridar ''Al-Jazeera'' [[Saudi Arebiya|ta Saudiyya]], da kuma kasidu akai-akai a karkashin rukunin "Rubuta don Gaba" a cikin jaridar ''Ech-Chaab'' ta Aljeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=كتابات في الميزان / عن دار فضاءات للنشر والتوزيع (الكتابة للمستقبل) للكاتبة آن الصافي : دار فضاءات |url=https://www.kitabat.info/subject.php?id=68653 |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=www.kitabat.info |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209095539/https://www.kitabat.info/subject.php?id=68653 |url-status=dead }}</ref> El Safi ta halarci tarurrukan tarurrukan da dama da suka mayar da hankali kan adabin Larabci da [[Adabin Afirka|na Afirka]] tare da takardun bincike. A bikin Al-Qareen na shekara-shekara na 25 na al'adu, ta raba takarda mai taken Zamani Media da Ra'ayin Jama'a: Yadda Kafafen Yada Labarai A Zamani Ke Tasirin Ra'ayin Jama'a. A cikin 2019 ta shiga cikin Dandalin Adabin Larabci na Moroccan Oyoon tare da wani binciken mai taken "Haƙuri a matsayin Tubalan Gina don Rubutu don Gaba". <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2021 |title=المجلس الوطني للثقافة والفنون الأداب. تغطية جلسات مساء اليوم الثاني والختام |url=https://www.nccal.gov.kw/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201091550/https://www.nccal.gov.kw/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85 |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> A cikin 2014, El Safi ta buga littafinta na farko mai suna ''The Ark of Seduction'' (Larabci: فُلك الغواية). Bayan haka, ta sake buga wasu litattafai guda takwas. Littafin littafinta ''The Bread of Gypsies'' (Larabci: خبز الغجر) an buga shi a cikin 2019. A can, ta yi magana da batutuwa kamar al'umma da tattalin arziki, dangantakar da ke tsakanin al'adu da al'ummomi daban-daban, da kuma mahimmancin hakuri, yarda, da haɗin kai a cikin al'ummomi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2020 |title=آن الصافي: الثقافة السودانية انتصرت على ثلاثة عقود من الخراب {{!}} حنان عقيل {{!}} صحيفة العرب |url=https://alarab.co.uk/%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126180443/https://alarab.co.uk/%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=حسن |first=أيمن عبدالسميع |date=14 October 2020 |title=آن الصافي تعترف بتأثير جدتها في كتاباتها {{!}} أيمن عبدالسميع حسن |url=https://middle-east-online.com/%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7 |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=MEO |language=ar}}</ref> A cikin jerin mahimman marubutan mata na Sudan a cikin mujallar ArabLit, marubucin Sudan Abdelaziz Baraka Sakin ya ba da shawarar littafin El Safi na 2016 ''Kama al-Ruh (Kamar ruhi)'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynx Qualey |first=Marcia |date=2019-08-31 |title=#TranslateThis: 10 Arab Authors Recommend Books by Women Writers |url=https://arablit.org/2019/08/31/we-recommend-women/ |access-date=2022-07-29 |website=ARABLIT & ARABLIT QUARTERLY |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Akwatin Lalata!'' ( asali taken: ''Fulk Al-Ghawaya!'' ), 2014 * ''Jameel Nadaband'', 2015 * ''Nasara'' (sunan asali: ''Tawali'' ), 2015 * ''Wakar Mai Ba da labari'' ( asalin taken: ''Kafiyat Al-Rawi'' ), 2015 * ''Kamar'' ruhi (sunan asali: ''Kama al-Ruh'' ), 2016 * ''Rubutu don gaba - Kashi na I'' ( asalin taken: ''Al-Kitaba Lil-Mustaqbal - Al Juz' Al-Awal'' ), 2016 * ''Rubuce-rubuce don gaba - Sashe na II'' (sunan asali: ''Al-Kitaba Lil-Mustaqbal - Al Juz' Al-Thani'' ) * ''Shi ne'' ( asalin taken: ''Inaho Huwa'' ), 2017 * ''Mirha'', 2018 * ''Gurasar Gypsies'', ( asalin taken: ''Khubz al-Gajr'' ), 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |title=آن الصافي: الكتابة للمستقبل تحررنا من التكرار |url=https://www.alittihad.ae/article/59113/2015/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223085553/https://www.alittihad.ae/article/59113/2015/ |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> * ''Tafiya Akan Gilashin'', ( asalin taken: ''Al mashi ala al zujaj'' ), 2022 == Gudunmawa == El Safi ya halarci taron adabi, gami da: * Abu Dhabi International Book Festival na shekaru (2012-2017) * Taron Fassarar Abu Dhabi na Ƙasashen Duniya, wani ɓangare na Bikin Littattafai na Duniya na tsawon shekaru (2012-2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2018 |title=آن الصافي {{!}} جائزة كتارا للرواية العربية |url=http://www.kataranovels.com/novelist/%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803010749/http://www.kataranovels.com/novelist/%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A/ |archive-date=3 August 2018 |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> * Tekun Al'adu Cibiyar, Abu Dhabi na shekaru (2012-2017) * Al-Khartoum International Book Festival (2014) * Bahrain International Book Festival * Alkahira International Littattafai (2017) * Yayi jawabi a Salon Fatima Al-Oliani a Oman (2016) * Kasance cikin abubuwan da Babban Ofishin Dindindin na Marubutan Larabci da Littafin Larabci ya shirya na tsawon shekaru (2014-2015) * Dandalin ba da labari na Sharjah na shekaru (2016-2015) * Taron karawa juna sani a cibiyar kirkire-kirkire da fadakarwa na Buthaina Khudr Mekki (2016) * Dandalin Buga Al Fada'at a Jordan (2014) * Halarta a matsayin bako a cikin tarukan tarukan tarukan da kungiyar Marubuta Emirati ta shirya a Sharjah da Dubai tsawon shekaru (2012-2017) * Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Al-Tayeb Salih International Creative Writing a matsayi na biyu (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |last=الاتحاد |first=صحيفة |date=2022-03-10 |title="المشي على الزجاج" في "بحر الثقافة" |url=https://www.alittihad.ae/news/4269512/-المشي-على-الزجاج--في--بحر-الثقافة |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=صحيفة الاتحاد |language=ar-AR}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Adabin Sudan - Jigogin zamantakewa da siyasa == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://wordswithoutborders.org/read/article/2020-12/december-2020-sudanese-women-writers-freedom-of-flight-ann-el-safi-nariman/ Gajeren labarin Ann El Safi na ' ''Yancin Jirgin sama,'' wanda Nariman Youssef ya fassara daga Larabci.] a kan mujallar Words without Borders [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Matan Sudan]] [[Rukuni:Ƴar Jarida]] [[Rukuni:Mata marubutan Sudan]] 19x5nu5a13clhq01lzp68bqsg0fjfgv 0 101901 839198 630585 2026-05-22T22:52:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Balirajpur''' ([[Maithili]]) ƙauye ne da aka yi imanin cewa shi ne mulkin almara na Asura Sarkin Bali . Tana cikin rukunin Babubarhi na Gundumar Madhubani a Yankin Mithila na [[Bihar]], [[Indiya]]. Yana da wani ɓangare na Bhupatti Panchayat a cikin rukunin Babubarhi .<ref>{{Cite news |title=प्रदर्शन:बलीराजपुर में 10 लाख रुपए के जेवरात व नकद की चाेरी, विराेध में सड़क जाम कर किया प्रदर्शन |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/madhubani/news/jewelery-and-cash-worth-rs-10-lakh-in-balirajpur-protested-by-blocking-the-road-in-protest-130368154.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> A cewar mazaunan ƙauyen, Balirajpur ita ce babban birnin masarautar Asura sarki Bali a zamanin d ̄ a. An ambaci Sarkin Asura Bali a cikin rubutun Vishnu Purana . A cikin ƙauyen Balirajpur, akwai wani tsohuwar wurin tarihi da aka sani da ''Raja Bali Ka Garh'' ko Balirajgarh .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=Madhubani News: आज भी अपने किले की रक्षा करते हैं बलि महाराज, घुसपैठ पर मिलती है मौत |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/madhubani-bali-maharaj-protects-his-fort-even-today-5743601.html |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi |archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411104704/https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/madhubani-bali-maharaj-protects-his-fort-even-today-5743601.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=मंत्री को वस्तुस्थिति से कराया अवगत |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/madhubani/story-local-leaders-report-misconduct-at-balirajpur-residential-school-to-state-sc-st-minister-201728925574410.html |work=Hindustan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Places of Interest |url=https://madhubani.nic.in/places-of-interest/ |website=Madhubani district}}</ref> Kalmar ''''Bali'''' ita ce haɗuwa da kalmomin Indiya guda uku Bali, ''Raj'' da Pur . Bali shi ne jikan sanannen mai bautar Vishnu Prahlada kuma shi ne sarkin Asura. Kalmar Raj tana nufin mulki. Hakazalika ana amfani da kalmar Pur don nuna birni ko gari. Don haka ainihin ma'anar Balirajpur shine birnin masarautar Sarki Bali. Akwai temples da yawa a cikin ƙauyen. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan haikalin shine ''Ram Janaki Mandir'' kusa da tafki a ƙauyen.<ref>{{Cite news |title=हादसा:तालाब में डूबने के कारण 5 वर्षीय बालक की मौत |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/madhubani/news/5-year-old-boy-dies-due-to-drowning-in-pond-129006731.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> s4kmehm38c3vqrphr22frwaf06hpj5c 0 102669 839224 719470 2026-05-23T03:18:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ben Harrell,(15 Maris 1911 - 26 Yuli 1981) ya kasance Janar din Sojojin na ƙasar Amurka wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Kudu maso Gabashin Turai daga shekara ta 1968 zuwa 1971. Wani aji na 1933 wanda ya kammala karatu a Kwalejin Sojan Amurka, Harrell ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsarawa da aiwatar da manyan ayyukan amphibious a Arewacin Afirka, Sicily,da Kudancin Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka na shida da kuma 101st Airborne Division, kuma a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Howze. == Farkon aiki == [[Fayil:Ben_Harrell_USMA_Class_of_1933.png|thumb|Ben Harrell, USMA Class na 1933]] An haifi Ben Harrell a ranar 15 ga Maris, 1911, a Medford, Oregon . Wakilin Hawley na Oregon ne ya nada shi a Kwalejin Sojan Amurka kuma ya kammala karatu a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1933. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an ba shi izini a matsayin Lieutenant na biyu a cikin Sojojin Amurka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=GEN Ben Harrell |url=https://militaryhallofhonor.com/honoree-record.php?id=248 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=militaryhallofhonor.com}}</ref> == Yaƙin Duniya na II == === Sabis kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II === A lokacin da ya fara aikin soja, Harrell ya yi aiki a manyan ayyuka da yawa. A matsayinsa na ƙaramin jami'in, an tura shi Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, kafin harin Japan a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1941. Ya yi aiki tare da 3rd Infantry Division a matsayin S-3 (ofishin aiki) na 7th Infantry Regiment - ƙungiyar da zai yi umurni daga baya - kuma ya jagoranci 15th Regiment na ƙungiyar. Harrell daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata na Ayyuka (G-3) a cikin VI Corps kuma daga baya a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Ma'aikatan Ayyuka (G-3) na Sojojin Amurka na biyar a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bahar Rum.<ref name=":0"/> === Yaƙin Duniya na II === Bayan shigar Amurka cikin yakin duniya na biyu, Harrell ya shiga cikin tsare-tsare da ayyukan yaƙi: * '''Arewacin Afirka da Sicily:''' Harrell ya taimaka wajen tsara shirye-shiryen dabarun saukowar Allied amphibious a Arewacin Afirka a watan Nuwamba 1942. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shirya saukowa a [[Sisiliya|Sicily]] (Operation Husky) a watan Yulin 1943, wanda ya haɗa da hawa jirgin ruwa na mamayewa na fiye da 1,000 - mafi girman irin wannan jirgin a duniya a wannan lokacin.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=General Ben Harrell {{!}} Army Generals {{!}} Generals {{!}} Museum Exhibits {{!}} The Military Memorial Museum |url=https://www.militarymemorialmuseum.com/museum/Generals/Army_Generals/General_Ben_Harrell_76 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.militarymemorialmuseum.com |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106055704/https://www.militarymemorialmuseum.com/museum/Generals/Army_Generals/General_Ben_Harrell_76 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Harrell zai yi aiki tare da abokin karatunsa na USMA na 1933 Col. William O. Darby wanda Rangers zai zama raka'a na farko da za su mamaye duka Arewacin Afirka da Sicily. * '''Italiya:''' Bayan saukowar Sicily, Harrell ya shiga cikin ci gaba ta hanyar Italiya. Ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan 3rd Infantry Division kafin ya zama shugaban sashen ma'aikatan G-3 na VI Corps . <ref name=":0" /> * Kudancin Faransa da kama Strasbourg: A watan Agustan 1944, Harrell yana cikin sojojin da suka sauka a Kudancin Faransanci don buɗe sabon gaba a kan abokan gaba. Ba da daɗewa ba, an ba shi umurni na 7th Infantry Regiment. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ƙungiyarsa ta ci gaba ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo, ta kai Strasbourg da iyakar Jamus a ƙarshen 1944. <ref name=":0" /> * '''Komawa Italiya:''' Bayan nasarar da ya samu a Kudancin Faransa, an mayar da Harrell zuwa Italiya, inda ya jagoranci sashen ma'aikatan G-3 na Sojoji na 5 har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin. == Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II da kuma Yakin Cold == [[Fayil:Lieutenant_General_Harrell_Speaks_with_Sergeant_Ernest_L._Byrd.jpg|thumb|Lieutenant Janar Ben Harrell (dama), Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata na Ci gaban Sojoji, yayi magana da Sergeant Ernest L. Byrd (hagu), Shugaban Sashen Gunnery na 3, C. Battery, 6th Battalion, 10th Artillery yayin ziyarar Janar zuwa VII Corps, Kelley Barracks Stutt-Moehringen, Jamus. Lieutenant Janar Louis W. Truman yana tsaye a tsakiya, a baya. (Louis W. Truman Papers, Harry S. Truman Library & Museum) ]] [[Fayil:Lieutenant_General_Harrell_Visits_VII_Corps,_Stuttgart,_Germany.jpg|thumb|Lieutenant Janar Ben Harrell (hagu), Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Ci gaban Sojoji an nuna shi tare da Lieutenant Janara Louis W. Truman (tsakiya), Kwamandan VII Corps, da Brigadier Janar John J. Tolson III, Darakta na Sojojin Sama (dama). Janar Harrell yana ziyartar abubuwa na VII Corps Artillery, 2nd Armored Cavalry da 4th Armored da 24th Infantry Divisions. (Louis W. Truman Papers, Harry S. Truman Library & Museum) ]] A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1945, bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, Harrell ya koma Amurka kuma ya shiga ma'aikatan makarantar sojan Amurka a Fort Benning, Jojiya. Ayyukansa na gaba sun haɗa da: * Ayyukan Airborne: Harrell ya jagoranci sashen ma'aikatan G-3 na 11th Airborne Division, an ba shi umurni na 511th Airborne Regiment, kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama shugaban ma'aikatan ƙungiyar a 1950. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 37, ya sami lambar yabo ta Parachutist.<ref name=":0"/> * '''Ayyukan Turai:''' Bayan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Yakin Kasa, Harrell ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in ma'aikata a Babban Hedikwatar Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) kusa da [[Faris|Paris]]. Daga baya aka tura shi zuwa [[Berlin]], inda a watan Agustan 1953 ya zama kwamandan rundunar sojan kasa ta 6. A cikin shekara mai zuwa, ya zama shugaban ma'aikatan Brigade na Berlin (ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikatan Kwamandan Amurka a Berlin). <ref name=":0" /> * Pentagon da Promotions: An sanya Harrell a Pentagon a watan Agustan 1955, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Mataimakin Sakataren Sojoji (Manpower da Reserve Forces). A watan Janairun 1956, an nada shi ya zama shugaban reshen sojan kasa, Sashen Gudanar da Ayyuka a Ofishin Babban Jami'in, kuma an kara shi zuwa Brigadier Janar a farkon shekara ta 1956. <ref name=":0" /> * Ayyuka a Koriya ta Kudu: A watan Yulin 1958, an tura Harrell zuwa Koriya ta Koriya ta Tsakiya, inda ya umurci Brigade na 7 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na ma'aikatan 7th Infantry Division.<ref name=":0" /> * Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka da 101st Airborne Division: A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1959, an kara shi zuwa Manjo Janar kuma daga baya ya shiga ma'aikatan Kwamandan Sojan Amurka a Fort Monroe, Virginia. Tsakanin Yuni 1960 da Yuli 1961, Harrell ya umarci 101st Airborne Division a Fort Campbell, Kentucky, wanda ya gaji William Westmoreland. Daga nan sai ya koma Fort Benning don aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Janar na Cibiyar Sojoji da Kwamandan Makarantar Sojojin Sojojin Amurka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> * '''Daga baya Ayyukan Pentagon da Ƙarin Gabatarwa:''' A watan Fabrairun 1963, Harrell ya ci gaba da aiki a Pentagon a matsayin jami'in ma'aikata kuma an inganta shi zuwa Lieutenant Janar. Daga Mayu 1965 zuwa Yuli 1967, ya umurci Kwamandan Ci gaban Sojojin Amurka a Fort Belvoir, Virginia . <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * Sojoji na shida da Allied Command: A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1967, Harrell ya zama kwamandan Sojojin Amurka na shida, wanda ke da hedikwatar a Presidio a San Francisco, California, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa 1968. Bayan ci gabansa zuwa [[Military star ranking|Janar mai taurari huɗu]] a shekarar 1968, ya ɗauki kwamandan Sojojin Ƙasar Kudu maso Gabashin Turai, wanda ke zaune a Verona, Italiya, kuma ya rike wannan mukamin har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1971.<ref name=":0" /> [[Fayil:Grave_of_Ben_Harrell.jpg|thumb|Kabarin Janar Ben Harrell da matarsa Harriet Pearl.]] Ya mutu a 1981 kuma an binne shi a Kabari na San Francisco . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Harrell, Ben |url=https://gravelocator.cem.va.gov/ngl/index.jsp |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=Nationwide Gravesite Locator |publisher=National Cemetery Administration}}</ref> == Medals da Awards == A lokacin aikin soja, Ben Harrell ya sami kyaututtuka masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ben Harrell |url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient/recipient-100176/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Hall of Valor: Medal of Honor, Silver Star, U.S. Military Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> * Medal na Ayyuka na Sojoji (sau 2) * Tauraron Azurfa * Legion of Merit (sau 3) * Medal na Tauraron tagulla (sau 2) * Medal na Ofishin Tsaro na Amurka * Medal na Kamfen na Amurka * Medal na yabo na Sojoji * Medal na Yakin Turai da Afirka ta Tsakiya * Medal na Nasara na Yaƙin Duniya na II * Medal na Sojojin Kasuwanci * Medal na Tsaro na Kasa * Medal of Honor na Brazil (Brazil) * Dokar Daular Burtaniya (Great Britain) * Gicciye na Yakin Czechoslovakia (Czechoslovakia) * Gicciye na Yaƙi (Faransa) * Tsarin Mulki na Italiya (Italiya) == Dubi kuma ==   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1911]] dexacorl2zgavhvj6nlkp2qy3o54kpg 0 103767 839240 651232 2026-05-23T05:41:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|image=|caption=|fullname=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1993|10|7|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Étampes]], France|height={{height|m=1.84}}|position=[[Midfielder]]|currentclub=|clubnumber=|youthyears1=2007–2011|youthclubs1=[[Stade de Reims|Reims]]|years1=2011–2014|clubs1=[[Stade de Reims|Reims]]|caps1=4|goals1=0|years2=2014–2015|clubs2=[[R.A.E.C. Mons (1910)|Mons]]|caps2=4|goals2=0|years3=2015|clubs3=[[CR Belouizdad|CRB]]|caps3=|goals3=|totalcaps=8|totalgoals=0|nationalyears1=2012–2014|nationalteam1=[[Algeria national under-20 football team|Algeria U20]]|nationalcaps1=5|nationalgoals1=3|club-update=|nationalteam-update=}} '''Bilal Ouali''' ({{langx|ar|بلال الوالي}}; an haife shi 7 ga Oktoba 1993) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Aljeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] . == Na Mutum == An haifi Ouali a Étampes, Faransa, ga mahaifin Aljeriya da mahaifiyar Maroko.<ref name="DF">{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2012 |title=Entretien Exclusif avec Bilal Ouali, un grand espoir de Reims |url=http://www.djazairfoot.com/2012/09/entretien-exclusif-avec-bilal-ouali-un-grand-espoir-de-reims/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025115605/http://www.djazairfoot.com/2012/09/entretien-exclusif-avec-bilal-ouali-un-grand-espoir-de-reims/ |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |access-date=October 15, 2012 |publisher=DjazairFoot.com |language=fr}} [[Rukuni:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == A lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, Ouali ya shiga makarantar kwallon kafa ta Reims.<ref name="DF"/> A ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2011, ya fara bugawa kulob din wasa na farko, ya zo a minti na 67 a wasan Ligue 2 da Amiens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2012 |title=Reims vs. Amiens SC - 5 August 2011 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2011/08/05/france/ligue-2/stade-de-reims/amiens-sporting-club-football/1115117/ |access-date=October 15, 2012 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012, an kira Ouali zuwa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa da shekaru 20 ta Algeria don wasannin sada zumunci da Paris FC da Troyes, inda ya zira kwallaye daga filin wasa a wasan farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toufik O. |date=October 11, 2012 |title=EN U20: Fin du stage réservé aux joueurs actifs en Europe |url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2012/10/11/en-u20-fin-du-stage-reserve-aux-joueurs-actifs-en-europe-22974.php |access-date=April 21, 2015 |publisher=DZFoot |language=fr |archive-date=April 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427161806/http://www.dzfoot.com/2012/10/11/en-u20-fin-du-stage-reserve-aux-joueurs-actifs-en-europe-22974.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 26guv2hrdrg5v71yz5c2tfqlvuj5if6 0 103847 839181 666502 2026-05-22T21:34:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox high court|native_name=<!-- native name of the court, if different -->|image=Federal High Court Complex Abuja.jpg|imagesize=|caption=The Federal High Court Complex in Abuja|established={{start date and age|1973}}|dissolved=<!-- year -->|coordinates=<!-- -->|motto=|authority=[[Constitution of Nigeria]]|terms=[[Life tenure]] with mandatory retirement at the age of 65.|website={{URL|www.fhc.gov.ng}}|termstart=<!--- year term of current deputy chief ends if applicable -->|location=Shehu Shagari Way, Central District, [[Abuja]], [[FCT, Nigeria|FCT]], Nigeria|type=[[President of Nigeria|Presidential]] nomination with [[Senate of Nigeria|Senate]] [[advice and consent|confirmation]]|term end=<!-- year term for current chief as chief ends, if applicable -->}}{{Politics of Nigeria}} {{Databox}} '''Babban Kotuna Tarayya ta [[Najeriya]]''' ('''FHC''') tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan Kotun Tarayyar a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Court History |url=https://www.nextfhc.fhc.gov.ng/about/history |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=www.nextfhc.fhc.gov.ng |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629090030/https://www.nextfhc.fhc.gov.ng/about/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana da iko daidaitawa tare da Babban Kotun Jihohin Tarayya, gami da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]] . Hedikwatar tana cikin [[Shehu Shagari]] Way, Gundumar Tsakiya ta [[Abuja]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria {{!}} Standing International Forum of Commercial Courts |url=https://sifocc.org/countries/nigeria/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=sifocc.org |archive-date=2022-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520174944/https://sifocc.org/countries/nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Babban Kotun Tarayya a baya ana kiranta Kotun Haraji ta Tarayya kuma an kafa ta ne ta [[mwod:revenue act|Dokar Haraji]] ta Federal ta 1973. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal High Court Act |url=http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/fhca165/ |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=www.commonlii.org |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629090642/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/fhca165/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, ta hanyar sashi na 228 (1) da 230 (2) na Kundin [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|Tsarin Mulki]] na Tarayyar Najeriya na 1979, an sake masa suna, Babban Kotun Tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=jurisdiction |url=https://www.nextfhc.fhc.gov.ng/jurisdiction |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=www.nextfhc.fhc.gov.ng |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629090032/https://www.nextfhc.fhc.gov.ng/jurisdiction |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babban Kotun Tarayya tana da iko na aikata laifuka da na farar hula a kan al'amarin da aka kafa a gabanta bisa ga sashi na 251 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Tarayyar Najeriya na 1999 (kamar yadda aka gyara). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-20 |title=OVERVIEW OF THE JURISDICTION OF THE FEDERAL HIGH COURT IN NIGERIA |url=http://www.resolutionlawng.com/overview-of-the-jurisdiction-of-the-federal-high-court-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=Resolution law firm |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tsarin da Ƙungiya == Babban Kotun Tarayya ta kunshi [[Shugaban Alƙalan Alƙalai na Najeriya|Babban Alkalin]] da yawan [[Alkali|alƙalai]] kamar yadda Dokar [[Majalisar Najeriya|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.]] ta tsara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Src='https://Secure.gravatar.com/Avatar/6a66b3935161f734080a41492192a7bc?s=90 |first=<img Decoding="async" Alt='' |last2=#038;d=mm |last3=Srcset='https://Secure.gravatar.com/Avatar/6a66b3935161f734080a41492192a7bc?s=180 |first3=#038;r=g' |last4=#038;d=mm |last5=Width='90' /> |first5=#038;r=g 2x' Class='avatar Avatar-90 Photo' Height='90' |title=Chapter 7, Section 249 - Establishment of the Federal High Court |url=https://nigerian-constitution.com/chapter-7-part-1-section-249-establishment-of-the-federal-high-court/ |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=nigerian-constitution.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Shugaban Nijeriya|Shugaban kasa]] ne ke nada alƙalai na FHC bisa ga shawarar [[Majalisar Shari'a ta Ƙasa (Najeriya)|Majalisar Shari'a ta Kasa]], kuma ana bin tabbatar da Majalisar Dattijai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Judicial Council |url=https://njc.gov.ng/composition-of-NJC |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=njc.gov.ng}}</ref> Don samun cancanta ga matsayin Babban Alkalin ko alƙalai na Babban Kotun Tarayya, irin wannan mutumin dole ne ya cancanci yin aiki da doka a Najeriya, kuma dole ne ya cancanta don lokacin da bai kasa da shekaru goma ba. Shekarar ritaya ga Alƙalai na Babban Kotun Tarayya ta Najeriya shine shekaru 70.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-30 |title=NASS mulls extending retirement age of Supreme Court justices |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nass-mulls-extending-retirement-age-of-supreme-court-justices-to-75-years/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Disamba, 2021, jimlar adadin alƙalai na Kotun Koli ta Tarayya a kasar ya kai 75.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/501271-federal-high-court-with-75-judges-has-128000-pending-cases-chief-judge.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> A halin yanzu, jimlar adadin shari'o'i a duk faɗin shari'a daban-daban ya kai 128,000 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-17 |title=Federal High Court with 75 judges has 128,000 pending cases - Chief Judge {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/501271-federal-high-court-with-75-judges-has-128000-pending-cases-chief-judge.html |access-date=2022-04-12 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Jerin Rukunin Shari'a == Kodayake, kotun tana da hedikwatar a Babban Birnin Tarayya, Abuja, tana da bangarorin shari'a da yawa a duk faɗin ƙasar..<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: About Federal High Court Nigeria :: |url=https://www.fhc-ng.com/about.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213655/https://www.fhc-ng.com/about.htm |archive-date=2021-06-11 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=www.fhc-ng.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Nigeria Federal High Court Divisions Headquarters - Finelib.com |url=https://www.finelib.com/judiciary/federal-high-court-divisions |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=www.finelib.com}}</ref> wadannan sune: # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Abuja]] (Hedikwatar) # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Abakaliki]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Abeokuta]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Akure]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, Ado- Ekiti[[Ado-Ekiti]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Awka]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Yenagoa|Yenegao]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|Benin]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya [[Kalaba|Calabar]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Damaturu]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Dutse]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Ibadan]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Ikeja]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Ilorin|IIorin]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Jos]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Lafia|Mafiya]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Maiduguri]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Makurdi|Markurdi]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Minna]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Osogbo|Oshogbo]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, Port Harcourt[[Port Harcourt|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Owerri]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Sokoto (birni)|Sokoto]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Umuahia]] # Babban Kotun Tarayya, [[Warri]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t7x2faipkev9tl5yz6zx0vd6widbg03 0 104525 839263 654414 2026-05-23T07:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Mampogoane Nchabeleng''' (7 Maris 1928 - 11 Afrilu 1986) ɗan [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyar ƙwadagon]] Afirka ta Kudu ne kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata wanda ya mutu a tsare a hannun 'yan sanda a Lebowa bantustan a cikin watan Afrilu 1986. A lokacin mutuwarsa, ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar United Democratic Front a yankin arewacin Transvaal kuma shugaban jam'iyyar ANC na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a yankin. Nchabeleng ya yi fice a fagen siyasa a shekarun 1950 a [[Pretoria]], inda ya yi aiki a jam'iyyar ANC, da jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Afirka ta Kudu, da jam'iyyar 'yan kasuwa ta Afirka ta Kudu, da ƙungiyar Sebatakgomo ta ƙasarsa ta Sekhukhuneland. An ɗaure shi a tsibirin Robben na tsawon shekaru takwas daga shekarun 1964 zuwa 1972 bisa zarginsa da fafutuka a matsayinsa na farkon ɗaukar aiki zuwa [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]. A cikin shekaru goma bayan sakinsa, an kore shi zuwa mahaifarsa a Apel, Northern Transvaal, inda ya ci gaba da aiki a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na ANC kuma inda ya ci gaba da fuskantar 'yan sanda. Ya rasu a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilun 1986 bayan da jami’an ‘yan sanda suka yi masa mugun duka da suka kama shi a farkon wannan rana. Mutuwar tasa ta ja hankalin al'ummar ƙasar kuma ya kasance jigo a jam'iyyar ANC. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nchabeleng a ranar 7 ga watan Maris 1928 a Apel, wani ƙauye a ƙauyen Sekhukhuneland a tsohuwar Transvaal ta Arewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=23 April 2020 |title=A towering giant of our revolutionary alliance |url=https://www.ancpl.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ANC-Today-17-April-2020-final.pdf |journal=ANC Today |pages=4–5, 11 |access-date=24 June 2023 |archive-date=24 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624225405/https://www.ancpl.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ANC-Today-17-April-2020-final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shi ne ɗa na shida na Zabaluna da Salome Nchabeleng <ref name=":0" /> kuma shi ne Pedi. Tun yana yaro, yaro ne garke kuma ya kammala firamare a kusa; Daga baya ya halarci makarantar sakandare a [[Pretoria]]. <ref name=":0" /> == Gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata == === Pretoria: 1950-1960s === Yayin da yake Pretoria, a farkon shekarun 1950, Nchabeleng ya yi aiki a ma'aikatan buga takardu na gwamnati kuma ya kasance sakataren reshen jam'iyyar African National Congress (ANC) a Atteridgeville. Ya kuma kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu, a lokacin ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma ya kasance mai himma a cikin [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago]], ya zama sakataren yanki na ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Allied, sannan kuma ya zama mamba na ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa ta Afirka ta Kudu, a yankin Pretoria.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Van Kessel |first=Ineke |date=1993 |title='From Confusion to Lusaka': The Youth Revolt in Sekhukhuneland |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2636990 |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=593–614 |doi=10.1080/03057079308708375 |jstor=2636990 |issn=0305-7070|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A lokaci guda, Nchabeleng ya kasance babban jigo a Sebatakgomo, ƙungiyar juriya na ma'aikatan bakin haure na Sekhukhune, musamman a [[Johannesburg]], waɗanda suka nuna rashin amincewa da aiwatar da Dokar Hukumomin Bantu kuma sun taimaka wajen tayar da tawayen Sekhukhuneland na shekarar 1958.<ref name=":2"/> '''<ref name=":0" />''' Ya kuma kasance jigo a kokarin taimakawa waɗanda aka kama a cikin tawaye, yana aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga lauyan fursunonin, dan gurguzu Joe Slovo.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Badat |first=Saleem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cR8zAQAAQBAJ |title=The Forgotten People: Political Banishment under Apartheid |date=2013-01-29 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-24771-0 |pages=101 |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1960 gwamnatin nuna wariyar launin fata ta haramtawa jam'iyyar ANC, kuma nan da nan, an naɗa Nchabeleng a cikin kwamitin mutane bakwai da aka kafa domin ci gaba da shirin yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata a Pretoria. Lokacin da aka kafa [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] (MK) a watan Disambar 1961, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kwamandojin sashen MK guda bakwai da ke aiki ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Pretoria.<ref name=":2"/> A ranar 16 ga watan Mayu 1963, an kama Nchabeleng don gurfana a gaban shari'a a ƙarƙashin dokar hana gurguzu don zama memba a cikin haramtacciyar jam'iyyar ANC da mallakar haramtattun kayayyaki. An yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru uku a gidan yari tare da wanda ake tuhumar sa, tare da dakatar da hukuncin shekaru biyu da rabi.<ref name=":0" /> Duk da haka, a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta 1964, an sake kama shi tare da wasu da yawa kuma an gurfanar da shi a kan wasu tuhume-tuhume da suka shafi ayyukansa na MK, ciki har da ɗaukar ma'aikata da kuma kera abubuwan fashewa.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Kanyane |first=Chris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgYnRpu63ycC |title=Turfloop a Conscious Pariah: How University of the North Brought in the Age of Barack Obama |date=2010 |publisher=Trafford Publishing |isbn=978-1-4269-2461-3 |pages=64–65 |language=en}}</ref> Da aka same shi da laifin aikata laifin, Nchabeleng ya shafe shekaru takwas a gidan yari a tsibirin Robben. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] 5rtau30ijo7dbkch1lszvg1g9l80g0o 0 105993 839185 747694 2026-05-22T22:06:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Babi na Biyu na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu''' ya ƙunshi '''Dokar 'Yancin''' Dan Adam, yarjejeniyar haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke kare haƙƙin [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|farar hula, siyasa]] da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na dukan mutane a Afirka ta Kudu. Hakkin da ke cikin Dokar ya shafi dukkan doka, gami da doka ta kowa, kuma ya ɗaure dukkan rassan gwamnati, gami na zartarwa na kasa, majalisar dokoki, bangarorin shari'a, gwamnatocin larduna, da majalisun birni. Wasu tanadi, kamar wadanda ke hana nuna bambanci mara adalci, suma suna aiki da ayyukan mutane masu zaman kansu. == Tarihi == An tsara kundin hakkin dan Adam na farko na Afirka ta Kudu a shekara ta 1988, wanda Kader Asmal da Albie Sachs suka fi yin tasiri wajen rubuta shi daga gidan Asmal a Dublin, Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://merrionstreet.ie/en/news-room/releases/tanaiste-at-unveiling-of-plaque-commemorating-south-africas-bill-of-rights.html|title=Tánaiste at the unveiling of a plaque commemorating South Africa's Bill of Rights}}</ref> An haɗa wannan rubutu a babi na 3 na tsarin mulki na wucin gadi na Afirka ta Kudu na shekarar 1993, wanda aka tsara a cikin tattaunawar da aka yi domin kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata. Wannan "kundin hakki na wucin gadi", wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1994 (rana ta farko da aka gudanar da zaɓen ba tare da wariyar launin fata ba), ya ƙunshi hakkin zamantakewa da na siyasa kawai (hakkin kariya).<ref name="Cockrell">{{cite journal |first=Alfred |last=Cockrell| title=The South African Bill of Rights and the 'Duck/Rabbit' |journal=Modern Law Review |volume=60 |number=4 |date=July 1997 |pages=513–537 |doi=10.1111/1468-2230.00096}}</ref> Kundin hakki na yanzu, wanda ya maye gurbin kundin hakki na wucin gadi a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 1997 (ranar da tsarin mulkin ƙarshe ya fara aiki), ya ci gaba da ƙunsar waɗannan hakkoki kuma ya ƙara wasu sabbin hakkoki na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu. == Amfani da Dokar 'Yancin == Matsayin iko da aikace-aikacen Dokar 'Yancin an tsara shi ta sashe na 7 da 8, sassan buɗewa na lissafin, waɗanda ake kira "Hakkin" da "Aikace-aikace" bi da bi. Sashe na 7 ya kafa Dokar 'Yancin a matsayin "tushen dimokuradiyya a Afirka ta Kudu" kuma yana buƙatar jihar ta "girmamawa, karewa, ingantawa da cika haƙƙoƙi a cikin Dokar' Yancin", kodayake ya kuma lura cewa haƙƙoƙin suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa (.. === Masu riƙe da haƙƙin === ==== Mutane na halitta ==== A cewar sashi na 7 (1), Dokar 'Yancin "ta adana haƙƙin dukan mutane a ƙasarmu". Rubutun takamaiman tanadi yana ba da mafi yawan haƙƙoƙi ga "kowane mutum", ban da wasu haƙƙoƙin da aka ƙuntata ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyin masu cin gajiyar (yawanci ga 'Yan Afirka ta Kudu). A game da haƙƙoƙin da aka ba "kowane mutum", Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta gudanar a cikin ''Khosa v Ministan Ci gaban Jama'a'' cewa sashi na 7 (1) ya nuna cewa ya kamata a karanta kalmar "kowane" a zahiri, ma'ana cewa ana ba da irin waɗannan haƙƙoƙi ga 'yan kasashen waje a cikin Afirka ta Kudu ba kawai ga' yan ƙasa ba. [Little-Roman 1]''{{Rp|page=46-7|pages=}}'' ==== Mutanen shari'a ==== Wasu hakkoki na tsarin mulki an ba da su ga masu shari'a da kuma mutane na halitta. Sashe na 8 (4) ya ba da bayyane cewa, "Mutumin shari'a yana da 'yancin haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙoƙi har zuwa matakin da ake buƙata ta yanayin haƙƙin haƙƙi da yanayin wannan mutumin mai shari'a. " A cikin ''Tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Tsarin Mulki: A cikin sake Tabbatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta ji cewa fadada haƙƙin tsarin mulki ga mutane masu shari'a zai rage haƙƙin mutane na halitta. Duk da haka ya ki amincewa da wannan ƙin yarda a cikin waɗannan kalmomi:<blockquote>Yawancin "yancin da aka yarda da su a duniya" za a amince da su ne kawai idan aka ba su ga masu shari'a da kuma mutane na halitta. Misali, 'yancin magana, don a ba da sakamako mai kyau, dole ne a ba da shi ga kafofin watsa labarai, wanda sau da yawa mallakar ko sarrafawa ta mutane masu shari'a. Duk da yake gaskiya ne cewa wasu hakkoki ba su dace da jin daɗin mutane ba, rubutun s 8 (4) musamman ya amince da wannan. Rubutun ya kuma fahimci cewa yanayin mutum mai shari'a na iya la'akari da shi ta hanyar kotu wajen tantance ko wani haƙƙi yana samuwa ga irin wannan mutumin ko a'a. [Little-Roman 1]{{Rp|page=57}}</blockquote>Dangane da la'akari da tsarin mulki na farko, yanayin haƙƙin, wasu haƙƙoƙi - kamar haƙƙin rayuwa da haƙƙin amincin jiki - kare yanayin mutum wanda kawai mutane na halitta ke da shi.[1]: 36 Sabanin haka, wasu hakkoki suna da amfani ga mutane masu shari'a, kamar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyin kwadago don tsarawa. Game da wasu hakkoki, halin da ake ciki ba shi da tabbas kuma yana buƙatar fassarar da ta fi girma a kan shari'a-da- shari'a. Misali, la'akari da sashi na 14 na haƙƙin sirri, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta gudanar a cikin Darakta na Bincike: Laifukan Tattalin Arziki masu tsanani v Hyundai Motors cewa mutane masu shari'a "suna jin daɗin haƙƙin sirri ne, kodayake ba daidai ba ne da mutane na halitta", saboda, "Rashin hankali haƙƙin da ya zama mafi tsanani yayin da yake kusa da shi ke motsawa ga kusanci na sirri na rayuwar ɗan adam". 18 Kwanan nan, la'akari da sashi na 10 na haƙƙin [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|mutunci]], kotun ta gudanar a cikin Reddell v Mineral Sands Resources cewa mutane masu shari'a ba su da haƙƙin tsarin mulki na mutunci, saboda, a kan karatun da aka yi niyya, sashi na 10. Dangane da yanayin mutumin da ke da iko wanda aka tabbatar da cewa yana da haƙƙin tsarin mulki, dokar shari'a ta yanzu ta nuna cewa manufofi ko manufar mutumin da ke cikin shari'a wani abu ne mai mahimmanci, wani bangare saboda suna iya bayyana dangantaka tsakanin mutumin da ke ƙarƙashin shari'a da mutanen da ke "tsaye a baya" kuma suna amfani da shi don yin amfani da haƙƙoƙinsu na asali.: 37 A cikin ''FNB v Kwamishinan Ayyukan Haraji na Afirka ta Kudu'', wanda ya tabbatar da cewa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suna da haƙƙin mallaka a sashi na 25, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta san cewa, a kusan dukkanin lokuta, hannun jari a cikin kamfanoni masu masu zaman kansu sun ba da "a ƙarshe" ga mutane na halitta, kuma, "Dakkin mallaka na mutane na halitta za a iya cika su ne kawai idan an ba da irin waɗannan haƙƙin ga kamfanoni da kuma ga mutane na asali". [Little-Roman 1]: 43-45 Sabanin haka, a cikin ''SITA da Gijima'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yanke hukuncin cewa hukumomin jihohi ba masu cin gajiyar sashi na 33 ba ne don aiwatar da gudanarwa kawai, saboda haƙƙoƙi dole ne su dace kuma jihar kanta ce mai ɗaukar nauyin da wannan haƙƙin ya ɗora. [Little-Roman 2]{{Rp}} ==== Rashin kulawa ==== A cewar Iain Currie da Johan de Waal, mutane na iya watsi da haƙƙin yin amfani da wasu haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki: irin wannan watsi ba ya tabbatar da ingancin halayyar da ba ta dace da tsarin mulki ba, amma ya kunshi jajircewar mutum ba don yin kira ga rashin ingancin tsarin mulki na wannan hali ba. Currie da de Waal sun ba da shawarar tasirin waiver ya dogara da yanayin da manufar haƙƙin da ake tambaya - ya bambanta da 'yanci mara kyau, ba za a iya watsi da haƙƙin mutunci da rayuwa ba - amma cewa, a duk lokuta, kotuna na iya la'akari da waiver (tare da alhakin wanda aka azabtar gaba ɗaya) a cikin tantancewa da magance keta haƙƙin.{{Rp}} === Masu ɗaukar nauyi === ==== Tasirin Tsaye ==== Tabbatar da darajar babbar mulkin kundin tsarin mulki kamar yadda aka tanadar a sashi na 2 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu, sashi na 8(1) yana cewa, "Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama tana aiki akan dukkan dokoki, kuma tana da alaƙa da majalisar dokoki, bangaren zartarwa, bangaren shari’a da dukkan hukumomin gwamnati." Kamar yadda Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta tabbatar a cikin shari’ar *Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association: In re Ex Parte President*, wannan tanadi, tare da wasu sassa masu sauƙaƙa a kundin tsarin mulki, shine tushe na tsarin duba dokokin shari’a a Afirka ta Kudu. Sashi na 7(1) kuma wajibcin gwamnati ta mutunta da cika haƙƙin tsarin mulki. Saboda haka, an kafa sosai cikin kundin tsarin mulki cewa Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama tana da tasirin tsaye, inda haƙƙin mutane masu zaman kansu ke haifar da wajibcin da gwamnati ke ɗauka. ==== Tasirin Tsaye tsakanin Mutane ==== Sashi na 8 kuma yana ba da izini cewa Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama tana da tasirin a tsakanin mutane, gwargwadon yadda sashi na 8(2) ya tanada cewa, "Wani tanadi na Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama yana da alaƙa da mutum na halitta ko na doka idan, kuma gwargwadon yadda yake da amfani, bisa la’akari da yanayin haƙƙin da yanayin nauyin da haƙƙin ke ɗauka." Sashi na 8(3) yana buƙatar cewa, lokacin da kotu ke aiwatar da Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama a haka, to tana iya haɓaka dokar gama gari yadda ya dace. *Khumalo v Holomisa* da *Ramakatsa v Magashule* su ne shari’o’i masu muhimmanci dangane da aiwatar da haƙƙin tsarin mulki a tsakanin mutane a cikin rigingimun sirri. A cikin shari’ar *Khumalo*, kotu ta gano cewa "aikace-aikacen kai tsaye tsakanin mutane" yana da muhimmanci saboda "tsanani na haƙƙin tsarin mulki da ake magana akai, tare da yuwuwar cin zarafin wannan haƙƙin daga wasu mutane banda gwamnati ko hukumomin gwamnati." Baya ga waɗannan dalilai, Currie da de Waal sun nuna cewa manufar tanadin da aka bayar na iya zama muhimmi wajen tantance ko yana da alaƙa da halayyar masu zaman kansu, kuma wasu haƙƙoki – kamar haƙƙin sashi na 12(1) na 'yanci daga tashin hankali da haƙƙin sashi na 9(4) na 'yanci daga nuna bambanci – sun kasance a sarari suna da alaƙa da halayyar sirri. == Haƙƙoƙin da aka lissafa == === Daidaito === {{Quote box | quote = '''§9(1)–(2):''' Kowa daidai yake a gaban doka kuma yana da hakkin samun kariya da amfani da doka daidai. Daidaito ya haɗa da cikakken jin daɗin dukkan haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci daidai. Don inganta samun daidaito, ana iya ɗaukar matakan doka da sauran matakan da aka tsara don karewa ko inganta mutane, ko nau'o'in mutane, waɗanda rashin adalci ya raba su. | align = right | width = 23% }} Haƙƙin farko da Dokar Haƙƙoƙi ta kare shine haƙƙin daidaito, wanda ke cikin sashe na 9 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ƙunshi tanadi mai ƙarfi game da daidaito na doka da daidaito na zamantakewa da kuma haramtawa a fili game da nuna bambanci mara adalci. A mataki mafi faɗi, sashe na 9(1) yana ba da cikakken daidaito a gaban doka. Sashe na 9(2) ya faɗaɗa wannan tanadi, yana cewa "Daidaito ya haɗa da cikakken jin daɗin dukkan haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci daidai." Duk da haka, sashe na 9(2) ya kuma bayyana cewa, "Don inganta samun daidaito, ana iya ɗaukar matakan doka da sauran matakan da aka tsara don karewa ko inganta mutane, ko nau'o'in mutane, waɗanda rashin adalci ya raba su." Sashe na 9(2) an yi amfani da shi don tabbatar da matakan inganta harkokin rayuwa a ''Minister of Finance v Van Heerden'' da ''South African Police Service v Barnard''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaibie |first=Shamima |date=2015 |title=The Constitutional Court Decision in Barnard: A Sequel to the Van Heerden Judgment |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/iljuta40&id=91&div=&collection= |journal=Industrial Law Journal (Juta) |volume=36 |pages=80}}</ref> Sashe na 9(3) zuwa 9(5) sun yi magana a fili game da nuna bambanci mara adalci. Halin nuna bambanci ko doka ana bi da su daban-daban dangane da dalilai na nuna bambancin da ake magana a kai, kuma, musamman, dangane da ko ya zama nuna bambanci a kan ɗayan "dalilai da aka lissafa" waɗanda aka bayyana a fili a sashe na 9(3).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=McConnachie |first=C. |date=2014-02-11 |title=Human Dignity, 'Unfair Discrimination' and Guidance |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqu002 |journal=Oxford Journal of Legal Studies |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=609–629 |doi=10.1093/ojls/gqu002 |issn=0143-6503|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Waɗannan abubuwan da ake kira dalilai da aka lissafa sune jinsi, jinsi na mace ko namiji, jima'i, ciki, matsayin aure, asalin kabilanci ko zamantakewa, launi, yanayin jima'i, shekaru, nakasa, addini, lamiri, imani, al'ada, harshe da haihuwa. Nuna bambanci mara adalci a kan dalili da aka lissafa ba a yarda da shi ba, ba tare da la'akari da ko kai tsaye ne ko ba kai tsaye ba, kuma ba tare da la'akari da ko gwamnati ce ta aiwatar da shi ba (a cikin keta sashe na 9(3)) ko kuma mutum ne (a cikin keta sashe na 9(4)). Bugu da ƙari, nuna bambanci a kan dalili da aka lissafa ana ɗauka mara adalci: a cikin sashe na 9(5), irin wannan nuna bambanci "mara adalci ne sai dai idan an tabbatar da cewa nuna bambancin adalci ne". A gefe guda, a cikin shari'o'in nuna bambanci a kan wani dalili na daban, wanda ba a lissafa ba, matsayin kundin tsarin mulki ya fi girma, saboda sashe na 9(3) ne kawai ya shafi: a ƙarƙashin wannan tanadi, gwamnati "ba za ta iya nuna bambanci kai tsaye ko ba kai tsaye ga kowa ba" a kan ''kowane'' dalili, amma, a cikin yanayin dalilai marasa lissafa, dole ne a nuna cewa nuna bambancin mara adalci ne. Sashe na 9(4) ya ƙara ba da tanadi cewa dole ne a kafa dokokin ƙasa "don hana ko haramta nuna bambanci mara adalci"; dokar da aka kafa ita ce Dokar Inganta Daidaito da Hana Nuna Bambanci mara Adalci ta 2000, wacce aka fi sani da Dokar Daidaito, wacce za a iya aiwatar da ita a Kotun Daidaito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kok |first=Anton |date=2001 |title=The Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act: Why the Controversy |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jsouafl2001&id=304&div=&collection= |journal=Journal of South African Law |volume=2001 |pages=294}}</ref> === Mutuncin Dan Adam === {{Quote box | quote = '''§10:''' Kowa yana da mutunci na halitta kuma yana da hakkin a mutunta mutuncinsa kuma a kare shi. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 10 ya ba da tanadi cewa, "Kowa yana da mutunci na halitta kuma yana da hakkin a mutunta mutuncinsa kuma a kare shi". Wannan haƙƙin mutunci yana ɗaya daga cikin wurare da yawa waɗanda mutunci ya fito a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu da dokar kundin tsarin mulki, kuma, duk da yake ana yawan la'akari da shi tare da sauran haƙƙoƙi, da wuya ya zama mai yanke hukunci da kansa.<ref name=":0" /> Don haka a cikin ''Dawood v Minister of Home Affairs'', Mai Shari'a Kate O'Regan ta rubuta don Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki baki ɗaya cewa: <blockquote>Mutuncin Dan Adam... yana sanar da yanke hukunci da fassara na kundin tsarin mulki a matakai daban-daban. Daraja ce da ke sanar da fassarar yawancin, watakila duka, sauran haƙƙoƙi... Sashe na 10, duk da haka, ya bayyana a fili cewa mutunci ba kawai ''daraja'' ce mai mahimmanci ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkinmu ba, haƙƙi ne ''mai yanke hukunci'' kuma ''mai aiwatarwa'' wanda dole ne a mutunta shi kuma a kare shi. A lokuta da yawa, duk da haka, inda aka keta darajar mutuncin dan adam, babban keta dokar kundin tsarin mulki da aka samu na iya zama na haƙƙi mafi takamaimai kamar haƙƙin amincin jiki, haƙƙin daidaito ko haƙƙin kada a fallasa mutum ga bauta, bayi ko aikin tilas.<ref group="lower-roman">''Dawood and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others; Shalabi and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others; Thomas and Another v Minister of Home Affairs and Others'' (CCT35/99) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2000|num=8|court=ZACC}}; 2000 (3) SA 936; 2000 (8) BCLR 837 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=35|pages=}}'' </blockquote>Duk da haka, ''Dawood'' da kanta alama ce ta babban nau'in keɓancewa ga wannan ƙa'idar gabaɗaya, inda mutunci da kansa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yanke hukunci, ƙa'idar farko; waɗannan keɓancewa sun fi shafan haɗin kai na kusa kamar aure, kotun ''Dawood'' ta riƙe cewa haƙƙin rayuwar iyali yana karewa a kaikaice ta sashe na 10 idan dangantakar iyali tana da "mahimmancin ma'ana" ga mutane da yawa.<ref name=":0" /> === Rayuwa === {{main|Sashe na Goma sha ɗaya na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu}} {{Quote box | quote = '''§11:''' Kowa yana da hakkin rayuwa. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 11 yana kare haƙƙin rayuwa na duniya. An fi alaƙanta shi da kawar da hukuncin kisa a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda shine sakamakon hukuncin Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki a cikin ''S v Makwanyane''. Ko da yake an yanke hukuncin ''Makwanyane'' a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na wucin gadi, Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki daga baya ta tabbatar da hukuncin a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1996, ciki har da ''Mohamed v President''. Sashe na 11 kuma yana da alaƙa da amfani da ƙarfin kisa a cikin kamawa ko cikin kare kai, kamar yadda Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta yi la'akari da shi a cikin ''Ex Parte Minister of Safety and Security: In re S v Walters''. Kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar ''Makwanyane ratio'', haƙƙin rayuwa na duniya ne kuma ba a rasa shi ta hanyar rashin adalci ko laifin laifi.<ref name=":0" /> Duk da haka, a cikin ''Christian Lawyers Association v Minister of Health'', Babbar Kotun Transvaal ta kafa cewa tayi ba su da haƙƙin rayuwa a cikin sashe na 11. === 'Yancin kai da tsaro === {{Quote box | quote = '''§12:''' Kowa yana da hakkin 'yanci da tsaro na mutum, wanda ya haɗa da hakkin— kada a hana shi 'yanci ba tare da dalili ba ko ba tare da dalili ba; kada a tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba; don 'yanci daga kowane nau'in tashin hankali daga tushen jama'a ko masu zaman kansu; kada a azabtar da shi ta kowace hanya; kuma kada a bi da shi ko a azabtar da shi ta hanya mai tsanani, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanci. Kowa yana da hakkin amincin jiki da na tunani, wanda ya haɗa da hakkin— don yanke shawara game da haihuwa; don tsaro a cikin jikinsu da ikon sarrafa shi; kuma kada a fallasa shi ga gwaje-gwaje na likitanci ko kimiyya ba tare da izinin su ba.<br /> '''§13:''' Ba wanda za a fallasa shi ga bauta, bayi ko aikin tilas. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 12 yana kare saitin haƙƙoƙin mutum biyu na duniya. Na farko, a ƙarƙashin sashe na 12(1), yana kare haƙƙin "yanci da tsaro na mutum", ciki har da haƙƙin "kada a hana shi 'yanci ba tare da dalili ba ko ba tare da dalili ba" da haƙƙin kariya daga tsarewa ba tare da shari'a ba; daga azabtarwa; daga mummunan, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanci; da kuma daga "kowane nau'in tashin hankali daga tushen jama'a ko masu zaman kansu". Stuart Woolman ya ga sashe na 12(1) a matsayin mai ba da "duka kariyar abu da kariyar hanyar don kowane hana 'yancin jiki".<ref name=":0" /> Na biyu, sashe na 12(2) ya tabbatar da haƙƙin amincin jiki da amincin tunani, ciki har da haƙƙin mutum "don yanke shawara game da haihuwa", "don tsaro a cikin jikinsu da ikon sarrafa shi", da kuma "kada a fallasa shi ga gwaje-gwaje na likitanci ko kimiyya ba tare da izinin su ba". Mai alaƙa da wannan iyalin haƙƙoƙin sashe na 12 shine kariyar sashe na 13 game da fallasa mutum ga bauta, bayi, ko aikin tilas. Yawancin waɗannan haƙƙoƙi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shari'ar farko ta Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki, musamman idan aka "raka su ta hanyar prism na mutunci" ta kotun.<ref name=":0" /> Sashe na 12 a ƙarshe yana da muhimmanci musamman ga alhakin jiha a ƙarƙashin dokar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu da kuma ga yadda gwamnati ke bi da waɗanda aka tsare da waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci.<ref name=":0" /> Hukuncin Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki masu dacewa a wannan haɗin sun haɗa da ''De Lange v Smuts'', ''S v Dodo'', ''Zealand v Minister of Justice'', da ''Mohamed v President''. Kai tsaye, kariya ga 'yancin haihuwa, wanda ke cikin sashe na 12(2)(a), yana tabbatar da matsayin doka na zubar da ciki a Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin ''Christian Lawyers Association v Minister of Health II'', Mai Shari'a na Babbar Kotun Transvaal Phineas Mojapelo ya tabbatar da Dokar Zaɓin Ƙarewar Ciki ta 1996 a kan cewa sashe na 12(2) yana kare haƙƙin zubar da ciki; don haka dokar da ke tabbatar da wannan haƙƙin ba kawai kundin tsarin mulki ne ya ba da izini ba amma, "a wata ma'ana", kundin tsarin mulki ne ya buƙace shi.<ref group="lower-roman">''Christian Lawyers Association v National Minister of Health and Another'' 2005 (1) SA 509 (T), 518, 2004 (10) BCLR 1086 (T).</ref> Haka kuma mai yiwuwa ne, a irin wannan salon, sashe na 12(2)(a) yana nufin haƙƙin samun maganin hana haihuwa.<ref name=":0" /> === Sirri === {{Quote box | quote = '''§14:''' Kowa yana da hakkin sirri, wanda ya haɗa da hakkin kada a— bincika mutum ko gidansu; bincika dukiyarsu; kwace kayansu; ko keta sirrin sadarwarsu. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 14 yana kare haƙƙin sirri na duniya. Baya ga haƙƙin sirri gabaɗaya, tanadin yana kare takamaiman fannoni guda huɗu na sirri, waɗanda suka shafi bincike da kwace da sadarwa ta sirri: yana haramta binciken gida, mutum, ko dukiya; kwace kayansu; ko keta "sirrin sadarwarsu". Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki, tana nazarin abun ciki na haƙƙin sirri a karon farko, ta riƙe a cikin ''Bernstein v Bester'' cewa iyakar haƙƙin sirri ya kai ga yanayin da mutum yana da halaltaccen tsammanin sirri (kamar gwajin Amurka).<ref name=":3" group="lower-roman" />''{{Rp|page=75|pages=}}'' Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Mai Shari'a Laurie Ackermann, kotun ta riƙe cewa haƙƙin yana da ƙarfi a cikin yanayin mutum: <blockquote>shine kawai wurin tsarki na mutum, kamar rayuwar iyalinsa, zaɓin jima'i da yanayin gida, wanda aka kare shi daga cin zarafi ta hanyar haƙƙoƙin al'umma masu karo da juna... An san sirri a cikin yanayin mutum na gaskiya, amma yayin da mutum ya shiga cikin dangantakar jama'a da ayyukan kamar kasuwanci da zamantakewa, iyakar sararin samaniya na mutum yana raguwa daidai.<ref name=":3" group="lower-roman">''Bernstein and Others v Bester NO and Others'' (CCT23/95) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|num=2|year=1996}}; 1996 (4) BCLR 449; 1996 (2) SA 751 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=67|pages=}}'' </blockquote>Sauran muhimman shari'o'i game da haƙƙin sirri sun haɗa da ''Mistry v Interim National Medical and Dental Council of South Africa'', ''Investigating Directorate: Serious Economic Offences v Hyundai Motor Distributors'', ''Case v Minister of Safety and Security'', ''De Reuck v Director of Public Prosecutions'', da ''Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v Prince'', duk hukunce-hukuncen dokar laifi ta Afirka ta Kudu ko hanyar laifi. === 'Yancin Addini da Tunani === {{See also|'Yancin addini a Afirka ta Kudu}}{{Quote box | quote = '''§15(1):''' Kowa yana da hakkin 'yancin lamiri, addini, tunani, imani da ra'ayi. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 15(1) yana ba da haƙƙin duniya na 'yancin lamiri; 'yancin addini; da 'yancin tunani, imani, da ra'ayi. Haƙƙin 'yancin addini ya haifar da mafi yawan shari'o'in shari'a, ciki har da shari'o'i kamar ''Christian Education South Africa v Minister of Education'' da ''Minister of Home Affairs v Fourie''. A cikin ''Christian Education'', da kuma a cikin batun farko na ''S v Lawrence; S v Negal; S v Solberg'', Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta amince da ma'anar 'yancin addini na Kotun Koli ta Kanada, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ''R v Big M Drug Mart''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Plessis |first1=GA du |last2=Nel |first2=W. N. |date=2021-10-11 |title=The dimensional elements of the right to freedom of religion or belief in the South African Constitution |url=https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/jjs/article/view/5712 |journal=Journal for Juridical Science |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=25–56 |doi=10.18820/24150517/JJS46.i1.2 |issn=2415-0517|doi-access=free }}</ref> A ƙarƙashin wannan ma'anar, 'yancin addini "ya haɗa da duka haƙƙin samun imani da haƙƙin bayyana irin wannan imani a aikace".<ref name=":2" group="lower-roman" />''{{Rp|page=|pages=19}}'' Bugu da ƙari, haƙƙin yin addini da kafa ƙungiyoyin addini an kare shi a fili a wani wuri a cikin Dokar Haƙƙoƙi {{See below|content=a ƙasa}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rautenbach |first1=C. |last2=Janse van Rensburg |first2=F. |last3=Pienaar |first3=G. J. |date=2009-06-15 |title=Culture (and religion) in constitutional adjudication |url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/pelj/article/view/43474 |journal=Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.4314/pelj.v6i1.43474 |issn=1727-3781|doi-access=free |hdl=10394/1952 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Sasshe na 15(2) da 15(3) sun fayyace iyaka da ma'anar 'yancin da aka kare a sashe na 15(1). Sashe na 15(2) ya bayyana cewa, "Za a iya gudanar da ibadun addini a cibiyoyin gwamnati ko waɗanda gwamnati ke tallafawa, muddin— waɗannan ibadun sun bi ƙa'idojin da hukumomin gwamnati suka kafa; an gudanar da su bisa ga adalci; kuma halarta kyauta ce kuma ta son rai." Masu tattaunawar kundin tsarin mulki sun haɗa wannan tanadin a fili don hana muhawara game da addu'a a makarantun gwamnati.<ref name=":0" /> A halin yanzu, sashe na 15(3) yana shafan dokar iyali ta Afirka ta Kudu da yiwuwar tattara dokokin al'ada a wannan yanki: yana ba da tanadi cewa za a iya kafa doka don gane "aure da aka yi a ƙarƙashin kowane al'ada, ko tsarin dokar addini, na mutum ko na iyali; ko tsarin dokar mutum da iyali a ƙarƙashin kowane al'ada, ko waɗanda mutanen da suka yi wani addini suka bi", muddin irin wannan amincewa ya dace da Kundin Tsarin Mulki. === 'Yancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki === {{Quote box | quote = '''§16(1):''' Kowa yana da hakkin faɗar albarkacin baki, wanda ya haɗa da— 'yancin jarida da sauran kafofin watsa labarai; 'yancin karɓa ko ba da bayanai ko ra'ayoyi; 'yancin kirkire-kirkire na fasaha; da 'yancin ilimi da 'yancin binciken kimiyya. | align = right | width = 23% }}{{Main|Sashe na Goma sha shida na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Afirka ta Kudu}} Sashe na 16(1) yana kare haƙƙin duniya na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, ciki har da kariya ta musamman ga 'yancin jarida, "yancin kirkire-kirkire na fasaha", da 'yancin ilimi. Duk da haka, an iyakance iyakar 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a fili ta hanyar sashe na 16(2), wanda ya ba da tanadi cewa haƙƙin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki "bai kai ba" ga farfagandar yaƙi, tayar da tarzoma mai gabatowa, ko "bayar da shawarar ƙiyayya wanda ya dogara ne akan jinsi, kabila, jinsi ko addini, kuma wanda ya zama tayar da hankali don haifar da cutarwa". A cikin ''Islamic Unity Convention v Independent Broadcasting Authority'', Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta tabbatar da cewa nau'ikan magana da aka lissafa a sashe na 16(2) sun faɗi a waje da iyakokin magana da kundin tsarin mulki ya kare; duk da haka, ta kuma riƙe cewa sashe na 16(1) yana kare duk wani bayanin da ba a cire shi a fili a ƙarƙashin sashe na 16(2) ba, kuma duk wani tsari na irin wannan bayanin yana iyakance haƙƙin sashe na 16(1).<ref group="lower-roman">''Islamic Unity Convention v Independent Broadcasting Authority and Others'' (CCT36/01) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2002|num=3|court=ZACC}}; 2002 (4) SA 294; 2002 (5) BCLR 433 (CC).</ref> Don haka, daidai da ''Islamic Unity Convention'', kotunan Afirka ta Kudu sun fassara 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da faɗi.<ref name=":0" /> Musamman, Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta riƙe a cikin ''De Reuck v Director of Public Prosecutions'' cewa hotunan batsa na yara wani nau'i ne na magana da aka kare, ko da yake "ba shi da wani amfani", "bai shafi mahimman ƙimar haƙƙin ba", kuma "ana samun shi a gefen haƙƙin".<ref group="lower-roman">''De Reuck v Director of Public Prosecutions (Witwatersrand Local Division) and Others'' (CCT5/03) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2003|num=19|court=ZACC}}; 2004 (1) SA 406 (CC); 2003 (12) BCLR 1333 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=|pages=59}}'' Kotun Koli ta Appeal (Afirka ta Kudu) ta riƙe cewa magana ta kasuwanci ma ta zama magana da aka kare.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kruger |first1=Petronell |last2=Mafuyeka |first2=Mikateko |last3=Karim |first3=Safura Abdool |date=2022 |title=The Right to Free Commercial Speech in South Africa and its Tension with Public Health Interventions |journal=The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=317–321 |doi=10.1017/jme.2022.58 |issn=1748-720X |pmid=35894565|doi-access=free }}</ref> Dokar Daidaito ta 2000 ta ƙunshi haramtattun dokoki kan maganganun ƙiyayya waɗanda suka fi iyakokin da sashe na 16(2) ke nufi. A cikin ''Qwelane v South African Human Rights Commission'', Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta yi la'akari da ko waɗannan haramtattun dokoki sun dace da haƙƙin sashe na 16 na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Winks |first=Ben |date=2023 |title=Hate Hurts: Qwelane and the Lingering Obscurity in South Africa's Hate Speech Law |journal=Constitutional Court Review |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=67–123 |doi=10.2989/CCR.2023.0005 |issn=2073-6215 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Taro da zanga-zanga === {{Quote box | quote = '''§17:''' Kowa yana da hakkin, cikin lumana kuma ba tare da makami ba, don taru, don zanga-zanga, don piket da kuma gabatar da koke-koke. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 17 yana ba da haƙƙin duniya na taruwa, yin zanga-zanga, yin piket, da kuma gabatar da koke-koke, muddin an yi amfani da haƙƙin "cikin lumana kuma ba tare da makami ba". Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta sha riƙe ''obiter'' cewa waɗannan haƙƙoƙin sashe na 17 suna da nufin inganta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a cikin al'ummar dimokuraɗiyya.<ref name=":0" /> Har ila yau, ta yi la'akari da abun ciki na haƙƙoƙin sashe na 17 kai tsaye a cikin shari'o'i ciki har da ''South African Transport and Allied Workers Union v Garvas'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woolman |first=Stu |date=2011 |title=My Tea Party, Your Mob, Our Social Contract: Freedom of Assembly and the Constitutional Right to Rebellion in Garvis V Satawu ( Minister For Safety & Security, Third Party ) 2010 (6) Sa 280 (Wcc) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19962126.2011.11865019 |journal=South African Journal on Human Rights |language=en |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=346–353 |doi=10.1080/19962126.2011.11865019 |issn=0258-7203|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''Pilane v Pilane'',<ref>{{Citation |last1=Pickering |first1=Joanna |title=The Abuse of Interdicts by Traditional Leaders in South Africa |date=2021 |work=Land, Law and Chiefs in Rural South Africa: Contested histories and current struggles |pages=121–140 |editor-last=Capps |editor-first=Gavin |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/land-law-and-chiefs-in-rural-south-africa/abuse-of-interdicts-by-traditional-leaders-in-south-africa/B079AEF63024A21B9B5F6A04D733E5FF |access-date=2024-03-02 |publisher=Wits University Press |isbn=978-1-77614-681-9 |last2=Motala |first2=Ayesha |editor2-last=Kingwill |editor2-first=Rosalie |editor3-last=Beinart |editor3-first=William}}.</ref> da ''Mlungwana v S''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Myrone Stoffels |date=2019-10-02 |title=The Failure to Provide Notice of an Intended Gathering ‒ Mlungwana v The State (CCT32/18) 2018 ZACC 45 (CC) |url=https://obiter.mandela.ac.za/article/view/11272 |journal=Obiter |volume=40 |issue=2 |doi=10.17159/obiter.v40i2.11272 |issn=2709-555X|doi-access=free }}</ref> === 'Yancin haɗin kai === {{Quote box | quote = '''§18:''' Kowa yana da hakkin 'yancin haɗin kai. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 18 yana kare haƙƙin duniya na 'yancin haɗin kai. Kamar haƙƙoƙin sashe na 17, waɗannan haƙƙoƙin an sha alaƙanta su da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Yana rubuta wa Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki a cikin ''Pilane'', Mai Shari'a Thembile Skweyiya ya yi sharhi: <blockquote>Ya girgiza ni cewa amfani da haƙƙin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki za a iya inganta shi ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar rukuni. Hakazalika, haƙƙoƙin haɗin gwiwa za a iya haɓaka su ta hanyar sauƙin canja wurin asalin rukuni da manufa, waɗanda aka bayyana ta hanyar sunansa, alamunsa da lakabinsa. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙoƙi suna da alaƙa kuma suna taimakon juna. Shiga siyasa, wanda amfani da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ya motsa, zai iya kuma ya kamata ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da lissafi a kowane nau'i na jagoranci da kuma ƙarfafa kyakkyawan shugabanci.<ref group="lower-roman">''Pilane and Another v Pilane and Another'' (CCT 46/12) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2013|num=3|court=ZACC}}; 2013 (4) BCLR 431 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=|pages=69}}'' </blockquote>Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta tattauna 'yancin haɗin kai a tsayi a cikin ''New Nation Movement v President'', inda Mai Shari'a Mbuyiseli Madlanga ya riƙe cewa haƙƙin 'yancin haɗin kai yana nufin ba kawai haƙƙin inganci don 'yancin kafa ƙungiya ba har ma da haƙƙin mara kyau, wanda ke kare "yancin rashin haɗin kai ko kaɗan, idan wannan shine zaɓin mutum". A kan wannan tushe, Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta riƙe cewa sashe na 17, wanda aka karanta tare da haƙƙin sashe na 19(3)(b) na tsayawa takarar ofis, ya haifar da haƙƙin tsayawa takarar ofis a matsayin mai zaman kansa maimakon a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar siyasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolf |first=Loammi |date=2021 |title=Practical Implications for the Electoral System: New Nation Movement NPC v President of the Republic of South Africa |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/soaf138&id=64&div=&collection= |journal=South African Law Journal |volume=138 |pages=58–87|doi=10.47348/SALJ/v138/i1a4 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> === Haƙƙoƙin 'yan ƙasa === ==== Haƙƙoƙin siyasa ==== {{Quote box | quote = '''§19:''' Kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin zaɓin siyasa, wanda ya haɗa da hakkin— kafa jam'iyyar siyasa; shiga cikin ayyukan, ko ɗaukar mambobi don, jam'iyyar siyasa; da kuma yakin neman zaɓe ga jam'iyyar siyasa ko manufa. Kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da hakkin zaɓe na gaskiya, adalci da na yau da kullun ga kowace hukumar majalisa da aka kafa a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Kowane ɗan ƙasa mai girma yana da hakkin— don jefa ƙuri'a a zaɓe don kowace hukumar majalisa da aka kafa a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, da kuma yin hakan a asirce; da kuma tsayawa takarar ofishin jama'a kuma, idan an zaɓe shi, don riƙe ofishin.<br /> '''§20:''' Ba wani ɗan ƙasa da za a hana shi zama ɗan ƙasa. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 19 yana ba da cikakkun haƙƙoƙin siyasa ga 'yan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu. Sashe na 19(1) yana kare 'yancin 'yan ƙasa "don yin zaɓin siyasa", ciki har da haƙƙin kafa jam'iyyar siyasa, shiga cikin ayyukan jam'iyyar siyasa, da kuma yakin neman zaɓe ga jam'iyyar siyasa ko manufa. Sashe na 19(2) yana kare haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa na zaɓe na gaskiya, adalci da na yau da kullun ga dukkan hukumomin majalisa. A ƙarshe, sashe na 19(3) yana kare haƙƙin manyan 'yan ƙasa na jefa ƙuri'a a asirce a zaɓe don kowace hukumar majalisa, da kuma haƙƙin tsayawa takarar ofishin jama'a kuma, idan an zaɓe shi, don riƙe ofishin. Waɗannan sassan suna da alaƙa da tarihin Afirka ta Kudu na jefa ƙuri'a ta hanyar launin fata da kuma hana haƙƙin zaɓe a ko'ina; don haka suna da alaƙa da sashe na 20, wanda ya bayyana cewa, "Ba wani ɗan ƙasa da za a hana shi zama ɗan ƙasa". A cikin ''Ramakatsa v Magashule'', Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta ce game da sashe na 19 cewa: <blockquote>Iyaka da abun ciki na haƙƙoƙin da aka kafa ta wannan sashe za a iya tabbatar da su ta hanyar tsarin fassara wanda dole ne a sanar da shi ta hanyar mahallin da yake na tarihi da kuma na kundin tsarin mulki. A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, yawancin mutanen ƙasarmu an hana su haƙƙoƙin siyasa waɗanda tsiraru ke jin daɗinsu... An haramta yawancin ƙungiyoyin da manufofinsu shine inganta haƙƙoƙi da bukatun baƙar fata. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun haɗa da jam'iyyar ANC ta yanzu. Shiga cikin ayyukan waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ya zama babban laifi wanda ke ɗauke da babban hukunci. Manufar sashe na 19 shine hana wannan babban hanawa na haƙƙoƙin siyasa ga 'yan ƙasar ƙasar sake faruwa.<ref group="lower-roman">''Ramakatsa and Others v Magashule and Others'' (CCT 109/12) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2012|court=ZACC|num=31}}; 2013 (2) BCLR 202 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=|pages=64}}''</blockquote>Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki tana da babban jigon shari'o'in shari'a kan fassarar haƙƙoƙin siyasa, ciki har da yawancin a dokar zaɓe. Baya ga ''New Nation Movement'' da ''Ramakatsa'', muhimman shari'o'i sun haɗa da ''UDM v President'', ''New National Party v Government'', ''August v Electoral Commission'', da ''Minister of Home Affairs v NICRO''. ==== Haƙƙoƙin farar hula ==== {{Quote box | quote = '''§21(3)–(4):''' Kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da hakkin shiga, zama a ciki da zama ko'ina a cikin Jamhuriyar. Kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da hakkin fasfo. | align = right | width = 23% }} A ƙarƙashin taken "Yancin Motsi da Zama", sashe na 21(3) ya ba da tanadi cewa 'yan ƙasa suna da "haƙƙin shiga, zama a ciki da zama ko'ina a cikin Jamhuriyar", kuma sashe na 21(4) ya ba da tanadi game da haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa na fasfo. Waɗannan kariyar suna da alaƙa da tsoffin dokokin izinin wucewa da Dokar Yankuna na Rukuni, duka manufofin wariyar launin fata da aka ƙi;<ref name=":0" /> na ƙarshe wani ƙari ne ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1996, ba tare da makamancin sa ba a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na wucin gadi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berat |first=L. |date=2005-01-01 |title=The Constitutional Court of South Africa and jurisdictional questions: In the interest of justice? |url=https://academic.oup.com/icon/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/icon/moi003 |journal=International Journal of Constitutional Law |language=en |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=39–76 |doi=10.1093/icon/moi003 |issn=1474-2640}}</ref> Mafi kai tsaye amfani da haƙƙoƙin sashe na 21 a cikin shari'ar kundin tsarin mulki shine a cikin ''Geuking v President'', inda aka yi jayayya cewa haƙƙin sashe na 21(3) na "zama a" Afirka ta Kudu dole ne a yi la'akari da shi lokacin da gwamnati ta amince da miƙa ɗan ƙasa a ƙarƙashin Dokar Miƙawa ta 1962; duk da haka, kotun ta ƙi wannan jayayya.<ref group="lower-roman">''Geuking v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others'' (CCT35/02) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=2002|num=29}}; 2003 (3) SA 34 (CC); 2004 (9) BCLR 895 (CC).</ref> {{Quote box | quote = '''§22:''' Kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da hakkin zaɓar sana'arsa, aiki ko sana'a kyauta. Ana iya tsara aiwatar da sana'a, aiki ko sana'a ta doka. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 22 yana tabbatar da haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa na 'yancin ciniki, 'yancin aiki, da 'yancin sana'a. Ya kuma ba da tanadi cewa za a iya tsara aiwatar da sana'a, aiki, ko sana'a ta doka. Haƙƙoƙin sashe na 22 an fi yawan shari'ar su a cikin shari'o'i da suka shafi yarjejeniyoyi na hana ciniki.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pretorius |first=C. J. |date=2021-10-21 |title=Covenants in restraint of trade: A synthesis of traditional, common law and constitutional approaches |url=https://obiter.mandela.ac.za/article/view/12608 |journal=Obiter |volume=30 |issue=1 |doi=10.17159/obiter.v30i1.12608 |issn=2709-555X|doi-access=free }}</ref> A cikin wannan mahallin, a cikin ''Reddy v Siemens'', Mai Shari'a na Aiki Frans Malan ya ba da shawarar, a madadin Kotun Koli ta Appeal baki ɗaya, cewa 'yancin kwangila "wani muhimmin ɓangare ne" na haƙƙin sashe na 22.<ref group="lower-roman">''Reddy v Siemens Telecommunications (Pty) Ltd'' (251/06) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2006|num=135|court=ZASCA}}; 2007 (2) SA 486 (SCA); (2007) 28 ILJ 317 (SCA).</ref>''{{Rp|page=|pages=15}}'' Hakazalika, Babban Mai Shari'a Pius Langa ya rubuta a cikin ''Phumelela Gaming and Leisure v Gründlingh'' cewa: <blockquote>Dokar Haƙƙoƙi ba ta inganta ƙa'idodin gasa a fili ba, amma haƙƙin 'yancin ciniki, wanda aka kafa a sashe na 22 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, a ra'ayina, ya dace da tsarin gasa a cikin harkokin ciniki da kuma amincewa da kariyar gasa a matsayin mai amfani ga jin daɗin jama'a.<ref group="lower-roman">''Phumelela Gaming and Leisure Limited v Gründlingh and Others'' (CCT31/05) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2006|num=6|court=ZACC}}; 2006 (8) BCLR 883 (CC); 2007 (6) SA 350 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=|pages=36}}''</blockquote>Magabacin sashe na 22 a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na wucin gadi ba a iyakance aikace-aikacensa ga 'yan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu ba don haka zai iya karɓar waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba har ma da mutane na shari'a a cikin kariyar da yake bayarwa.<ref name=":0" /> A lokacin tsarin tabbatar da kundin tsarin mulki, Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta yi la'akari da ƙalubale ga wannan ƙuntatawa na iyaka amma ta ƙi shi a kan cewa sashe na 22 ya kasance mai dacewa. === 'Yancin motsi === {{Quote box | quote = '''§22(1)–(2):''' Kowa yana da 'yancin motsi. Kowa yana da 'yancin barin Jamhuriyar. | align = right | width = 23% }} Duk da yake sassan 21(3) da 21(4) an takaita su ga ƴan ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, sassan 21(1) da 21(2) ba a takaita su ba. Suna bayar da, bi da bi, haƙƙin duniya na 'yancin motsi da kuma haƙƙin duniya na "barin Jamhuriyar". A shari'ar ''Affordable Medicines Trust v Minister of Health'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yi la'akari da amfani da haƙƙin 'yancin motsi ga tsarin lasisi inda za a iya amfani da lasisin magunguna a wasu wurare kawai; a wannan shari'ar, ta riƙe cewa "haƙƙin yanke shawara inda mutum zai yi sana'arsa" yana ƙarƙashin tsari a ƙarƙashin sashe na 22 na Tsarin Mulki, tunda haƙƙi ne da ya shafi yin sana'a.<ref group="lower-roman">''Affordable Medicines Trust and Others v Minister of Health and Another'' (CCT27/04) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2005|num=3|court=ZACC}}; 2006 (3) SA 247 (CC); 2005 (6) BCLR 529 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=102}}'' === Alakar aiki === {{Quote box | quote = '''§23(1)–(3):''' Kowa yana da 'yancin gudanar da ayyukan aiki masu adalci. Kowane ma'aikaci yana da hakkin— ya kafa kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar ƙwadago; ya shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar ƙwadago; da kuma yajin aiki. Kowane ma'aikaci yana da hakkin— ya kafa kuma ya shiga ƙungiyar masu ɗaukan ma'aikata; da kuma ya shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shiryen ƙungiyar masu ɗaukan ma'aikata. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 23 ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin aiki da yawa, na mutum da na ƙungiya a cikin yanayi kuma yana amfani ga ma'aikata da masu ɗaukan ma'aikata. Sassan 23(1) da 23(2) sun shafi haƙƙoƙin ma'aikata na duniya. Sashe na 23(1) yana ba da haƙƙin "ayyukan aiki masu adalci", yayin da sashe na 23(2) ke ba da haƙƙin yajin aiki da haƙƙin kafawa, shiga, da shiga cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar ƙwadago. Haka kuma, a ƙarƙashin sashe na 23(3), kowane ma'aikaci yana da haƙƙin kafawa, shiga, da shiga cikin ayyukan ƙungiyar masu ɗaukan ma'aikata. Sashe na 23(4) ya tanadi cewa kowace ƙungiyar ƙwadago da ƙungiyar masu ɗaukan ma'aikata suna da haƙƙin "tantance mulkinsu, shirye-shiryen da ayyukansu; tsarawa; da kuma kafawa da shiga ƙungiyar tarayya", yayin da sashe na 23(5) ya tanadi cewa kowace ƙungiyar ƙwadago, ƙungiyar masu ɗaukan ma'aikata, da ma'aikaci suna da haƙƙin shiga cikin ciniki na haɗin gwiwa. Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta fassara waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a shari'o'i ciki har da ''SANDU v Minister of Defence I'', ''SANDU v Minister of Defence II'', ''NEHAWU v University of Cape Town'', da ''NUMSA v Bader Bop''. Sashe na 23 ya kammala da tanadin, a sashe na 23(5) da sashe na 23(6) bi da bi, cewa ana iya kafa dokokin ƙasa don daidaita ciniki na haɗin gwiwa da kuma gane tsarin tsaro na ƙungiya da ke cikin yarjejeniyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Don haka, a wata sanarwa ta farko ta ƙa'idar rarrabuwar kawunansu, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta riƙe a ''SANDU II'' cewa masu shigar da ƙara da ke neman tilasta haƙƙinsu na sashe na 23(5) na ciniki na haɗin gwiwa ya kamata su dogara ga duk wata doka (ciki har da dokokin da aka ƙaddamar) da aka kafa don daidaita aiwatar da wannan haƙƙin, maimakon dogara kai tsaye ga rubutun sashe na 23(5). === Muhalli === {{Quote box | quote = '''§24:''' Kowa yana da haƙƙin— samun muhalli wanda ba shi da cutarwa ga lafiyarsu ko jin daɗinsu; kuma a kare muhalli, don amfanin al'ummomi na yanzu da na gaba, ta hanyar matakan doka da sauran matakan da suka dace waɗanda— ke hana gurɓatawa da lalacewar muhalli; inganta kiyayewa; da kuma tabbatar da ci gaban muhalli mai dorewa da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yayin inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa mai adalci. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 24 ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin muhalli na duniya guda biyu. Na farko, wanda aka tanadar a sashe na 24(a), shine haƙƙin daidaikun mutane "zuwa muhalli wanda ba shi da cutarwa ga lafiyarsu ko jin daɗinsu". Na biyu, wanda aka tanadar a sashe na 24(b), shine haƙƙin "a kare muhalli, don amfanin al'ummomi na yanzu da na gaba, ta hanyar matakan doka da sauran matakan da suka dace"; irin waɗannan matakan dole ne "su hana gurɓatawa da lalacewar muhalli; inganta kiyayewa; da kuma tabbatar da ci gaban muhalli mai dorewa da amfani da albarkatun ƙasa yayin inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa mai adalci." A shari'ar ''Eskom v Vaal River Development Association'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta riƙe cewa takunkumin samar da wutar lantarki, wanda Eskom ta yi a Lekwa Local Municipality da Ngwathe Local Municipality, ya shafi haƙƙin mazauna na sashe na 24(a), saboda takunkumin ya yi mummunan tasiri ga maganin najasa da kuma ingancin samar da ruwa. Alkali Madlanga ya yi sharhi, "Idan kwararar kashin ɗan adam kai tsaye zuwa kogin Vaal bai keta haƙƙin samun muhalli wanda ba shi da cutarwa ga lafiya ko jin daɗi ba, ban san me ke keta ba."<ref group="lower-roman">''Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd v Vaal River Development Association (Pty) Ltd and Others'' (CCT 44/22) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=2022|num=44}}; 2023 (5) BCLR 527 (CC); 2023 (4) SA 325 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=288}}'' === Dukiya === Sashe na 25, wanda ake kira sashi na dukiya, ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin dukiya na tsarin mulki. Idan aka kwatanta da na ƙasashen duniya, yana da cikakkun bayanai fiye da yadda aka saba,<ref name=":0" /> kuma an yi ta muhawara mai zafi game da haƙƙoƙin dukiya a lokacin tattaunawar tsarin mulki, wani ɓangare saboda mahimmancin alamomin sake fasalin ƙasa a zamanin bayan wariyar launin fata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chaskalson |first=Matthew |date=1994 |title=The Property Clause: Section 28 of the Constitution |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02587203.1994.11827533 |journal=South African Journal on Human Rights |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=131–139 |doi=10.1080/02587203.1994.11827533 |issn=0258-7203|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A watan Yuni da Satumba na 1993, alal misali, an yi zanga-zanga a Kempton Park da [[Pretoria]] ta al'ummomin da ke neman amincewar tsarin mulki ga haƙƙinsu na komawa ƙasar da aka kora su daga gare ta; a lokaci guda, wasu al'ummomin sun ƙudura cewa sashe na 25 ya kamata ya tabbatar da kare haƙƙoƙin mallakar sirri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Klug |first=Heinz |date=1996 |title=Participating in the Design: Constitution-Making in South Africa |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/revicos3&id=20&div=&collection= |journal=Review of Constitutional Studies |volume=3 |pages=18}}</ref> {{Quote box | quote = '''§25(1)–(2):''' Ba wanda za a hana shi dukiya sai dai bisa ga dokar da aka yi amfani da ita gabaɗaya, kuma babu wata doka da za ta ba da izinin kwace dukiya ba tare da dalili ba. Za a iya kwace dukiya ne kawai bisa ga dokar da aka yi amfani da ita gabaɗaya— don amfanin jama'a ko don amfanin jama'a; kuma bisa ga biyan diyya, adadin wanda da lokaci da yadda za a biya shi waɗanda waɗanda abin ya shafa suka amince da su ko kuma kotu ta yanke ko ta amince. | align = right | width = 23% }} Jigon haƙƙoƙin dukiya na tsarin mulki shine sassan 25(1) da 25(2), waɗanda ke kare mutane daga kwace dukiya da kuma kwace dukiya bi da bi. Dangane da waɗannan tanade-tanaden, kwace ko kwace dukiya yana da izini ne kawai idan ya faru "bisa ga dokar da aka yi amfani da ita gabaɗaya". Bugu da ƙari, sashe na 25(1) ya ƙara da cewa kwace dukiya ba za a yi shi ba tare da dalili ba, kuma sashe na 25(2) ya ƙara da cewa kwace dukiya dole ne ya kasance "don amfanin jama'a ko don amfanin jama'a" kuma "bisa ga biyan diyya, adadin wanda da lokaci da yadda za a biya shi waɗanda waɗanda abin ya shafa suka amince da su ko kuma kotu ta yanke ko ta amince". A shari'ar ''FNB v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Services'', wata shari'ar farko game da fassarar sashi na dukiya, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta riƙe cewa babban manufar waɗannan tanade-tanaden shine "samun daidaitaccen ma'auni" tsakanin kare haƙƙoƙin dukiya da amfanin jama'a. A cikin shari'ar guda ɗaya, kotun ta ƙi bayyana dukiya gabaɗaya, amma ta riƙe cewa sashe na 25 tabbas ya shafi mallakar abubuwa masu motsi da ƙasa.<ref group="lower-roman">''First National Bank of SA Limited t/a Wesbank v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Services and Another; First National Bank of SA Limited t/a Wesbank v Minister of Finance'' (CCT19/01) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=2002|num=5}}; 2002 (4) SA 768; 2002 (7) BCLR 702 (CC). </ref>''{{Rp|page=|pages=50-1}}'' {{Quote box | quote = '''§25(3):''' Adadin diyya [na dukiya da aka kwace] da lokaci da yadda za a biya dole ne su zama masu adalci da daidaito, suna nuna daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin amfanin jama'a da bukatun waɗanda abin ya shafa, idan aka yi la'akari da duk yanayin da ya dace, ciki har da— yadda ake amfani da dukiyar a halin yanzu; tarihin mallaka da amfani da dukiyar; ƙimar kasuwar dukiyar; girman jari na jiha kai tsaye da tallafi wajen mallaka da inganta babban jarin dukiyar; da kuma manufar kwace. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 25(3) ya ba da ƙarin jagora game da yanayin da za a iya ba da izinin kwace. Yana buƙatar cewa, "Adadin diyya da lokaci da yadda za a biya dole ne su zama masu adalci da daidaito, suna nuna daidaitaccen ma'auni tsakanin amfanin jama'a da bukatun waɗanda abin ya shafa, idan aka yi la'akari da duk yanayin da ya dace". Sassan 25(3)(a)–(e) suna ba da jerin abubuwa biyar waɗanda ba a iyakance su ba waɗanda ake ɗauka a matsayin "yanayin da ya dace". Fassarar buƙatun sashe na 25(3) na "diyya mai adalci da daidaito" ta kasance mai cike da cece-kuce.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Du Plessis |first=Elmien |date=2019-12-05 |title=The Msiza-case: the perpetuation of injustices by the miscalculation of "just and equitable" compensation |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/eplj-2019-0009/html |journal=European Property Law Journal |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=211–226 |doi=10.1515/eplj-2019-0009 |issn=2190-8362|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Musamman, a cikin mahallin shawarwarin siyasa na kwace ƙasa ba tare da diyya ba, an yi muhawara mai mahimmanci game da ko sashe na 25(3) yana ba da izinin kwace inda aka saita adadin diyya zuwa sifili.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akinola |first=Adeoye O. |date=2020-04-02 |title=Land Reform in South Africa: Interrogating the Securitisation of Land Expropriation Without Compensation |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589346.2020.1715178 |journal=Politikon |language=en |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=215–232 |doi=10.1080/02589346.2020.1715178 |issn=0258-9346|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lubbe |first1=Hein |last2=du Plessis |first2=Elmien |date=2021 |title=Compensation for Expropriation in South Africa, and International Law: The Leeway and the Limits |journal=Constitutional Court Review |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=79–112 |doi=10.2989/CCR.2021.0004 |issn=2073-6215|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kwarteng |first1=Abdul Hamid |last2=Botchway |first2=Thomas Prehi |date=2019 |title=State Responsibility and the Question of Expropriation: A Preliminary to the Land Expropriation without Compensation Policy in South Africa |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jpola12&id=101&div=&collection= |journal=Journal of Politics and Law |volume=12 |pages=98|doi=10.5539/jpl.v12n1p98 |doi-access=free }}</ref> A cikin 2021, Majalisar Dokoki ta yi la'akari da kuma ƙi da Dokar Gyaran Tsarin Mulki ta Goma Sha Takwas, wanda zai gyara sashe na 25 kuma a bayyane ya ba da izinin kwace ba tare da diyya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Constitutional Amendment Bill on land is a spectacular and expected failure |url=https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/opinion/2021-12-09-editorial-constitutional-amendment-bill-on-land-is-a-spectacular-and-expected-failure/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Sauran tanade-tanaden sashe na 25 sun shafi amfani da haƙƙoƙin dukiya ga binciken jihar na sake fasalin ƙasa, don haka suna samar da tsarin tsarin mulki don sake fasalin ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> Babban tushe ga wannan tsarin shine sashe na 25(8), wanda ya tanadi cewa, "Babu wani tanadi na wannan sashi da zai iya hana jihar ɗaukar matakan doka da sauran matakan don cimma ƙasa, ruwa da sake fasalin da ke da alaƙa, don gyara sakamakon wariyar launin fata na baya". Bugu da ƙari, sashe na 25(4) ya tanadi cewa "ƙudurin ƙasa ga sake fasalin ƙasa, da kuma sake fasali don samar da daidaitaccen damar samun duk albarkatun ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu" wani ɓangare ne na "amfanin jama'a" kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a sassan 25(2) da 25(3). Sauran tanade-tanade, mafi takamaiman game da sake fasalin ƙasa an fahimci su a matsayin ba da haƙƙoƙin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi masu alaƙa da ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> Sashe na 25(5) ya shafi rarraba ƙasa: yana tilasta wa jiha "ɗaukar matakan doka da sauran matakan da suka dace, a cikin albarkatun da take da su, don haɓaka yanayin da ke ba da damar 'yan ƙasa su sami damar samun ƙasa a kan daidaitaccen tsari". Sashe na 25(6) ya shafi sake fasalin mallakar ƙasa: ya tanadi cewa, "Mutum ko al'umma waɗanda mallakar ƙasarsu ba ta da tabbas a shari'a sakamakon dokokin wariyar launin fata na baya ko ayyuka suna da haƙƙin, gwargwadon yadda Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta tanadi, ko dai mallakar da take da tabbas a shari'a ko kuma gyara mai kwatankwacin". Sashe na 25(9), bugu da ƙari, yana tilasta wa Majalisar Dokoki ta kafa irin wannan dokar. A ƙarshe, sashe na 25(7) ya tanadi dawo da ƙasa: "Mutum ko al'umma da aka kwace musu dukiya bayan 19 ga Yuni 1913 sakamakon dokokin wariyar launin fata na baya ko ayyuka suna da haƙƙin, gwargwadon yadda Dokar Majalisar Dokoki ta tanadi, ko dai maido da wannan dukiyar ko kuma gyara mai adalci", 19 ga Yuni 1913 kasancewar ranar da aka shelanta Dokar Baƙar Fata ta 27 ta 1913. === Gidaje === {{Quote box | quote = '''§26:''' Kowa yana da 'yancin samun isasshen gida. Jiha dole ne ta ɗauki matakan doka da sauran matakan da suka dace, a cikin albarkatun da take da su, don cimma nasarar wannan haƙƙin. Ba wanda za a kora daga gidansu, ko a ruguza gidansu, ba tare da umarnin kotu ba bayan an yi la'akari da duk yanayin da ya dace. Babu wata doka da za ta ba da izinin korar da ba ta dace ba. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 26 ya ba da haƙƙoƙin gidaje na duniya guda biyu: "haƙƙin samun isasshen gida", da kuma haƙƙin kariya daga korar da ba ta dace ba. Haƙƙin samun damar yin amfani da gida, wanda aka bayyana a sashe na 26(1), an cika shi, a sashe na 26(2), ta hanyar nauyin da ke kan jiha na ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don cimma "nasarar cigaba" na wannan haƙƙin. Wannan nau'in tanade-tanaden an fassara shi ta Kotun Tsarin Mulki a cikin shari'ar tarihi ta ''Government v Grootboom'', wanda ya riƙe cewa haƙƙin gida yana da hukunci kuma yana da ƙarfi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schneider |first=Daniel |date=2004 |title=The Constitutional Right to Housing in South Africa: The Government of the Republic of South Africa v. Irene Grootboom |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/ijcsl2&id=147&div=&collection= |journal=International Journal of Civil Society Law |volume=2 |pages=45}}</ref> Sashe na 26(3), game da haƙƙin tsari mai kyau a cikin korarwa, ya tanadi cewa, "Ba wanda za a kora daga gidansu, ko a ruguza gidansu, ba tare da umarnin kotu ba bayan an yi la'akari da duk yanayin da ya dace." A cikin ''Jaftha v Schoeman'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta gano cewa wannan haƙƙin yana neman gyara tarihin wariyar launin fata na korar tilas ta hanyar kare tsaro na mallaka. Haƙƙoƙin mutanen da ke fuskantar korarwa ana karesu kai tsaye ta hanyar Dokar Tsawaita Tsaron Mallaka ta 62 ta 1997 da Dokar Hana Korar Ba bisa Ka'ida ba daga kuma Ma'aikata Mara izini na ƙasa ta 19 ta 1998. Duk da haka, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yi amfani da Tsarin Mulki ga korarwa a shari'o'i ciki har da ''Port Elizabeth Municipality v Various Occupiers'', ''President v Modderklip Boerdery'', ''Residents of Joe Slovo Community v Thubelisha Homes'', da ''Occupiers of 51 Olivia Road, Berea Township and 197 Main Street Johannesburg vs City of Johannesburg''; yawancin waɗannan shari'o'in sun shafi korarwa daga ƙasar da aka mamaye ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Woolman |first1=Stu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xuv9mgEACAAJ |title=Constitutional Law of South Africa |last2=Bishop |first2=Michael |date=2013 |publisher=Juta & Company |isbn=978-0-7021-9990-5 |edition=2nd |language=en}}</ref> Bisa ga ''Jaftha v Schoeman'', haƙƙoƙin gida suna da mahimman tasiri ga hanyoyin shari'a na Afirka ta Kudu, musamman game da bayar da takardar umarnin aiwatarwa ga gidajen masu bashi. Shari'o'in da ke magana da sakamakon ''Jaftha'' sun haɗa da ''Menqa v Markom'', ''Standard Bank v Saunderson'', da ''Gundwana v Steko Development''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beukes |first=Soraya |date=2020 |title=Are the courts nuanced enough in protecting the Right to Housing against sales in execution? |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-1eb550f3be |journal=ESR Review: Economic and Social Rights in South Africa |volume=21 |issue=2|hdl=10520/EJC-1eb550f3be }}</ref> === Ayyukan Asali da Tsaro na Zamani === {{Quote box | quote = '''§27:''' Kowa na da 'yancin samun dama ga— ayyukan kiwon lafiya, ciki har da kiwon lafiya na haihuwa; abinci da ruwa da suka wadatar; da tsaro na zamani, ciki har da taimakon zamantakewa da ya dace idan ba su da ikon tallafawa kansu da wadanda suke dogara da su. Dole ne jihadi ya dauki matakan dokoki da na daban da suka dace, daidai da albarkatunsa, don cimma ci gaban aiwatar da wadannan hakkoki. Ba wanda za a hana masa magani cikin gaggawa. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 27(1) yana tabbatar da wasu hakkoki guda uku na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da suka shafi kowa, wanda David Bilchitz ke ganin ya kamata a duba su tare saboda suna dogaro da juna: ba wani mai daraja idan ba tare da sauran ba. Kamar yadda ya ke ga hakkin samun gida, an ba jihadi alhakin daukar matakai da suka dace don cimma "ci gaban aiwatar da kowanne hakki", kamar yadda aka fayyace a sashe 27(2). Hakkin farko na sashe 27(1) shi ne hakkin samun dama ga ayyukan kiwon lafiya, ciki har da kiwon lafiya na haihuwa; sannan, sashe 27(3) ya fayyace cewa, "Ba wanda za a hana masa magani cikin gaggawa." Manyan shari'o'in da suka kalubalanci wannan hakki sun hada da ''Soobramoney v Minister of Health, KwaZulu-Natal'' da ''Minister of Health v Treatment Action Campaign No. 2''. Shari'ar Soobramoney ta bayyana cewa hakkin sashe 27(3) na magani cikin gaggawa yana da fassarar da ta takaita, wato magunguna na gaggawa daga rashin lafiya mai tsanani da ba a zata ba; ba ya kunshe da magani mai ci gaba don cututtuka na dindindin, ko da kuwa cutar na iya barazana ga rayuwa. Hakki na biyu a cikin sashe 27(1) shi ne hakkin samun dama ga abinci da ruwa da suka wadatar. Hakkin samun abinci ba ya shahara a shari’a, kodayake yana kasancewa wani la’akari a cikin shari’o’in da ke shafar korar mutum daga ƙasa da suke amfani da ita wajen samar da abinci. Hakkin samun ruwa ya fara bayyana a gaban Kotun Kundin Tsarin Mulki a cikin shari’ar ''Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg''. Samun ruwa da tsafta yana kasancewa wani ɓangare na samun dama ga gidaje da suka dace kamar yadda sashe 26(1) ya tanadar, misali a cikin ''Residents of Joe Slovo Community''. A ƙarshe, sashe 27(1) ya tanadar da hakkin samun dama ga tsaro na zamani, ciki har da hakkin samun "taimakon zamantakewa da ya dace" ga waɗanda ba su da ikon tallafawa kansu da wadanda suke dogara da su. Shari’ar da ta fi jan hankali wajen fassara wannan hakki ita ce ''Khosa v Minister of Social Development'', game da hanawa 'yan ƙasashen waje shiga cikin shirye-shiryen jin ƙai na gwamnati. Hakkin samun taimakon zamantakewa ya shiga hannu sosai a cikin shari’ar ''Black Sash Trust v Minister of Social Development'', game da gazawar Ma’aikatar Ci Gaban Jama’a wajen tabbatar da gudanar da tallafin jin kai cikin tsari a lokacin rikicin tallafin 2017. === Haƙƙoƙin yara === {{Quote box | quote = '''§28(2):''' Babban muradin yaro shi ne mafi mahimmanci a cikin kowace al'amari da ya shafi yaron. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 28 ya tanadi wasu haƙƙoƙi da yara ke da su, tare da sashe na 28(3) yana bayyana yara a matsayin mutane waɗanda basu kai shekaru 18 ba. Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, sashe na 28(2) ya tanadi babban matsayin mafi kyawun muradin yaro, wani ka'ida da aka shigo da ita daga Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] kan Haƙƙoƙin Yara kuma aka haɓaka ta sosai a cikin shari'ar Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Couzens |first=Meda |date=2019 |title=The best interest of the child and the Constitutional Court |journal=Constitutional Court Review |language=en |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=363–386 |doi=10.2989/CCR.2019.0014 |issn=2073-6215|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Binford |first=Warren |date=2016 |title=The Constitutionalization of Children's Rights in South Africa |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/nyls60&id=343&div=&collection= |journal=New York Law School Law Review |volume=60 |pages=333}}</ref> Bugu da kari, sashe na 28(1) ya lissafa haƙƙoƙi tara da yara kaɗai ke da su. Dangane da rayuwar gida da iyali, yara suna da haƙƙin "samun suna da ɗan ƙasa tun daga haihuwa; samun kulawar iyali ko kulawar iyaye, ko kuma ingantaccen kulawa na madadin lokacin da aka cire su daga muhallin iyali; samun abinci na asali, matsuguni, ayyukan kiwon lafiya na asali da ayyukan zamantakewa; [kuma] a kare su daga mugunta, sakaci, cin zarafi ko cin mutunci". Wasu haƙƙoƙi guda biyu sun shafi aikin yara: yara suna da haƙƙin "a kare su daga ayyukan aiki masu cin zarafi" kuma "kada a buƙaci su ko a ba su izinin yin aiki ko samar da ayyuka waɗanda— basu dace da shekarun yaron ba; ko kuma su jefa jin daɗin yaron, ilimi, lafiyar jiki ko ta hankali ko ci gaban ruhaniya, ɗabi'a ko zamantakewa cikin haɗari". A cikin hanyoyin shari'ar laifuka, yara suna da haƙƙin "kada a tsare su sai dai a matsayin matakin ƙarshe". Yaron da aka tsare "za a iya tsare shi ne kawai na ɗan gajeren lokaci mafi dacewa, kuma yana da haƙƙin a raba shi da waɗanda aka tsare sama da shekaru 18; kuma a kula da shi ta hanya, kuma a ajiye shi a cikin yanayi, da ke la'akari da shekarun yaron". A cikin hanyoyin shari'ar farar hula, yara suna da haƙƙin "samun lauya da jiha ta sanya wa yaron, kuma a kan kuɗin jiha, a cikin shari'o'in farar hula da suka shafi yaron, idan rashin adalci mai yawa zai haifar". A ƙarshe, yara suna da haƙƙin "kada a yi amfani da su kai tsaye a cikin rikicin makamai, kuma a kare su a lokutan rikicin makamai". === Ilimi === Sashe na 29 ya tabbatar da haƙƙin ilimi na duniya kuma ya bayyana nauyin da ke kan jiha game da wannan. An bayyana shi a matsayin "haƙƙin haɗe-haɗe": yayin da sashe na 29(1) ke kare haƙƙin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, sassan 29(2) da 29(3) sun shafi haƙƙoƙin farar hula.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Arendse |first=L |date=2012-01-12 |title=The Obligation to Provide Free Basic Education in South Africa: An International Law Perspective |url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/pelj/article/view/73010 |journal=Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad |volume=14 |issue=6 |doi=10.4314/pelj.v14i6.4 |issn=1727-3781|hdl=2263/17562 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Sashe na 29 gabaɗaya ana ganin ya samo asali ne daga yanayin wariyar launin fata wanda aka tattauna Dokar Haƙƙoƙi: haƙƙin ilimi yana da al'amari na "maido da martaba", idan aka ba da tasirin tsarin Ilimin Bantu, amma kuma yana da al'amari na kariya ga waɗanda suka daraja Afrikaans a matsayin harshen koyarwa ko kuma waɗanda ba su da niyyar miƙa kai ga ikon jiha a kan ilimi.<ref name=":0" /> {{Quote box | quote = '''§29(1):''' Kowa yana da haƙƙin— samun ilimi na asali, ciki har da ilimi na asali na manya; kuma samun ƙarin ilimi, wanda jiha, ta hanyar matakan da suka dace, dole ne ta samar da shi a hankali kuma ta sa ya zama mai sauƙin shiga. | align = right | width = 23% }} A ƙarƙashin sashe na 29(1)(a), akwai haƙƙin duniya na ilimi na asali, ciki har da ilimi na asali na manya, kuma an tanadi haƙƙin duniya na ƙarin ilimi a sashe na 29(1)(b). A cikin yanayin ƙarin ilimi, kamar yadda yake a cikin gidaje da ayyuka na asali, wajibcin jiha shine ɗaukar "matakan da suka dace" don sa albarkatun "a hankali su kasance masu samuwa kuma masu sauƙin shiga". Haƙƙin ilimi na asali ba a iyakance shi ta wannan hanya ba; a cikin ''Governing Body of the Juma Musjid Primary School v Essay'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta tabbatar da cewa "nan da nan za a iya aiwatar da shi", ba kamar wasu haƙƙoƙin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ba.<ref group="lower-roman">''Governing Body of the Juma Musjid Primary School & Others v Essay N.O. and Others'' (CCT 29/10) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2011|num=13|court=ZACC}}; 2011 (8) BCLR 761 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=37}}'' Duk da haka, kalmomin sashe na 29(1)(a) ba su nufin cewa ilimi na asali dole ne ya zama kyauta,<ref name=":0" /> kuma, a wannan fannin, ba shi da ƙarfi kamar Sanarwar Duniya ta Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam, wanda ke tanadi ilimi na asali kyauta.<ref name=":3" /> Duk da haka, kotuna sun fassara haƙƙin sashe na 29(1)(a) na ilimi na asali don faɗaɗa zuwa damar samun kayan aiki da suka wajaba don irin wannan ilimin:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skelton |first=Ann |author-link=Ann Skelton |date=2013 |title=The role of the courts in ensuring the right to a basic education in a democratic South Africa: a critical evaluation of recent education case law |url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2225-71602013000100002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=De Jure Law Journal |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=01–23 |issn=2225-7160 |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2025-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516020600/https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2225-71602013000100002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> a cikin ''Minister of Basic Education v Basic Education for All'', Kotun Koli ta Tabbatar da cewa sashe na 29(1)(a) ya ba da damar duk ɗalibai a makarantun gwamnati "a ba su kowane littafin karatu da aka tsara don matakin su kafin fara koyarwar darasin da aka tsara littafin karatu don shi".<ref group="lower-roman">''Minister of Basic Education v Basic Education for All'' (20793/2014) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZASCA|year=2015|num=198}}; [2016] 1 All SA 369 (SCA); 2016 (4) SA 63 (SCA).</ref> Sashe na 29(2) ya ƙara tanadin cewa, "Kowa yana da haƙƙin samun ilimi a cikin harshen hukuma ko harsunan da ya zaɓa a cibiyoyin ilimi na gwamnati inda ilimin ya dace." Don aiwatar da wannan haƙƙin, ana buƙatar jiha ta "yi la'akari da duk abubuwan da suka dace na ilimi, ciki har da cibiyoyin harshe guda ɗaya, tare da la'akari da— daidaito; yiwuwa; da kuma buƙatar gyara sakamakon dokokin da suka gabata na nuna bambancin launin fata da ayyuka." Idan aka yi la'akari da bambancin harsunan Afirka ta Kudu da kuma muhimmancin manufofin harshe, an yi ta shari'a game da wannan tanadin;<ref name=":0" /> shari'o'in da Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yanke hukunci sun haɗa da ''Mpumalanga Department of Education v Hoërskool Ermelo.''<ref group="lower-roman">''Head of Department: Mpumalanga Department of Education and Another v Hoërskool Ermelo and Another'' (CCT40/09) {{Cite SAFLII|year=2009|court=ZACC|num=32}}; 2010 (2) SA 415 (CC); 2010 (3) BCLR 177 (CC).</ref> A ƙarshe, sashe na 29(3) ya tanadi haƙƙin duniya na daidaikun mutane "don kafawa da kiyayewa, a kan kuɗinsu, cibiyoyin ilimi masu zaman kansu waɗanda— ba su nuna bambanci a kan tushen launin fata ba; an yi musu rajista da jiha; kuma suna kula da ka'idojin da ba su da ƙasa da ka'idojin da ke cikin cibiyoyin ilimi na gwamnati masu kwatankwacin === Al'adu, Harshe, da Al'ummomi === {{Quote box | quote = '''§30(1):''' Kowa yana da 'yancin amfani da harshen da kuma shiga cikin rayuwar al'adu da ya zaɓa. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sassan 30 da 31 sun yi la'akari da ƙarin haƙƙoƙin al'adu, haƙƙoƙin addini, da haƙƙoƙin harshe. Sashe na 30(1) ya tanadi cewa, "Kowa yana da 'yancin amfani da harshen da kuma shiga cikin rayuwar al'adu da ya zaɓa". Wannan 'yancin ya shafi duka a cikin sirri da kuma a cikin jama'a, tunda ba a iyakance aikace-aikacensa ga kowane takamaiman yanayi ba;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Venter |first=Francois |title=The protection of cultural, linguistic and religious rights: the framework provided by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10520/AJA02586568_675 |journal=SA Public Law |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=438–459|hdl=10520/AJA02586568_675 }}</ref> Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta gano a hukuncin ''Certification'' cewa haƙƙin amfani da harshen da mutum ya zaɓa "zai faɗaɗa zuwa ga sadarwa da gwamnati, bisa ga iyakancewar da suka dace inda za a ba da izini."<ref name=":1" group="lower-roman" />''{{Rp|page=213}}'' {{Quote box | quote = '''§31(1):''' Mutanen da ke cikin al'adu, addini ko harshe ba za a hana su haƙƙin, tare da sauran membobin wannan al'ummar— su ji daɗin al'adunsu, su yi addininsu kuma su yi amfani da harshensu; kuma su kafa, su shiga kuma su kula da ƙungiyoyin al'adu, addini da harshe da sauran sassan jama'a. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 31 ya shafi "mutanen da ke cikin al'adu, addini ko harshe", wanda ya tanadi "kada a hana su haƙƙin... su ji daɗin al'adunsu, su yi addininsu kuma su yi amfani da harshensu; kuma su kafa, su shiga kuma su kula da ƙungiyoyin al'adu, addini da harshe da sauran sassan jama'a." Tanadin ya kai ga 'yancin kowane memba na al'umma don aiwatar da waɗannan 'yancin "tare da sauran membobin wannan al'ummar", wanda ya bar shi ɗan duhu ko haƙƙoƙin sashe na 31 haƙƙoƙin rukuni ne ko haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya. Gabaɗaya ana kiransu "haƙƙoƙin haɗin gwiwa",<ref name=":0" /> kuma Alkali Sandile Ngcobo ya rubuta wa tsirarun mutane a cikin ''Prince v President of the Law Society'' cewa sashe na 31 "ya jaddada kuma ya kare yanayin haɗin gwiwa na haƙƙoƙin al'adu, addini da harshe", waɗanda aka kare a matakin mutum ɗaya a sashe na 30(1) kuma, a cikin lamarin addini, sashe na 15(1).<ref group="lower-roman">''Prince v President of the Law Society of the Cape of Good Hope'' (CCT36/00) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=2002|num=1}}; 2002 (2) SA 794; 2002 (3) BCLR 231 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=39}}'' A cikin ''Christian Education'', Alkali Albie Sachs ya nuna, ga kotun gaba ɗaya, cewa sashe na 31 "yana kama da" sashi na 27 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasashen Duniya kan Haƙƙoƙin Jama'a da Siyasa, sai dai cewa yana nufin "al'ummomi" maimakon "ƴan tsiraru": don haka, "muradin da sashe na 31 ke karewa ba na ƙididdiga ba ne wanda ya dogara da daidaita lambobi, amma inganci ne wanda ya dogara da mutunta bambancin".<ref name=":2" group="lower-roman">''Christian Education South Africa v Minister of Education'' (CCT4/00) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=2000|num=11}}; 2000 (4) SA 757; 2000 (10) BCLR 1051.</ref>''{{Rp|page=|pages=23–25}}'' Duka sashe na 30 da sashe na 31 sun ƙare tare da iyakoki na ciki a sashe na 30(2) da 31(2) bi da bi; a kowane hali, iyakancewar ita ce tanadin cewa haƙƙoƙin da aka ambata ba za a iya amfani da su ba "ta hanyar da ba ta dace da kowane tanadin Dokar Haƙƙoƙi ba". Dangane da sashe na 31(2), Sachs ya gano a cikin ''Christian Education'' cewa iyakancewar ta nemi "bayyana gaskiya game da fifikon Tsarin Mulki", yana hana haƙƙoƙin haɗin gwiwa daga "amfani da su don 'sarrafawa' ayyukan rukuni masu cutarwa na tsarin mulki" ko don kare "halayen zalunci na alaƙar ciki musamman a cikin al'ummomin da abin ya shafa".<ref name=":2" group="lower-roman" />''{{Rp|page=26}}'' Idan aka duba ta wannan fuskar, waɗannan iyakoki na ciki sun ɗauki matsayi mai kyau game da abin da ake kira paradox of tolerance.<ref name=":0" /> === Samun Bayanai === {{Quote box | quote = '''§32(1):''' Kowa yana da 'yancin samun damar— kowane bayani da jiha ke riƙe; kuma kowane bayani da wani mutum ke riƙe kuma wanda ake buƙata don aiwatarwa ko kariya ga kowane haƙƙi. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 32 ya tanadi haƙƙin duniya na samun bayani iri biyu: "kowane bayani da jiha ke riƙe", a ƙarƙashin sashe na 32(1)(a), da "kowane bayani da wani mutum ke riƙe kuma wanda ake buƙata don aiwatarwa ko kariya ga kowane haƙƙi", a ƙarƙashin sashe na 31(b). Yana daga cikin mafi ci gaban irin wannan tanadi a kowane tsarin mulki a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peled |first1=Roy |last2=Rabin |first2=Yoram |date=2011 |title=The Constitutional Right to Information |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/colhr42&id=361&div=&collection= |journal=Columbia Human Rights Law Review |volume=42 |pages=357}}</ref> A cikin hukuncin ''Certification'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta riƙe cewa sashe na 32 ya hango samun bayanan jiha a matsayin hanya don "manufa mafi faɗi, wato, don tabbatar da cewa akwai buɗaɗɗiyar gudanarwa da mai lissafi a duk matakan gwamnati";<ref name=":1" group="lower-roman">''Certification of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996'' (CCT 23/96) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=1996|num=26}}; 1996 (4) SA 744 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=83}}'' a cikin shari'o'in da suka biyo baya a ƙananan kotuna, an kuma haɗa shi da ƙa'idodin tsarin mulki na "lissafi, amsawa da buɗaɗɗen hali".<ref name=":0" /> Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta tabbatar da wannan alaƙa a cikin ''My Vote Counts v Minister of Justice'', inda kuma ta riƙe cewa samun wasu nau'ikan bayanai – a wannan yanayin, bayani game da tushen kuɗin jam'iyyun siyasa – yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiwatar da haƙƙoƙin siyasa da aka kare a sashe na 19.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Porat |first=Iddo |date=2021 |title=Buying Democracy: The Regulation of Private Funding of Political Parties and the Press After My Vote Counts |journal=Constitutional Court Review |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=503–531 |doi=10.2989/CCR.2021.0018 |issn=2073-6215 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sashe na 32(2) na Tsarin Mulki yana buƙatar aiwatar da dokokin ƙasa don ba da damar haƙƙin samun bayani, tare da tanadin da ya dace "don matakan da suka dace don rage nauyin gudanarwa da kuɗi a kan jiha". Dokar da aka kafa don haka ita ce Dokar Inganta Samun Bayani ta 2 ta 2000 (PAIA). Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta riƙe a cikin ''My Vote Counts v Speaker'' cewa, a ƙarƙashin ka'idar subsiyadi, haƙƙoƙin sashe na 32 daga yanzu suna da hukunci a matsayin iƙirari a ƙarƙashin, ko ƙalubale ga, PAIA. === Ayyukan Gudanarwa Mai Kyau === {{Quote box | quote = '''§33(1)–(2):''' Kowa yana da 'yancin samun ayyukan gudanarwa waɗanda ke da halal, masu ma'ana kuma masu adalci a tsari. Kowa da haƙƙoƙinsa suka shafa ta hanyar ayyukan gudanarwa yana da 'yancin a ba shi dalilai rubutattu. | align = right | width = 23% }} A ƙarƙashin taken "Ayyukan Gudanarwa Mai Kyau", sashe na 33 ya tanadi tsarin da ya dace na gudanarwa. Sashe na 33(1) ya tanadi haƙƙin duniya "na ayyukan gudanarwa waɗanda ke da halal, masu ma'ana kuma masu adalci a tsari", yayin da sashe na 33(2) ke buƙatar cewa, "Kowa da haƙƙoƙinsa suka shafa ta hanyar ayyukan gudanarwa yana da 'yancin a ba shi dalilai rubutattu." Abubuwan da ake buƙata guda uku na sashe na 33(1) sun kasance sanannu a cikin dokar gudanarwa ta Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin ƙa'idodin doka gama gari, amma an ba su sabon tushen tsarin mulki ta Dokar Haƙƙoƙi.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Currie |first=Iain |date=2006 |title=What difference does the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act make to administrative law? |url=https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC52672 |journal=Acta Juridica |volume=2006 |issue=1|hdl=10520/EJC52672 }}</ref> A cikin wata shari'ar trilogy ta farko – ''Fedsure Life Assurance v Johannesburg'', ''President of the Republic of South Africa v South African Rugby Football Union'', da ''Nel v Le Roux'' – Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta ƙara daidaita iyakokin "ayyukan gudanarwa", inda ta riƙe cewa ya cire ayyukan majalisa, ayyukan zartarwa, da ayyukan shari'a.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Hoexter |first=Cora |date=2006 |title=Administrative Action in the Courts |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/actj2006&id=311&div=&collection= |journal=Acta Juridica |volume=2006 |pages=303}}</ref> Sashe na 33(3) ya ba da umarni ga aiwatar da dokokin ƙasa don ba da damar haƙƙoƙin sashe na 33, yana ƙara cewa irin wannan dokar dole ne, "ta tanadi nazarin ayyukan gudanarwa ta kotu ko, idan ya dace, wata kotu mai zaman kanta da mara nuna bambanci; ta sanya nauyi ga jiha don ba da damar haƙƙoƙin a sassan (1) da (2); kuma ta inganta ingantaccen gudanarwa." Dokar da aka kafa don haka ita ce Dokar Inganta Adalcin Gudanarwa ta 3 ta 2000. === Samun dama ga kotuna === {{Quote box | quote = '''§34:''' Kowa yana da 'yancin a warware duk wata takaddama da za a iya warware ta hanyar amfani da doka a wani zaman sauraron karar jama'a mai adalci a gaban kotu ko, inda ya dace, wata kotu mai zaman kanta da ba ta nuna son kai ko wani dandalin. | align = right | width = 23% }} A ƙarƙashin taken "Samun dama ga Kotuna", sashe na 34 ya kunshi haƙƙin duniya na sauraron shari'o'in shari'a cikin adalci. Ya tanadi cewa, "Kowa yana da 'yancin a warware duk wata takaddama da za a iya warware ta hanyar amfani da doka a wani zaman sauraron karar jama'a mai adalci a gaban kotu ko, inda ya dace, wata kotu mai zaman kanta da ba ta nuna son kai ko wani dandalin". Tare da sashe na 32 da sashe na 33, sashe na 34 an gane shi a matsayin mai samar da nau'in "haƙƙin amfani", wani garanti ne na tsari da ke ba wa masu shigar da ƙara damar amfani ko kare sauran haƙƙoƙin su (na ainihi).<ref name=":0" /> A cikin mahallin tarihi, sashe na 34 yana amsa ga shanyewar sake nazarin shari'a a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata a ƙarƙashin sashe na hana shari'a da ikon majalisa, da kuma tsarin shari'a da aka raba bisa ga launin fata da Dokar Gudanar da Baƙar Fata ta 38 ta 1927 ta kirkira.<ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ''Chief Lesapo v North West Agricultural Bank'', Mai Shari'a Yvonne Mokgoro ta yi sharhi cewa haƙƙin sashe na 34 yana da alaƙa da ƙa'idar tsarin mulki na bin doka kuma, musamman, "ginshiƙi ne a kan 'yan banga, da hargitsi da rashin bin doka da ke haifarwa".<ref group="lower-roman">''Lesapo v North West Agricultural Bank and Another'' (CCT23/99) {{Cite SAFLII|year=1999|num=16|court=ZACC}}; 2000 (1) SA 409; 1999 (12) BCLR 1420.</ref>''{{Rp|page=22}}'' Kotun ta riƙe a ''S v Pennington'' cewa sashe na 34 ba ya shafi shari'o'in laifuka, waɗanda sashe na 35 ke daidaita su a maimakon haka.<ref group="lower-roman">''S v Pennington and Another'' (CCT14/97) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=1997|num=10}}; 1997 (10) BCLR 1413; 1997 (4) SA 1076 (CC).</ref>''{{Rp|page=46}}'' Sauran shari'o'in da suka shafi fassarar da amfani da sashe na 34 sun haɗa da ''Barkhuizen v Napier'', ''Beinash v Ernst & Young'', ''Metcash Trading v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service'', ''Armbruster v Minister of Finance'', da ''Mphahlele v First National Bank''.<ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ''President v Modderklip Boerdery'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yi la'akari da yanayin wajibcin jiha na aiwatar da sashe na 34.<ref group="lower-roman">''President of the Republic of South Africa and Another v Modderklip Boerdery (Pty) Ltd'' (CCT20/04) {{Cite SAFLII|court=ZACC|year=2005|num=5}}; 2005 (5) SA 3 (CC); 2005 (8) BCLR 786 (CC).</ref> === Kamawa, Tsarewa, da Shari'a === Mafi tsawo sashe na Dokar Haƙƙoƙi, sashe na 35 ya ƙunshi cikakken jerin haƙƙoƙi waɗanda ke kare ingantaccen tsari a cikin shari'o'in laifuka. Sashe na 35(1) ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin mutanen da "aka kama bisa zargin aikata laifi", yayin da sashe na 35(2) ya bayyana haƙƙin mutanen da "aka tsare, ciki har da kowane fursuna da aka yanke masa hukunci". Sashe na 35(3) ya ba da tabbacin haƙƙin kowane mai gabatar da ƙara na shari'a ta adalci, ciki har da, da sauransu, haƙƙin sanarwa game da tuhumar, haƙƙin shari'a ta jama'a, haƙƙin shari'a cikin sauri, haƙƙin samun wakilcin shari'a, haƙƙin a ɗauka mara laifi har sai an tabbatar da laifinsa, haƙƙin yin shiru, haƙƙin kin tuhumar kai, haƙƙin kin hukunci biyu (ana kiransa ''ne bis in idem'' a cikin dokar Afirka ta Kudu), da kuma haƙƙin ɗaukaka ƙara ko sake dubawa. Sashe na 35(5) ya kafa ƙa'idar banbanci, a ƙarƙashin wanda, "Shari'ar da aka samu ta hanyar da ta keta kowane haƙƙi a cikin Dokar Haƙƙoƙi dole ne a ware ta idan amincewar wannan shari'ar zai sa shari'ar ta zama mara adalci ko kuma in ba haka ba ta kasance mai cutarwa ga gudanar da shari'a." Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta fassara wannan tanadin a shari'o'i ciki har da ''S'' ''v Basson''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ally |first=D. |date=2013-02-28 |title=Determining the Effect (the Social Costs) of Exclusion under the South African Exclusionary Rule: Should Factual Guilt Tilt the Scales in Favour of the Admission of Unconstitutionally Obtained Evidence? |url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/pelj/article/view/85961 |journal=Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad |volume=15 |issue=5 |doi=10.4314/pelj.v15i5.13 |issn=1727-3781|hdl=2263/21116 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Sauran shari'o'in tarihi da suka shafi sashe na 35 sun haɗa da ''S v Dzukuda; S v Tshilo'', ''S v Singo'', ''S v Thebus'', da ''S v Bogaards''.<ref name=":0" /> == Takaitaccen bayani akan 'yanci == ‘Yancin da ke cikin Kundin ‘Yancin Dan Adam ba su da cikakken iko kuma za a iya takaita su ta hanyar tanade-tanaden da ke bayyane, inda ake iyakance ‘yancin mutum da sharuddan da aka gindaya a sassa daban-daban, misali Sashe na 9 da ya shafi daidaito. Bugu da ƙari, Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta tanadi '''tanadin iyakancewa gaba ɗaya''' a Sashe na 36, wanda ke ba da damar iyakance dukkan ‘yancin da ke cikin Kundin ‘Yanci bisa ga dokar da ake amfani da ita gaba ɗaya, kuma “iyakancewa dole ne su zama masu ma’ana da adalci a cikin al’umma mai bude zuciya da dimokuradiyya wacce ke girmama mutunci, daidaito da ‘yanci.” Duk wata iyakancewa dole ne ta zama mai ma’ana kuma sai da dalilin da ya dace. Iyakancewa kuma ya kamata su zama marasa tsauri. Bangarorin gwamnati, kamar kotuna, majalisar dokoki, ko bangaren zartaswa, na iya iyakance ‘yanci yayin gudanar da aikinsu. Misali, ta hanyar iyakance ‘yancin fursuna. Haka kuma, saboda yadda Kundin ‘Yanci ke aiki a kwance, ana iya iyakance ‘yanci ta ayyuka ko shawarar wasu mutane. Kotuna na da ikon tantance ingancin iyakancewar bisa Sashe na 36. Sashe na 36 ya lissafa wasu abubuwa da kotuna ke la'akari da su don tantance ko iyakancewar da aka yi tana da ma’ana da adalci: * Nau’in ‘yancin. * Muhimmancin iyakancewar. * Yanayi da girman iyakancewar. * Dangantaka tsakanin iyakancewar da manufarta. * Hanyoyin da ba su da tsauri don cimma manufar. Wadannan abubuwa ba su da cikakken iko kuma kotu na iya la'akari da wasu abubuwa da ta ga dama. Lokacin da ake duba nau’in ‘yanci, kotu za ta yi la’akari da abin da ‘yancin ya kunsa, mahimmancinsa da muradinsa. Misali, yana da wahala a iyakance ‘yancin rai da adalci kamar yadda Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yanke hukunci a cikin S v Makwanyane, inda aka soke hukuncin kisa. Inganta da kare bukatar jama’a mai inganci da halatta yana da muhimmanci a lokacin nazari akan iyakancewa da manufarta. Bugu da ƙari, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na bukatar a nemi hanyar da ba ta da tsauri don cimma wannan manufa, maimakon iyakance ‘yancin mutum.<ref>Rautenbach, Malherbe. "Constitutional Law, 4th Edition," 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-409-05053-0}}</ref> === Kwatanta da wasu dokokin ‘yancin dan adam === Tanadin iyakancewa da ke cikin Sashe na 36 ana kwatanta shi da irin su a cikin European Convention on Human Rights. Musamman, akwai iyakancewa akan ‘yancin sirri (Sashe na 8(2)), “sai dai wanda ya dace da doka kuma ya zama dole a cikin al’umma dimokuradiyya”, iyakancewar ‘yancin tunani da addini (sashe na 9(2)), “wanda aka kayyade da doka kuma ya zama dole a cikin al’umma dimokuradiyya,” da dai sauransu. A Kanada, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms aka amince da shi a shekarar 1982. Sashe na 1 na wannan Charter, kamar Sashe na 36 a dokar Afirka ta Kudu, ya ce ‘yanci “wanda aka kayyade da iyakancewa mai ma’ana da doka wanda za a iya nuna adalcinsa a cikin al’umma mai ‘yanci da dimokuradiyya.”<ref>Brice Dickson, "Human Rights in the 21st Century," Amnesty International Lecture, Queen's University, Belfast, 11 November 1999.</ref> === Hali na gaggawa === Sashe na 37 na Kundin ‘Yanci ya yi bayani musamman akan hali na gaggawa da kuma matsalolin da ke tattare da warware ‘yancin. == Aiwana Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam == Sasshikan 38 da 39 suna magana ne kan "Aiwana 'yancin dan Adam" da kuma "Fassarar Dokar 'Yanci" bi da bi. Dangane da fassara, Sashe na 39(1) yana cewa fassarar Dokar 'Yanci dole ne ta inganta "kimar da ke karfafa al'umma mai buɗewa da dimokuraɗiyya bisa mutuncin ɗan Adam, daidaito da 'yanci", kuma dole ne ta yi la'akari da dokar kasa da kasa, sannan ta iya la'akari da dokar ƙasashen waje. Sai dai abubuwan da ke cikin wannan sashe sun fi muhimmanci wajen tabbatar da yuwuwar gabatar da ƙara dangane da Dokar 'Yanci. === Aiwatarwa kai tsaye === {{Quote box | quote = '''§38:''' Duk wanda aka lissafa a wannan sashe yana da damar gabatar da ƙara a gaban kotun da ta dace, yana zargin cewa an take ko kuma ana barazanar takewa wa wani yanci da ke cikin Dokar 'Yanci, sannan kotu na iya bayar da hukunci da ya dace, ciki har da bayyanawa da tabbatar da haƙƙi. Wadanda za su iya gabatar da ƙara sun haɗa da: duk wanda ke aiki da kansa; wanda ke aiki a madadin wani wanda ba zai iya aiki da sunansa ba; wanda ke aiki a matsayin memba ko kuma a madadin ƙungiya ko rukunin mutane; wanda ke aiki don amfanin jama'a; da ƙungiya da ke aiki don moriyar membobinta. | align = right | width = 23% }} Sashe na 38 yana tabbatar da damar mutum wajen gabatar da ƙarar 'yancin dan Adam, da kansa ko a madadin wasu, ko a matsayin memba na ƙungiya, ko don amfanin jama'a. Ƙididdigar iyakar wannan damar ba ta da yawa. Dangane da Babin Takwas na Kundin Tsari, Kotun Tsarin Mulki ita ce kotun kololuwa a duk batutuwan da suka shafi kundin tsarin mulki, duk da haka ana gabatar da irin waɗannan ƙararraki a Kotun Ƙoli ta Afirka ta Kudu a matakin farko. === Aiwatarwa ta hanya kai tsaye ba === Sashe na 39(3) ya bayyana cewa Dokar 'Yanci ba ta musanta wanzuwar wasu haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci da aka amince da su ta hanyar dokokin al'ada, shari'ar al'ada ko dokar da aka tsara, muddin dai sun yi daidai da Dokar 'Yanci. Amma abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne, sashe na 39(2) ya bayyana cewa dole ne a fassara waɗannan dokoki daidai da Dokar 'Yanci: <blockquote>Lokacin fassarar kowace doka, da lokacin bunƙasa dokar al'ada ko shari'ar al'ada, dole ne kowace kotu, majalisa ko hukumar ta inganta ruhin, manufar da burin Dokar 'Yanci. </blockquote> Sashe na 39(2) ana ɗaukar sa a matsayin wata hanya ta biyu, wadda ba kai tsaye ba, wajen aiwatar da Dokar 'Yanci. A wannan hanyar, ba a amfani da Dokar 'Yanci kai tsaye don warware rikici, sai dai ana amfani da ita ta hanyar fassara ko inganta dokar da ba ta cikin kundin tsarin mulki da ke da alaƙa da rikicin. A cewar ka’idar kaucewa, kotuna na iya fifita aiwatarwa ta hanyar fassarar dokar da ba ta cikin kundin tsarin mulki kafin su juya zuwa hanyar kai tsaye. ==== Fassarar dokokin da aka tsara ==== {{Main|Fassarar dokoki a Afirka ta Kudu #Tasirin Dokar 'Yanci}} Tasirin sashe na 39(2) wajen fassarar dokoki an tattauna shi a cikin shari'ar ''Investigating Directorate: Serious Economic Offences v Hyundai Motors'', inda Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta bayyana cewa "duk dokoki dole ne a fassara su ta hanyar hangen Dokar 'Yanci" bisa "ruhin sauyi da juyin halitta da ke bayyana duk tsarin kundin tsarin mulki". Har ila yau, wannan fassarar ta buƙaci fifikon fassarar dokar ta hanyar rage karfinta, inda za a fifita fassarar da ba ta tauye kowane haƙƙi na kundin tsarin mulki. ==== Bunƙasa shari'ar al'ada ==== Dangane da shari'ar al'ada, sashe na 39(2) yana da muhimmanci musamman wajen amfani da Dokar 'Yanci a rikice-rikice na masu zaman kansu. A aikace, sai dai a wasu keɓantattun yanayi, ba a amfani da Dokar 'Yanci kai tsaye a cikin irin waɗannan rikice-rikice – ma’ana, ba a amfani da dokar don tantance sahihancin abin da mutum ya aikata. Madadin haka, saboda ka’idar kaucewa da kuma "gurbacewa da juyayin sashe na 8", kotuna suna fifita amfani da sashe na 39(2) fiye da 8(2): wato suna fifita bunƙasa shari'ar al'ada fiye da amfani da haƙƙin kundin tsarin mulki don soke abin da mutum ya aikata ko dokar al’ada da ke tasiri. A shari'ar ''Barkhuizen v Napier'', shari'ar kwangila ce inda Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta yanke cewa sharuddan kwangila ba za a gwama su da haƙƙin kundin tsarin mulki ba sai dai da dokar ka’idojin jama’a, matuƙar dai wannan dokar ka’ida tana da ma’anar kundin tsarin mulki. Wasu muhimman shari’o’in da suka ambaci sashe na 39(2) sun haɗa da ''Carmichele v Minister of Safety and Security'', ''S v Thebus'', da ''S v Masiya'', tare da ''Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha'' a fannin dokar al’ada. A cikin ''Carmichele'', Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta jaddada cewa sashe na 39(2) yana ɗora wa kotuna wajibi gaba ɗaya wajen bunƙasa dokar al’ada idan an samu bukatar haka, komai ko wani bangare bai nemi hakan ba; a ''Thebus'', Alkalin Babban Kotun Tsarin Mulki Dikgang Moseneke ya bayyana cewa sashe na 39(2) yana bayar da izini da jagora na kundin tsarin mulki ga ikon kotu wajen sauya dokar al'ada domin ta dace da sauyin zamantakewa, halin ɗabi'a da tattalin arziki. Wannan ikon da kundin tsarin mulki ya bai wa kotuna yana da iyaka, domin ana bukatar a bunƙasa dokar al'ada da hankali a hankali da kuma bisa kowane lamari da ke gaban kotu. ==Manazarta== === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Case law === {{Reflist|group="lower-roman"|30em}} tdbk1982s6nv0v76nd8hxhhmt5o4wto 0 107485 839245 708448 2026-05-23T05:58:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Ernest McKibben''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1960) ɗan asalin Amurka ne, marubuci, kuma ɗan jarida wanda ya rubuta da yawa game da tasirin [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar yanayi]]. Shi ne Schumann Distinguished Scholar a Kwalejin Middlebury kuma shugaban ƙungiyar kamfen ɗin yanayi 350.org .<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Author and environmentalist Bill McKibben appointed Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College &#124; Middlebury |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045657/http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059 |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |access-date=2011-05-09 |publisher=Middlebury.edu}}</ref> Ya wallafa littattafai da yawa game da muhalli, ciki har da na farko, The End of Nature (1989), game da [[Canjin yanayi]], da Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out? (2019), game da yanayin kalubalen muhalli da ke fuskantar bil'adama da kuma abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba. A shekara ta 2009, ya jagoranci kungiyar 350.org ta zanga-zangar 5,200 a lokaci guda a kasashe 181. A cikin 2010, McKibben da 350.org sun ɗauki 10/10/10 Global Work Party, wanda ya tara abubuwan da suka faru sama da 7,000 a kasashe 188, kamar yadda ya fada babban taro a Kwalejin Warren Wilson jim kadan kafin taron. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, 350.org ta tsara aikin zane-zane na duniya, tare da yawancin ayyukan 20 da ake gani daga tauraron dan adam. A cikin 2011 da 2012 ya jagoranci kamfen ɗin muhalli game da aikin bututun mai na Keystone XL kuma ya kwashe kwanaki uku a kurkuku a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Makonni biyu bayan haka an shigar da shi cikin sashin wallafe-wallafen Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Gandhi Peace a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2013 |title=Bill McKibben 2013 Gandhi Peace Award Laureate |url=http://www.pepeace.org/2013gpa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927052127/http://www.pepeace.org/2013gpa |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |publisher=Promoting Enduring Peace. pepeace.org}}</ref> Mujallar Foreign Policy ta sanya shi a cikin jerin sunayen farko na manyan masu tunani na duniya 100 a cikin 2009 kuma MSN ta sanya shi daya daga cikin mutane goma sha biyu da suka fi tasiri a cikin 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN Lifestyle's Most Influential Men of 2009 |url=http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=22815182 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216210547/http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=22815182 |archive-date=December 16, 2009 |access-date=2011-05-09 |publisher=MSN}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, The Boston Globe ya kira shi "watakila babban mai kula da muhalli na kasar" kuma mai nazarin littafin mujallar Time Bryan Walsh ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi kyawun ɗan jarida mai kore a duniya". A shekara ta 2014, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award don "tabbatar da karuwar goyon baya a Amurka da kuma duniya baki daya don aiki mai karfi don magance barazanar canjin yanayi na duniya". An ambaci shi a matsayin mai yiwuwa Sakataren Cikin Gida ko Sakataren Makamashi na gaba idan aka zabi Shugaban kasa mai ci gaba. <ref name="rla">{{Cite web |title=Bill McKibben / 350.org (USA) |url=http://rightlivelihood.org/mckibben.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007094643/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/mckibben.html |archive-date=October 7, 2014 |access-date=2014-12-03 |website=Right Livelihood}}</ref><ref name="currentaffairs.org">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Aidan |date=10 April 2019 |title=What Would A Left Cabinet Look Like? |url=https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/2019/04/what-would-a-left-cabinet-look-like |access-date=24 March 2020 |website=Current Affairs}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bill McKibben a Palo Alto, California . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill McKibben |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/People/bill_mckibben.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404072223/http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/People/bill_mckibben.html |archive-date=April 4, 2005 |access-date=December 31, 2017 |publisher=Library.thinkquest.org}}</ref> Daga baya iyalinsa suka koma yankin Boston na Lexington, Massachusetts, inda ya halarci makarantar sakandare.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Mahaifinsa, wanda sau ɗaya, a cikin 1971, an kama shi yayin zanga-zangar goyon bayan tsoffin sojan Vietnam da ke adawa da yakin, ya rubuta wa Business Week, kafin ya zama editan kasuwanci a The Boston Globe, a cikin 1980.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} A matsayinta na dalibi a makarantar sakandare, McKibben ya rubuta wa jaridar gida kuma ya shiga gasar muhawara ta jihar.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Ya shiga Kwalejin Harvard a 1978, ya zama editan The ''Harvard Crimson'' kuma an zabe shi shugaban jaridar a shekara ta 1981. A shekara ta 1980, bayan zaben [[Ronald Reagan]], ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga yanayin muhalli.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1982, ya yi aiki na shekaru biyar ga The New Yorker a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata, yana rubuta yawancin shafi na Talk of the Town daga 1982 zuwa farkon 1987. Linjilar Matiyu ce ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, ya zama mai ba da shawara game da juriya ba tare da tashin hankali ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2016 |title=Time We Started Counting! |url=https://highprofiles.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/McKibben-interview.pdf |access-date=September 11, 2022 |website=High Profiles}}</ref> Yayinda yake yin labari game da marasa gida, ya zauna a kan tituna; a can, ya sadu da matarsa, Sue Halpern, wacce ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga marasa gida. A shekara ta 1987, McKibben ya bar The New Yorker bayan an tilasta editan William Shawn daga aikinsa.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Shi da iyalinsa jim kadan bayan sun koma wani wuri mai nisa a kudu maso gabashin Adirondacks na arewacin New York, inda ya fara aiki a matsayin marubuci mai zaman kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrie |first=Philip |date=May 2008 |title=The Bill McKibben Reader |url=https://www.adirondackexplorer.org/book_reviews/the-bill-mckibben-reader |access-date=February 6, 2017 |publisher=Adirondack Explorer}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == McKibben ya fara aikin rubuce-rubuce na kansa a kusan lokaci guda da canjin yanayi ya bayyana a kan ajanda na jama'a bayan bazara mai zafi da gobara na 1988 da kuma shaidar da James Hansen ya yi a gaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka kan Makamashi da albarkatun Halitta a watan Yunin wannan shekarar. Gudummawarsa ta farko ga muhawara ita ce taƙaitaccen jerin wallafe-wallafen kan batun da sharhi da aka buga a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1988 a cikin The New York Review of Books da tambaya, "Shin Duniya tana Getting Hotter?" {{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Ya zama kuma ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, gami da The New York Times, The Atlantic, ''Harper's'', ''Orion'', Mother Jones, The American Prospect, The New York Review of Books, ''Granta'', National Geographic, Rolling Stone, Adbusters, da Outside. Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga ''Grist'' . Littafinsa na farko, The End of Nature, an buga shi a cikin 1989 ta Random House bayan an tsara shi a cikin The New Yorker . Ray Murphy na ''Boston Globe'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai adalci," littafin ya ba da labari mai yawa, pro da con; ga mutane da yawa shine gabatarwa ta farko ga batun canjin yanayi; da kuma wahayi don rubuce-rubuce da bugawa da yawa daga wasu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nisbet |first=Matthew C. |date=March 2013 |title=Nature's Prophet: Bill McKibben as Journalist, Public Intellectual and Activist |url=https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/D-78-Nisbet1.pdf |access-date=March 8, 2013 |website=Discussion Paper Series #D-78 |publisher=Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, School of Communication and the Center for Social Media, American University |pages=30–33}}</ref> An buga shi a cikin harsuna sama da 20. An fitar da bugu da yawa a Amurka, gami da sabuntawa da aka buga a shekara ta 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The End of Nature |url=https://books.google.bj/books?id=q0aM5t5GMpsC&hl=en&lr=&num=20 |access-date=May 1, 2025 |publisher=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an buga The Age of Missing Information . Labari ne na gwaji wanda McKibben ya tattara duk abin da ya zo a fadin tashoshin 100 na talabijin na kebul a kan tsarin Fairfax, Virginia (a lokacin daga cikin mafi girma a kasar) na rana ɗaya. Ya shafe shekara guda yana kallon sa'o'i 2,400 na shirye-shirye, sannan ya kwatanta shi da rana da ya yi a saman dutsen kusa da gidansa. An yi amfani da wannan littafin sosai a kwalejoji da makarantun sakandare kuma an sake buga shi a cikin sabon bugu a shekara ta 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 1992 |title=The Age of Missing Information |url=https://www.ew.com/article/1992/05/01/age-missing-information |access-date=April 27, 2016 |website=Entertainment. ew.com |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119180736/https://www.ew.com/article/1992/05/01/age-missing-information |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huth |first=Tom |date=May 3, 1992 |title=Being There: ''The Age of Missing Information'', by Bill McKibben |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-03-bk-2023-story.html |access-date=April 27, 2016 |website=Los Angeles Times. latimes.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:Bill_McKibben_(24541793126).jpg|thumb|McKibben yana magana a wani taron yakin neman zabe na Bernie Sanders a Jami'ar Kudancin New Hampshire a watan Janairun 2016]] Littattafan da suka biyo baya sun haɗa da Hope, Human and Wild, game da [[Curitiba|Curitiba, Brazil]], da [[Kerala|Kerala, Indiya]], wanda ya ambaci a matsayin misalai na mutanen da ke rayuwa da sauƙi a duniya; The Comforting Whirlwind: Allah, Ayuba, da Scale of Creation, wanda ke game da Littafin Ayuba da muhalli; ''Wataƙila Ɗaya'', game da yawan mutane; Tsawon Tsakanin: Shekara na Rayuwa da Ƙarfi, game da shekara guda da horo don abubuwan da suka faru a matakin ƙwarewa; da ''Ya isa'', game da abin da yake gani a matsayin haɗarin da ke cikin injiniyan halitta da nanotechnology. Da yake magana game da Long Distance a Cambridge Forum, McKibben ya ambaci aikin Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi da ra'ayin Csikszentemihalyi na "ruwa" dangi ga yadda McKibben yake da shi - "sake hutu daga ceton duniya", ya yi ba'a - yayin da ya nutse kansa a gasar tseren kankara. Wandering Home game da tafiya mai tsawo ne daga gidansa a cikin duwatsu a gabashin Tafkin Champlain a Ripton, Vermont, ya koma unguwarsa ta dogon lokaci a Adirondacks. Littafinsa mai suna Deep Economy: the Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future, wanda aka buga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2007, ya kasance mafi kyawun littafi na kasa. Yana magance abin da ya gani a matsayin gazawar tattalin arzikin ci gaba kuma yana tunanin sauyawa zuwa kamfanoni na gida. A cikin kaka na shekara ta 2007, ya buga, tare da membobin ƙungiyarsa ta Step It Up, Fight Global Warming Now, littafin hannu ga masu gwagwarmaya da ke ƙoƙarin tsara al'ummominsu. A shekara ta 2008, ya zo The Bill McKibben Reader: Pieces from an Active Life, tarin rubutun da suka shafi aikinsa. Har ila yau, a cikin 2008, ya shirya wa Library of America tarihin, American Earth: Environmental Writing Since Thoreau . A shekara ta 2010, ya wallafa wani littafi mafi kyawun ƙasa, Eaarth: Yin Rayuwa a kan Tough New Planet, wani asusun da ya fara saurin canjin yanayi. An cire shi a cikin Scientific American . A cikin 2019, McKibben ya buga Falter: Shin Wasan Mutum ya fara wasa da kansa? , wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da karuwar damuwa game da [[Canjin yanayi]], yadda Koch Brothers ke ba da gudummawa ga karuwar hayakin carbon ta hanyar tallafawa Kamfanonin mai, da kuma damuwarsa game da 'yanci, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa siyasa ta Juyin Juya Halin Reagan ta haifar da shi. Sau da yawa yana jayayya cewa tsarin Nordic ya fi dacewa da tsarin jari-hujja, kuma cewa saurin kirkire-kirkire na iya cutar da bil'adama. A cikin 2022, ya wallafa littattafai biyu. We Are Better Together littafi ne na hoto ga yara da ke murna da ikon hadin kan mutane da kyawawan rayuwa a Duniya, wanda mai zane Stevie Lewis ya kwatanta. The Flag, the Cross, and the Station Wagon: A Graying American Looks Back at His Suburban Boyhood and Wonders What the Hell Happened wani abin tunawa ne na mutum wanda kuma ya tono cikin tarihin Amurka don yin tunani game da abin da ya kawo mu ga rikicin muhalli na yanzu. Wasu daga cikin ayyukan McKibben sun shahara sosai; <ref name="RS71912" /> wani labarin a cikin Rolling Stone a watan Yulin 2012 ya sami fiye da 125,000 likes a Facebook, 14,000 tweets, da kuma 5,000 comments.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}}{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} McKibben shi ne editan baƙo na fitowar 2024 na The Best American Science and Nature Writing anthology . == Kamfen na muhalli == [[Fayil:Bill_McKibben_at_RIT-3.jpg|thumb|McKibben yana magana a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rochester, Nuwamba 6, 2008]] === Ɗauki Shiga === Step It Up 2007 ya kasance kamfen ne na muhalli na kasa, wanda McKibben ya shirya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Amy |date=October 23, 2007 |title=Environmental Journalist Bill McKibben on the Links Between Global Warming & the California Wildfires |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2007/10/23/environmental_journalist_bill_mckibben_on_the |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref> don neman mataki kan dumamar duniya ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. A ƙarshen lokacin rani na shekara ta 2006 ya taimaka wajen jagorantar tafiya ta kwana biyar a fadin Vermont don yin kira ga aiki kan dumamar duniya. Da farko a watan Janairun 2007, ya kafa Step It Up 2007, wanda ya shirya tarurruka a daruruwan birane da garuruwan Amurka a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2007, don neman Majalisa ta kafa takunkumi kan hayakin hayaki da kashi 80 cikin dari nan da shekara ta 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |last=González |first=Juan |last2=Goodman |first2=Amy |date=April 13, 2007 |title=Step It Up: Thousands Gather This Weekend for Largest-Ever Rally Against Global Warming |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2007/4/13/step_it_up_thousands_gather_this |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓe nan da nan ya sami goyon baya mai yawa daga ƙungiyoyin muhalli, ɗalibai, da addinai iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grohsgal |first=Dov Weinryb |date=June 23, 2021 |title=Interview with Bill McKibben |url=https://obamaoralhistory.columbia.edu/interviews/bill-mckibben?time=727 |publisher=Obama Presidency Oral History}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2007, McKibben ya sanar da Mataki It Up 2, wanda zai faru a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2007. Baya ga taken 80% zuwa 2050 daga kamfen na farko, na biyu ya kara da "10% [ragewar hayaki] a cikin shekaru uku ("Hit the Ground Running"), dakatarwar sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki, da Green Jobs Corps don taimakawa gyara gidaje da kasuwanni don a iya cimma waɗannan manufofi" (wanda ake kira "Green Jobs Now, and No New Coal"). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Step It Up: Index |url=https://www.stepitup2007.org/#letter |website=www.stepitup2007.org}}</ref> === 350.org === Bayan nasarorin da Step It Up ya samu, wannan ƙungiyar ta sanar da sabon kamfen a watan Maris na shekara ta ₂ da ake kira 350.org. Ƙoƙarin shirya, wanda aka yi niyya ga dukan duniya, ya samo sunansa daga jayayya ta masanin kimiyyar yanayi 2" href="./James_E._Hansen" id="mwAWo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James E. Hansen">James E. Hansen a farkon wannan hunturu cewa duk wani taro na yanayi na [[carbon dioxide]] (CO2) sama da kashi 350 a kowace miliyan ba shi da aminci. "Idan bil'adama suna so su adana duniyar da ta yi kama da wacce wayewa ta bunkasa kuma wacce rayuwa a Duniya ta dace da ita, shaidar paleoclimate da canjin yanayi na ci gaba sun nuna cewa CO2 zai buƙaci a rage shi daga 385 ppm na yanzu zuwa a kalla 350 ppm, amma mai yiwuwa ƙasa da hakan. " Hansen et al. sun bayyana a cikin Abstract zuwa takarda. 350.org, wanda ke da ofisoshi da masu shirya taron a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Asiya, Afirka da Kudancin Amurka, sun yi ƙoƙari su yada wannan adadin 350 kafin taron yanayi na duniya a watan Disamba na 2009 a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]]. An rufe shi sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2009, ta tsara zanga-zangar sama da 5,200 a kasashe 181, kuma an yaba da ita sosai saboda amfani da kayan aikin intanet, tare da shafin yanar gizon Critical Mass yana bayyana cewa "ɗaya daga cikin misalai mafi karfi na inganta kafofin sada zumunta da duniya ta taba gani". Mujallar Foreign Policy ta kira shi "mafi girman taron da aka tsara a duniya na kowane nau'i". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-10-30 |title=350.org &#124; experience matters |url=http://experiencematters.criticalmass.com/tag/350-org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423111501/http://experiencematters.criticalmass.com/tag/350-org/ |archive-date=April 23, 2011 |access-date=2011-05-09 |publisher=Experiencematters.criticalmass.com}}</ref> Daga baya, kungiyar ta ci gaba da aikinta, tare da Jam'iyyar Ayyuka ta Duniya a ranar 10/10/10 (10 ga Oktoba 2010). Ya zuwa 2022, McKibben babban mai ba da shawara ne ga 350.0rg kuma May Boeve shine babban darakta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 350.org Team |url=https://350.org/team/ |website=350}}</ref> === Maɓallin XL === McKibben na ɗaya daga cikin masu kula da muhalli da ke adawa da shirin Kanada-U. S. Keystone XL pipeline project. === Tafiya ta Yanayi na Jama'a === [[Fayil:South_Bend_Voice_-_2014_People's_Climate_March_crowd_with_banner.jpg|thumb|Yanayin Jama'a Maris 2014]] A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2014, McKibben ya buga wata kasida a shafin yanar gizon mujallar Rolling Stone (daga baya ya bayyana a cikin mujallar ta buga ta Yuni 5), mai taken "A Call to Arms", wanda ya gayyaci masu karatu zuwa babban tafiyar yanayi (daga baya aka kira People's Climate March) a Birnin New York a karshen mako na Satumba 20-21, a matsayin wani ɓangare na People's Weather Movement. [bayanin 1] A cikin labarin, McKibben ya kira canjin yanayi "babban rikicin da wayewarmu ta taɓa fuskanta", kuma ya yi hasashen cewa tafiyar za ta zama "babban zanga-zangar da ta kasance ta ƙudurin ɗan adam a fuskar canjin yanayi".<ref name="McKibben" /> A ranar Lahadi, 5 ga Yuli, 2015, McKibben ya jagoranci irin wannan tafiya ta yanayi a Toronto, Ontario, tare da goyon bayan shahararrun mutane daban-daban. === Mataki na Uku === A watan Satumbar 2021, McKibben ya ƙaddamar da Dokar ta Uku, rukuni da kamfen don masu gwagwarmayar canjin yanayi masu shekaru 60 ko sama da haka, suna fatan yin amfani da lokacin 'yanci na yawan jama'a da kuma tara dukiya don matsin siyasa a kan gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cotton |first=Emma |date=2021-09-02 |title=Bill McKibben launches 'Third Act' to rally older Americans around climate change |url=http://vtdigger.org/2021/09/02/bill-mckibben-launches-third-act-to-rally-older-americans-around-climate-change/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=VTDigger |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Avenue |first=Next |date=2021-11-05 |title=How Environmentalist Bill McKibben Is Leading The 'Third Act' Climate Change Movement |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2021/11/05/how-environmentalist-bill-mckibben-is-leading-the-third-act-climate-change-movement/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Magoya bayan kamar Bernie Sanders da Jane Fonda sun inganta aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Jessica |date=2021-09-02 |title=Older Adults in Their 'Third Act' Launch New Effort to Save the Planet |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/09/02/older-adults-their-third-act-launch-new-effort-save-planet |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=www.commondreams.org |language=en}}</ref> === Siyasa ta zabe === A lokacin yakin neman zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2016, McKibben ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin siyasa na Sanata Bernie Sanders na Vermont. Sanders ya nada shi a kwamitin da ake tuhuma da rubuta dandalin Jam'iyyar Democrat na shekara ta 2016. Bayan da [[Hillary Clinton]] ta ci Sanders, McKibben ta goyi bayanta kuma ta yi magana a taron hadin gwiwa na farko a Portsmouth, New Hampshire . An ambaci shi a matsayin mai yuwuwar memba na majalisar ministoci na gaba idan Sanders ya lashe shugabancin.<ref name="currentaffairs.org"/> === Kalmomin da ke tattare da shi === A cikin 2020, McKibben ya gabatar da babban jawabi a 2020 Vision: Finding Hope in Climate Action . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-09 |title=Climate justice activist to keynote CEBE convergence |url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2021/03/09/climate-justice-activist-to-keynote-cebe-convergence/ |access-date=2021-03-09 |website=Lewiston Sun Journal}}</ref> A cikin 2016, McKibben ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa yana "a karkashin sa ido" ta hanyar "masu bin dama" waɗanda ke ɗaukar hoto, bi, da kuma tambaya game da shi da danginsa don neman lokuta na munafuncin muhalli. "Ana kallon ni", in ji shi. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya rubuta a cikin Times cewa yana karɓar Barazanar mutuwa tun daga shekarun 1990. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, tare da wasu manyan al'adu 42, McKibben ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya a karkashin jagorancin Jeremy Corbyn a Babban zaben 2019. Wasikar ta bayyana cewa "Manufar zaben ma'aikata a karkashin jagorancin Jeremy Corbyn tana ba da shirin canji wanda ke ba da fifiko ga bukatun mutane da duniya akan ribar masu zaman kansu da kuma bukatun 'yan kaɗan". == Rayuwa ta mutum == McKibben yana zaune a Ripton, Vermont, tare da matarsa, marubuciya Sue Halpern . An haifi ɗansu guda ɗaya, Sophie, a 1993 a Glens Falls, New York. Shi masanin kimiyya ne na Schumann a Kwalejin Middlebury, inda kuma yake jagorantar Middlebury Fellowships a Jaridar Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2010 |title=Author and environmentalist Bill McKibben appointed Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059 |website=middlebury.edu}}</ref> McKibben kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Post Carbon . Ya kasance Methodist na dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Q&A:Bill McKibben, UM writer/activist |url=http://www.umportal.org/article.asp?id=8583 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314111230/http://www.umportal.org/article.asp?id=8583 |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=December 24, 2015 |publisher=United Methodist Portal}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2013, an jera McKibben a cikin Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kimiyya ta Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advisory Council |url=https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810112828/https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |archive-date=2013-08-10 |access-date=2018-10-30 |website=ncse.com |publisher=[[National Center for Science Education]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * McKibben an ba shi kyautar Guggenheim Fellowship (1993) da Lyndhurst Fellowsship . * Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Lannan Literary Award don rubuce-rubuce a shekarar 2000. * A cikin 2010, mujallar Utne Reader ta lissafa McKibben a matsayin daya daga cikin "25 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World".<ref name="utne">{{Cite web |date=October 13, 2010 |title=Bill McKibben: Voice of Reason, Man of Action |url=http://www.utne.com/Politics/Utne-Reader-Visionaries-Bill-McKibben-350-Org.aspx |access-date=October 19, 2010 |publisher=[[Utne Reader]]}}</ref> * Yana da digiri na girmamawa daga Kwalejin Whittier (2010), Kwalejin Marlboro, Jami'ar Colgate, Jami'an Jihar New York, Kwalejin Sterling, Kwaleji ta Green Mountain, Kwalejin Unity, da Kwalejin Lebanon Valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Degrees {{!}} Whittier College |url=https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.whittier.edu}}</ref> * Ya lashe kyautar Puffin / Nation don Creative Citizenship a shekara ta 2010, saboda aikinsa tare da 350.org * McKibben ita ce mai karɓar girmamawa mafi girma na Sierra Club a cikin 2011, lambar yabo ta John Muir . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2015 |title=Volunteer Award Winners |url=http://www.sierraclub.org/awards/winners |access-date=February 6, 2017 |publisher=Sierra Club}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2012, ya lashe kyautar Sam Rose da Julie Walters don Gwagwarmayar Muhalli ta Duniya a Kwalejin Dickinson; karɓar kyautar, ya gaya wa ɗaliban Dickinson masu digiri cewa, ban da kasancewa babbar matsala a rayuwarsu, canjin yanayi na duniya shine babbar ƙalubale da ta taɓa fuskantar al'ummar ɗan adam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Getty |first=Matt |title=The Sam Rose '58 and Julie Walters Prize at Dickinson College for Global Environmental Activism |url=https://www.dickinson.edu/homepage/749/the_sam_rose_58_and_julie_walters_prize_at_dickinson_college_for_global_environmental_activism |website=www.dickinson.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pohlman |first=Pat |title=350.org Founder Bill McKibben Accepts Inaugural Environmental Prize |url=https://www.dickinson.edu/news/article/409/350_org_founder_bill_mckibben_accepts_inaugural_environmental_prize |website=www.dickinson.edu}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2013, ya lashe Kyautar Sophie Prize ta duniya da ci gaba. * McKibben da 350.org an ba su lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award a cikin 2014 don tattara karuwar goyon baya a Amurka da kuma duniya baki daya don aiki mai karfi don magance barazanar canjin yanayi na duniya. "<ref name="rla"/> * A cikin 2018, an ba McKibben lambar yabo ta John Steinbeck a Jami'ar Jihar San Jose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill McKIbben |url=http://www.steinbeckaward.com/awardees/bill-mckibben |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=The John Steinbeck Award |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/bill-mckibben Labaran Bill McKibben] a The New YorkerJaridar New Yorker * {{IMDb name|2647339}} * Appearancesa kanC-SPAN * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125123847/http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/climate-change/stories/eaarth-making-a-life-on-a-tough-new-planet Binciken 'Duniya: Yin Rayuwa a kan Sabon Duniyar'] Mayu 25, 2010 Cibiyar Halitta ta UwarCibiyar Yanayi ta Uwa * [https://science.time.com/2012/03/05/keystone-how-bill-mckibben-turned-a-pipeline-into-an-environmental-rallying-point/ Keystone: Yadda Bill McKibben ya juya bututun mai zuwa wani wuri na muhalli] Maris 5, 2012 * Yakin Bill McKibben da ke adawa da bututun mai na Keystone XL Fabrairu 28, 2013 BusinessWeekKasuwanciWeek * [https://thesingularityfilm.com/ "The Singularity", fim din da ke nuna McKibben] * "Focus; The End of Nature", Nuwamba 29, 1989, WILL Illinois Public Media, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH da Library of Congress), Boston, MA da Washington, DC [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ddrt63ukzhbl6wzosaz0daojv2b7l8l 0 109831 839267 686988 2026-05-23T07:38:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Blockstrom_Felsenmeer_Odenwald_2006.jpg|thumb|Felsenmeer a Lautertal-Reichenbach (Odenwald) ]] [[Fayil:Kalmit_Felsenmeer.jpg|thumb|Felsenmeer a kan Kalmit a cikin Dajin Palatine]] [[Fayil:Kaser_Steinstube.jpg|thumb|Kogin dutse na [[Kaser Steinstube]] kusa da Triftern]] [[Fayil:Eastern_White_Pine_In_Boulder_Field_PA.jpg|thumb|Hoton wani farin pine na gabas guda daya a cikin kusan filin Boulder, Hickory Run State Park, PA.]] [[Fayil:'Felsenmeer'_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-2654.jpeg|thumb|''Felsenmeer'', zane na Egbert Schaap (1912). Rijksmuseum Amsterdam]] A blockfield <ref name="Whittow">Whittow, John (1984). ''Dictionary of Physical Geography''. London: Penguin, 1984, pp. 66 and 190. {{ISBN|0-14-051094-X}}. </ref> (kuma spelt block field <ref name="Leser">Leser, Hartmut, ed. (2005). ''Wörterbuch Allgemeine Geographie'', 13th ed., dtv, Munich, pp. 107 and 221. {{ISBN|978-3-423-03422-7}}. </ref>), '''felsenmeer''', <ref name="Whittow" /> '''Filin dutse''' <ref name="Leser" /> ko '''Filin dutse''' wani wuri ne da dutse- ko dutse-girman dutse yawanci yana da alaƙa da tarihin aikin dutse, yanayin alpine da subpolar da periglaciation. Blockfields sun bambanta da screes da talus gangara a cikin wannan blockfields ba su da asali daga lalacewar taro. An yi imanin cewa an kafa su ne ta hanyar sanyi a ƙasa.<ref name="Goodnot" /> Wani madadin ka'idar cewa wuraren da ke cikin zamani na iya samo asali ne daga yanayin sinadarai wanda ya faru a cikin Neogene lokacin da yanayin ya fi zafi. Biye da wannan tunanin za a sake yin aiki da wuraren ta hanyar aikin periglacial. <ref name="Goodnot">{{Cite journal |last=Goodfellow |first=B.W. |last2=Stroeven |first2=A.P. |last3=Fabel |first3=D. |last4=Fredin |first4=O. |last5=M.-H. |first5=Derron |last6=Bintnja |first6=R. |last7=Caffee |first7=M.W. |date=2014 |title=Arctic–alpine blockfields in the northern Swedish Scandes: late Quaternary – not Neogene |url=http://www.earth-surf-dynam.net/2/383/2014/ |journal=Earth Surface Dynamics |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=383–401 |bibcode=2014ESuD....2..383G |doi=10.5194/esurf-2-383-2014 |access-date=11 July 2016 |doi-access=free |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402084422/https://www.earth-surf-dynam.net/2/383/2014/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boelhouwers |first=Jan |date=2004 |title=New Perspectives on Autochthonous Blockfield Development |journal=[[Polar Geography]] |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=133–146 |doi=10.1080/789610122 |s2cid=129295656}}</ref> Yawancin sanannun wuraren da aka sani suna cikin arewacin arewa. Ana iya samun misalai a cikin Abisko National Park a Sweden, Snowdonia National Park a Wales, Great End-Scafell Pike ridge a [[Ingila]], da Hickory Run Boulder Field da River of Rocks a cikin Dutsen Appalachian na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Dukkanin misalai sai dai na farko suna waje da yankunan yanayi na yanzu, kuma saboda haka an ga su a al'ada a matsayin siffofi na asali daga lokutan da suka gabata lokacin da waɗannan yankuna ke ƙarƙashin periglaciation. Kalmar "felsenmeer" ta fito ne daga ma'anar Jamusanci "teku na dutse". A cikin felsenmeer ko blockfield, sanyi-thaw yanayi ya karya saman dutsen, yana rufe tsarin dutse na ƙasa tare da jagged, duwatsu masu kusurwa. Rashin sanyi ko sanyi yana faruwa ne lokacin da ruwan da aka kama tare da microcracks a cikin dutse ya fadada kuma kwangila saboda sauye-sauye a cikin zafin jiki sama da ƙasa da yanayin daskarewa. An kafa Felsenmeers ''a wurin'', ma'ana cewa ba a jigilar su a lokacin ko bayan halittar su. == Halaye == Felsenmeers kawai suna haɗuwa a kan gangaren 25 ° ko ƙasa. Wani kusurwa mai tsawo yana haifar da jigilar tubalan saboda nauyi. Wannan yana haifar da gangaren tudun, maimakon felsenmeer. Za'a iya ganin rarrabawar ƙuƙwalwa tare da haɗin dutse a wasu lokuta a saman felsenmeers. === Bayani === Rashin zurfin filin dutse ya dogara da kusurwar gangara, nau'ikan dutse, shekaru, da tarihin rushewa. Koyaya, matsakaicin matsakaici don zurfin felsenmeer kusan 1 m. Ballantyne (1998) ya bayyana nau'ikan bayanan felsenmeer guda uku: Nau'in 1 ya ƙunshi duwatsu da ke rufe matrix na tarar a wasu zurfin ƙasa da farfajiya. Nau'in 2 ya ƙunshi duwatsu da ke goyan bayan matrix mai yashi wanda ba shi da haɗin kai wanda ke ci gaba daga farfajiya zuwa ƙasa ta hanyar bayanin martaba. Nau'in 3 kuma ya ƙunshi duwatsu da ke goyan bayan matrix, amma ya bambanta da nau'in 2 saboda matrix ya ƙunshi yashi da / ko yumɓu maimakon yashi.&nbsp; == Abubuwan da suka faru == Saboda bukatun gangara galibi ana samun su a kan tsaunuka. Basalt da duwatsu masu laushi sau da yawa suna samar da mafi girma, mafi yawan felsenmeers fiye da sauran nau'ikan dutse. Blockfields galibi ana samun su a cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo a kusa da Arctic Circle, musamman a [[Ayislan|Iceland]], Canadian arctic da [[Norway]] kuma har yanzu suna aiki a wasu sassan Tsakiyar Turai waɗanda ba a rufe su da [[Kanada]] ba.<ref name="Leser">Leser, Hartmut, ed. (2005). ''Wörterbuch Allgemeine Geographie'', 13th ed., dtv, Munich, pp. 107 and 221. {{ISBN|978-3-423-03422-7}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-423-03422-7|978-3-423-03422-7]]. </ref> A cikin Kudancin Kudancin Hemisphere ana iya samun wuraren da ba su da aiki a cikin Lesotho Highlands, da kuma Tsibirin Prince Edward.<ref name="Sumner2004">{{Cite journal |date=2004 |title=Geomorphic and climatic implications of relict openwork block accumulations near Thabana-Ntlenyana, Lesotho |journal=[[Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography]] |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=289–302 |doi=10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00232.x |s2cid=128774864}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boelhouwers |first=Jan |last2=Holness |first2=Steve |last3=Sumner |first3=Paul |date=2003 |title=The maritime Subantarctic: a distinct periglacial environment |journal=[[Geomorphology (journal)|Geomorphology]] |publisher=Elsevier |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=39–55 |bibcode=2003Geomo..52...39B |doi=10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00247-7}}</ref> == Shekaru == Felsenmeers, yawanci, ƙananan siffofin geomorphological ne. Yawancin felsenmeers sun samo asali ne a lokacin ko tun lokacin kankara na ƙarshe (kimanin shekaru 20,000 da suka gabata). Sauran na iya zama siffofi na pre-glacial waɗanda suka tsira daga glaciation a ƙarƙashin glaciers masu sanyi. Za'a iya ƙayyade takamaiman shekarunsu ta amfani da kwanan wata, dabarar da ke aiki mafi kyau a kan kayan da aka fallasa ga hasken sararin samaniya tare da ɗan tsangwama daga bishiyoyi ko ƙasa. == Manazarta == dn5fqj2mo5gnndslgx5rnp3l2auk85x 0 111626 839153 756919 2026-05-22T21:19:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Babban Ruwan ruwa na 1913 ya faru ne tsakanin Maris 23 da Maris 26, bayan manyan koguna a tsakiya da gabashin Amurka sun ambaliya daga [[Kwararar ruwa|runoff]] da kwanaki da yawa na ruwan sama mai tsanani. Mutuwa da lalacewa da suka danganci a Amurka sun yadu kuma sun yi yawa. Duk da yake ainihin adadin ba tabbatacce ba ne, an kiyasta mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da ambaliyar ruwa a [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], [[Indiana|Indiya]], da wasu jihohi goma sha ɗaya a 650. Adadin mutanen da suka mutu a Ohio ya fadi tsakanin 422 da 470. Kimanin mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da ambaliyar ruwa a Indiana ya kasance daga 100 zuwa 200. Fiye da mutane miliyan huɗu sun rasa gidaje. Adadin wadanda suka mutu daga ambaliyar ruwa ta 1913 ya sanya shi na biyu ga Ambaliyar ruwa na Johnstown na 1889 a matsayin daya daga cikin ambaliyar da ta fi kisa a Amurka. Ambaliyar ta kasance babbar bala'in yanayi a Ohio. A Tsakiyar Yammacin Amurka, kimantawar lalacewar ta wuce kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dala biliyan. Lalacewar daga Babban Ambaliyar Dayton a Dayton, Ohio, ya wuce dala miliyan 73. An kiyasta lalacewar Indiana a dala miliyan 25 (a cikin dala na 1913). Ƙarin kudu, tare da [[Mississippi (kogi)|Kogin Mississippi]], lalacewar ta wuce dala miliyan 200. Rushewa daga ambaliyar ruwa ta 1913 da kuma ambaliyar da ta biyo baya tare da Kogin Mississippi a ƙarshe ta canza kulawar ƙasar na hanyoyin ruwa kuma ta kara tallafin tarayya don rigakafin ambaliyar ƙasa da kudade don ayyukan kula da ambaliyar. Dokar Tsaro ta Ohio, wacce gwamnan Ohio ya sanya hannu a shekara ta 1914, ta zama abin koyi ga wasu jihohi da za su bi. Dokar ta ba da izinin kafa gundumomi masu kiyayewa tare da ikon aiwatar da ayyukan kula da ambaliyar ruwa. Tsarin guguwa wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar a ƙarshen Maris 1913 ya fara ne da tsarin guguwar hunturu na yau da kullun, amma ya haɓaka halaye waɗanda suka inganta ruwan sama mai yawa. Iska mai karfi ta Kanada ta dakatar da tsarin matsin lamba daga [[Bermuda]] kuma ta jinkirta kwararar gabas ta yau da kullun na tsarin matsin hankali. A halin yanzu, iska mai laushi daga Tekun Mexico ya koma cikin Midwestern Amurka ta hanyar kwarin Kogin Mississippi a matsayin tsarin matsin lamba na biyu na Kanada ya zo daga yamma, yana haifar da matsin lamba wanda ya shimfiɗa daga kudancin [[Illinois]], a fadin tsakiyar Indiana, da arewacin Ohio. Akalla tsarin matsin lamba guda biyu da ke motsawa tare da ramin ya haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin kwanaki huɗu tsakanin Maris 23 da Maris 26. Yayin da guguwar ta sami ƙarfi a ranar Lahadi, 23 ga Maris, iska mai ƙarfi, ƙanƙara, da guguwa sun isa Great Plains, Kudancin Amurka, da Midwestern Amurka. Manyan guguwa sun mamaye Omaha, Nebraska; Lone Peach, Arkansas; da Terre Haute, Indiana. A ranar Litinin da Talata, Maris 24 da 25, 3 zuwa 8 inci (76 zuwa 203 ruwan sama ya fadi a Ohio, Indiana, da kudancin Illinois. Manyan koguna a Indiana da Ohio sun sami babban ruwa. Downstream, inda [[Kogin Ohio]] ya shiga Kogin Mississippi, matakin ruwa ya karya rikodin rikodin zuwa wannan lokacin yayin da ruwa ke gudana kudu zuwa Tekun Mexico. A ranar Talata, 25 ga Maris, Kogin Ohio da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi sun mamaye birane kamar Indianapolis, Indiana, da Cincinnati, Youngstown, da [[Columbus|Columbus, Ohio]]. Dayton, Ohio, ya kasance mai wahala sosai. A ranar Laraba, 26 ga Maris, guguwar ta koma gabas zuwa [[Pennsylvania]] da New York, yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa ya ci gaba a kwarin Kogin Ohio. Ruwan sama mafi girma, 6 zuwa 9 inci (150 zuwa 230 ko fiye, ya rufe wani yanki daga kudancin Illinois zuwa arewa maso yammacin Pennsylvania. Yayin da guguwar ta ci gaba zuwa gabas, ambaliyar ruwa ta fara a New York, [[Massachusetts]], [[Vermont]], da [[Virginia]]. Kogin Potomac ya mamaye bakin kogin a [[Maryland]]. == Yankunan da abin ya shafa == The storms that created the floods in 1913 continued over several days and produced record-breaking rain. It remains Ohio's "largest weather disaster"<ref name="Rivers">{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=The Rivers |url=http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/1913Flood/storms_wx/rivers.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803183905/http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/1913Flood/storms_wx/rivers.shtml |archive-date=3 August 2013 |access-date=19 September 2013 |website=The Great Flood of 1913, 100 Years Later |publisher=Silver Jackets}}</ref> and triggered Indiana's worst flood on record.<ref name="RetroIndy">{{Cite journal |date=22 March 2013 |title=RetroIndy: The Great Flood of 1913 |url=http://www.indystar.com/article/20130322/NEWS06/303190109/RetroIndy-great-flood-1913 |journal=Indianapolis Star |location=Indianapolis, Indiana |access-date=23 September 2013}}</ref> Storm-related flooding affected more than a dozen states: [[Alabama]], [[Arkansas (jiha)|Arkansas]], [[Connecticut]], [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Louisiana]], [[Maryland]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]], [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]], [[New Hampshire]], [[New Jersey]], [[New York (jiha)|New York]], [[North Carolina]], [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Tennessee]], [[Vermont]], and [[Virginia]]. The same weather system caused major tornadoes in the Great Plains, the South, and the Midwest, most notably in Omaha, Nebraska; Lone Peach, Arkansas; and Terre Haute, Indiana.<ref name="Rivers" /><ref name="Epidemic">{{Cite web |last=Trudy E. Bell |date=16 November 2012 |title='An Epidemic of Disasters' |url=http://nationalcalamityeaster1913flood.blogspot.com/2012/11/an-epidemic-of-disasters.html |access-date=19 September 2013 |website='Our National Calamity': The Great Easter 1913 Flood |format=blog}}</ref><ref name="Gustin">{{Cite web |last=Andrew Gustin |title=Flooding in Indiana: Not 'If', but 'When' |url=http://igs.indiana.edu/Hazards/Flooding.cfm |access-date=2013-07-03 |publisher=Indiana Geological Survey }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="LaterPDF">{{Cite web |title=The Great Ohio Valley Flood of 1913 – 100 Years Later |url=http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/1913Flood/awareness/materials/TalkingPoints1913.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113154219/http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/1913Flood/awareness/materials/TalkingPoints1913.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2013 |access-date=3 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Klein">{{Cite web |last=Christopher Klein |date=2013-03-25 |title=The Superstorm That Flooded America 100 Years Ago |url=http://www.history.com/news/the-superstorm-that-flooded-america-100-years-ago |access-date=2013-07-03 |publisher=History}}</ref> === Dayton, Ohio === [[Fayil:Ludlow_Street_-_North_-_Dayton_Ohio_great_flood_of_1913.jpg|thumb|Ludlow Street a Dayton, Ohio]] Tsakanin Maris da 25, ruwan sama mai yawa da ruwan da ke tashi daga [[Great Miami River|Babban Kogin Miami]] ya fashe a gefen kudancin [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] kuma ya ambaliya {{Convert|14|sqmi}} ) na birnin. Hanyoyin da ke cikin gari na Dayton sun sami ruwa mai zurfi {{Convert|10|ft}} .<ref name="OHS2">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=March 23–27, 1913: Statewide Flood |url=http://ww2.ohiohistory.org/etcetera/exhibits/swio/pages/content/1913_flood.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731075715/http://ww2.ohiohistory.org/etcetera/exhibits/swio/pages/content/1913_flood.htm |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=23 September 2013 |publisher=Ohio Historical Society}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Maris, yayin da ambaliyar ta kai ga iyakarsu, gundumar kasuwanci ta Dayton ta sami ƙarin lalacewa bayan gobara da fashewar iskar gas.<ref name="Rogers2">{{Cite web |last=J. David Rogers |title=The 1913 Dayton Flood and the Birth of Modern Flood Control Engineering in the United States |url=http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge301/dayton%20flood-updated.pdf |access-date=23 September 2013 |publisher=University of Missouri-Rolla |archive-date=13 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113154915/http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/umrcourses/ge301/dayton%20flood-updated.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kiyasta mutane 123 ne suka mutu a Dayton. Downstream a kusa da [[Hamilton, Ohio]], kimanin mutane 100 sun mutu bayan ruwa mai zurfi 10 zuwa 18 feet (3.0 zuwa 5.5 ya gudana cikin unguwanni.<ref name="OHS">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=March 23–27, 1913: Statewide Flood |url=http://ww2.ohiohistory.org/etcetera/exhibits/swio/pages/content/1913_flood.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731075715/http://ww2.ohiohistory.org/etcetera/exhibits/swio/pages/content/1913_flood.htm |archive-date=31 July 2013 |access-date=23 September 2013 |publisher=Ohio Historical Society}}</ref> == Manazarta == mr39qgwxz5jj7hobh5xk04g6z5uz748 0 114402 839205 702172 2026-05-22T23:54:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839205 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox hrecipe adr" |+ class="infobox-title fn" id="4" |<span>Banmiyan</span> |- class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="699" data-file-type="bitmap" data-file-width="801" decoding="async" height="218" resource="./File:Ban_mian.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ban_mian.jpg/250px-Ban_mian.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ban_mian.jpg/500px-Ban_mian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ban_mian.jpg/500px-Ban_mian.jpg 2x" width="250" | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Ban_mian.jpg|250x250px]]<div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Banmian in [[Singapore]] .</div> |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;" | Hakika | class="infobox-data" | Babban |- class="note" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;" | Yanki ko jiha | class="infobox-data region" | Yankunan masu magana da [[Hokkien|harshen Hokkien]] (misali [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]] ) |- class="mw-file-description" href="./File:Commons-logo.svg" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;" | Babban sinadaran | class="infobox-data ingredient" | Noodles na kwai, kayan lambu, anchovy, kifi/nama, miya/bushe |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;" | |} {{Infobox food|name=Mian Fen Guo|image=|caption=Roll the dough flat, then hand tear to make "Mian Fen Guo"}}  Banmian (a cikin Sinanci na gargajiya) ko pan mee (a Min Nan Chinese) sanannen abinci ne na kasar Sin, wanda ake yi da noodles (taliya) da aka yi da hannu, ana so a dafa su a cikin miya.   Wasu daga cikin nau’ikan noodles na hannu sun hada da:   - *Youmian* – nau’in taliya mai kama da banmian amma mai siririn zagaye;   - *Mee hoon kueh* – nau’in taliya da aka sare su da hannu zuwa sifar siraran rectangular (murabba’ai ko tsagin fata).   Wannan abincin ana yawan amfani da shi a wuraren da Sinawa ke zaune, musamman a yankunan kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Sunan ''banmian'' ( allo/block noodle) ya fito ne daga hanyar Hakka na yankan noodle zuwa madaidaiciya madaidaiciya ta amfani da shingen katako a matsayin mai mulki. A cikin Hak, wasu na iya kiran shi Man-Foon-Char-Guo ({{Lang|zh-hant|麵粉茶粿}} ) ko Dao-Ma-Chet ({{Lang|zh-hant|刀嬤切}}). A cikin Hokkien, ana kiranta ''Mee-Hoon-Kueh'' (麵粉粿; lit. "abin ciye-ciyen alkama") amma abin da ake iya samu a rumfunan shaho ana kiransa ''banmian'' . Salon na yanzu shine gauraya tsakanin hanyoyin gargajiya na Hakka da Hokkien. Da farko Hakka ya yi naman gwangwani ta hanyar aske guntun kullu, wanda aka saba yi da gari (wani lokaci ana ƙara kwai don ƙarin dandano), yayin da Hokkien zai mirgine kullu a cikin wani babban yanki mai lebur wanda za a tsage da hannu zuwa gadaje masu girman cizo. A al'adance, ana yin kullu da hannu kuma a yayyage shi cikin ƙananan kullu (kimanin 2).&nbsp;inci). Hakanan za'a iya murɗa kullu ta hanyar amfani da injin zuwa nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, siffar da aka fi sani da ita shine lebur na noodle. Banmian abinci ne na dafa abinci wanda ya shahara a China, Malaysia, Singapore da Taiwan. Ya ƙunshi noodles ɗin kwai da ake yi a cikin miya mai ɗanɗano, sau da yawa tare da wani nau'in nama ko kifi, kayan lambu da kayan yaji iri-iri. Busassun anchovies, niƙaƙƙen naman alade, namomin kaza, da kayan lambu masu ganya kamar ganyen [[Dankali|dankalin turawa mai zaki]] ko sayur manis ( ''sauropus androgynus'' ) suma abubuwa ne masu yuwuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beh, Amy |date=June 20, 2003 |title=Pan Mein (Flat Flour Noodle Soup) |url=http://kuali.com/recipes/viewrecipe.asp?r=1538 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201222433/http://kuali.com/recipes/viewrecipe.asp?r=1538 |archive-date=February 1, 2010 |website=The Star Online - Kuali}} .</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Quek |first=Rina Yu Chin |last2=Goh |first2=Hui Jen |last3=Henry |first3=Christiani Jeyakumar |date=March 2019 |title=Energy density of ethnic cuisines in Singaporean hawker centres: a comparative study of Chinese, Malay and Indian foods |url=https://nutriweb.org.my/mjn/publication/25-1/25-1.pdf |journal=Malaysian Journal of Nutrition |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=171–184 |doi=((10.31246/mjn-2018-0113.)) |access-date=February 29, 2024 |archive-date=February 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228231603/https://nutriweb.org.my/mjn/publication/25-1/25-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana ɗaukar abincin ɗaya daga cikin zaɓin abinci mafi koshin lafiya kuma ana iya samun shi don siyarwa ta gidajen abinci, masu siyar da titi da wuraren abinci a yankin. Tushen dukan abincin shine miya, don haka akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin kayan abinci, hannun jari da sifofin noodle. A lokuta da yawa, miya da aka gama ana toshe shi da kwai da aka dafa a cikin ruwan zafi sama da noodles. Sigar al'ada ta banmian suna amfani da noodles ɗin kwai waɗanda kawai gauraya kwai, gari, ruwa da gishiri waɗanda aka kwaɗe sannan a zama noodles. Koyaya, banmian na zamani ana yin su ne ta hanyar yin amfani da mai yin taliya wanda ke yanke noodles mai girma dabam. Tushen miya na iya zama ruwa, amma yawanci nau'in kifi ne . Ana iya amfani da kayan kifin na yau da kullun, amma kayan anchovy zabi ne na kowa. Ana iya saka nau’o’in sinadarai iri-iri, irin su albasa, tafarnuwa, ginger, da man wake, suma za a iya saka su a cikin kayan domin a samu karin dandano, duk da cewa wasu shirye-shirye na da saukin da ba a amfani da su sai ganyaye. A Malesiya, busassun noodles da miya ana ba da su daban. Dry chilli pan mee bambancen ne wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2017 |title=Food Review: Chilli Pan Mee @ Restoran Kin Kin, Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur |url=https://funntaste.com/dry-chilli-pan-mee-restoran-kin-kin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930062558/https://funntaste.com/dry-chilli-pan-mee-restoran-kin-kin/ |archive-date=30 September 2020 |access-date=13 August 2020}}</ref> kuma ya shahara sosai a cikin Klang Valley. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2019 |title=Here is where you can find the best chilli pan mee in KL |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/food-drink/dining/here-is-where-you-can-find-the-best-chilli-pan-mee-in-kl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627131645/https://www.lifestyleasia.com/kl/food-drink/dining/here-is-where-you-can-find-the-best-chilli-pan-mee-in-kl/ |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=13 August 2020}}</ref> Wannan busassun naman alade ana hada shi da nikakken naman alade, soyayyiyar albasa, anchovies, sannan a kwaba shi da kwai da aka yanka daga baya sai a juye a cikin noodles. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shi da busassun chilli ko sambal . Sinadaran gama gari guda biyu waɗanda galibi ana samun su a cikin nau'ikan banmian daban-daban sune namomin kaza da anchovies. Madaidaicin nau'in kowanne na iya bambanta, amma ana ƙara su gabaɗaya zuwa tushen hannun jari. Za a iya bushe namomin kaza kuma a sake sake su a cikin broth, yayin da anchovies za a iya soya su har sai sun yi laushi sannan a yi amfani da su a saman miya. Hakanan za'a iya ƙara anchovies a cikin kayan abinci don dandano kuma a bar shi ya rushe yayin da yake dafa abinci. Da zarar an gama haja na tushe, kusan komai za a iya ƙara don kammala banmian. Wannan ya hada da kayan lambu kamar koren albasa, alayyahu, kabeji da bamboo. Ana ƙara wasu vinegar, lokaci-lokaci tare da sukari, don daidaita dandano. Gidan cin abinci na iya ba da niƙaƙƙen naman alade da aka soya ko ɓangarorin fararen kifin don yin aiki azaman ƙari mai wadatar furotin ga miya. A karshe ana fasa kwai a cikin romon mai zafi sannan a bar shi ya dahu har sai farar ya dahu, sai kwai ya dumi. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8h76t3d4mv1binidzp80nvcun9a1koy 0 115530 839301 722625 2026-05-23T10:04:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Brotherhood and Unity in Politics (Dutch: Broederschap en Eenheid in de Politiek, '''BEP''') Jam'iyyar siyasa ce a [[Suriname]] da aka kafa a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 1973. == Tarihi == It was originally founded as the '''Bush Negro Unity Party''' (Dutch: Bosnegers Eenheid Partij) to represent the [[Maroons|Maroon]] community in interior areas of the country and was renamed in 1987. It turned its focus away from the promotion of a specific ethnicity's interests, although it still enjoys popularity among the Maroon community. A cikin 2018, an zabi {{Interlanguage link|Ronny Asabina|nl}} [nl] a matsayin Shugaban jam'iyyar. A cikin [[2020 Surinamese general election|Zaben 2020]], BEP ta lashe kujeru 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2020 |title=Openbare zitting CHS: Geen verandering DNA-zetels |url=https://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/59172 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617135222/https://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/59172 |archive-date=2020-06-17 |access-date=17 June 2020 |website=StarNieuws |language=nl}}</ref> Ya yi takara a cikin gundumomi 6 kawai, kuma bai yi takara ba a [[Nickerie District|Nickerie]], Commewijne, [[Coronie District|Coronie]] da [[Saramacca District|Saramacca]]. BEP ba wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwar 2020 ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Santokhi president en Brunswijk DNA-voorzitter |url=https://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/58878 |access-date=30 May 2020 |website=Star Nieuws |language=nl}}</ref>Jam'iyyar ba ta shiga ciki zaben 1987, saboda Yakin Cikin Gida na Suriname ya sa ya zama da wahala a sami damar shiga cikin membobinsu a cikin ciki. A zaben majalisar dokoki na shekara ta 2005, jam'iyyar ta kasance wani ɓangare na "A-Combination", wata kawance da ta lashe kashi 7.5% na kuri'un da aka kada da kuma biyar daga cikin kujeru 51 a Majalisar Dokoki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Suriname General Election Results - 25 May 2005 |url=http://www.caribbeanelections.com/sr/elections/sr_results_2005.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601014044/http://www.caribbeanelections.com/sr/elections/sr_results_2005.asp |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=8 November 2020 |website=Caribbean Elections}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2012, akwai gwagwarmaya ta ciki a cikin jam'iyyar. Jam'iyyar ta kasance wani ɓangare na A-Combination, ƙungiyar dukkan jam'iyyun [[Maroons|Maroon]], amma suna so su bar kawancen, duk da haka mataimakan Diana Pokie da Waldie Adjaiso sun yi adawa da shawarar da ta haifar da rabuwa a cikin jam'iyyar. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, BEP ta ki tallafawa [[Dési Bouterse|Desi Bouterse]]">Dokar Amnesty wacce za ta ba wa wadanda ake zargi a cikin kisan kiyashi na Disamba, gami da Dési Bouterse, kariya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amnesty law change may end current trial |url=https://ua.amnesty.ch/urgent-actions/2012/04/098-12?ua_language=en |access-date=8 November 2020 |website=Amnesty International |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801115930/https://ua.amnesty.ch/urgent-actions/2012/04/098-12?ua_language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, Bouterse ya kori ministocin biyu na BEP. A cikin 2018, an zabi {{Interlanguage link|Ronny Asabina|nl}} [nl] a matsayin Shugaban jam'iyyar. A cikin [[2020 Surinamese general election|Zaben 2020]], BEP ta lashe kujeru 2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2020 |title=Openbare zitting CHS: Geen verandering DNA-zetels |url=https://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/59172 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617135222/https://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/59172 |archive-date=2020-06-17 |access-date=17 June 2020 |website=StarNieuws |language=nl}}</ref> Ya yi takara a cikin gundumomi 6 kawai, kuma bai yi takara ba a [[Nickerie District|Nickerie]], Commewijne, [[Coronie District|Coronie]] da [[Saramacca District|Saramacca]]. BEP ba wani bangare ne na hadin gwiwar 2020 ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: Santokhi president en Brunswijk DNA-voorzitter |url=https://www.starnieuws.com/index.php/welcome/index/nieuwsitem/58878 |access-date=30 May 2020 |website=Star Nieuws |language=nl}}</ref> == Sakamakon zabe == == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.facebook.com/Bepcommunicatie-Politiek-105676487726205/ Shafin Facebook na hukuma] (a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland) {{Surinamese political parties}} 4efhfpyc1wpp5d5a37re405u6sgvr06 0 115687 839256 710978 2026-05-23T06:38:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bioliteracy''' shine ikon fahimtar da shiga cikin [[Biology|batutuwan halittu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bioliteracy for the Age of Biology |url=https://www.biotech.senate.gov/press-releases/bioliteracy-for-the-age-of-biology/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Biotech |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Building a Bioliterate Future, One Organism at a Time |url=https://www.coa.edu/live/news/1639-building-a-bioliterate-future-one-organism-at-a |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.coa.edu |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725155558/https://www.coa.edu/live/news/1639-building-a-bioliterate-future-one-organism-at-a |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana amfani da manufar musamman a cikin mahallin biotechnology da biodiversity.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title=Stanford professors promote bio-literacy through digital education {{!}} Digital Education |url=https://digitaleducation.stanford.edu/news/stanford-professors-promote-bio-literacy-through-digital-education |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=digitaleducation.stanford.edu |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119063650/https://digitaleducation.stanford.edu/news/stanford-professors-promote-bio-literacy-through-digital-education |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Colleen |last2=Sullivan |first2=Jon |last3=O’Donnell |first3=Kelly |date=2021-12-01 |title=Cultivating Bioliteracy, Biodiscovery, Data Literacy, and Ecological Monitoring in Undergraduate Courses with iNaturalist |journal=Citizen Science: Theory and Practice |language=en-US |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=26 |doi=10.5334/cstp.439 |issn=2057-4991 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == A cikin yanayin biotechnology, ana ɗaukar bioliteracy da mahimmanci don inganta masana'antar biotechnology da ci gaban samfuran injiniyan halittu.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title=Stanford professors promote bio-literacy through digital education {{!}} Digital Education |url=https://digitaleducation.stanford.edu/news/stanford-professors-promote-bio-literacy-through-digital-education |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=digitaleducation.stanford.edu |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An kuma bayyana shi a matsayin "ma'anar shigar da mutane, ma'aikata, ko ƙungiyoyi tare da fahimta da ta'aziyya tare da ilmin halitta da biotechnology. " Amfani a cikin mahallin bambancin halittu ya ɗan bambanta, yana mai da hankali kan inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da kwayoyin halitta daban-daban tare da burin [[Ilimin halittu na kiyayewa|kiyayewa]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2023 |title=National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology Interim Report |url=https://www.biotech.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NSCEB-December-2023-Interim-Report.pdf}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Hitchcock |first=Colleen |last2=Sullivan |first2=Jon |last3=O’Donnell |first3=Kelly |date=2021-12-01 |title=Cultivating Bioliteracy, Biodiscovery, Data Literacy, and Ecological Monitoring in Undergraduate Courses with iNaturalist |journal=Citizen Science: Theory and Practice |language=en-US |volume=6 |issue=1 |page=26 |doi=10.5334/cstp.439 |issn=2057-4991 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Medina - Sandoval |first=Waldy |last2=Gutiérrez- Ruiz |first2=Ana Gabriela |date=2014-08-01 |title=Bioalfabetizando mediante experiencias en una biblioteca natural |url=https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2215-24582014000200006&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=es |journal=InterSedes |language=es |volume=15 |issue=31 |pages=69–85 |issn=2215-2458}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen Kimiyya ta ɗan ƙasa, kamar iNaturalist, ana ɗaukar su hanyoyin da suka dace don haɓaka bioliteracy, yana sa ɗalibai su shiga tare da lura da yanayi kai tsaye.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Callaghan |first=Corey T. |last2=Ozeroff |first2=Ian |last3=Hitchcock |first3=Colleen |last4=Chandler |first4=Mark |date=2020-11-01 |title=Capitalizing on opportunistic citizen science data to monitor urban biodiversity: A multi-taxa framework |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320720308119 |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=251 |pages=108753 |bibcode=2020BCons.25108753C |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108753 |issn=0006-3207 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Halitta]] sun5b7hvn5frukk2wxqxg24x323kqpy 0 116388 839028 714072 2026-05-22T12:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Marie Roos''' masanin tarihi ne na kimiyyar Ingilishi ta zamani, an san ta da bincikenta game da Royal Society na farko. Ita farfesa ce mai daraja a Makarantar Humanities da Heritage a Jami'ar Lincoln, Fellow na Society of Antiquaries, Fellow of the Linnean Society, ɗan'uwan Royal Historical Society, kuma tsohon Babban Edita na ''Bayani da Rubuce-rubuce''. == Ayyuka == Anna Marie Roos ta sami digiri na biyu a tarihi daga Jami'ar Colorado a shekarar 1997. Ta kasance mataimaki sannan kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Minnesota Duluth daga 1999 zuwa 2006, The Lister Research Fellow a Jami'an Oxford daga 2009 zuwa 2012, kuma mai bincike a Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya a Oxford daga 2009 ruo 2013. Roos ya kasance abokin ziyara a Kwalejin All Souls, Oxford, Huntington Fellow da Beinecke Fellow (ya ƙi) a cikin 2017. Za ta kasance abokiyar ziyara a Clare Hall, Cambridge a lokacin shekara ta 2025-2026. A cikin 2013, Roos ya fara aiki a Jami'ar Lincoln kuma ya yi ritaya a watan Yulin 2024 kuma yanzu Farfesa ne Emeritus. Ta zama Babban Edita na ''Bayani da Rubuce-rubuce'' a cikin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=22 August 2018 |title=Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science |url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320231304/https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsnr |archive-date=2019-03-20 |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=Royal Society Publishing}}</ref> A karkashin editacciyarta, an buga na farko a cikin jerin tambayoyin bidiyo kuma yawan shigarwar lambar yabo ta Essay ya karu sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kren |first=Jennifer |date=21 June 2019 |title=On the record with Anna Marie Roos |url=https://blogs.royalsociety.org/publishing/on-the-record-with-anna-marie-roos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024204324/https://blogs.royalsociety.org/publishing/on-the-record-with-anna-marie-roos/ |archive-date=2019-10-24 |access-date= |website=The Royal Society Publishing blog}}</ref> An zabi Roos Fellow na Society of Antiquaries a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anna Marie Eleanor Roos |url=https://www.sal.org.uk/our-fellows/directory/prof-anna-roos/ |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=Society of Antiquaries of London |language=en-GB}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce abokiyar Linnean Society of London . Ita memba ce ta Kwamitin Edita na Jaridar Burtaniya don Tarihin Kimiyya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial board |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-for-the-history-of-science/information/about-this-journal/editorial-board}}</ref> Roos ya gabatar da Gideon de Laune Lecture a Worshipful Society of Antiquaries a cikin 2023. Roos ya kuma gabatar da Bynum Lecture a Royal Society of Medicine a 2024. === Bincike === Ayyukan Roos sun shafi kimiyyar Ingilishi ta zamani da tarihin farko na Royal Society. Ta yi nazarin masanin halitta [[Martin Lister]] da 'ya'yansa mata [[Anne Lister (illustrator)|Anna]] da [[Susanna Lister|Susanna]], waɗanda suka kirkiro hotuna don littafin ''Historiae Conchyliorum'' kuma sun kasance wasu daga cikin mata na farko da suka yi amfani da microscope.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Cathy |date=22 January 2019 |title=Art and science interweave in a tale of two talented sisters and their polymath father |url=https://blogs.sciencemag.org/books/2019/01/22/martin-lister-and-his-remarkable-daughters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125051131/http://blogs.sciencemag.org:80/books/2019/01/22/martin-lister-and-his-remarkable-daughters/ |archive-date=2019-01-25 |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=Science |language=en-US}}</ref> Roos ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda Anna da Susanna suka zama masu zane-zane tun daga shekarunsu na matasa kuma cewa mahaifinsu ya yi amfani da aikinsu saboda ya yi la'akari da cewa har ma da masu zane-zanen ƙwararru ba su da isasshen abin dogaro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grahame |first=John |date=5 June 2019 |title=Coming out of one's shell: new book explores overlooked mollusc art by naturalist's daughters |url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/review/mollusc-art-martin-lister-anna-marie-roos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607112834/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/review/mollusc-art-martin-lister-anna-marie-roos |archive-date=2019-06-07 |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=The Art Newspaper}}</ref> Littafinta, Martin Lister and his Remarkable Daughters, an buga shi ne ta Bodleian Library a cikin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Kathryn |date=25 March 2019 |title=The making of a 17th-century book of shells |url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/martin-lister-remarkable-daughters-book/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330132240/https://www.apollo-magazine.com/martin-lister-remarkable-daughters-book/ |archive-date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=Apollo Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> An buga littafin a cikin Pinyin a cikin 2024. Littafin Roos na Goldfish, ɗaya daga cikin jerin dabbobi na Reaktion Books, an buga shi a watan Satumbar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Cathy |date=10 October 2019 |title=The epic history of the humble goldfish |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/animals/2019/10/epic-history-humble-goldfish |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323144804/https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/animals/2019/10/epic-history-humble-goldfish |archive-date=2020-03-23 |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=National Geographic |language=en-gb}}</ref> An sadaukar da littafin ga kifin zinare da ta mallaka tun tana yarinya, mai suna Speedy . A cikin 2020, a lokacin annobar COVID-19, National Geographic ta yi hira da Roos game da tasirin annoba a biranen da suka gabata. Ta tattauna barkewar annoba da keɓewa a Venice a farkon zamanin zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Cathy |date=16 March 2020 |title=What happens when a new pandemic hits an ancient city? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2020/03/what-happens-when-new-pandemic-hits-ancient-city |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323144803/https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2020/03/what-happens-when-new-pandemic-hits-ancient-city |archive-date=2020-03-23 |access-date=2020-03-23 |website=National Geographic |language=en-gb}}</ref> Sauran littattafanta sune: Rubuce-rubucen Dokta Martin Lister: (1639 - 1712). Volume na Biyu: 1678 - 1694, Brill, mai zuwa 2025. ''Ɗauki Newton a kan yawon shakatawa: Babban yawon shakata na Martin Folkes (1690-1754).'' Boydell da Brewer tare da Hakluyt Society, Oktoba 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Boydell & Brewer |url=https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781916931190/taking-newton-on-tour/ }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An shirya shi tare da Gideon Manning, Tattara Hikima na Masanin zamani na Farko: Essays in Honor of Mordechai Feingold . [Hasiya] An shirya shi tare da Vera Keller, Hikima ta Ƙungiya: Tattara a cikin Kwalejin zamani ta Farko . [Hotuna a shafi na 9] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brepols - Collective Wisdom |url=https://www.brepols.net/products/IS-9782503588063-1/}}</ref> ''Martin Folkes (1690-1754): Newtonian, Antiquary, Connoisseur.'' Jami'ar Oxford Press, 2021 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roos |first=Anna Marie |date=26 December 2022 |title=Martin Folkes (1690-1754): Newtonian, Antiquary, Connoisseur |url=https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/137/589/1845/6960814 |journal=English Historical Review |volume=137 |issue=589 |pages=1845–1847 |doi=10.1093/ehr/ceac248 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An shirya shi tare da Vera Keller da Elizabeth Yale, Tarihin bayan rayuwa: rayuwa, mutuwa, da yin ilimi a farkon tarihin kimiyya da kiwon lafiya na Burtaniya. [Hasiya] ''Wasiƙu na Dokta Martin Lister (1639-1712) [Volume daya 1662-1677]''. [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Ya lashe lambar yabo ta John Thackray, Society of the History of Natural History . ''Yanar gizo na Yanayi: Martin Lister (1639-1712), masanin ilimin arachnologist na farko.'' [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 1] ''Gishiri na duniya: falsafar halitta, magani da chemistry a Ingila, 1650-1750.'' [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 7] ''Haske a cikin duniyar halitta: rana da wata a Ingila, 1400-1720.'' Peter Lang, 2001. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5rfwvgv160d238tuf5zmkd1kyx9xq5v 0 116883 839036 716294 2026-05-22T13:49:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Antang |other_name = Anta, Antan |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Village and district |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Nigeria |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize= |pushpin_map_caption = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Nigeria}} |subdivision_type1 = [[States of Nigeria|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Kaduna State]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Local government areas of Nigeria|LGA]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Jema'a]] |subdivision_type3 = Ward |subdivision_name3 = [[Gidan Waya]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of = 2006 Census |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] |utc_offset = +01:00 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|09|26|54|N|08|27|37|E|region:NG|display=inline,title}}<ref name="Md">{{cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2349760.html|title=Antan, Gidan Waya, Jema'A, Kaduna State, Nigeria|work=mindat.org|access-date=August 31, 2024}}</ref> |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 563.88 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = 801 |area_code = |blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] |website = |footnotes = }} '''Antang''' ƙauye ne da gundumar a yankin karamar hukuma ta [[Jema'a]], [[Kaduna (city)|Kaduna]]" Southern Kaduna [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], Middle Belt, [[Najeriya]] . Tana da nisan kilomita 163.93 daga babban birnin jihar, Kaduna . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Distance Anta → Kaduna |url=https://test.distance.to/Anta/Kaduna |access-date=August 31, 2024 |website=Test Distance}}</ref><ref name="PPW">{{Cite web |title=Antan, Nigeria |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2349760-place-antan.html |access-date=August 31, 2024 |website=Places in the World }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lambar gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 801.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Offices - with map of LGA |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-07 |access-date=August 31, 2024 |publisher=NIPOST}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Antang, Jama'a - Postcode - 801147 |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/kaduna-jama-a-gidan-waya-antang.html |access-date=August 31, 2024 |website=NigeriaPostcode}}</ref> Ƙauyen yana da 1,850 ft (563.88 m) sama da matakin teku.<ref name="Reser">{{Cite journal |last=Vivan, E.L.; Ali, A.Y.; Obasi, M.T.; Emmanuel, J.N.; Daloeng, H.M.; Yakubu, C.G.; Watson, S.S.; and Yakubu, M.T. |date=December 2021 |title=Effect of artisanal mining on groundwater quality in Antang District, Jema'al Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357120534 |journal=Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences |publisher=ResearchGate |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=169–177 |doi=10.4314/bajopas.v13i1.24 |access-date=August 31, 2024 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Antang tana kudu maso yammacin [[Jos Plateau]] tsakanin latitude 9°15'N da 9°36'N da longitude 8° da 8°10'E. Gundumar tana da kusan ² km2. Yana da shimfidar wuri, tare da gefen arewa maso gabashinsa game da 549 m sama da matakin teku a tsawo. Yankin yafi yawa daga zamanin Precambrian, tare da duwatsu masu laushi da metamorphic (gneiss da schist). Saboda babban matakin ruwa da kuma tsatsa, yana da launin ja. Gundumar tana da yanayi mai zafi tare da yanayin zafi tsakanin 22 ° C zuwa 24 ° C duk shekara da kuma ruwan sama na shekara-shekara tsakanin 1,000 mm da 1,750 mm. Gundumar yana da ciyayi wanda ya kunshi gandun daji na rikon kwarya, wanda ya kunshe da nau'o'in kamar Oliverii, Domana, Vitex, Diospyros, Mespiloformus, Khaya, Grandiflora, da Albizia Africana, da Daniela.<ref name="Yun">{{Cite journal |last=Yunana, M.A. |last2=Banta, A.L. |year=2014 |title=Socio-Economic Effects of Illegal Mining Activities in Antang District of Jema'a Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria |url=https://www.cenresinjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Page-12-21-0144.pdf |journal=Journal of Environmental Sciences and Resources Management |publisher=Cenresin Publications |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=12–14 |issn=2277-0097 |access-date=August 31, 2024}}</ref>&nbsp; == Ma'adinai == Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2014 ya nuna cewa akwai manyan ayyukan hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba a Antang, da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da su kamar Nisama, Kanufi, da Atuku. Wannan binciken ya bayyana cewa wannan hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba ya karu sosai tun lokacin da aka kafa kamfanonin hakar ma-adinai a yankin a cikin shekarun 1960s don hakar ma ma'adanai masu daraja kamar sapphire, turmaline, aquamarine, amethyst, topaz, ruby, da zircon.<ref name="Yun"/> Kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai sun ci gaba da aiki a yankin ciki har da wasu wurare kamar Gidan Waya, [[Godogodo]], Golgofa, [[Kafancan|Kafanchan]], da Dangoma har zuwa ƙarshen 1980s lokacin da masu hakar ma-adinai na Turai suka bar. Safir wannan, dubban 'yan gudun hijira na Senegal, Mali, da Gambiya sun yi aiki tare da' yan asalin ƙasar a cikin irin waɗannan ma'adanai. Ya zuwa 2019, ana ci gaba da hakar ma'adinai a yankin. Wani binciken a cikin 2021 ya nuna cewa ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da masu sana'a ke kewaye da yankin Antang sun haifar da gurɓata ruwan kasa. Sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje na samfurori da aka tattara daga [[Gidan waya|Gidan Waya]] da ke kusa ya nuna cewa gurbataccen abu yana da yawa a cikin ruwa daga Antang da kewayenta idan aka kwatanta da na Gidan Way. Wadannan gurɓataccen abubuwa a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa an gano suna da tasiri na dogon lokaci a kan lafiyar mazaunan yankin, kodayake yawancin abubuwan da aka tattara da aka auna har yanzu sun wuce iyakar da aka yarda da ita da National Standard of Nigeria da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] suka kafa.<ref name="Reser"/> == Hare-haren ta'addanci na Fulani da hare-haren 'yan fashi == Antang da yankunan da ke kusa da Kudancin Kaduna tun daga shekara ta 2016 sun kasance a karkashin radar na hare-haren Fulani a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[Kisan Kiyashi a Kudancin Kaduna|Kisan kare dangi na Kudancin Kaduna]].<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 2016 |title=Dangerous Area in Kaduna, Nigeria a Virtual Ghost Town; 13 More Deaths Discovered |url=https://morningstarnews.org/2016/10/dangerous-area-in-kaduna-nigeria-a-virtual-ghost-town-13-more-deaths-discovered/ |access-date=August 31, 2024 |publisher=Morning Star News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=October 25, 2016 |title=Kaduna communities sign peace pact |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/10/25/kaduna-communities-sign-peace-pact/ |access-date=August 31, 2024 |publisher=PM News}}</ref> An kuma ce yankin yana da saukin kai hare-hare. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda talaucin ababen more rayuwa da ke haɗa Kudancin Kaduna zuwa [[Jos]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogunjobi |first=Gabriel |date=November 9, 2021 |title=Passengers Fear Bandits as Overturned Tanker Halt Traffic on Kaduna-Jos Expressway |url=https://fij.ng/article/passengers-fear-bandits-as-overturned-tanker-halt-traffic-on-kaduna-jos-expressway/ |access-date=August 31, 2024 |publisher=Foundation for Investigative Journalism}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == 0jozubbrj3doo4ue9pd4gy9s5v82aue 0 117052 839232 741615 2026-05-23T04:54:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Bez | image = Bez Picture.png | caption = | birth_name = Emmanuel Bez Idakula | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1983|11|10}} | birth_place = [[Jos]], [[Plateau State]], Nigeria | instrument = Vocals<br />Guitar<br />Piano | genre = Alternative soul | occupation = Musician<br />singer-songwriter<br />[[musical composer|Composer]] | years_active = 2007–present | label = [[Cobhams Asuquo Music Production]] | website = {{URL|http://bezworld.com/}} {{URL|http://bezlive.com/}} }} '''Emmanuel '''Bez''' Idakula''', wanda aka fi sani da Bez (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1983), ɗan Najeriya ne mai kida da yawa, mawaƙi-marubucin waƙa da mawaƙa, yana aiki a cikin wani nau'i da aka sani da "wani rai", haɗin rai, dutse, jazz da R & B. An nuna shi a cikin Pulse Magazine a matsayin lambar farko a cikin jerin "Top 12 Musicians To Look Out For in 2014".<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2014 |title=Top 12 Musicians To Look Out For in 2014 |url=http://pulse.ng/music/top-12-musicians-to-look-out-for-in-2014-id2603513.html |access-date=24 January 2014 |publisher=Pulse Magazine |archive-date=10 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110201926/http://pulse.ng/music/top-12-musicians-to-look-out-for-in-2014-id2603513.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Emmanuel Bez Idakula a shekara ta 1983, a [[Jos]] a tsakiyar Najeriya. Ya girma a cikin iyali mai son kiɗa, yana sauraron bishara da ƙasar. Yayinda yake yaro, ya raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa kuma ya fara buga guitar na mahaifinsa yana da shekaru tara. Iyayensa sun rubuta duets, tare da mahaifiyarsa tana raira waƙa kuma mahaifinsa yana wasa da guitar, yayin da Bez da ƙaramin ɗan'uwansa, Anyidakula Idakula, da 'yan uwansa mata biyu, Eunice Chiedu da Lydia Sobogun suka ba da waƙa tare da masu sauraro. Yayinda yake girma Bez ya shafe lokacinsa yana gyara abubuwa, da kuma yin zane da zane. Bez ya rasa mahaifinsa, wanda ɗan siyasa ne kuma ɗan takarar gwamna a [[Nasarawa|Nasarawa State]] ta Najeriya yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu Kudin iyalinsa ya fadi a sakamakon haka kuma ba zai iya biyan sauran kuɗin karatun sakandare ba. Wani mutum da ba a san shi ba ya biya kuɗin karatun sakandare. A kwaleji, ya sami taimako yana biyan kuɗin sa, kuma. Bayan kammala [[Kwalejin Loyola Jesuit|Kwalejin Jesuit ta Loyola]], Bez ta halarci kuma ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Covenant University|Jami'ar Alkawari]] a 2007 tare da BEng a fannin Bayanai da Fasahar Sadarwa.<ref name="onobello">{{Cite web |last=Babalola, Bimbim |date=6 September 2012 |title=An Acoustic Look into The Life of Nigerian Soul Sensation, Bez |url=http://www.onobello.com/index.php/features/item/1490-an-acoustic-look-in-to-the-life-of-nigerian-soul-sensation-bez |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202230455/http://www.onobello.com/index.php/features/item/1490-an-acoustic-look-in-to-the-life-of-nigerian-soul-sensation-bez |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=22 January 2014 |publisher=Ono Bello}}</ref> Ya raira waƙa a daren bude mic yayin da yake jami'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2013 |title=Africa Beats: Nigeria's Bez |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-22561708 |access-date=22 January 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan dare na mic an kira shi Taruwa ("gathering" a cikin [[Harshen Hausa]]), inda dandalin ya ƙarfafa masu fasaha su raba baiwarsu ta hanyar kiɗa, shayari, magana da fasaha. A nan, Bez ya buga kowane mako biyu kuma ya sadu da Praiz, wanda daga baya ya haɗu da shi a kan "Wannan Waƙar Wauta". Daga baya, ya karanta ''He-Motions'' na Bishop TD Jakes da sauran littattafan ruhaniya da taimakon kai, wanda ya kai shi ga ra'ayin cewa manufarsa a rayuwa ita ce ƙara darajar duniya ta hanyar kiɗansa. == Ayyuka == === ''Super Sun'' === An saki kundin Bez na ''Super Sun'' a cikin shekara ta 2011, kuma ya haɗa da "That Stupid Song". The Boston Globe ya sanya wannan waƙa a lamba 3 a cikin manyan kundin kiɗa na duniya goma na 2011, yana kiran Bez "mai raira waƙa mai kyau". Haɗakar da Najeriya ta kira shi "mai ban mamaki kuma cikakkiyar haɗuwa ce kawai don kundi na farko" <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2011 |title=CN Music Review: Bez "Super Sun" Album |url=http://connectnigeria.com/articles/2011/07/28/cn-music-review-bez-super-sun-album/ |website=Connect Nigeria |access-date=26 September 2025 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201170546/http://connectnigeria.com/articles/2011/07/28/cn-music-review-bez-super-sun-album/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wata hira da Vanguard Nigeria, Bez ya bayyana cewa "Wannan Waƙar Wauta" an kirkireshi ne ba zato ba tsammani lokacin da wani ya shiga ɗakin studio yana neman "waƙar wauta". Mai gabatarwa na Bez, ƙwararren marubucin waƙa da mai gabatarwa, Cobhams Asuquo, ya yi tunanin ƙirƙirar waƙar da ta kasance cakuda waƙoƙi daban-daban da suka raira yayin da suke girma. Sun gayyaci Praiz don yin haɗin gwiwa tare da Bez kuma sun rubuta "That Stupid Song" washegari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suleiman, Yemisi |date=9 April 2013 |title=Stupid song came by mistake – Bez |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/stupid-song-came-by-mistake-bez/ |access-date=25 January 2014 |publisher=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> === ''Yaron Gbagyi'' === A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, Bez ya gabatar da kundi na farko ''Ɗana'' kundi na biyu, My Baby wanda Cobhams Asuquo ya samar, wanda aka saki a shekara ta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2013 |title=Music Premiere: Bez – My Baby |url=http://www.jaguda.com/2013/11/28/music-premiere-bez-baby/ |access-date=24 January 2014 |publisher=Jaguda |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201025928/http://www.jaguda.com/2013/11/28/music-premiere-bez-baby/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ba a san taken da ranar fitarwa a halin yanzu ba. A cikin hira ta Afrilu 2013 tare da Vanguard Nigeria, Bez ya bayyana cewa kundi na gaba zai zama ɗan raguwa daga sautin da aka sani da shi, yana mai cewa zai sanya karin sauti na Afirka a cikin kiɗansa da dutsensa yayin da yake riƙe da rai a cikin kiɗa. Wannan na iya sa kiɗa ya zama sananne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suleiman, Yemisi |date=9 April 2013 |title=Nigeria: Stupid Song Came By Mistake – Bez |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201304100681.html?page=4 |access-date=24 January 2014 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> An saki Gbagyi Child a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2016. 360nobs ya kira kundin 'swirling, expressive, poetic, lush and bursting to the seams with its influences'. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Album Review: Gbagyi Child - Bez |url=https://www.360nobs.com/2017/01/album-review-gbagyi-child-bez/ |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=www.360nobs.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105120/https://www.360nobs.com/2017/01/album-review-gbagyi-child-bez/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya haɗa da waƙar remix na 'Ka yi zaton ka sani' wanda ke nuna shahararren ɗan wasan Najeriya [[Yemi Alade]]. === Yawon shakatawa da sauran nasarorin da aka samu === Bidiyo na kiɗa na Bez na "That Stupid Song", an fara shi ne a sanannen BET's 106 & Park, wani wasan kwaikwayo na hip-hop da R&B na Amurka, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafiki, Aqua |date=5 July 2012 |title=Bez: Nigeria’s Super Sun |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/stories/bez-nigeria-super-sun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603044339/http://www.okayafrica.com/stories/bez-nigeria-super-sun/ |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=22 January 2014 |publisher=Okay Africa}}</ref> a watan Janairun 2012. Shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka na farko da ya fara bidiyon kiɗa a duniya a kan BET kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya farko na Najeriya da ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a kantin sayar da iTunes a Soho, New York. Ya kuma nuna a kantin sayar da iTunes a Santa Monica, California don watan Black Music a watan Yunin 2012. Bez yana jin daɗin kasancewa a kan mataki: "Da zarar na hau kan mataki, sai ya haukace daga can. Muna yin aiki da zukatanmu kuma kawai muna shiga. Yana da babban kuzari a kan mataki kuma muna ƙoƙarin ci gaba da shi har zuwa ƙarshe. "Rubuta a cikin ɗakin yana da lada da yawa. "Wani lokaci yana iya zama kasuwanci, wasu lokuta kuma mafi yawan lokuta. kawai nishaɗi ne mara kyau!!" Bez ya yi a abubuwa da yawa a cikin 2012: The New Africa Shrine a Harlem, New York; bikin bayar da kyautar Applause Africa don girmama Angélique Kidjo a Manhattan, New York); Arts Alive Festival da Moshito Music Conference a [[Johannesburg]], Afirka ta Kudu; Africa Utopia a Cibiyar Kudu a London, Burtaniya; Taron shekara-shekara na Afirka a [[Addis Ababa]], Habasha, <ref>{{Cite web |title=ALN – Bez Idakula |url=http://www.africanleadershipnetwork.com/ourmembers/bez-idakula/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115184113/http://www.africanleadershipnetwork.com/ourmembers/bez-idakula/ |archive-date=15 January 2014 |access-date=24 January 2014 |publisher=African Leadership Network}}</ref> da kuma kide-kide na Najeriya kafin gasar Olympics a London, UK. Ya kuma yi wa ƙauyen Sol a SOBs a Manhattan, New York, da kuma taron TML100 a [[Nairobi]], Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2012 |title=Nigeria: Bez in Kenya for Tusker Malt 100 Club |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201209271061.html?aa_source=useful-column |access-date=24 January 2014 |publisher=All Africa}}</ref> Ya kuma yi a cikin "Spinlet All African Showcase", (na farko na irin sa), a SXSW a Austin, Texas; a watan Maris na shekara ta 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2012 |title=SXSW Band of the Day: Bez |url=http://www.austin360.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/music/entries/2012/02/23/sxsw_band_of_the_day_bez.html |website=Austin360}}</ref> Super Sun Concert dinsa a Najeriya, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, ya sami raves. A cikin 2013, Bez ya yi yawon shakatawa na Amurka a watan Maris, da kuma yawon shakata na Turai wanda aka gudanar daga baya a lokacin rani na wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Enengedi, Victor |date=23 January 2013 |title=Bez prepares for tour of Europe and America |url=https://thenet.ng/bez-prepares-for-tour-of-europe-and-america/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223185905/http://thenet.ng/2013/01/bez-prepares-for-tour-of-europe-and-america/ |archive-date=23 February 2014 |access-date=25 January 2014 |publisher=The Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Ya kuma buga Slide da Bounce Tour, wanda Globacom ta tallafawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bez ta auri Bolatito Ladoja, 'yar tsohon Gwamnan [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]] [[Rasheed Ladoja]] a watan Janairun 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonge, Osagie |date=5 January 2014 |title=More colourful photos from Bez Idakula and Bolatito Ladoja wedding |url=https://thenet.ng/more-colourful-photos-from-bez-idakula-and-bolatito-ladoja-wedding/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202030916/http://thenet.ng/2014/01/more-colourful-photos-from-bez-idakula-and-bolatito-ladoja-wedding/ |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=22 January 2014 |website=The Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Bolatito yana aiki a matsayin mai banki a [[First City Monument Bank|Bankin Tarihin Birni na Farko]] . Tana da digiri na farko a cikin Harkokin Kasashen Duniya daga Jami'ar Warwick a Ƙasar Ingila, tare da Masters a cikin Gudanarwa daga Kwalejin Imperial a London.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonge, Osagie |date=4 January 2014 |title=Bez weds today! Check out first photos here |url=https://thenet.ng/bez-weds-today-check-out-first-photos-here/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205043442/http://thenet.ng/2014/01/bez-weds-today-check-out-first-photos-here/ |archive-date=5 February 2014 |access-date=22 January 2014 |publisher=The Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Bolatito yana goyon baya kuma yana da hannu a cikin aikin Bez, kuma sau da yawa yana nan a wasansa. Bez a halin yanzu tana zaune ne a Legas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Helen |year=2011 |title=Unplugging Away |url=http://www.ariselive.com/articles/unplugging-away/97839/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630010725/http://www.ariselive.com/articles/unplugging-away/97839/ |archive-date=30 June 2013 |access-date=30 August 2012 |website=Arise Magazine}}</ref> A cikin kiɗa, manyan tasirinsa sune Amy Winehouse, Beatles da '70s rai. Baya ga guitar, yana kuma buga piano da percussion. == Kasuwancin sadaka == Bez ya kafa Gidauniyar Bez Idakula don taimakawa da bukatun ilimi ga yara da ba za su iya biyan su ba, da kuma ƙoƙarin taimakawa wajen canza rayuwarsu kamar yadda rayuwarsa ta shafi kuma ta canza. Bez kuma yana zaune a kan kwamitin wata kungiya mai zaman kanta, Gidauniyar Ovie Brume, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2013 |title=Popular Nigerian Artiste Bez to serve on the Board of Directors of Ovie Brume Foundation |url=http://www.oviebrumefoundation.org/news/popular-nigerian-artist-bez-to-serve-on-the-board-of-the-directors-of-ovie-brume-foundation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222041228/http://www.oviebrumefoundation.org/news/popular-nigerian-artist-bez-to-serve-on-the-board-of-the-directors-of-ovie-brume-foundation |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=12 February 2014}}</ref> memba ne na Cibiyar Jagorancin Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Members |url=http://www.africanleadershipnetwork.com/ourmembers/bez-idakula/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115184113/http://www.africanleadershipnetwork.com/ourmembers/bez-idakula/ |archive-date=15 January 2014 |access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref> kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mambobi biyu na Najeriya na Sandbox, cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta matasa 'yan kasuwa. Ya kuma amince da '"Abokai Afirka'" da kuma alamar Sadarwa a Afirka, [[Glo (kamfani)|Globacom]] kuma ya bayyana a cikin tallan su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Goodwill Ambassadors |url=http://friends-africa.org/about-us/corporate-structure/goodwill-ambassadors/mr-bez-idakula-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222063556/http://friends-africa.org/about-us/corporate-structure/goodwill-ambassadors/mr-bez-idakula-nigeria/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=12 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bez |url=http://www.gloworld.com/nigeria/team-view/bez/}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, Bez ya yi magana a taron kasuwanci na Harvard Africa a kan wani bangare na nishaɗi. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == Bez ta sami gabatarwa shida a cikin [[The Headies|Headies]] The Headies 2012 The Headies, lambar yabo ta Kiɗa ta Najeriya: Rubuce-rubuce na Shekara (ɗaya "The Stupid Song"), Mafi Kyawun R 'N' B / Pop Album (''Super Sun''), Mafi Kyawun Haɗin gwiwa (Stupid Song featuring Praiz), Mafi Kyawu Vocal Performance, da Hip Hop World Revelation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mgbolu |first=Charles |date=28 August 2012 |title=Nigeria: P-Square, Bez Lead Headies 2012 Nominees List |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201208290117.html |newspaper=All Africa}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gt5jmmjg0hj21bzqhfqejyqlbvv2tt0 0 117155 839201 730270 2026-05-22T23:33:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839201 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '<nowiki/>'''''[[banki|Bankin]] Ci gaban Aikin Gona'<nowiki/>'' na [[Ghana]]''', wanda aka fi sani da [[banki]] Ci Gaban Aikin Gona ko '''ADB''', bankin ci gaban gwamnati ne da kasuwanci a Ghana. Bankin shine cibiyar hada-hadar kudi ta farko da [[Gwamnatin Ghana]] ta kafa. Cibiyar hada-hadar kudi ce ta ci gaba wacce ke ba da sabis na fasaha da na kudi ga kasuwancin gona, manoma, da sauran kamfanoni a yankunan karkara. Yana daya daga cikin Bankunan kasuwanci da Bankin Ghana, mai kula da banki na kasa ya ba da lasisi. Babban manufar bankin shine ingantawa da tallafawa kasuwancin gona a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana: branches and agencies Agricultural Development Bank |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1363108/number-of-branches-and-agencies-of-agricultural-development-bank-of-ghana/#:~:text=As%20of%202021,%20the%20Agricultural,86%20bank%20branches%20and%20agencies. |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ADB a shekarar 1965, ta hanyar Dokar Majalisar (Dokar 286) a matsayin Bankin Kudin Aikin Gona da Bankin hadin gwiwa. Wannan shine don biyan bukatun banki na bangaren noma [[Ghana|Dan Ghana]] ta hanyar riba. Bankin ya fara aiki daga wani gini a kan titin Tunisia, West Ridge - Accra . Bankin ya canza sunansa a shekarar 1970 lokacin da aka yi wa dokar majalisa gyare-gyare don baiwa ma'aikatar cikakken ikon banki na kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Development Bank |url=https://siga.gov.gh/sector/agricultural-development-bank/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=SIGA: State Interests and Governance Authority |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925023548/https://siga.gov.gh/sector/agricultural-development-bank/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1967, Majalisar 'Yanci ta Kasa (NLC Decree 182) ta sake masa suna daga Bankin Kudin Aikin Gona da Bankin hadin gwiwa zuwa Bankin Ci gaban Aikin Goma, kuma ta gyara manyan sassan Dokar Kafawa, Dokar 286. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Historical Milestones {{!}} Agricultural Development Bank |url=https://agricbank.com/about-us/historical-milestones/ |access-date=2023-10-14 |website=agricbank.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 1990, bankin ya zama mafi banbanci kuma ya kara ayyukan banki da kasuwanci na kasa da kasa zuwa ga karuwar kayan sa. Bankin ya sami lasisin Bankin Duniya kuma ya faɗaɗa ayyukansa a shekara ta 2004. <ref name=":0"/> A cikin 2011 cibiyar sadarwar reshe ta bankin ta fadada daga rassa 55 zuwa 78 a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da cikakkun rassan da ke gudana akan dandalin ICT. A lokaci guda, bankin ya gabatar da ADB Visa Classic Card, yana bawa masu riƙe da katin damar yin kasuwanci a ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref name=":0"/> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Bankin babban banki ne na ci gaba da kasuwanci. Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2010, ADB ita ce babbar cibiyar hada-hadar kudi a fannin samar da kudade a Ghana, tana da alhakin kashi 35% na jimlar kudade na masana'antar banki na noma. A watan Satumbar 2010, an amince da bankin a matsayin Bankin Shekara a Kyautar Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Afirka, a [[Durban]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], cibiyar farko da wannan taron na shekara-shekara ya amince da ita. Jimlar kadarorin ma'aikatar a ƙarshen Disamba 2011 an kimanta su kusan dala miliyan 683.6 (GHS: biliyan 1.21). Bankin a halin yanzu yana neman yin lissafi a kan Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Ghana, kuma yana jiran amincewar gwamnati don a jera shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eduku |first=Pius Amihere |title=Ghana: ADB Fails to List On GSE |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201605061308.html}}</ref> == Mallaka == Kasuwancin bankin mallakar masu zuwa ne: {| style="font-size:100%;" | align="center" width="100%" |'''Bankin Ci gaban Aikin Gona na mallakar hannun jari na Ghana''' |- valign="top" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" ! style="width:2em;" |Matsayi !Sunan mai shi !Kashi na mallakar |- |1 |[[Gwamnatin Ghana]] |51.83 |- |2 |Bankin Ghana |48.17 |- | |'''Jimillar''' |'''100.00''' |- |} |} == Kayayyaki da ayyuka == Bankin yana shiga wasu nau'ikan banki ban da yin rance na noma. Ayyukan da aka bayar sun haɗa da banki na ci gaba, banki na kamfanoni, banki na mutum, banki na kasa da kasa, sabis na banki na diaspora, sabis na gudanar da baitulmalin, da sabis na canja wurin kuɗi, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Western Union. == Cibiyar sadarwa ta reshe == Bankin yana kula da cibiyar sadarwa ta rassa 85 da ke duk yankunan [[Ghana]]. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == * 2020 Ghana Cocoa Awards - Mafi kyawun Cibiyar Kula da Kudin Cocoa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-27 |title=ADB wins Best Cocoa Financing Institution award |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/banking/adb-wins-best-cocoa-financing-institution-award/ |access-date=2020-11-16 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812175303/https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/banking/adb-wins-best-cocoa-financing-institution-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == dldsovsm0fjctgi009wgt6mkk1lnll9 0 117722 839202 721848 2026-05-22T23:36:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839202 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} '''Bankin [[Ghana]]''' (an taƙaita shi a matsayin '''BoG''') shine [[Babban Banki|Babban Bankin]] Ghana . Tana cikin [[Accra]] kuma an kafa ta ne a shekara ta 1957.<ref name="Bank of Ghana, Biography">{{Cite web |title=Bank of Ghana, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Bank-of-Ghana-3532 |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=ghanaweb.com}}</ref> Bankin Ghana yana da Ofisoshin Yankin Bakwai ban da babban ofishinsa a Accra. Ofisoshin yankin suna cikin biranen da ke biyowa, Hohoe, [[Kumasi]], Sunyani, [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], Takoradi, Bolgatanga, Wa. Ofisoshin yankuna suna da alhakin aiwatar da manufofi da jagororin Bankin Ghana a yankunansu. Suna kuma ba da sabis na banki ga gwamnati, cibiyoyin kuɗi, da jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Bank of Ghana – Central Bank |url=https://www.bog.gov.gh/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[banki]] yana aiki a ci gaba da manufofin hada-hada kudi kuma memba ne na Alliance for Financial Inclusion . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2019 |title=Alliance for Financial Inclusion – Members |url=https://www.afi-global.org/members/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220141606/http://www.afi-global.org/about-afi/members |archive-date=20 February 2012}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bank of Ghana, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Bank-of-Ghana-3532 |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=ghanaweb.com}}</ref> == Kafa Bankin Ghana == An kafa Bankin [[Ghana]] a hukumance a ranar 4 ga Maris 1957, kwanaki biyu kawai kafin sanarwar 'yancin kai na siyasa ta Ghana.<ref name="Bank of Ghana, Biography"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Central Bank Of Ghana « Citizen-Capital |url=https://www.citizen-capital.com/the-central-bank-of-ghana/ |access-date=28 July 2023 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Majalisar dokokin [[Daular Biritaniya|Birtaniya]] ta zartar da Dokar Bankin Ghana (No. 34) na 1957 don sanya shi hukuma.<ref name="Bank of Ghana, Biography" /> A tsakiyar watan Yulin shekara ta 1957, an kammala dukkan shirye-shiryen da ake bukata don kaddamar da sabon Babban Ofishin Bankin a kan Babban titin.<ref name=":0" /> Tun daga shekara ta 1957, Bankin Ghana ya sami sauye-sauye daban-daban na doka.<ref name="Bank of Ghana, Biography"/> Dokar Bankin Ghana ta asali (No.34) ta 1957 an maye gurbin ta da Dokar Bankin Gana (1963), Dokar 182, wanda daga baya Bankin Ghana (Dokar Gyara) 1965, (Dokar 282) ta gyara. A ƙarshe, Dokar Bankin Ghana, 1992 PNDCL 291, ta karfafa tsarin doka ga bankin ta hanyar soke duka Ayyukan Ayyuka 182 da 282.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About the Bank – Bank of Ghana |url=https://www.bog.gov.gh/about-the-bank/ |access-date=12 July 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Ghana_Economy_–_Inflation.jpg|right|thumb|350x350px|{{Center|Ghana economical [[inflation]] rate of change in [[percentage]]}}]] Babban Bankin Ghana ya samo asali ne daga Bankin Gold Coast (BGC) ko Bankin Kasuwancin Ghana, inda aka kula da shi. Da zaran 'yan siyasa da masana tattalin arziki sun ga' yancin siyasa a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 an farfado da tashin hankali ga babban bankin. An yi jayayya cewa babban bankin wani cibiyar ce wanda zai ba da ma'ana ta gaskiya ga 'yancin siyasa. Ana iya tunawa da wannan hanyar a cikin 1947, wasu manyan 'yan siyasa sun yi kira ga kafa bankin kasa, tare da ayyukan banki na tsakiya don aiki a matsayin banki ga gwamnati da kuma kula da ɓangaren' yan asalin tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Next For The Banking Industry In Ghana? |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1021189/what-is-next-for-the-banking-industry-in-ghana.html#:~:text=The%20Central%20Bank%20of%20Ghana%20traces%20its%20roots,cater%20for%20the%20indigenous%20sector%20of%20the%20economy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Bank – Bank of Ghana |url=https://www.bog.gov.gh/about-the-bank/ |access-date=28 July 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> An yarda da shawarwarin masu ba da shawara ga babban bankin kuma a farkon 1955, gwamnati ta kafa wani kwamitin zaɓaɓɓen don ɗaukar sabon kallo ga Rahoton Trevor da shirya tushen kafa babban bankin a [[Ghana]]. BGC ta riga ta shirya mataki don banki na tsakiya: duk abin da ake buƙata ma'aikatan da aka horar da su musamman ne a banki na tsada da kuma wurin zama mai dacewa don bankin ya tashi.<ref name=":0"/> A ƙarshen 1956, an saita duk don kafa Bankin Ghana. An kafa sabon gini mai hawa biyar na zamani a kan Babban titin, kusa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Accra (AMA) don zama Bankin Ghana da Bankin Kasuwancin Ghana (GCB). A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, Bankin Ghana ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai yi takamaiman alkawura don hada kudi a karkashin Maya Declaration.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2012 |title=Bank of Ghana continues pledge to financial inclusion with Maya Declaration commitment |url=https://www.afi-global.org/news/2012/04/bank-ghana-continues-pledge-financial-inclusion-maya-declaration-commitment |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=Alliance for Financial Inclusion {{!}} Bringing smart policies to life |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2020 |title=AFI's Gender Inclusive Finance Webinar on "Integrating Gender Considerations into COVID-19 Policy Solutions" – Opening Remarks by Governor, Dr. E.K Addison, Bank of Ghana |url=https://www.afi-global.org/speeches/2020/09/afis-gender-inclusive-finance-webinar-integrating-gender-considerations-covid-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117090736/https://www.afi-global.org/speeches/2020/09/afis-gender-inclusive-finance-webinar-integrating-gender-considerations-covid-19 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |access-date=26 December 2020 |website=Alliance for Financial Inclusion {{!}} Bringing smart policies to life |language=en}}</ref> == Gudanar da Bankin Ghana == An ba da babban gudanarwar bankin a hannun kwamitin daraktoci guda bakwai a karkashin shugabancin gwamnan.<ref name=":0"/> Kwamitin farko ya kasance kamar haka: # Alfred Eggleston, shugaban # Douglas F. Stone, mataimakin gwamna # R. S. Blay, darektan # N. T. Clerk, darektan # C. E. Osei, darektan # R. C. Parkin, darektan [[Gwamna|Gwamnan]] bankin [[Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]] ya nada gwamnan bankin da mataimakinsa bisa shawarar [[Firai Minista|firaministan kasar]], bisa ga sashe na 10 (1) na dokar 1957. An nada gwamnan da mataimakinsa kowanne na tsawon shekaru biyar kuma sun cancanci a sake nada su. Wadannan jami'an biyu sun kasance masu amsawa ga hukumar game da ayyukan da suka yanke a cikin tafiyar da harkokin bankin gaba daya. Ita kanta hukumar ta kasance mai amsa ga ma'aikatar kudi don gudanar da ingantaccen bankin. Sauran daraktocin hukumar kuma [[Firai Minista|Firayim Minista]] ya nada tare da amincewar gwamnan Gold Coast na tsawon shekaru uku, idan har za a sabunta su. === Gwamnoni === Wadannan sune jerin gwamnoni har zuwa yau<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=BoG List of Gorvenors |url=https://www.bog.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=129%3Agovernors-and-deputy-governors-of-the-bank-since-its-inception&catid=64&Itemid=137}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bank of Ghana |title=Governors Deputies |url=https://www.bog.gov.gh/governors-deputies/ |website=Bank of Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bank of Ghana, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Bank-of-Ghana-3532 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2022-04-06 |title=Here are all the governors of the Bank of Ghana since 1957 |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/business/here-are-all-the-governors-of-the-bank-of-ghana-since-1957/q3k9rhm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115213633/https://www.pulse.com.gh/business/here-are-all-the-governors-of-the-bank-of-ghana-since-1957/q3k9rhm |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> * Alfred Eggleston 1 August 1957 – 3 April 1959 * Hubert Kessels 21 August 1959 – 8 September 1962 * W.M.Q. Halm 5 October 1962 – 13 August 1965 * A. Adomako 10 September 1965 – 9 February 1968 * J.H. Frimpong-Ansah 8 March 1968 – 28 February 1973 * Amon Nikoi 16 March 1973 – June 1977 * A.E.K. Ashiabor 15 Jul 1977–8 Mar 1983 * J. S. Addo 29 March 1983 – 3 June 1987 * G.K. Agama 15 July 1988 – 16 July 1997 * Kwabena Duffuor 17 July 1997 – 30 September 2001 * Paul A. Acquah 1 October 2001 – 30 September 2009 * K. B. Amissah-Arthur 1 October 2009 – 6 August 2012 * Henry Kofi Wampah 6 August 2012 – 31 March 2016 * Abdul Nashiru Issahaku 1 April 2016 – 31 March 2017 * Ernest Addison 1 April 2017 – 2025 * Dr. Johnson Asiama 3 February 2025 – Present == Sashen == A shekara ta 1957, bankin ya fara kasuwanci tare da manyan sassan shida wato: * Ofishin gwamnoni * Sashen gudanarwa / ma'aikata * Ma'aikatar banki * Sashen batutuwan * Sashen lissafi / binciken * Sashen tattalin arziki / kididdiga Sakataren [[Kwamiti|kwamitin]] ne ke jagorantar ofishin gwamnoni, yayin da sauran sassan ke jagoranta da manajoji waɗanda ke ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga mataimakin gwamnan ko kuma a lokuta na musamman ga gwamnan. Manajoji ne ke gudanar da sassan daidai da haka, tare da manufofi da yanke shawara da aka samu ta hanyar gudanarwa ta cikin gida daidai da manufofin da kwamitin gudanarwa na cikin gida ya samu wanda ya hada da gwamnan, mataimakin gwamnan da shugabannin sashen uku ko hudu da gwamnan ya nada.<ref name=":1"/> Tare da wannan tsari na farko, Bankin Ghana ya ɗauki babban rawar da yake takawa a cikin tsarin banki na Ghana, wanda ya ƙunshi babban bankin, bankunan kasuwanci guda biyu na kasashen waje - Bankin Burtaniya na Yammacin Afirka (BBWA) (yanzu Bankin Standard Chartered) da Bankin Barclays Limited (Dominion, Colonial da Overseas); da kuma sabon Bankin Kasuwancin Ghana (''GCB''). Har ila yau, akwai Bankin Tsaro na Ofishin Jakadancin (POSB), wanda a zahiri, ba banki ba ne ta hanyar ma'anar; kawai wata hukuma ce da [[gwamnati]] ta kafa don tattara ajiyar jama'a ta hanyar ofisoshin ofisoshin gidan waya da yawa a kasar, don saka hannun jari a cikin takardar gwamnati. Dangantaka da sauran bankunan a cikin tsarin an tsara su a ƙarƙashin sashe na 39 - 42 na Dokar 1957. Da farko, dangantakar ba ta da ƙarfi sosai. [[Babban Banki|Babban Bankin]] ya yi aiki a matsayin banki ga wasu bankunan kuma ya hada kai da su don ingantawa da kula da isasshen sabis na banki ga jama'a. Har ila yau, don tabbatar da manyan ka'idoji da gudanarwa a cikin tsarin banki. An kuma ba bankin iko don buƙatar bankunan su kula da rabo na kadarorinsu a cikin takamaiman tsari da kuma gabatar da dawowar kowane wata akan ayyukansu ga Babban Bankin. Koyaya, kulawar banki ko jarrabawar banki ba a nuna shi musamman a cikin Dokar ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2008 |title=BoG ordinance |url=http://www.ghanacedi.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=227&archiveid=411&page=1&adate=19/06/2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914005137/http://www.ghanacedi.gov.gh/index1.php?linkid=227 |archive-date=14 September 2008}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A matsayin Babban Bankin Ghana, yana aiki kamar haka: * Shirya da aiwatar da manufofin kudi da nufin cimma burin Bankin; * Ingantawa ta hanyar ma'auni na kudi daidaita darajar kudin a ciki da waje da Ghana; * Matakan cibiyar da za su iya yin tasiri mai kyau a kan ma'aunin biyan kuɗi, yanayin kudaden jama'a, da ci gaban tattalin arzikin ƙasa gaba ɗaya. * Gudanar da, sa ido, da kuma jagorantar tsarin banki da bashi da kuma tabbatar da aiki mai kyau na bangaren kudi; * Ingantawa, tsarawa, da kuma kula da tsarin biyan kuɗi da daidaitawa; * Bayar da kuma fansar bayanan kuɗi da tsabar kudi; * Tabbatar da ingantaccen kulawa da gudanar da ayyukan kudi na waje na Ghana; * lasisi, tsarawa, ingantawa, da kuma kula da cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi wadanda ba na banki ba; * Yi aiki a matsayin mai banki da mai ba da shawara kan kudi ga Gwamnati; * Ingantawa da kiyaye dangantaka da cibiyoyin banki da na kudi na kasa da kasa kuma suna ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ko duk wani tsari mai dacewa, aiwatar da yarjejeniyar kudi ta kasa da kasa wacce Ghana ta kasance jam'iyya; da * Yi duk sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba ko kuma suna da kyau ga ingantaccen aikinta a ƙarƙashin wannan Dokar da duk wani doka.<ref name=":0"/> == Bankin Ghana a cikin labarai == === Shari'a === ==== Dokta Papa Kwesi Nduom da Sauran ==== A watan Agustan 2019, Dokta Papa Kwesi Nduom da sauran mutane sun shigar da kara a kan Bankin Ghana da sauran bangarorin game da soke lasisin Bankin GN / Savings. <ref>{{Cite web |title=High Court has jurisdiction over GN Bank vs. Bank of Ghana - Supreme Court rules - Graphic Online |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/high-court-has-jurisdiction-over-gn-bank-vs-bank-of-ghana-supreme-court-rules.html#:~:text=The%20Supreme%20Court%20has%20ruled%20that%20the%20High,over%20the%20revocation%20of%20the%20GN%20Bank%2FSavings%20license}}</ref> Bankin Ghana ya kalubalanci ikon Babban Kotun ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa, kamar yadda Dokar Bankin ta tanada, ya kamata a warware batutuwan soke lasisi ta hanyar sasantawa maimakon shari'ar kotu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2022 |title=GN bank case: BoG appeal struck out, High Court to give final judgement |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/GN-bank-case-BoG-appeal-struck-out-High-Court-to-give-final-judgement-1447996 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729123929/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/GN-bank-case-BoG-appeal-struck-out-High-Court-to-give-final-judgement-1447996 |archive-date=29 July 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> === Rashin jituwa === ==== ''Sabon Bankin Ghana Hedkwatar'' ==== A watan Agustan 2023, Bankin [[Ghana]] ta hanyar sanarwar manema labarai da aka bayyana tare da hujjoji, tafiyarsa ta gina sabon hedikwatar don maye gurbin ginin da ke yanzu. Bankin Ghana a Accra ya fitar da takarda a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, 2023, wanda ke dauke da wannan bayyanar.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=BoG new head office 41% completed; to be finished in Sept. 2024 |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2023/08/bog-new-head-office-41-completed-to-be-finished-in-sept-2024/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=Construction of new BoG office at 41% completion - Governor |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Construction-of-new-BoG-office-at-41-completion-Governor-1829048 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2023 |title=Why BoG is constructing new Head Office building as most important priority project |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/why-bog-is-constructing-new-head-office-building-as-most-important-priority-project.html |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-21 |title=New BoG head office 'not just simple, ordinary building' – Addison |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/New-BoG-head-office-not-just-simple-ordinary-building-Addison-1829069 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gyesi |first=Zadok Kwame |date=21 August 2023 |title=No procurement law was flouted in new BoG head office project - Governor |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/no-procurement-law-was-broken-in-the-building-of-new-bank-of-ghana-head-office-governor.html |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=New headquarters cost not bloated - BoG |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/New-headquarters-cost-not-bloated-BoG-1829216 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> Shawarwarin gina sabon ginin ya sadu da halayen da suka haɗu yayin da Ƙananan a Majalisar Dokokin Ghana da wasu Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a suka yi tsayayya da sabon ginin, suna mai cewa irin waɗannan ayyukan ba su da mahimmanci saboda yanayin tattalin arzikin ƙasar na yanzu.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=BoG new head office 41% completed; to be finished in Sept. 2024 |url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2023/08/bog-new-head-office-41-completed-to-be-finished-in-sept-2024/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=Citi Business News |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, sun soki Gwamnan Bankin Ghana da mataimakansa, suna roƙon su sauka kuma suna bayyana shirin su na gudanar da zanga-zanga a Bankin Ghana a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2023, suna neman barin waɗannan jami'an.<ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=NDC MP blows alarm on luxurious 'Central Bank of Ghana Governor Guest House' in Takoradi |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/NDC-MP-blows-alarm-on-luxurious-Central-Bank-of-Ghana-Governor-Guest-House-in-Takoradi-1823399 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> Sauran fitattun mambobin kungiyar ciki har da Dormaahene, Osagyefo Oseadeeyo Agyemang Badu II sun kuma nuna ajiyarsu game da shawarar shugabancin Bankin Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GhanaWeb |date=18 August 2023 |title=3 top public personalities who have commented on BoG's new $250m headquarters |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/3-top-public-personalities-who-have-commented-on-BoG-s-new-250m-headquarters-1827188 |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Biiya |first=Mukusah Ali |date=18 August 2023 |title=I'll demolish new BoG head office project if I had my own way - Dormaahene [VIDEO] |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/if-i-had-my-own-way-ill-demolish-new-bank-of-ghana-250-million-head-office-project-dormaahene.html |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2023 |title=It's not prudent to build new BoG headquarters while in crisis – Inusah Fuseini |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/its-not-prudent-to-build-new-bog-headquarters-while-in-crisis-inusah-fuseini |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en}}</ref> A gefe guda, Mataimakin Ministan Kasuwanci, Dokta Stephen Amoah, ya kira matakin wadanda ke kira ga murabus din gwamnan ba dole ba ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-11 |title=Calls for resignation of BoG governor, deputies are unjustified – Stephen Amoah |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Calls-for-resignation-of-BoG-governor-deputies-are-unjustified-Stephen-Amoah-1822598 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == A watan Oktoba 2020, Bankin Ghana ya zama babban bankin mafi kyau a lambar yabo ta bakwai ta Babban Bankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BoG picks Central Bank of the Year award |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/bog-picks-central-bank-of-the-year-award.html |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bank of Ghana (BoG) won Central Bank of the Year Award 2020 in 7th Annual Central Banking Awards 2020 |url=https://affairscloud.com/virtual-edition-of-7th-annual-central-banking-awards-2020/ |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=affairscloud.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rd7976pr7pjqjejcc3rxmjrh4eb6seh 0 118028 839055 832606 2026-05-22T15:49:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839055 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}{{Blockquote|Indeed, even though there may be so-called gods in heaven or on earth—as in fact there are many gods and many lords/masters—yet for us there is one God (Gk. ''theos'' – θεός), the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord/Master (''[[kyrios]]'' – κύριος), Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.}} '''Arianism''' (Koine Greek, {{Transl|grc|Areianismós}}) {{Sfn|Brennecke|2018}} Koyarwar Kristi ce wacce ta ki amincewa da ra'ayin gargajiya na Triniti, tana koyar da cewa Allah ne ya halicci Yesu sabili da haka ya bambanta da Allah. An sanya masa suna ne bayan mai goyon bayansa Arius (250 ko 256 - 336) kuma yawancin rassan Kiristanci na zamani suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai ridda.{{Sfn|Witherington|2007}} Arianism yana hannun 'yan tsiraru na addinai na zamani, kodayake wasu daga cikin waɗannan kungiyoyin suna goyon bayan koyarwar da suka danganci irin su Socinianism, wasu kuma suna guje wa kalmar "Arian" saboda mummunan tarihinsa. Addinai na zamani wani lokacin da ke da alaƙa da koyarwar sun haɗa da Shaidun Jehobah, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Modern Day Arians |url=https://www.watchman.org/articles/other-religious-topics/modern-day-arians-who-are-they/}}</ref> wasu majami'u a cikin Ikklisiyoyin Kristi (cikin su wanda ya kafa motsi, Barton W. Stone), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Barton W. |title=An Address to the Christian Churches in Kentucky, Tennessee & Ohio on Several Important Doctrines of Religion (1821) |url=https://webfiles.acu.edu/departments/Library/HR/restmov_nov11/www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/bstone/ADDR-2ND.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131201210351/https://webfiles.acu.edu/departments/Library/HR/restmov_nov11/www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/bstone/ADDR-2ND.HTM |archive-date=2013-12-01}}</ref> da wasu Kiristoci na Tushen Ibrananci da Yahudawa na Almasihu, kodayake yawancin Yahudawa na Almasihu suna bin Kiristanci na Nicaea. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pagan Trinity Exposed |url=https://yrm.org/pagan-trinity-exposed/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |archive-date=2025-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112004213/https://yrm.org/pagan-trinity-exposed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fara danganta shi ga Arius, {{Sfn|Brennecke|2018}} wani Kirista ne wanda ya yi wa'azi kuma ya yi karatu a [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]], Misira, kodayake ya samo asali ne daga nau'o'i daban-daban na Kiristanci wanda ya bambanta da Kiristanci na Nicene daga baya a ra'ayinsu na Christology.{{Sfn|Berndt|Steinacher|2014}} Ilimin tauhidin Arius ya ce [[Isa|Yesu Kristi]] Ɗan Allah ne, wanda Allah Uba ya haifa, tare da bambancin cewa Ɗan Allah ba koyaushe yake ba amma Allah Uba ne ya haife shi kafin lokaci; saboda haka, Yesu bai kasance tare da Allah Uba ba, amma duk da haka Yesu ya fara wanzuwa a waje da lokaci.{{Efn|"Arius wanted to emphasise the transcendence and sole divinity of God [...]. God alone is, for Arius, without beginning, unbegotten and eternal. In the terminology of negative theology, Arius stresses monotheism with ever-renewed attempts. God can only be understood as creator. He denies the co-eternal state of the Logos with God since otherwise God would be stripped of his absolute uniqueness. God alone is, and thus he was not always Father. [...] Following Proverbs 8:22–25, Arius is able to argue that the Son was created. For Arius the Logos belongs wholly on the side of the Divine, but he is markedly subordinate to God. {{harvnb|Berndt|Steinacher|2014|p=}}}}{{Efn|"A [[Heresy in Christianity|heresy]] of the [[State church of the Roman Empire|Christian Church]], started by Arius, bishop of Alexandria (d. 336), who taught that the Son is not equivalent to the Father (ὁμοούσιος gr:''homoousios'' ≅ lt:''consubstantialis'') ... The very insistence upon the more subordinate relationship of the Son—that is, the Messiah—to God-the-father is much nearer to the [[Messiah in Judaism|Jewish doctrine of the Messiah]] than to the conception of the full divinity of the Son, as enunciated at [[First Council of Nicaea|Nicaea]]."<ref name="JE2"/>}}{{Sfn|Berndt|Steinacher|2014}}{{Efn|Arius used the two words as synonyms<ref name=davis>{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Leo Donald |url=http://archive.org/details/firstsevenec_davi_1990_000_6702418 |title=The first seven ecumenical councils (325–787) p. 52: their history and theology |date=1990 |publisher=Collegeville, Minn. : Liturgical Press |others=Georgetown University Law Library |isbn=978-0-8146-5616-7}}</ref>}}{{Efn|Arius believed that Jesus came into existence before time existed,<ref name=davis/>}} {{Efn|Jesus was considered a creature but not like the other creatures.<ref name=newmanreader>{{Cite web |title=Newman Reader – Arians of the 4th Century – Chapter 1–5 |url=https://www.newmanreader.org/works/arians/chapter1-5.html |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=www.newmanreader.org}}</ref>}} Arians do not believe in the traditional doctrine of the [[Trinity]].<ref name="www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk">{{Cite web |title=Newton's Arian beliefs |url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Extras/Newton_Arian.html |publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews}}</ref>{{Sfn|Phan|2011}} The letter of the Arian bishop [[Auxentius of Durostorum]]<ref name="faculty.georgetown.edu">{{Cite web |title=Auxentius on Wulfila: Translation by Jim Marchand |url=http://faculty.georgetown.edu/jod/texts/auxentius.trans.html}}</ref> regarding the Arian missionary [[Ulfilas]] ({{Circa|311}}–383) gives an overview of Arian beliefs. Ulfilas, ordained by Arian bishop [[Eusebius of Nicomedia]], became a missionary to the [[Goths]] and believed that God the Father, the "unbegotten" Almighty, is the only true God.<ref name="bibleverse|John|17:3">{{Bibleverse|John|17:3}}</ref> According to Auxentius, Ulfilas believed the Son of God, Jesus, the "only-begotten god",<ref>{{Bibleverse|John|1:18}}</ref> was begotten before time began.<ref>{{Bibleverse|Proverbs|8:22–29}}, {{Bibleverse|Revelation|3:14}}, {{Bibleverse|Colossians|1:15}}</ref> The [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]], he wrote, is the illuminating and sanctifying power of God. Using 1 Corinthians 8:5–6 as a [[proof text]]: An tabbatar da Homoousianism a hukumance ta majalisun ecumenical guda biyu na farko; <ref name="Christianitytoday">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2008 |title=Athanasius, Five-time exile for fighting 'orthodoxy' |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/theologians/athanasius.html |access-date=10 August 2018}}</ref> tun daga wannan lokacin, an hukunta Arianism a matsayin "karkatarwa ko ɗarika ta Arius". Ikklisiyar Triniti (Homoousian) ta sami goyon baya sosai daga Patriarch Athanasius na Iskandariya, wanda ya nace cewa Yesu (Allah Ɗa) "ya kasance" ko "ya kasance a cikin asali" tare da Allah Uba. Arius ya nuna rashin amincewa: "Idan Uba ya haifi Ɗa, to wanda aka haifa yana da farkon wanzuwar, kuma daga wannan ya biyo baya akwai lokacin da Ɗa bai kasance ba. " <ref name="Christianitytoday" /> majalisun Ikklisiya ta farko ta Nicaea ta 325 ta bayyana Arianism a matsayin ridda.{{Sfn|Ferguson|2005}} A cewar Everett Ferguson, "Yawancin Kiristoci ba su da ra'ayoyi game da yanayin Triniti kuma ba su fahimci abin da ke cikin batutuwan da ke kewaye da shi ba".{{Sfn|Ferguson|2005}} Ana kuma amfani da Arianism don komawa ga wasu tsarin tauhidin da ba na Triniti ba na karni na 4, wanda ya ɗauki [[Isa|Yesu Kristi]] - Ɗan Allah, Logos - a matsayin ko dai halitta da aka haifa na irin wannan ko daban da na Uba, amma ba daidai ba (kamar Homoiousian da Anomoeanism) ko kuma ba a halicce su ba ko kuma a halicci wasu halittu (kamar a cikin Semi-Arianism). == Asalin == Wasu Kiristoci na farko waɗanda imanin su zai fada ƙarƙashin 'orthodoxy' a ƙarni na uku da na huɗu sun musanta ƙarni na har abada na Ɗa; sun kalli Ɗa kamar yadda aka haife shi a lokaci. Wadannan sun hada da Tertullian da Justin Martyr . <ref>{{Cite web |title=R.E. Roberts, The Theology of Tertullian (1924), Chapter 7 (pp. 140–148) |url=https://www.tertullian.org/articles/roberts_theology/roberts_07.htm |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=www.tertullian.org}}</ref> An dauki Tertullian a matsayin pre-Arian. Daga cikin sauran iyayen coci, an zargi Origen da Arianism don amfani da kalmomi kamar "Allah na biyu", kuma an zargi Patriarch Dionysius na Iskandariya a Roma don cewa Ɗa aiki ne da halittar Allah (watau, halitta). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Arianism |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01707c.htm |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> Koyaya, ƙaddamar da Origen ba daidai ba ne da Arianism, kuma an kalli shi gabaɗaya a matsayin kusa da ra'ayi na Nicene-Constantinopolitan game da Triniti. Rikici game da Arianism ya tashi a ƙarshen karni na 3 kuma ya ci gaba a cikin mafi yawan karni na 4. Ya haɗa da yawancin membobin coci - daga masu bi masu sauƙi, firistoci, da 'yan majami'a zuwa bishops, sarakuna, da membobin gidan sarauta na Roma. Sarakuna biyu na Romawa, Constantius II da Valens, sun zama Arians ko semi-Arians, kamar yadda shahararrun sarakunan Gothic, Vandal, da Lombard suka yi kafin da kuma bayan faduwar Daular Romawa ta Yamma. Antipopes Felix II <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberius {{!}} pope {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Liberius |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> da Ursinus {{Efn|Ambrose of Milan, Epistles iv}} sune Arian, kuma an tilasta Paparoma Liberius ya sanya hannu kan Arian Creed na Sirmium na 357 - kodayake wasikar ta ce ya yarda da Arianism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Liberius |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09217a.htm |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=www.newadvent.org}}</ref> Irin wannan rikici mai zurfi a cikin Ikilisiyar farko a wannan lokacin ba zai iya zama ba tare da tasirin tarihi ba wanda ke ba da tushe ga koyarwar Arian.{{Sfn|Hanson|2005}} [[Fayil:Ariusz.JPG|thumb|250x250px|hoton Arius da aka yi tunaninsa. Bayani game da alamar Makarantar Crete, c. 1591, wanda ke nuna Majalisar farko ta Nicaea]] Arius ya kasance dalibi na Lucian na Antakiya a makarantar Lucian mai zaman kanta a Antakiya kuma ya gaji daga gare shi wani nau'i mai canzawa na koyarwar Bulus na Samosata.{{Sfn|Pullan|1905}} Arius ya koyar da cewa Allah Uba da Ɗan Allah ba koyaushe suke tare har abada ba.<ref name="ritchies.net">{{Cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Mark S. |title=The Story of the Church – Part 2, Topics 2 & 3 |url=http://www.ritchies.net/p2wk2.htm |website=The Story of the Church}}</ref> == Bangaskiya == Kadan daga cikin ayyukan Arius ya tsira sai dai a cikin maganganun da abokan adawarsa suka zaɓa don dalilai na jayayya, kuma babu tabbaci game da abin da al'adun tauhidi da falsafar suka kafa tunaninsa.{{Sfn|Bauckham|1989}} Tasirin daga Ɗaya daga Neoplatonism ya bazu a duk Daular Roma ta Gabas, kuma wannan ya rinjayi Arius. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arius {{!}} Biography, Beliefs, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Arius |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hesiod |date=2022-06-24 |title=Arius and Neoplatonism |url=https://minervawisdom.com/2022/06/24/arius-and-neoplatonism/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=Discourses on Minerva |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Early Unitarians: Arius and His Followers |url=https://people.wku.edu/jan.garrett/arius.htm |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=people.wku.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Spencer |first=Ian |date=5 April 2007 |title=Plato: proto-trinitarian, or the Father of Arianism? – Trinities |url=https://trinities.org/blog/plato-proto-trinitarian-or-the-father-of-arianism/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribolov |first=Svet |date=2013-01-01 |title=A New Look at Arius' Philosophical Background |url=https://www.academia.edu/20120195 |journal=Church Studies |volume=10 |pages=203–212 |access-date=2025-10-16 |archive-date=2024-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208030057/https://www.academia.edu/20120195 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babban jigon Arius shine cewa Allah ne kawai ke da 'yanci daga wanzuwar. Tun da yake Ɗan ya dogara, dole ne a kira shi halitta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arianism {{!}} Definition, History, & Controversy {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arianism |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Arians sun gabatar da wata tambaya game da imanin su: "Shin Allah ya haifi Yesu da yardar rai ko ba da son rai ba?" An yi amfani da wannan tambaya don jayayya cewa Yesu ya dogara da wanzuwarsa tunda Yesu ya wanzu ne kawai saboda Allah yana son ya kasance. Arianism ya koyar da cewa Logos wani allahntaka ne wanda Allah Uba ya halicce shi kafin halittar duniya, yana aiki a matsayin matsakaici don halitta, kuma cewa Ɗan Allah yana ƙarƙashin Uba.{{Sfn|McClintock|Strong|1867}} Ma'anar Logos tana nufin halayyar Allah ta ciki da ke da alaƙa da hikima. An gano Yesu a matsayin Logos saboda kamanceceniya da wannan bangare na ciki na yanayin Allah. An yi amfani da aya daga [[Karin magana|Misalai]] cewa, bisa ga Arianism, ya yi magana game da halittar Ɗa ta Allah: "Ubangiji ya halicce ni a farkon aikinsa. " <ref>{{Bibleverse|Proverbs|8:22–25|HE}}</ref> Saboda haka, sun ce, Ɗa shine na farko kuma mafi cikakke daga cikin halittun Allah, kuma an kira shi "Allah" kawai ta hanyar izinin Uba da ikon. {{Sfn|Kelly|1978}} Kalmar "Ɗa" ba ta da tabbas, kamar yadda Arians ke amfani da tauhidin tallafi don tallafawa imanin cewa Uba ne ya halicci Yesu ''ex nihilo''. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 8w0tdp8j78ana10cbla9lbsi51m1yoo 0 118171 839196 723765 2026-05-22T22:41:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Magwafan''' ([[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]]: Bakin Kogi,) al'umma ce ta karkara a cikin Gundumar [[Kanai, Najeriya|Kanai]] ta [[Zangon Kataf]]">Yankin Karamar Hukumar Zangon Kataf, [[kudancin kaduna|kudanci]] [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]] a yankin Middle Belt na [[Najeriya]] . Lambar gidan waya ta ƙauyen ita ce: 802147 Magwafan tana da lambar gidan waya guda biyu; (Magwafan, Unguwan Rohogo a Zangon Kataf, Kaduna: 802137 da Magwafan, Manyi Aghui a Zangon kataf, Kadun: 802132.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zangon Kataf LGA Postal Code |url=https://www.zipcode.com.ng/2019/02/zangon-kataf-lga-postal-code.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=ZIP Code |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Result - Magwafan - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/search/?keyword=Magwafan |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Magwafan, Zangon Kataf - Postcode - 802147 - Nigeria Postcode |url=https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/kaduna-zangon-kataf-unguwar-rohogo-magwafan.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=www.nigeriapostcode.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=802132 Postcode, Magwafan, Manyi Aghui, Zangon Kataf, Kaduna, Nigeria |url=https://nga.postcodelist.com/postcode/802132-Magwafan-Manyi-Aghui-Zangon-Kataf-Kaduna_psh.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=nga.postcodelist.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ci gaba == Akwai ci gaba da gina gada a cikin kogin Magwafan, shimfidawar gadar ta fara ne daga Magwafan (Bakin Kogi Kazare), Ataghui da sauran ƙauyukan da ke kusa da su kuma suna haɗa al'ummomi sama da 20 masu rauni da ke kan iyaka da yankunan karamar hukumar Kauru da Kachia bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=help-bring-justice-and-reunite-families-who-were-victims-of-argentinas-military-dictatorship |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-2714-0049 |doi=10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-2714-0049 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-09-06}}</ref> Ginin gadar ya kasance a cikin misalin dan majalisa wanda ya ƙuduri aniyar kawo succor ga al'ummomin da ke fama da hare-hare akai-akai daga makiyaya Fulani da ake zargi. == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin ƙauyuka a jihar Kaduna|List of villages in Kaduna State]] * [[Kanai, Najeriya|Kania, Nigeria]] == Manazarta == pyd17kjbpjm4qu1y2dwvtp09zssojv1 0 119067 839285 727375 2026-05-23T09:10:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Braimah Isaac Kamoko''' wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Bukom Banku''' (an haife shi 17 ga Agusta 1980) ƙwararren ɗan dambe ne ɗan Ghana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Appoint me as Ga youth leader to make Accra clean - Bukom Banku to government - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/appoint-me-as-ga-youth-leader-to-make-accra-clean-bukom-banku-to-government/ |access-date=2021-05-22 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda har zuwa 20 Oktoba 2017 yana da rikodin rashin nasara na 28-0-0 (21 K0). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Braimah Kamoko |url=https://boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Human:90061 |access-date=16 November 2019 |publisher=BoxRec}}</ref> Duk da haka, a kan 21 Oktoba 2017, ya sha kashi TKO a kan Bastie Samir a Bukom Boxing Arena a Accra, Ghana, a zagaye na bakwai. A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2019, ya doke Rojhat Bilgetekin ta [[Jamus]] a zagaye na 3 a St George Hall da ke Bradford a Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bukom Banku arrives in Ghana to rousing welcome |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2019/September-13th/bukom-banku-arrives-in-ghana-to-rousing-welcome.php |access-date=2019-09-14 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'ar sana'a == === Nauyi mai nauyi === Braimah ya fara yin fice ne ta hanyar lashe lambar tagulla a [[1999 All-Africa Games|gasar cin kofin Afirka na 1999]] [[Damben nauyi|mai nauyi]] da aka shirya a [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg na Afirka ta Kudu]] a watan Satumban 1999. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] j1ctkwb5k47pfyiz4g9dzoj624sim7t 0 120976 839117 741588 2026-05-22T19:55:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization|product=}} Housing Works wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta a birnin New York mai fama da cutar AIDS da rashin matsuguni. Kungiyar agajin ta shahara da sana’o’in kasuwanci da suka hada da jerin shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, wadanda ke tallafawa kokarin kawo karshen cutar kanjamau da rashin matsuguni a inda suke. An kuma san su da fafutukar tabbatar da adalci a zamantakewa. Tun daga Maris 2017, ƙungiyar ta yi hidima ga abokan ciniki 30,000.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.housingworks.org/about-us |access-date=11 July 2018 |website=Housing Works}}</ref> A cikin 1990, mambobi hudu na kungiyar masu fafutukar cutar kanjamau ACT UP - Keith Cylar, Charles King, Eric Sawyer da Virginia Shubert - sun yanke shawarar sadaukar da kansu don yin hidima ga ɗayan mutanen da aka fi watsi da su a Birnin New York: dubban maza, mata, da yara marasa gida a cikin birni da ke zaune tare da cutar kanjamaun daji da cutar kansar. Mai zane Rhonda Roland Shearer, tare da ɗan kasuwa H. Joseph Allen, sun ba da gudummawar $ 100,000 a cikin kudaden tsaba don ƙaddamar da manufar daga abin da ke cikin ɗakin zane-zane na Shearer a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In Your Face |url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/in_your_face |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Stanford Social Innovation Review |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Barasch |first=Douglas S. |date=1998-08-17 |title=Charles King's Holy War |url=https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/culture/features/2996/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=New York Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Masu gwagwarmayar sun kira sabuwar ƙungiyar su Housing Works saboda sun yi imanin cewa gidaje masu ɗorewa shine mabuɗin taimaka wa mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau suyi rayuwa lafiya da rayuwa mai gamsarwa da kuma hana ci gaba da yaduwar kwayar cutar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.housingworks.org/about/history |access-date=September 7, 2010 |website=Housing Works}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:PEPFAR_State_Department_protest_22.jpg|thumb|Charles King, a watan Fabrairun 2024]] Kungiyar tana gudanar da jerin shagunan ajiya, kantin sayar da littattafai, da kantin magani a matsayin kamfanoni na zamantakewa don tallafawa aikin su da ƙananan dogara ga tallafi da gudummawa. Hakanan suna ba da kulawar lafiya, ba da shawarwari, horar da aiki, sabis na dawowa, sabis na rage cutarwa gami da sabis na musayar sirinji, magani don rashin lafiyar amfani da opioid, ba da shawara kan lafiyar hankali, kula da lafiyar manya, da tallafin doka. Ƙungiyar tana da ofisoshin tauraron dan adam a Albany, New York, Brooklyn, New York, Haiti, Puerto Rico, da New Orleans. === Shagon littattafai Cafe & mashaya === An kafa shi a cikin 1994 kuma yana cikin Soho a kan titin Crosby, kantin sayar da littattafai <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-19 |title=Bookstore Cafe |url=https://www.housingworks.org/locations/bookstore-cafe |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=Housing Works |language=en-us}}</ref> Kasuwanci ne mai cin nasara wanda ke tara kuɗi don tallafawa aikin Housing Works. Ana gudanar da shi da farko ta ƙungiyar masu sa kai da aka horar da su musamman, kantin sayar da littattafai yana samun kuɗi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar gudummawa, kuma yana sake siyarwa a cikin sararin sayar da kaya da kan layi. Abubuwan da suka faru kyauta da tikiti suna faruwa a cikin mako, kuma sararin yana samuwa ga ƙungiyoyin haya masu zaman kansu, laccoci, kuma sanannen wurin bikin aure ne.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-19 |title=Events |url=https://www.housingworks.org/events?calendar=bookstoreCafe |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=Housing Works |language=en-us}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru sun fito ne daga lokacin labarin da kuma raira waƙa-tsawon lokaci ga jarirai, ƙungiyar littafi mai matsakaicin matsayi, ba da labari, nunawa, maganganun masu fafutuka, wasan kwaikwayo, kiɗa, da wasan kwaikwayo (masu zane-zane sun haɗa da Iron da Wine, Bjork, The Black Keys, Conor Oberst, da sauransu), da kuma abubuwan da yawa na wallafe-wallafen da ke murna da marubuta da sabon baiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-19 |title=Face to Face: Middle Readers Book Group (8-12) |url=https://www.housingworks.org/events/face-to-face-middle-readers-book-group-8-12-1 |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=Housing Works |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-19 |title=Live From Home with Iron & Wine |url=https://www.housingworks.org/events/ironandwine |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=Housing Works |language=en-us}}</ref> Wurin yana karɓar bakuncin sau biyu a wata na The Moth StorySLAM . Cafe da mashaya suna sayar da abinci, abin sha mai zafi da sanyi, kuma suna da lasisi don sayar da barasa. An nuna sararin samaniya a fina-finai da yawa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a talabijin, kwanan nan Law & Order SVU . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Shaguna masu tsada === [[Fayil:Housing_Works_thrift_shop_Broadway_2024_jeh.jpg|thumb|Kasuwancin waje na Upper West Side a cikin 2024]] Ayyukan Gidaje sananne ne ga New Yorkers saboda sarkar manyan shagunan sayar da kayayyaki. Jaridar New York Times ta ambaci shagunan a cikin sake dubawa na makwabta. Shagon Kasuwancin Gidaje yana nuna a cikin Seinfeld episode 173, "Kantinan Littattafai". An tilasta wa George ya sayi littafi daga kantin sayar da littattafai na Brentano saboda ya ɗauke shi a ɗakin wanka. Sai ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba da ita ga Housing Works Thrift Shop kuma ya ce an rubuta harajin $200 amma magatakarda a kantin sayar da kayayyaki ya kasance yana aiki da Brentano don haka ta gane cewa littafin yana cikin gidan wanka kuma ta fitar da shi daga kantin. === Gidan magani na Cannabis === Ayyukan Gidaje sun buɗe ɗakin shakatawa na farko na doka a Birnin New York da Jihar New York a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2022, tare da kuɗin da ake samu na ayyukan Gidajen 'babban manufa don yaƙar rashin gida da AIDS.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Housing Works Cannabis Co |url=https://hwcannabis.co/about-us/ |access-date=2023-03-26 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Masu sharhi da 'yan majalisa sun yi tambaya kan ingancin rashin matsuguni da kuma rigakafin cutar kanjamau da ke ba da tallafin ayyukanta ta hanyar sayar da magunguna. Ayyukan Gidaje suma sun zama wurin shakatawa na farko a New York don ba da isar da samfuran cannabis a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Legal marijuana delivery arrives in NYC |url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/manhattan/politics/2023/03/17/legal-marijuana-delivery-arrives-in-nyc}}</ref> === Taimako daga girgizar kasa ta Haiti === A farkon shekara ta 2010, Housing Works ya shiga cikin samar da taimako ga wadanda Girgizar kasa ta Haiti ta shafa, musamman wadanda ke fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS, ta hanyar sake gina asibitocin kiwon lafiya guda uku.<ref name="Ponytail">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ben |date=February 4, 2010 |title=Warren bids on ponytail |url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/ben-smith/2010/02/warren-bids-on-ponytail-024847 |access-date=February 23, 2010 |website=[[Politico (newspaper)|Politico]]}}</ref><ref name="Ontop">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2010 |title=Delta Helps HIV/AIDS Haiti Relief Workers |url=http://ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=5210&MediaType=1&Category=23 |access-date=February 23, 2010 |website=On Top Magazine |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206005836/http://www.ontopmag.com/article.aspx?id=5210&MediaType=1&Category=23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shugaba na Ayyukan Gidaje Charles King ya sayar da wutsiyar doki ta kasuwanci, kuma daya daga cikin masu siyarwa shine mai wa'azin bishara Rick Warren. <ref name="Ponytail" /> <ref name="PostAP" /> Lokacin da aka tilasta ma'aikatan agaji na Housing Works su "barka takwas a kan jaka cike da kayan agaji" saboda kudade masu yawa, Delta Air Lines sun amince da aika kayan kyauta.<ref name="Ontop" /> === Gudanarwa === [[Fayil:PEPFAR_State_Department_protest_09.jpg|thumb|Masu zanga-zangar Housing Works suna toshe titin a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], a watan Fabrairun 2024]] Ayyukan Gidaje suna da hannu wajen ba da shawara don sake fasalin kiwon lafiya da gidaje masu araha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scholl |first=Diana |date=February 1, 2010 |title=AIDS Advocates Question Healthcare and Spending Cuts |url=http://blogs.alternet.org/blog/2010/02/01/aids-advocates-question-healthcare-and-spending-cuts |access-date=February 23, 2010 |website=RH Reality Check }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 1994, Housing Works ya nemi masanin gine-gine Alan Wanzenberg don tsara gida mai hawa 36, mai hawa biyar ga mutanen da ba su da gida tare da cutar kanjamau ko HIV. A cikin Oktoba 2019, Ayyukan Gidaje sun shirya zanga-zanga a wajen Kotun Koli don nuna goyon baya ga 'yancin jama'a na LGBTQ, wanda ya haifar da kama masu fafutuka sama da 100.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Slisco |first=Aila |date=October 8, 2019 |title=More Than 100 Protesters Arrested |url=https://www.newsweek.com/more-100-protestors-arrested-supreme-court-hears-lgbtq-rights-cases-1463996 |website=Newsweek}}</ref> == Rashin jituwa == === Kashewar Tarayyar Tarayya === A ƙarshen 2019 zuwa 2020, jagorancin Ayyukan Gidaje ya fara shiga cikin abin da yawancin shugabannin ci gaba da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago ke rarraba a matsayin faɗuwar ƙungiyar bayan da ma'aikatan suka fara ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata don magance batutuwa da yawa (kamar amincin wurin aiki, fa'idodi, da ƙarancin albashin rayuwa ga ma'aikata da yawa yayin da wasu daga cikin shugabannin ƙungiyar ke karɓar ingantaccen sabis na ma'aikata da kuma samar da ingantaccen albashi ga ma'aikatansu).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liebson |first=Rebecca |date=October 29, 2019 |title=Housing Works Is Cast in Unusual Role: Corporate Overlord |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/29/nyregion/union-housing-works-nyc.html |access-date=December 1, 2019 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Duk da ikirarin da suka yi cewa ba masu adawa da kungiyar ba ne, Housing Works ya ci gaba da rike wani sanannen kamfanin "busting" Seyfarth Shaw LLP, "wanda ke alfahari da kiyaye wuraren aiki ba tare da kungiyar ba, a cewar gidan yanar gizon sa, kuma yana da tarihin shari'o'in da suka hada da yin aiki da 1960s na mai fafutukar aikin gona Cesar Chavez da kuma kare fim din Harvey da'awar cin zarafi."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duggan |first=Kevin |date=November 5, 2019 |title=Politicians call out Housing Works for trying to halt employee unionization |url=https://www.brooklynpaper.com/politicians-call-out-housing-works-ceo-for-trying-to-halt-employee-unionization/ |access-date=December 1, 2019 |website=Brooklyn Paper}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Nazarin Halitta na Mata * Yi aiki * Rhonda Roland Shearer == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.housingworks.org}} fxatw9y93k8udu4djdx5qngsv6wsuqv 0 121318 839141 771790 2026-05-22T20:39:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Aṣa''''' album ɗin studio ne mai taken kansa na halarta na farko ta mawakiyar [[Faransa]]-[[Najeriya|Nijeriya]] Aṣa . An fara fito da shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2007, ta hanyar lakabin rikodin Naïve Records mai zaman kansa. A cikin 2008, an samar da kundi na jiki da na dijital a cikin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] da ko'ina cikin Turai. Cobhams Asuquo ne suka samar da Aṣa gabaɗaya kuma Rodolphe Plisson da Jean-Pierre Chalbos ne suka kware. An yi rikodi a cikin Turanci da Yarbanci, albam ɗin ya haɗu da indie pop, ruhu, jazz, reggae, jama'a, da R&B . Ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi guda goma kuma waƙoƙin "Wuta a kan Dutse" da "Jailer" ke tallafawa. ''Aṣa'' ya lashe Kundin Na Shekara a The Headies 2008 kuma an ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun kundi a Prix Constantin na 2008. ''Aṣa'' ya sayar da kwafi 400,000 a duk duniya kuma ya kasance a matsayi na takwas a jerin ''Pulse Nigeria'' {{'}} "manyan kundi na farko na Najeriya 10 na shekaru 20 da suka gabata". An tsara shi a Faransa, Switzerland, Belgium, da Jamus a lambobi 15, 65, 81, da 95, bi da bi. A cikin Amurka, kundin ya haura zuwa lamba uku akan ginshiƙi na Albums na Duniya kuma a 32 akan ginshiƙi na Albums masu zafi . == Fage da takaddamar kwangila == A tsakiyar 2000s, Aṣa ta kulla yarjejeniya da Tambaya Mark Entertainment, lakabin rikodin da Kevin Lucciano-Gabriel ya kafa. <ref name="The Guardian 3">{{Cite web |last=Chiagoziem Onyekwena |date=21 October 2017 |title=Nigeria: 10 Years Later, Revisiting Asa's Declaration of Freedom |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201710230072.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024003259/https://allafrica.com/stories/201710230072.html |archive-date=24 October 2017 |access-date=26 November 2025 |website=allAfrica |publisher=The Guardian |url-status=live }}</ref> A cikin 2006, ta bar lakabin a cikin hanyar da ta dace kuma ta yi zargin cewa masu gudanarwa na lakabi suna ƙoƙari su sanya mata hannu zuwa kwangilar kasa da kasa ba tare da izininta ba. <ref name="The Guardian 3" /> An gayyaci Aṣa zuwa Faransa don zama mai fasaha bayan barin Tambayar Tambaya, kuma ya sadu da alamun rikodin biyar kafin ya shiga tare da Naïve Records . <ref name="ModernGhana">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2008 |title=I'm Not A Demanding Lover.......Asa |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/3422/im-not-a-demanding-loverasa.html |access-date=26 November 2025 |publisher=ModernGhana}}</ref> <ref name="Pulse Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Jonathan |date=30 April 2017 |title=The touching story of how singer got her first recording deal in France |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/asa-the-touching-story-of-how-singer-got-her-first-recording-deal-in-france-2024080212071242749 |access-date=26 November 2025 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kafin yin yarjejeniyar rikodin ta tare da lakabin, ta duba wasan gig da ta gani a cikin wani talla. <ref name="Pulse Nigeria" /> Aṣa ya fitar da waƙar "Jailer" bayan ya sanya hannu tare da Naïve Records. <ref name="The Guardian 3" /> Domin ramuwar gayya kan tafiyarta, Markus ta tambaya ta fitar da wani nau'in waƙar, tare da wasu waƙoƙin da ta yi. <ref name="The Nigerian Voice">{{Cite web |last=Tony Erhariefe |date=17 March 2012 |title=Ghost of the past stalks Asa, Question Mark |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/85388/ghost-of-the-past-stalks-asa-question-mark.html |access-date=26 November 2025 |publisher=The Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Har ila yau, alamar ta fito da kundi mai suna ''Down for Me'' a cikin 2012, fiye da shekara guda bayan fitowar ''Kyawawan Rashin Ciki'' (2010). <ref name="The Nigerian Voice" /> A cikin sanarwar manema labarai, mawakiyar da jami'anta sun gargadi mabiyanta da kada su sayi rikodin kuma sun kira lakabin "aikin zamba". <ref name="The Nigerian Voice" /> Aṣa ta yi rikodin waƙoƙin da suka yi ''nisa'' yayin da har yanzu tana kan sa hannu ga Alamar Tambaya. <ref name="The Nigerian Voice" /> Tambarin ya yanke shawarar fitar da albam din ne saboda suna tunanin Aṣa ta yi suna kuma tana son dawo da kudaden da suka saka a cikin sana'arta. <ref name="The Nigerian Voice" /> Cobhams Asuquo ne suka samar da ''Aṣa'' gabaɗaya kuma Rodolphe Plisson da Jean-Pierre Chalbos ne suka kware. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abiola |date=20 January 2017 |title=Producer set to release debut album titled 'For you' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/cobhams-asuquo-producer-set-to-release-debut-album-titled-for-you-2024080222343089168 |access-date=26 November 2025 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |last=Tim Nelson |date=2008 |title=Asa Asa Review |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/68p2/ |access-date=21 November 2025 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Manajanta Janet Nwose ce ta fara gabatar da mawakiyar ga Asuquo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shalom Tewobola |last2=Patrick Ezema |title=Asa: Music, Femininity, and Defying Expectations |url=https://culturecustodian.com/asa-music-femininity-and-defying-expectations/ |access-date=26 November 2025 |publisher=Culture Custodian}}</ref> Zane -zanen bangon faifan hoton hoton Aṣa ne guda ɗaya tare da rufe idanunta, wanda aka kama a tsakiyar rawa. <ref name="The Native 3">{{Cite web |date=17 September 2017 |title=50 shades of Aṣa: Documenting the years since she set fire to the mountain |url=https://thenativemag.com/loved-asa-10-years/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Native}}</ref> An nuna ta a kan murfin tana ba da ƙwanƙwalwa kuma sanye da gilashin biyu. <ref name="The Native 3" /> Kundin yana bincika jigogi na ƙarfin mutum, hankali, hikima, da tawaye. <ref name="MotorBar">{{Cite web |title=Asa Beautiful Imperfection [album] Jailer [single] Fire On The Mountain [single] Asa [album] |url=http://www.motorbar.co.uk/cd_asa.htm |access-date=26 November 2025 |publisher=MotorBar}}</ref> == Saki da haɓakawa == An fara fitar da ''Aṣa'' a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2007, ta hanyar lakabin rikodin mai zaman kansa Naïve Records. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2007 |title=Asa (Asha) - Album by Aṣa |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6vX5WrYQrPDCJ3FTbeco3E |access-date=27 November 2025 |publisher=Spotify}}</ref> <ref name="Pulse Nigeria"/> Sakinsa na zahiri da na dijital a cikin Burtaniya da sauran Turai sun biyo baya a cikin 2008. <ref name="MotorBar"/> Daga baya an gabatar da kundi a kasuwar Amurka a cikin Janairu 2009. <ref name="Consequence">{{Cite web |last=Alex Young |date=16 February 2009 |title=Album Review: Asa – Asa |url=https://consequence.net/2009/02/album-review-asa-asa/ |access-date=19 November 2025 |publisher=Consequence}}</ref> Kafofin watsa labarai da yawa sun yi hira da Aṣa yayin tallata kundin a Burtaniya. <ref name="MotorBar" /> Wasu daga cikin kantunan da suka yi hira da ita sun hada da ''Echoes the Voice'', ''Mujallar Pride'', ''[[The Guardian]]'', da kuma ''Makon Waka'' . <ref name="MotorBar" /> Ta yi fitowar talabijin a ''Daga baya ...'' ''tare da Jools Holland'' a cikin Fabrairu 2008, kuma an jera ta a kan BBC Radio 2 da BBC Radio 1Xtra . <ref name="MotorBar" /> A cikin Mayu 2008, ta yi wasa a London's O2 Academy Islington da Manchester's Club Academy . <ref name="MotorBar" /> Bugu da ƙari, an sanar da ita a matsayin jakadiyar MTV a Afirka kuma ta buɗe wa [[Akon]], John Legend, [[Beyoncé|Beyonce]], da [[Snoop Dogg]] . <ref name="The Guardian 2">{{Cite web |last=Paul Lester |date=7 December 2007 |title=No 243: Asa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/dec/07/popandrock11 |access-date=22 November 2025 |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> ''Aṣa'' ya sami goyan bayan wani tsawaita yawon shakatawa wanda ya haɗa da tasha a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Afirka, da Japan. <ref name="MotorBar" /> A ranakun 14 da 15 ga Yuni 2008, mawaƙin da ƙungiyarta sun yi wasan kwaikwayo biyu a [[Tsibirin Victoria, Lagos|Victoria Island, Legas]] . <ref name="Vanguard">{{Cite web |last=Ogbonna Amadi |date=7 June 2008 |title=Nigeria: Asa Storms Naija for Exclusive Concerts |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200806090375.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612184047/https://allafrica.com/stories/200806090375.html |archive-date=12 June 2008 |access-date=27 November 2025 |website=allAfrica |publisher=Vanguard |url-status=live }}</ref> An gudanar da wasan kide-kide na farko a babban dakin taro na Civic Centre, yayin da aka gudanar da na biyu a Cibiyar Expo. <ref name="Vanguard" /> Dukansu kide-kide sun nuna wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Aṣa a Najeriya tun lokacin da ya sanya hannu tare da Naïve Records da Dramatico a cikin 2007. <ref name="Vanguard" /> Asuquo ya fito da fitowar wasan kwaikwayo a duka kide kide da wake-wake, yana yin cikakken tsari akan babban piano. <ref name="Vanguard" /> MintMaker Management da Babban Talabijin ne suka shirya wasannin kide-kide. <ref name="Vanguard" /> Kundin jagorar guda, "Wuta a kan Dutse", an sake shi a Burtaniya a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2008 kuma an buga shi a gidan rediyon BBC 2 . <ref name="MotorBar"/> <ref name="The Native 3"/> Bidiyon kiɗan da ke rakiyar don waƙar yana nuna hotuna masu motsa rai na ɗan adam daskararre a aikace; Ana iya ganin Aṣa a cikin bidiyo yana kunna gita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peace Akinyode |date=19 July 2022 |title=Tweeps hail Asa’s performance at NNPC unveiling |url=https://punchng.com/tweeps-hail-asas-performance-at-nnpc-unveiling/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Punch}}</ref> <ref name="The Native 3" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kola King |date=29 July 2022 |title=Asa’s Song: ‘There’s Fire On The Mountain’ – OpEd |url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/29072022-asas-song-theres-fire-on-the-mountain-oped/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=Eurasia Review}}</ref> "wuta a kan dutse" a sake buɗe [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|kamfanin man fetur na Najeriya]], wanda aka shirya a [[Aso Rock Villa]] kuma ya faru a ranar 19 ga Yuli <ref name="MotorBar" /> 472,000 a duniya. <ref name="Billboard">{{Cite web |last=Darlene Aderoju |date=25 February 2022 |title=Nigerian Star Aṣa Talks Welcoming Wizkid, Amaarae & More First-Time Collaborators On New Album ‘V’ |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/asa-nigerian-singer-songwriter-new-album-v-interview-1235035785/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=Billboard}}</ref> Aṣa ta yi nau'ikan sauti na "Wuta akan Dutse" da "Jailer" a 2009 Kudu ta bikin kiɗan Kudu maso Yamma . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robin Hilton |date=1 March 2009 |title=Video: Asa Acoustic Session At SXSW |url=https://www.wyso.org/2009-05-01/video-asa-acoustic-session-at-sxsw |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> == Kiɗa da waƙoƙi == An yi rikodin a cikin Turanci da Yarbanci, ''Aṣa'' cakuda ce ta indie pop, ruhu, jazz, reggae, jama'a, da R&amp;amp;B . <ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite web |last=Wilfred Okiche |date=23 March 2022 |title=The reinvention of Aṣa, Nigeria’s premier soul music diva |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/3/23/the-reinvention-of-a%E1%B9%A3a-nigerias-premier-soul-music-diva |access-date=21 November 2025 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> <ref name="Urban Central">{{Cite web |last=Asa Lahh |date=18 July 2025 |title=Aṣa (2007): An Introspective Odyssey of Humanity |url=https://urbancntrl.co/asa-2007-album-review/ |access-date=22 November 2025 |publisher=Urban Central}}</ref> Kundin yana buɗewa da "Jailer", [[Waƙar zanga-zanga|waƙar zanga-zangar]] game da ƙudirin kai da wayewar siyasa. <ref name="Consequence"/> ''Sakamako'' {{'}} s Alex Young ya yaba wa rubutun Aṣa kuma ya ce waƙar tana magana game da bautar a cikin siffa. <ref name="Consequence" /> "360" ana yin ta ta hanyar gitar mai sauti . <ref name="Album Talks">{{Cite web |last=T.J. Martins |date=20 October 2022 |title=Asa’s ‘Asha’ Is An Introspective Odyssey of Humanity |url=https://albumtalks.com/asas-asha-is-an-introspective-odyssey-of-humanity/ |access-date=27 November 2025 |publisher=Album Talks}}</ref> A cikin rikodin, Aṣa yana ba masu sauraro shawarar su bincika ciki don amsoshin da suke nema kuma su daina kewayawa. <ref name="Album Talks" /> Waƙar soyayya mai suna "Bibanke" tana ɗauke da waƙoƙin piano da riffs na guitar; yana binciko jigogin bakin ciki da ɓacin rai. <ref name="Album Talks" /> Mawallafin waƙa Bomi Anifowose ya yaba wa muryar mawakin a kan waƙar kuma ya ce "yana narkewa cikin waƙar kamar hawaye a shafin jarida". <ref name="Urban Central" /> <ref name="The Upper Entertainment">{{Cite web |last=Bomi Anifowose |date=16 January 2025 |title=Jailer’s Anthem: How Asa’s Debut Album Set Us Free |url=https://theupperent.com/2025/01/16/jailers-anthem-how-asa-debut-album-set-us-free/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Upper Entertainment}}</ref> Aṣa ta lashe Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Murya (Mace) a The Headies 2008 don "Bibanke". <ref name="Urban Central" /> "Titin jirgin karkashin kasa" yana nuni da darussan da Aṣa ta koya daga mahaifiyarta. <ref name="The Native 4">{{Cite web |last=Dennis Ade Peter |date=1 March 2024 |title=How Asa has explored romance and relationships over the years |url=https://thenativemag.com/how-asa-has-explored-romance-and-relationships-over-the-years/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Native}}</ref> "Wuta a kan Dutse" waƙa ce da ke da alaƙa da siyasa wacce ake kunna ta ta hanyar rashin ƙarfi. <ref name="MotorBar"/> Yana da fasalin "daidaitawar waya da shirye-shiryen kyalkyali". <ref name="BBC" /> A cikin rikodin, Aṣa tana magance matsalolin al'umma kamar su yara mata, al'adun fyade, [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]], da lu'u-lu'u na jini . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Damilola Animashaun |date=3 March 2020 |title=The Shuffle: Asa’s “Fire On The Mountain” reflects the world we’re living in today |url=https://thenativemag.com/shuffle-asas-fire-mountain-reflects-world-living-today/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=The Native}}</ref> An kwatanta waƙar da Young Rascals ' guda ɗaya " Groovin" ", kuma ya ƙunshi hoto mai ban tsoro wanda aka kwatanta da waƙoƙi kamar "akwai wuta a kan dutse kuma babu wanda ya yi kama da gudu". <ref name="The Guardian 2"/> <ref name="Consequence"/> "Eye Adaba" (Yoruba: "Dove"), ballad da aka rubuta gaba ɗaya a cikin Yarbanci, an soki shi saboda "magoya bayan ƙungiyar makada sun mamaye shi". <ref name="BBC"/> Sabanin haka, ''PopDose'' {{'}} Jeff Giles ya ce "Lokaci mafi haske na Aṣa yana kwance" akan waƙar. <ref name="PopDose">{{Cite web |last=Jeff Giles |date=28 January 2009 |title=CD Review: Asa, “Asa” |url=https://popdose.com/cd-review-asa-asa/ |access-date=19 November 2025 |publisher=PopDose}}</ref> ''BellaNaija'' {{'}} s Gbenga Awomodu ya lakafta waƙar a matsayin "addu'a mai girma, mai cike da bege da kuma fatan samun zaman lafiya". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gbenga Awomodu |date=26 October 2011 |title=Random Thoughts from Asa’s “Eye Adaba” |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/10/random-thoughts-from-asa%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Ceye-adaba%E2%80%9D/ |access-date=23 November 2025 |publisher=BellaNaija}}</ref> A cikin "Babu wanda ya sani", Aṣa ta bukaci masu sauraro su ji daɗin halin yanzu domin gobe ba za a iya faɗi ba. <ref name="Album Talks"/> "Awe", wanda aka rera gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Yarbanci, ya ba da labarin wani mutum da ya yi mummunar dangantaka da wata mace da ba kamarsa ba. <ref name="Album Talks" /> Mawakin kida TJ Martins ya kira shi "waƙar da aka rubuta mafi kyau akan kundin" kuma ya yaba da labarunsa, ma'anarsa, da abubuwan da suka shafi labari. <ref name="Album Talks" /> Dennis Peter {{'}} ''ƙasar'' ya ce waƙar ta dace da telenovela . <ref name="The Native 4"/> A cikin "Peace", Aṣa tana waƙa game da juriya kuma tana ƙarfafa masu sauraro su ci gaba duk da kalubale. <ref name="Album Talks" /> Kundin yana rufe da "So Beautiful", waƙar da ta rubuta don godiya ga mahaifiyarta. <ref name="Urban Central"/> == Mahimman liyafar == {{Album ratings|align=right|rev1=''[[The Guardian]]''|rev1Score={{rating|3|5}}|rev2=''[[PopMatters]]''|rev2Score=6/10}}''Aṣa'' ya sami tabbataccen bita gabaɗaya daga masu sukar kiɗan . Wani mai ba da gudummawar ''Nishaɗi na Najeriya a yau'' ya kira albam ɗin “fitaccen abu” kuma ya yaba da rubutun waƙa da tsarawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=A review of Asa’s self-titled album, ‘Asa’ |url=https://thenet.ng/asa-self-titled-album-review/ |access-date=21 November 2025 |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> ''Sakamako'' {{'}} s Alex Young ya yaba wa kundin don nuna "ƙwararren fasaha" kuma ya ce ƙarfin Aṣa "ya kasance cikin ikon sarrafa batutuwa masu tsauri cikin sauƙi ba tare da yin haske da su ba". <ref name="Consequence"/> A cikin bita don Urban Central, Asa Lahh yana ɗaukar kundi a matsayin "blueprint for Afro-soul storytelling, da kuma tushen ta'aziyya ga masu sauraro da ke neman zurfafa a cikin duniyar wakoki mara zurfi". <ref name="Urban Central"/> Mawallafin kiɗan Bomi Anifowose, wanda Upper Entertainment ya buga sharhinsa, ya kira ''Aṣa'' a matsayin "babban aikin" da " shela ta 'yanci". <ref name="The Upper Entertainment"/> Anifowose ta kuma yaba wa mawakiyar saboda ta 'yantar da kanta - da masu sauraronta - daga gidajen yarin da ba su dace ba, ko-in-kula, da tsaka-tsaki. <ref name="The Upper Entertainment" /> ''PopDose'' {{'}} Jeff Giles ya ce duk da waƙoƙin kundin ba su cika "a kan alkawarinsu ba, suna ba da bege cewa ƙoƙarin nan gaba zai zo kusa da bullseye". <ref name="PopDose"/> ''[[The Guardian]]'' {{'}} Robin Denselow ya ba da kundin faifan 3 taurari daga cikin 5, yana yabon muryar Aṣa yayin da yake kunna aikin a lokaci guda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robin Denselow |date=14 February 2008 |title=Asa, Asa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/feb/15/worldmusic.shopping |access-date=19 November 2025 |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> Yin bita don ''PopMatters'', Deanne Sole ya ƙididdige kundi na 6 cikin 10, yana kwatanta shi da dutsen da "yana da haske a gare shi". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deanne Sole |date=9 March 2009 |title=Asa: Asa (Asha) |url=https://www.popmatters.com/70195-asa-asa-asha-2496062471.html |access-date=19 November 2025 |publisher=PopMatters}}</ref> A cikin wani ɗan bita mai ƙaranci ga [[BBC]], Tim Nelson ya yarda da Aṣa don kasancewarsa ƙwararren mawaƙi ne, amma ya ƙare yana cewa yana son ta "ta rabu da mugun halinta, ta yi watsi da waƙar siren-ciniki, kuma ta yi rayuwa daidai da maganganunta". <ref name="BBC"/> ''Aṣa'' ya lashe Kundin Na Shekara a The Headies 2008 kuma an ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun kundi a Prix Constantin na 2008. <ref name="Urban Central"/> <ref name="Al Jazeera"/> Ya kasance matsayi na takwas akan jerin ''Pulse Nigeria'' {{'}} "manyan kundi na farko na Najeriya 10 na shekaru 20 da suka gabata". <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Motolani Alake]] |date=17 March 2020 |title=Here are the top 10 Nigerian debut albums of the past 20 years |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/music/wizkid-asa-timaya-mi-abaga-and-the-top-10-nigerian-debut-albums-over-the-past-20-2024081622295895987 |access-date=22 November 2025 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> === Yabo === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara ! style="width:150px;" | Bikin kyaututtuka ! style="width:220px;" | Bayanin lambar yabo ! style="width:230px;" | Mai karɓa ! style="width:75px;" | Sakamako ! style="width:15px;" | Ref. |- | rowspan="6" | 2008 | Prix Constantin | Mafi kyawun Album | rowspan="2" | ''Asa''|{{Won}} | <ref name="Al Jazeera"/> |- | rowspan="5" | The Headies | Album na Shekara|{{Won}} | rowspan="5" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2008 |title=The Hip Hop World Awards |url=http://worldhiphopmarket.com/the-hip-hop-world-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212503/http://worldhiphopmarket.com/the-hip-hop-world-awards/ |archive-date=12 March 2014 |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=World Hip Hop Market}}</ref><br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glitz and Flaws of HHWA 2008 |url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055455/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=11 March 2014 |publisher=Modern Ghana}}</ref> |- | Mafi Rikodi na Shekara | "Bibanke"|{{Won}} |- | Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Murya (Mace) | Asha for "Bibanke"|{{Won}} |- | Mawallafin Shekara | Cobhams Asuquo na "Bibanke"|{{Won}} |- | Mafi kyawun Bidiyon Kiɗa | "Wuta a kan Dutse"|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oi5jhsisvs0gab97tk7k3fd73tc0c9g 0 121322 839150 741595 2026-05-22T21:03:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Mahimman liyafar == Bayan fitowar ''Baba Hafusa'' ya samu tarba daban-daban da ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Awarding the album four stars from ''tooXclusive'', Ogaga Sakpaide ya furta, ""Baba Hafusa" yana ganin Reminisce a cikin yankin jin daɗinsa daga kallon waƙoƙi da samarwa." Tola Sarumi of ''notJustOk'' rated the album 5.5 out of 10 saysing that, "ko a matsayin kundi na kasuwanci, ''Baba Hafusa'' baya yin abin da ya isa ya riƙe hankalinka." ''360nobs'' ' Henry Igwe ya kwatanta ''Baba Hafusa'' a matsayin "dogon nunin fina-finai na Rap-Afro Pop fusions" wanda, yayin da kasuwanci ke sha'awa da jajircewa a tsarin fashewar nau'ikansa, a ƙarshe ya kasance "lalalaci" tare da jigogi masu maimaitawa dangane da abubuwan da ba su dace ba da rashin zurfin labari mai tasiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry Igwe |date=13 May 2015 |title=Album Review: Before You Call Reminisce’s “BabaHafusa” The Bomb Here Are Its Lapses |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/05/album-review-before-you-call-reminisces-babahafusa-the-bomb-here-are-its-lapses/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622100447/http://www.360nobs.com/2015/05/album-review-before-you-call-reminisces-babahafusa-the-bomb-here-are-its-lapses/ |archive-date=22 June 2015 |access-date=12 January 2025 |publisher=360nobs}}</ref> === Yabo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Bikin bayar da kyaututtuka ! Bayanin lambar yabo ! Sakamako |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | [[Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya ta 2015|Nigeria Entertainment Awards]] | Album na Shekara|| {{Nom}}<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.okayafrica.com/news/nigeria-entertainment-awards-nominees-2015/ | title=The Nigeria Entertainment Awards Announce 2015 Nominees | publisher=[[OkayAfrica]] | author=Danielle ONeill | date=15 June 2015 | access-date=28 November 2025 | archive-date=3 June 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603215407/http://www.okayafrica.com/news/nigeria-entertainment-awards-nominees-2015/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | The Headies | Mafi kyawun Album Rap|| {{Nom}}<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.36ng.com.ng/2015/09/30/the-headies-awards-2015-full-nominees-list/ | title=The Headies Awards 2015- Full Nominees List | publisher=36NG | author=Shayo Adeleke | date=30 September 2015 | accessdate=10 November 2015 | archive-date=21 January 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121091847/http://www.36ng.com.ng/2015/09/30/the-headies-awards-2015-full-nominees-list/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Ayyukan kasuwanci == A ranar 18 ga Mayu, 2015, ''Baba Hafusa'' ya tashi zuwa matsayi na 12 a kan Billboard World Music Charts bayan da ya ci gaba da sayar da albam na iTunes sama da mako guda kasa da awanni 24 bayan fitowar sa. == Waƙa da jeri ==   == Tarihin sakewa == {| class="wikitable" !Ƙasa/Dandali na dijital ! Kwanan wata ! Sigar ! Tsarin ! Lakabi |- | | Afrilu 30, 2015 | rowspan="2" | Daidaitawa | | rowspan="2" | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lp4e96pgoyn2msefmddc8r9e24rmhq7 0 121795 839148 741370 2026-05-22T20:49:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} BBC Africa Eye reshe ne na bincike na BBC World Service . Yana da cibiyar sadarwa ta 'yan jarida da masu bincike da ke aiki a duk faɗin Afirka kuma yana samar da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na mako-mako da kuma binciken kan layi da aka watsa a Turanci, Hausa, Swahili da Faransanci. Jerin yana mai da hankali kan batutuwan da ke da sha'awa da damuwa ga matasa da masu sauraro marasa kulawa kuma suna da niyyar ƙarfafawa da ƙarfafa aikin jarida na bincike a duk faɗin Afirka. BBC Africa Eye ta samar da shirye-shiryen bincike na jarida sama da 100 a kasashe kamar [[Najeriya]], [[Kenya]], [[Ghana]], [[Kamaru]], [[Uganda]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] waɗanda suka lashe kyaututtuka da yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ayyukan suna daga minti goma zuwa kusan awa ɗaya, kuma sun haɗa da bincike mai zurfi na ɓoye da kuma Binciken jarida na budewa. An yaba da ɗaukar hoto na BBC Africa Eye tare da maido da bangaskiyar masu sauraron Najeriya a kafofin watsa labarai na Yamma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nwakpu |first=Ekwutosi Sanita |date=August 23, 2022 |title=BBC Africa Eye and changing perceptions of Western media among Nigerian audiences |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17496020221121441 |journal=Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=385–391 |doi=10.1177/17496020221121441 |issn= |s2cid=251791601 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Koyaya, masu bincike sun yi tambaya game da yadda shirye-shiryen suka zama tashi daga yadda kafofin watsa labarai na Yammacin Turai ke ɗaukar hoto game da Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Atuire |first=Caesar A. |last2=Addison |first2=Grace |last3=Owusu |first3=Samuel Asiedu |last4=Kingori |first4=Patricia |date=2021-07-03 |title="Covid Cure (1)": Anas's Investigative Journalism and the Ethics of Uncovering Fakes in African Spaces |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2021.1940887 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |language=en |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=312–319 |doi=10.1080/13696815.2021.1940887 |issn=1369-6815 |s2cid=237576133 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}} == Tarihi == An kafa Africa Eye a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018 a matsayin wani ɓangare na fadada mafi girma na BBC World Service tun daga shekarun 1940. Nisha Kapur, Edita na Kwamishinan talabijin ya ce: "Africa Eye za ta inganta al'adun aikin jarida na bincike a duk faɗin Afirka da kuma karfafa ƙwarewar 'yan jarida masu bincike na Afirka. Dukkanin shirye-shiryen za su dogara ne akan rahoto mai zurfi wanda ke da iko a lissafi. Za su magance batutuwan da ke da matukar sha'awa da damuwa ga masu sauraro a Afirka. Wadannan rahotanni za a cikin sabon salon zamani wanda ke da ke da sautin matasa masu sauraro. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC launches Africa Eye - a new TV investigations strand for Africa |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2018/africa-eye |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Shirin farko na jerin ya kasance hadin gwiwa tsakanin Africa Eye da BBC Pidgin, mai taken Sweet Sweet codeine . Shirin ya biyo bayan binciken da 'yan jaridar Najeriya [[Ruona J. Meyer|Ruona Meyer]] da Adejuwon Soyinka suka yi, wanda ya nuna yaduwar amfani da maganin tari da aka haɗa da maganin opioid, codeine. Kasa da sa'o'i 24 bayan da aka saki shirin, gwamnatin Najeriya ta haramta shigo da kuma kera syrup na codeine. An zabi fim din don Emmy na Duniya kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta One World Media TV Documentary Award 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choppen |first=Chloe |date=January 17, 2020 |title=Spotlight Series: Sweet Sweet Codeine |url=https://oneworldmedia.org.uk/latest/spotlight-series-sweet-sweet-codeine/ |access-date=December 10, 2023 |website=One World Media}}</ref> === Shahararren budewa === Binciken hotunan daga watan Yunin 2018 ya fallasa sojoji na Kamaru da ke cinye gidajen farar hula a Yankin Kudu maso Yamma, yankin da aka hana 'yan jarida damar shiga a kokarin hana ɗaukar hoto game da rikicin Anglophone. BBC Africa Eye ta yi amfani da bidiyo sama da 300 da aka harbe a wayar masu zanga-zangar a [[Kisan Kiyashin Khartoum|Kisan kiyashi na Khartoum]] a ranar 3 ga Yuni 2019 a Sudan don bayar da rahoto game da kisan sama da mutane 100. Shirin, Sudan's Livestream Massacre, ya fallasa Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, wanda a baya ya jagoranci sanannen mayakan [[Janjaweed]] da gwamnati ke tallafawa, kamar yadda ya ba da umarnin kisan kiyashi. A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Libya, BBC Africa Eye da BBC Arabic Documentaries sun bayyana cewa wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] (UAE) ke sarrafawa ya kashe matasa 26 a makarantar soja a [[Tripoli]], a ranar 4 ga Janairu. Yawancin cadets matasa ne kuma babu wani daga cikinsu da ke dauke da makamai. Jirgin saman Wing Loong II da aka yi da kasar Sin ya harbe makami mai linzami na Blue Arrow 7, wanda aka yi amfani da shi daga sansanin jirgin saman Al-Khadim na Libya. A watan Fabrairu, an tura wadannan drones da aka ajiye a Libya zuwa wani sansanin jirgin sama kusa da Siwa a yammacin hamadar Masar. Daga baya, ''[[The Guardian]]'' ta bincika kuma ta gano keta dokar hana makamai ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] da [[Turkiyya]] a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2020. A watan Afrilu, 2021, BBC Africa Eye, tare da hadin gwiwar Bellingcat da Newsy sun tabbatar da sahihancin hotunan kisan kiyashin Mahbere Dego a Tigray, shaidar laifukan yaki a cikin Yakin Tigray. === Karɓar baƙi === ==== ''Codeine mai dadi'' ==== Sweet Sweet Codeine (an fara shi a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 2018) shi ne shirin farko na BBC Africa Eye. Ya bayyana yaduwar amfani da maganin tari da aka yi amfani da shi tare da maganin opioid, codeine. Gwamnatin Najeriya a baya ta kiyasta fiye da kwalabe miliyan uku na codeine syrup ana cinye su kowace rana a jihohi biyu kawai. Wadannan syrups na iya haifar da gazawar gabobin idan aka yi amfani da su da yawa. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta haramta shigo da kuma kera syrup na codeine a cikin sa'o'i 24 na firaministan shirin. Daga baya, gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya ta tuno da kwalabe sama da miliyan 2.4 na maganin tari daga kasuwa kuma [[Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Kasa]] ta kai hari kamfanoni hudu na magunguna, an kama dillalai da yawa, kuma Hukumar Kulawa da Dokar Magunguna ta Najeriya ta ba da albarkatu don hana smuggling. Bayan fitowar shirin, Majalisar Pharmacy ta Ghana ta kaddamar da bincike game da cin zarafin codeine da wani maganin ciwo, [[Tramadol]], kuma a watan Yunin 2018, a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake dubawa na Manufofin Magunguna na Kasa, [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya (Ghana)|Ministan Lafiya]] [[Kwaku Agyemang-Manu]] ya haramta duk samarwa da shigo da syrup na codeine. Wani rahoto na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na 2021 game da fataucin magunguna a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] ya gano haramcin da ya biyo bayan watsa shirye-shiryen Sweet Sweet Codeine ya hana duka buƙata da wadatar magungunan da ke cikin codeine. Koyaya, [[Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Magunguna da Laifuka]] ya lura cewa haramcin wani lokacin ba shi da goyon bayan gudanarwa, tare da matakan tilasta aiki kuma an raunana su ta hanyar rashin ingancin kula da iyaka. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da karuwar farashin syrup ya hana masu amfani da yawa, ya kuma sanya safarar magungunan codeine ya fi samun riba.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2021 |title=At the Crossroads of Licit and Illicit: Tramadol and other pharmaceutical opioids trafficking in West Africa |url=https://www.unodc.org/documents/nigeria/Tramadol_Trafficking_in_West_Africa.pdf |journal=[[United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime]] |type=Report |pages=13}}</ref> Sweet Sweet Codeine shi ne karo na farko da aka zabi fim din Najeriya da kuma samar da BBC World Service don Emmy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2019 |title=2019 International Emmy Awards Nominees For News & Current Affairs Announced |url=https://www.iemmys.tv/2019-international-emmy-awards-nominees-for-news-current-affairs-announced/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=International Emmy Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Sauran shirye-shirye ==== Dan jaridar Ghana mai bincike [[Anas Aremeyaw Anas]] ya ɓoye fim din bincikensa na lamba 12, wanda aka fara bugawa a watan Yunin, 2018 a ƙarƙashin taken Betraying The Game a matsayin wani ɓangare na BBC Africa Eye, wanda ya ba da tallafin fasaha don binciken kuma ya sami damar nuna shi ga masu sauraro na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-07 |title=BBC version of Anas' 'Number 12' airs |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/BBC-version-of-Anas-Number-12-airs-658434 |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Appiah |first=Samuel Ekow Amoasi |date=June 5, 2018 |title=BBC Releases Teaser Of Anas "Number 12" Exposé |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/859119/bbc-releases-teaser-of-anas-number-12-expos.html |access-date=December 10, 2023 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Shugaban kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ghana, Kwesi Nyantakyi, an tilasta masa ya yi murabus bayan shirin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Engmann |first=Rachel Ama Asaa |date=5 August 2020 |title=Name, Shame, and Jail: An Interview with Anas Aremeyaw Anas |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0002020620000736/type/journal_article |journal=African Studies Review |language=en |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=E1–E24 |doi=10.1017/asr.2020.73 |issn= |s2cid=225393239 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rehab Nightmare (wanda aka fara a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2018) ya rubuta cibiyoyin farfadowa na Islama a Nairobi, Kenya inda ake azabtar da marasa lafiya, cin zarafi da kuma duka. Ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin da aka nuna a cikin shirin, Cibiyar Darushifa Rehabilitation a Nairobi ta Eastleigh, an rufe shi cikin kwanaki na farko na shirin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamau |first=Richard |date=2018-08-01 |title=Eastleigh Rehab Centre Closed and Perpetrators Arrested After Shocking Expose |url=https://nairobiwire.com/2018/08/eastleigh-rehab-centre-closed-and-perpetrators-arrested-after-shocking-expose.html |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Nairobi Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumomin Kenya sun rufe wasu cibiyoyin da ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma sun kama ma'aikatansu bayan fitowar shirin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yunus |first=Zuhura |date=2019-07-08 |title=Africa Eye, Rehab Nightmares - What Happened Next? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p07gc00d |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=BBC World Service |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Darakta na Binciken Laifuka na Kenya ya ce ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Nairobi, Ayyukan Shige da Fice da Ofishin Darakta mai gabatar da kara don hana ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba na cibiyoyin farfadowa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ombati |first=Cyrus |date=November 2, 2022 |title=Kenya launches fight on illegal rehabilitation centres |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2022/nov/188510/kenya_launches_fight_on_illegal_rehabilitation_centres.aspx |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=www.hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da [[Amnesty International]], Bellingcat da masu sharhi masu zaman kansu a kan Twitter, Anatomy of a Killing (an fara shi a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2018) bincike ne na bude tushen wanda ya fallasa mutanen da ke bayan kisan fararen hula hudu (mata biyu da yara biyu) daga bidiyon kwayar cuta. Wadanda suka aikata laifin sun kasance daga cikin Sojojin Kamaru, kuma an gano mutane uku da suka jawo masu tayar da hankali. An yi wa sojoji bakwai na Kamaru shari'a, biyar aka yanke musu hukunci kuma hudu aka daure su na tsawon shekaru goma saboda kisan fararen hula hudu. Shirin ya lashe Kyautar Peabody . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anatomy of a Killing |url=https://peabodyawards.com/award-profile/anatomy-of-a-killing/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=The Peabody Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin Jima'i don Grades (an fara shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2019) Jaridar bincike ta Najeriya [[Kiki Mordi]] ta fallasa malamai da ke cin zarafin dalibai a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] da [[Jami'ar Ghana]]. Dokta Samuel Oladipo da Dokta Boniface Igbeneghu na Jami'ar Legas, Dokta Ransford Gyampo da Dokita Paul Kwame Butakor na Jami'an Ghana sune malamai da ke da hannu a cikin bidiyon kwayar cuta wanda ya zo tare da fallasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2019 |title=Sex For Marks: BBC Releases Faces Of Lecturers Sexually Harassing Students In UNILAG, Legon |url=https://saharareporters.com/2019/10/07/sex-marks-bbc-releases-faces-lecturers-sexually-harassing-students-unilag-legon |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dike |first=Gabriel |date=8 October 2019 |title=Sex-for-admission: UNILAG suspends another lecturer, Dr Oladipo, caught in BBC video |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/sex-for-admission-unilag-suspends-another-lecturer-dr-oladipo-caught-in-bbc-video/ |access-date=Dec 10, 2023 |website=The Sun Nigeria}}</ref> Bayan fallasa, Gyampo ya yi barazanar kai karar BBC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |date=2019-10-07 |title=#SexForGrades: Ghanaian lecturer threatens to sue |url=https://punchng.com/sexforgrades-ghanaian-lecturer-threatens-to-sue/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Saboda shirin, Jami'ar Legas ta dakatar da Igbeneghu kuma Cocin Bishara na Foursquare ya nemi ya sauka daga fadar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedigba |first=Azeezat |date=7 October 2019 |title=UNILAG suspends Dr Boniface, lecturer caught on video sexually harassing 'admission seeker' |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356361-breaking-unilag-suspends-dr-boniface-lecturer-caught-on-video-sexually-assaulting-admission-seeker.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2019 |title=UNILAG, Foursquare Suspend Lecturer Filmed Demanding Sex From Student |url=https://saharareporters.com/2019/10/07/unilag-foursquare-suspend-lecturer-filmed-demanding-sex-student |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> An kuma dakatar da Oladipo bayan fitowar shirin.<ref name=":1" /> Jami'ar Legas ta rufe "Cold Room" da aka kama a cikin bidiyon inda malamai ke cin zarafin dalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedigba |first=Azeezat |date=October 7, 2019 |title=UPDATED: #SexForGrades: UNILAG shuts down 'Cold Room', where lecturers 'sexually harass' students |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/356410-breaking-sexforgrades-unilag-shuts-down-cold-room-where-lecturers-sexually-harass-students.html |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> Nan da nan bayan fitowar shirin, majalisar dattijai ta Najeriya ta sake gabatar da dokar cin zarafin jima'i kuma an karanta ta a bene na majalisar dattijo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iroanusi |first=QueenEsther |date=October 9, 2019 |title=Senate re-introduces anti-sexual harassment bill |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/356764-senate-re-introduces-anti-sexual-harassment-bill.html |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Yulin 2020, Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya ta zartar da dokar cin zarafin jima'i, yayin da take ba da shawarar shekaru 14 a kurkuku ga masu laifi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iroanusi |first=QueenEsther |date=July 7, 2020 |title=Senate passes anti-sexual harassment bill |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/401609-just-in-senate-passes-anti-sexual-harassment-bill.html |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> Jami'o'in Najeriya sun kara kafa manufofin cin zarafin jima'i, duk da haka, tasirin waɗannan manufofi sun yi tambaya daga malaman da suka lura da rashin zurfin shiga cikin jami'o'i tare da tambayoyin rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Popoola |first=Rosemary Oyinlola |date=2023-07-03 |title=Nigerian Universities' Sexual Harassment Policies: Palliative or Provocative? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2023.2237922 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=254–267 |doi=10.1080/13696815.2023.2237922 |issn=1369-6815 |s2cid=261706678 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An zabi shirin ne don kyautar Emmy ta duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adekanye |first=Modupeoluwa |date=2020-08-18 |title=Kiki Mordi's "BBC Eye: Sex For Grades" Investigation Bags Emmy Nomination |url=https://guardian.ng/life/kiki-mordis-bbc-eye-sex-for-grades-investigation-bags-emmy-nomination/ |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> The Baby Stealers (an fara bugawa a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2020) sun bayyana cewa gwamnati da asibitoci masu zaman kansu sun shiga cikin sata da fataucin jarirai, waɗanda aka karɓa daga mahaifiyarsu ba tare da yardar rai ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasiru |first=Jemilat |date=November 16, 2020 |title='Bought before birth': BBC Africa Eye uncovers how children are stolen and trafficked in Kenya |url=https://www.thecable.ng/bought-before-birth-bbc-africa-eye-uncovers-how-children-are-stolen-and-trafficked-in-kenya |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=[[The Cable]]}}</ref> Binciken ya kuma bayyana zargin cin hanci da rashawa a Mama Lucy Kibaki, asibitin jama'a a Nairobi. Bayan labarin BBC Africa Eye, shugaban 'yan sanda Hillary Mutyambai ya ba da umarnin bincike kan asibitoci, da gidajen yara a babban birnin Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kimuyu |first=Hilary |date=2020-11-18 |title=Govt launches probe on baby theft after BBC's 'The Baby Stealers' exposé |url=https://nairobinews.nation.africa/govt-launches-probe-on-baby-theft-after-bbcs-the-baby-stealers-expose/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Nairobi News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210234639/https://nairobinews.nation.africa/govt-launches-probe-on-baby-theft-after-bbcs-the-baby-stealers-expose/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hukumomin Kenya sun kama mutane da ake zargi da gudanar da kungiyar fataucin yara. Akalla biyu daga cikin mutanen da ke da hannu a fataucin jarirai an yanke musu hukunci tun daga shekarar 2023. The Baby Stealers shi ne karo na farko da aka zabi samar da Kenya don Emmy na kasa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-08-20 |title=Kenya's 'Baby Stealers' Expose Nominated For An Emmy Award |url=https://www.kenyanvibe.com/kenyas-baby-stealers-expose-nominated-for-an-emmy-award/ |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Kenyan Vibe |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b4s8s264hi7rhvs7cfq1e7qp6vbgdtz 0 123723 839080 749341 2026-05-22T19:00:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jaridar '''''The Australian''''' wata jarida ce da ta daina aiki a harshen Turanci wadda ake bugawa duk wata a [[Perth]], Yammacin Ostiraliya, tsakanin 1907 da 1908 a ƙarƙashin kulawar Ƙungiyar 'Yan Asalin Ostiraliya (ANA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Encore -- The Australian. |url=https://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1743905 |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=encore.slwa.wa.gov.au }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara buga jaridar Australiya a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 1907 ta The Colortype Press, firintoci da masu bugawa a Hay Street, ga masu mallakar AH O'Connor da H. Hornby na reshen Yammacin Ostiraliya na Ƙungiyar 'Yan Asalin Australiya . [1] Jaridar ta taimaka wajen tallafawa manufofin ANA na ƙasa, ciki har da ci gaban Commonwealth, kariya, [2] [3] horar da sojoji na tilas, haɓaka wani shiri mai ƙarfi na sojojin ruwa na cikin gida, da kuma kula da manufofin White Australia . [4] [5] ''Ɗan ƙasar Australiya'' ya ƙarfafa amfani da kayayyakin ƙasar Australiya kuma ya ƙunshi labarai kan masana'antu, siyasa, bita kan adabi, gabatar da zane-zane da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a ANA, ciki har da tarurruka da kuma taron. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Encore -- The Australian. |url=https://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1743905 |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=encore.slwa.wa.gov.au }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Samuwa == An mayar da mujallu na ''Jaridar Australiya'' (1907-1908) zuwa dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Dijital na Jaridun Australiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Encore -- The Australian. |url=https://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1743905 |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=encore.slwa.wa.gov.au }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> wani aiki na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya tare da haɗin gwiwar Laburaren Jiha na Yammacin Ostiraliya . Ana kuma samun kwafin takardu da ƙananan takardu na ''The Australian'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Encore -- The Australian. |url=https://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1743905 |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=encore.slwa.wa.gov.au }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Encore -- The Australian. |url=https://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1743905 |access-date=2016-07-19 |website=encore.slwa.wa.gov.au }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a ɗakin karatu na Jihar Western Australia. == Duba kuma == * Jerin jaridu a Ostiraliya * Jerin jaridu a Yammacin Ostiraliya == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} hkb4hwkgrz4eubu1tc167ktghsmolmb 0 124948 839074 752920 2026-05-22T18:27:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Aubrey Thomas Brocklebank, Baronet na 6''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1952) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya kuma direban tsere. Shi ne Baronet Brocklebank na shida na Greenlands da Irton Hall . Shi ne ɗan Sir John Brocklebank, babban sojan Burtaniya kuma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko, da Pamela Pierce . == Rayuwa == Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Eton da Kwalejin Jami'ar, Durham, ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam. Daga 1981-1986 ya yi aiki a Bankin kasuwanci na Guinness Mahon . <ref name="aubreybrock" /> Brocklebank ƙwararren mai lissafi ne kuma yana zaune a kan allon amincewa na jari-hujja guda takwas.<ref> name="telegraph1">{{Cite web |date=16 January 2006 |title=Market profile |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2930215/Market-profile.html |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> Ya zo ga jama'a a takaice a shekarar 2012 lokacin da ya bayyana cewa ya sayi kwangilar don kula da injunan wuta na London don £ 2, ta hanyar daya daga cikin kamfanoninsa, AB&A saka hannun jari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Milmo |first=Dan |date=17 August 2012 |title=Sale of London fire engine fleet to equity firm for £2 sparks safety row &#124; UK news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/17/sale-london-fire-engine-safety |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Peter Dominiczak and Michael Howie |date=14 November 2012 |title=Taxpayer set to foot bill as London fire engine contract stripped from colourful baronet &#124; London Evening Standard |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/taxpayer-set-to-foot-bill-as-london-fire-engine-contract-stripped-from-colourful-baronet-8316195.html |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=Evening Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=office |date=21 August 2012 |title=Exposed: New owners of AssetCo, Letter to Chair of LFEPA - Andrew Dismore AM |url=http://www.andrewdismore.org.uk/home/2012/08/21/exposed-new-owners-of-assetco-letter-to-chair-of-lfepa/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |publisher=Andrewdismore.org.uk |archive-date=10 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110180421/http://www.andrewdismore.org.uk/home/2012/08/21/exposed-new-owners-of-assetco-letter-to-chair-of-lfepa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sakamakon haka ya kafa Firayim Minista Fire Serve, wanda tun daga shekarar 2017, ana biyan shi sama da £ 1,500,000 kowane wata don kula da rundunar jiragen ruwa ta London. Shi memba ne na Brooks na Citroën 2CV Racing Club . <ref name="telegraph1">{{Cite web |date=16 January 2006 |title=Market profile |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2930215/Market-profile.html |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=The Telegraph}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2930215/Market-profile.html "Market profile"]. ''The Telegraph''. 16 January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> == Aure == Brocklebank ta yi aure sau biyu. Da farko ga Dokta Anna-Marie Dunnet, (m. 1979; div. 1989), tare da wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya biyu. == Baronetcy == An kirkiro Brocklebank baronetcy a 1885 ga Thomas Brockle Bank, Mataimakin Lieutenant na Cumberland . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Milmo |first=Dan |date=17 August 2012 |title=Sale of London fire engine fleet to equity firm for £2 sparks safety row &#124; UK news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/17/sale-london-fire-engine-safety |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ɗansa, kuma Thomas, ya gaji Aubrey Brocklebank, Darakta na Kamfanin Cunard Steamship na [[Suez Canal Company|Kamfanin Suez Canal]] da na Great Western Railway. Bayan mutuwarsa, baronetcy ya wuce ga ɗansa, [[Thomas Brocklebank]], wanda ya mutu ba tare da aure ba. Daga baya, ɗan'uwansa, [[John Brocklebank]], mahaifin Aubrey ya gaji taken. Aubrey Brocklebank ya gaji Baronetcy a shekara ta 1974, bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Ɗansa na fari, wanda shi ma Aubrey Brocklebank ne, magaji ne. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] 807tieff0kimeb33zdosc4wn73nb3zz 0 125912 839237 755810 2026-05-23T05:24:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Ipoh]] Parade wani kantin sayar da kayayyaki ne a Ipoh, [[Perak]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] tare da masu haya kamar su [[Parkson]], Golden Screen Cinemas, Jaya Grocer, Guardian da Mr DIY . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=MR.D.I.Y. opens flagship concept store in Perak |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |website=www.thesundaily.my |access-date=30 December 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214849/https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyar Lion ce ta gina shi kuma ta yi amfani da shi a cikin 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Not the end of the road for Parkson |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/not-end-road-parkson |website=The Edge Markets}}</ref><ref name="historyipohparade2">{{Cite web |last=Kelly Tey |date=2 February 2016 |title=Making progress under new management |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/smebiz/news/2016/02/02/making-progress-under-new-management-maju-junction-sheds-wornout-look-after-becoming-parkson-corps-f/ |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]}}</ref> An sayar da mall ɗin ga ARA Asia Dragon Fund a cikin 2012 kuma an rufe shi a ƙarshen 2013 zuwa 2014 don babban gyare-gyare.<ref name="soldtoARA2">{{Cite web |title=Ipoh Parade shopping mall gets a makeover |url=http://www.starproperty.my/index.php/articles/property-news/ipoh-parade-shopping-mall-gets-a-makeover/ |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]}}</ref> Yanzu mallakar ARA Harmony III ne kuma ARA Asset Management Limited (ARA) ke sarrafawa.<ref name="auto12">{{Cite web |title=The largest mall of its kind in the historic town of Ipoh. |url=https://www.ipoh.parade.com.my/about-ipoh-parade/}}</ref> Ya zuwa 1 ga Janairun 2024, yankin da za a iya ba da izini (NLA) na 626,262 sq. ft. murabba'i. ft. kuma an ruwaito cewa 98.7% ne masu haya.<ref name="auto12" /> == Tarihi == Ipoh Parade ita ce babbar kasuwa ta zamani ta farko a garin tarihi na Ipoh . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=MR.D.I.Y. opens flagship concept store in Perak |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |website=www.thesundaily.my |access-date=30 December 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214849/https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi babban gyare-gyare a cikin 2013 kuma an sake buɗe shi a cikin 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Not the end of the road for Parkson |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/not-end-road-parkson |website=The Edge Markets}}</ref> Gidan shakatawa yana da rumfunan karaoke, hanyoyin bowling, cibiyoyin laser tag, da GSC cineplex (mafi girma a Perak) wanda ya haɗa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na GSC BIG. Har ila yau, ya haɗa da wurin kula da yara ga uwaye da ɗakin addu'a ga Musulmai. Cibiyar ta dauki bakuncin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin al'umma kamar Shuddup N" Dance na shekara-shekara, Cosplay, Diabolo Masters Championship da Lion Dance gasa da mahalarta yankin da na yanki suka halarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=MR.D.I.Y. opens flagship concept store in Perak |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |website=www.thesundaily.my |access-date=30 December 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214849/https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Not the end of the road for Parkson |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/not-end-road-parkson |website=The Edge Markets}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=MR.D.I.Y. opens flagship concept store in Perak |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |website=www.thesundaily.my |access-date=30 December 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214849/https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Not the end of the road for Parkson |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/not-end-road-parkson |website=The Edge Markets}}</ref> == Kyautar da aka samu == * Littafin Rubuce-rubucen Malaysia a matsayin "Babban Allon Talla na LED na waje".<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=MR.D.I.Y. opens flagship concept store in Perak |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |website=www.thesundaily.my |access-date=30 December 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214849/https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Samun dama == === Buses === Ana iya samun Ipoh Parade ta hanyar sabis na bas na Route 116 (Terminal Amanjaya). <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2019 |title=MR.D.I.Y. opens flagship concept store in Perak |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |website=www.thesundaily.my |access-date=30 December 2025 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812214849/https://www.thesundaily.my/media-marketing/mr-d-i-y-opens-flagship-concept-store-in-perak-LM1169159 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == a3xbteym5o980a0d147msqm27jytt4m 0 125921 839040 755856 2026-05-22T14:09:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sir Antoine-Aimé Dorion''' PC (Janairu 17, 1818 - Mayu 31, 1891) ɗan siyasan Faransa ne na Kanada, lauya, kuma alƙali.<ref>{{Cite journal |year=2011 |title=Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-antoine-aime-dorion/ |publisher=Historica Foundation, Toronto |postscript=< Retrieved 31 Jan 2011> |access-date=30 December 2025 |archive-date=5 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105174716/https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-antoine-aime-dorion |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Spaced en dash}} == Shekaru na farko == An haifi Dorion a ranar 17 ga Janairu, 1818, a Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade, ga dangin da ke da dabi'u masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda ke jin tausayi ga masu motsi na Patriote a cikin 1837-1838. Mahaifinsa, ɗan kasuwa Pierre-Antoine Dorion, wakilin jam'iyyar Patriote ne a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙananan Kanada daga 1830 zuwa 1838. Bayan karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Nicolet daga 1830 zuwa 1837, a cikin shekara ta ashirin da biyu ya tafi [[Montréal|Montreal]] don karanta doka tare da Côme-Séraphin Cherrier, fitaccen lauya wanda ya riƙe abota ta dindindin. A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1842, an shigar da shi cikin mashaya na lardin, ya zama abokin tarayya na M. Cherrier, kuma a cikin 'yan shekaru ya kai matsayi mafi girma a cikin sana'arsa.{{Sfn|Doughty|1911}} == Tashin siyasa == Dorion ya fito ne daga dangin Liberal wanda tun daga farkon kwanakin ya goyi bayan jam'iyyar Reform a Kanada. Baya ga mahaifinsa, kakan mahaifiyarsa ya wakilci gundumar Saint Maurice a Majalisar Dokoki daga 1819 zuwa 1830. A lokacin da Dorion ya Gyara karatun doka, Kanada tana shiga gwagwarmaya tsakanin Lower Canada da Upper Canada don daidaita wakilci. Kodayake an sami gagarumin nasara ta siyasa, kuma Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine da Robert Baldwin sun kafa gwamnati mai alhakin a cikin 1848, ba su matsawa don hambarar da cibiyoyin da ke akwai nan da nan ba, kuma a cikin 1851, an mika gwamnatin ga Francis Hincks da Augustin-Norbert Morin.{{Sfn|Doughty|1911}} == Gwamnati == [[Fayil:Photograph_of_Hon._Antoine-Aimé_Dorion_(9971221316).jpg|left|thumb|Dorion a cikin 1865, tarin Law Society of Upper CanadaKungiyar Shari'a ta Upper Canada]] A shekara ta 1858, Dorion ya yi aiki a matsayin Co-Premier na Lardin Kanada tare da jagoran Clear Grit George Brown (dan siyasa na Kanada) amma gwamnati ta fadi cikin kwanaki uku.{{Sfn|Doughty|1911}} Daga 1863 zuwa 1864 Dorion ya sake aiki a matsayin Co-Premier, a wannan lokacin tare da John Sandfield Macdonald tare da ɗaukar matsayin Attorney-General, amma ya ki shiga cikin Babban Gwamnatin hadin gwiwa da Brown, John A. Macdonald da George-Étienne Cartier suka kafa a 1864. Bayan Taron Quebec na 1864 ya yi tir da shirin Ƙungiyar Kanada kuma ya jagoranci 'yan adawa a Lower Canada zuwa aikin. Ya kuma kasance shugaban Parti Rouge kuma ya yi tunanin larduna za su rasa ikonsu idan aka sanya Confederation a cikin aiki. Ya ƙi cewa yankunan New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, da Prince Edward Island suna haɗuwa a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsakiya. Dorion ya nuna kin amincewarsa da hadin gwiwa ta hanyar wata takarda a 1864, labarai da yawa daga 1865 zuwa 1867, da kuma halartar tarurrukan adawa a Lower Canada. == Gidan jama'a == Duk da haka, lokacin da Confederation ya zama gaskiya, Dorion ya lashe kujerar a cikin sabon House of Commons na Kanada a matsayin memba na Liberal na Majalisar don Hochelaga. An sake zabarsa sau uku a jere ga Napierville kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Shari'a a cikin gwamnatin Liberal ta Alexander Mackenzie daga 7 ga Nuwamba 1873 kuma a cikin watanni shida da yake ofis ya wuce Dokar Zabe ta 1874 da Dokar Zabe mai rikitarwa. {{Sfn|Doughty|1911}} [[John A. Macdonald]] ne ya nada Dorion a kwamitin majalisa don bincika zarge-zargen da suka shafi Pacific Scandal a 1873. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 1874 an nada shi babban alƙali na Kotun Sarauniya ta Quebec . {{Sfn|Browning|1901}} A shekara ta 1875, an ba shi matsayi a matsayin mai shari'a a sabuwar [[Supreme Court of Canada|Kotun Koli ta Kanada]], duk da haka Dorion ya ki amincewa da matsayin da ya yi imanin cewa matsayin zai zama raguwa a matsayinsa na shari'a. == Manazarta == svikzymetwd1tfgykycz0ljtgbrrlh6 0 126526 839305 757521 2026-05-23T10:28:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Open English dandamali ne na ilmantarwa na harshen Ingilishi na kan layi, da farko yana ba da sabis ga masu amfani a Latin Amurka da Hispanic Amurkawa a Amurka.<ref name="wsj2">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-17 |title=Online School Has 100,000 Students, One Subject |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/online-school-has-100-000-students-one-subject-1403050947 |access-date=2018-05-03 |website=wsj.com}}</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanin ya kuma fadada tayin zuwa Turai da Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Dandalin a halin yanzu yana aiki a cikin kasashe sama da 30 a duk duniya. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, ya shiga sama da dalibai miliyan 2 a cikin darussansa. Open English yana da hedkwata a [[Miami]], tare da ƙarin ofisoshi a Mexico City, [[Bogotá]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Istanbul]], [[Bengaluru|Bangalore]], Vietnam da [[São Paulo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Open English a cikin 2006 a [[Karakas|Caracas]], Venezuela, ta Andrés Moreno, Nicolette Rankin, da Wilmer Sarmiento.<ref name="hbr1">{{Cite web |title=Open English |url=https://hbr.org/product/open-english/814020-PDF-ENG |access-date=2018-05-03 |website=hbr.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Wadanda suka kafa sun fahimci iyakokin ilimin harshen Ingilishi na al'ada da kuma yiwuwar ilmantarwa ta kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Bayan gwagwarmaya ta farko, kamfanin ya fara fadada, yana samun kudade na kudade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, Open English ya koma hedkwatarsa zuwa [[Miami]], Florida, kuma tun daga lokacin ya fadada a fadin Latin Amurka, kasuwar Hispanic ta Amurka, Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref><ref name="wlrn1">{{Cite web |last=Palsuka |first=Nicole |date=June 18, 2013 |title=Why This $350 Million Online Language School Moved To Miami |url=http://wlrn.org/post/why-350-million-online-language-school-moved-miami |access-date=April 24, 2018 |publisher=[[WLRN-TV]] |quote=Co-founder Nicolette Moreno, the chief product officer, was married to Andrés and also appears in Open English TV ads.}}</ref> Cutar COVID-19 ta nuna karuwar buƙatun ilmantarwa ta kan layi, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Open English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open English prepares to land in Asia, after the momentum achieved with the pandemic |url=https://dfsud.com/america/open-english-alista-aterrizaje-en-segundo-mercado-de-asia-tras-el |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=DFSud |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131170106/https://dfsud.com/america/open-english-alista-aterrizaje-en-segundo-mercado-de-asia-tras-el |url-status=dead }}</ref> Open English ya ba da rahoton kudaden shiga na dala miliyan 77 a cikin 2020. Kamfanin ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 350 a shekarar 2019. Ya shiga sama da sabbin dalibai 150,000 a farkon rabin 2021, wanda ya kawo jimlar adadin dalibai zuwa sama da miliyan 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Open English ya kuma sami haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni tare da abokan ciniki sama da 2,000 kuma yana da cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya ta malamai masu magana da Turanci sama da 2,000. Open English ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen tasirin zamantakewa daban-daban. Musamman, a cikin 2023, kamfanin ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Brazil [[Richarlison]] don ba da gudummawar $ 400,000 na darussan Turanci ga matasa marasa galihu a Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Open English ya ba da gudummawa sama da $ 170,000 a cikin tallafin karatu ga ƙungiyar AlumnUSB, tana tallafawa ɗalibai a Venezuela.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Har ila yau, kamfanin ya gabatar da tayin farko na sirri (IPO) a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Abubuwan da aka samu kwanan nan, gami da na Ninjas na Ingilishi, sun nuna wani yunkuri na dabarun fadada zuwa Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Asiya, inda yake shirin shiga kasuwar Vietnamese tare da darussan Ingilishi don kasuwanci. == Abubuwan da aka samu == Open English ya sami kamfanoni da yawa. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da su sun hada da: * Jami'ar Next (Amurka, wanda aka samu a watan Janairun 2015 ): Kwararre a cikin darussan ci gaban ƙwarewar dijital, wannan saye ya fadada ikon ilimi na Open English. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> * Turanci Ninjas (Turkey, wanda aka samu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2021): Wannan saye ya taimaka wajen kafa muhimmiyar kasancewar a kasuwar Turkiyya da yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> * Enguru (India, wanda aka samu a watan Satumbar 2022): Enguru, dandalin ilmantarwa na harshe na hannu, ya nuna shigar da Ingilishi mai budewa cikin kasuwar Indiya mai saurin girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> == Ayyuka da kayayyaki == Dandalin yana ba da darussan Turanci na kai tsaye, na kan layi tare da malamai masu magana da asali, ana samun su 24/7. Fasahar mallakarta tana sauƙaƙa ƙwarewar ilmantarwa ta mutum, tana ba da bukatun ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Open English ya bambanta abubuwan da yake bayarwa don haɗawa da Open English Junior don matasa masu koyo da Open English Business don horar da harshe na kamfanoni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> A cikin 2015, kamfanin ya fadada ikonsa na ilimi ta hanyar samun Jami'ar Next, yana ba da darussan ci gaban ƙwarewar dijital.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> Kwanan nan, Open English ya ƙaddamar da Open Mundo, yana ba da darussan rayuwa a Faransanci, Italiyanci, Mutanen Espanya, da Portuguese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leading Global English-Learning Platform Open English Grows its Revenue 7X YoY in the Middle East |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/leading-global-english-learning-platform-150000337.html |access-date=February 1, 2024 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubucen kafofin watsa labarai da kuma karɓa == Open English an nuna shi a cikin wallafe-wallafe daban-daban a Amurka da Latin Amurka, gami da TechCrunch, jaridar Colombia Diario La República, The Miami Herald, da kuma hira da Shugaba Andrés Moreno [1] a MASTV, El País, CNN, BBC, da sauransu. [undefined] Kamfanin ya kuma sami kyaututtuka da yawa, Kasar su 2011 Education Software Review, 2011 David Riley Award for Innovation in Business English, da kuma International E-Learning Award: Academic Division . [2] == Dubi kuma == * Ilimin harshe == Manazarta == juptbp4tipr0bp728swyp0hqabf27ii 0 126894 839316 758575 2026-05-23T11:10:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cameron "Cam" James Coventry''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1991) masanin tarihin Burtaniya ne kuma abokin bincike ne a Jami'ar Tarayyar Australia. A cikin 2021, ya rubuta tarihin siyasa da diflomasiyya game da shigar tsohon Firayim Minista na Australiya Bob Hawke da Amurka a cikin shekarun 1970s. A wani aiki, Links in the Chain, ya yi ƙoƙari na farko da masanin tarihi ya yi don tantance girman fa'idar kudi ta Australiya daga [[Cibiyar Nazarin Abubuwan Gado na Bawan Biritaniya|Bautar Burtaniya]]. == Ilimi da aikin siyasa == Coventry grew up in the village of Stirling, South Australia in the Adelaide Hills.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coventry |first=C. J. |date=2019-03-22 |title=Links in the Chain: British slavery, Victoria and South Australia |url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:23671/ |journal=Before/Now |language=en-US |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=27–46}}</ref> He attended Stirling East Primary School and Prince Alfred College in Adelaide where he was captain of debating, editor of the school yearbook, and won Head of the River.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PAC Chronicle |url=https://pac.edu.au/news-events/publications/pac-chronicle/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |publisher=Prince Alfred College |language=en}}</ref> After school Coventry studied at Adelaide Law School. In 2014 Coventry moved to Canberra to work in Senator Nick Xenophon's parliamentary office in the Australian Senate. He spent two years at Parliament, during which time he completed a degree in arts at the Australian National University, where he was educated by historian Frank Bongiorno. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (July 2021)">better&nbsp;source&nbsp;needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan ilimi == [[Fayil:CoventrymeetsJackson.png|thumb|Coventry tare da Jesse Jackson a cikin 2013.]] A Jami'ar New South Wales da Kwalejin Tsaro ta Australiya Coventry ta kammala Master of Arts a karkashin jagorancin masanin kimiyyar siyasa Clinton Fernandes, ta gabatar da wata takarda a cikin 2018 da ake kira "The Origins of the Royal Commission on Intelligence and Security. " Daga baya tsohon Alkalin Babban Kotun Australia Michael Kirby ya yi amfani da takarda a aikinsa. A shekara ta 2017 ya koma Ballarat kuma ya fara karatun PhD a shekarar 2019 wanda aka ba shi kyautar karatun jami'ar. A cikin 2019, an buga "Links in the Chain: British slavery, South Australia and Victoria". Wannan aikin ya haifar da muhawara a Adelaide da birnin da ya karɓa na Ballarat game da sunayen wurare da ke girmama masu cin gajiyar bautar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breakfast with Steve Martin |url=https://www.abc.net.au/ballarat/programs/breakfast |access-date=2022-12-07 |publisher=ABC Ballarat |language=en-AU}}</ref> A cikin 2020 Coventry tare ya gabatar da Darasi na Shekara-shekara na Majalisar Tarihi ta Kudancin Australia inda ya tattauna bukatar sake la'akari da 'Kudancin Australiya' a cikin hasken dogaro da kuɗin bawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Regional Lecture |url=https://historycouncilsa.org.au/regional-event/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=History Council SA |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ayyukan Coventry game da bautar daidai sun lura cewa George Fife Angas ba a nuna shi mai bautar ba ta hanyar bayanan Legacies of British Slavery, ba kamar sauran masu sharhi da yawa ba. Coventry ya rubuta wasika ga Majalisar Birnin Ballarat a cikin 2021 yana sukar kewaye da Ballarat Common wanda ya bayyana tarihinsa da muhimmancin al'adun gargajiya. Wasu malamai 13 ne suka sanya hannu kan wasikar ciki har da Ian D. Clark. Ya haifar da muhawara a cikin [[Jaridar (Ballarat)|Jaridar]] yankin, The Courier, game da ci gaban Ballarat da asarar al'adun ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PAC Chronicle |url=https://pac.edu.au/news-events/publications/pac-chronicle/ |access-date=2022-12-07 |publisher=Prince Alfred College |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2022 majalisa ta nuna cewa za a kirkiro sabon "babban wurin shakatawa" daga wani ɓangare na tsohuwar gama gari.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coventry |first=C. J. |date=2019-03-22 |title=Links in the Chain: British slavery, Victoria and South Australia |url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:23671/ |journal=Before/Now |language=en-US |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=27–46}}</ref> Rubutun PhD na Coventry, wanda aka kammala a 2023 a Jami'ar Tarayya, Ballarat, shine tarihin zamantakewa na farko da aka mayar da hankali kan Tattalin arzikin Keynesian. Ya nuna cewa gabatar da ajanda na tattalin arziki na John Maynard Keynes a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu bai shahara ba tsakanin ma'aikata a Ostiraliya da Ingila.[1] Masu kula da rubutun Coventry inda masanin tarihin al'adu Keir Reeves, masanin tarihin tattalin arziki Alex Millmow, masanin zamantakewar zamantakewa Jeremy C. A. Smith da masanin tarihin zamantakewa / soja Erik Eklund. Ya rubuta wani shafin yanar gizo, "A cikin Binciken Paideia na zamani," wanda ke da niyyar rufe duk tarihin ɗan adam daga juyin halitta na ɗan adam zuwa ƙarni na 21 ta amfani da tsarin falsafar jari-hujja da na halitta. === Bob Hawke === [[Fayil:Coventry_and_Xenophon.png|thumb|Coventry a cikin Majalisar Dattijai ya zauna a bayan Xenophon a shekarar 2015.]] A watan Yunin 2021 ''Jaridar Siyasa da Tarihi ta Australiya'' ta buga "The 'Eloquence' of Robert J. Hawke: United States informer, 1973-79," wanda ya gabatar da zargin da aka dade ana yi cewa tsohon Firayim Minista, shugaban jam'iyyar Labor kuma Shugaban ACTU ya hada kai da Gwamnatin Amurka a cikin shekarun 1970. Labarin Coventry ya nuna ta hanyar amfani da shaidar takaddun shaida cewa Hawke ya ba da bayanai masu yawa na ciki ga jami'an Amurka, yana lalata abubuwan da ya yi a fili. Labarin Coventry ya kuma ambaci wasu masu ba da labari da yawa, ciki har da John Ducker, Billy Sneddon, Bill Hayden, Rupert Murdoch, David Combe da Don Willesee.<ref name="Eloquence">{{Cite journal |last=Coventry |first=C. J. |year=2021 |title=The 'Eloquence' of Robert J. Hawke: United States informer, 1973–79 |url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:44278/CONTENT/coventry_the_eloquence_of_robert_j_hawke-pre-edit1.pdf/ |journal=Australian Journal of Politics & History |volume=67 |issue=1 |pages=67–87 |doi=10.1111/ajph.12763 |s2cid=237825933 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Coventry daga baya ya ce dalilin da ya sa aka gudanar da bincike kan igiyoyin a National Archives and Records Administration shine tunaninta game da rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai game da wahayin [[WikiLeaks]] wanda ya kasance "ya dace da muhawara ta yanzu game da tsangwama daga kasashen waje - a Amurka har ma da Ostiraliya".<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Litras |first=Peter |date=2021-07-09 |title=Diplomatic cables an 'unmined quartz lead' for historians |url=https://federation.edu.au/news/articles/diplomatic-cables-an-unmined-quartz-lead-for-historians |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=federation.edu.au |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222163523/https://federation.edu.au/news/articles/diplomatic-cables-an-unmined-quartz-lead-for-historians |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ky9nncqgkokvv3x0gftftr5wifzy543 0 127166 839212 759371 2026-05-23T00:29:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thomas Pestock''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1984) ɗan wasan kokawa ne na ƙwararren Amurka, mai yin wasan jiu Jujitsu na Brazil, tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] kuma tsohon ɗan wasan dambe. Ya sanya hannu a Major League Wrestling (MLW), inda yake aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan zoben '''Bishop Dyer''' kuma yana da rabin MLW World Tag Team Champions tare da Donovan Dijak a mulkin su na farko, kuma ya bayyana a kan da'irar mai zaman kanta. An fi saninsa da aikinsa a WWE, inda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan zoben '''Baron Corbin''' . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Thomas Pestock <ref name="nfl">{{Cite web |title=Tom Pestock profile |url=https://www.nfl.com/player/tompestock/2507641/profile |access-date=December 12, 2014 |publisher=[[NFL]]}}</ref> a Lenexa, Kansas <ref>{{Cite web |title=The King of the Ring tournament returns next Monday night on Raw |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-08-19/article/king-of-the-ring-tournament-returns-raw |access-date=August 13, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1984.<ref name="cagematch">{{Cite web |title=Baron Corbin |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=12474 |access-date=December 12, 2014 |publisher=CageMatch }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ESPN">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2016 |title=WWE Profile - Baron Corbin |url=https://www.espn.in/wwe/story/_/id/17132220/wwe-profile-page-baron-corbin |access-date=October 21, 2020 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> Ya horar da shi sosai a wasan dambe kuma a shekara ta 2007, ya kasance zakaran wasan dambe na yankin Golden Gloves sau biyu. Ya shiga gasar zakarun kasa ta Golden Gloves ta 2008 a cikin rukunin manyan nauyi, inda ya doke Chaen Chess a wasan farko kuma ya sha kashi a hannun Andrae Cathron a wasan kusa da na karshe. == Ayyukan kwallon kafa == === Kwalejin === Pestock ya halarci kwalejin NCAA Division II na Jami'ar Jihar Missouri ta Arewa maso Yamma, <ref name="nfl"/> inda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida, kuma ya zama mai farawa a shekarunsa na farko a shekara ta 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The King of the Ring tournament returns next Monday night on Raw |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-08-19/article/king-of-the-ring-tournament-returns-raw |access-date=August 13, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> An ba Pestock suna mai daraja da aka ambaci duka-MIAA a cikin 2007 da kuma ƙungiyar farko duk-MIAa a cikin 2008 . Ya kasance daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka tafi gasar zakarun kasa ta Division II hudu a jere kuma sun rasa a kowane lokaci. === Kwararru === Pestock ya sanya hannu tare da [[Indianapolis Colts]] a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2009, bayan ya tafi ba tare da an tsara shi ba a cikin shirin NFL na 2009. <ref name="KFFL2">{{Cite web |title=Tom Pestock |url=http://www.kffl.com/player/21338/nfl/news/tom-pestock |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505224802/http://www.kffl.com/player/21338/nfl/news/tom-pestock |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=May 5, 2015 |publisher=kffl.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake tare da Colts, ya kasance abokin zama tare da mai kunnawa na All-Pro na gaba kuma mai kokawa mai sana'a [[Pat McAfee]], gaskiyar da za ta kasance ta tsakiya ga rikici tsakanin su biyu a cikin [[WWE]] shekaru 13 bayan haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The King of the Ring tournament returns next Monday night on Raw |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-08-19/article/king-of-the-ring-tournament-returns-raw |access-date=August 13, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> Colts ne suka sake shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta kuma kungiyar ta sake sanya hannu a ranar 19 ga watan Agustan. <ref name="KFFL2"/> Colts sun sake shi a ranar 5 ga Satumba.<ref name="KFFL2" /> In August, Corbin was announced as one of sixteen competitors in the 2019 King of the Ring tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The King of the Ring tournament returns next Monday night on Raw |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-08-19/article/king-of-the-ring-tournament-returns-raw |access-date=August 13, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> After over a month away from ''Raw'', Corbin returned on the August 19 episode, where he and McIntyre lost to [[Ricochet]] and The Miz.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benigno |first=Anthony |title=Ricochet & The Miz def. Drew McIntyre & Baron Corbin |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-08-19/article/ricochet-the-miz-def-drew-mcintyre-baron-corbin |access-date=August 19, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> In the following weeks, Corbin defeated The Miz in the first round,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benigno |first=Anthony |title=Baron Corbin def. The Miz (King of the Ring First-Round Match) |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-08-26/article/baron-corbin-def-the-miz-king-of-the-ring |access-date=August 26, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> Cedric Alexander in the quarterfinals,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benigno |first=Anthony |title=Baron Corbin def. Cedric Alexander (King of the Ring Quarterfinals) |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-09-02/article/baron-corbin-def-cedric-alexander-king-of-the-ring-quarterfinals |access-date=September 2, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> Ricochet and Samoa Joe in the semifinals,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benigno |first=Anthony |title=Baron Corbin def. Ricochet and Samoa Joe to advance to the King of the Ring Final |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-09-09/article/baron-corbin-def-ricochet-samoa-joe-king-of-the-ring-semifinals |access-date=September 9, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> and Chad Gable in the finals to win the tournament, subsequently changing his ring name to King Corbin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benigno |first=Anthony |title=Baron Corbin def. Chad Gable to win the 2019 King of the Ring Tournament |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/2019-16-09/article/baron-corbin-def-chad-gable-king-of-the-ring-final |access-date=September 16, 2019 |website=WWE.com}}</ref> At Hell in a Cell on October 6, Corbin lost to Gable.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=October 6, 2019 |title=WWE Hell in a Cell results: Powell's live review of Seth Rollins vs. "The Fiend" Bray Wyatt in an HIAC match for the WWE Universal Championship, Becky Lynch vs. Sasha Banks in an HIAC match for the Raw Women's Championship, Bayley vs. Charlotte Flair for the Smackdown Women's Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2019/10/06/wwe-hell-in-a-cell-results-powells-live-review-of-seth-rollins-vs-the-fiend-bray-wyatt-in-an-hiac-match-for-the-wwe-universal-championship-becky-lynch-vs-sasha-banks-in-an-hiac-match-for-the/ |access-date=October 6, 2019 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ltjvgra8qm3wz0okc52zw4ys5gvgwjs 0 130013 839323 766716 2026-05-23T11:55:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Campbell Magnay''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1996) ɗan wasan rugby ne na Australiya wanda a halin yanzu yake taka leda a matsayin cibiyar Suntory Sungoliath a gasar Japan Top Rugby. <ref name="Campbell Magnay Reds Player Profile">{{Cite web |title=Campbell Magnay Reds Player Profile |url=http://www.redsrugby.com.au/Reds/RedsSquad/PlayerProfile.aspx?pid=318 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210195515/http://www.redsrugby.com.au/Reds/RedsSquad/PlayerProfile.aspx?pid=318 |archive-date=10 December 2014 |access-date=10 December 2014 |website=Reds Rugby}}</ref> <ref name="Reds sign 17-year-old Campbell Magnay">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Reds sign 17-year-old Campbell Magnay |url=http://www.redsrugby.com.au/News/NewsArticles/tabid/581/ArticleID/14293/Reds-sign-17-year-old-Campbell-Magnay.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302185203/http://www.redsrugby.com.au/News/NewsArticles/tabid/581/ArticleID/14293/Reds-sign-17-year-old-Campbell-Magnay.aspx |archive-date=2 March 2016 |access-date=10 December 2014 |website=Reds Rugby}}</ref> Ya kuma wakilci Queensland Country a gasar National Rugby Championship ta farko.<ref name="Campbell Magnay Queensland Country Player Profile">{{Cite web |title=Campbell Magnay Queensland Country Player Profile |url=http://www.redsrugby.com.au/NRC/nrcplayerprofile.aspx?pid=287 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008114642/http://www.redsrugby.com.au/NRC/nrcplayerprofile.aspx?pid=287 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |access-date=10 December 2014 |website=Reds Rugby}}</ref> <ref name="Campbell Magnay itsrugby Player Statistics">{{Cite web |title=Campbell Magnay itsrugby Player Statistics |url=http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_33033.html |access-date=10 December 2014 |website=itsrugby }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan ya wakilci Queensland da Ostiraliya a matakin ɗalibi, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Queensland GPS ta ɗauke shi aiki bayan kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee. Wasansa a gasar Rugby ta Queensland Premier ya jawo hankalin sabuwar ƙungiyar Queensland Country NRC, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da aka ƙulla yarjejeniya da shi a ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu na Queensland NRC. Wannan shine tasirinsa a wasanni 6 da ya buga wa Country a 2014, an ba shi kwangilar Super Rugby yana da shekaru 17 kacal daga Reds da ke Brisbane kafin kakar wasa ta Super Rugby ta 2015.[1] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Magnay a halin yanzu yana karatun digirin farko a fannin kasuwanci a Jami'ar Deakin . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elite Athlete Program Profiles |url=https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/student-life-and-services/get-involved/elite-athlete-program-profiles |access-date=27 August 2023 |publisher=Deakin University}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar Super Rugby == {{Updated|12 June 2021|<ref name="Player Statistics">{{cite web | url=http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_33033.html | title=Player Statistics | work=It's Rugby | access-date=2026-01-04 | archive-date=2018-09-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922135748/http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_33033.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:90%; font-size:95%; width:60%;" !Kakar wasa ! Ƙungiyar ! Wasanni ! Farawa ! Ƙaramin sashe ! Minti ! Gwaje-gwaje ! Fursunoni ! Alƙalami ! Digogi ! Maki ! Yel ! Ja |- | 2015 | Reds | 6 | 2 | 4 | 252 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2016 | Reds | 6 | 2 | 4 | 246 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |- | 2017 | Reds | 5 | 4 | 1 | 248 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |- | 2019 | Rebels | 9 | 0 | 9 | 280 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 |- | 2020 | Rebels | 2 | 1 | 1 | 121 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | AU ta 2020 | Rebels | 5 | 4 | 1 | 324 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | AU ta 2021 | Rebels | 2 | 2 | 0 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2021 TT | Rebels | 2 | 2 | 0 | 139 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 37 ! 17 ! 20 ! 1746 ! 4 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 20 ! 1 ! 0 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] m9k7jedouia6cfoeah8hdj7ncu64qdb 0 132339 839186 832734 2026-05-22T22:09:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Cava_di_Gioia_(Carrara).jpg|thumb|Cava di Gioia, (Gioia Quarries), Carrara, da kuma canjin siffar kololuwar da ba za a iya canzawa ba]] [[Fayil:Logo_NO_CAV.png|thumb|Tambari Babu CAV]] '''No Cav''' wata ƙungiya ce ta zanga-zangar Italiya da ta taso a farkon ƙarni na 21, tana sukar wuraren hakar marmara na Carrara da carbonate a cikin tsaunukan Apuan . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Atlante Italiano dei Conflitti Ambientali, La distruzione delle Alpi Apuane a causa dell'estrazione del marmo |url=https://it.ejatlas.org/conflict/la-devastazione-delle-alpi-apuane-a-causa-dellescavazione-del-marmo}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2020 |title="La coop Levigliani non tutela il Corchia" |url=https://www.lanazione.it/lucca/cronaca/la-coop-levigliani-non-tutela-il-corchia-1.5318876 |access-date=7 January 2026 |archive-date=30 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430003108/https://www.lanazione.it/lucca/cronaca/la-coop-levigliani-non-tutela-il-corchia-1.5318876 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=No Asse e No Cav il 15 assemblea al Museo Popolare della pineta a Viareggio in vista del corteo nazionale di Carrara |url=http://www.dada-tv.org/2020/10/14/no-asse-e-no-cav-il-15-assemblea-al-museo-popolare-della-pineta-a-viareggio-in-vista-del-corteo-nazionale-di-carrara/ |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2026-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115025710/https://www.dada-tv.org/2020/10/14/no-asse-e-no-cav-il-15-assemblea-al-museo-popolare-della-pineta-a-viareggio-in-vista-del-corteo-nazionale-di-carrara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2020 |title="Le cave portano ricchezza? Ma se siamo poveri e disoccupati…" |url=https://www.voceapuana.com/attualita/2020/08/08/le-cave-portano-ricchezza-ma-se-siamo-poveri-e-disoccupati/31338/}}</ref> == Suna da tuta == [[Fayil:No_Cav_sticker_at_Bivacco_Aronte_(Passo_della_Focolaccia,_Alpi_Apuane)_at_17.10.2021.jpg|thumb|Babu Alamar Cav a Bivacco Aronte (Passo della Focolaccia, Alpi Apuane )]] An yi amfani da kalmar ''No Cav'', a takaice don "Babu Kogo" (Babu Kwarin Ruwa, a cikin Italiyanci), a karon farko a cikin wani labarin daga [[Il Tirreno]] a cikin 2014 don bayyana masu fafutukar da suka shiga zanga-zangar da Salviamo le Apuane ta shirya (''Save Apuan Alps''). <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2014 |title="Salviamo le Apuane", i No Cav "occupano" il monte Carchio |url=https://iltirreno.gelocal.it/massa/cronaca/2014/05/18/news/salviamo-le-apuane-i-no-cav-occupano-il-monte-carchio-1.9252452}}</ref> Tutar No Cav wata alama ce ta launin baƙi da fari ta Vara viaduct na Carrara Private Marble Railway da aka haɗa ta da babban ja X, a sama akwai kalmomin "NO CAV", waɗanda kuma aka yi da ja, a kan farin bango. Wannan alama, wacce ƙirar zane-zanenta ta tuna da ƙungiyar No TAV ta Italiya, ta fara bayyana a shekarar 2020, a lokacin wani taron da masanin muhalli Gianluca Briccolani ya shirya, wanda a shekara mai zuwa, tare da Claudio Grandi da sauransu, suka kafa ƙungiyar Apuane Libere ( ''Free Apuan Alps'' ).{{Cite web |date=10 May 2021 |title=CONFERENZA STAMPA DELL' 8 MAGGIO |url=https://apuanelibere.org/2021/05/10/conferenza-stampa-dell-8-maggio/}}</ref> Duk ƙungiyoyin wannan motsi ba su yi amfani da tutar da kalmar "Babu Cav" ba, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun fi son amfani da takamaiman ma'anoni. == Halaye == [[Fayil:"No_Cav"_slogan_in_Carrara,_2021.jpg|thumb|Taken "Babu Cav" a cikin Carrara, 2021]] An rarraba ƙungiyar No Cav ta hanyar ƙungiyar Italiya ta Atlas of Environmental Conflicts, wani ɓangare na Environmental Justice Atlas, a matsayin "rikici mai aiki don neman hanyoyin da za su dawwama". Tsawon shekaru, masu ra'ayin kare muhalli sun sami nasarar haɓaka wani motsi na ra'ayi mai zurfi a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a wanda ya shafi jigon kare tsaunukan Apuan. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=25 June 2014 |title=Apuane, le ruspe cancellano i monti |url=https://www.italianostra.org/vi-segnaliamo/apuane-le-ruspe-cancellano-i-monti/}}</ref> Hanyoyin adawa da masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a na No Cav ke amfani da su sun haɗa da zanga-zanga, <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2020 |title=Grande successo per la manifestazione a difesa delle Alpi Apuane |url=https://www.up-climbing.com/it/falesia/news/grande-successo-manifestazione-alpi-apuane}} {{Cite web |title=Presidio contro la devastazione delle Apuane in Piazza dei Miracoli |url=https://www.pisatoday.it/cronaca/presidio-devastazione-alpi-apuane-piazza-miracoli-pisa-23-ottobre-2020.html}}</ref> zanga -zanga, <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=8 August 2020 |title="Cave, le Apuane a rischio distruzione", flash mob ambientalista sul Ponte Vecchio |url=https://www.toscanachiantiambiente.it/cave-le-apuane-a-rischio-distruzione-flash-mob-ambientalista-sul-ponte-vecchio}}</ref> -zangar nuna ƙarfi, <ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2015 |title=Le Alpi Apuane e le cave di marmo: l'appello al Presidente della Repubblica |url=http://www.salviamoilpaesaggio.it/blog/2015/11/le-alpi-apuane-e-le-cave-di-marmo-lappello-al-presidente-della-repubblica/}}</ref> ɗaukaka ƙara, [5] koke-koke, <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2013 |title=Una petizione contro la distruzione delle Alpi Apuane |url=https://greenreport.it/news/aree-protette-e-biodiversita/una-petizione-contro-la-distruzione-delle-alpi-apuane }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":Milani">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2013 |title=Alpi Apuane, petizione (con narrazione incorporata) dell'editore di Transeuropa Milani |url=https://www.affaritaliani.it/culturaspettacoli/alpi-apuane-petizione-con-narrazione-incorporata-dell-editore-di-transeuropa-giulio-milani.html}}</ref> <ref></ref> ayyukan nuna ƙarfi (kamar wanda aka yi a Giro d'Italia 2021 <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=21 May 2021 |title="Al Giro d'Italia portiamo la tragedia delle Alpi Apuane che scompaiono" |url=https://www.voceapuana.com/attualita/2021/05/21/al-giro-ditalia-portiamo-la-tragedia-delle-alpi-apuane-che-scompaiono/42427/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2021 |title=CONFERENZA STAMPA DELL' 8 MAGGIO |url=https://apuanelibere.org/2021/05/10/conferenza-stampa-dell-8-maggio/}}</ref> ko a kan ƙololuwar Mont Blanc <ref name=":20">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2021 |title=La bandiera "NoCav" di Apuane Libere sventola sulla cima del Monte Bianco |url=https://www.voceapuana.com/attualita/2021/07/23/la-bandiera-nocav-di-apuane-libere-sventola-sulla-cima-del-monte-bianco/44964/}}</ref> <ref name=":21">{{Cite web |title=Le Alpi Apuane svettano sul Monte Bianco grazie a due attivisti |url=https://www.lagazzettadimassaecarrara.it/cronaca/2021/07/le-alpi-apuane-svettano-sul-monte-bianco-grazie-a-due-attivisti/}}</ref> ), shingayen hanyoyi, [ <ref></ref> ƙara, <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Ricorso europeo per difendere i valori naturalistici delle Alpi Apuane |url=https://www.lagazzettadimassaecarrara.it/politica/2016/01/ricorso-europeo-per-difendere-i-valori-naturalistici-delle-alpi-apuane/}}</ref> <ref name=":23">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2021 |title=Dissequestro per la cava di Piastrabagnata, il comitato fa ricorso |url=https://www.luccaindiretta.it/cronaca/2021/07/21/dissequestro-per-la-cava-di-piastrabagnata-il-comitato-fa-ricorso/245523/}}</ref> shirye-shiryen siyasa (a matakin gida, <ref name=":24">{{Cite web |date=13 May 2021 |title='Apuane Libere' denuncia: "Fermate Cava Padulello" |url=https://www.lanazione.it/massa-carrara/cronaca/apuane-libere-denuncia-fermate-cava-padulello-1.6355713}}</ref> na yanki, <ref name=":25">{{Cite web |date=10 October 2021 |title=Apuane Libere diffida la Regione Toscana |url=https://www.lanazione.it/lucca/cronaca/apuane-libere-diffida-la-regione-toscana-1.6901175}}</ref> <ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=Apuane Libere: "La Regione faccia chiudere tutte le cave nei territori di uso civico" |url=https://www.lagazzettadelserchio.it/garfagnana/2021/10/apuane-libere-la-regione-faccia-chiudere-tutte-le-cave-nei-territori-di-uso-civico/}}</ref> na ƙasa, <ref name=":27">{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title=Apertura della cava alla Focolaccia, Apuane libere scrive al ministro |url=https://iltirreno.gelocal.it/massa/cronaca/2021/08/18/news/apertura-della-cava-alla-focolaccia-apuane-libere-scrive-al-ministro-1.40611267}} {{Cite web |date=24 March 2021 |title=Apuane, Tetti (Europa Verde): "Il sequestro dell'ennesima cava è indice di una responsabilità politica" |url=https://www.luccaindiretta.it/mediavalle-e-garfagnana/2021/03/24/apuane-tetti-europa-verde-il-sequestro-dellennesima-cava-e-indice-di-una-responsabilita-politica/228744/}}</ref> na [[Tarayyar Turai|Turai]] <ref name=":29">{{Cite web |title=Il "disastro delle Apuane denunciato all 'Europa intera |url=https://www.italianostra.org/wp-content/uploads/11-apuane.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=":30">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2020 |title=Il disastro apuano sul tavolo della Commissione Europea |url=https://gognablog.sherpa-gate.com/il-disastro-apuano-sul-tavolo-della-commissione-europea/}}</ref> <ref name=":31">{{Cite web |date=21 July 2014 |title=Caso cave di marmo delle Alpi Apuane al vaglio dell'Ue |url=https://www.ansa.it/europa/notizie/rubriche/altrenews/2014/07/21/caso-cave-di-marmo-delle-alpi-apuane-al-vaglio-dellue_97936af5-8dd9-4be6-bf4a-3f3bab25621c.html}}</ref> da na ƙasashen duniya <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=19 September 2021 |title=Dossier all'Onu sul "disastro delle Apuane" |url=https://www.lanazione.it/massa-carrara/cronaca/dossier-allonu-sul-disastro-delle-apuane-1.6818415}}</ref> ), bayanan jama'a, <ref name=":33">{{Cite web |date=12 December 2019 |title="Fermiamo lo scempio sulle Alpi Apuane", assemblea pubblica all'ex Cat |url=https://www.voceapuana.com/attualita/2019/12/12/fermiamo-lo-scempio-sulle-alpi-apuane-assemblea-pubblica-allex-cat/23973/}}</ref> matsin lamba ga kamfanoni, <ref name=":34">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title="Bulgari, ritiri lo spot! Alle cave solo distruzione" |url=https://www.lanazione.it/massa-carrara/cronaca/bulgari-ritiri-lo-spot-alle-cave-solo-distruzione-1.6063217}}</ref> <ref name=":Sea Shepherd">{{Cite web |date=18 February 2022 |title=Sea Shepherd su shooting nelle Apuane: "Ci siamo attivati con Got Bag che ha accolto le nostre rimostranze |url=https://ecodellalunigiana.it/sea-shepherd-shooting-apuane-attivati-got-bag-che-ha-accolto-rimostranze}}</ref> shirye-shiryen takardu masu zaman kansu, <ref name=":24" /> <ref name=":36">{{Cite web |title=Legambiente Carrara, Come le cave Come le cave inquinano le sorgenti inquinano le sorgenti |url=https://www.legambientecarrara.it/nuovo/wp-content/uploads/allegati/2006-03-17-Cave-Inquin-Sorgenti-Legambiente.pdf}}</ref> da kuma fafutukar kafofin watsa labarai . <ref name=":6"/> [[Fayil:A_No_Cav_slogan_near_Canevara_(Massa).jpg|thumb|Babu taken Cav a kan wata alama ta hanya kusa da ƙauyen Canevara (Massa)]] Daga cikin taken yakin neman zaben da suka taso daga zanga-zangar, banda No Cav, akwai "Basta Cave" <ref></ref> (wanda aka fassara da ''Enough Quarries'' : ''Stop the Quarries'' ), "Giù le mani dalla montagna" <ref></ref> ( ''Hands off the Mountain'' ), "Fermiamo la devastazione" <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2021 |title=CONFERENZA STAMPA DELL' 8 MAGGIO |url=https://apuanelibere.org/2021/05/10/conferenza-stampa-dell-8-maggio/}}</ref> ( ''Mu dakatar da Bala'i'' ), "Taimako Alps na Apuan", <ref></ref> "Le cave uccidono il passato e il futuro" <ref name=":3"/> wanda ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban ke bi: == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3e1zbbm4q6p752aanfphwuxhsd8yd07 0 132421 839072 800205 2026-05-22T18:03:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asusun Tallafawa Ƙasa na Duniya (World Land Trust)''' wata [[Registered charity|ƙungiya ce mai rijista]] a Burtaniya. Tana aiki bisa taken ta na "Ceto Ƙasa, Ceton Nau'in Halitta", asusun yana tara kuɗi don siye da kare filaye masu barazanar muhalli, saboda haka nau'ikan halittu, a [[Afirka]], [[Asiya]], da Tsakiya da [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] . Tun daga 1989, an adana hekta miliyan 1.1 kai tsaye a duk shirye-shiryen WLT. WLT ta ba da ƙarin hekta miliyan 1.3. A lokacin rubuta wannan, an ba da kariyar hekta 2,361,353 daga abokan hulɗa na WLT a duka kuma an haɗa hekta 11,452,226 ta hanyar hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da WLT ke bayarwa da kuma faɗaɗawa. == Tarihi == An kafa wannan asusun a shekarar 1989 a matsayin Shirin Belize don tara kuɗi don siyan filaye a [[Belize]] don kare [[Gandun Daji Na Yankuna masu Zafi|dazuzzukan ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi]] tare da haɗin gwiwar Massachusetts Audubon Society . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Goodier |first=John |date=May 2001 |title=The Environment Encyclopedia and Directory 2001, 3rd edition. London: Europa Publications 2001. 622 pp, {{text|ISBN}}: 1 85743 089 1 £250.00 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.2001.15.5.27.275 |journal=Reference Reviews |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=27 |doi=10.1108/rr.2001.15.5.27.275 |issn=0950-4125 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Daga baya ƙungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa '''World Wide Land Conservation Trust''', sannan zuwa World Land Trust. <ref name=":1" /> John Burton ya kasance babban jami'i na tsawon shekaru talatin har zuwa 2019, lokacin da Catherine Barnard ta karɓi mulki. Tun daga lokacin ne Asusun ya haɓaka don taimakawa wajen siyan da adana filaye a ƙasashe 30 a duniya kuma yana da kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara na fam miliyan 10 a shekarar 2023. Masu goyon bayan wannan amintaccen asusun sune [[David Attenborough|Sir David Attenborough]], Steve Backshall, Chris Packham, da David Gower . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrons |url=http://www.worldlandtrust.org/about/patrons |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2018-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202503/http://www.worldlandtrust.org/about/patrons |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu goyon bayan sun haɗa da Bill Oddie, Tony Hawks, Mark Carwardine da Nick Baker . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.worldlandtrust.org/documents/news/GreenInk.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419023450/http://www.worldlandtrust.org/documents/news/GreenInk.pdf |archive-date=19 April 2015 |access-date=12 April 2015}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyuka sun haɗa da: * Sayi dajin Atlantika tun daga shekarar 2007 a Brazil don faɗaɗa [[Reserva Ecológica Guapiaçu]], tare da Ƙungiyar Gidajen Dabbobi da Aquarium ta Birtaniya da Ireland <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrons |url=http://www.worldlandtrust.org/about/patrons |access-date=2026-01-07 |archive-date=2018-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410202503/http://www.worldlandtrust.org/about/patrons |url-status=dead }}</ref> * sayen filaye da aka haɗa yanzu a cikin Buenaventura Reserve, tare da haɗin gwiwa da Fundacion de Conservacio Jocotoco <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.worldlandtrust.org/documents/news/GreenInk.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419023450/http://www.worldlandtrust.org/documents/news/GreenInk.pdf |archive-date=19 April 2015 |access-date=12 April 2015}}</ref> * sayen kimanin {{Convert|190|ha|acre}} na gandun daji na Chocó a cikin Las Tangaras Bird Reserve da kuma kare dafin zinari ''(Phyllobates terribilis)'' a Rana Terribilis Amphibian Reserve a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]], tare da Fundación ProAves ; £50,000 wanda Steve Backshall ya tara <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2015 |title=Celebrity Steve Backshall raises £50,000 for World Land Trust |url=https://www.discoveranimals.co.uk/news/celebrity-steve-backshall-raises-50000-for-world-land-trust/ |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=Discover Animals |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kafa hanyoyin giwayen Indiya a Indiya, tare da aiki tare da Asusun Duniya don Jin Dadin Dabbobi, Kwamitin Ƙasa na IUCN na Netherlands, Asusun Iyali da Namun Daji na Giwa na Indiya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=allenshaji |date=30 April 2017 |title=RIGHT OF PASSAGE: NATIONAL ELEPHANT CORRIDORS PROJECT |url=https://www.wti.org.in/projects/right-of-passage/ |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=Wildlife Trust of India |language=en-US}}</ref> * bincike a Iran kan nau'in cheetah na Iran, tare da ƙungiyar cheetah ta Iran. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Askarieh |first=Emad |date=9 March 2015 |title=Video by Iranian Cheetah Society nominated for top prize in WLT competition |url=https://ifpnews.com/image-by-iranian-cheetah-society-nominated-for-top-prize-in-wlt-competition |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=Iran Front Page |language=En}}</ref> * tara fam miliyan 1 don siyan filaye don haɗa yankuna biyu masu kariya na dazuzzukan daji da kuma ƙirƙirar hanyar Orangutan a Borneo na Malaysia, tare da LEAP da Hutan * siyan ƙasa a Saliyo Gorda a Mexico, tare da Grupo Ecológico Sierra Gorda <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrating Land Conservation – Grupo Ecológico Sierra Gorda IAP |url=https://sierragorda.net/en/celebrando-la-conservacion-de-tierras-2/ |access-date=2 July 2020 |language=en-US |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702123306/https://sierragorda.net/en/celebrando-la-conservacion-de-tierras-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * aiwatar da aikin REDD+ a cikin Dajin Atlantika na Paraguay tare da Guyra Paraguay <ref>{{Cite web |last=BirdLife International |title=Forests of Hope site - San Rafael, Paraguay |url=https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/projects/forests-hope-site-san-rafael-paraguay |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=BirdLife |language=en-us}}</ref> * Kafa aikin Filifin Teku da Dazuzzukan Ruwan Sama a [[Tsibirin Danjugan]] * Kites Hill Reserve, Gloucestershire, [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]], wanda aka ba da gudummawa ga Trust kuma ana kula da shi azaman wurin ajiyar yanayi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kites Hill Woodland Project |url=https://www.outdoorconservation.eu/project-detail.cfm?projectid=10 |access-date=2 July 2020 |website=Kites Hill Woodland Project |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702170110/https://www.outdoorconservation.eu/project-detail.cfm?projectid=10 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yaƙin neman zaɓen Jungle for Jaguars zai tara £600,000 don Shirin Corozal Sustainable Future don siye da kare {{Convert|33|km2|mi2}} a [[Belize]] * gudanar da Wyld Court (wanda yanzu ake kira The Living Rainforest ) - wani baje kolin dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi, a Hampstead Norreys . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Markham |first=Jackie |date=6 September 2016 |title=David Bellamy is wowed by the rainforest |url=https://www.newburytoday.co.uk/gallery/nostalgia/19179/david-bellamy-is-wowed-by-the-rainforest.html |access-date=1 July 2020 |website=Newbury Today }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == 17pawo77pekmb2bw5omsadaxe8ai9ti 0 132495 839180 793702 2026-05-22T21:30:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Wikimedia_Foundation_logo_-_vertical.svg|thumb|Alamar]] '''Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa''' shine babban jami'in gudanarwa a [[Gidauniyar Wikimedia]] . A da, wannan matsayin ana kiransa da '''[[Babban]] Daraktan Gidauniyar Wikimedia''' . <ref name="CEO history">{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Foundation/Chief Executive Officer/History - Meta |url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation/Chief_Executive_Officer/History |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=meta.wikimedia.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia Foundation |url=https://www.influencewatch.org/non-profit/wikimedia-foundation/ |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=www.influencewatch.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2023 |title=Former Wikimedia Foundation CEO Katherine Maher Joins CDT Board of Directors |url=https://cdt.org/press/former-wikimedia-foundation-ceo-katherine-maher-joins-cdt-board-of-directors/ |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Center for Democracy and Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katherine Maher |url=https://symposium.org/speaker/54th-st-gallen-symposium/katherine-maher |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=St. Gallen Symposium |language=en-US |archive-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250706220300/https://symposium.org/speaker/54th-st-gallen-symposium/katherine-maher |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Daraktocin Gudanarwa na Gidauniyar Wikimedia == {| class="wikitable" |+{{Screen reader-only|Executive Directors of the Wikimedia Foundation}} ! scope="col" |№  ! scope="col" |Image ! scope="col" |Name ! scope="col" |Term start ! scope="col" |Term end ! scope="col" |Ref |- |– |[[Fayil:WM2006_0037.jpg|frameless|119x119px]] |[[Brad Patrick]] (interim) |June 2006 |January 2007 |{{Efn|<ref name="CEO history" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKJuVGtwCqg |title=The why of Wikipedia: Bradford Patrick at TEDxSarasotaSalon |date=27 November 2012 |last=TEDx Talks |access-date=19 May 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2008 |title=Wikipedia founder's private troubles go public |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23470060 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2006 |title=Learning about Wikipedia from its Outside Legal Counsel {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/node/93209 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Two top Wikipedia officials resign |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/1650198/two-top-wikipedia-officials-resign.html |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Computerworld |language=en}}</ref>}} |- |1 |[[Fayil:Sue_Gardner_Headshot_A_(medium)_FULL.jpg|frameless|113x113px]] |Sue Gardner |December 2007 |May 2014 |{{Efn|<ref name="CEO history" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Jennifer C. |date=2015 |title=Wiki Women: Bringing Women Into Wikipedia through Activism and Pedagogy |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24810523 |journal=The History Teacher |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=412 |jstor=24810523 |issn=0018-2745}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2011 |title=Annual Conference & Exhibition |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23025364 |journal=American Libraries |volume=42 |issue=3/4 |pages=48–49 |jstor=23025364 |issn=0002-9769}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Humrickhouse |first1=Liz |last2=Kniffel |first2=Leonard |last3=Landgraf |first3=Greg |last4=Goodes |first4=Pamela A. |last5=Dominiak |first5=Jennifer |last6=Garcia |first6=Ed |last7=Gooch |first7=Mel |last8=Cognotes |date=2011 |title=Librarians Witness New Orleans' Recovery: More than 20,000 return to the city for Annual |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23025034 |journal=American Libraries |volume=42 |issue=7/8 |pages=50 |jstor=23025034 |issn=0002-9769}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMF2lbODcyM |title=Sue Gardner: WikiMedia's Cat Herder? |date=22 August 2012 |last=Forbes |access-date=19 May 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gRqtx9-A0c |title=INSIGHT: Sue Gardner - Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation |date=29 May 2013 |last=m/OppenheimTV |access-date=19 May 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref>}} |- |2 |[[Fayil:Lila_Tretikov_April_2014_(5)_crop.jpg|frameless|96x96px]] |[[Lila Tretikov]] |June 2014 |March 2016 |{{Efn|<ref name="CEO history" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQQ3bCT6sYM |title=Empowering Humanity in the Age of AI {{!}} Lila Tretikov (Fmr Wikipedia CEO) {{!}} TransformX 2022 |date=24 October 2022 |last=Scale AI |access-date=19 May 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2016 |title=Wikimedia head resigns over 'search engine' row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35668352 |access-date=19 May 2025 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Rob |title=The executive director of the nonprofit behind Wikipedia just resigned |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/wikimedia-foundation-executive-director-lila-tretikov-resigns-wikipedia-knowledge-engine-2016-2 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>}} |- |3 |[[Fayil:Katherine_Maher_in_2016.jpg|frameless|112x112px]] |[[Katherine Maher]] |March 2016 |29 January 2019 |{{Efn|<ref name="CEO history" /><ref name="TED 2022">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2gsj0EEE3I |title=What Wikipedia Teaches Us About Balancing Truth and Beliefs {{!}} Katherine Maher {{!}} TED |date=28 June 2022 |last=TED |access-date=19 May 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name="Zilber 2024">{{Cite web |last=Zilber |first=Ariel |date=18 April 2024 |title=NPR's Katherine Maher opposed 'free and open' approach at Wikipedia |url=https://nypost.com/2024/04/18/media/nprs-katherine-maher-opposed-free-and-open-approach-at-wikipedia/ |access-date=19 May 2025 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Atlantic Council">{{Cite web |title=Katherine Maher |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/expert/katherine-maher/ |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Atlantic Council |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Epic Human Podcast">{{Cite web |title=Running Wikipedia, with Katherine Maher |url=https://www.epichumanpod.com/episodes/blog-post-title-two-3y7k4 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Epic Human Podcast |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} |} == Manyan Jami'an Gidauniyar Wikimedia == {| class="wikitable" |+{{Screen reader-only|Chief Executive Officers of the Wikimedia Foundation}} ! scope="col" |№  ! scope="col" |Image ! scope="col" |Name ! scope="col" |Term start ! scope="col" |Term end ! scope="col" |Ref |- |1 |[[Fayil:Katherine_Maher_in_2016.jpg|frameless|112x112px]] |[[Katherine Maher]] |30 January 2019 |April 2021 |{{Efn|<ref name="CEO history" /><ref name="TED 2022" /><ref name="Zilber 2024" /><ref name="Atlantic Council" /><ref name="Epic Human Podcast" />}} |- |2 |[[Fayil:Maryana_Iskander_in_2022_01.jpg|frameless|118x118px]] |[[Maryana Iskander]] |January 2022 |January 2026 |{{Efn|<ref name="CEO history" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=Maryana Iskander B.A., M.Sc., '03 J.D. |url=https://www.yale.edu/board-trustees/current-trustees/maryana-iskander |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Yale University |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fried |first=Ina |date=6 May 2025 |title=Exclusive: Wikipedia CEO is leaving |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/05/06/wikimedia-ceo-maryana-iskander-leaving |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=Axios |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Derp936WkrM |title=How Wikipedia will survive AI, with CEO Maryana Iskander {{!}} Rapid Respomse |date=15 October 2024 |last=Rapid Response |access-date=19 May 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mellon Foundation |url=https://www.mellon.org/news/maryana-iskander-to-join-mellon-foundation-board-of-trustees |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=www.mellon.org |language=en}}</ref>}} |- |2 |[[Fayil:Meehan-12032025CK_0312_(cropped).jpg|frameless|112x112px]] |[[Bernadette Meehan]] |January 2026 | |{{Efn|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wikimedia Foundation |title=Wikimedia Foundation appoints Bernadette Meehan as Chief Executive Officer |url=https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2025/12/09/wikimedia-foundation-appoints-bernadette-meehan-as-chief-executive-officer/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |work=Wikimedia Foundation |date=9 December 2026}}</ref>}} |} == Bayanan kula == {{Notelist}} == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Wikipedia]] qn28sjge63xeiws3yz24d6qzm2tkoa6 0 132845 839294 772959 2026-05-23T09:34:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brett Eugene Woyan''' (10 ga Agusta 1960 - 8 ga Satumba 2023) ƙwararren mai horar da 'yan kokawa ne na Amurka kuma ƙwararren mai kokawa, wanda aka fi sani da sunan zoben '''Brett Sawyer''' . <ref name="Russo"/> <ref name="Cagematch">{{Cite web |title=Brett Sawyer |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=5170 |access-date=August 27, 2017 |website=Cagematch.de |archive-date=October 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012053428/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Woyan ya girma a St. Petersburg, Florida . Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Dixie M. Hollins, inda ya shiga cikin kokawa ta masu son kokawa . <ref name="Russo"/> == Aikin kokawa na ƙwararru == [[Fayil:Buzz_Sawyer_and_Brett_Sawyer_1980s.png|thumb|Brett (dama) da Buzz Sawyer (hagu), kusan shekarun 1980]] Ricky Steamboat da babban ɗan'uwansa Bruce Woyan ne suka horar da Woyan don yin kokawa. Ya fara buga wasa a shekarar 1976 yana ɗan shekara 16. <ref name="Russo">{{Cite web |last=Russo, Ric |date=October 20, 2000 |title=What Ever Happened to...Brett Sawyer? |url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2000-10-20/entertainment/0010200077_1_brett-sawyer-professional-wrestling-wrestling-school |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629232802/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2000-10-20/entertainment/0010200077_1_brett-sawyer-professional-wrestling-wrestling-school |archive-date=June 29, 2013 |access-date=August 27, 2017 |website=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |publisher=[[Tronc]]}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe Woyan ya karɓi sunan zoben "Hacksaw" Brett Sawyer kuma ya kafa ƙungiyar tag tare da ɗan'uwansa. A farkon shekarun 1980, Sawyer ya fafata don haɓɓaka gasar kokawa ta Pacific Northwest da ke Portland, Oregon . Tsakanin 1982 da 1984, ya riƙe gasar NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship sau huɗu da kuma gasar NWA Pacific Northwest Tag Team Championship sau biyar. <ref name="Russo" /> <ref name="CagematchTitles">{{Cite web |title=Brett Sawyer: Titles |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=5170&page=11 |access-date=August 28, 2017 |website=Cagematch.de |archive-date=September 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909160826/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=5170&page=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarun 1983 da 1984, Sawyers sun fafata a gasar Wrestling ta Georgia Championship da ke [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], inda suka fafata da The Road Warriors, inda suka kayar da su a gasar NWA National Tag Team Championship a shekarar 1983. Sawyer ya kuma lashe gasar NWA National Heavyweight Championship a shekarar 1983. <ref name="Russo" /> <ref name="CagematchTitles" /> <ref name="Lentz" /> <ref name="LaurinaitisWright2011">{{Cite book|last3=Road Warrior Animal}}</ref> A shekarar 1984, Sawyer ya yi kokawa a gasar Wrestling ta Southwest Championship da ke [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], inda ya lashe gasar SCW Southwest Tag Team Championship tare da Chicky Starr. <ref name="CagematchTitles" /> <ref name="Lentz" /> A farkon 1985, Sawyer ya fara kokawa don Jim Crockett Promotions da ke Charlotte, North Carolina, inda shi da ɗan'uwansa suka sha kashi a wasan " mai rashin nasara " da suka fafata da The Midnight Express a watan Satumbar 1985. <ref name="CagematchCareer" /> A ƙarshen 1985, ya yi kokawa don tallata Heart of America Sports Attractions da ke Kansas City, Missouri, inda ya lashe gasar NWA Central States Heavyweight Championship . <ref name="CagematchTitles"/> Sawyer ya koma Jim Crockett Promotions a 1986, inda ya fafata a gasar Jim Crockett Sr. Memorial Cup Tag Team Tournament . <ref name="CagematchCareer" /> A 1987, Sawyer da ɗan'uwansa sun yi rangadin Japan tare da New Japan Pro-Wrestling, suna fafatawa a gasar NJPW New Year Dash 1987. <ref name="CagematchCareer" /> A 1989, Sawyer ya yi kokawa don Championship Wrestling daga Florida, inda ya haɗu da Jim Backlund a matsayin "The Playboys". 'Yan wasan biyu sun yi gasar cin kofin NWA ta Florida Tag Team Championship na ɗan lokaci a lokacin bazara na 1989. <ref name="CagematchTitles" /> A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, 'yan'uwan Sawyer sun horar da Ken Shamrock don yin kokawa. <ref name="ShamrockFleming2012">{{Cite book|last3=Frank Shamrock}}</ref> A shekarar 1991, Sawyer ya yi kokawa sau uku a gasar kokawa ta Duniya a matsayin "Brett Wayne". <ref name="CagematchCareer">{{Cite web |title=Brett Sawyer: Career |url=https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=5170&page=20 |access-date=August 28, 2017 |website=Cagematch.de |archive-date=October 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012053428/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sawyer ya yi ritaya daga kokawa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 1998. <ref name="Cagematch"/> Ya buɗe makarantar kokawa ta ƙwararru a St. Petersburg, Florida mai suna Mad Dog's Palace School of Professional Wrestling. <ref name="Russo"/> == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == Babban ɗan'uwan Woyan, Bruce Alan Woyan, shi ma ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne a ƙarƙashin sunan Buzz Sawyer . A ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1992, Bruce Woyan ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya da ya haifar da shan ƙwayoyi fiye da kima. [1] Ɗan'uwan Woyan, ɗan Bruce Woyan, Travis, shi ma ya yi kokawa. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] ====MANAZARTA==== 2jt7s2cba29gt5gj4zkqm28a0bqkmsv 0 133854 839126 800221 2026-05-22T20:15:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Azita Raji''' ( Persian , Satumba 29, 1961 &#x2013; Fabrairu 6, 2022) ta kasance jami'ar diflomasiyya 'yar asalin ƙasar Iran, ma'aikaciyar banki, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Shugaba [[Barack Obama]] ya zaɓe ta a watan Oktoban 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> don ta zama jakadar Amurka a [[Sweden|Masarautar Sweden]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2014 |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/23/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> kuma Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta tabbatar da ita baki ɗaya a watan Fabrairun 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2015 |title=America's Empty Embassies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/opinion/americas-empty-embassies.html?_r=0 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2016 |title=For Norway, an Envoy; For Cruz, a Street Name |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/13/us/politics/ted-cruz-is-appeased-and-norway-and-sweden-get-ambassadors.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2016 |title=Kerry Finally Fills Top Positions at State |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/17/john-kerrys-leadership-team-comes-into-formation-after-confirmations/ |publisher=ForeignPolicy.com}}</ref> Ta gabatar da takardun shaidarta ga Sarki Carl XVI Gustaf a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2016, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sweden |first=U. S. Mission |date=March 22, 2016 |title=Ambassador to Sweden presents her credentials |url=https://se.usembassy.gov/ambassador-to-sweden-presents-her-credentials/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 15, 2016 |title=Formal audiences at the Royal Palace of Stockholm |url=http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/latestnews/2016/2016/formalaudiencesattheroyalpalaceofstockholm.5.274e83ca152f44100912ec8.html |publisher=U.S. Embassy in Sweden |access-date=January 8, 2026 |archive-date=November 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119210642/https://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/latestnews/2016/2016/formalaudiencesattheroyalpalaceofstockholm.5.274e83ca152f44100912ec8.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ta kammala aikinta a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2017 |title=The King holds a farewell audience with the USA's ambassador |url=http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/latestnews/latestnews/thekingholdsafarewellaudiencewiththeusasambassador.5.2647d2fa159447c25a59ac.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119210647/https://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/royalfamily/latestnews/latestnews/thekingholdsafarewellaudiencewiththeusasambassador.5.2647d2fa159447c25a59ac.html |archive-date=November 19, 2021 |access-date=February 10, 2017 |publisher=U.S. Embassy in Sweden}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2017 |title=DN Debatt. "Inclusion, freedom, and democracy are non-negotiable values" |url=https://www.dn.se/debatt/inclusion-freedom-and-democracy-are-non-negotiable-values/ |publisher=DN.debatt}}</ref> An zaɓi Jakada Raji don samun lambar yabo mafi girma ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ga jakada mara aiki, wato kyautar Sue M. Cobb don aikin diflomasiyya mai kyau . Ita ce jakadar Amurka ta farko mace a Sweden, haka kuma ita ce 'yar Amurka ta farko 'yar asalin Iran da ta yi aiki a matsayin jakadar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta a [[Tehran]], Iran, kuma ta kammala karatunta na sakandare a Lausanne, [[Switzerland]], inda ta fafata a gasar ƙasa a matsayin mai wasan tsalle-tsalle da wasan dara, kafin ta koma Amurka tana da shekaru 17. <ref name="Payvand Iran News">{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2014 |title=Iranian-American woman Azita Raji Nominated For Ambassador To Sweden |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/14/oct/1147.html |publisher=Payvand Iran News}}</ref> Ta sami digirin farko a fannin zane- zane a shekarar 1983 da kuma Faransanci daga Kwalejin Barnard, Jami'ar Columbia, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci a shekarar 1991 a fannin Kudi daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia . <ref name="com" /> Raji ta zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a shekarar 1988. <ref name="com">{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2016 |title=US Confirms First Iranian-American Ambassador |url=http://www.us-iran.org/news/2016/3/9/jq49yzuygwh8pww013ocb7asc4k1zy |access-date=February 9, 2022 |publisher=US Iran.org |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210030643/http://www.us-iran.org/news/2016/3/9/jq49yzuygwh8pww013ocb7asc4k1zy |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == === Kuɗi da taimakon jama'a === Raji ta kasance mai nazarin harkokin kuɗi mai suna Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) kuma ta kasance memba a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kuɗi mai suna Chartered Financial Analysts tun 1991. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> Ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Bretton Woods, wata ƙungiya mai ƙarfi da ke tallafawa cibiyoyin kuɗi na duniya kamar Bankin Duniya da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2014 |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/23/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> Tun da farko a aikinta na bankin saka hannun jari na duniya, ta riƙe manyan mukamai a kamfanoni ciki har da JP Morgan &amp;amp; Co., Salomon Brothers da Drexel Burnham Lambert . <ref name="White House">{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2013 |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/09/06/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> Ayyukan agaji na baya na Raji sun haɗa da ayyuka da yawa na jagoranci a ɓangaren agaji: <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> Amintacce kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa, Kwalejin Barnard, Jami'ar Columbia; Hukumar Ba da Shawara, Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia Cibiyar Tamer don Harkokin Jama'a; Shugabar Kafa, Cibiyar Nazarin Jagoranci ta Athena a Kwalejin Barnard, Jami'ar Columbia; Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Tattalin Arziki, Cibiyar Ci gaban Amurka ; Darakta, Haɗin gwiwar Ƙasa ga Mata &amp;amp; Iyalai . <ref name="Payvand Iran News"/> === Siyasa === [[Fayil:2016_Nobel_Reception_US_Embassy_Sweden_(31222132190).jpg|right|thumb|Raji tare da wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel ta 2016 David J. Thouless]] A shekarar 2008, Raji ta bar ɓangaren kuɗi ta mai da hankali kan siyasar ƙasa. A shekarar 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Asusun Nasara na Ƙasa kuma shugabar Asusun Nasara na Swing State na kamfen ɗin Obama. Raji ta kasance memba a kwamitin ba da shawara na ƙasa na Kwamitin Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Democrat kuma memba a Kwamitin Kuɗi na Ƙasa na Obama don Amurka daga 2008 zuwa 2012. A shekarar 2013, Shugaba Obama ya naɗa Raji don yin aiki a matsayin Kwamishina a Kwamitin Shugaban Ƙasa kan 'Yan Majalisa na Fadar White House . [Bugu da ƙari, an naɗa Raji a matsayin Kwamishina na Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery . A ranar 4 ga Yuli, 2016, an karrama Raji a matsayin wanda aka karrama a matsayin Babban Baƙi : The Pride of America, wanda kamfanin Carnegie Corporation na New York ke karramawa kowace shekara don ƙarfafa 'yan ƙasar Amurka da suka zama 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban al'ummar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2016, a matsayinsa na Jakadan Amurka a Sweden, Raji ya karanta wasiƙar [[Bob Dylan]] ga Kwamitin Nobel a madadinsa a lokacin liyafar Nobel a [[Stockholm]], don girmama Dylan da aka ba shi kyautar Nobel ta 2016 a fannin Adabi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2015 |title=America's Empty Embassies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/opinion/americas-empty-embassies.html?_r=0 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2016 |title=For Norway, an Envoy; For Cruz, a Street Name |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/13/us/politics/ted-cruz-is-appeased-and-norway-and-sweden-get-ambassadors.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Raji ya kasance wanda aka karrama a shekarar 2017 a lambar yabo ta Ellis Island Medal of Honor <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2014 |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/23/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> kuma ya sami kyautar Joan Rivers Trailblazer Award ta Kwalejin Barnard ta 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2015 |title=America's Empty Embassies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/opinion/americas-empty-embassies.html?_r=0 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Raji ta rayu kuma ta yi aiki a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Latin Amurka, Turai, da Gabas Mai Nisa kuma ta iya harsuna da dama, ciki har da [[Farisawa|Farisanci]] da Faransanci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> Ta auri Gary Syman, tsohon abokin tarayya na Goldman Sachs . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2014 |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/23/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyar da jikoki bakwai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2015 |title=America's Empty Embassies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/opinion/americas-empty-embassies.html?_r=0 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Raji ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2022, a Belvedere, California sakamakon cutar kansar mama da ta kama shi yana da shekaru 60. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2015 |title=Report for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2014-SWEDEN-Raji_Comp_Statement.pdf |publisher=The White House}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2014 |title=President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/10/23/president-obama-announces-more-key-administration-posts |website=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2015 |title=America's Empty Embassies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/29/opinion/americas-empty-embassies.html?_r=0 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> == Labarai da aka buga == * [[commons:File:TNSR_Vol_3_Issue_1_Raji.pdf|Hankali da Ba Da Muhimmanci: Jagorancin Amurka a Zamanin Rashin Tabbas]] - Sharhin Tsaron Kasa na Texas, Disamba 16, 2019 * [https://warontherocks.com/2019/04/the-partnership-for-peace-a-quiet-nato-success-story/ Haɗin gwiwa don Zaman Lafiya: Labarin Nasarar NATO Mai Natsuwa] - Yaƙi a Kan Duwatsu, 4/8/19 * [https://warontherocks.com/2018/08/the-perils-of-playing-footsie-in-military-boots-trident-juncture-and-natos-nordic-front/ Hadarin Wasan Kwallon Kafa a Takalma na Soja: Trident Juncture da NATO's Nordic Front] - War On The Rocks, 8/20/18 * [https://warontherocks.com/2018/06/trumps-tariffs-and-the-future-of-transatlantic-ties/ Tarin Kuɗin Trump da Makomar Alaƙar Tsakanin Ƙasashen Tekun Atlantika] - Yaƙi a Kan Duwatsu, 6/5/18 * [https://warontherocks.com/2018/05/if-the-transatlantic-relationship-sneezes-will-nato-catch-a-cold/ Idan Hulɗar Transatlantic Ta Yi Atishawa, Shin NATO Za Ta Iya Kamuwa Da Sanyi?] - Yaƙi a Kan Duwatsu, 5/21/18 * [https://warontherocks.com/2018/02/salvaging-trumps-legacy-europe-fixing-nato-burden-sharing/ Ceton Gado na Trump a Turai: Gyara Raba Nauyin NATO] - Yaƙi a Kan Duwatsu, 2/26/18 * [https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-cold-war-with-scandinavia-1503961052/ Yaƙin Cacar Baki na Rasha da Scandinavia] - Jaridar Wall Street, 8/28/17 * [https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/07/07/trump-should-urge-europe-to-resist-putins-pipeline-politics/ Ya Kamata Trump Ya Bukaci Turai Ta Yi Watsi Da Siyasar Putin] - Manufofin Harkokin Waje, 7/7/17 * [https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/05/15/trump-is-overlooking-an-obvious-u-s-partner/ Trump Yana Kauce Wa Daga Abokin Hulɗar Amurka Mai Bayyananne] - Manufofin Harkokin Waje, 5/15/17 * [http://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-nikki-haley-refugee-ban-immigration-550269/ Haramcin Shige da Fice na Trump: Wasikar Buɗaɗɗiyar Wasiƙa da Tsohuwar Jakadar Amurka Ta Yi Wa Nikki Haley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627212406/https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-nikki-haley-refugee-ban-immigration-550269 |date=2022-06-27 }} - Newsweek, 1/31/17 * [https://www.dn.se/debatt/tolerans-demokrati-och-frihet-inte-forhandlingsbart/ Haɗa kai, 'Yanci, da Dimokuraɗiyya Ba Za a Iya Tattaunawa Ba] - DN Debatt, Janairu 21, 2017 * [https://www.newsweek.com/azita-raji-ambassador-sweden-barack-obama-inauguration-544165/ Riƙon Ɗabi'un Amurka Aiki Na Ne A Rayuwata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530060252/https://www.newsweek.com/azita-raji-ambassador-sweden-barack-obama-inauguration-544165 |date=2024-05-30 }} - Newsweek, 1/20/17Manazarta{{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8gidzmoq8u526ieneo9oecji570ce41 0 136152 839079 800210 2026-05-22T18:49:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aurore Chabot''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949) wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai yin zane-zane, sassaka da aka jefa a ƙafa ta amfani da faranti da terracotta, da kuma zane-zanen tayal na yumbu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Chabot, Aurore – John Michael Kohler Arts Center |url=https://www.jmkac.org/artist/chabot-aurore/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503085958/https://www.jmkac.org/artist/chabot-aurore/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Chabot a shekarar 1949 a Nashua, [[New Hampshire]], kuma ta girma a Wilton, New Hampshire, a cikin babban iyali, inda take ƙarama. Chabot ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin zane-zane daga Cibiyar Pratt a shekarar 1971. Ta yi karatu tare da Regis Brodie a Kwalejin Skidmore a shekarar 1974, inda ta kammala karatunta na Raku. Daga nan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin zane-zane daga Jami'ar Colorado a shekarar 1981. == Sana'a == Ta fara aikinta na bayan kwaleji a matsayin mai gyaran yumbu a wani sitidiyo a Bowery, a birnin New York, wanda ta raba tare da Peggy DuPont. A shekarar 1974 ta sami tallafi daga Majalisar Jihar New York kan Fasaha, ɗaya daga cikin kyaututtuka da yawa da ta samu daga baya. Tallafin Majalisar kan Fasaha ya ba ta damar kafa ɗakin zane-zane a Broadalbin, NY. Ta ƙaura zuwa Broadalbin, NY tare da mijinta na lokacin, Douglas Kabat (1946-), wanda ta rabu da shi a shekara ta 1975 kuma ta sake shi a shekara ta 1978. Ta koyar a Jami'ar Vermont, kuma tun daga shekarar 1988 ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Arizona, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aurore Chabot |url=https://art.arizona.edu/people/directory/aurorec/ |access-date=9 June 2019 |website=University of Arizona |archive-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609002242/https://art.arizona.edu/people/directory/aurorec/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> inda ta jagoranci shirin yumbu. Ta daɗe tana aiki a Majalisar Ilimi ta Ƙasa don Fasahar Yumbu, tana aiki a matsayin Darakta a Manyan daga 1999 zuwa 2001 da Daraktan Buga Littattafai daga 2001 zuwa 2004 kuma an naɗa ta a Kwamitin Zaɓe na Kaka 2012 da Bazara 2013. <ref name="arizona.edu">{{Cite web |title=Aurore Chabot – School of Art |url=http://art.arizona.edu/people/directory/aurorec/ |access-date=14 May 2017 |website=art.arizona.edu |archive-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627022056/http://art.arizona.edu/people/directory/aurorec/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi nasarar kammala manyan ayyukan fasaha na ƙasa guda biyu, kuma an gayyace ta zuwa shirye-shiryen fasaha da dama da suka ziyarta. Chabot ta sami lambar yabo ta Gwamna a 1990, kuma ta yi baje kolin fasaha sosai a lokacin aikinta, inda ta lashe kyaututtuka da dama <ref name="HellerHeller2013" /> gami da wasu tallafi daga National Endowment for the Arts . <ref name="arizona.edu" /> An nuna fasaharta a cikin nune-nunen ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje sama da ɗari, da kuma littattafai da mujallu daban-daban. <ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] 61x2oczozrawe94ufiojw1i3rdjwrqd 0 141233 839183 832730 2026-05-22T21:39:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Babban Masallacin Adana''' wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Masallacin Ramazanoglu''', [[masallaci]] ne na ƙarni na 16 a [[Adana]], Turkiyya. Yana cikin wani rukunin gidaje (''külliye'') wanda ya haɗa da [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]] da kabari (''türbe''). Ginin yana kan titin Kızılay, kusa da Ramazanoğlu Hall. == Tarihi == An fara gina masallacin a shekarar 1513 a ƙarƙashin [[Ramazanoğlu]] Halil Bey kuma an kammala shi a ƙarƙashin ɗansa kuma magajinsa, [[Piri Mehmed Pasha|Piri Mehmet Paşa]], a shekarar 1541.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramazanoglu Camii |url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/4021 |access-date=29 June 2024 |website=Archnet }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tsawon shekaru 450, har zuwa lokacin da aka gina [[Sabancı Merkez Camii]], masallacin shine mafi girma a Adana. Ya lalace a [[1998 Adana–Ceyhan earthquake|girgizar ƙasa ta Adana-Ceyhan ta shekarar 1998]], kuma an kammala gyaransa ta Babban Daraktan Gidaje (Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü) a shekarar 2004. == Masallacin == Ginin yana da abubuwan da aka ƙera a gine-ginen Mamluk, Seljuk, da Ottoman . Ƙofar yamma ta tsufa fiye da babban ginin kuma ta bambanta da salon da Ramazanoğlu Halil Bey ya gina. Rufin stalactite mai siffar ƙoƙo, wanda ke hawa mataki-mataki a saman ƙofar yana da fasalin gine-ginen Seljukid. Yana nuna cewa Ramadanids, ƙaramin beylik (Emirate) a farkon ƙarni na 16, ya fara gina ƙaramin masallaci sannan daga baya ya gina babban ginin da ke kusa da shi yayin da ''beylik'' ya faɗaɗa kuma ƙaramin masallacin bai isa ba. Masallacin gaba ɗaya, yana da tsarin murabba'i mai girman {{Convert|34.5|x|32.5|m|ft}}. Ana shiga farfajiyar ta manyan ƙofofi a gefen yamma da gabas. Sashen arewa na farfajiyar an rufe shi da rufin katako wanda aka ɗora a kan ginshiƙai don haka zai iya zama faɗaɗa zuwa ɗakin addu'a da kuma wurin yin addu'a a lokacin bazara. A ƙarshen gabas na farfajiyar, ƙofar da ke gefen babban zauren an yi mata ado da faranti baƙi da fari na marmara. An yi wa baka masu kusurwa huɗu ado da siffofi masu siffar stalactite da furanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selçuklu Memluk ve Osmanlı mimarisiden bir esinti: Ulu Cami(Turkish) |url=http://www.adanadan.biz/icerik.asp?ICID=167 |access-date=January 5, 2010 |publisher=adanadan.biz |archive-date=July 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725154758/http://adanadan.biz/icerik.asp?ICID=167 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babban zauren addu'a yana da faɗin tsarin murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu kuma ya ƙunshi hanyoyi biyu na gefen ruwa guda biyar da aka raba da ginshiƙai masu goyon bayan baka masu kusurwa huɗu. An yi wa ''[[mihrab]]'' ado da tayal ɗin Iznik kuma an yi masa fenti da baƙaƙen allunan marmara. An ƙara tayal ɗin Iznik, waɗanda kuma suka ƙawata bangon ''[[Alƙibila|qibl]]'', bayan 1552.{{Sfn|Goodwin|1971}} Minaret ɗin, kusa da ƙofar gabas ta farfajiyar, yana da baranda mai rufi kuma yana nuna tasirin Mamluk . An yi wa wajen minaret ado da duwatsu masu launuka biyu daban-daban. == Madrasah == [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasah]] ɗin masallacin yana gefen gabas na masallacin kuma an bayyana shi a cikin takardun farko da 'Tsohuwar Madrasah'. [[Fayil:Ramazanoğlu_Medrese.JPG|right|thumb|200x200px|Ƙofar]] Akwai ƙwayoyin dervish a gefen gabas, yamma, da kudu na farfajiyar da ke da murabba'i, waɗanda gefunansu suka kai mita 23 (ƙafa 75). Babban ajin ('''''divanhane''''') an rufe shi a gefen arewa na farfajiyar, tare da kusurwoyi biyu masu baya-baya. Tsawon waje na Madrasah daga gabas zuwa yamma shine mita 32.8 (ƙafa 108). [[Fayil:Ramazanoğlu_Medrese2.JPG|left|thumb|200x200px|Farfajiyar Gida]] [[Fayil:Ramazanoğlu_Medrese3.JPG|right|thumb|200x200px|Wurin addu'a]] Bango na baya na reshe na gabas, bututun hayaki, da kuma ɓangaren arewa na ajin an yi su ne da tubali; sauran madrasah an yi su ne da farin dutse. Duk da cewa bangon ciki na ƙwayoyin an lulluɓe su da siminti, saman waje ba a lulluɓe su ba. Tsarin ajin masallacin a matsayin wani wuri mai kusurwa biyu da ke bayan gida da kuma jerin ƙwayoyin dervish da ke kewaye da farfajiyar ya bambanta [[Makarantar Islamiyya|makarantun]] masallacin da na Seljukid da [[Daular Usmaniyya|na Ottoman]] . Kasancewar mafi tsufa a cikin makarantun Ramazanoğlu, wani fasali na musamman, kamar makarantun Yağ Camii, shine bangon dutse na gaban aji da bangon tubali na baya. Kayan ado na geometric da ke kan tagar yamma na aji iri ɗaya ne da na baka a ƙofar masallacin. === Kayan ado === An yi wa ƙofar madrasah ado da ƙyalli mai gefuna. An yi wa rubutun ado da tabarmar dabino (glyphs masu siffar fanka) da ƙananan tambari. Tagogi na biyu daga cikin biyu masu kusurwa huɗu a bangon gabas da yamma na zauren an yi musu zane mai siffar geometric wanda ke samar da hanyar haɗin layin zare tare da abin duba da taurari masu hannu shida tare da fure mai ganye shida a tsakiya. Ba a kammala kayan ado na taga a bangon gabas ba. === Rubutu da kuma chronogram === Rubutun da ke kan madrasah kawai shi ne layuka biyu na rubutun ''thuluth'' a ƙofar kambi. Rubutun ya ce: "Ɗan Halil Bey, Piri, ya gina wannan madrasa mai tsarki, yana buƙatar rahamar Allah, a shekara ta tara da bakwai, a tsakiyar watan [[Muharram]], a zamanin [[Suleiman Mai Girma|Sarki Sultan Sulaiman]] mafi girma kuma mafi shahara - Allah ya kare shi - domin Allah." Tsarin lokaci ya nuna cewa an kammala makarantar a watan Mayu na shekarar 1540. Duk da cewa an san mai gina makarantar da Ramazanoğlu Piri Pasha, ba a san mai ginin ba. == Kabarin Ramadani == Mausoleum (''türbe'') na Ramadanids yana dauke da sarcophagi na Halil Bey da 'ya'yan Piri Paşa, Mehmet Bey da Mustafa Bey. Sabanin yawancin kabarin Seljuk, an gina kabarin masallacin gabas da masallacin, kuma duk da cewa yana kusa da masallacin, ba a haɗa shi da shi ba. An rufe sarcophagi da tayal na ƙarni na 16. A gefen gaba na sarcophagi akwai rubuce-rubuce a kan tayal ɗin—rubutun da aka rubuta a cikin irin wannan nau'in sun nuna cewa duk an rubuta su ne bayan Maris 1552. Banda kabarin masallacin da kuma Yeşil Türbe da ke [[Bursa]], babu wasu misalan kabarin da aka rufe da tayal. Tsarin masallacin yayi kama da wanda aka gina a [[Tsakiyar Asiya]]. === Kabarin da ke wajen masallacin === Akwai kuma wani kabari a kudancin masallacin wanda yake tsaye a matsayin gini mai zaman kansa. Yana da siffar hexagon kuma an rufe shi da babban kumfa. Tunda babu rubutu a kan kabarin, ba a san mutanen da ke zaune da kuma ranar da aka gina shi ba. Ganin cewa yana da nisan mita 2 kacal daga kabarin masallacin, ana tsammanin kabarin na iya zama na dangin Ramadan. An gina kabarin a salon baroque, tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 18. == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_01.JPG|alt=Eastern entrance and minaret| Shigar gabas da minaret Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_02.JPG|alt=Minaret balcony| Baranda na Minaret Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_03.JPG|alt=Interior courtyard| Farfajiyar ciki Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_04.JPG|alt=Entrance to the prayer hall| Shiga zauren addu'a Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_05.JPG|alt=Interior view| Kallon ciki Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_06.JPG|alt=Courtyard| Farfajiyar Gida Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_07.JPG|alt=Wall notice| Sanarwa ta Bango Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_08.JPG|alt=Exterior of complex| Waje na hadaddun abubuwa Fayil:Ulucamimeyavuz2008_12_26_09.JPG|alt=Main dome| Babban kumfa Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Cami_Exterior_from_northwest_4997.jpg|alt=View from the street on the north side| Duba daga titin da ke gefen arewa Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Cami_West_entrance_and_its_dome_in_2006_1918.jpg|alt=Dome in the west and top east entrance| Dome a yamma da ƙofar gabas ta sama Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_1908.jpg|alt=View into the courtyard| Duba cikin farfajiyar Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Cami_Courtyard_from_under_son_cemaat_yeri_in_2004_8619.jpg|alt=View into the courtyard| Duba cikin farfajiyar Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_1909.jpg|alt=Part of the minaret| Wani ɓangare na minaret Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_5000.jpg| Mihrab Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_At_or_to_balcony_5003.jpg|alt=Interior with mihrab and minber| Cikin gida mai mihrab da min Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_7th_Grup_Çini_7697.jpg| Sarcophagi Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8647.jpg|alt=View from minaret| Duba daga minaret Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8648.jpg|alt=View from minaret| Duba daga minaret Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8649.jpg|alt=View from minaret| Duba daga minaret Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8650.jpg|alt=View from minaret| Duba daga minaret Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8651.jpg|alt=View from minaret| Duba daga minaret Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8652.jpg|alt=View from minaret halfway up| Duba daga minaret a tsakiyar sama Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8653.jpg|alt=View from minaret halfway up| Duba daga minaret a tsakiyar sama Fayil:Adana_Ulu_Camii_8654.jpg|alt=View from minaret halfway up| Duba daga minaret a tsakiyar sama </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s7x53tr29tm1trptfs75xurgeg3gfm3 0 142476 839041 801591 2026-05-22T14:18:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Antonia Kay Bance''' 'Yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wacce ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki ta Tipton da Wednesbury tun daga shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tipton & Wednesbury {{!}} General Election 2024 {{!}} Sky News |url=https://election.news.sky.com/elections/general-election-2024/tipton-and-wednesbury-583 |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=election.news.sky.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227210132/https://election.news.sky.com/elections/general-election-2024/tipton-and-wednesbury-583 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Bance ya girma ne a Kudancin London . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=25 October 2004 |title=Labour hopeful lends Kerry a hand |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/6561669.labour-hopeful-lends-kerry-hand/ |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=[[Oxford Mail]] |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a Tarihi daga [[Jami'ar Oxford]], inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Dalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2024 |title=The new MPs who could influence higher education |url=https://inhouse.london/informed/the-new-mps-who-could-influence-higher-education/ |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=iNHouse Communications |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == Bance ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kamfen da sadarwa na Trades Union Congress. Daga 2011–2014, ita ce shugabar kamfen na mafaka . [1] Antonia ta kuma yi aiki a kan kamfen da manufofin jama'a na Asusun Tunawa da Diana, Oxfam da YWCA. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Bance daraktan manufofi da sadarwa na ƙungiyar agaji ta SafeLives a fannin cin zarafin cikin gida a tsakanin 2014-15. [2] == Ayyukan siyasa == Bance ya kasance dan takarar Jam'iyyar Labour na Oxford West da Abingdon a Babban zaben shekara ta 2005. <ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2005 |title=Election 2005 {{!}} Results {{!}} Oxford West & Abingdon |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/vote2005/html/450.stm |access-date=20 December 2025 |website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> An zabe ta a Majalisar Birnin Oxford a shekara ta 2006, tana wakiltar Rose Hill da Iffley, kuma an sake zabar ta a shekara ta 2010. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rallings |first=Colin |last2=Thrasher |first2=Michael |title=Oxford City Council Election Results 1973-2012 |url=https://www.electionscentre.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Oxford-1973-2012.pdf |website=The Elections Centre}}</ref> Ta yi murabus daga Majalisar a 2013 don mayar da hankali kan aikinta a Shelter . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Whittaker |first=Freddie |date=12 March 2013 |title=Antonia Bance joins Joe McManners in standing down from Oxford City Council |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10283204.antonia-bance-joins-joe-mcmanners-standing-oxford-city-council/ |website=[[Oxford Mail]]}}</ref> Bance ya goyi bayan Jon Cruddas a Zaben mataimakin shugabancin Labour na 2007, [1] da kuma Ed Balls a Zaben shugabanci na 2010. [2] Ta goyi bayan Bridget Phillipson a Zaben mataimakin shugabanci na 2025.[3] == Rayuwa ta mutum == Bance 'yar luwaɗi ce.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Woolcock |first=Nicola |date=22 January 2004 |title='Lesbians want families just like everyone else' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1452279/Lesbians-want-families-just-like-everyone-else.html |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Andrew |date=5 July 2024 |title=Number of out LGBTQ+ MPs falls following election – but Labour has a reason to be proud |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2024/07/05/lgbtq-mps-general-election/#page/6 |website=[[PinkNews]]}}</ref> Tana da 'yar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bance |first=Antonia |date=8 October 2024 |title=VAT: Independent Schools |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2024-10-08/debates/7E4FE246-D0E2-46B9-BFB8-546BFA17FA84/details |website=[[Hansard]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0tnfr399kkgpm2d2qhr5tzxc6309vt6 0 142546 839032 801775 2026-05-22T13:07:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anneliese Midgley''' 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin ' yar majalisar dokoki ta Knowsley tun daga shekarar 2024. Ita tsohuwar babbar jami'ar ƙungiyar kwadago ce kuma jami'ar jam'iyyar Labour. A majalisar dokoki, tana aiki a matsayin Sakatare na ƙungiyar 'yan majalisar kwadago ta ƙungiyar kwadago . == Rayuwar farko == Midgley ta girma a ƙauyen Stockbridge, wanda a da aka fi sani da Cantril Farm. An ƙaura da iyayen Midgley zuwa can daga Everton da Liverpool. Mahaifinta yana aiki a kamfanin kera motoci na Ford Halewood da ke kusa, wanda yanzu ake kira Jaguar Land Rover Halewood. Ta yaba da aikin mahaifinta mai aminci da haɗin kai a matsayin abin da ya samar wa iyalin kwanciyar hankali kuma ya ba su damar siyan gidansu daga ƙarshe. Ya mutu shekaru uku kafin zaɓen Midgley a Majalisar Dokoki. [1] == Aikin siyasa == Midgley ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Siyasa na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Ƙasa da kuma na Majalisar Ƙungiyar Ƙwadago . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thorp |first=Liam |date=2024-02-17 |title=Anneliese Midgley wins Knowsley Labour selection fight |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/anneliese-midgley-wins-knowsley-labour-28653716 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=Liverpool Echo |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a madadin Ken Livingstone a City Hall a lokacin da yake Magajin Garin Landan, a yakin neman zaben shugabancin Jeremy Corbyn a shekarar 2015 (ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata), daga baya kuma ta shiga tawagar Keir Starmer a matsayin babban mai ba da shawara a bangaren adawa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Rodgers |first=Sienna |date=2020-05-20 |title=Unite's Anneliese Midgley appointed as senior special adviser to Keir Starmer |url=https://labourlist.org/2020/05/unites-anneliese-midgley-appointed-as-senior-special-adviser-to-keir-starmer/ |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=LabourList |language=en-GB}}</ref> Midgley ita ce wadda Sir Keir Starmer ta fara zaɓa domin muƙamin Sakatare Janar na Jam'iyyar Labour, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Syal |first=Rajeev |date=4 May 2020 |title=Who will be Labour general secretary? Some possible contenders |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/may/04/labour-general-secretary-starmers-runners-and-riders |website=The Guardian}}</ref> duk da cewa ba ta tsaya takarar muƙamin ba. <ref name=":1"/> == Aikin majalisar dokoki == A watan Fabrairun 2024, an zaɓe ta don ta maye gurbin ɗan majalisar dokoki ta Knowsley George Howarth da ta daɗe tana aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa a zaɓen gama gari na Burtaniya na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhagudia |first=Pratham |date=2024-02-20 |title=Trade Unionist Anneliese Midgley wins Labour Candidacy for Knowsley |url=https://merseynewslive.co.uk/2024/02/20/trade-unionist-anneliese-midgley-wins-labour-candidacy-for-knowsley/ |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=MerseyNewsLive |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630172335/https://merseynewslive.co.uk/2024/02/20/trade-unionist-anneliese-midgley-wins-labour-candidacy-for-knowsley/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zaɓe ta da kashi 67.3% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. Midgley ta yi aiki tare da Cheryl Korbel, mahaifiyar wanda aka kashe Olivia Pratt-Korbel, don goyon bayan dokar da aka gabatar wadda ta bukaci masu laifi su fuskanci iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa a kotu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Neill |first=Laura |date=2025-05-20 |title=Olivia's Law would 'begin to put victims at the heart of justice' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx2xwj20pv9o |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta karanta jawabin Korbel game da tasirin abin da ya faru a gaban majalisar wakilai don matsa lamba kan batun. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cs0mh1jk3qa8eszwan6c5u4u9tsx8vd 0 142855 839222 802655 2026-05-23T02:50:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Beigoma''''' ( [[Harshen Japan|Jafananci]] : ベーゴマ) wani wasan saman gargajiya ne na Japan wanda yake da tsawon ƙafa 3&nbsp;diamita cm kuma sau da yawa ana yi masa ado da kanji . <ref> name="MahoneyToyBox">{{Cite web |last=Mahoney |first=Tracy |title=Toy Box |url=http://www.intleducenter.umd.edu/japan/marjis/resourcecenter/toys.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807184310/http://www.intleducenter.umd.edu/japan/marjis/resourcecenter/toys.html |archive-date=2007-08-07 |access-date=2008-04-07}}</ref> <ref> name="WhatsCoolInJapan">{{Cite web |date=June 2001 |title=What's cool in Japan:Beyblades |url=http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001437/http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |archive-date=10 April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-07}}</ref> <ref> name="MatsuokaWebJapan">{{Cite web |last=Satoshi |first=Matsuoka |date=2001-12-15 |title=Trends Today |url=http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001437/http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |archive-date=10 April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-07 |website=Nipponia |publisher=Web Japan}}</ref> Idan aka juya shi daidai, ''beigoma'' yana yin sautin ƙara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beigoma |url=https://www.definitions.net/definition/beigoma |access-date=2021-03-09 |website=www.definitions.net |language=en}}</ref> == Wasan kwaikwayo == 'Yan wasa suna naɗe samansu da igiyoyi masu sirara masu tsawon santimita 60 waɗanda suke amfani da su don harba saman a saman wasan zanen zane da aka shimfiɗa a kan bokiti ko makamancin haka. Wanda ya yi nasara shine ɗan wasan da samansa ya juya mafi tsayi ko kuma ya fitar da saman abokin hamayyarsa daga wurin wasa. [ ana buƙatar ambato ] 'Yan wasa za su gyara saman su don dacewa da salon wasa daban-daban ta hanyoyi kamar ajiye kayan don canza siffar saman, ƙara kayan kamar kakin zuma ko gubar don canza rarraba nauyi, da kuma gyara ta hanyar goge kurakuran da tsarin jefawa ya haifar. == Tarihi == Koma wataƙila ya zo Japan ne daga China, wanda ya shahara a zamanin Kamakura . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beigoma |url=https://wn.com/Beigoma |access-date=2021-03-09 |website=World News |language=en}}</ref> An san shi sosai a zamanin Edo na ƙarni na 17, an fara yin ''beigoma'' ne ta hanyar cika harsashin teku mai karkace (wanda ake kira "Bai") da yashi sannan aka rufe su da kakin zuma mai narkewa . A ƙarni na 20, an yi kayan wasan da gubar sannan daga baya aka yi su da ƙarfe . Shahararsu ta kai kololuwa a rabin farko na ƙarni na 20 kafin ta faɗi ƙasa yayin da sabbin kayan wasan bayan yaƙi suka fara samuwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Zuwan layin zamani na saman yaƙi da ake kira Beyblade (wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 1999) ya haifar da sake farfaɗo da sha'awar ''beigoma'' . <ref name="TheJapanForum">{{Cite web |title=Traditional Games Making a Comeback |url=https://www.tjf.or.jp/eng/content/japaneseculture/34traditionalgame.htm |access-date=2008-04-07 |website=The Japan Forum |archive-date=2008-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120214649/http://www.tjf.or.jp/eng/content/japaneseculture/34traditionalgame.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="BeybladeBetaHistory">{{Cite web |title=Beyblade Beta History |url=https://kaza33.tripod.com/beybladebeta/id8.html |access-date=2008-04-07}}</ref> Duk da haka, tun daga shekarar 2001, akwai masana'anta ɗaya kawai da ke ƙera beigoma na gargajiya. <ref name="WhatsCoolInJapan">{{Cite web |date=June 2001 |title=What's cool in Japan:Beyblades |url=http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001437/http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |archive-date=10 April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-07}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html "What's cool in Japan:Beyblades"]. June 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001437/http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html Archived] from the original on 10 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="MatsuokaWebJapan">{{Cite web |last=Satoshi |first=Matsuoka |date=2001-12-15 |title=Trends Today |url=http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001437/http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html |archive-date=10 April 2008 |access-date=2008-04-07 |website=Nipponia |publisher=Web Japan}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSatoshi2001">Satoshi, Matsuoka (2001-12-15). [http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html "Trends Today"]. ''Nipponia''. Web Japan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001437/http://web-japan.org/kidsweb/archives/cool/01-04-06/beyblades.html Archived] from the original on 10 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="TheJapanForum" /> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} q663wc2p2cwd2a1morl0e7kzx5epuyo 0 143052 839053 803225 2026-05-22T15:03:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arantza Urkaregi''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga Afrilu 1954) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce, mai shirya ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma 'yar siyasa [[Feminism|mai ra'ayin mata]] . A fannin lissafi, tana rubutu, tana bincike, kuma tana koyarwa galibi game da ƙididdiga . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Arantza Urkaregi Etxepare :: Inguma - Euskal komunitate zientifikoaren datu-basea |url=http://www.inguma.eus/egilea/ikusi/arantza-urkaregi-etxepare |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=www.inguma.eus |archive-date=2021-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101104644/http://www.inguma.eus/egilea/ikusi/arantza-urkaregi-etxepare |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dangane da aikinta na siyasa, ta kasance cikin jam'iyyar [[Kwaminisanci|kwaminis]] a Basque da kuma farkon ƙungiyar mata a can. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.berria.eus/hemeroteka/egunkaria/pdfa/?data=2002-12-15&orria=069&zenb=K1NNdDZHRklPY0Ftd3pRNHFlNkxYdz09}}</ref> == Rayuwa == An haifi Urkaregi a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, 1954 a San Sebastian, a cikin al'ummar Basque Autonomous a Spain. Ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Basque Country . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Aikin masu fafutuka == A shekarunta na 20, ta shiga cikin EMK (jam'iyyar kwaminisanci ta Basque) da ƙungiyoyin mata na Basque. <ref name=":0"/> Misali, ta kasance cikin manyan tarukan farko na ƙungiyar mata ta Basque a watan Disamba na 1977. Duk da cewa waɗannan tarukan sun dace da jigon ƙungiyoyin mata na shekarun 60 da 70, suna da mahimmanci musamman saboda matsin lamba na musamman na adawa da mata a Basque. Waɗannan tarukan a watan Disamba na 1977 an yi su ne da irin waɗannan tarukan mata na Spain. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan tarukan, waɗanda suka halarci fiye da yadda ake tsammani, sun kasance mabuɗin nuna wanzuwar, da kuma goyon bayan ƙungiyar mata ta Basque. <ref name=":0" /> [[Fayil:Arantza_urkaregi_0001.jpg|thumb|Urkaregi yana magana da manema labarai]] Urkaregi ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar malamai ta Basque (Steilas), wacce kwanan nan (a cikin 2020) ta shiga yajin aiki don nuna rashin amincewarta da rashin isasshen tallafi ga koyarwa a tsakiyar COVID-19. [1] [2] Ta kuma kasance a Majalisar Birnin Bilbao a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Abertzale Sozialistak. [3] Musamman ma, Urkaregi ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyoyin ' yan awaren Basque, kamar mai magana da yawun Basque Nationalist Action, wanda gwamnatin Spain ta haramta a 2008 saboda zargin da ake yi mata na alaƙa da ETA . [4] A shekarar 2009, an kama ta tare da sauran membobin ƙungiyar. [5] == Aikin ilimi == Kamar yadda Inguma ta nuna, wanda shine rumbun adana bayanai na wallafe-wallafe a cikin al'ummar kimiyya ta Basque, Urkaregi ta wallafa littattafai da yawa game da ilimin halittu . <ref name=":1"/> Akwai littattafai sama da 50 da aka danganta mata a nan, gami da littafin karatu na ilimin halittu, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bioestatistika: Oinarrizko Ikastaroa |url=https://ikasmaterialak.ehu.eus/matematika/bioestatistika-oinarrizko-ikastaroa |access-date=2021-12-06 |website=UPV/EHUko ikasmaterialen sare-argitalpenak |language=eu}}</ref> labarai game da ilimin mata da lissafi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Etxepare |first=Arantza Urkaregi |date=2010 |title=Matematikak femeninoak al dira? |url=http://www.inguma.eus/produkzioa/ikusi/matematikak-femeninoak-al-dira |journal=EKAIA |language=eu-ES |issue=23 |pages=89–98 |issn=0214-9001 |access-date=2026-03-05 |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119074111/https://www.inguma.eus/produkzioa/ikusi/matematikak-femeninoak-al-dira |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hernandorena |first=Edurne Seijo |last2=Etxepare |first2=Arantza Urkaregi |date=1998 |title=Emakume matematikariak, historian zehar |url=http://www.inguma.eus/produkzioa/ikusi/emakume-matematikariak-historian-zehar |language=eu-ES |access-date=2026-03-05 |archive-date=2024-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126192605/https://www.inguma.eus/produkzioa/ikusi/emakume-matematikariak-historian-zehar |url-status=dead }}</ref> da darussa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beraza |first=Irantzu Barrio |last2=Uriarte |first2=Naiara Arrizabalaga |last3=Etxepare |first3=Arantza Urkaregi |last4=Zelaia |first4=Elisabete Alberdi |date=2013 |title=Matematikari Euskaldunen I. Topaketak |url=http://www.inguma.eus/produkzioa/ikusi/matematikari-euskaldunen-i-topaketak |language=eu-ES |access-date=2026-03-05 |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203145847/https://www.inguma.eus/produkzioa/ikusi/matematikari-euskaldunen-i-topaketak |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:'Yan siyasan Ispaniya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] 6tktn274if0gly8c641kqkptgt699x6 0 143543 839026 804509 2026-05-22T12:13:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Laftanar Janar '''Anna-Lee Reilly''' ( '''wanda''' aka haifa a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1974) injiniya ce 'yar Burtaniya kuma jami'ar sojojin Burtaniya . A farkon aikinta, ta yi aiki tare da Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, a matsayin jami'in ma'aikata, sannan ta yi aiki a Kayayyakin Tsaro da Tallafi a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Reilly a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1974 a Exeter, Devon, Ingila.<ref name="WW 26">{{Cite web |date=1 December 2025 |title=Reilly, Lt Gen. Anna-Lee; CB 2024; FREng; Director General, Core Delivery, Defence Equipment and Support, since 2025 |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U298303 |access-date=29 November 2025 |website=[[Who's Who 2026]] |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Ta yi karatun tsarin bayanai da gudanarwa a [[Jami'ar Cranfield]], ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Kimiyya (BSc) a shekarar 1996. <ref name="WW 25">{{Cite web |date=1 December 2024 |title=Article Reilly, Maj. Gen. Anna-Lee, (born 31 Dec. 1974), Director Operations, Defence Equipment and Support, since 2022 |url=http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U298303 |access-date=5 September 2025 |website=[[Who's Who 2025]] |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu: digiri na Master of Science (MSc) a cikin tsara tsarin bayanai a Cranfield (2006); da kuma digiri na Master's Arts (MA) a Kwalejin King's London a cikin karatun tsaro (2012). <ref name="WW 25" /> Tana gudanar da digiri na biyu a Kwalejin King's College London wanda ya mayar da hankali kan hadewar mata cikin Sojojin Burtaniya.<ref name="bio raeng">{{Cite web |title=Major General Anna-Lee Reilly CB FREng |url=https://raeng.org.uk/about-us/fellowship/new-fellows-2024/major-general-anna-lee-reilly-cb-freng |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=raeng.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan soja == Reilly ya shiga Royal Military Academy Sandhurst a shekarar 1997. <ref name="UKDJ honoured">{{Cite web |last=West |first=Lisa |date=23 September 2024 |title=Major General Anna-Lee Reilly honoured |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/major-general-anna-lee-reilly-honoured/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616184659/https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/major-general-anna-lee-reilly-honoured/ |archive-date=16 June 2025 |access-date=5 September 2025 |website=UK Defence Journal}}</ref> Ta zama mai sha'awar injiniya bayan an ba ta izini ga Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME). <ref name="UKDJ honoured" /> An ba ta izini a cikin REME, Sojojin Burtaniya, a matsayin mataimakin na biyu a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1997, tare da matsayi a wannan matsayi daga 10 ga Disamba 1994, kuma an inganta ta a wannan rana zuwa mataimaki tare da matsayi daga 10 Ga Disamba 1996. An ɗaukaka ta zuwa kyaftin a ranar 13 ga Yuni 2000. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ma'aikaci ga Philip, doki na Edinburgh tsakanin 2003 da 2008. <ref name="WW 25"/> Ita ce mace ta farko da ta kasance jami'in injiniya da ke haɗe da Gidan Sojan Ruwa, tana umurni da Light Aid Detachment wanda aka tura tare da su a lokacin Op TELIC (Irak War). <ref name="UKDJ honoured" /> <ref name="Craftsman 3*">{{Cite journal |last=Colonel Iain Wallace |date=5 August 2025 |title=Corps News: Lieutenant General Anna-Lee Reilly CB FREng - Another promotion to 3*! |url=https://issuu.com/official_reme/docs/the_craftsman_august_2025 |journal=The Craftsman |language=en |volume=81 |issue=7 |page=5 |access-date=6 September 2025}}</ref> Bayan ta halarci Kwalejin Ma'aikata, an inganta ta zuwa manyan a ranar 31 ga Yulin 2005. Ta kuma umurci sojojin REME a Jamus, Bosnia, da Kosovo.<ref name="UKDJ honoured" /> A shekara ta 2013, an kara wa Reilly matsayi na Lieutenant Colonel.[1] Daga 2013 zuwa 2016, ta kasance kwamandan jami'in 4 Armoured Close Support Battalion REME . [2] Tun daga wannan lokacin ta kasance mai alhakin tura sojojin Burtaniya a kasashen waje.[1] A cikin 2022, an nada Reilly a matsayin Darakta na Ayyuka na Kayan Tsaro da Tallafawa (DE&S). Daraktan Ayyuka yana kawo mutane tare daga ko'ina cikin DE&S don kara ikon Burtaniya na tallafawa Sojojin Ukraine.[3][4] An amince da tawagarta a Kyautar Ayyukan Kasuwanci ta Gwamnati a 2023 tare da Kungiyar Mafi Kyawun Shekara da Kyautar Kasuwanci na 2023 . [3] A cikin 2024, Shugaba Zelenskyy ya ba Reilly lambar yabo ta Order of Merit (Ukraine) Class ta uku A ranar 18 ga watan Agustan 2025, an nada Reilly a matsayin Darakta Janar na Core Delivery na DE&S kuma an kara shi zuwa Lieutenant Janar. <ref name="appointed DGCD">{{Cite web |date=5 June 2025 |title=Maj Gen Anna-Lee Reilly appointed DE&S DG Core Delivery |url=https://des.mod.uk/maj-gen-anna-lee-reilly-des-dg-core-delivery/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Defence Equipment & Support |archive-date=5 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250905180535/https://des.mod.uk/maj-gen-anna-lee-reilly-des-dg-core-delivery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce mace ta biyu a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya kuma jami'in REME na shida da ya kai matsayin janar janar.<ref name="Craftsman 3*"/> An nada Reilly Fellow na Royal Academy of Engineering a shekarar 2024. <ref name="UKDJ honoured"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-18 |title=Maj Gen Anna-Lee Reilly made Royal Academy of Engineering Fellow |url=https://des.mod.uk/anna-lee-reilly-fellow-royal-academy-of-engineering/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=Defence Equipment & Support |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin girmamawar Ranar haihuwar Sarki ta 2024, an nada ta Abokiyar Bath (CB). <ref>{{Cite web |title=32 King's alumni honoured in King's Birthday Honours 2024 |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/32-kings-alumni-honoured-in-kings-birthday-honours-2024 |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=King's College London |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-15 |title=DE&S staff recognised for services to defence in King's Birthday Honours list |url=https://des.mod.uk/des-staff-recognised-for-services-to-defence-in-kings-birthday-honours-list/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Defence Equipment & Support |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3g21kvn455gyvo32aio90bgp3nwxgtb 0 143855 839269 805355 2026-05-23T08:04:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu Bode Osi listenⓘ gari ne da ke cikin Jihar Osun, Najeriya. Tana da nisan kilomita 36 (mil 22) daga Osogbo, babban birnin Jihar Osun, kuma tana da nisan kilomita 370 (mil 230) daga Abuja, babban birnin Najeriya. Bode Osi kuma ita ce hedikwatar karamar hukumar Ola Oluwa..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atanda |first=Sodeeq |date=2023-05-11 |title=REPORTER'S DIARY: Mature Mangoes Seek Attention in Osun LGA, But No One 'Sees' Them |url=https://fij.ng/article/reporters-diary-mature-mangoes-seek-attention-in-osun-lga-but-no-one-sees-them/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Foundation For Investigative Journalism |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Yanayi == Bode Osi yana da [[yanayi]] [[Yankunan ciyawa na wurare masu zafi da na subtropical, savannah, da kuma shrublands|savanna na wurare masu zafi]] (''Aw'' bisa ga rarraba yanayin Köppen), kama da mafi yawan Najeriya, tare da Lokacin rigar, lokacin bushewa da yanayin zafi a duk shekara. {{Convert|65|F|C}} yana da mugodi kuma yana da ɗan hazo, yayin da lokacin rigar na iya zama mai zalunci da kuma rufewa. Matsakaicin [[Temperature|zafin jiki]] na shekara-shekara yana canzawa tsakanin 65 ° F (18 ° C) da {{Convert|94|F|C}} ° F (34 ° C), da wuya ya faɗi ƙasa da {{Convert|60|F|C}} ° F (16 ° C) ko ya tashi sama da {{Convert|99|F|C}} ° F (37 ° C).<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bode Osi Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/50048/Average-Weather-in-Bode-Osi-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Bode Osi, Nigeria 14 day weather forecast |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@2346954/ext |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Bode Osi, Nigeria |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@2346954/climate |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Monthly climate in Bode Osi, Osun, Nigeria |url=https://nomadseason.com/climate/nigeria/osun/bode-osi.html |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=nomadseason.com}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Bode Osi (Nigeria) weather today hourly 7, 10 day weather forecast {{!}} Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia {{!}} ar.weather.town |url=https://ar.weather.town/en/forecast/nigeria/osun-state/bode-osi/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=weather.town |language=en}}</ref> === Yanayin zafi === Lokacin mafi zafi na shekara shine daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun wanda ya wuce {{Convert|91|F|C}} ° F (33 ° C). Tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin {{Convert|93|F|C}} ° F (34 ° C) da ƙananan {{Convert|73|F|C}} ° F (23 ° C), Maris shine watan da ya fi zafi a shekara a Bode Osi.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Bode Osi weather forecast for today |url=https://justweather.org/Nigeria/Osun/Ola-Oluwa/Bode-Osi/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=justweather.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-18 |title=Bode Osi Air Quality Index (AQI) and Nigeria Air Pollution {{!}} IQAir |url=https://www.iqair.com/sa/nigeria/osun/bode-osi |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=www.iqair.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718171307/https://www.iqair.com/sa/nigeria/osun/bode-osi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Bode Osi,Osun,Nigeria Live Weekly Weather Forecast including Cloud, Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Pressure and Humidity data {{!}} TimeJones.com |url=https://www.timejones.com/weatherforecast/Nigeria/Osun/Bode%20Osi |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=www.timejones.com}}</ref> Lokacin mafi sanyi na shekara shine daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ƙasa da {{Convert|85|F|C}} ° F (29 ° C). Tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin {{Convert|82|F|C}} ° F (28 ° C) da ƙasa da {{Convert|70|F|C}} ° F (21 ° C), Agusta shine watan da ya fi sanyi a shekara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Weather Bode Osi {{!}} Forecast, Radar, Lightning & Satellite |url=https://meteologix.com/ng/weather/2346954-bode-osi |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Meteologix.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bode Osi, Nigeria |url=https://www.fallingrain.com/world/NI/42/Bode_Osi.html |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Weather - Bode Osi - MAP[N]ALL.COM |url=https://www.mapnall.com/en/weather/Weather-Bode-Osi_1443234.html |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=www.mapnall.com}}</ref> === Girgije da hazo === Lokacin rigar yawanci yana faruwa daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Satumba yana da matsakaicin kwanaki 24.8 tare da akalla 0.04 inci na hazo, yana mai da shi watan da ya fi yawan [[ruwan sama]].<ref name=":8"/><ref name=":10"/><ref name=":9"/><ref name=":7"/><ref name=":6"/><ref name=":5"/><ref name=":1"/> Sauran shekara suna samar da Lokacin fari. Tare da matsakaicin kwanaki 1.2 tare da akalla 0.04 inci na hazo, Janairu shine watan da ke da karancin kwanakin ruwan sama. <ref name=":8" /> <ref name=":10" /> <ref name=":9" /> <ref name=":7" /> <ref name=":6" /> <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3"/> Matsakaicin kashi na [[sama]] da [[Gajimare|girgije]] ya rufe a Bode Osi ya bambanta sosai a cikin shekara, <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":5"/> tare da mafi kyawun ɓangaren shekara daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu.<ref name=":6"/> Disamba shine watan da ya fi haske a shekara, tare da sararin sama ya kasance bayyananne, galibi bayyananne ne, ko kuma wani bangare ya rufe 52% na lokacin a matsakaici.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":9"/><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8"/> Sauran shekara sun fi girgije, tare da Afrilu shine mafi girgije, lokacin da sararin sama ya fi girgije ko mafi yawan girgije 84% na lokacin a matsakaici.<ref name=":10"/><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":7"/> == Gudanarwa == Oba Abioye Oyewole, injiniya kuma tsohon zababben shugaban majalisa, shi ne Olubode (mai mulki na gargajiya) na Bode Osi a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adegbuyi |first=Temitope |date=2020-02-18 |title=Alleged attack on Oba Akinropo: Iwo traditional council, Ogbaagba natives demand Oluwo's suspension |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/alleged-attack-on-oba-akinropo-iwo-traditional-council-ogbaagba-natives-demand-oluwos-suspension/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> 2njvs7o4db7o65awms0gb8nzkunwnqu 0 144036 839064 805751 2026-05-22T16:52:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ashley Nora''' 'yar Amurka ce mai zane-zane da dama, an haife ta a Laurel, Mississippi . An fi saninta da zane-zanen bango da ke kewaye da yankin Indianapolis, ciki har da zane-zanen Black Lives Matter da kuma zane-zanen "Keepers of Culture", waɗanda duka suna kan titin Indiana mai tarihi. Nora ita ce Shugabar Kamfaninta da ke Indiana, ''Ashely Nora Art LLC'', kuma ita ce mataimakiyar shugabar Eighteen Art Collective. Nora art ta mayar da hankali kan [[Black joy|farin ciki na Baƙar fata]] da kuma bin mafarkin mutum. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sogard |first=Emily |date=2022-11-29 |title=Ashley Nora: Local Legend |url=https://discovernewfields.org/newsroom/ashley-nora-local-legend |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Newfields}}</ref> == Sana'a == Nora ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Anderson a shekarar 2012 kuma ta fara aikinta a matsayin masanin kimiyyar sinadarai. A shekarar 2019 ta bar fagen don neman zama mai zane. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Creatives in Color : Ashley Nora {{!}} AIGA Indianapolis |url=https://indianapolis.aiga.org/event/creatives-in-color-ashley-nora/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=indianapolis.aiga.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Meet Ashley Nora {{!}} Visual Artist / CEO of Ashley Nora Art, LLC |url=https://shoutoutatlanta.com/meet-ashley-nora-visual-artist-ceo-of-ashley-nora-art-llc/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Shoutout Atlanta |archive-date=2024-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730160514/https://shoutoutatlanta.com/meet-ashley-nora-visual-artist-ceo-of-ashley-nora-art-llc/ }}</ref> Wannan jigon "bin mafarki" za a iya gani a duk tsawon aikin fasaha na Nora, farawa da zane mai ban mamaki wanda ya zama babban hutun mai zane, "Masu kiyaye al'adu". A shekarar 2021, Alan Bacon da Malina Jeffers, waɗanda suka kafa GANGANG, sun kawo Nora don ƙirƙirar zane mai ban mamaki don BUTTER, bikin baje kolin fasaha na shekara-shekara. An zana hoton bangon a cikin tubalan 200 na titin 11 a bangon ginin Stutz, suna girmama mutane takwas 'yan asalin Black Indiana a cikin zane mai salo na 3D. <ref>{{Cite web |last=COOPER |first=BREANNA |date=2021-09-01 |title=‘Celebrate our own’: GANGGANG, Recorder partner for mural dedication |url=https://indianapolisrecorder.com/celebrate-our-own-ganggang-recorder-partner-for-mural-dedication/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Indianapolis Recorder |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da FOX59 News, Nora ta ambaci cewa an yi nufin "Masu kiyaye al'adu" don gode wa gumakan Black Indiana guda takwas da aka nuna saboda rashin yin watsi da mafarkinsu. An kuma nuna yadda Nora ta mayar da hankali kan bin diddigin mafarkai a cikin zanenta na watan Fabrairun 2023 mai suna "I Know I Can". Nora ce ta ƙirƙiri wannan zanen kai tsaye a lokacin wasan ƙwallon kwando na Pacers don ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan watan Tarihin Baƙar fata na ƙungiyar. A cewar Nora, zanen ya nuna "yara waɗanda ke da mafarki amma ba su da albarkatu," ciki har da yara uku waɗanda ke mafarkin aikinsu na gaba kuma suna aiki da kayan aikinsu kaɗan. An yi gwanjon wannan zanen kuma duk kuɗin da aka samu ya tafi ga Gidauniyar Pacers. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-08 |title=Local Artist Ashley Nora Helps PS&E Tip Off Black History Month with Real-Time Art Creation |url=https://www.nba.com/pacers/news/local-artist-ashley-nora-helps-pse-tip-off-black-history-month-with-real-time-art-creation |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=NBA}}</ref> Mafarkai sun kuma zaburar da wasu daga cikin ayyukanta. Lokacin da Nora ta shiga cikin aikin zane mai suna Jiffy Lube, ta ƙirƙiri wani rubutu mai taken "Into Existence". Wannan aikin ya samo asali ne daga ɗaya daga cikin mafarkan Nora inda ta hango launin baki da salon da ba shi da kyau da ta yi amfani da shi wajen zane. 'Ya'yan Nora biyu sun kasance batun zane-zane da yawa daga mai zane, ciki har da "Yunkurin Sauri". An nuna wannan zane a Indianapolis's Monument Circle lokacin da birnin ya karbi bakuncin Maris Madness a 2021. Nora ta bayyana wannan zane a matsayin wakiltar tunanin 'ya'yanta yayin da suke "ƙirƙirar gaskiyarsu" duk da cewa suna wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-01 |title=Woman's painting in Downtown Indianapolis represents the story of dreams |url=https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/indianapolis/womans-painting-in-downtown-indianapolis-represents-the-story-of-dreams |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=WRTV Indianapolis |language=en}}</ref> Hakanan ana iya samun hotunan 'ya'yan mai zane a kan hoton Indiana Avenue Black Lives Matter . An sanya Nora don zana harafin "R" don wannan zane-zanen titi a watan Agusta 2020. A cikin iyakokin wasiƙarta ta zana 'ya'yanta mata biyu a cikin dunkule, gami da ayyukan mafarkin da aka rubuta a ƙarƙashin hotunansu. Masu zane-zane goma sha takwas waɗanda suka shiga wannan zane-zane daga baya za a san su da Takwas Collective. Nora ta ci gaba da yin aiki tare da Ƙungiyar a kan ayyuka da yawa, ciki har da wani baje koli mai taken "Mu. Al'adu", wanda aka nuna a Gidan Tarihi na Indianapolis na Fasaha a Newfields . Ga Ƙungiyar, an yi nufin wannan ɗakin hotuna don wakiltar canje-canje ga sassan fasaha na Indianapolis yayin da suke ƙara maraba da ƙwararrun Baƙar fata waɗanda ba a wakilta su a baya ba. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=McGOWAN |first=CHLOE |date=2023-03-02 |title=‘Taking up space’: How the Eighteen Art Collective is changing the narrative |url=https://indianapolisrecorder.com/how-the-eighteen-art-collective-is-changing-the-narrative/ |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Indianapolis Recorder |language=en-US}}</ref> Kayan da Nora ta zaɓa ta haɗa a cikin ɗakin hotuna, "Nobuhle", shine zane na farko da mai zane ya ƙirƙira bayan tafiyarta zuwa [[Eswatini|Masarautar Eswatini]] . "Nobuhle," wanda ke fassara zuwa "uwar kyau," zane ne mai mai wanda ke nuna mace baƙar fata a matsayin babban abin da ake magana a kai. Nora tana son yin "Nobuhle" don wakiltar haƙƙin mutum na ɗaukar sarari. <ref name=":0" /> == Tasiri == Zane-zane da zane-zane galibi mafaka ne ga Nora yayin da take girma a Mississippi. Ta yi amfani da fasaharta a matsayin mafaka daga yanayin "mai raɗaɗi", har ma ta bayyana cewa ya "ceci rayuwarta." <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sogard |first=Emily |date=2022-11-29 |title=Ashley Nora: Local Legend |url=https://discovernewfields.org/newsroom/ashley-nora-local-legend |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Newfields}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSogard2022">Sogard, Emily (2022-11-29). [https://discovernewfields.org/newsroom/ashley-nora-local-legend "Ashley Nora: Local Legend"]. ''Newfields''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> Nora za ta sami duwatsu don ƙirƙirar ƙananan sassaka tare da sukudireba, duk don ƙirƙirar wani sabon abu tare da ƙarancin albarkatun da aka ba ta. Mai zane ta ce babban abin da ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa a fannin fasaha shine farin ciki na Baƙar fata, musamman farin cikin da yara suka samu saboda ɓarna da tsarkinsa. Nora ta yi amfani da fasaha a tarihinta, tun daga lokacin yarinta, don haɗawa da farin ciki a lokutan da ba su da daɗi. [[Fayil:Ashley_Nora_at_BUTTER.jpg|thumb|Ashley Nora a bikin baje kolin fasaha na BUTTER tsaye tare da zane-zane guda biyu da ta zana wanda ya jawo hankalinta daga tafiyarta zuwa Eswatini]] Nora ta yi zane-zane da yawa a tsawon aikinta. Abin da ya ba ta kwarin gwiwa a kan yawan zuwa wannan nau'in fasaha shi ma yana nan tun lokacin yarintarta. A wata hira da Newfields, Nora ta ambaci cewa, tun tana yarinya, tana zaune ne kawai da mintuna biyar daga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Lauren Rogers, amma ba ta da kuɗin shiga ciki. Madadin haka, zane-zanen da take da su su ne zane-zanen da ke kewaye da garinsu. Daga baya a cikin aikinta, an ɗauki Nora aiki don ƙirƙirar wani zane mai bango don gidan marayu a Eswatini. A nan ta sami damar zama Baƙi a cikin wurare Baƙi inda ba ta daɗe da jin kamar tsiraru ba. Wannan abin ya bayyana a cikin jerin zane-zanen da Nora ta ƙirƙira don nuna Baƙaƙe a cikin sarari fari. <ref name=":1"/> Mutanen da ta zana don wannan jerin duk suna da fatar da aka fentin da launuka shuɗi, wanda shine launin da Nora ta ji yana haskakawa daga mutanen da ta haɗu da su a Eswatini. <ref name=":4" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8898j6x03esr0f5hsv5lh1io9zh2oua 0 144100 839303 805909 2026-05-23T10:20:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bríd Dixon''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1893) 'Yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce kuma 'yar jam'iyyar Republican wacce take ɗaya daga cikin mata a cikin GPO a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Bridget Angela Dixon ga Henry Dixon da Mary Gillis na Phibsborough, Dublin. Mahaifinta [[Kishin ƙasa|ɗan kishin ƙasa ne]] kuma magatakardar lauyoyi. <ref name="Birth">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Birth registration |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/birth_returns/births_1893/02305/1864237.pdf |access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Death">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Death registration |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_1929/04943/4343761.pdf |access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Marriage">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Irish Genealogy |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details-civil/6b372b7649573 |access-date=22 October 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dixon ta sami ilimin harshen Irish bisa ga umarnin mahaifinta. Daga nan ta halarci Muckross Park Dominican Convent a Donnybrook. Dixon da 'yan uwanta mata sun halarci Kwalejin Irish a Ballingeary a lokuta da dama. Dixon memba ce a Reshen Keating na [[Conradh a Gaeilge|Gaelic League]] . Kamar sauran mutane da yawa, Dixon ta shiga reshen Cumann na mBan na Tsakiya. Ta shiga cikin ayyukan da aka saba, tana koyon taimakon gaggawa da yin tattaki a manyan taruka kamar jana'izar O'Donovan Rossa . Dixon memba ce da ta kafa ''Na bAisteoiri'' - ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo don shirya wasannin kwaikwayo a cikin Harshen Irish. Daga baya ta zama ''Comhar Dramuiochta'' . <ref name="BMH2">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Judge Fionan Lynch |url=http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0192.pdf#page=20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716122411/http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0192.pdf#page=20 |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> == Juyin Juya Hali == A ƙarshen mako kafin Easter Rising, mahaifin Dixon ya kore ta daga birnin. Duk da haka, ɗan'uwanta ya zo wurinta da keke don ya sanar da ita inda za ta je don yin rahoto a ranar Litinin. [1] Dixon ya taimaka wa Brigid Foley wajen isar da kuɗi cikin aminci [2] amma da rudanin da ke cikin makon, a cikin 'yan kwanakin farko Dixon da waɗanda ke tare da ita ba su yi amfani da su sosai ba. A tsakiyar mako sun isa gari kuma a lokacin yaƙin sun isa Ofishin Wasiku na Janar (GPO). A gaskiya ma Dixon yana tare da Leslie Price . Sun yanke shawarar cewa za su sauka zuwa Titin O'Connell zuwa Ofishin Wasiku. An ba su ayyuka daban-daban da zarar sun isa. [3] Da farko Dixon ta yi aiki da Louise Gavan Duffy a ɗakin girki a sama. A ranar Laraba aka aika ta a matsayin ma'aikaciya dauke da harsasai ga Father Mathew Hall da ke Church Street tare da Price. Sau da yawa ana aika su biyun tare da aika saƙonni tare. <ref name="BMH3">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Mrs Tom Barry née Leslie Price |url=http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS1754.pdf#page=25 |access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Irishcatholic">{{Cite web |last=Greg Daly |title=On an equality with men… |url=http://www.irishcatholic.ie/article/%E2%80%98-equality-men%E2%80%A6%E2%80%99 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119051840/http://www.irishcatholic.ie/article/%E2%80%98-equality-men%E2%80%A6%E2%80%99 |archive-date=19 January 2016 |access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> Sauran ayyukan da aka sanya mata sun haɗa da kwafin umarni ga shugabanni daban-daban. Daga ƙarshe tare da babban ƙungiyar mata a cikin GPO an fitar da su daga ginin. Mata kaɗan ne kawai suka rage tare da mazan. Duk da cewa sojoji sun yi musu tambayoyi kuma ba su iya komawa gida ba har sai da yaƙin ya ƙare, ba a kama Dixon ko kuma a tsare shi ba. <ref name="BMH1">{{Cite web |title=Witness Statement 484 (Bríd Dixon) |url=http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0484.pdf#page=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102120459/http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0484.pdf#page=3 |archive-date=2 January 2018 |access-date=25 October 2016 |publisher=[[Bureau of Military History]]}}</ref> Dixon ya auri Bernard E. Fee, ƙwararren injiniyan zane a ranar 12 ga Agusta 1931. <ref name="Marriage registrations">{{Cite web |last= |date=12 August 1931 |title=Marriage of BERNARD Fee and BRIGID Dixon |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/marriage_returns/marriages_1931/09025/5266047.pdf |access-date=22 October 2016}}</ref> == Ƙarin karatu == {{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Miss Louise Gavan Duffy |url=http://www.bureauofmilitaryhistory.ie/reels/bmh/BMH.WS0216.pdf#page=8 |access-date=22 October 2016}} {{Cite web |last= |date= |title=RTÉ Archives |url=http://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/1993-easter-1916/portraits-1916/799553-portraits-1916-leslie-de-barra/ |access-date=22 October 2016}} == Manazarta == 1gzyvk5kdfxwk7ctvnxgt5nsy1fm6l0 0 144555 839293 807131 2026-05-23T09:29:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brenda Milner''' (née '''Langford'''; ''An haife ta'' a ranar 15 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1918) Masanin ilimin kwakwalwa ne na Burtaniya da Kanada wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga wallafe-wallafen bincike a kan batutuwa daban-daban a fagen ilimin kwakwalwa na asibiti . <ref name="Canadian Encyclopedia">{{Cite web |title=Brenda Milner |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/brenda-milner |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> Milner farfesa ne a Sashen Neurology da Neurosurgery a [[Jami'ar McGill]] kuma farfesa ne na Psychology a Cibiyar Neurological ta Montreal . Ya zuwa 2020, tana da digiri na girmamawa sama da 25 kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin shekaru casa'in.<ref name="Canadian Encyclopedia" /> Ayyukanta sun rufe fannoni da yawa na neuropsychology ciki har da sha'awar rayuwarta ta dindindin game da shigar da lobes na lokaci a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar abubuwan da suka faru.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brenda Milner: List of Publications |url=https://neurotree.org/beta/publications.php?pid=347 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123053020/https://neurotree.org/beta/publications.php?pid=347 |archive-date=January 23, 2021}}</ref> Wani lokaci ana kiranta daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa ilimin neuropsychology kuma tana da mahimmanci a ci gabanta.<ref name="medical news">{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2011 |title=Pioneering Memory Researcher Brenda Milner To Receive Pearl Meister Greengard Prize |url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/226617.php |access-date=May 14, 2013 |publisher=Medical News Today}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Balzan don Cognitive Neuroscience a shekara ta 2009, da kuma Kyautar Kavli a Neuroscience, tare da John O'Keefe, da Marcus E. Raichle, a shekara ta 2014. Ta cika shekaru 100 a watan Yulin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2018 |title=Pioneering neuropsychologist Brenda Milner turns 100 |url=http://www.thesuburban.com/life/health/pioneering-neuropsychologist-brenda-milner-turns/article_b68c57ec-87bb-11e8-b1ff-875bc74f283d.html |access-date=November 30, 2018 |website=Thesuburban.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Brenda Langford a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1918, a [[Manchester]], Ingila.<ref name="Distinguished"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Brenda Milner - Biography |url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio1.html |access-date=2016-06-20 |website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website |series=Milner_bio1.html |publisher=Worth Publishers}}</ref> Mahaifinta Samuel Langford ya kasance mai sukar kiɗa, ɗan jarida, kuma malami, kuma mahaifiyarta (née Leslie Doig) tana ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa.<ref name=":1" /> Kodayake ita 'yar iyaye biyu ne masu basira a kiɗa, ba ta da sha'awar kiɗa.<ref name=":1" /> Mahaifinta ne ya koya mata ilimin [[lissafi]] da zane-zane har zuwa shekara 8. " <ref name="Distinguished" /> Ta halarci Makarantar 'yan mata ta Withington, <ref name=":1" /> wanda ya kai ta ga halartar Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge, <ref name="Distinguished" /> don karatun lissafi, bayan ta sami tallafin karatu a 1936. [2] Koyaya, bayan ta fahimci cewa ba ta da isasshen " fahimta" ga lissafi, Milner ta canza fagen karatunta zuwa ilimin halayyar dan adam.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Brenda Milner - Biography |url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio2.html |access-date=2016-06-20 |website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website |series=Milner_bio2.html |publisher=Worth Publishers}}</ref> A shekara ta 1939, Milner ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na BA a fannin ilimin halayyar gwaji, <ref name="Distinguished" /> wanda a wannan lokacin aka dauke shi kimiyya ce ta ɗabi'a. <ref name=":2" /> Ɗaya daga cikin masu kula da ita a Sashen Nazarin Jiki, Cambridge shine Oliver Zangwill kuma a gare shi ta ba da sha'awar farko ga aikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam, <ref name="Distinguished"/> da kuma darajar nazarin cututtukan kwakwalwa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Brenda Milner: Biography |url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio3.html |access-date=2016-06-20 |website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website |publisher=Worth Publishers |page=3}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta a kusa da lokacin yakin duniya na biyu Kwalejin Newnham ta ba ta kyautar Sarah Smithson Research Studentship, wanda ya ba ta damar halartar Newnham na shekaru biyu masu zuwa.[1] A sakamakon Yaƙin Duniya na II, aikin Cambridge Psychological Laboratory, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bartlett, an karkatar da shi kusan da dare don yin amfani da bincike a cikin zaɓin ma'aikatan jirgin sama.[1] Matsayin Milner shine tsara ayyukan fahimta don amfani da gaba wajen zabar ma'aikatan jirgin sama. Fiye da haka, ta kasance a cikin ƙungiyar da ke sha'awar rarrabe matukan jirgin sama daga matukan jirgin bom ta amfani da Gwaje-gwaje na iyawa.[2][1][3] "Daga baya a cikin yakin, daga 1941 zuwa 1944, ta yi aiki a Malvern a matsayin Jami'in Gwadawa na Ma'aikatar Sayarwa, tana binciken hanyoyi daban-daban na nuni da sarrafawa da masu aikin radar za su yi amfani da su. "[4][1] A shekara ta 1941 Brenda ta sadu da mijinta, Peter Milner . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Brenda Milner: Biography |url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio4.html |access-date=2016-06-20 |website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website |publisher=Worth Publishers |page=4}}</ref> Dukansu Brenda da mijinta suna aiki a kan binciken radar. Ya kasance injiniyan lantarki wanda aka kuma dauke shi don kokarin yaki.<ref name=":4" /> A shekara ta 1944, sun yi aure kuma suka tafi Kanada inda aka gayyaci Peter don yin aiki tare da masana kimiyyar lissafi kan binciken atomatik. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name="Distinguished">{{Cite journal |last=No Authorship Indicated |year=1974 |title=Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards for 1973 |journal=American Psychologist |volume=29 |pages=27–43 |doi=10.1037/h0020147}}</ref> Sun yi tafiya zuwa Boston a cikin jirgin Sarauniya Elizabeth tare da "amarar yaƙi" waɗanda ke tafiya zuwa Amurka don zama tare da iyalan mazajensu a lokacin yakin. Bayan ta isa Kanada, ta fara koyar da ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Montreal, inda ta zauna na tsawon shekaru 7. A shekara ta 1949, Brenda Milner ta kammala karatu tare da MA a fannin ilimin halayyar gwaji a Cambridge . <ref>{{Cite web |title=McGill University Staff |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916050907/https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner |archive-date=September 16, 2020}}</ref> A Montreal, ta zama dan takarar Ph.D. a fannin ilimin halayyar jiki a [[Jami'ar McGill]], a karkashin jagorancin Donald Olding Hebb.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Brenda Milner |url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=126 |access-date=2012-01-01 |website=Membres de l'Ordre national du Québec |publisher=Gouvernement du Québec |language=fr}}</ref> Yayinda suke aiki a kan Ph.D., Milner da Hebb sun gabatar da bincike kan mai haƙuri P.B. wanda ya sha wahala a cikin lobectomy na lokaci kuma yana da raunin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wannan ya jawo hankalin Wilder Penfield. A cikin 1950, Hebb ya ba Milner damar yin karatu tare da shi a Cibiyar Nazarin Neurological ta Montreal . <ref name=":4" /><ref name="Distinguished"/> A karkashin kulawar Penfield, ta yi nazarin halayyar matasa [[Farfaɗiya|Marasa lafiya masu fama da farfajiya]] da aka yi musu magani tare da cirewa na kwakwalwa don magance fashewar da ba a sarrafa su ba. <ref name=":5" /> A shekara ta 1952, Milner ta sami Ph.D. a cikin ilimin halayyar gwaji tare da rubutun kan tasirin fahimta na lalacewar lobe a cikin mutum. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Brenda Milner - Biography |url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio5.html |access-date=2016-06-20 |website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website |series=Milner_bio5.html |publisher=Worth Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Milner |first=Brenda |date=1952 |title=Intellectual effects of temporal-lobe damage in man. |url=http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123923&silo_library=GEN01 |access-date=15 September 2016 |website=Digitool.library}}</ref> Milner an ba shi digiri na girmamawa da yawa ciki har da Sc na girmamawa. D daga Jami'ar Cambridge a shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brenda Milner List of Awards and Degrees. |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner/awards-and-honours-brenda-milner |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803155908/https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner/awards-and-honours-brenda-milner |archive-date=August 3, 2020}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == A shekara ta 1954, Milner ya wallafa wata kasida a cikin McGill University Psychological Bulletin mai taken 'Intellectual Function of the Temporal Lobes'. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Milner |first=Brenda |year=1954 |title=Intellectual Function of the Temporal Lobes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-bulletin_1954-01_51_1/page/42 |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=42–62 |doi=10.1037/h0054728 |pmid=13237374}}</ref> A cikin wannan littafin, ta gabatar da bayanai da suka nuna cewa lalacewar lobe na lokaci na iya haifar da canje-canje na motsin rai da na ilimi a cikin mutane da ƙananan primates.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Milner |first=B |year=1954 |title=Intellectual function of the temporal lobes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-bulletin_1954-01_51_1/page/42 |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=42–62 |doi=10.1037/h0054728 |pmid=13237374}}</ref> Binciken da ta yi game da binciken kimiyyar kwakwalwa da aka gudanar a cikin dabbobi ya hana likitocin kwakwalwa da yawa daga kammala tiyata a kan mutane wanda zai iya yin mummunar tasiri ga rayuwarsu. "Aikin farko na Milner a kan lobes na lokaci ya rinjayi sakamakon aikin ablation tare da ƙananan primates, kuma musamman ta hanyar binciken Mishkin da Pribram game da rawar da neocortex na inferotemporal ke takawa a cikin ilmantarwa na nuna bambanci na gani. "<ref name=":5"/> Milner ya kasance majagaba a fagen neuropsychology da kuma nazarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sauran ayyukan fahimta a cikin bil'adama. An gayyace ta zuwa Hartford don nazarin Henry Molaison, wanda aka fi sani da mai haƙuri H.M., wanda ya zama sanannen mai haƙuri a cikin kimiyyar kwakwalwa. Ya "yi fama da lobectomy na lokaci-lokaci wanda ya haɗa da cire manyan ɓangarorin hippocampus. " Ta yi nazarin tasirin wannan lalacewar ga lobe na tsakiya a kan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kuma ta bayyana tsarin raunin fahimta da H.M. ke nunawa. A farkon matakan aikinta tare da H.M., Milner ta so ta fahimci raunin ƙwaƙwalwarsa gaba ɗaya. Milner ya nuna cewa Cutar amnestic ta tsakiya tana nuna rashin iya samun sabbin abubuwan tunawa da rashin iya tunawa da aka kafa daga 'yan shekaru nan da nan kafin lalacewa, yayin da abubuwan tunawa daga baya da sauran iyawar fahimta, gami da [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]], fahimta da tunani sun kasance cikakke.<ref name="mcgill">{{Cite web |title=Dr Brenda Milner, CC |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/about/history/mcgill-pioneers/milner |access-date=May 14, 2013 |publisher=McGill University |archive-date=February 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221161843/https://www.mcgill.ca/about/history/mcgill-pioneers/milner |url-status=dead }}</ref> Misali, Milner ya kwashe kwanaki uku tare da H.M. yayin da ya koyi sabon aikin motsi na motsi don sanin wane irin ilmantarwa da ƙwaƙwalwar da ke cikinsa. Wannan aikin ya haɗa da sake zana zane na tauraron ta hanyar kallon shi a cikin madubi. Ayyukansa sun inganta a cikin waɗannan kwanaki uku. Koyaya, daga baya bai riƙe komai game da duk wani abin da ya faru a cikin waɗannan kwanaki uku ba.<ref name="Turner" /> Wannan ya sa Milner ya yi hasashen cewa akwai nau'ikan ilmantarwa da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daban-daban, kowannensu ya dogara da tsarin kwakwalwa daban.<ref name="Xia">{{Cite journal |last=Xia |first=C. |year=2006 |title=Understanding the human brain: A lifetime of dedicated pursuit. Interview with Dr. Brenda Milner |journal=McGill Journal of Medicine |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=165–172 |pmc=2323518 |pmid=18523614}}</ref> Ta sami damar nuna tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daban-daban guda biyu - ƙwaƙwalwan ajiya da ƙwaƙwalwalwar tsari.<ref name="chrcrm">{{Cite web |date=June 2005 |title=Dr. Brenda Milner |url=http://www.chrcrm.org/en/rotm/dr-brenda-milner |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008170303/http://www.chrcrm.org/en/rotm/dr-brenda-milner |archive-date=October 8, 2014 |access-date=May 14, 2013 |publisher=Canadians for Health Research}}</ref> Milner ya gano daga H.M. da sauran binciken shari'a cewa "rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalyar ƙwaƙwalwa na ƙarshe a cikin mutum yana haifar da ci gaba da raunin ƙwaƙwalwarsa ta baya-bayan nan duk lokacin da aka cire shi da nisa don lalata ɓangarorin hippocampus na baya da hippocampal gyrus". <ref name="loss of memory">{{Cite journal |last=Scoville |first=W. B. |last2=Milner |first2=B. |year=1957 |title=Loss of Recent Memory After Bilateral Hippocampal Lesions |journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=11–21 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.20.1.11 |pmc=497229 |pmid=13406589}}</ref> Ta nuna cewa a cikin marasa lafiya tare da wannan ciwon ikon koyon wasu ƙwarewar mota ya kasance na al'ada. Wannan binciken ya gabatar da manufar tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da yawa a cikin kwakwalwa kuma ya motsa babban rukunin bincike. Milner ya bayyana a cikin wata hira da ''McGill Journal of Medicine'', "Don ganin cewa H.M. ya koyi aikin daidai amma ba tare da sanin cewa ya yi shi ba a baya ya kasance mai ban mamaki. Idan kuna so ku san abin da yake lokacin farin ciki na rayuwata, wannan shine daya".<ref name="Xia"/> Ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga fahimtar rawar da [[Hearing (sense)|jin]]" data-linkid="473" href="./Frontal_lobe" id="mwASU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frontal lobe">Lobes na gaba ke takawa a cikin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, a fannin shirya bayanai. "Binciken Dr. Milner na asali ya samar da abubuwan da aka gano da yawa a cikin nazarin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan adam da ƙwaƙwalwarsa ta kwakwalwa, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin martani na motsin rai, ji, ƙwaƙwalwa da magana. "<ref name="loss of memory"/> Ta nuna muhimmiyar rawar da dorsolateral frontal cortex ke takawa don tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na lokaci kuma aikinta ya nuna cewa akwai rabuwa da keɓaɓɓen ƙwaƙwalwan ƙwaƙwalwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa daga waɗanda ke shiga tsakani don tsari na lokaci. Ta bayyana rashin daidaituwa a cikin warware matsalar da yanzu aka gane shi a matsayin sakamakon raunin da ke faruwa a gaban. Wadannan gyare-gyare a cikin fahimtar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da fallasa yankunan kwakwalwa masu dacewa sun bayyana yanayin rarrabawar jiki na ayyukan fahimta masu rikitarwa a cikin kwakwalwa. Milner ya taimaka wajen bayyana aikin da ke cikin kwakwalwar mutum kuma ya nuna yadda ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa na iya bambanta a cikin masu hannu hagu, masu hannun dama da masu amfani da hannu (duba hannu). Ta yi amfani da Gwajin Wada don nuna cewa ga kowane hannu, gefen hagu yana da rinjaye ga harshe a yawancin mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andrew-Gee |first=Eric |date=7 April 2023 |title=At 104 years old, memory scientist Brenda Milner seems to remember almost everything |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-brenda-milner-memory-neuroscientist/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Globe and Mail |quote=she showed that the left hemisphere is dominant for language in the vast majority of people, regardless of handedness.}}</ref> Wadannan nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin fifiko na hannu da kuma magana ta gefe sun haifar da fahimtar tasirin cututtukan kwakwalwa na farko akan tsarin tsarin kwakwalwa a lokacin balaga. Nazarinta ya kasance daga cikin na farko da ya nuna cewa lalacewar kwakwalwa na iya haifar da sake tsara aikin ban mamaki. Yin amfani da mafi yawan kuɗin kyauta daga kyaututtuka masu yawa, Milner ta ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 1 ga Cibiyar Nazarin Neurological ta Montreal a cikin 2007, bayan ta kafa tushe a cikin sunanta.<ref name="montrealgazette.com">{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2018 |title=Mind of her own: Montreal neuroscientist Brenda Milner on turning 100 |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/mind-of-her-own-montreal-neuroscientist-brenda-milner-on-turning-100 |access-date=November 30, 2018 |website=Montrealgazette.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1di99bylyf84gw81aneczfzkbeusy84 0 144730 839299 807647 2026-05-23T09:51:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brigitta Stockinger''', FMedSci, FRS, Masanin rigakafi kwayoyin ne a Cibiyar Francis Crick da ke London. Lab din Stockinger yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar yadda wasu kwayoyin rigakafi, da ake kira T cells, ke tasowa da aiki tare da bincika yadda abinci da sauran abubuwan muhalli zasu iya shafar yadda tsarin rigakafi ke aiki.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gitta Stockinger |url=https://www.crick.ac.uk/research/find-a-researcher/gitta-stockinger |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=Crick |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160155/https://www.crick.ac.uk/research/find-a-researcher/gitta-stockinger |url-status=dead }}</ref> Stockinger yana mai da hankali kan wani nau'in kwayar rigakafi wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa martani na rigakafi ga ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta da sauran ƙwayoyin cututtuka, wanda ake kira CD4 T cell. Binciken Stockinger ya ba da haske game da wani nau'in CD4 T cell, wanda ake kira Th17 cell, yana kallon dalilin da ya sa wasu daga cikin waɗannan sel suka zama kumburi kuma suna haifar da lalacewa a cikin jiki. Labinta ya gano wani mai karɓa, mai karɓar aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), wanda ke haɗa abubuwan da ke motsa muhalli da tsarin rigakafi.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] == Ilimi == Stockinger ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Mainz, inda aka ba ta PhD a fannin ilmin halitta . Daga nan sai ta yi karatun postdoctoral a London, Cambridge da kuma Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji a Heidelberg . <ref name=":0"/> == Ayyuka == * 1985 - 1991 - Cibiyar Nazarin Rigakafi ta Basel (Memba) * 1991 - 2015 - Sashen Kwayar Kwayar Kwayoyin Kwayar Kwalejin (yanzu wani bangare na Cibiyar Francis Crick), Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta MRC (Shugaba) * 2015-yanzu - Babban Mai Bincike a Cibiyar Francis Crick . Stockinger ya shiga ƙungiyar jagorancin kimiyya ta Cibiyar a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Bincike a watan Yulin 2020. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Gitta Stockinger appointed Associate Research Director |url=https://www.crick.ac.uk/news/2020-07-01_gitta-stockinger-appointed-associate-research-director |access-date=2020-09-16 |website=Crick |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == An zabi Stockinger a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society a shekarar 2013. Zaben da ta yi ya ce: {{Cquote|Brigitta Stockinger has contributed insights regulation and maintenance of peripheral [[T cell]] immune responses. She was the first to define mechanisms underlying the differentiation of [[T helper 17 cell|Th17]] cells and demonstrated substantial pasticity in TH17 cell function depending on the inflammatory environment. Stockinger identified the [[aryl hydrocarbon receptor|Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)]] as connector between the immune system and environmental stimuli, showing that it shapes the functional differentiation of Th17 effector cells. The AhR links their role in host defence as well as their role in [[autoimmunity]] to environmental factors. Research into the physiological roles of AhR in the immune system beyond its role in toxicology provides a major breakthrough for both disciplines.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web | url=http://royalsociety.org/people/brigitta-stockinger/ | title=&#124; Royal Society}}</ref>}} A shekara ta 2008, an zabe ta memba na European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). Har ila yau, ita ma 'yar'uwar Kwalejin Kimiyya ce ta Kiwon Lafiya .<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mbh5aeo3fjt8a1windc07g91573abes 0 144925 839228 832866 2026-05-23T04:10:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Bernardine Anne Mobolaji Evaristo (an haife ta ne a ranar 28 ga Mayu shekara ta 1959) marubuciya ce ta ƙasar Ingilishi kuma Farfesa a fannin rubuce-rubuce a Jami'ar Brunel ta ƙasar London wato Birtaniya. Littafinta Girl, Woman, Other tare ya lashe Kyautar Booker a shekarar 2019 tare da Margaret Atwood's The Testaments, wanda ya sa ta zama mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta lashe Booker. [lower-alpha 1] Littafin ya lashe wasu kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da kyaututtaka biyu na Littafin Burtaniya (aka "Nibbies"). A cikin 2025, an zaɓi Evaristo daga cikin duk waɗanda suka lashe kyautar mata ta baya don Fiction da waɗanda aka zaba a matsayin mai karɓar Kyautar Mata ta Kyauta, girmamawa ta wallafe-wallafen sau ɗaya don bikin cika shekaru 30 na Kyautar Mata don Fiction.[1][2][3] Ita Farfesa ce ta Rubuce-rubuce a Jami'ar Brunel ta London (BUL) kuma ta yi aiki na shekaru hudu a matsayin Shugabar Royal Society of Literature, mace ta biyu kuma baƙar fata ta farko da ta rike mukamin tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1820. Evaristo mai ba da shawara ne na dogon lokaci don haɗa marubuta da masu zane-zane. Ta kafa kamfanin ci gaban marubucin Spread the Word tare da Ruth Borthwick [1] (1995-yanzu) da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na mata baƙar fata na farko na Burtaniya (1982-1988), gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Black Women . [2] Evaristo ya shirya babban taron gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na baƙar fata na Burtaniya, Tarihin Makomar, don Black Theatre Forum (1995), a Royal Festival Hall, da kuma babban taron farko na Burtaniya game da rubutun baƙar fata, Tracing Paper (1997), a Gidan Tarihi na London.[3] Evaristo ta kafa lambar yabo ta Brunel International African Poetry Prize, 2012-2022, wanda a cikin 2023 ya zama lambar yabo ta Evaristo African Poetary tare da Asusun Littafin Waƙoƙin Afirka, kuma ta fara shirin Jagoran Ayyuka na Cikakken don mawaƙa masu launi, 2007-2017. [4][5] A cikin 2024, ta kafa RSL Scriptorium Awards, tana ba da marubutan Burtaniya masu gwagwarmaya "wurin rubutu" a bakin tekun Kent har zuwa wata ɗaya kowannensu, tare da haɗin gwiwar Royal Society of Literature (RSL). [6] A cikin 2025, ta kafa RSL Pioneer Prize, wanda za a ba da kyautar ga wata marubuciya mace daban-daban mai shekaru sama da 60 a kowace shekara na tsawon shekaru goma, wanda ya lashe gasar shine Maureen Duffy. [7][8] Kyautar Pioneer ta samo asali ne daga gudummawar Evaristo na £ 100,000 da kanta ta lashe daga Kyautar Mata ta Kyauta. [9] Evaristo ta sami girmamawa sama da 90, kyaututtuka, zumunci, gabatarwa da sauran alamun sanarwa, kuma littattafanta sun kasance Littafin Shekara sama da sau 60. Ita ce mai girmamawa na rayuwa na [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]" id="mwVg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St Anne's College, Oxford">Kwalejin St Anne, Oxford, kuma memba mai girmamawa ta duniya ta Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka. A cikin 2021, ta gaji Richard Eyre a matsayin Shugaba na Kwalejin Rose Bruford, ta kammala aikinta na shekaru hudu a cikin 2024 kuma dan wasan kwaikwayo Ray Fearon ya gaje ta. Evaristo ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban majalisar RSL kuma a shekarar 2020 ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar, kafin a sanar da ita a matsayin shugabar RSL a shekarar 2021.<ref name="RSL President">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Bernardine Evaristo Announced as New President of the RSL |url=https://rsliterature.org/bernardine-evaristo-announced-as-new-president-of-the-rsl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426023152/https://rsliterature.org/bernardine-evaristo-announced-as-new-president-of-the-rsl/ |archive-date=26 April 2024 |access-date=6 December 2025 |website=The Royal Society of Literature}}</ref> A ƙarshen wa'adin Evaristo na shekaru huɗu, an kira Elif Shafak a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025 a matsayin sabon shugaban RSL. An nada Evaristo a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar Sarauniya ta 2009, kuma Jami'in Order of the Birtaniya Empire (OBE) a matsayin girmamawar ranar haihuwa ta Sarauniya ta 2020, duka lambobin yabo don hidimomi ga adabi. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Evaristo a shekara ta 1959 a Eltham, kudu maso gabashin [[Landan]], kuma an yi masa baftisma Bernardine Anne Mobolaji Evaristo. An haife ta ne a Woolwich, ta huɗu cikin yara takwas da aka haifa wa mahaifiyar Ingila, Jacqueline M. Brinkworth, da kuma mahaifin Najeriya, Julius Taiwo Bayomi Evaristo (1927-2001), wanda aka fi sani da Danny.<ref name="Official website">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://bevaristo.com/biography/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227023951/https://bevaristo.com/biography/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=21 October 2021 |website=Bernandine Evaristo Official Website}}</ref> Brinkworth malamin makaranta ne na al'adun Ingilishi, Irish da Jamusanci.<ref name="Brinkworth" /> An haifi Danny Evaristo a [[Birtaniya Kamaru|Kamaru ta Burtaniya]] kuma ya girma [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]; ya yi ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya a 1949 kuma ya zama mai walda kuma ɗan majalisa na farko a cikin Borough of Greenwich, na Jam'iyyar Labour.<ref name="Official website" /> Kakan mahaifinta, Gregorio Bankole Evaristo (ya mutu a shekara ta 1927), [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] [[Yan Brazil a Najeriya|Aguda]] ne wanda ya tashi daga [[Brazil]] zuwa Najeriya. Ya kasance jami'in kwastam. Kakar mahaifinta, Zenobia Evaristo, née Sowemima (d. 1967), ta fito ne daga [[Abeokuta]] a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fadumiye |first=AdeOla |title=Social: Bernadine Evaristo... on the crossroads of culture |url=http://www.genevieveng.com/bernadine-evaristo-on-the-crossroads-of-culture/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911003701/http://www.genevieveng.com/bernadine-evaristo-on-the-crossroads-of-culture/ |archive-date=11 September 2014 |access-date=9 September 2014 |website=Genevieve}}</ref> Evaristo ta yi karatu a makarantar Eltham Hill Grammar School for Girls daga 1970 zuwa 1977, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni Author Bernadine Evaristo Holds Q&A at Eltham Hill |url=https://www.elthamhill.com/132/case-studies/case-study/2/alumni-author-bernadine-evaristo-holds-qa-at-eltham-hill |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004114945/https://www.elthamhill.com/132/case-studies/case-study/2/alumni-author-bernadine-evaristo-holds-qa-at-eltham-hill |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=Eltham Hill School}}</ref> kuma a 1972 ta shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Greenwich Young People (yanzu Tramshed, a Woolwich), game da abin da ta ce: "Ina da shekaru goma sha biyu kuma hakan shine yin yarinta kuma ya haifar da aikin rayuwa da aka yi a cikin zane-zane. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Team |url=https://tramshed.org/about-us/meet-the-team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004114942/https://tramshed.org/about-us/meet-the-team |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Tramshed}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da halartar Kwalejin Rose Bruford na Magana da Wasan kwaikwayo, ta kammala a 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernardine Evaristo (OBE) |url=https://www.bruford.ac.uk/graduate/graduate-profiles/bernardine-evaristo-obe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004114941/https://www.bruford.ac.uk/graduate/graduate-profiles/bernardine-evaristo-obe/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=Rose Bruford College}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1980s, tare da Paulette Randall da Patricia Hilaire, ta kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Black Women, kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Burtaniya na irin wannan. A cikin shekarun 1990s, ta shirya taron farko na baƙar fata na Burtaniya, wanda aka gudanar a Gidan Tarihi na London, da kuma taron farko na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya na baƙarƙashiya, wanda aka gudana a Royal Festival Hall. A shekara ta 1995 ta kafa kuma ta ba da umarnin Spread the Word, hukumar ci gaban marubuta ta London. Evaristo ta ci gaba da karatu a Kwalejin Goldsmiths, Jami'ar London, inda ta sami digirin digirin digirinta a rubuce-rubuce a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernardine Evaristo |url=https://www.gold.ac.uk/our-people/profile-hub/english-and-creative-writing/pg/other/bernardine-evaristo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004114947/https://www.gold.ac.uk/our-people/profile-hub/english-and-creative-writing/pg/other/bernardine-evaristo/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=gold.ac.uk |publisher=Goldsmiths University of London}}</ref> A cikin 2019, an nada ta Woolwich Laureate ta Greenwich da Docklands International Festival, ta sake haɗawa da rubutu game da garin da ta bar lokacin da take da shekaru 18.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=7 September 2019 |title=Bernardine Evaristo on Woolwich: 'We weren't allowed to play outside' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/sep/07/bernardine-evaristo-made-in-woolwich |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014213821/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/sep/07/bernardine-evaristo-made-in-woolwich |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=16 October 2019}}</ref> A cikin 2022, an ba ta kyautar "Freedom of the Borough of the Royal Borough of Greenwich". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenwich |first=Royal Borough of |title=Freedom of the Borough |url=https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/200164/about_the_royal_borough/320/freedom_of_the_borough |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160505/https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/200164/about_the_royal_borough/320/freedom_of_the_borough |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == [[Fayil:Bernardine_Evaristo_Speaking_at_event.jpg|alt=Bernardine Evaristo seated in a chair speaking at an event|thumb|Evaristo yana magana a wani taron.]] Littafin farko na Evaristo da za a buga shi ne tarin waƙoƙi na 1994 da ake kira Island of Abraham (Leeds: Peepal Tree Press). Ta ci gaba da zama marubuciyar littattafai guda biyu da ba na almara ba, da littattafai takwas na almara da almara waɗanda ke bincika fannoni na Afirka. Tana gwaji tare da tsari da hangen nesa, sau da yawa tana haɗuwa da baya tare da yanzu, fiction tare da shayari, gaskiyar tare da hasashe, da kuma gaskiyar tare da wasu gaskiyar (kamar yadda a cikin littafinta na 2008 Blonde Roots). <ref name="Brunel" /> Littafin litattafansa mai suna The Emperor's Babe (Penguin, 2001) game da yarinya baƙar fata ce, iyayenta daga Nubia ne, suna zuwa shekaru a Roman London kusan shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Arts Council Writers' Award 2000, lambar yabo ta NESTA Fellowship a shekara ta 2003, kuma The Times ta ci gaba da zabarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin 100 Mafi Kyawun Littattafai na Shekaru goma a shekara ta 2010, kuma an daidaita shi cikin wasan BBC Radio 4 a shekara ta 2013. Littafin Evaristo na huɗu, Soul Tourists (Penguin, 2005), littafi ne na gwaji game da ma'aurata da ba su dace ba suna tuki a Turai zuwa Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda ke nuna fatalwowi na ainihin adadi na launi daga tarihin Turai. Littafinta Blonde Roots (Penguin, 2008) wani satire ne wanda ya canza tarihin [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|Cinikin bayi na Atlantic]] kuma ya maye gurbinsa da sararin samaniya inda 'yan Afirka suka bautar da Turawa. Blonde Roots ta lashe lambar yabo ta Orange Youth Panel da Big Red Read Award, kuma an zabi ta don lambar yabo ta wallafe-wallafen Dublin ta Duniya, lambar yabo ta orange da lambar yabo ta Arthur C. Clarke. <ref name="Diaspora">{{Cite web |date=2016-04-27 |title=Bernardine Evaristo |url=http://www.bbawriting.com/bernardine-evaristo/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427023247/http://www.bbawriting.com/bernardine-evaristo/ |archive-date=2016-04-27 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Diaspora Writers UK}}</ref> Evaristo's other books include the verse novel ''Lara'' (Bloodaxe Books, 2009, with an earlier version published in 1997), which fictionalised the multiple cultural strands of her family history going back over 150 years as well as her London childhood in a mixed-race family. ''Lara'' won the EMMA Best Novel Award in 1998. Evaristo's novella ''Hello Mum'' (Penguin, 2010) was chosen as "The Big Read" for the County of Suffolk and was adapted into a BBC Radio 4 play in 2012. Littafinta Mr Loverman (Penguin UK, 2013/Akashic Books USA, 2014) game da wani dan Caribbean mai shekaru saba'in, ɗan luwaɗi mai la'akari da zaɓinsa bayan auren shekaru 50 da matarsa. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Triangle Ferro-Grumley don LGBT Fiction (Amurka) da Jerwood Fiction Uncovered Prize . A cikin 2015, ta rubuta kuma ta gabatar da wani shirin BBC Radio 4 mai kashi biyu, Fiery Inspiration - game da Amiri Baraka, a BBC Radio 4. <ref name="Baraka">{{Cite web |title=Fiery Inspiration: Amiri Baraka And The Black Arts Movement |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/proginfo/2022/12/firey-inspiration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907082333/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/proginfo/2022/12/firey-inspiration |archive-date=7 September 2022 |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=BBC Media Centre}}</ref> Littafin Evaristo Girl, Woman, Other (Mayu 2019, Hamish Hamilton / Penguin UK) wani labari ne mai ban sha'awa "fusion fiction" game da mata 12 da farko baƙar fata na Burtaniya. Shekaru 19 zuwa 93 kuma suna da alaƙa da al'adun al'adu, yanayin jima'i, azuzuwan da yanayin ƙasa, kuma littafin ya nuna fatan su, gwagwarmaya da rayuwarsu. A watan Yulin 2019, an zaɓi littafin don jerin sunayen Booker Prize, sannan ya sanya gajeren jerin sunayen, wanda aka sanar a ranar 3 ga Satumba 2019, tare da littattafan Margaret Atwood, Lucy Ellmann, [[Chigozie Obioma]], [[Salman Rushdi|Salman Rushdie]] da Elif Shafak. A ranar 14 ga Oktoba, Girl, Woman, Other ta lashe Kyautar Booker tare da Atwood's The Testaments . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2020 |title=Margaret Atwood and Bernardine Evaristo: Winners of The 2019 Booker Prize announced |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/booker-prize/news/margaret-atwood-and-bernardine-evaristo-winners-2019-booker-prize-announced |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402211802/https://thebookerprizes.com/booker-prize/news/margaret-atwood-and-bernardine-evaristo-winners-2019-booker-prize-announced |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |publisher=The Booker Prizes}}</ref> Nasarar ta sanya Evaristo mace baƙar fata ta farko kuma marubucin baƙar fata na Burtaniya na farko da ya lashe kyautar.<ref name="Flood" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 1959 |title=Bernardine Evaristo |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/authors/bernadine-evaristo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928230027/https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/authors/bernadine-evaristo |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=The Booker Prizes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women of the World Festival 2022 {{!}} Bernardine Evaristo - Black Britain: Writing Back |url=https://thewowfoundation.com/events/bernardine-evaristo-black-britain-writing-back |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004185953/https://thewowfoundation.com/events/bernardine-evaristo-black-britain-writing-back |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Women of the World}}</ref> Girl, Woman, Other na ɗaya daga cikin Littattafan 19 da [[Barack Obama]] ya fi so na 2019 da kuma Littafin da Roxane Gay ya fi so a 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gay |first=Roxane |date=6 February 2020 |title=A Year in the Life: 2019 |url=https://gay.medium.com/a-year-in-the-life-2019-ee72896c58e8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109235944/https://gay.medium.com/a-year-in-the-life-2019-ee72896c58e8 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=9 November 2020 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Segal |first=Corinne |date=6 February 2020 |title=Roxane Gay's favorite book of 2019 was Girl, Woman, Other |url=https://lithub.com/roxane-gays-favorite-book-of-2019-was-girl-woman-other/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426023207/https://lithub.com/roxane-gays-favorite-book-of-2019-was-girl-woman-other/ |archive-date=26 April 2024 |access-date=9 November 2020 |website=LitHub}}</ref> An kuma sanya littafin a cikin jerin sunayen don Kyautar Mata ta 2020 don Fiction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-22 |title=Women's Prize for Fiction shortlist announced |url=https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2020/04/22/149500/womens-prize-for-fiction-shortlist-announced-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516021106/https://www.booksandpublishing.com.au/articles/2020/04/22/149500/womens-prize-for-fiction-shortlist-announced-2/ |archive-date=16 May 2020 |access-date=2020-05-05 |website=Books+Publishing |language=en-AU}}</ref> A cikin 2020, Evaristo ya lashe lambar yabo ta British Book Awards: Fiction Book of the Year da Author of the Year, lambar yabo ta Indie Book for Fiction. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Indie Book Award 2020 winners announced |url=https://www.writers-online.co.uk/news/indie-book-award-2020-winners-announced/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004140646/https://www.writers-online.co.uk/news/indie-book-award-2020-winners-announced/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |website=Writers Online}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2020, Evaristo ta zama mace baƙar fata ta farko kuma marubucin baƙar fata na Burtaniya na farko da ya kai lamba ɗaya a cikin labaran almara na Burtaniya, inda ta rike matsayi na farko na makonni biyar kuma ta kwashe makonni 44 a cikin Top 10. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernardine Evaristo |url=https://nationalcentreforwriting.org.uk/elif-shafaks-10-women-writers/bernardine-evaristo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004124644/https://nationalcentreforwriting.org.uk/elif-shafaks-10-women-writers/bernardine-evaristo/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=[[National Centre for Writing]]}}</ref> An haɗa Evaristo a cikin Black Powerlist 100 na tsawon shekaru huɗu tun daga 2020, wanda ya amince da mutanen da suka fi tasiri a Burtaniya na al'adun Afirka ko Afirka ta Caribbean. A cikin 2020, an haɗa ta cikin jerin 100 Great Black Britons . A cikin 2022, Girl, Woman, Other an haɗa su a cikin jerin littattafai 70 da marubuta na [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] suka zaba don bikin Platinum Jubilee na Elizabeth II. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2022 |title=The Big Jubilee Read: A literary celebration of Queen Elizabeth II's record-breaking reign |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2Ynpj933DJ2YG5nsMS6fn8k/a-literary-celebration-of-queen-elizabeth-iis-record-breaking-reign |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606154853/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2Ynpj933DJ2YG5nsMS6fn8k/a-literary-celebration-of-queen-elizabeth-iis-record-breaking-reign |archive-date=6 June 2022 |access-date=18 June 2022 |website=BBC}}</ref> Rubutun Evaristo ya hada da gajeren fiction, wasan kwaikwayo, shayari, rubutun, sukar adabi, da ayyukan ''Mata'' da rediyo. Biyu daga cikin littattafanta, The Emperor's Babe (2001) da Hello Mum (2010), an daidaita su cikin wasan kwaikwayo na BBC Radio 4. Littafinta na tara, Manifesto: On Never Giving Up, Penguin UK (Oktoba 2021) da Grove Atlantic USA (2022) ne suka buga shi. Littafinta na goma, Feminism (Nuwamba 2021), wani bangare ne na jerin "Look Again" na Tate Britain (Tate Publishing). Tana ba da bincike na sirri game da wakiltar fasahar matan Burtaniya masu launi a cikin mahallin babban sake fasalin gallery mai zuwa. A cikin 2020 Evaristo ya haɗu da mai tsara kayan ado Valentino a kan tarin su na Collezione Milano, rubuta rubutun waka don tafiya tare da hotunan tarin ta mai daukar hoto Liz Johnson Artur, wanda aka buga a matsayin littafin teburin kofi (Rizzoli, 2021). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liz Johnson Artur / Bernardine Evaristo: Valentino: Collezione Milano |url=https://bookshop.thephotographersgallery.org.uk/products/liz-johnson-artur-bernardine-evaristo-valentino-collezione-milano |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727114147/https://bookshop.thephotographersgallery.org.uk/products/liz-johnson-artur-bernardine-evaristo-valentino-collezione-milano |archive-date=27 July 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=TPG Bookshop}}</ref> Evaristo ya rubuta labarai da yawa, litattafai, fiction da sake dubawa na littattafai ciki har da: The Times, Vanity Fair, ''[[The Guardian]]'', The Observer, The Independent, ''Vogue'', ''Harper's Bazaar UK'', The Times Literary Supplement, Condé Nast Traveler, ''Wasafiri'', da New Statesman. Ta ba da gudummawa ga New Daughters of Africa (Myriad Editions, 2019), wanda [[Margaret Busby]] ta shirya.<ref name="BrittlePaper">{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=4 January 2020 |title=I Long Ago Chose to Take My Community with Me on My Creative Journey |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2020/01/i-long-ago-chose-to-take-my-community-with-me-on-my-creative-journey-bernardine-evaristo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111103024/https://brittlepaper.com/2020/01/i-long-ago-chose-to-take-my-community-with-me-on-my-creative-journey-bernardine-evaristo/ |archive-date=11 January 2020 |access-date=15 January 2020 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Le Gendre |first=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Le Gendre |date=29 May 2019 |title=Daughters Of Africa |url=https://echoesmagazine.co.uk/2019/04/29/daughters-of-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232058/https://echoesmagazine.co.uk/2019/04/29/daughters-of-africa/ |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=2 September 2021}}</ref> == Ayyukan gyarawa da kulawa == Evaristo ya shirya mujallar The Sunday Times Style (UK) a watan Yulin 2020 tare da karɓar baƙar fata / xn, wanda ke nuna jerin matasa masu fasaha, masu gwagwarmaya da masu canzawa. Shekaru kadan da suka gabata, ta kasance editan baƙo na fitowar Satumba 2014 na mujallar ''Mslexia'', kungiyar Poetry Society of Great Britain ta fitowar hunturu mai shekaru ɗari The Poetry Review (2012), mai taken "Offending Frequencies"; fitowar musamman ta mujallar ''Wasafiri'' da ake kira Black Britain: Beyond Definition (Routledge, 2010), tare da mawaki Karen McCarthy Woolf; G, <ref>[https://mslexia.co.uk/products/single-issues/print-issues/issue-63/#tab-description ''Mslexia'']{{Dead link|date=October 2023}}, Issue 63, Sep/Oct/Nov 2014.</ref> wani tarihin Black da mawaƙa na Asiya, tare da mawallafin Daljit Nagra (Bloodaxe Books, 2010), ''Goma'' a cikin 2007, ta hada da New Writing Council / British Anthology). Evaristo kuma ya kasance edita na mujallar FrontSeat a cikin shekarun 1990, kuma ɗaya daga cikin editocin Black Women Talk Poetry anthology (wanda aka buga a 1987 ta Black Womantalk Poetry collective wanda Evaristo ya kasance wani ɓangare), na farko na Burtaniya irin wannan tarihin, wanda ke nunawa daga cikin mawaƙanta 20 Jackie Kay, Dorothea Smartt da Adjoa Andoh.<ref name="Diaspora"/> A watan Oktoba 2020, an ba da sanarwar cewa Evaristo yana tsara sabon jerin littattafai tare da Hamish Hamilton a masu wallafa Penguin Random House, "Black Britain: Writing Back", wanda ya haɗa da dawo da littattafan bugawa da rarrabawa daga baya. Littattafai shida na farko, litattafai, an buga su a watan Fabrairun 2021, ciki har da ''Minty Alley'' (1936) na [[C. L. R. James]] da The Dancing Face (1997) na Mike Phillips.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2020 |title=Bernardine Evaristo rediscovers six novels by Black writers for Black Britain: Writing Back series |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2020/october/black-britain-writing-back-bernardine-evaristo-hamish-hamilton-series.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104100846/https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2020/october/black-britain-writing-back-bernardine-evaristo-hamish-hamilton-series.html |archive-date=4 November 2020 |access-date=9 November 2020 |publisher=Penguin}}</ref> == Bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai == Evaristo ya kasance batun manyan shirye-shiryen talabijin guda biyu: The South Bank Show, tare da Melvyn Bragg (Sky Arts, Autumn 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Joel |date=28 October 2020 |title=The South Bank Show: Gillian Anderson, Bernardine Evaristo, Benjamin Zephaniah and Simon Armitage |url=https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/whats-on/2020/10/28/the-south-bank-show-gillian-anderson-bernardine-evaristo-benjamin-zephaniah-and-simon-armitage/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424134508/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/entertainment/whats-on/2020/10/28/the-south-bank-show-gillian-anderson-bernardine-evaristo-benjamin-zephaniah-and-simon-armitage/ |archive-date=24 April 2024 |access-date=22 November 2021 |website=[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2020 |title=Gillian Anderson, Bernardine Evaristo, Benjamin Zephaniah & Simon Armitage featured in new South Bank Show season |url=https://www.seenit.co.uk/gillian-anderson-bernardine-evaristo-benjamin-zephaniah-simon-armitage-featured-in-new-south-bank-show-season/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122214909/https://www.seenit.co.uk/gillian-anderson-bernardine-evaristo-benjamin-zephaniah-simon-armitage-featured-in-new-south-bank-show-season/ |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=22 November 2021 |website=seenit.co.uk}}</ref> da kuma Imagine, tare da [[Alan Yentob]] ("Bernardine Evaristo: Never Give Up", BBC One, Satumba 2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |date=31 August 2021 |title=BBC Documentary Explores the Life and Work of Bernardine Evaristo {{!}} Airs on Sept. 2 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2021/08/bbc-documentary-explores-the-life-and-work-of-bernardine-evaristo-airs-on-sept-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902225618/https://brittlepaper.com/2021/08/bbc-documentary-explores-the-life-and-work-of-bernardine-evaristo-airs-on-sept-2/ |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Brittle Paper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2021 |title=Bernardine Evaristo: Never Give Up |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000z9bj |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902225619/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000z9bj |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=imagine... |publisher=BBC One}}</ref> Ta ba da wasu tambayoyin da yawa, ciki har da HARDtalk, tare da Stephen Shakur (BBC World, 2020) da This Cultural Life, tare da John Wilson (BBC4, Nuwamba 2021). Ta kuma kasance batun ''Bayani'' (BBC Radio 4, 2019) da Desert Island Discs a BBC Radio 4, wanda Lauren Laverne ta yi hira da shi, a cikin 2020. A cikin 2015, Evaristo ya rubuta kuma ya gabatar da wani shirin BBC Radio 4 mai kashi biyu mai suna Fiery Inspiration: Amiri Baraka da Black Arts Movement . <ref name="Baraka"/> Yawancin bayyanarta na kwasfan fayiloli a Burtaniya sun haɗa da tambayoyin da Adwoa Aboah, [[Samira Ahmed]], Elizabeth Day, Grace Dent, Annie MacManus, Graham Norton, James O'Brien, [[Natalie Portman]], Jay Rayner, Simon Savidge, Pandora Sykes da Jeremy Vine suka gudanar. A cikin watanni biyu bayan nasarar da ta samu na Booker Prize, Evaristo ta rubuta cewa ta sami gayyata da yawa don ba da tambayoyi fiye da dukan aikinta.<ref name="BrittlePaper"/> == Koyarwa da yawon shakatawa == Evaristo ya koyar da rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa tun 1994. Har ila yau, an ba ta lambar yabo da yawa ta rubuce-rubuce da mazauna ciki har da Montgomery Fellowship a Kwalejin Dartmouth a Hanover, New Hampshire a cikin 2015; don Majalisar Burtaniya a Jami'ar Georgetown, Washington, DC; Kwalejin Barnard / Jami'ar Columbia, New York; Jami'ar Western Cape, Afirka ta Kudu; bikin Virginia Arts (Virginia, Amurka), da Writing Fellow a Jami'in East Anglia, Burtaniya. Ta koyar da darasi na Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia-Guardian "Yadda za a ba da labarin" na tsawon shekaru hudu a London har zuwa 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2014 |title=#PotW Literary London annual lecture 23 July: Bernardine Evaristo: 'London, Londinium, Londolo: The Endless Possibilities of Re-Imagining London' |url=https://talkinghumanities.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2014/07/21/potw-literacy-london-annual-lecture-23-july/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151012134330/http://talkinghumanities.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2014/07/21/potw-literacy-london-annual-lecture-23-july/ |archive-date=12 October 2015 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=Talking Humanities |publisher=School of Advanced Study, University of London}}</ref> Evaristo Farfesa ne na Rubuce-rubuce a Jami'ar Brunel ta London, bayan ya koyar a jami'ar tun shekara ta 2011.<ref name="BrittlePaper"/> Tun daga shekara ta 1997, ta karɓi gayyata ta ƙasa da ƙasa sama da 130 a matsayin marubuciya. Wadannan sun hada da mazaunan marubuta da ziyarar zumunci, yawon shakatawa na Majalisar Burtaniya, yawon bude ido na littattafai, koyar da darussan rubuce-rubuce da bita da kuma maɓalli, jawabai da bangarori a tarurruka da yawa da bukukuwan adabi.<ref name="Official website"/> Ta jagoranci taron 32 da 33 na Majalisar Burtaniya ta Berlin Literature Seminar a cikin 2017 da 2018. Ta gabatar da lacca na New Statesman / Goldsmiths Prize a ranar 30 ga Satumba 2020 . A watan Oktoba 2020, ta ba da jawabin buɗewa a taron Frankfurt Book Fair's Publishing Insights, inda ta yi kira ga masu bugawa da su hayar karin mutane da ke wakiltar al'ummomi da yawa: "Dole ne mu sami mutane da ke aiki a masana'antar daga dukkan waɗannan al'ummomin da ke neman wani abu fiye da al'ada da al'adu".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Hannah |date=14 October 2020 |title=Bernardine Evaristo to UK Publishing: Hire More Diverse People |url=https://publishingperspectives.com/2020/10/bernardine-evaristo-to-uk-publishing-hire-more-diverse-people/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410193546/https://publishingperspectives.com/2020/10/bernardine-evaristo-to-uk-publishing-hire-more-diverse-people/ |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=Publishing Perspectives}}</ref> Evaristo shine mai ba da shawara ga wallafe-wallafen Rolex Mentor & Protege Arts Initiative na 2023-2024 yana ba da shawara kan marubucin littafin Ghana [[Ayesha Harruna Attah]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Pairs - The Rolex Mentor & Protégé Arts Initiative |url=https://www.rolex.org/rolex-mentor-protege/current-pairs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621064058/https://www.rolex.org/rolex-mentor-protege/current-pairs |archive-date=21 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=rolex.org |language=en}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara na zane-zane na baya tun lokacin da shirin ya fara a 2002 sun haɗa da Margaret Atwood, Gilberto Gil, Philip Glass, Sir Peter Hall, David Hockney, Sir Anish Kapoor, William Kentridge, Spike Lee, Phyllida Lloyd, Lin Manuel Miranda, [[Toni Morrison]], Jessye Norman, Yousou N'Dour, Michael Ondaatje, [[Martin Scorsese]], [[Wole Soyinka]], Julie Taymor da Mario Vargas Llosa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rolex.org - Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative |url=https://www.rolex.org/rolex-mentor-protege |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428193932/http://www.rolexmentorprotege.com/pairing/2006-2007/pinchas_zukerman_and_david_aaron_carpenter |archive-date=28 April 2018 |access-date=2023-06-21 |website=rolex.org |language=en}}</ref> === Cikakken Ayyuka === A shekara ta 2006, Evaristo ya fara wani rahoto da aka ba da tallafin Majalisar Fasaha wanda hukumar ci gaban marubucin Spread the Word ta bayar game da dalilin da ya sa baƙar fata <ref>{{In lang|it}} Caponi, Paolo. </ref> da mawaƙa na Asiya ba a buga su a Burtaniya ba, wanda ya nuna cewa kasa da kashi 1 cikin 100 na duk waƙoƙin da aka buga na mawaƙa ne masu launi. Lokacin da aka buga rahoton, sai ta fara shirin ba da shawara na The Complete Works, tare da Nathalie Teitler da Spread the Word . <ref name="TCW">{{Cite web |title=The Complete Works |url=https://thecompleteworkspoetry.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417081024/https://thecompleteworkspoetry.wordpress.com/ |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref> A cikin wannan shirin ci gaban kasa, an jagoranci mawaƙa 30, kowannensu a cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu, kuma da yawa sun ci gaba da buga littattafai, sun sami kyaututtuka kuma sun sami karbuwa mai tsanani don shayinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bird |first=Julia |date=2 December 2015 |title=The Complete Works Poetry – call for submissions |url=https://poetryschool.com/our-news/complete-works-poetry-call-submissions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023151421/https://poetryschool.com/our-news/complete-works-poetry-call-submissions/ |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=The Poetry School}}</ref> == Sauran ayyukan == Baya ga kafa RSL Scriptorium Awards da Brunel International African Poetry Prize, <ref name="Official website"/> ta yi hukunci da kyaututtuka da yawa. A shekara ta 2012 ta kasance shugabar juriya don Kyautar Caine don Rubuce-rubucen Afirka da Kyautar Takaitaccen Labari ta Commonwealth . <ref>Evaristo, Bernardine, [http://www.o.org/what-makes-a-good-short-story-by-bernardine-evaristo/]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{"'}}There is no magic formula{{'"}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023}} (Chair of the 2012 Commonwealth Short Story Prize on what makes a good short story) Commonwealth Writers.</ref> A cikin 2021, ta kasance Shugabar Kyautar Mata don Kwamitin Alƙalai na Fiction . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2020 |title=Announcing our 2021 Judging Panel |url=https://womensprizeforfiction.co.uk/features/features/news/announcing-our-womens-prize-for-fiction2021-judges |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907082335/https://womensprizeforfiction.co.uk/features/features/news/announcing-our-womens-prize-for-fiction2021-judges |archive-date=7 September 2022 |access-date=7 September 2022 |publisher=Women's Prize for Fiction}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ta jagoranci kyautar littafin Forward Poetry . A shekara ta 2024, ta jagoranci lambar yabo ta Nero Gold na Nero Book Awards da kuma lambar yabo ta Global Black Women for Non-Fiction wanda Cassava Republic Press ta kafa. Evaristo ya kuma yi aiki a majalisun da yawa da kwamitocin ba da shawara ga kungiyoyi daban-daban ciki har da Majalisar Royal Society of Literature (RSL) tun daga 2017, Majalisar Fasaha ta Ingila, Hukumar Fasaha ta London, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Littattafan Burtaniya, Society of Authors, Society of Poetry (Chair) da mujallar wallafe-wallafen ''Wasafiri'' ta duniya.<ref name="Official website"/> Hoton Evaristo (2002) na mai daukar hoto Sal Idriss yana cikin tarin National Portrait Gallery, London.<ref name="NPG person page">{{Cite web |title=Bernardine Evaristo - Person - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp67652 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814115341/https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp67652 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=25 September 2020 |website=National Portrait Gallery, London}}</ref> === Royal Society of Literature === Evaristo was elected as President of the Royal Society of Literature from the end of 2021 (following the retirement of Dame Marina Warner), becoming the first writer of colour and only the second woman to hold the position in the Society's 200-year history. She stated at the time of the announcement: "Literature is not a luxury, but essential to our civilisation. I am so proud, therefore, to be the figurehead of such an august and robust literature organisation that is so actively and urgently committed to being inclusive."<ref name="RSL President"/> In 2022, she commented in a profile piece on her in the ''New Yorker'' on the subject of the RSL "40 under 40" scheme and RSL Open initiative to bring in outstanding younger and more diverse writers to the RSL: "It's like you've got two hundred years of history to counterbalance ... So are you going to wait another two hundred years, or are you going to just speed the process up a bit?" The RSL Open scheme was set up because at that time there were more RSL Fellows over 100 (three) than under 40. In her role as President of the RSL, she has brought three philanthropic projects to the charity that she has not managed or administrated because her role is that of figurehead. As a Sky Arts Ambassador, Evaristo spearheaded the Sky Arts RSL Writers Awards, providing mentoring for under-represented writers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Sky Arts joins forces with five world-leading artists to nurture the next generation |url=https://www.skygroup.sky/en-gb/article/sky-arts-joins-forces-with-five-world-leading-artists-to-nurture-the-next-generation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907082331/https://www.skygroup.sky/en-gb/article/sky-arts-joins-forces-with-five-world-leading-artists-to-nurture-the-next-generation |archive-date=7 September 2022 |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Sky Arts}}</ref> In 2024, she founded the RSL Scriptorium Awards, offering her cottage on the Kent coast for free to ten writers a year who struggle to find the time and space to write. Each writer will have the entire cottage to themselves for a month<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santos |first=Ailinn |date=2024-10-25 |title=RSL Scriptorium Awards Launch: 'A place for writing' - Royal Society of Literature |url=https://rsliterature.org/rsl-scriptorium-awards-launch-a-place-for-writing/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2025-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128111839/https://rsliterature.org/rsl-scriptorium-awards-launch-a-place-for-writing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2025, Evaristo founded the RSL Pioneer Prize, dedicated to honouring women writers over 60 years of age who laid the ground for future generations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2025 |title=RSL Pioneer Prize |url=https://rsliterature.org/rsl-pioneer-prize/ |access-date=30 November 2025 |publisher=Royal Society of Literature}}</ref> The role of President is that of the organisation's figurehead and Evaristo is not involved in the management of the charity. However, from 2023, the RSL received criticism over the new diversity of fellowship, the emphasis on younger fellows, and for not taking a strong enough stance about the stabbing of Salman Rushdie<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leith |first=Sam |author-link=Sam Leith |date=17 February 2024 |title=The feud tearing apart the Royal Society of Literature |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-feuding-tearing-apart-the-royal-society-of-literature/ |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=[[The Spectator]] |quote=a motion in Council to speak out in support of Salman Rushdie ... was squashed. The reasoning, according to Evaristo, is that the RSL should remain 'impartial' in political matters.}}</ref> and the cancellation of Kate Clanchy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanderson |first=David |date=2 February 2024 |title=Inside the row tearing the Royal Society of Literature apart |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/inside-the-row-tearing-the-royal-society-of-literature-apart-d3z2zr7cl |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en |quote=they would not make a stand about the attacks on Clanchy, some sort of defence for all writers facing these social media attacks.}}</ref> In February 2024, Evaristo defended the RSL in ''The Guardian'' against "all attacks", and stated in an article that the RSL "cannot take sides in writers' controversies and issues, but must remain impartial." The Royal Society of Literature later stated that Evaristo was neither a trustee of the RSL nor a "decision maker or manager".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Royal Society |first=of Literature |date=2024-02-21 |title=Statement from the Trustees of the RSL |url=https://rsliterature.org/statement-from-the-trustees-of-the-rsl/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |language=en-GB |quote=She is not a decision maker or manager, nor does she have any responsibility for running the RSL |archive-date=2025-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108142129/https://rsliterature.org/statement-from-the-trustees-of-the-rsl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marnham |first=Patrick |date=January–February 2025 |title=How the Royal Society of Literature lost the plot |url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/culture/68696/how-the-royal-society-of-literature-lost-the-plot |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=www.prospectmagazine.co.uk |language=en |quote=as president, she was merely a figurehead and had nothing to do with the implementation of policy}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ta auri marubucin David Shannon, wanda ta sadu da shi a shekara ta 2006, kuma an ƙaddamar da littafinsa na farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 2021 .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson |first=Angeline |date=2 April 2021 |title=Bernardine Evaristo's Husband Publishes Debut Novel |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2021/04/bernardine-evaristos-husband-publishes-debut-novel/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024172105/https://brittlepaper.com/2021/04/bernardine-evaristos-husband-publishes-debut-novel/ |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=Brittle Paper}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == === Fellowships da sauran girmamawa na mutum === * 2002: UEA Writing Fellow, Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia * 2003: Kyautar Kyautar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Fasaha ta Kasa (NESTA) <ref name="Encyclopedia">{{Cite web |title=Evaristo, Bernardine 1959- |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/evaristo-bernardine-1959 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017094140/https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/evaristo-bernardine-1959 |archive-date=17 October 2019 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Encyclopedia.com]]}}</ref> * 2004: An zabe shi Fellow, Royal Society of Literature (est.1820) * 2006: Fellow na Majalisar Burtaniya, Jami'ar Georgetown, Amurka <ref name="Encyclopedia" /> * 2006: An zabe shi Fellow, Royal Society of Arts (est.1754) <ref name="Diaspora"/> * 2009: An ba shi lambar yabo ta [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] a cikin jerin sunayen girmamawa na ranar haihuwar Sarauniya don hidimomi ga wallafe-wallafen * 2015: The Montgomery Fellow, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Amurka * 2017: An zabe shi Fellow mai daraja, Ƙungiyar Ingilishi (est.1906) * 2018: An zabe shi Fellow na Kwalejin Rose Bruford na Wasanni da Ayyuka * 2019: Financial Times: jerin mata 14 masu canza wasanni * 2019: Jerin ikon ''Mai sayar da Littattafai'' 150 <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE BOOKSELLER 150 - 2019 |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/bookseller-150-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203173437/https://www.thebookseller.com/bookseller-150-2019 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref> * 2020: An ba shi lambar yabo ta [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar Sarauniya ta 2020 don hidimomi ga adabi * 2020: Kyautar Littafin Burtaniya: Mawallafin Shekara <ref name="BBA Penguin">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2020 |title=Bernardine Evaristo named Author of the Year at the British Book Awards |url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/company-article/bernardine-evaristo-named-author-of-the-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111173143/https://www.penguin.co.uk/articles/company-article/bernardine-evaristo-named-author-of-the-year |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=penguin.co.uk |publisher=Penguin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-06-30 |title=Awards: British Book, RSL Encore Winners |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3771 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329131950/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3771 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2020: Elle 50 - jerin masu canza wasan Burtaniya * 2020: Medal na Zinare na Gudanar da Daraja (est. 1683), Kwalejin Trinity DublinKwalejin Trinity ta Dublin * 2020: GG2 Woman of the Year Award <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2022 |title=Winners 2020 |url=https://gg2leadershipawards.co.uk/winners/winners-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824072042/https://gg2leadershipawards.co.uk/winners/winners-2020/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=GG2 Leadership & Diversity Awards |publisher=Asian Media Group}}</ref> * 2020: ''Vogue'' 25 na 2020 - jerin mata 25 mafi tasiri a Burtaniya * 2020: An zabe shi daya daga cikin ''100 Great Black Britons'' * 2020: Jerin ikon ''Mai sayar da Littattafai'' 150 <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE BOOKSELLER 150 - 2020 |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/bookseller-150-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204140927/https://www.thebookseller.com/bookseller-150-2020 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020}}</ref> * 2021: Mujallar Glamour Mata na Shekara, Kyautar Mawallafin Gamechanging * 2021: Mai girmamawa na kasa da kasa, Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka (a shekara ta 1780) * 2021: Shugaban Kwalejin Rose Bruford na Wasanni da Ayyuka <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2020 |title=Professor Bernardine Evaristo OBE is appointed President of Rose Bruford College |url=https://www.bruford.ac.uk/professor-bernardine-evaristo-obe-is-appointed-president-of-rose-bruford-college/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |publisher=Rose Bruford College}}</ref> * 2021: The UK Black Powerlist 100 (1st shekara) * 2021: Kyautar mujallar Vanity Fair Challenger * 2021: Jerin ikon ''Mai sayar da Littattafai'' 150 * 2022: An nada shi shugaban kasa, Royal Society of Literature (2022-2026) <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2021 |title=St Anne's Honorary Fellow, Bernardine Evaristo, elected President of the Royal Society of Literature |url=https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/st-annes-honorary-fellow-bernardine-evaristo-elected-president-of-the-royal-society-of-literature/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004160309/https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/st-annes-honorary-fellow-bernardine-evaristo-elected-president-of-the-royal-society-of-literature/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=St Anne's College, University of Oxford}}</ref> * 2022: ''Forbes'' "50 sama da 50" wanda aka girmama don yankin Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2022 |title=50 Over 50: EMEA 2022 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2022/01/18/50-over-50-emea-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805210728/http://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2022/01/18/50-over-50-emea-2022/ |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Forbes}}</ref> * 2022: Dokta mai daraja na Arts da Letters, Kwalejin Sarki ta London * 2022: Dokta mai daraja na Harafi, Jami'ar Sarauniya Maryamu ta London <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2022 |title=Bernardine Evaristo receives honorary Queen Mary degree |url=https://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/2022/pr/bernardine-evaristo-receives-honorary-queen-mary-degree.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004202307/https://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/2022/pr/bernardine-evaristo-receives-honorary-queen-mary-degree.html |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=Queen Mary University of London}}</ref> * 2022: Dokta mai daraja na Harafi, Jami'ar Glasgow Caledonian <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2022 |title=Honoraries implore graduates to savour the moment |url=https://www.gcu.ac.uk/aboutgcu/universitynews/honoraries-implore-graduates-to-savour-the-moment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824072045/https://www.gcu.ac.uk/aboutgcu/universitynews/honoraries-implore-graduates-to-savour-the-moment |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Glasgow Caledonian University}}</ref> * 2022: Dokta mai daraja na Harafi, Jami'ar Greenwich * 2022: Mai girmamawa, Goldsmiths, Jami'ar London 2022: Mai daraja Doctor of Arts, Jami'an Bankin Kudu na LondonJami'ar Bankin Kudancin London * 2022: Mai girmamawa, CILIP, The Library and Information Association * 2022: Sky Arts: Masu zane-zane 50 mafi tasiri na Burtaniya na shekaru 50 da suka gabata (No. 26) * 2022: Soho House Awards: Mawallafi * 2022: Mujallar Stylist Kyautar Mata Masu Kyau: Marubuciya ta Shekara * 2022: The UK Black Powerlist 100 (shekara ta biyu) * 2023: The UK Black Powerlist 100 (shekara ta 3) * 2023: Dokta mai daraja na Harafi, Jami'ar Exeter <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maddern |first=Kerra |date=14 July 2023 |title=Ukraine ambassador and acclaimed novelist Bernardine Evaristo to be honoured by the University of Exeter |url=https://news.exeter.ac.uk/alumni-news/ukraine-ambassador-and-acclaimed-novelist-bernardine-evaristo-to-be-honoured-by-the-university-of-exeter/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824064340/https://news.exeter.ac.uk/alumni-news/ukraine-ambassador-and-acclaimed-novelist-bernardine-evaristo-to-be-honoured-by-the-university-of-exeter/ |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=University of Exeter}}</ref> * 2023: Dokta mai daraja na Harafi, Jami'ar Sheffield <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2023 |title=Self Esteem singer Rebecca Lucy Taylor to be awarded honorary degree from University of Sheffield {{!}} Other graduands |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/self-esteem-singer-rebecca-lucy-taylor-be-awarded-honorary-degree-university-sheffield |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925161332/https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/self-esteem-singer-rebecca-lucy-taylor-be-awarded-honorary-degree-university-sheffield |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=University of Sheffield}}</ref> * 2023: Littafin Goodreads Top na shekaru goma da suka gabata (2013-2023) * 2023: Black Excellence Awards - Kyautattun Kyaututtuka ga Littattafai <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2023 |title=The London Chamber Black Excellence Awards 2023 {{!}} Outstanding Contribution to Literature |url=https://www.londonchamber.co.uk/business-groups/clubs-and-associations/lcci-black-business-association/london-chamber-black-excellence-awards-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111135857/https://www.londonchamber.co.uk/business-groups/clubs-and-associations/lcci-black-business-association/london-chamber-black-excellence-awards-2023/ |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=londonchamber.co.uk |publisher=London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI)}}</ref> * 2024: The UK Black Powerlist 100 (shekara ta 4) * 2024: [https://fairsaturday.org/en/fair-saturday-awards/ Kyautar Asabar mai kyau], Gidauniyar Asabar mai daraja, Bilbao, Spain * 2024: Kyautar Elit ta Praeses, Kwalejin Trinity Dublin, Ireland * 2025: Kyautar Kyautar Mata ta Kyauta, don yin bikin cika shekaru 30 na Kyautar Mata don Fiction <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2025 |title=Announcing the Recipient for the Women's Prize Outstanding Contribution Award |url=https://womensprize.com/announcing-the-recipient-for-the-womens-prize-outstanding-contribution-award/ |access-date=4 June 2025 |website=womensprize.com |publisher=The Women's Prize Trust}}</ref> * 2026: An zabe shi memba mai daraja na dindindin, National Liberal Club (est.1882) * 2026: An zabe shi Fellow, City Lit / City Literary Institute (est. 1919) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Malcomson CBE |first=Mark |date=26 January 2026 |title=2026 City Lit Fellows |url=https://www.citylit.ac.uk/blog/2026-city-lit-fellows |access-date=31 January 2026 |website=citylit.ac.uk |publisher=City Lit}}</ref> === ''Lara'' (1997) === * 1999: EMMA Mafi Kyawun Littafin don ''Lara'' <ref name="Encyclopedia"/> === The Emperor's Babe (2001) === * 2000: Kyautar Mawallafin Ingila ta Majalisar Ayyuka ta 2000, don The Emperor's Babe <ref name="Diaspora"/> * 2010: The Emperor's Babe, The Times (UK) "100 Mafi Kyawun Littattafai na Shekara Goma" === ''Tushen Gishiri'' (2008) === * 2009: Kyautar Arthur C. Clarke (wanda aka zaba) <ref name="Diaspora"/> * 2009: Babban Kyautar Red Read, Fiction da Gabaɗaya (mai nasara) * 2009: Kyautar Littattafan Dublin ta Duniya (wanda aka zaba) * 2009: Kyautar Orange don Fiction (wanda aka zaba) <ref name="Diaspora" /> * 2009: Kyautar Matasa ta Orange Prize * 2010: Hurston / Wright Legacy Award, Amurka (mai zuwa karshe) === ''Goma'' (2010) === * 2010: Kyautar Society Book don ''Goma'', tare da Daljit Nagra === ''Mista Loverman'' (2013) === * 2014: Jerwood Fiction Uncovered Prize (mai nasara) <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014-06-23 |title=Awards: Jerwood Fiction Uncovered |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=2280 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601051302/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=2280 |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2015: Kyautar Triangle Publishing: Kyautar Ferro-Grumley don Labarin LGBT, Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-04-24 |title=Awards: Triangle; Thwaites Wainwright; CrimeFest |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=2493 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719231717/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=2493 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> === ''Yarinya, Mace, Sauran'' (2019) === * 2019: Kyautar Zaɓin Goodread ta Kyau mafi Kyawu (mai zuwa karshe) <ref name="Goodreads Choice Award 2019">{{Cite web |title=2019 Goodreads Choice Award Best Fiction |url=https://www.goodreads.com/choiceawards/best-fiction-books-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229005146/https://www.goodreads.com/choiceawards/best-fiction-books-2019 |archive-date=29 December 2019 |access-date=2 June 2020 |website=Goodreads |publisher=Goodreads, Inc}}</ref> * 2019: Kyautar Gordon Burn (mai zuwa karshe) * 2019: Booker Prize (mai nasara) <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2019 |title=BBC apologises to Bernardine Evaristo for 'another author' ad lib |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-50658750 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004202306/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-50658750 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> * 2019: Shelf Awareness mafi kyawun fiction na 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-12-03 |title=Our Best Books of 2019 |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3632 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129084548/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3632 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2020: Kyautar Masana'antar Littattafan Australiya (wanda aka jera) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2020 |title=Announcing the ABIAs 2020 Longlist |url=https://abiawards.com.au/abias-2020-longlist/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028160636/https://abiawards.com.au/abias-2020-longlist/ |archive-date=28 October 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=ABIA Awards}}</ref> * 2020: Kyautar Littafin Burtaniya: Littafin Fiction na Shekara <ref name="BBA Penguin"/> * 2020: Kyautar Ferro-Grumley ta Amurka (mai zuwa karshe) * 2020: Kyautar Littafin Indie don Fiction <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Indie Book Awards 2020: winners announced |url=https://www.booksellers.org.uk/industryinfo/industryinfo/latestnews/Indie-Book-Awards-2020-winners-announced |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609143723/https://www.booksellers.org.uk/industryinfo/industryinfo/latestnews/Indie-Book-Awards-2020-winners-announced |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Booksellers Association}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-06-29 |title=Awards: Indie Book Winners |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3770 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128225747/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3770 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2020: Kyautar Millepages, Faransa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernardine Evaristo Wins Le Prix Millepages in France for Girl, Woman, Other |url=https://aitkenalexander.co.uk/bernardine-evaristo-wins-le-prix-millepages-in-france-for-girl-woman-other |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824073545/https://aitkenalexander.co.uk/bernardine-evaristo-wins-le-prix-millepages-in-france-for-girl-woman-other |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Aitken Alexander Associates}}</ref> * 2020: Lifetime Honorary Fellow, Kwalejin St Anne, [[Jami'ar Oxford]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2020 |title=Writer and Academic, Bernardine Evaristo, elected Honorary Fellow of St Anne's |url=https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/writer-and-academic-bernardine-evaristo-elected-honorary-fellow-of-st-annes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413144249/https://www.st-annes.ox.ac.uk/writer-and-academic-bernardine-evaristo-elected-honorary-fellow-of-st-annes/ |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=St Anne's College, University of Oxford}}</ref> * 2020: Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Royal Society of Literature * 2020: Kyautar Orwell (mai zuwa karshe) <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-05-22 |title=Awards: Orwell Shortlists |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3745 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422044550/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3745 |archive-date=22 April 2024 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2020: Kyautar Karatu ta Mata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reading Women Award {{!}} 2020 Winners |url=https://www.readingwomenpodcast.com/reading-women-award |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824072042/https://www.readingwomenpodcast.com/reading-women-award |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Reading Women Podcast}}</ref> * 2020: Kyautar Glass Bell (mai zuwa karshe) <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-05-12 |title=Awards: Goldsboro Books Glass Bell Shortlist |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3737 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127112527/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3737 |archive-date=27 January 2023 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2020: Kyautar Daraja ta hangen nesa (mai zuwa karshe) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arts |first=Visionary |date=19 February 2020 |title=Visionary Honours 2020 Shortlist Announcement |url=https://visionaryarts.org.uk/visionary-honours-2020-shortlist-announcement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113121957/https://visionaryarts.org.uk/visionary-honours-2020-shortlist-announcement/ |archive-date=13 November 2022 |access-date=13 November 2022 |website=Visionary Arts}}</ref> * 2020: Kyautar Mata don Fiction (mai zuwa karshe) <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-04-22 |title=Awards: Women's Fiction; Wolff Translators |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3723 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202104436/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3723 |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2021: Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Turai, Holland (mai zuwa karshe) * 2021: Kyautar 'Yanci na Borough, Royal Borough na Greenwich <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freedom of the Borough {{!}} People and organisations awarded the Freedom of the Royal Borough of Greenwich |url=https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/200164/about_the_royal_borough/320/freedom_of_the_borough |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160505/https://www.royalgreenwich.gov.uk/info/200164/about_the_royal_borough/320/freedom_of_the_borough |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=25 October 2021 |publisher=Royal Borough of Greenwich}}</ref> * 2021: Kyautar Littattafan Dublin ta Duniya (mai cin nasara) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Comerford |first=Ruth |date=25 March 2021 |title=Evaristo, Whitehead and Vuong shortlisted for 'Ǩ100,000 Dublin Literary Award |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/evaristo-whitehead-and-vuong-shortlisted-100000-dublin-literary-award-1250196 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104020739/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/evaristo-whitehead-and-vuong-shortlisted-100000-dublin-literary-award-1250196 |archive-date=4 November 2021 |access-date=11 November 2021 |website=The Bookseller}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-03-29 |title=Awards: Dublin Literary, Ben Franklin, Sheik Zayed Book Finalists |url=https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3952 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130083215/https://www.shelf-awareness.com/issue.html?issue=3952 |archive-date=30 January 2023 |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=[[Shelf Awareness]]}}</ref> * 2021: Nielsen Gold Bestseller Award * 2021: Mutum na Shekara - a matsayin mai girmamawa na 151 na The Bookseller's 150 Power List. * 2021: Kyautar Gregor von Rezzori (Italiya) (mai zuwa karshe) * 2021: Kyautar Lattes Grinzane (Italiya) (mai zuwa karshe) * 2022: Kyautar Empiku mafi kyawun kantin sayar da kayayyaki (Poland) (mai zuwa karshe) * 2022: Plebiscyt Ksiazka Roku 2021/ Literatura Piekna (Poland) (mai zuwa karshe) === Manifesto (2022) === * 2022: Littafin girmamawa na hangen nesa na Shekara 2021 (mai zuwa karshe) * 2023: Kyautar Littattafai ta Quebec, Kanada (mai zuwa karshe) * 2023: Grand Prix des Lecteurs, Faransa (mai zuwa karshe) * 2024: Kyautar Praeses Elit, Kwalejin Trinity Dublin == Darajar ilimi == * 2014: An nada shi mai magana da jama'a, Jami'ar Brunel ta London * 2015: Kyautar CBASS don Kyau, Jami'ar Brunel ta London * 2017: Kyautar Koyarwa ta Brunel, Jami'ar Brunel ta London * 2020: Kyautar Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata, Jami'ar Brunel ta London * 2022: CBASS Malami na Shekara, Jami'ar Brunel ta London <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2022 |title=Student Led Awards 2022 - Winners Announced |url=https://brunelstudents.com/news/article/6013/Student-Led-Awards-Winners-announced/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004161253/https://brunelstudents.com/news/article/6013/Student-Led-Awards-Winners-announced/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022 |publisher=Union of Brunel Students}}</ref> == Littattafai == * 1994: ''Tsibirin Ibrahim'' (waƙoƙi, Peepal Tree Press; ) {{ISBN|978-0948833601}} * 1997: ''Lara'' (littafi, Angela Royal Publishing; ) {{ISBN|9781899860456}} * 2001: The Emperor's Babe (littafin litattafai, Hamish Hamilton / Penguin; Penguin USA, 2002; ) {{ISBN|978-0140297812}} * 2005: ''Masu yawon bude ido na Soul'' (littafi, Hamish Hamilton/Penguin; ) {{ISBN|978-0140297829}} * 2008: Blonde Roots (littafi, Hamish Hamilton / Penguin; Riverhead / Penguing USA, 2009; ) {{ISBN|978-0141031521}} * 2009: ''Lara'' (sabon, fadada bugu, (Bloodaxe Books; ) {{ISBN|978-1852248314}} * 2010: Hello Mum (novella, Penguin UK; ) {{ISBN|978-0141044385}} * 2013: Mr Loverman (littafi, Penguin UK; Akashic Books; ) {{ISBN|978-1617752896}} * 2019: ''Yarinya, Mace, Sauran'' (littafi, Hamish Hamilton/Penguin; ) {{ISBN|978-0241364901}} * 2021: Manifesto: A kan Never Giving Up (memoir, Hamish Hamilton / Penguin; ) {{ISBN|978-0241534991}} * 2021: ''Mata'' (Dubi Har ila yau, Tate Galleries Publishing; ) {{ISBN|978-1849767163}} == Wasanni == * 1982: Motsawa ta hanyar, waka mai ban mamaki, Talking Black Festival, Royal Court Theatre Upstairs * 1982: Tiger Teeth Clenched Not to Bite, wani waka mai suna monologue. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mata baƙi, Melkweg, Amsterdam * 1983: Silhouette, wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji. Yawon shakatawa na Black Women. Mawallafi: Patricia St. Hilaire <ref>{{Cite web |title=Silhouette {{!}} BPA |url=https://www.blackplaysarchive.org.uk/explore/productions/silhouette |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=www.blackplaysarchive.org.uk}}</ref> * 1984: ''Pyeyucca'', wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji. Yawon shakatawa na Black Women. Ƙarin kayan: Patricia St. Hilaire <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hilaire; Patricia St. {{!}} BPA |url=https://www.blackplaysarchive.org.uk/explore/playwrights/hilaire-patricia-st |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804163503/https://www.blackplaysarchive.org.uk/explore/playwrights/hilaire-patricia-st |archive-date=4 August 2020 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=www.blackplaysarchive.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre of Black Women's Pyeyucca, featured in Outwrite newspaper (December, 1984) |url=https://www.unfinishedhistories.com/history/companies/theatre-of-black-women/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830003201/https://www.unfinishedhistories.com/history/companies/theatre-of-black-women/ |archive-date=30 August 2019 |access-date=2020-12-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2002: Medea - Taswirar Edge . Wasan kwaikwayo na aya. Kamfanin Wilson Wilson a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sheffield Crucible da BBC Radio Drama <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilson and Wilson – makers of site-specific theatre, installation and art. |url=http://www.wilsonandwilson.org.uk/default.asp-sectionIdentifier%3D200541_27726382%26pageIdentifier%3D2005314_812929.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924101606/http://www.wilsonandwilson.org.uk/default.asp-sectionIdentifier%3D200541_27726382%26pageIdentifier%3D2005314_812929.html |archive-date=24 September 2020 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Wilson and Wilson}}</ref> * 2003: ''Madame Bitterfly da Stockwell Diva'' . Wasan kwaikwayo na aya. Wasan Jumma'a, BBC Radio 4, tare da Rudolph Walker, Clare Perkins, Dona Croll * 2020: Na farko, Do No Harm, wani waka mai suna, Old Vic Theatre online, wanda Adrian Lester ya jagoranta kuma Lolita Chakrabarti ta samar da shi, tare da Sharon D. Clarke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Greatest Wealth 2020: First, Do No Harm |url=https://www.oldvictheatre.com/whats-on/2020/your-old-vic/the-greatest-wealth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128191749/https://www.oldvictheatre.com/whats-on/2020/your-old-vic/the-greatest-wealth |archive-date=28 November 2020 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=The Old Vic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Greatest Wealth {{!}} 2020s: First, Do No Harm - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKGHWwOp5qk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222060809/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKGHWwOp5qk |archive-date=22 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> == Takaitaccen labari (zaɓaɓɓen) == * 1994: "Haruffa daga London" a cikin ''Miscegenation Blues: muryoyin mata masu launin fata'', wanda Carol Camper (Sister Vision Press) ya shirya <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2011 |title=Miscegenation Blues: Voices of Mixed Race Women » Carol Camper |url=http://www.mixedracestudies.org/?tag=carol-camper |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022091321/http://www.mixedracestudies.org/?tag=carol-camper |archive-date=22 October 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Mixed Race Studies}}</ref> * 2005: ''A saman Duniya'' (BBC Radio 4) * 2006: "Ohtakemehomelord.com" a cikin ƙarin ɗan gajeren labari na shekara-shekara na ''[[The Guardian]]'' (Yuli) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=2005-06-24 |title=Short story: ohtakemehomelord.com by Bernardine Evaristo |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/jun/25/originalwriting.fiction2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907103226/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/jun/25/originalwriting.fiction2 |archive-date=7 September 2022 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> * 2008: "A Matter of Timing", ''The Guardian'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=2008-10-20 |title=Short story: A Matter of Timing by Bernardine Evaristo |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/oct/17/bernadine-evaristo-short-story-china |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217092306/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/oct/17/bernadine-evaristo-short-story-china |archive-date=17 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> * 2010: "A saman Duniya", The Mechanics Institute Review, Fitowa 7 (Birkbeck, Jami'ar London) <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIR Online – Read Write React |url=http://mironline.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130104827/http://mironline.org/ |archive-date=30 November 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mechanics Institute Review Issue 7 |url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/32679068-mechanics-institute-review-issue-7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424134500/https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20485362-mechanics-institute-review-issue-7 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Goodreads}}</ref> * 2011: "Ina tsammanin Ina tafiya Slightly Mad" a cikin One for the Trouble, The Book Slam Annual, wanda Patrick Neate (Book Slam Productions) ya shirya <ref>{{Cite web |title=One For The Trouble by Book Slam Production Ltd, Helen Oyeyemi {{!}} Waterstones |url=https://www.waterstones.com/book/one-for-the-trouble/book-slam-production-ltd/helen-oyeyemi/9781908615008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424200640/https://www.waterstones.com/book/one-for-the-trouble/book-slam-production-ltd/helen-oyeyemi/9781908615008 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=www.waterstones.com |language=en}}</ref> * 2014: "Billymu, (ko ya kamata ya zama Betty?) " a cikin ''Wasika ga Soja da ba a sani ba'', 14-18 NOW UK WW1 Centenary Art Commissions (William Collins / HarperCollins) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Letter to an Unknown Soldier |url=https://www.1418now.org.uk/letter/new-read/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121195611/https://www.1418now.org.uk/letter/new-read/ |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Letter to an Unknown Soldier |publisher=14–18 NOW |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2015: "Yoruba Man Walking" a cikin Closure: sabon tarihin tarihin baƙar fata na zamani na Burtaniya, wanda Jacob Ross (Peepal Tree Press) ya shirya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Closure |url=https://www.peepaltreepress.com/books/closure |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216113726/https://www.peepaltreepress.com/books/closure |archive-date=16 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Peepal Tree Press}}</ref> * 2016: "Duniya ta Dan Adam" a cikin How Much the Heart Can Hold, wanda Emma Herdman (Hodder & Stoughton) ta shirya * 2020: "Star of the Season", British Vogue <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=All The Highlights From Vogue Talks With Bernardine Evaristo |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/celebrity-photos/gallery/vogue-talks-bernardine-evaristo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128062220/https://www.vogue.co.uk/celebrity-photos/gallery/vogue-talks-bernardine-evaristo |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2020: "The White Man's Liberation Front", New Statesman == Rubuce-rubuce == * 1992: "Black Theatre", ''Artrage'' (Winter/Spring) <ref name="Artrage" /> * 1993: "Black Women in Theatre", ''Wasanni shida na Black da Asian Women Writers'', wanda Kadjia George (Aurora Metro Press) ya shirya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Six Plays by Black and Asian Women Writers |url=https://www.aurorametro.com/product/six-plays-by-black-and-asian-women-writers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026120316/https://www.aurorametro.com/product/six-plays-by-black-and-asian-women-writers/ |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Aurora Metro Books |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 1996: "Going it Alone" - mutum daya ya nuna a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya, ''Artrage'' <ref name="Artrage">{{Cite web |title='Artrage – Inter-cultural arts magazine' |url=https://mrc-catalogue.warwick.ac.uk/records/MAA/1/4/2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101234045/https://mrc-catalogue.warwick.ac.uk/records/MAA/1/4/2 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=mrc-catalogue.warwick.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> * 1998: "On Staying Power" na Peter Fryer don BBC Windrush Education * 2001: "Roaring Zora" a kan rayuwar da rubuce-rubucen [[Zora Neale Hurston]], ''Marie Claire'' * 2005: "An gabatar da Waƙoƙin Burtaniya na zamani", Mujallar Littattafan Majalisar Burtaniya * 2005: "Matsayin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa: Rubuta Black a Burtaniya", a cikin Rubuta Duniya (Sabon Rubuta / Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia) * 2005: "Tushen", Crossing Borders, Majalisar Burtaniya a kan layi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Crossing Borders |url=http://www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116121159/http://www.transculturalwriting.com/radiophonics/index.html |archive-date=16 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Transcultural writing}}</ref> * 2005: "Hanyar da ba a yi tafiya ba", Necessary Journeys, wanda Melanie Keen da Eileen Daley suka shirya, Arts Council EnglandMajalisar Fasaha ta Ingila * 2007: "Rubuta da suka gabata: Hadisai, Gādon, Bincike" a cikin Rubuta Duniya 1: Kasuwancin Norwich (Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia / Pen & Inc Press) * 2008: "CSI Turai: Abubuwan Alamar Afirka. Fragments. sake ginawa. Tarihin shari'a. Dalili. Mutum", ''Wasafiri'' (Taylor & Francis) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=2008-12-01 |title=CSI Europe |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02690050802407722 |url-status=live |journal=Wasafiri |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=2–7 |doi=10.1080/02690050802407722 |issn=0269-0055 |s2cid=163408035 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424134504/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02690050802407722 |archive-date=24 April 2024 |access-date=23 December 2020}}</ref> * 2009: Rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa, ''Marubutan zamani'', Vol. 275 (Gale Publishing, Amurka) * 2009: Rubuce-rubucen tarihin rayuwa, "Gidan Uba" (Five Dials) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=2017-03-07 |title=My Father's House – Bernardine Evaristo |url=https://fivedials.com/reportage/my-fathers-house-bernardine-evaristo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125085109/https://fivedials.com/reportage/my-fathers-house-bernardine-evaristo/ |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Five Dials |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2010: Gabatarwa ga litattafan waka ''Goma'', "Me ya sa wannan, Me ya sa Yanzu?", game da buƙatar The Complete Works don rarraba wallafe-wallafen waka na Burtaniya (Bloodaxe Books) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ten: new poets from Spread the Word {{!}} Bloodaxe Books |url=https://www.bloodaxebooks.com/ecs/product/ten-new-poets-from-spread-the-word-974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123162927/https://www.bloodaxebooks.com/ecs/product/ten-new-poets-from-spread-the-word-974 |archive-date=23 November 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Bloodaxe Books}}</ref> * 2010: Gabatarwa ga Wasafiri Black Britain: Bayan Ma'anar, "The Illusion of Inclusion", Fitowa ta 64, Winter 2010 (Routledge) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wasafiri Issue 64 |url=https://www.wasafiri.org/product/wasafiri-issue-64/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203130623/https://www.wasafiri.org/product/wasafiri-issue-64/ |archive-date=3 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Wasafiri Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="The Illusion of Inclusion">{{Cite magazine|url-status=1–6}}</ref> * 2010: "Watan Satumba", a kan rubuce-rubuce da tsari, Volume 100:4, Winter 2010 Poetry Review <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Poet's Progress – Volume 100, No 4, Winter 2010, Poetry Review |url=https://poetrysociety.org.uk/publications/the-poets-progress-volume-100-no-4-winter-2010-poetry-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022214129/https://poetrysociety.org.uk/publications/the-poets-progress-volume-100-no-4-winter-2010-poetry-review/ |archive-date=22 October 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=The Poetry Society}}</ref> * 2011: "Myth, Motivation, Magic & Mechanics", Jiki na Aiki: Shekaru 40 na Rubuce-rubuce a UEA (Jami'ar Gabashin Anglia), wanda Giles Foden (Full Circle Editions) ya shirya * 2013: ''Littafin da ya canza ni'' Series: Rubuce-rubuce a kan 'yan mata masu launin fata waɗanda suka yi la'akari da kashe kansu lokacin da bakan gizo ya yi amfani da Ntozake Shange (BBC Radio 3) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Book that Changed Me |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zdh88 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101234042/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00zdh88 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=BBC Radio 3}}</ref> * 2016: "The Privilege of Being a Mixed Race Woman", Tangled Roots: Real Life Stories from Mixed Race Britain, Anthology Number 2, edited by Katy Massey (Tangled Roots) * 2019: "Yaya Lokaci ne na zama (Black) (Birtaniya) (Womxn) Marubuci", a cikin Brave New Words, wanda Susheila Nasta (Myriad Editions) ya shirya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brave New Words |url=https://myriadeditions.com/creator/susheila-nasta/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119143218/https://myriadeditions.com/creator/susheila-nasta/ |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Myriad Editions}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Busby |first=Margaret |date=December 2021 |title=Mainstreaming and greater choice of books |url=https://writersmosaic.org.uk/content/mainstreaming-and-greater-choice-of-books-margaret-busby/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907082328/https://writersmosaic.org.uk/content/mainstreaming-and-greater-choice-of-books-margaret-busby/ |archive-date=7 September 2022 |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Writers Mosaic}}</ref> * 2020: "Claiming Whiteness", Mujallar House, na (Houses of Parliament) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=2020-10-16 |title=Why we need to embrace the concept of Whiteness |url=https://www.politicshome.com/thehouse/article/why-we-need-to-embrace-the-concept-of-whiteness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204173919/https://www.politicshome.com/thehouse/article/why-we-need-to-embrace-the-concept-of-whiteness |archive-date=4 December 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Politics Home |language=en}}</ref> * 2020: Gabatarwa ga Bedside Guardian, tarihin shekara-shekara na Guardian * 2020: Gabatarwa: "Re:Tunanin: 'Diversity' a cikin Buga", na Dokta Anamik Saha da Dokta Sandra van Lente (Jami'ar Goldsmiths / Newgen Publishing UK) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Saha |first=Anamik |last2=Sandra van Lente |title=Re:Thinking: Diversity in Publishing |url=https://www.spreadtheword.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rethinking_diversity_in-publishing_WEB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203151643/https://www.spreadtheword.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Rethinking_diversity_in-publishing_WEB.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2021 |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=Spread the Word}}</ref> * 2020: "Jima'i a cikin Blender", don A Point of View, BBC Radio 4 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=9 August 2020 |title=Gender in the Blender |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000lh74 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208153623/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000lh74 |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020 |website=A Point of View |publisher=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> * 2020: Gabatarwa ga Loud Black Girls, wanda Yomi Adegoke da Elizabeth Uviebinené (HarperCollins) suka shirya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loud Black Girls: 20 Black Women Writers Ask: What's Next? |url=https://www.harpercollins.com/products/loud-black-girls-20-black-women-writers-ask-whats-next-yomi-adegokeelizabeth-uviebinen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115225742/https://www.harpercollins.com/products/loud-black-girls-20-black-women-writers-ask-whats-next-yomi-adegokeelizabeth-uviebinen |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=HarperCollins |language=en}}</ref> * 2020: "Literature Can Foster Our Shared Humanity", British Vogue, 6 Yuni 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=6 June 2020 |title='Literature Can Foster And Express Our Shared Humanity': Bernardine Evaristo On The Importance Of Inclusive Publishing |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/bernardine-evaristo-publishing-diversity |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115201315/https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/bernardine-evaristo-publishing-diversity |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=British Vogue |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2020: "Loving the Body Fat-tastic", don A Point of View, BBC Radio 4 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=29 November 2020 |title=Loving the Body Fat-tastic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000ptc9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129174635/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000ptc9 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020 |website=A Point of View |publisher=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> * 2020: "A kan Mrs Dalloway", BBC Radio 4 * 2020: "Spiritical Pick and Mix", don A Point of View, BBC Radio 4 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=27 December 2020 |title=Spiritual Pick and Mix |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000qjg0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224080027/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000qjg0 |archive-date=24 December 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020 |website=A Point of View |publisher=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> * 2020: "The Longform Patriarchs and Su Accomplices", New Statesman <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=1 October 2020 |title=The longform patriarchs, and their accomplices |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2020/10/bernardine-evaristo-goldsmiths-lecture-longform-patriarchs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004084706/https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2020/10/bernardine-evaristo-goldsmiths-lecture-longform-patriarchs |archive-date=4 October 2020 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=New Statesman |language=en}}</ref> * 2020: "The Pro-Mask Movement", don A Point of View, BBC Radio 4 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=2 October 2020 |title=The Pro-Mask Movement |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/search?q=the+pro+mask+movement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101234042/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/search?q=the+pro+mask+movement |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2020 |website=A Point of View |publisher=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> * 2020: "Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Black Women: Asusun Mutum", a cikin ''Littafin Palgrave na Tarihin Mata a kan Mataki,'' wanda Jan Sewell da Clare Smout (Palgrave Macmillan) suka shirya * 2020: "Me ya sa Black Lives Matter", don A Point of View, BBC Radio 4 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evaristo |first=Bernardine |date=5 July 2020 |title=Why Black Lives Matter |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000khls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005023523/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000khls |archive-date=5 October 2020 |access-date=24 December 2020 |website=A Point of View |publisher=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> * 2021: Gabatarwa ga ''ƙaunatacce'' [[Toni Morrison]] (Vintage) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beloved by Toni Morrison {{!}} Waterstones |url=https://www.waterstones.com/book/beloved/toni-morrison//9781784876432 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506204041/https://www.waterstones.com/book/beloved/toni-morrison//9781784876432 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Waterstones |language=en}}</ref> * 2021: Gabatarwa ga Bernard da Cloth Monkey ta Judith Bryan (1998), jerin "Black Britain: Writing Back" (Hamish Hamilton / Penguin sake fitowa) * 2021: Gabatarwa ga ''Malamin Baƙar fata'' ta Beryl Gilroy (Faber da Faber) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Teacher by Beryl Gilroy {{!}} Waterstones |url=https://www.waterstones.com/book/black-teacher/beryl-gilroy/9780571367733 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101235545/https://www.waterstones.com/book/black-teacher/beryl-gilroy/9780571367733 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2020-12-23 |website=Waterstones |language=en}}</ref> * 2021: Gabatarwa ga 'yan mata masu launin fata waɗanda suka yi la'akari da kashe kansu / Lokacin da bakan gizo ya cika ta Ntozake Shange (Orion) * 2021: Gabatarwa ga Incomparable World by S. I. Martin (1996), "Black Britain: Writing Back" jerin (Hamish Hamilton / Penguin reissue) * 2021: Gabatarwa ga ''Minty Alley'' ta [[C. L. R. James]] (1936), jerin "Black Britain: Writing Back" (Hamish Hamilton / Penguin sake fitowa) * 2021: Gabatarwa ga The Dancing Face by Mike Phillips (1997), "Black Britain: Writing Back" jerin (Hamish Hamilton / sake fitowa) * 2021: Gabatarwa ga Fat Lady Sings by Jacqueline Roy (2000), "Black Britain: Writing Back" jerin (Hamish Hamilton / Penguin sake fitowa) * 2021: Gabatarwa ga ''Ba tare da nuna bambanci ba'' ta Nicola Williams (1997), jerin "Black Britain: Writing Back" (Hamish Hamilton / sake fitar da Penguin) * 2022: "The Artistic Triumph of Elder Black Women", ''The Guardian'' == Edita == * 1987: Edita, tare da Da Choong, Olivette Cole-Wilson, da Gabriela Pearse, Black Women Talk Poetry anthology <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Women Talk Poetry |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9781870400008/Black-Women-Talk-Poetry-Choong-1870400003/plp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101234048/https://www.abebooks.co.uk/9781870400008/Black-Women-Talk-Poetry-Choong-1870400003/plp |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=AbeBooks |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 1996-1997: Edita, FrontSeat mujallar wasan kwaikwayo ta al'adu (Black Theatre Forum) * 1998-2008: Mataimakin edita, mujallar wallafe-wallafen kasa da kasa ta ''Wasafiri'' (Jami'ar Sarauniya Mary ta London da Jami'ar Open) <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2010 |title=Among the Contributors |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02690055.2010.516085?journalCode=rwas20 |url-status=live |journal=Wasafiri |publisher=Taylor & Francis Online |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=103–105 |doi=10.1080/02690055.2010.516085 |s2cid=219610268 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004171813/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02690055.2010.516085?journalCode=rwas20 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> * 2007: Edita, tare da Maggie Gee, NW15: Sabon Rubuce-rubuce, 15th shekara-shekara edition (British Council da ''Granta'') <ref>{{Cite web |title=NW15: The Anthology of New Writing: v. 15 - Maggie Gee; Bernardine Evaristo; {{!}} Foyles Bookstore |url=https://www.foyles.co.uk/witem/fiction-poetry/nw15-the-anthology-of-new-writing,maggie-gee-bernardine-evaristo-9781862079328 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028124115/https://www.foyles.co.uk/witem/fiction-poetry/nw15-the-anthology-of-new-writing,maggie-gee-bernardine-evaristo-9781862079328 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Foyles |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NW15: v. 15 by Maggie Gee, Bernardine Evaristo {{!}} Waterstones |url=https://www.waterstones.com/book/nw15-v-15/maggie-gee/bernardine-evaristo/9781862079328 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101234042/https://www.waterstones.com/book/nw15-v-15/maggie-gee/bernardine-evaristo/9781862079328 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Waterstones |language=en}}</ref> * 2010: Edita, tare da Daljit Nagra, ''Goma: Sabbin Waƙoƙi'', gabatar da sabbin mawaƙa goma daga aikin Complete Works (Bloodaxe Books) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ten: new poets from Spread the Word {{!}} Bloodaxe Books |url=https://www.bloodaxebooks.com/ecs/product/ten-new-poets-from-spread-the-word-974 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123162927/https://www.bloodaxebooks.com/ecs/product/ten-new-poets-from-spread-the-word-974 |archive-date=23 November 2020 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Bloodaxe Books}}</ref> * 2010: Editan baƙo, tare da Karen McCarthy Woolf, ''Wasafiri'', Black Britain: Beyond Definition, Special Winter Issue (Routledge) <ref name="Bernardine Evaristo">{{Cite web |title=Bernardine Evaristo |url=https://www.wasafiri.org/person/bernardine-evaristo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022234346/https://www.wasafiri.org/person/bernardine-evaristo/ |archive-date=22 October 2021 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Wasafiri Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernardine Evaristo |url=https://www.peepaltreepress.com/authors/bernardine-evaristo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313195936/https://www.peepaltreepress.com/authors/bernardine-evaristo |archive-date=13 March 2023 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Peepal Tree Press}}</ref> * 2012: Editan Baƙo, ''Binciken Waƙoƙi'', Ƙarƙashin Sauye-sauye don Ƙungiyar Waƙoƙi ta Burtaniya, Musamman Centenary Winter Issue, Volume 102.4 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Offending Frequencies – Volume 102, No 4, Winter 2012 – The Poetry Society |url=https://poetrysociety.org.uk/publications/offending-frequencies-volume-102-no-4-winter-2012-poetry-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119124426/https://poetrysociety.org.uk/publications/offending-frequencies-volume-102-no-4-winter-2012-poetry-review/ |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=The Poetry Society}}</ref> * 2014: Editorial Selector, Commonwealth Writers Short Story Prize anthology, Bari mu gaya wa wannan labarin da kyau, edited by [[Ellah Wakatama Allfrey|Ellah Allfrey]] (Dundern Press, Canada) * 2014: Editan baƙo, mujallar ''Mslexia'' ta kwata-kwata na rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro, Fitowa Lamba 63 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Issue 63 |url=https://mslexia.co.uk/products/single-issues/print-issues/issue-63/ |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Mslexia |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 2014-2020, Mai farawa da kuma mai kula da edita na tarihin ɗalibai na shekara-shekara a Jami'ar Brunel London: The Voices Inside Our Heads, The Psyche Supermarket, The Imagination Project, ''Yana da rikitarwa'', ''Totem'', ''Pendulum'' da Wasika ga Matata 2019, Kintsugi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brunel Writer |date=2016-03-03 |title=The Imagination Project |url=https://brunelwriter.com/2016/03/03/the-imagination-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115033246/https://brunelwriter.com/2016/03/03/the-imagination-project/ |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=2020-12-22 |website=Brunel Writer |language=en}}</ref> * 2014-ya fara. Editorial Board, Asusun Littafin Waƙoƙi na Afirka, tare da mujallar waƙoƙin Prairie Schooner a Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2013 |title=Prairie Schooner Announces Winner of the Sillerman First Book Prize for African Poets |url=https://prairieschooner.unl.edu/digital-schooner/prairie-schooner-announces-winner-sillerman-first-book-prize-african-poets/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806004539/https://prairieschooner.unl.edu/news/prairie-schooner-announces-winner-sillerman-first-book-prize-african-poets |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=20 February 2026 |website=Prairie Schooner}}</ref> * 2020: Editan baƙo, mujallar The Sunday Times Style == Masu ba da lambar yabo ta wallafe-wallafen == * 1997: Kyautar Ian St. James (Fiction) <ref name="Literary prize juries">{{Cite web |title=Literary prize juries |url=https://bevaristo.com/literary-prize-juries/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419154428/https://bevaristo.com/literary-prize-juries/ |archive-date=19 April 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=Bernardine Evaristo website}}</ref> * 2004: The Next Generation Top 20 List, wanda kungiyar Poetry Book Society (PBS) da Poetry Society suka shirya * 2006: Gasar Waƙoƙi ta Kasa <ref name="Literary prize juries" /> * 2007: Kyautar Marubutan Arewacin Rock (Fiction & Poetry) <ref name="Literary prize juries" /> * 2008: Kyautar Decibel Penguin (Fiction) <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2008 |title=decibel Penguin Prize 2008 seeks true stories on the experience of having a mixed heritage |url=https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/wg-news-1.nsf/lfi/DNWA-7BRFSZ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127153615/https://www.wired-gov.net/wg/wg-news-1.nsf/lfi/DNWA-7BRFSZ |archive-date=27 November 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=Wired Gov – Arts Council England}}</ref> * 2009: Kyautar Marubutan Musulmai tare da Masu Bugawa na Penguin (Fiction) * 2010: Kyautar Alfred Fagon - (Black plays) * 2010: Kyautar Orange don Sabbin Marubutan (Fassarar Mata) * 2010: Kyautar T. S. Eliot (Waƙoƙi) * 2011: Kyautar Waƙoƙin Peacock (Brighton Festival) * 2012: Shugaban: Kyautar Caine don Rubuce-rubucen Afirka * 2012: Shugaban: Kyautar Takaitaccen Labari ta Commonwealth * 2012: Wanda ya kafa & Shugaban Jami'ar Brunel Kyautar Waƙoƙin AfirkaKyautar Waƙoƙin Afirka ta Jami'ar Brunel * 2012: Gasar ''Labaran Waƙoƙi'' ta Ƙungiyar Waƙoƙoƙi * 2013: Shugaban: Kyautar Brunel ta Duniya ta Afirka * 2013: Kyautar Baobab ta Zinariya, Ghana (gajerun labarai ga yara na Afirka) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Baobab Prize Judges |url=https://www.goldenbaobab.org/prizes/judges |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=Golden Baobab |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112231430/https://www.goldenbaobab.org/prizes/judges |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2013: Kyautar Littafin Sillerman na Farko ga Mawallafin Afirka (Amurka) * 2014: Shugaban: Kyautar Brunel ta Duniya ta Afirka * 2014: Kyautar OCM Bocas don wallafe-wallafen Caribbean, Waƙoƙi (Trinidad) * 2014: Kyautar Littafin Sillerman na Farko ga Mawallafin Afirka, Amurka * 2015: Shugaban: Kyautar Brunel ta Duniya ta Afirka * 2015: Kyautar Costa Book Mafi Kyawun Labari & Costa Book of the Year * 2015: Gasar Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa ta Tarihi ta Farko * 2015: Kyautar Littafin Farko ta Prairie Schooner (Amurka) * 2016: Shugaban: Kyautar Brunel ta Duniya ta Afirka * 2016: Kyautar Goldsmiths don sabon labari * 2016: Guardian da 4th Estate BAME Short Story Prize * 2016: Kyautar Littafin Sillerman na Farko ga Mawallafin Afirka (Amurka) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |author-link=James Murua |date=6 November 2015 |title=Sillerman First Book Prize 2016 open for writers |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/sillerman-first-book-prize-2016-open-for-writers/ |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Writing Africa}}</ref> * 2017: Shugaban: Brunel International African Poetry PrizeKyautar Brunel ta Duniya ta Waƙoƙin Afirka * 2018: Sabbin Fellows 40 a karkashin 40 Royal Society of Literature * 2018: Shugaban: Brunel International African Poetry PrizeKyautar Brunel ta Duniya ta Waƙoƙin Afirka * 2018: Kyautar Marubutan Geneva * 2018: Gasar Rubuce-rubuce ta ''Mujallar Isis'', [[Jami'ar Oxford]] * 2018: Gasar Sarauniya ta Commonwealth * 2019: Anthony Burgess / Kyautar Jaridar mai lura don Jarida ta Arts * 2019: Kyautar Glenna Luschei don Waƙoƙin Afirka <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obi-Young |first=Otosirieze |author-link=Otosirieze Obi-Young |date=2 June 2019 |title=Koleka Putuma's Collective Amnesia Wins the Glenna Luschei Prize for African Poetry, Nick Makoha & Dami Ajayi Shortlisted |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2019/06/koleka-putumas-collective-amnesia-wins-2018-19-glenna-luschei-prize-for-african-poetry-nick-makoha-dami-ajayi-shortlisted/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226031258/https://brittlepaper.com/2019/06/koleka-putumas-collective-amnesia-wins-2018-19-glenna-luschei-prize-for-african-poetry-nick-makoha-dami-ajayi-shortlisted/ |archive-date=26 February 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021 |website=Brittle Paper}}</ref> * 2019: Kyautar Takaitaccen Labarin <nowiki><i id="mwCBg">Harper's</i></nowiki> <ref name="Literary prize juries" /> * 2019: Kyautar Littafin Polari don fiction LGBTQ+ <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=News and events {{!}} Poet wins inaugural Polari Prize for best LGBT writing |url=https://www.mmu.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/story/poet-wins-inaugural-polari-prize-best-lgbt-writing |access-date=6 November 2024 |publisher=[[Manchester Metropolitan University]]}}</ref> * 2021: Shugaban, Kyautar Mata don Fiction * 2021: Gasar Jarida ta Sunday Times <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2020 |title=Enter the Style X Black Writers' Guild Essay Competition |url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/article/enter-the-style-x-black-writers-guild-essay-competition-m7v2t3nkh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127020608/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/enter-the-style-x-black-writers-guild-essay-competition-m7v2t3nkh |archive-date=27 January 2021 |access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref> * 2023 Shugaban, Kyautar OCM Bocas don Littattafan Caribbean, Mafi Kyawun Littafin <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=T&T's Ayanna Lloyd Banwo wins OCM Bocas Prize |url=https://www.bocaslitfest.com/2023/04/29/tts-ayanna-lloyd-banwo-wins-ocm-bocas-prize/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |publisher=Bocas Lit Fest}}</ref>&nbsp; * 2023 Chair, Forward Prize Mafi Kyawun Tarin & Mafi Kyawun Farko&nbsp; * 2024 Chair, Nero Gold Prize for Book of the Year <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rufo |first=Yasmin |last2=Charlotte Gallagher |date=14 March 2024 |title=Paul Murray's The Bee Sting wins inaugural Nero Gold Prize book award |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-68563918 |access-date=6 November 2024 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>&nbsp; * 2024 Chair, Global Black Women's Non-Fiction Prize, Cassava Republic Press <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Kuhelika |date=4 December 2023 |title=Bernardine Evaristo is Judging Cassava Republic's First Nonfiction Manuscript Prize |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/12/bernardine-evaristo-is-judging-cassava-republics-first-nonfiction-manuscript-prize/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |website=Brittle Paper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Black Women's Non-Fiction Prize |url=https://cassavarepublic.biz/black-womens-non-fiction-manuscript-prize/ |access-date=6 November 2024 |publisher=Cassava Republic}}</ref>&nbsp; == Shawarwarin sa kai == * Kwamitin daraktoci, Kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Black Mime, 1990s * Kwamitin ba da shawara: Wasafiri Literature Magazine, 2000- * Babban Majalisar: The Poetry Society of Great Britain, 2001-2004 * Mai ba da shawara na musamman game da wallafe-wallafen: London Arts Board, 2001-2005 * Shugaban: The Poetry Society of Great Britain, 2003-2004 * Mai ba da shawara kan wallafe-wallafen: Majalisar Burtaniya, 2003-2006 * Kwamitin Ba da Shawara: Sabon Galleries, Gidan Tarihi na London, 2004-2008 * Kwamitin Ba da Shawara: MA Creative Writing, Jami'ar Birni, 2004-2009 * Wanda ya kafa: Free Verse & The Complete Works tsare-tsaren, 2005-2017 * Kwamitin Gudanar da Society of Authors, 2008-2009 * Patron: Westminster Befriend a Family (WBAF), 2009-2011 * Kwamitin Edita: Jerin Littattafan Waƙoƙin Afirka, APBF, Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln, 2012- * Patron: SI Leeds Literary Prize ga marubuta mata baƙar fata / Asiya da ba a buga ba, 2012- * Kyautar Folio, memba na Kwalejin, 2013- * Majalisar Fasaha ta Ingila, memba na Majalisar Yankin Kudu maso Gabas, 2014-2015 * Hukumar Tabbatar da Inganci don Ilimi Mafi Girma Kwamitin Rubuce-rubuce, 2014-2015 * An zabe shi zuwa Majalisar, Royal Society of Literature, 2016- * Mataimakin Shugaban kasa, Royal Society of Literature, 2017-2020 <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Callaghan |first=Morgan |date=2021-11-30 |title=Bernardine Evaristo Announced as New President of the RSL - Royal Society of Literature |url=https://rsliterature.org/bernardine-evaristo-announced-as-new-president-of-the-rsl/,%20https://rsliterature.org/bernardine-evaristo-announced-as-new-president-of-the-rsl/ |access-date=2025-11-30 |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Shugaba, Royal Society of Literature, 2021-2025 <ref name=":3" /> == Bayani == {{Notelist}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.bevaristo.com Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071003023003/http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth179 "Bernardine Evaristo"], Marubutan zamani, Majalisar Burtaniya. * Bernardine Evaristo a Diaspora Writers UK . * Toh Hsien Min, "Kada ku manta da Tushen - Bernardine Evaristo yana amfani da tarihi" (tambaya), Quarterly Literary Review Singapore, Vol. 3, No. 2, Janairu 2004. * Ginette Curry, "Toubab La!": Bayanan wallafe-wallafen Halitta a cikin Afirka Diaspora, Newcastle, Ingila: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. * Rosanna Greenstreet, "Bernardine Evaristo: 'Yaya sau da yawa nake yin jima'i? Sau takwas a rana'", The Q&A, ''The Guardian'', 25 ga Yuli 2020. * Benjamin Law, "Mai cin nasara na Booker Bernardine Evaristo a kan al'umma inda muka ce, 'Ina da kyau ga shekaruna'", The Sydney Morning Herald, 29 ga Oktoba 2021. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 85224vs7nqi6u28l33ttadut70njdxl 0 145057 839270 808600 2026-05-23T08:12:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bolaji Olaitan Agbede''' ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar banki ce kuma babbar jami'a a Najeriya, wacce ita ce mukaddashin darakta kuma babbar jami'ar gudanarwa ta ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyan Bankuna na Access|Access Holdings]] tun daga ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2024, bayan rasuwar Herbert Wigwe . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Access Holdings Names Bolaji Agbede As Acting CEO |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/access-holdings-names-bolaji-agbede-as-acting-ceo/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Nigeria's Access Bank appoints Bolaji Agbede after death of CEO |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/02/13/nigerias-access-bank-appoints-bolaji-agbede-after-death-of-ceo// |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Africanews.com |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627135703/https://www.africanews.com/2024/02/13/nigerias-access-bank-appoints-bolaji-agbede-after-death-of-ceo// |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka naɗa ta a matsayin mukaddashin shugaba, Ita ce babbar darakta mafi girma a kamfanin, mai alhakin tallafawa kasuwanci. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |date=February 2024 |title=10 Things To Know About Ms. Bolaji Agbede, Herbert Wigwe's Successor At Access Holdings |url=https://leadership.ng/10-things-to-know-about-ms-bolaji-agbede-herbert-wigwes-successor-at-access-holdings/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Nigeria]]}}</ref> == Bayani da ilimi == Ita 'yar Najeriya ce. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a [[Lissafi|fannin lissafi]] da kididdiga a shekarar 1990 daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga [[Jami'ar Cranfield]] a shekarar 2002. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Adetutu Sobowale |date=13 February 2024 |title=Bolaji Agbede: Things To Know About Wigwe's Successor |url=https://punchng.com/bolaji-agbede-things-to-know-about-wigwes-successor/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ita memba ce mai daraja a Cibiyar Gudanar da Ma'aikata ta Burtaniya da kuma Cibiyar Gudanar da Ma'aikata ta Najeriya . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Bayo Wahab |date=13 February 2024 |title=7 things to know about Bolaji Agbede appointed to succeed Herbert Wigwe |url=https://www.pulse.ng/business/domestic/7-things-to-know-about-bolaji-agbede-appointed-to-succeed-herbert-wigwe/s4hdkk0 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Sana'a == Tun daga watan Maris na shekarar 2024, aikinta ya kai fiye da shekaru 27, tare da gogewa a harkokin banki, kula da dangantakar abokan ciniki, da kuma kula da albarkatun ɗan adam. <ref name="ExpR">{{Cite web |last=Bunmi Aduloju |date=24 March 2024 |title=Profile: Bolaji Agbede, Adaora Umeoji…: Female CEOs Leading Nigerian Banks |url=https://www.thecable.ng/profile-bolaji-agbede-adaora-umeoji-female-ceos-leading-nigerian-banks/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[TheCable]]}}</ref> Agbede ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru tare da [[Bankin Guaranty Trust|Guaranty Trust Bank]] a shekarar 1992 kuma ta kai matsayin Manaja a shekarar 2001. A shekarar 2003, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na JKG Limited, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci. <ref name="ExpR" /> Ta shiga [[Bankin Access|Access Bank Plc]] a shekarar 2003 a matsayin Mataimakiyar Manaja Janar kuma ta zama Daraktan Albarkatun Ɗan Adam na Rukunin a shekarar 2010, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 2022. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Bolaji Agbede: Here Are 7 Facts About The Woman Who Will lead Access Bank |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/bolaji-agbede-here-are-7-facts-about-the-woman-who-will-lead-access-bank/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an naɗa ta a matsayin babbar darakta ta farko ta kamfanin, mai kula da tallafin kasuwanci <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Meet Bolaji Agbede, the New Acting GCEO of Access Holdings: Profile of Bolaji Agbede, New Acting CEO of Access Holdings Plc |url=https://www.okay.ng/meet-bolaji-agbede-the-new-acting-ceo-of-access-holdings/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Okay.ng}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Herbert Wigwe a wani hatsarin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2024, kwamitin gudanarwa na Access Bank Group (Access Holdings Plc), ya naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar riƙon kwarya ta ƙungiyar. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5kiakqjhzl0agc0vz562zpktyiadfmm 0 145107 839271 826054 2026-05-23T08:15:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bolaji Titilayo Olamide''' (an haife ta 27 Nuwamba 2003) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Remo Stars Ladies da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Kungiyar Mata ta Najeriya]] . Olamide ita ce mai cin nasara a Golden Boot a gasar Firimiya ta NWFL . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-18 |title=Remo Stars Ladies forward Bolaji Olamide Wins NWFL Premiership Top Scorer Award – The NWFL |url=https://thenwfl.com/2025/05/18/remo-stars-ladies-forward-bolaji-olamide-wins-nwfl-premiership-top-scorer-award/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206051728/https://thenwfl.com/2025/05/18/remo-stars-ladies-forward-bolaji-olamide-wins-nwfl-premiership-top-scorer-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Olamide ta buga wa Osun Babes[1][2][3][4] da kuma Sunshine Queens,[5][6] inda ta sauya sheka daga ɗan wasan tsakiya zuwa ɗan wasan gaba,[7] kafin ta koma ƙungiyar Remo Stars Ladies a shekarar 2025.[8] A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 2025, ta zira kwallaye na farko ga Remo Stars Ladies a karon farko na gasar, a cikin nasarar 3-1 a kan Confluence Queens . <ref>{{Cite web |last=HUsiayo |date=2025-01-16 |title=NWFL Matchday 1: Edo Queens Off To A Flyer As Remo Ladies Get Away Win - Africa Top Sports |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/01/16/nwfl-matchday-1-edo-queens-off-to-a-flyer-as-remo-ladies-get-away-win/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye a wasanni shida masu zuwa, ciki har da wasan da ta yi da Heartland Queens da Abia Angels, wanda ya kawo ta kwallaye 9 a wasanni 7.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SPORTS |first=BSN |title=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash |url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/Bolaji-Olamide-Optimistic-Of-Victory-as-Remo-Stars-Ladies-Prepare-for-Nasarawa-Amazons-Clash |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Obah |first=Amara |date=2025-06-06 |title=NWFL: Remo Stars Ladies Olamide Bolaji remarkable rise |url=https://www.aclsports.com/nwfl-remo-stars-ladies-olamide-bolaji-remarkable-rise/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=ACLSports |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=2025-06-14 |title=Bolaji Olamide: Meet Remo Stars 15-goal youngster ready to fire Super Falcons to WAFCON glory |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/bolaji-olamide-meet-remo-stars-15-goal-youngster-ready-to-fire-super-falcons-to-wafcon-glory-2025061413324351998 |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Pulse Sports Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> An kira Olamide dan wasan mako na [[Gasar Firimiya ta Mata ta Najeriya|NWFL]] a ranar 5 kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka biyu a jere na dan wasan watan tsakanin Janairu da Fabrairu 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=SPORTS |first=BSN |title=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash |url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/Bolaji-Olamide-Optimistic-Of-Victory-as-Remo-Stars-Ladies-Prepare-for-Nasarawa-Amazons-Clash |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Bolaji Olamide Optimistic Of Victory as Remo Stars Ladies Prepare for Nasarawa Amazons Clash}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2025, Olamide ta zira kwallaye guda daya a kan Naija Ratels yayin da Remo Stars Ladies suka lashe wasan su na biyu a jere a Super Six, wanda ya tura su saman teburin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liadi |first=Tunde |date=2025-05-13 |title=NWFL Premiership : Remo Stars Ladies secure second successive wins |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nwfl-premiership-remo-stars-ladies-secure-second-successive-wins/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=Our |date=2025-05-13 |title=Remo Ladies tighten NWFL grip as contenders falter in Ikenne |url=https://punchng.com/remo-ladies-tighten-nwfl-grip-as-contenders-falter-in-ikenne/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-13 |title=Remo Stars Ladies 1-0 Naija Ratels: Bolaji Olamide fires debutants to second straight win – The NWFL |url=https://thenwfl.com/2025/05/13/remo-stars-ladies-1-0-naija-ratels-bolaji-olamide-fires-debutants-to-second-straight-win/ |access-date=2025-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Olamide ta buga wa tawagar mata ta U-17 ta Najeriya wasa a shekarar 2020. A ranar 14 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2020, an kore ta a wasan da aka yi da Guinea, a lokacin gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17. Najeriya ta lashe wasan 5-1 a [[Agege Stadium|Filin wasa na Agege]], ta ci gaba 11-2 a jimillar. Daga baya aka soke gasar saboda annobar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|COVID-19]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-17 |title=FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup 2020 cancelled; India to host 2022 edition |url=https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/37608793/fifa-u-17-women-world-cup-2020-cancelled-india-host-2022-edition |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2024, Olamide ta karbi kiranta na farko zuwa kungiyar mata ta Najeriya don wasannin sada zumunci da Aljeriya. [1] A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2025, an kira ta don wasan sada zumunci da Kamaru.[2] A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2025, ta fara bugawa, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin rabi na biyu.[3] Ba ta shiga cikin jerin sunayen tawagar karshe na gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ba.[4] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] mm15gghus7y2q5az6heq9gd0i5fopc3 0 145183 839059 808911 2026-05-22T16:06:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arlette Sombo-Dibélé''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba 1958) lauya ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Afirka ta Tsakiya. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Dibélé a ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, 1958. Ta sami digirin lauya kuma ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a [[Jami'ar Bangui]], inda ta yi digirin lauya mai zaman kanta wacce ta ƙware a fannin shari'a. <ref name="FN">{{Cite web |last=Bissidi |first=Milka |last2=Ngoulou |first2=Fridolin |date=24 January 2023 |title=RCA: le top 10 des centrafricaines qui ont marqué 2022 |url=https://oubanguimedias.com/2023/01/24/rca-le-top-10-des-centrafricaines-qui-ont-marque-2022/ |website=oubanguimedias.com |publisher=Oubangui Medias}}</ref> == Aikin shari'a == Dibélé ta shiga kuma ta yi aiki a Lauyoyin Afirka ta Tsakiya tsawon sama da shekaru goma. Ta kuma yi aiki a Kotun Tsarin Mulki ta Afirka ta Tsakiya tsawon shekaru bakwai da watanni huɗu. <ref name="FN"/> Bayan da aka ayyana Touadera a matsayin wacce ta lashe babban zaɓen Afirka ta Tsakiya a shekarar 2020–21, ta sami ɗaukaka ƙara daga 'yan takara 10 kan maguɗin zaɓe kuma ta shigar da waɗannan ƙarar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Myers |first=Paul |date=8 January 2021 |title=Curfew imposed in CAR as opposition parties challenge Touadera's poll win |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20210108-curfew-imposed-in-central-african-republic-as-opposition-parties-challenge-touadera-s-poll-win |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=rfi.fr |publisher=Radio France Internationale}}</ref> A tsawon aikinta na shari'a, ta kasance lauya ga Karim Meckassoua, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeune Afrique |first=Jeune Afrique |title=Centrafrique : les dessous de la destitution de l'opposant Karim Meckassoua |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1215486/politique/centrafrique-les-dessous-de-la-destitution-de-lopposant-karim-meckassoua/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=jeuneafrique.com |publisher=Jeune Afrique}}</ref> Dieudonné Ndomaté, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndeke Luka |first=Ndeke Luka |date=28 May 2022 |title=Centrafrique : la Cour d'appel de Bangui acquitte l'ancien ministre Ndomaté et ses 15 coaccusés |url=https://www.radiondekeluka.org/38767-centrafrique-la-cour-d-appel-de-bangui-acquitte-l-ancien-ministre-ndomate-et-ses-15-coaccuses |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=radiondekeluka.org |publisher=Radio Ndeke Luka}}</ref> Juan Rémy Quignolot, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndeke Luka |first=Ndeke Luka |date=30 September 2022 |title=Centrafrique : Juan Rémy Quignolot, remis en liberté provisoire par la justice |url=https://www.radiondekeluka.org/39325-centrafrique-juan-remy-quignolot-remis-en-liberte-provisoire-par-la-justice |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=radiondekeluka.org |publisher=Radio Ndeke Luka}}</ref> Aurélien Simplice Zingas, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndeke Luka |first=Ndeke Luka |date=28 May 2021 |title=" Pour que la justice s'impose, il faut que le pouvoir arrête le pouvoir " |url=https://www.radiondekeluka.org/36995-pour-que-la-justice-s-impose-il-faut-que-le-pouvoir-arrete-le-pouvoir |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=radiondekeluka.org |publisher=Radio Ndeke Luka}}</ref> Thierry Georges Vackat, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndeke Luka |first=Ndeke Luka |date=15 November 2018 |title=RCA : Thierry Georges Vackat remis en liberté provisoire selon sa défense |url=https://www.radiondekeluka.org/32683-rca-thierry-georges-vackat-remis-en-liberte-provisoire-selon-sa-defense |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=radiondekeluka.org |publisher=Radio Ndeke Luka}}</ref> Yvon Konaté, Thierry Savonaroleussa, da kuma Molosa Maleyo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moloma |first=Gisèle |date=11 January 2022 |title=RCA : quand la vie de l'ex-chef d'État-major Ludovic Ngaïfé, celle de l'ancien chef milicien Anti-Balaka Yvon Konaté ainsi que celle de l'ancien ministre Maleyombo, détenus à la prison de camp de Roux, sont menacées, selon leur avocat |url=https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/rca-la-vie-de-lex-chef-detat-major-ludovic-ngaife-celle-de-lancien-chef-milicien-anti-balaka-yvon-konate-ainsi-que-celle-de-lancien-ministre-maleyombo/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=corbeaunews-centrafrique.org |publisher=Corbeau News Centrafrique}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2022, ta yi nasarar wanke Ludovic Ngaïfé, Maleyombo, Konaté, da Ndomate. <ref name="FN"/> Baya ga haka, ita ce kuma ta kafa wata ƙungiyar farar hula ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Farar Hula don Kare Kundin Tsarin Mulki a ranar 30 ga watan Maris, 2016 (G-16). <ref name="DIB">{{Cite web |last=Moloma |first=Gisèle |date=17 August 2022 |title=" La Centrafrique se glisse vers un régime totalitaire ", affirme maître Arlette Sombo Dibelé |url=https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/la-centrafrique-se-glisse-vers-un-regime-totalitaire-affirme-maitre-arlette-sombo-dibele/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=corbeaunews-centrafrique.org |publisher=Corbeau News Centrafrique}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yuni 2019, wani da ake zargin jami'an tsaron shugaban ƙasa ne ya jefa mata bam, kuma ta tsira daga wani yunkurin kisan kai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Les Amis de Siloë Centrafrique |first=Les Amis de Siloë Centrafrique |date=8 April 2020 |title=Me SOMBO DIDELE : " L'ARRESTATION ARBITRAIRE DE MON CLIENT SHABAZZ FARI TAHERUKA". |url=https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/me-sombo-bidele-larrestation-arbitraire-de-mon-client-shabazz-fari-taheruka/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=corbeaunews-centrafrique.org |publisher=Corbeau News Centrafrique}}</ref> Baya ga haka, ta kuma sami barazanar kisa daga wani mai goyon bayan Touadera, Euloge Doctrouvé Koï, a ranar 19 ga watan Satumba 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Corbeaunews Centrafrique |first=Corbeaunews Centrafrique |date=20 September 2022 |title=Maître Arlette SOMBO DIBELÉ, avocate à la cour, menacée d'agression par un criminel notoire du régime |url=https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/maitre-arlette-sombo-dibele-avocate-a-la-cour-menacee-dagression-par-un-criminel-notoire-du-regime/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=corbeaunews-centrafrique.org |publisher=Corbeau News Centrafrique}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Sarandji ta naɗa Dibélé Ministar Muhalli, da Cigaba Mai Ɗorewa, Ruwa da Dazuzzuka, Farauta da Kamun Kifi a ranar 11 ga 5 Afrilu, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Duhem |first=Vincent |title=Centrafrique : ce qu'il faut retenir du nouveau gouvernement dévoilé par Touadéra |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/317433/politique/centrafrique-quil-faut-retenir-nouveau-gouvernement-devoile-touadera/ |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=jeuneafrique.com |publisher=Jeune Afrique}}</ref> A matsayinta na ministar muhalli, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ta goyi bayan ƙungiyar da Masar ke jagoranta, wacce ta roƙi ƙasashen da ke da ci gaban masana'antu su kasance masu gaskiya da bin diddigin gudummawar da suke bayarwa wajen ba da kuɗaɗen shirye-shiryen sauyin yanayi. Ta kuma amince da [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamadou |first=Alain-Patrick |title=Arlette Sombo-Dibélé exige les mesures d'accompagnement liés aux changements climatiques |url=https://www.acap.cf/Arlette-Sombo-Dibele-exige-les-mesures-d-accompagnement-lies-aux-changements-climatiques_a7183.html |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=acap.cf |publisher=Agence Centrafrique Presse |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421060228/https://www.acap.cf/Arlette-Sombo-Dibele-exige-les-mesures-d-accompagnement-lies-aux-changements-climatiques_a7183.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga haka, a taron bita na Green Fund da aka gudanar a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba, 2016, ta ba da shawarar ga masu gudanar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu "su sake duba rubutun shari'arsu kuma su ba da muhimmanci ga samun hanyoyin da za su ba su damar samun kuɗi daga Green Fund." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamadou |first=Alain-Patrick |title=Des acteurs du secteur privé se préparent pour l'accès au financement du Fonds vert |url=https://www.acap.cf/Des-acteurs-du-secteur-prive-se-preparent-pour-l-acces-au-financement-du-Fonds-vert_a7246.html |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=acap.cf |publisher=Agence Centrafrique Presse |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421093257/https://www.acap.cf/Des-acteurs-du-secteur-prive-se-preparent-pour-l-acces-au-financement-du-Fonds-vert_a7246.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dibélé ta sauƙa daga muƙamin minista a ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, 2017 kuma ba a saka ta a cikin {{Interlanguage link|Sarandji II Cabinet|fr|Gouvernement Sarandji II}} ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndeke Luka |first=Ndeke Luka |date=13 September 2017 |title=RCA : un nouveau gouvernement dirigé par Simplice Mathieu Sarandji |url=https://www.radiondekeluka.org/29617-rca-un-nouveau-gouvernement-dirige-par-simplice-mathieu-sarandji |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=radiondekeluka.org |publisher=Radio Ndeke Luka}}</ref> Ta yi ikirarin cewa korar ta daga aiki ya faru ne saboda yunƙurin da ta yi na danne satar dukiyar jama'a. <ref name="DIB"/> == Karramawa == Oubangui Medias ta sanya Dibélé a cikin manyan mata 10 na Afirka ta Tsakiya a shekarar 2022. <ref name="FN"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] eri0m2ax8idjinurvlk3vyr2l2hvu0f 0 145201 839272 809006 2026-05-23T08:17:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bolanle Omolara Otegbayo''' [[Farfesa]] ce 'yar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] a fannin kimiyyar abinci da fasaha. Ita memba ce a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka kuma shugaban Kwalejin Digiri na Biyu na [[Jami'ar Bowen]] (COPGS). == Ilimi == Da farko Bolanle ta sami shiga [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] don yin karatun Kimiyyar Dabbobi, amma bayan ta kammala karatun digiri na 100 sai ta yi la'akari da Kimiyyar Abinci . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olagunju |first=David |date=2019-10-30 |title=Be humble with your success to keep your home —Dr Bolanle Otegbayo |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/be-humble-with-your-success-to-keep-your-home-dr-bolanle-otegbayo/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya ta sami shiga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] don yin karatun Kimiyyar Abinci da Fasaha daga 10/09/1986 zuwa 10/01/1994 don digirin farko na Kimiyya . Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a Fasahar Abinci a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] daga 01/04/1997 zuwa 01/05/1998. Ta sami digirin digirgir a Fasahar Abinci a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] tsakanin 16/09/1998 zuwa 09/07/2004. == Sana'a == Bolanle ƙwararriyar masaniya ce kuma a halin yanzu tana ba da lacca a Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha na Abinci [[Jami'ar Bowen|na Jami'ar Bowen]] inda ta mai da hankali kan gano abubuwan da ke haifar da ingancin abinci a cikin amfanin gona don tabbatar da cewa akwai masu ruwa da tsaki nagari da ke samar da kayayyaki a cikin sarkar darajar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bowen University Official Website |url=https://bowen.edu.ng/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=bowen.edu.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Membobi da kyautar == A shekarar 2024, an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka . A shekarun 2011 da 2012, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Postdoctoral Fellowship of African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD). [1] [2] == Fitattun Littattafai == * {{Cite journal |last=Otegbayo |first=Bolanle |last2=Oluyinka |first2=Oroniran |last3=Tanimola |first3=Abiola R. |last4=Bisi |first4=Fawehinmi |last5=Ayomide |first5=Alamu |last6=Tomilola |first6=Bolaji |last7=Madu |first7=Tessy |last8=Okoye |first8=Benjamin |last9=Chijioke |first9=Ugo |last10=Ofoeze |first10=Miriam |last11=Alamu |first11=Emmanuel Oladeji |last12=Adesokan |first12=Michael |last13=Ayetigbo |first13=Oluwatoyin |last14=Bouniol |first14=Alexandre |last15=DJibril-Mousa |first15=Imayath |date=2024 |title=Food quality profile of pounded yam and implications for yam breeding |journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture |volume=104 |issue=8 |pages=4635–4651 |bibcode=2024JSFA..104.4635O |doi=10.1002/jsfa.12835 |issn=0022-5142 |pmid=37439058 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Adesokan |first=Michael |last2=Alamu |first2=Emmanuel Oladeji |last3=Otegbayo |first3=Bolanle |last4=Asfaw |first4=Asrat |last5=Afolabi |first5=Michael Olutoyin |last6=Fawole |first6=Segun |last7=Meghar |first7=Karima |last8=Dufour |first8=Dominique |last9=Ayetigbo |first9=Oluwatoyin |last10=Davrieux |first10=Fabrice |last11=Maziya-Dixon |first11=Busie |date=2025 |title=Rapid analysis of starch, sugar, and amylose in fresh yam tubers and boiled yam texture using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0889157525002406 |journal=Journal of Food Composition and Analysis |volume=142 |doi=10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107425 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-08-21}} * {{Cite journal |last=Houngbo |first=Mahugnon Ezékiel |last2=Desfontaines |first2=Lucienne |last3=Irep |first3=Jean-Luc |last4=Dibi |first4=Konan Evrard Brice |last5=Couchy |first5=Maritza |last6=Otegbayo |first6=Bolanle O. |last7=Cornet |first7=Denis |date=2024 |title=Starch granule size and shape characterization of yam ( Dioscorea alata L.) flour using automated image analysis |journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture |volume=104 |issue=8 |pages=4680–4688 |bibcode=2024JSFA..104.4680H |doi=10.1002/jsfa.12861 |issn=0022-5142 |pmid=37452681 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Otegbayo |first=Bolanle Omolara |last2=Tanimola |first2=Abiola Rebecca |last3=Ricci |first3=Julien |last4=Gibert |first4=Olivier |date=2024-01-10 |title=Thermal Properties and Dynamic Rheological Characterization of Dioscorea Starch Gels |journal=Gels |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=51 |doi=10.3390/gels10010051 |issn=2310-2861 |pmc=10815548 |pmid=38247774 |doi-access=free}} == Rayuwar Aure == Tana auren Farfesa Jesse Abiodun Otegbayo, kuma dukkansu suna da 'ya'ya biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Comments |first=Admin General 5 |title=MEET UCH'S NEW CMD, PROF. J.A. OTEGBAYO – UIMSA |url=https://uimsa.org.ng/meet-uchs-new-cmd-prof-j-a-otegbayo/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2025-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513011231/https://uimsa.org.ng/meet-uchs-new-cmd-prof-j-a-otegbayo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] evtqo94cz2itnpb9ni567jvbsjl9ff6 0 145281 839200 809223 2026-05-22T23:18:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Faith Oriyomi Omilana 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa ta mata ta Najeriya, wanda aka fi sani da Flamingos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faith Oriyomi Omilana: Goalkeeper, Profile & News |url=https://tribuna.com/en/persons/faith-oriyomi-omilana/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Tribuna.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Faith Omilana (Omilana F.) stats - Player Profile - Flashscore.com.ng |url=https://www.flashscore.com.ng/player/omilana-faith/hABA3Rl6/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=www.flashscore.com.ng |language=en-NG}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Faith Oriyomi Omilana a ranar 1 ga Disamba 2005 a Najeriya. [1] Ta ci gaba da sha'awar kwallon kafa kuma ta nuna ƙwarewa ta musamman a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Kwarewarta da jajircewarta ga wasanni sun haifar da ci gaba ta hanyar tsarin ci gaban matasa, daga ƙarshe ya sami matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da 17 ta Najeriya, wanda aka fi sani da Flamingos, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko.[2][3][4] == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == 2022 FIFA U‐17 Kofin Duniya na Mata * A gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U‐17 ta 2022 da aka gudanar a Indiya, an tabbatar da Omilana a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko na Najeriya a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 21.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acho |first=Affa |date=2022-09-24 |title=FIFA U17WWC: Olowookere Picks 21 Players For Tournament |url=https://leadership.ng/fifa-u17wwc-olowookere-picks-21-players-for-tournament/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ta taka leda a wasan kusa da na karshe da Amurka. Bayan 1-1 draw a lokacin ka'idoji, Omilana ta yi muhimman ceto da yawa ciki har da biyu a lokacin harbe-harbe don taimakawa Flamingos ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na farko a gasar. * A wasan na uku da aka yi da Jamus, Omilana ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai karfi, ta adana hukunci mai mahimmanci a cikin harbi don samun lambar tagulla ta farko ta Najeriya a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flamingos rewarded with bronze after penalty shootout victory over Germany's U-17 {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/fifa-u-17-wwc-nigerias-flamingos-rewarded-with-bronze-after-victory-over-germany-2024072600495691599 |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Daraja == '''Intercontinental''' * '''FIFA U-17 Kofin Duniya na Mata''' ** Matsayi na uku: (2022) '''Yankin nahiyar''' * '''Kofin Kasashen Afirka na U-17 na Mata''' ** Wadanda suka ci nasara: 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 da 2016 === Rubuce-rubucen Kofin Kasashen Afirka na U-17 na Mata === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="9" |Kofin Kasashen Afirka na U-17 na Mata |- ! colspan="9" |Bayyanawa: 6 |- !Shekara !Zagaye !Matsayi !{{Tooltip|Pld|Games played}} !{{Tooltip|W|Won}} !{{Tooltip|D|Drawn}} !{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} !{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}} !{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}} |- |- bgcolor="gold" |'''2008''' |'''Zakarun Turai''' |'''Na farko''' |'''4''' |'''2''' |'''1''' |'''1''' |'''8''' |'''4''' |- bgcolor="gold" |2010 |'''Ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya''' |'''Na farko''' |'''2''' |'''2''' |'''0''' |'''0''' |'''7''' |'''1''' |- bgcolor="gold" |2012 |'''Ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya''' |'''Na farko''' |'''4''' |'''4''' |'''0''' |'''0''' |'''12''' |'''1''' |- bgcolor="gold" |2013 |'''Ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya''' |'''Na farko''' |'''-''' |'''-''' |'''-''' |'''-''' |'''-''' |'''-''' |- bgcolor="gold" |2016 |'''Ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya''' |'''Na farko''' |'''4''' |'''4''' |'''0''' |'''0''' |'''16''' |'''0''' |- |2018 |Zagaye na biyu |Na biyu |4 |0 |4 |0 |3 |3 |- bgcolor="gold" |2022 |'''Ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya''' |'''Na farko''' |'''4''' |'''3''' |'''1''' |'''0''' |'''7''' |'''0''' |- bgcolor="gold" |2024 |'''Ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya''' |'''Na farko''' |'''6''' |'''5''' |'''1''' |'''0''' |'''25''' |'''2''' |- !Jimillar !8/8 !Sunayen 7 !28 !24 !7 !1 !89 !13 |} == Rubuce-rubucen kai-da-kai == Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna rikodin Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17. {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;" !Abokin hamayya !{{Abbr|Pld|Played}} !{{Abbr|W|Won}} !{{Abbr|D|Drawn}} !{{Abbr|L|Lost}} !{{Abbr|GF|Goals for}} !{{Abbr|GA|Goals against}} !{{Abbr|GD|Goal difference}} !Nasara % |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Azerbaijan}}{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=11|against=0|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Brazil}}{{WDL|2|0|1|1|for=2|against=3|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Canada}}{{WDL|1|0|1|0|for=1|against=1|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|China}}{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=2|against=1|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Chile}}{{WDL|2|2|0|0|for=7|against=1|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Colombia}}{{WDL|3|2|1|0|for=5|against=1|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Dominican Republic}}{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=1|against=0|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Ecuador}}{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=4|against=0|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|England}}{{WDL|2|0|1|1|for=0|against=1|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|France}}{{WDL|1|0|1|0|for=0|against=0|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Germany}}{{WDL|2|0|1|1|for=4|against=5|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Mexico}}{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=3|against=0|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|New Zealand}}{{WDL|2|2|0|0|for=8|against=1|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|North Korea}}{{WDL|2|1|0|1|for=3|against=5|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|South Korea}}{{WDL|2|1|0|1|for=7|against=7|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Spain}}{{WDL|1|0|0|1|for=0|against=3|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|Trinidad and Tobago}}{{WDL|1|1|0|0|for=2|against=1|diff=yes}} |- | align="left" |{{Fbwu|17|United States}}{{WDL|2|0|1|1|for=1|against=3|diff=yes}} |- class="sortbottom" !Jimillar {{WDLtot|28|14|7|7|for=61|against=33|diff=yes}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya]] * Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lmdc4sxqx363hb786ohke6zujjw0s2c 0 145357 839312 809457 2026-05-23T10:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bumi Thomas''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983) mawaƙiya ce na jazz-folk-soul kuma mai ba da guitar. An haife ta ne a [[Glasgow]], Scotland, amma ta girma a Najeriya. Yanzu tana zaune a London, kuma tana yawan yin wasan kwaikwayo a ƙananan wurare a kusa da birnin, ta saki EP dinta na farko, Feather Pearl, a watan Nuwamba 2014. == Rayuwa == An haifi Thomas a Glasgow, Scotland, a watan Yunin 1983. <ref name="threat">{{Cite web |last=Yates |first=Kieran |date=2020-07-07 |title=Bumi Thomas: the Glasgow-born singer given two weeks to leave the country |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jul/07/bumi-thomas-glasgow-born-singer-given-two-weeks-to-leave-uk |access-date=2021-02-27 |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == An san Thomas da waƙoƙi kamar "Free As a Bird", waɗanda ta yi kai tsaye a gidan rediyon BBC, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Free As A Bird (Live In Session) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/records/n3nvdq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319092015/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/records/n3nvdq |archive-date=19 March 2017 |access-date=20 September 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> "My Baby (Hole in the Sky)", "Walk with Me" da kuma "Don't Lie to Me". Waƙoƙinta sun fi mayar da hankali kan jigogi na "tafiya da bayyanawa". Ta yi wasa tare da irin su Kenny Thomas, Muntu Valdo, Nneka, Shingai Shoniwa of the Noisettes, [[Keziah Jones]] da Tony Allen, kuma galibi ana samunta tana yin wasa a gidajen cin abinci, mashaya da kulab ɗin jazz a Landan, kodayake ta fito a kan dandamali a Royal Opera House . Fim ɗinta na farko, ''Feather Pearl'', an fitar da shi a watan Nuwamba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2014 |title=Bumi Thomas 'Feather Pearl' |url=http://nijimagazine.com/2014/11/bumi-thomas-feather-pearl-debut-ep/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220071205/http://nijimagazine.com/2014/11/bumi-thomas-feather-pearl-debut-ep/ |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=20 September 2016}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2015, ta bayyana a gasar London Felabration 2015 tare da [[Dele Sosimi|Dele Sosimi Afrobeat Orchestra]] da mawaka kamar [[Breis]], [[Temi Dollface]], [[Afrikan Boy]], [[Tiggs da Author]], da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2016 |title=Celebrate the Legacy of Fela Kuti at London's 'Felabration' With Dele Sosimi Afrobeat Orchestra + Very Special Guests |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/events/fela-kuti-felabration-london-dele-sosimi-afrobeat-orchestra/ |access-date=20 September 2016 |publisher=[[OkayAfrica]] |archive-date=23 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160823165344/http://www.okayafrica.com/events/fela-kuti-felabration-london-dele-sosimi-afrobeat-orchestra/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Thomas tana zaune a Landan. Ta faɗi game da gadonta: "Kwarewar da na samu a Najeriya a matsayina na mace 'yar asalin Yarbawa da Igbo da ke zaune a ƙasar Hausa ta siffanta ni. Duk da cewa har yanzu ina riƙe da wasu abubuwan da na fuskanta tun ina ƙarama; ina da lafazin Glaswegian mai kauri lokacin da muka ƙaura zuwa Kano kuma har yanzu ina riƙe da ra'ayin Scotland game da rashin damuwa game da rayuwa." [1] An yi barazanar korar Thomas saboda an haife ta a Burtaniya a shekarar 1983. Babbar 'yar uwarta ba ta sami wannan barazanar ba. Yaƙin neman haƙƙinta ya jawo hankalin sama da mutane 25,000. <ref name="threat"/> A watan Agusta na 2020, an ba Thomas, wanda aka haifa a Glasgow izinin zama a Burtaniya na dindindin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] s65ri9kjxi00vnfzngchk6sewxb4hk4 0 145771 839065 810660 2026-05-22T16:54:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ashley Rolfe''' tana ɗaya daga cikin matukan jirgin sama mata [[United States Air Force|na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka]] waɗanda suka cancanci tuka jirgin [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] . A matsayinta na memba na Rundunar Tsaron Jiragen Sama ta Massachusetts, ta kafa tarihi a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 104 a matsayin matukin jirgin sama mace ta farko a tarihin rukunin jiragen sama na shekaru 70 a ranar 18 ga Agusta 2016. Ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 67 a Kadena Air Base . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadena High School students learn "Physics of Flight" |url=https://www.kadena.af.mil/News/story/id/123182052/ |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=United States Air Force |archive-date=11 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411031535/https://www.kadena.af.mil/News/story/id/123182052/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kadena ita ce aikin farko da Rolfe ta yi, inda ta kuma yi tarihi ta hanyar yin aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 67 a matsayin matukin jirgin F-15 mace tilo. A shekarar 2010, ita ce kaɗai matukin jirgin sama mace da ta shiga cikin Exercise Commando Sling wanda ya bayyana a cikin Labaran Talabijin na Rundunar Sojan Sama "One of a Kind". <ref>{{Cite web |title=DVIDS – Video – Air Force Report: One of a Kind |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/video/92968/air-force-report-one-kind#.VfaiahGqqko |access-date=14 September 2015 |website=DVIDS}}</ref> [[Fayil:USAF_F-15_pilot_Capt._Ashley_Rolfe_the_only_female_fighter_pilot_participating_in_Exercise_Commando_Sling.webm|thumb| Bidiyo: Matukin jirgin yaƙi mace ɗaya tilo da ke shiga cikin atisayen 'Exercise Commando Sling']] Rolfe ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Sojojin Sama ta Amurka . Ta kammala horon matukan jirgi a shekarar 2007, inda ta cika burinta na zama matukin jirgin F-15 Eagle. Ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Sama mai aiki tsawon shekaru 11. Baya ga yin aiki a Tyndall, an tura ta a matsayin matukin jirgin sama a sansanin Sojojin Sama na Kadena da ke Japan da kuma sansanin Sojojin Sama na Nellis da ke Nevada . An tura ta sau biyu, kwanan nan zuwa Afghanistan na tsawon watanni shida. Ta yi jigilar jiragen sama na T-38 a matsayin wani bangare na shirin mayakan F-22 Raptor a wurin aikinta na baya a Tyndall kafin ta zo na 104. Tana da aure kuma tana da 'ya mace daya. [1] [2] [3]<gallery class="center" widths="200px" heights="120px"> Fayil:091211-F-0827S-035_USAF_Female_F-15_Pilot_Capt._Ashley_Rolfe_at_Kadena.JPG|alt=Ashley at Kadena as F-15 Pilot| Ashley a Kadena a matsayin F-15 Pilot Fayil:USAF_Female_F-15_Fighter_Pilot_Maj._Ashley_Rolfe_2764434.jpg|alt=at Massachusetts ANG's 104th FW| a Massachusetts ANG's 104th FW Fayil:USAF_Female_F-15_Fighter_Pilot_Maj._Ashley_Rolfe_160819-A-YG824-001.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] er4m949280ivuam8p6gr3t51ziwiebd 0 145838 839030 810834 2026-05-22T12:53:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ann Kananu Mwenda''' ƙwararriyar masaniya a fannin laifuka ce 'yar ƙasar Kenya, 'yar siyasa kuma mai kula da harkokin jama'a wacce, daga ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba 2021 zuwa 2022, ta yi aiki a matsayin gwamnar gundumar Nairobi. <ref name="0R">{{Cite web |last=Maureen Kinyanjui |date=16 November 2021 |title=Anne Kananu sworn in as new Nairobi Governor |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-11-16-anne-kananu-sworn-in-as-new-nairobi-governor/ |access-date=16 November 2021 |website=[[The Star (Kenya)]]}}</ref> Daga ranar 15 ga watan Janairu 2021 zuwa ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba 2021, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamna ta Gundumar Nairobi. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Morris Kiruga |author-link=Morris Kiruga |date=18 January 2021 |title=Kenya: Nairobi's New Governor Rushed Through To Avoid Ruto-Odinga Proxy Fight |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/59723/kenya-nairobis-new-governor-rushed-through-to-avoid-ruto-odinga-fight/ |access-date=13 April 2021 |website=Theafricanreport.com}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mukaddashiyar Gwamna bayan tsige Mike Sonko da kuma cire shi daga muƙaminsa a watan Disamba a shekarar 2020. Bisa ga dokokin Kenya, Kananu ta yi sauran wa'adin mulkin tsohon gwamnan. <ref name="1R"/> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Ann Kananu a watan Mayun 1980, a gundumar Embu. Ta halarci ''makarantar firamare ta St. Michael'', a gundumarta, kafin ta shiga ''makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Our Lady Of Mercy, Magundu'', wata makarantar kwana ta 'yan mata gaba ɗaya a gundumar Tharaka Nithi, wacce [[Cocin katolika|cocin Katolika]] ke gudanarwa. Ta kammala karatunta daga can da ''takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare ta Kenya'' (KCSE) a shekarar 1999. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Collins Omulo |date=7 January 2020 |title=Meet Ann Kananu Mwenda, Sonko's nominee for DG's position |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/hustle/meet-ann-kananu-mwenda-sonkos-nominee-for-dgs-position |access-date=13 April 2021 |publisher=[[Daily Nation|Nairobi News]] |archive-date=19 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619184702/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/hustle/meet-ann-kananu-mwenda-sonkos-nominee-for-dgs-position |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da digirin farko a fannin Kimiyya a fannin Nazarin Laifuka da Gudanar da Tsaro, wanda Jami'ar Fasaha ta Dedan Kimathi ta bayar a shekarar 2016. Tana kuma da digirin difloma a fannin Nazarin Laifuka da Gudanar da Tsaro, wacce ta samu daga Jami'ar St. Paul, Limuru, a shekarar 2013. Bugu da ƙari, tana da takaddun shaida guda biyu da ta samu daga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]], tsakanin shekarun 2011 da 2012; na farko, takardar shaidar Gudanar da Albarkatun Ɗan Adam da na biyu takardar shaidar hulɗa da jama'a. Sauran takardun shaidarta sun haɗa da takardar shaidar Gudanar da Rikici daga ''AVSEC'' da ''takardar shaidar horar da mata'' da aka samu daga Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Amurka. <ref name="2R"/> == Aiki == Anne Kananu Mwenda tana da tarihin aiki iri-iri tun kusan shekaru ashirin tun daga lokacin da ta hau kan mulki a Ƙaramar Hukumar Birnin Nairobi. Daga shekarun 2002 zuwa 2003, ta yi aiki a matsayin Wakiliyar Kula da Abokan Ciniki sannan kuma mataimakiyar Shugabar Kamfanin ''Mokir Enterprises Limited''. Daga nan sai ''H. Mogambi da Kamfanin Masu Ba da Shawara kan Kamfanoni'' suka ɗauke ta aiki, suna aiki a can a matsayin mataimakiyar mutum ɗaya, daga shekarun 2003 zuwa 2004. <ref name="2R"/> Daga baya, ta fara aiki da Hukumar Kula da Filayen Jiragen Sama ta Kenya a matsayin Mai Kula da Tsaro wanda ke da alhakin Kula da Inganci da Horarwa. A watan Mayu a shekarar 2018, an ɗauki Kananu Mwenda aiki a Babban Ofishin Kula da Bala'i da Daidaito. Wannan shine aikinta har zuwa lokacin da aka rantsar da ita a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamna a watan Janairun 2021. <ref name="2R"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A da, Ann Kananu Mwenda ta auri marigayi Philip Njiru Muthathai wanda ya mutu a hatsarin mota a watan Janairun 2019. <ref name="2R"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lweqmc8nljy1dkc654pvvi3uizy7kxd 0 145881 839125 832706 2026-05-22T20:13:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ajar Giniyatovna Giniyat (Tulegaliyeva)''' ( Kazakh , {{Lang|kk-lt|Ajar Ğiniatqyzy Ğiniat}} ; an haife shi a Lardin Yammacin Kazakhstan a ranar 8 ga Yuni, 1969, Kazakhstani SSR) ɗan siyasa ne na Kazakhstan, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Lafiya na Kazakhstan daga Janairu 11, 2022 zuwa Fabrairu 5, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=В Казахстане новый министр здравоохранения |url=https://atpress.kz/ru/news/v-kazakhstane/v-kazakhstane-novyy-ministr-zdravookhraneniya |access-date= |website=atpress.kz |language=ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-07 |title=Тамара Дуйсенова объяснила отставку Ажар Гиният |url=https://www.zakon.kz/sobytiia/6423546-tamara-duysenova-obyasnila-otstavku-azhar-giniyat.html |access-date=2024-02-07 |publisher=zakon.kz |language=ru}}</ref> Giniyat memba ne na Hukumar Binciken Cututtukan Ido ta Kazakh Badge of Honor ta Kazakh, Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Jarbusynov ta Ilimin Urology da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Tiyatar Zuciya. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Ajar a lardin Yammacin Kazakhstan, ta kammala karatunta daga Cibiyar Magunguna ta Jihar Aktobe da digiri a fannin ilimin yara a shekarar 1992; tana kuma da difloma a fannin Gudanar da Kananan Hukumomi da Jiha (Jami'ar Yesenov, Aktau ) <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Azhar Giniyat |url=https://primeminister.kz/en/government/composition/giniyat |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=primeminister.kz |language=en}}</ref> da Gudanar da Kasuwanci (Jami'ar Gudanar da Almaty МВА, 2015). <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Giniyat Azhar |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/dsm/about/structure/people/12663?lang=en |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=www.gov.kz |language=ru}}</ref> Ms. Giniyat ta fara aikinta a Atyrau a shekarar 1992 tare da shekaru 2 a matsayin likitan yara na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=Ажар Гиният переназначена министром здравоохранения РК |url=https://medpharm.kz/novosti/azhar-giniyat-perenaznachena-ministrom-zdravoohraneniya-rk/ |access-date= |website=medpharm.kz |language=ru}}</ref> A shekarar 1994 ta koma sashin kula da lafiya na farko na Aktau inda ta ci gaba daga likitan cututtuka masu yaduwa zuwa shugaban sashen. A shekarar 1999, ta zama mataimakiyar babban likita a Asibitin Cututtuka Masu Yaduwa na Aktau. A shekarar 2005, an nada Ms. Giniyat a matsayin Darakta a Sashen Lafiya na Lardin Mangystau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Azhar Giniyat and Women from Kazakhstan |url=https://wave-network.org/inspiring-thursday-azhar-giniyat-and-women-from-kazakhstan/ |access-date= |website=wave-network.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta rike mukamai daban-daban na shugabanci a fannin kiwon lafiya tun daga lokacin. Ms. Giniyat ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ofishin Gudanarwa na Shugaban Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan daga Satumba 2017 har zuwa Yuni 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=Ляззат Актаеву освободили от должности вице-министра здравоохранения РК |url=https://liter.kz/lyazzat-aktaevu-osvobodili-ot-dolzhnosti-vicze-ministra-zdravoohraneniya-rk/ |access-date= |website=liter.kz |language=ru}}</ref> bayan haka, an nada ta Mataimakiyar Ministar Lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-26 |title=Azhar Giniyat appointed vice minister of healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan |url=https://primeminister.kz/en/hrpolitic/appointments/azhar-giniyat-naznachena-vice-ministrom-zdravoohraneniya-rk-2651435 |access-date= |website=primeminister.kz |language=en}}</ref> Ms. Giniyat ta jagoranci yakin neman allurar riga-kafi kuma ta gabatar da bayanai da dama game da hakan a lokacin annobar COVID-19. Ta kuma ba da shawarar ware kuɗi daga Qazaqstan Halqyna (asusun zamantakewa) don kula da yara masu fama da cututtuka marasa galihu. <ref name="exclusive">{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-01-19 |title=Попытка № 3: глава минздрава Ажар Гиният |url=https://exclusive.kz/expertiza/obshhestvo/127277/ |access-date= |website=exclusive.kz |language=ru}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, a matsayinta na Ministar Lafiya, Ms. Giniyat ta shiga majalisar ministocin Alikhan Smailov a matsayin minista mace tilo a sabuwar gwamnatin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Что известно о новых министрах |url=https://forbes.kz/process/appointments/dva_musina_v_odnom_kabinete_chto_izvestno_o_novyih_ministrah |access-date= |website=forbes.kz |language=ru}}</ref> An sake nada ta a wannan mukamin a watan Afrilun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Ажар Гиният переназначена министром здравоохранения |url=https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/ajar-giniyat-perenaznachena-ministrom-zdravoohraneniya-495439/ |access-date= |website=tengrinews.kz |language=ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=Azhar Giniyat designated as Kazakh Healthcare Minister |url=https://www.inform.kz/en/azhar-giniyat-designated-as-kazakh-healthcare-minister_a4052977 |access-date= |website=www.inform.kz |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Maris, 2024, an naɗa shi shugaban Cibiyar Gyaran Yara ta Ƙasa ta NJSC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Ex-Minister of Healthcare Azhar Giniyat to helm National Children’s Rehabilitation Center |url=https://en.inform.kz/news/ex-minister-of-healthcare-azhar-giniyat-to-helm-national-childrens-rehabilitation-center-3ef71d/ |access-date= |website=en.inform.kz |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 2006 — Ajar ta karrama kyautar ƙasa ta Gudummawar Mata ta Kazakhstan don Gudanar da Gwamnati; <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ажар Гиният биография |url=https://dntuyt.ru/articles/azhar-giniyat-biografiya-kto-muzh/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=dntuyt.ru |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 2010 — gudunmawa ga Ci gaban Lafiya a Kazakhstan Badge (wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta bayar); <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ажар Гиният |url=https://24smi.org/celebrity/192656-azhar-giniiat.html |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=24smi.org |language=ru}}</ref> * 2015 — Lambar Yabo ta Shekaru 20 ta Majalisar Jama'ar Kazakhstan; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Досье: Ажар Гиният |url=https://inbusiness.kz/ru/appointment/dose-azhar-giniyat |access-date= |website=inbusiness.kz |language=ru}}</ref> * 2016 — Shekaru 25 na 'yancin kai na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-08 |title=Календарь Казинформа "Дни рождения" |url=https://www.inform.kz/ru/8-iyunya-kalendar-kazinforma-dni-rozhdeniya_a3941556 |access-date= |website=www.inform.kz |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 2021 — Umarnin Kurmet ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-13 |title=Накануне Дня Независимости ряду казахстанцев присуждены государственные награды |url=https://nomad.su/?a=3-202112140040 |access-date= |website=nomad.su |language=ru}}</ref> * 2022 — Kyautar Hans Kluge, Daraktan Yankin WHO na Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-18 |title=Ажар Гиният получила награду от ЕРБ ВОЗ |url=https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/dsm/press/news/details/390296?lang=ru |access-date= |website=www.gov.kz |language=ru}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] p7gwlubqzi4cpdsmvb6plujyjvduopf 0 146311 839050 832587 2026-05-22T14:53:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aqmaral Sharipbaiqyzy Älnazarova''' ( Kazakh , {{Transl|kk|Aqmaral Şärıpbaiqyzy Älnazarova}} ; an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 1971) ƙwararren likitan yara ce ta Kazakhstan, <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=О члене комиссии международной аккредитации |url=https://acqh.kz/alnazarova-a-sh/ |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=acqh.kz |language=ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-07 |title=В Казахстане новый министр здравоохранения |url=https://pharmnewskz.com/ru/news/v-kazahstane-novyy-ministr-zdravoohraneniya_22413 |access-date= |website=pharmnewskz.com |language=ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=Альназарова Акмарал Шарипбаевна |url=https://inbusiness.kz/ru/appointment/dose-alnazarova-akmaral-sharipbaevna |access-date= |website=inbusiness.kz |language=ru}}</ref> kuma yar siyasa, wanda a halin yanzu take aiki a matsayin Ministan Lafiya tun daga Fabrairu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=New health minister of Kazakhstan appointed |url=https://en.inform.kz/news/new-health-minister-of-kazakhstan-appointed-8079f9/ |access-date= |website=en.inform.kz |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Älnazarova a Kyzylorda, <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Minister of Healthcare |url=https://primeminister.kz/en/government/composition/alnazarova |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=primeminister.kz |language=en}}</ref> a cikin iyalin likitocin likita a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 1971. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-13 |title=Казахстанцы празднуют День семьи |url=https://news.myseldon.com/ru/news/index/237329027 |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=news.myseldon.com |language=ru |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529121213/https://news.myseldon.com/ru/news/index/237329027 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da digiri a fannin ilimin yara daga Cibiyar Magunguna ta Jihar Almaty <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=Kazakh President Reshuffles Key Government Posts |url=https://astanatimes.com/2024/02/kazakh-president-reshuffles-key-government-posts/ |access-date= |website=astanatimes.com |language=en}}</ref> da Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'ar Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=Новым министром здравоохранения стала сенатор Акмарал Альназарова |url=https://kz.kursiv.media/2024-02-06/zmzh-minzdrav-3/ |access-date= |website=kz.kursiv.media |language=ru}}</ref> Älnazarova ta kuma ɗauki kwas na ƙwarewa na watanni 10 a fannin Gudanar da Lafiya (hanyar Burtaniya) a 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2024 |title=Обучение в KSPH для всех! |url=https://ksph.edu.kz/obuchenie-v-ksph-dlja-vseh/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ksph.edu.kz |language=ru}}</ref> Ta fara aikinta a 1994 a matsayin likitan sashen shiga a Asibitin Yara na Jama'a na Kyzylorda, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-15 |title=Кадровые перестановки |url=https://nomad.su/?a=19-201511050026 |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=nomad.su |language=ru}}</ref> daga baya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a reshen Kyzylorda na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Yara da Tiyatar Yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Kazakhstan's Government: New Faces |url=https://en.orda.kz/kazakhstans-government-new-faces-3188/ |access-date= |website=en.orda.kz |language=en}}</ref> Alnazarova ta riƙe muƙamai na gudanarwa a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a Kyzylorda, ciki har da Babban Likitan Asibitin Yara na Yankin Kyzylorda, Shugaban Sashen Kula da Lafiya na Yankin Kyzylorda, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-03 |title=В Кызылординской области назначен новый руководитель управления здравоохранения 2015 год |url=https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/kyizyilordinskoy-oblasti-naznachen-novyiy-rukovoditel-283497/ |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=tengrinews.kz}}</ref> Shugabar Kwamitin Kula da Ayyukan Lafiya na Sashen Yankin Kazakhstan a Ma'aikatar Lafiya, da kuma Shugabar Kwalejin Magunguna ta Kyzylorda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-14 |title=Назначены новые заместители акима Кызылординской области |url=https://kaztag.info/ru/news/naznacheny-novye-zamestiteli-akima-kyzylordinskoy-oblasti |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=kaztag.info |language=ru |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529131225/https://kaztag.info/ru/news/naznacheny-novye-zamestiteli-akima-kyzylordinskoy-oblasti |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da take kan mulki, kwalejin ta ƙaddamar da sabbin ƙwarewa kamar Binciken Dakunan Gwaje-gwaje, Tsafta da Cututtukan Cututtuka, Shigarwa, Gyara da Kula da Kayan Aikin Likitanci, Na'urorin Ganewa na Likitanci, Na'urorin Hakora. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-04 |title=Неоценимое наследие корифеев медицины |url=https://kzvesti.kz/zdravoohranenie/neocenimoe-nasledie-korifeev-mediciny-39070/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=kzvesti.kz |language=ru}}</ref> Tsakanin Fabrairu 2013 da Nuwamba 2015, Alnazarova ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Akim <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-14 |title=Назначены новые заместители акима Кызылординской области |url=https://forbes.kz/news/2013/02/14/newsid_18955 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=forbes.kz |language=ru}}</ref> kuma Shugabar Sashen Lafiya na Yankin Kyzylorda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-03 |title=В Кызылординской области назначен новый руководитель управления здравоохранения |url=https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/kyizyilordinskoy-oblasti-naznachen-novyiy-rukovoditel-283497/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=tengrinews.kz |language=ru}}</ref> Akmaral ta riƙe muƙamin Mataimakin Shugaban Farko na Reshen Yankin Kyzylorda na jam'iyyar Nur Otan, wacce yanzu Amanat ce, tsakanin Afrilu 2019 da Yuni 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-23 |title=Акмарал Альназарова назначена первым заместителем кызылординского филиала партии "Нур-Отан" |url=https://dixinews.kz/articles/politika/37862/ |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=dixinews.kz |language=ru }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An zaɓe ta zuwa Majalisar Dattawan Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan a watan Agusta 2020 a matsayin wakiliyar Yankin Kyzylorda, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-25 |title=Центральная избирательная комиссия опубликовала список из 58 кандидатов в депутаты сената парламента |url=https://forbes.kz/process/opublikovan_spisok_kandidatov_v_deputatyi_senata |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=forbes.kz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-13 |title=Окончательные итоги выборов депутатов в сенат опубликовала ЦИК РК 13 августа 2020 года |url=https://zonakz.net/2020/08/13/okonchatelnye-itogi-vyborov-deputatov-v-senat-opublikovala-cik-rk/ |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=zonakz.net |language=ru}}</ref> ta yi aiki a can cikin nasara har zuwa 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-08 |title=Сенат досрочно прекратил полномочия депутата Акмарал Альназаровой |url=https://www.nur.kz/politics/appointments/2059820-senat-dosrochno-prekratil-polnomochiya-deputata-akmaral-alnazarovoy/ |access-date= |website=www.nur.kz |language=ru}}</ref> An naɗa Älnazarova Ministar Lafiya ta Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=Kazakh President Reshuffles Key Government Posts |url=https://astanatimes.com/2024/02/kazakh-president-reshuffles-key-government-posts/ |access-date= |website=astanatimes.com |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Lambobin yabo na "Shekaru 10 na Astana" (2008). <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Alnazarova Akmaral Sharipbayevna |url=https://tadviser.com/index.php/Person:Alnazarova_Akmaral_Sharipbayevna |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=tadviser.com |language=en}}</ref> * Takardar shaidar ƙwarewa a fannin kiwon lafiya (wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Kazakhstan ta bayar a shekarar 2008). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=Указами Президента Касым-Жомарта Токаева за заслуги в государственной и общественной деятельности, значительный вклад в социально-экономическое и культурное развитие страны, укрепление дружбы и сотрудничества между народами награждены |url=https://kzvesti.kz/newspaper-articles/ukazami-prezidenta-kasym-zhomarta-tokaeva-za-zaslugi-v-gosudarstvennoj-i-obshhestvennoj-dejatelnosti-znachitelnyj-vklad-v-socialno-jekonomicheskoe-i-kulturnoe-razvitie-strany-ukreplenie-druzhby-i-sotr-106626/ |access-date= |website=kzvesti.kz |language=ru}}</ref> * Lamba don gudunmawa ga kiwon lafiya da kuma aikin da aka daɗe ana yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-12-14 |title=Награды ко дню независимости |url=https://nomad.su/?a=19-200912140439 |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=nomad.su |language=ru}}</ref> * Dokar Kurmet (Disamba 5, 2016). <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ақмарал Әлназарова жаңа қызметке тағайындалды |url=https://tolqyn.kz/zanalyk/4780-amaral-lnazarova-zhaa-yzmetke-taayyndaldy.html |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=tolqyn.kz |language=kk}}</ref> * Lambar Yabo ta Shekaru 30 na 'Yancin Kan Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan (2021). * Don Gudummawa ga Ci gaban Kiwon Lafiya a Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan, lambar yabo (wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta bayar). <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Альназарова Акмарал Шарипбаевна |url=https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=34829435&pos=11;105#pos=11;105 |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=online.zakon.kz |language=ru}}</ref> * Order of Parasat (Oktoba 24, 2023). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Маулен Ашимбаев поздравил сенаторов с Днем Республики |url=https://kazpravda.kz/n/maulen-ashimbaev-pozdravil-senatorov-s-dnem-respubliki/ |access-date=2024-03-27 |website=kazpravda.kz |language=ru}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] 32d2ig23j365wmvopl59tz4nhr09lmn 0 146551 839076 813321 2026-05-22T18:37:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Augustin Andriamananoro (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Agusta 1968 a Somahamanina ) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan ƙasar Malagasy. Ya riƙe muƙamin minista kuma, daga watan Mayu 2024, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa wanda ke wakiltar Antananarivo I. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa daga 12 ga Yuli 2024 zuwa 29 ga Oktoba 2025. == Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi == An haifi '''Augustin Andriamananoro''' a ranar 14 ga Agusta, 1968, a Somahamanina. A cewar manema labarai na gida, ya fito daga iyali mai sauƙi kuma ya kammala karatunsa na firamare da sakandare a [[Antananarivo]] . <ref> name="madagate">{{Cite web |title=Augustin Andriamananoro. Bon anniversaire de notre confrère Midi Madagasikara ! |url=https://www.madagate.org/editorial/articles/6437-augustin-andriamananoro-bon-anniversaire-de-notre-confrere-midi-madagasikara-.pdf |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=Madagate |language=fr}}</ref> == Aiki a fannin sadarwa da gudanar da gwamnati == == Ma'aikatun gwamnati == === Ministan Wasiku, Sadarwa da Sabbin Fasaha === Ya taɓa yin aiki a ɓangaren sadarwa da sadarwa a matsayin Ministan Wasiku, Sadarwa da Sabbin Fasaha. <ref> name="siit2009">{{Cite web |title=SIIT 2009 ouvre ses portes |url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/SIIT-2009-ouvre-ses-portes-sans%2C12743.html |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=Madagascar-Tribune}}</ref> <ref> name="andria-acta">{{Cite web |title=Le Ministre Augustin Andriamananoro – Acta non Verba ! |url=https://andriamananoro.net/reportages/entreprendre/1001-le-ministre-augustin-andriamananoro-acta-non-verba-.html |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref> === Ministan Albarkatun Halieutic da Kamun Kifi (2018–2019) === A shekarar 2018, an naɗa shi Ministan Albarkatun Halieutic da Kamun Kifi, mukamin da ya riƙe har zuwa shekarar 2019. <ref> name="un-decret">{{Cite web |title=DECRET N° 2018-1008 |url=https://www.un.org/depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/DecretMZN147Fr.pdf |access-date=2 December 2025 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref> name="madagate-toliara">{{Cite web |title=Toliara – IHSM An 25 : discours du ministre Augustin Andriamananoro |url=https://www.madagate.org/editorial/madagate-video-et-affiche/6925-toliara-ihsm-an-25-discours-du-ministre-augustin-andriamananoro.html |access-date=2 December 2025}}</ref> === Ministan Sadarwa da Al'adu (Janairu–Afrilu 2024) === A watan Janairun 2024, an nada Andriamanananoro Ministan Sadarwa da Al'adu. <ref> name="lexpress-mcc">{{Cite web |title=COMMUNICATION ET CULTURE : le nouveau ministre s’engage à résoudre les problèmes de l’OMDA |url=https://www.lexpress.mg/2024/01/communication-et-culture-le-nouveau.html |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=L'Express de Madagascar |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="gasigasy">{{Cite web |title=Bureau Permanent – Deux anciens ministres et du sang neuf à la vice-présidence |url=https://www.gasigasy.mg/politique/bureau-permanent-deux-anciens-ministres-et-du-sang-neuf-a-la-vice-presidence/ |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=Gasigasy |language=fr}}</ref> Ya yi murabus a ranar 17 ga Afrilun 2024, domin tsayawa takara a zaben 'yan majalisa na 2024. <ref> name="moov">{{Cite web |title=Augustin Andriamananoro : « Je suis un candidat comme les autres après ma démission » |url=https://new.moov.mg/actualite/nationale/83843-augustin-andriamananoro-je-suis-un-candidat-comme-les-autres-apres-ma-demission |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=Moov |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin yin dokoki == A watan Mayu na 2024, an zaɓi Andriamananoro a matsayin mataimakin mazabar Antananarivo ta I. <ref name="assemblee-vp">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=Élection des membres du Bureau permanent |url=https://assemblee-nationale.mg/election-des-membres-du-bureau-permanent/ |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=Assemblée nationale de Madagascar |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Yuli na 2024, an zaɓe shi a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa wanda ke wakiltar Lardin Antananarivo. <ref name="assemblee-vp" /> Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa ya ƙare a ranar 29 ga Oktoba na 2025, lokacin da aka zaɓi sabon Ofishin Dindindin, kuma Ralambozafimbololona Razafitsimialona Andriantsivoafetra ya gaje shi. <ref name="newbureau">{{Cite web |title=Un nouveau Bureau Permanent pour l'Assemblée nationale – Continuité et renouveau à Tsimbazaza |url=https://assemblee-nationale.mg/un-nouveau-bureau-permanent-pour-lassemblee-nationale-continuite-et-renouveau-a-tsimbazaza/ |access-date=2 December 2025 |language=fr}}</ref> == Kamawa da shari'a a shekarar 2016 == A watan Disamba na shekarar 2016, an kama Andriamanananoro a lokacin jana'iza a yankin Antananarivo sakamakon zargin hannu a zanga-zangar adawa da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a Somahamanina. <ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |date=11 December 2016 |title=Madagascar : arrestation d’un ancien ministre, membre du MAPAR |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20161211-madagascar-arrestation-augustin-andriamananoro-ancien-ministre-dirigeant-mapar-andr |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=RFI}}</ref> <ref name="lexpress-guard">{{Cite web |date=27 December 2016 |title=Procès Andriamananoro – Verdict sous haute surveillance |url=https://www.lexpress.mg/27/12/2016/proces-andriamananoro-verdict-sous-haute-surveillance-a-anosy/ |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=L'Express de Madagascar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="tribune-arrest">{{Cite web |date=12 December 2016 |title=Augustin Andriamananoro arrêté en plein enterrement |url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Augustin-Andriamananoro-arrete-en%2C22735.html |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=Madagascar-Tribune}}</ref> A ƙarshe kotun ta tuhume shi ne kawai da shiga zanga-zangar da ba a ba da izini ba kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin daurin watanni uku da aka dakatar. <ref name="lexpress-guard" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Kafafen yaɗa labarai na cikin gida sun bayyana Andriamananoro a matsayin wanda ya taka rawa sosai a fannin sadarwa, kafofin watsa labarai, da ayyukan da suka shafi fasahar sadarwa (ICT) kafin ya fara aikinsa na siyasa. <ref name="madagate">{{Cite web |title=Augustin Andriamananoro. Bon anniversaire de notre confrère Midi Madagasikara ! |url=https://www.madagate.org/editorial/articles/6437-augustin-andriamananoro-bon-anniversaire-de-notre-confrere-midi-madagasikara-.pdf |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=Madagate |language=fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.madagate.org/editorial/articles/6437-augustin-andriamananoro-bon-anniversaire-de-notre-confrere-midi-madagasikara-.pdf "Augustin Andriamananoro. Bon anniversaire de notre confrère Midi Madagasikara !"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Madagate'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n2r165wnq4tuxlilo4976zlskgricvh 0 146811 839310 814733 2026-05-23T10:42:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bulus Kawu Dukku''' dan siyasa ne dan kasar [[Najeriya]] daga [[Jihar Gombe]]. Ya taba zama [[Sanata]] mai wakiltar mazabar '''Gombe North''' a [[Majalisar Dattawa ta Najeriya]] daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2003. <ref>{{cite web |title=Final List of Senators Elected in 1999 |url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_1999_senate.html |access-date=28 Maris 2026 |publisher=African Elections Database }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bulus Kawu Dukku a Jihar Gombe, inda ya taso kuma ya fara harkokin rayuwa kafin shiga siyasa. <ref>{{cite web |title=About Gombe State |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/about-gombe-state-nigeria/ |access-date=28 Maris 2026 |publisher=Media Nigeria}}</ref> == Harkokin Siyasa == Bulus Kawu Dukku ya shiga siyasa karkashin jam'iyyar [[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|People's Democratic Party (PDP)]]. A zaben shekarar 1999 aka zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Gombe North a lokacin fara Jamhuriya ta Hudu. <ref>{{cite web |title=Political Parties in Nigeria 1999 |url=https://africanelections.tripod.com/ng_parties.html |access-date=28 Maris 2026 |publisher=African Elections Database }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A lokacin wa’adinsa, ya wakilci al’ummar mazabarsa tare da shiga ayyukan majalisa da suka shafi dokoki da tsare-tsaren kasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the Nigerian Senate (1999–2003) |url=https://www.nass.gov.ng |access-date=28 Maris 2026 |publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria}}</ref> == Bayan Majalisa == Bayan kammala wa’adinsa a shekarar 2003, ya ci gaba da taka rawa a harkokin siyasa da cigaban al’umma a Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Political History of Gombe State |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/about-gombe-state-nigeria/ |access-date=28 Maris 2026 |publisher=Media Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2ufxp2j0gloi77w05ppxekorg2w66u7 0 147016 839137 816096 2026-05-22T20:32:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aïcha Haddad''' (Arabic; 1937 - 24 ga Fabrairu, 2005) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Aljeriya. An san ta da laƙabi Moudjahida, ta haɗu da al'adun ƙanƙanta na Aljeriya tare da ƙungiyoyin fasaha na Yamma kamar cubism, alama, da nouveau réalisme. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Aïcha Haddad a shekara ta 1937 a Bordj Bou Arréridj, [[Aljeriya]] . <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aklouche Laggoune |first=Nadira |title=Aïcha Haddad |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/aicha-haddad/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes |language=en-US}}</ref> Rayuwarta da aikinta sun kasance alama ce ta tarihin iyalinta, waɗanda suka fito daga kabilar Hachem a Medjana . <ref name=":0" /> Tana da alaƙa sosai da Hautes Plaines na Algeria, inda za ta yi yarinta da balaga.<ref name=":0" /> == Yaƙin Aljeriya == A shekara ta 1954, yayin da take karatu don zama ma'aikaciyar jinya a Setif, Haddad mai shekaru 17 ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka shiga cikin rundunar 'yancin Aljeriya.<ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aklouche Laggoune |first=Nadira |title=Aïcha Haddad |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/aicha-haddad/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAklouche_Laggoune">Aklouche Laggoune, Nadira. [https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/aicha-haddad/ "Aïcha Haddad"]. ''AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-25</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1956, bayan kammala karatunta, ta shiga kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Combattants de la Libération kuma ta shiga [[Taron Soummam]], inda aka kafa jihar Aljeriya.<ref> name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chaal |first=Mahmoud |date=2012-05-22 |title=Destinée à l'art, elle fait la guerre |url=https://www.lexpressiondz.com/culture/destinee-a-lart-elle-fait-la-guerre-154078 |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=L'Expression |language=fr-dz}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa sun kama Haddad kuma sun daure shi fiye da shekaru hudu.<ref> name=":0" </ref><ref> name=":2" </ref> Kwarewarta a lokacin [[Yaƙin Aljeriya]] ya ba ta laƙabi Moudjahida . <ref> name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-06 |title=Emouvant hommage à l'artiste peintre Aïcha Haddad à Alger |url=https://www.algerie360.com/emouvant-hommage-a-lartiste-peintre-aicha-haddad-a-alger/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Algerie 360 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyukan fasaha == Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku a lokacin samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1962, ta koma Algiers kuma ta fara karatun fasaha tare da mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Camille Leroy (artist)|fr|Camille Leroy}} a Society of Fine Arts of Algiers . <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aklouche Laggoune |first=Nadira |title=Aïcha Haddad |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/aicha-haddad/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAklouche_Laggoune">Aklouche Laggoune, Nadira. [https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/aicha-haddad/ "Aïcha Haddad"]. ''AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-25</span></span>.</cite></ref> Daga 1966 zuwa 1988, ta koyar da zane-zane a Lycée Omar-Racim na Algiers .<ref>name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Abdelatif |first=Mounjia |date=2005-03-08 |title=Contribution-hommage, l'Artiste Peintre Moundjia Abdelatif raconte Aïcha Haddad |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/20244 |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Le Soir d'Algérie |language=fr |archive-date=2025-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426211438/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/20244 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Kasa daga 1983 zuwa 1988. <ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1972, ta nuna aikinta na farko a baje kolin rukuni a tsohon Galerie des Quatre-Colonnes a Algiers . Ta lashe lambar yabo a Concours de la Ville na birnin, wanda ya kawo mata karbuwa mai yawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Aklouche Laggoune |first=Nadira |title=Aïcha Haddad |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/aicha-haddad/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAklouche_Laggoune">Aklouche Laggoune, Nadira. [https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/aicha-haddad/ "Aïcha Haddad"]. ''AWARE Women artists / Femmes artistes''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-25</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Chaal |first=Mahmoud |date=2012-05-22 |title=Destinée à l'art, elle fait la guerre |url=https://www.lexpressiondz.com/culture/destinee-a-lart-elle-fait-la-guerre-154078 |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=L'Expression |language=fr-dz}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChaal2012">Chaal, Mahmoud (2012-05-22). [https://www.lexpressiondz.com/culture/destinee-a-lart-elle-fait-la-guerre-154078 "Destinée à l'art, elle fait la guerre"]. ''L'Expression'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-25</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Ta kara shiga cikin duniyar fasaha ta Aljeriya, ta shiga kungiyar National Union of Plastic Artists (UNAP) a 1973 da kuma Janar Union of Arab Painters (UGPA) a 1975.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> Ta kafa abota mai tsawo tare da masu zane [[Baya]] da [[Souhila Bel Bahar|Souhila Belbahar]] . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-03-06 |title=Emouvant hommage à l'artiste peintre Aïcha Haddad à Alger |url=https://www.algerie360.com/emouvant-hommage-a-lartiste-peintre-aicha-haddad-a-alger/ |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Algerie 360 |language=fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.algerie360.com/emouvant-hommage-a-lartiste-peintre-aicha-haddad-a-alger/ "Emouvant hommage à l'artiste peintre Aïcha Haddad à Alger"]. ''Algerie 360'' (in French). 2014-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-25</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Haddad ya yi aiki a cikin al'adar ƙananan Aljeriya, ko ƙananan zane-zane, waɗanda masu kama da Mohammed Racim suka rinjaye su.<ref name=":0"/> Ayyukanta suna da alamun launuka na ƙuruciyarta a cikin Hautes Plaines . <ref name=":0" /> A cikin aikinta, yayin da take tafiya da ziyartar gidajen tarihi, gallery, da baje kolin fasaha na duniya, an fallasa ta ga sababbin siffofin fasaha kuma masu kama da Antoni Gaudí, Jean Tinguely, Niki na Saint Phalle, César Baldaccini, Arman, da I.M. Pei sun rinjayi ta.<ref name=":2" /> A cikin shekarun 1990s, ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta da nouveau réalistes, ta fara aiki a cikin zane-zane da collage ta amfani da abubuwa masu ƙerawa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Daga shekarun 1970 zuwa farkon shekarun 2000, aikin Haddad ya bayyana a cikin nune-nunen solo da na rukuni daban-daban a Aljeriya da kasashen waje. Ana gudanar da sassanta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts na Algiers, Gidan Tarihin Bardo, Kungiyar Abinci da Aikin Gona, UNESCO, da Gidauniyar Japan, da sauransu. == Mutuwa da gado == Haddad ya mutu a shekara ta 2005, a Algiers, bayan dogon rashin lafiya.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Abdelatif |first=Mounjia |date=2005-03-08 |title=Contribution-hommage, l'Artiste Peintre Moundjia Abdelatif raconte Aïcha Haddad |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/20244 |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=Le Soir d'Algérie |language=fr |archive-date=2025-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426211438/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/20244 |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbdelatif2005">Abdelatif, Mounjia (2005-03-08). [https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/20244 "Contribution-hommage, l'Artiste Peintre Moundjia Abdelatif raconte Aïcha Haddad"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260408172220/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/20244 |date=2026-04-08 }}. ''Le Soir d'Algérie'' (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-25</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2003, an ba da lambar yabo ga masu zane-zane mata da Birnin Algiers ya bayar don girmama ta.<ref name=":4"/> Wani daki a Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts na Algiers kuma yana ɗauke da sunanta. <ref name=":4" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] jfh2p0ps02vosb6iqo5df9vkq0xpary 0 147219 839070 816892 2026-05-22T17:34:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asinansi Nyakato''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Kamanda''', 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Uganda, kuma 'yar majalisar dokoki ce ta birnin Hoima, a majalisar dokoki ta 11 daga shekarun 2021 zuwa 2026. Tana da alaƙa da jam'iyyar Forum for Democratic Change (FDC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asinansi Nyakato Kamanda, Aspiring Woman MP 2021–2026, Hoima district |url=http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=64 |access-date=16 April 2021 |website=www.ugandadecides.com |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417112154/http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=64 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=23 August 2019 |title=FDC'S NYAKATO IS OUR HOIMA CANDIDATE TOO, P'PLE POWER – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/fdcs-nyakato-is-our-hoima-candidate-too-pple-power/ |access-date=16 April 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Nyakato gimbiya ce ta masarautar Bunyoro Kitara. Tana da digirin farko a fannin aikin zamantakewa daga [[Jami'ar Ndejje]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-24 |title=PROFILES: Who is who in the Hoima Woman MP by- election? |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/politics/2019/09/profiles-who-is-who-in-the-hoima-woman-mp-by-election.html |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki == Nyakato 'yar takarar haɗin gwiwa ce ta jam'iyyar adawa. A shekarar 2011, ta tsaya takarar kujerar 'yan majalisar mata ta Hoima kuma ta fito a matsayin ta biyu bayan ta sha kaye a hannun Ms Tophas Kaahwa Byagira. A watan Agusta na shekarar 2011, ta shiga Majalisar Dokokin Uganda, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai nazarin manufofi har zuwa shekara ta 2016. Ita 'yar Majalisar Zartarwa ce ta Ƙasa ta FDC inda take aiki a matsayin sakatariya a [[Kula da lafiya|ayyukan kiwon lafiya]]. Ita ce kuma babbar sakatariya ta FDC Hoima Municipality. Ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin sakatariya a ƙungiyar matasa ta FDC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=JAVIRA SSEBWAMI {{!}} PML Daily Staff |date=19 August 2019 |title=FDC picks Nyakato Asinansi for Hoima Woman MP by- election |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/08/fdc-picks-nyakato-asinansi-for-hoima-woman-mp-by-election.html |access-date=16 April 2021 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> Daga baya ta koma fafutukar kare al'ummomin da ci gaban mai da iskar gas ya shafa a yankin Albertine. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tnagprylieop8vmlfwudezzgbfge8q1 0 147735 839058 820827 2026-05-22T15:58:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arise Point''' (a shari'a '''Arise Point Private Limited''')<ref>https://www.falconebiz.com/company/ARISE-POINT-PRIVATE-LIMITED-U73100PN2026PTC252645</ref> kamfani ne na hulɗar jama'a na Indiya (PR) da kuma gudanar da suna kan layi (ORM) wanda ɗan kasuwa Aman Anand Singh ya kafa a shekarar 2020. Kamfanin yana da hedkwata a [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Indiya]].<ref>https://zixinindia.com/company_portfolios/company/arise-point-private-limited-cin-U73100PN2026PTC252645</ref><ref>https://indiacsr.in/arise-point-five-years-global-reputation-strategy-aman-anand-singh/</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Arise Point a cikin 2020 a matsayin kamfanin sadarwa na dijital. Kamfanin yana mai da hankali kan alaƙar jama'a da sabis na kula da suna kan layi.<ref>https://yourstory.com/companies/arise-point</ref><ref>https://www.karostartup.com/general/arise-point-celebrates-five-years-under-aman-anand-singh-leading-global-growth-in-media-and-reputation-strategy</ref> == Ayyuka == Arise Point tana aiki a bangaren PR da ORM, tana aiki tare da mutane da kungiyoyi a fadin masana'antu daban-daban. Ayyukanta suna mayar da hankali kan sarrafa kasancewar dijital, bayyanar kafofin watsa labarai, da fahimtar jama'a.<ref>https://www.sangritoday.com/spotlight/arise-point-wins-bharat-business-award-2024-ashneer-grover-lauds-young-entrepreneur-aman-anand-singh</ref> == <ref>https://firstindia.co.in/news/press-releases/arise-point-wins-bharat-business-award-2024-ashneer-grover-lauds-young-entrepreneur-aman-anand-singh</ref>Kasuwanci == Arise Point yana da alaƙa da shirye-shirye da yawa, gami da: Arise Times - kafofin watsa labarai na dijital da dandalin bugawa<ref>https://arisetimes.in/business/who-is-aman-anand-singh-rising-entrepreneur-and-visionary-leader/</ref> Arisepedia - wani dandalin ilimi da bugawa na kan layi Arise Interact - dandalin sadarwa da shiga tsakani Arise Sync - mafita ta dijital da dandalin haɗin kai == Wanda ya kafa == '''Aman Anand Singh'''<ref>https://hindi.news18.com/news/education/jee-success-story-aman-anand-singh-amazing-feat-of-20-year-old-boy-got-idea-while-preparing-for-jee-exam-set-up-company-worth-crores-8419359.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://ndtv.in/career/iit-jee-preparation-success-story-aman-anand-arise-point-21-age-has-own-company-get-business-award-know-his-career-journey-7846708{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>ɗan kasuwa ne na Indiya kuma wanda ya kafa Arise Point .<ref>https://english.punjabbytes.com/arise-point-enters-a-new-phase-under-aman-anand-singh-as-reputation-strategy-takes-centre-stage-in-digital-governance</ref> Ya gabatar da jawabai a abubuwan TEDx. An nuna shi a cikin "[[Forbes Times (jarida)|Forbes]] India 30 Under 30" (Janairu 2026 edition). An kuma haɗa shi da Kyautar Kasuwancin Bharat . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nuhnn4ufdm6rq369l6jafxh1u46cs2w 0 147847 839112 825314 2026-05-22T19:48:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ayoze Perez 20150710.jpg|thumb|Ayoze Perez ]] '''Ayoze Pérez Gutiérrez''' (an haife shi ranar 29 ga Yuli 1993) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba ga kulob din [[Villarreal CF]] a gasar La Liga.<ref name="transfermarkt">{{cite web |title=Ayoze Pérez Profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/ayoze-perez/profil/spieler/168425 |publisher=Transfermarkt |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Ayoze Pérez a Santa Cruz de Tenerife, a Tsibirin Canary na Spain. Ya fara taka ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta CD San Andrés kafin ya koma makarantar matasa ta CD Tenerife inda ya bunƙasa basirarsa.<ref name="bdfutbol">{{cite web |title=Ayoze Pérez |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j20065.html |publisher=BDFutbol |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Tenerife === Pérez ya fara taka leda a matakin manya tare da Tenerife B a shekarar 2011 kafin daga bisani ya samu damar shiga babbar ƙungiyar CD Tenerife a 2012. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori a Segunda División.<ref name="bdfutbol" /> === Newcastle United === A watan Yuni 2014, ya koma kulob din [[Newcastle United F.C.]] na ƙasar Ingila. A kakar wasansa ta farko a gasar [[Premier League]], ya zura ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar.<ref name="premierleague">{{cite web |title=Ayoze Pérez Stats |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/5158/Ayoze-Perez/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=9 April 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A kakar 2018–19, ya zura ƙwallaye 12 a gasar Premier League, ciki har da hat-trick da ya yi a wasa da Southampton.<ref name="bbc">{{cite web |title=Newcastle 3–1 Southampton |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48075149 |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=9 April 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Leicester City === A shekarar 2019, Pérez ya koma [[Leicester City F.C.]] kan kuɗi mai yawa. Ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin [[FA Cup]] a kakar 2020–21, wanda shi ne babban kofin farko a tarihin kulob din.<ref name="facup">{{cite web |title=FA Cup Final 2021 |url=https://www.thefa.com/competitions/thefacup |publisher=The FA |access-date=9 April 2026}}</ref> === Villarreal === A shekarar 2023, ya koma [[Villarreal CF]] domin ci gaba da taka leda a gasar La Liga. Komawarsa Spain ta ba shi damar komawa gasar da ya fara sana’arsa.<ref name="transfermarkt" /> == Aikin ƙasa == Pérez ya wakilci Spain a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 (U21) a shekarar 2014, inda ya buga wasanni biyu.<ref name="transfermarkt" /> == Salon wasa == Ayoze Pérez ɗan wasa ne mai sauri da ƙwarewa wajen riƙe ƙwallo da kuma iya zura ƙwallaye daga matsayi daban-daban. Yakan taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba ko kuma a gefen dama ko hagu na harin ƙungiya.<ref name="premierleague" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:1993 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Spanish footballers]] [[Category:Newcastle United F.C. players]] [[Category:Leicester City F.C. players]] [[Category:Villarreal CF players]] 6xmzmhsu1j3qtc5mw9mcn6rulgn2bn2 0 147939 839081 820294 2026-05-22T19:13:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Awa Ibrahim (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1953) ɗan kasuwa ne na Najeriya kuma Pro-Chancellor na Jami'ar Fountain Osogbo . Dokta Ibrahim mai ba da lissafi ne kuma Shugaban ICMA (Integrated Consultancy Management Accountants) Services Limited . [1] [2][3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Dokta Ibrahim ne ga dangin Ibrahim na Akewusola Compound a Jihar Offa Kwara, Najeriya . Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Legas a 1982 tare da digiri na B.Sc a cikin Lissafi kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Kudi daga Jami'an Ahmadu Bello, Zaria a 1999. Ya kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa daga [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] kuma tsohon jami'in Harvard Business School, Jami'ar Strathclyde (UK), da Cibiyar ILO a [[Torino|Turin, Italiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oak Pensions |url=https://www.oakpensions.com/ibraheem.aspx#:~:text=He%20is%20the%20Chairman/CEO,management%20and%20tax%20consulting%20services. |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=www.oakpensions.com |archive-date=2024-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302131755/https://www.oakpensions.com/ibraheem.aspx#:~:text=He%20is%20the%20Chairman/CEO,management%20and%20tax%20consulting%20services. |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance memba na kwamitin kamfanoni da yawa, gami da [[Kamfanin Rarraba Wutar Lantarki ta Fatakwal|Kamfanin Rarraba Wutar Lantarki na Port Harcourt]] Limited, Kamfanin Gudanar da Lafiya na Oceanic Limited, Express Portfolio Services Limited, Firayim Metro Properties Limited, Afrocommerce (WA) Limited, da HF Schroeder (WA) Limit. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=The Nigerian Accountant 2022 |url=https://icanig.org/members/tna/TNA-Jan-March-2022.pdf}}</ref> == memba == Dokta Ibrahim memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants ta Najeriya . Ya sami karbuwa saboda aikinsa, gami da yin bikin a matsayin "Memba Mai Girma" ta ICAN, da kuma nadinsa a matsayin Pro-Chancellor na Jami'ar Fountain Osogbo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Uko |first=Kazie |date=2019-07-03 |title=ICAN celebrates AWA Ibraheem, 'Notable Member' – Reliable Source NG |url=https://reliablesourceng.com/ican-celebrates-awa-ibraheem-notable-member/ |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 67w9eafem35cjsaxcifwm9kcgwnh7mi 0 148190 839187 822120 2026-05-22T22:10:44Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349731895|Nanjira Sambuli]]" 839187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nanjira Sambuli''' (an haife ta a shekara 1988) ‘yar ƙasar Kenya ce mai bincike, marubuciya, mai nazarin manufofi da kuma mai tsara dabaru. Tana da sha’awa tare da aiki wajen fahimtar yadda amfani da fasahar sadarwa da bayanai (ICT) ke haifar da tasiri mai alaƙa da jinsi a fannonin shugabanci, kafafen yaɗa labarai, kasuwanci da al’adu. == Ilimi == Sambuli tana da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] . == Ayyuka == Nanjira Fellow ce a cikin Fasaha da Shirin Harkokin Kasa da Kasa a The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/experts/2050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713083429/https://carnegieendowment.org/experts/2050 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref> kuma Ford Global Fellow. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ford Global Fellowship |url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/investing-in-individuals/the-ford-global-fellowship/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Ford Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce Shugabar kuma co-Shugaba na Transform Health Coalition, memba na kwamitin a The New Humanitarian, Development Gateway <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://transformhealthcoalition.org/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Transform Health |language=en-US}}</ref> da Digital Impact Alliance (DIAL) da kuma Kwamishina a kan Lancet & Financial Times Global Commission (Governing Health Futures 2030 [4]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Board |url=https://digitalimpactalliance.org/home/who-we-are/our-board/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Digital Impact Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Governing health futures 2030 - The Lancet and Financial Times Commission {{!}} Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://www.governinghealthfutures2030.org/staff-member/nanjira-sambuli/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Governing health futures 2030 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nanjira kuma tana zaune a kan allon ba da shawara da yawa, gami da Fasahar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya da Shirye-shiryen Adalci na Jama'a, Alliance for Inclusive Algorithms <ref>{{Cite web |title=Advisory Board |url=https://aplusalliance.org/advisory-board/ |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=aplusalliance.org |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Cibiyar AI da Daidaitawa ta Majalisar Carnegie. Bugu da ƙari, ita ce mai kula da diflomasiyya a Cibiyar Kimiyya da diflomasii ta Geneva (GESDA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=GESDA - Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator {{!}} GESDA - Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator |url=https://gesda.global/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=gesda.global |language=en-US}}</ref> Nanjira ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Manajan Manufofin kuma a baya a matsayin Manajan Gudanar da Daidaitawar Daidaitawa ta Dijital a Gidauniyar Yanar Gizo ta Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/profile/nanjira-sambuli.html |access-date=2018-10-10 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Bigger Deal |date=2017-12-14 |title=On The Back Seat With Sunny #8: Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtz6kQxK8zg |access-date=2018-10-10 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Nanjira Sambuli ta kasance tsohon Shugaba na Bincike da Manajan Bincike a iHub a [[Nairobi]] tsakanin 2013 da 2016. Ta yi magana a taron da yawa da abubuwan da suka faru game da daidaito na dijital da manufofin dijital, gami da re:publica 2019, rp:Accra 2018, Open Up 2016 da kuma taron koli na Afirka kan Mata da 'Yan Mata a Fasaha. Nanjira memba ce ta Babban Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Haɗin Kai na Dijital kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Babban Kwamitin Babban Sakatare na Majalisar Dattijai don Karfafa Tattalin Arziki na Mata (2016-17). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Event Details: Speaker Bio {{!}} Omidyar Network |url=https://www.omidyar.com/events/open-2016/speaker/nanjira-sambuli |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709010205/https://www.omidyar.com/events/open-2016/speaker/nanjira-sambuli |archive-date=9 July 2019 |access-date=2018-10-10 |website=www.omidyar.com |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; == Ayyuka == Sambuli ta jagoranci aikin 'Yancin Mata na kan layi a Gidauniyar Yanar Gizo, wanda ya ƙunshi cibiyar sadarwa ta kungiyoyin kare hakkin jinsi da na dijital a duk faɗin Afirka, Asiya da Latin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2015 |title=Women's Rights Online |url=https://webfoundation.org/our-work/projects/womens-rights-online/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310030747/https://webfoundation.org/our-work/projects/womens-rights-online/ |archive-date=10 March 2021 |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=World Wide Web Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Sambuli ya kirkiro wani tsari don samun damar, tabbatarwa da ingancin Crowdsourcing, Umati, aikin sa ido mai haɗari na kan layi. [an kara bayani da ake buƙata] Wannan aikin a halin yanzu yana gudana a [[Kenya]], [[Najeriya]] da [[Sudan ta Kudu]]. Ta yi aiki a kan batutuwa da yawa ciki har da Manufofin Media na Kenya da Civic Tech Landscape .  Ita ce edita ta Innovative Africa . Har ila yau, a wasu lokuta tana rubuta wani shafi ga jaridar Daily Nation a Kenya da kuma manema labarai na duniya. A cikin 2018, [[António Guterres]], Sakatare Janar na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya gayyace ta don shiga Babban Kwamitin kan Haɗin Kai na Dijital. == Kyaututtuka da Kyaututtaka == * 2019 - An ambaci sunanta a cikin jerin mata 100 na BBC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=BBC 100 Women 2019: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-50042279 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Greta Thunberg and Dina Asher-Smith among BBC list of 100 most inspiring women |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/bbc-women-100-most-inspiring-world-2019-greta-thunberg-dina-asher-smith-aoc-a9157806.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/bbc-women-100-most-inspiring-world-2019-greta-thunberg-dina-asher-smith-aoc-a9157806.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * 2016 - An lasafta ta daya daga cikin 'yan Afirka 100 mafi tasiri na New African Magazine == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2lpdcjvhp76d5pz7bezktaksspc6f8h 839188 839187 2026-05-22T22:12:03Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nanjira Sambuli | image= Re publica faces 2019 (47797693121).jpg | birth_name = Nanjira Sambuli | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1988}} | birth_place = [[Kenya]] | occupation = [[Tech Policy and Governance Analyst]] | citizenship = [[Kenyan]] | known_for = Digital equality advocacy, ICT policy, gender and technology research | alma_mater = [[University of Nairobi]] | education = Bachelor's degree in Actuarial Science | employer = Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; World Wide Web Foundation (former); iHub (former) | organization = Transform Health Coalition; Digital Impact Alliance (DIAL); Development Gateway; The New Humanitarian | title = Fellow, Technology and International Affairs Program (Carnegie Endowment) | boards = Transform Health Coalition (President & Co-Chair); The New Humanitarian; Development Gateway; Digital Impact Alliance (DIAL) | notable_works = Editor of ''Innovative Africa''; Women's Rights Online initiative | years_active = 2013–present | awards = BBC 100 Women (2019); New African 100 Most Influential Africans (2016) }} '''Nanjira Sambuli''' (an haife ta a shekara 1988) ‘yar ƙasar Kenya ce mai bincike, marubuciya, mai nazarin manufofi da kuma mai tsara dabaru. Tana da sha’awa tare da aiki wajen fahimtar yadda amfani da fasahar sadarwa da bayanai (ICT) ke haifar da tasiri mai alaƙa da jinsi a fannonin shugabanci, kafafen yaɗa labarai, kasuwanci da al’adu. == Ilimi == Sambuli tana da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] . == Ayyuka == Nanjira Fellow ce a cikin Fasaha da Shirin Harkokin Kasa da Kasa a The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/experts/2050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713083429/https://carnegieendowment.org/experts/2050 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}</ref> kuma Ford Global Fellow. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ford Global Fellowship |url=https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/investing-in-individuals/the-ford-global-fellowship/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Ford Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce Shugabar kuma co-Shugaba na Transform Health Coalition, memba na kwamitin a The New Humanitarian, Development Gateway <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://transformhealthcoalition.org/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Transform Health |language=en-US}}</ref> da Digital Impact Alliance (DIAL) da kuma Kwamishina a kan Lancet & Financial Times Global Commission (Governing Health Futures 2030 [4]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Board |url=https://digitalimpactalliance.org/home/who-we-are/our-board/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Digital Impact Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Governing health futures 2030 - The Lancet and Financial Times Commission {{!}} Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://www.governinghealthfutures2030.org/staff-member/nanjira-sambuli/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=Governing health futures 2030 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nanjira kuma tana zaune a kan allon ba da shawara da yawa, gami da Fasahar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya da Shirye-shiryen Adalci na Jama'a, Alliance for Inclusive Algorithms <ref>{{Cite web |title=Advisory Board |url=https://aplusalliance.org/advisory-board/ |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=aplusalliance.org |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Cibiyar AI da Daidaitawa ta Majalisar Carnegie. Bugu da ƙari, ita ce mai kula da diflomasiyya a Cibiyar Kimiyya da diflomasii ta Geneva (GESDA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=GESDA - Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator {{!}} GESDA - Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator |url=https://gesda.global/ |access-date=2021-07-09 |website=gesda.global |language=en-US}}</ref> Nanjira ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Manajan Manufofin kuma a baya a matsayin Manajan Gudanar da Daidaitawar Daidaitawa ta Dijital a Gidauniyar Yanar Gizo ta Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/profile/nanjira-sambuli.html |access-date=2018-10-10 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Bigger Deal |date=2017-12-14 |title=On The Back Seat With Sunny #8: Nanjira Sambuli |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtz6kQxK8zg |access-date=2018-10-10 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Nanjira Sambuli ta kasance tsohon Shugaba na Bincike da Manajan Bincike a iHub a [[Nairobi]] tsakanin 2013 da 2016. Ta yi magana a taron da yawa da abubuwan da suka faru game da daidaito na dijital da manufofin dijital, gami da re:publica 2019, rp:Accra 2018, Open Up 2016 da kuma taron koli na Afirka kan Mata da 'Yan Mata a Fasaha. Nanjira memba ce ta Babban Kwamitin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Haɗin Kai na Dijital kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki a Babban Kwamitin Babban Sakatare na Majalisar Dattijai don Karfafa Tattalin Arziki na Mata (2016-17). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Event Details: Speaker Bio {{!}} Omidyar Network |url=https://www.omidyar.com/events/open-2016/speaker/nanjira-sambuli |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709010205/https://www.omidyar.com/events/open-2016/speaker/nanjira-sambuli |archive-date=9 July 2019 |access-date=2018-10-10 |website=www.omidyar.com |language=en}}</ref>&nbsp; == Ayyuka == Sambuli ta jagoranci aikin 'Yancin Mata na kan layi a Gidauniyar Yanar Gizo, wanda ya ƙunshi cibiyar sadarwa ta kungiyoyin kare hakkin jinsi da na dijital a duk faɗin Afirka, Asiya da Latin Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2015 |title=Women's Rights Online |url=https://webfoundation.org/our-work/projects/womens-rights-online/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310030747/https://webfoundation.org/our-work/projects/womens-rights-online/ |archive-date=10 March 2021 |access-date=2021-03-06 |website=World Wide Web Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Sambuli ya kirkiro wani tsari don samun damar, tabbatarwa da ingancin Crowdsourcing, Umati, aikin sa ido mai haɗari na kan layi. [an kara bayani da ake buƙata] Wannan aikin a halin yanzu yana gudana a [[Kenya]], [[Najeriya]] da [[Sudan ta Kudu]]. Ta yi aiki a kan batutuwa da yawa ciki har da Manufofin Media na Kenya da Civic Tech Landscape .  Ita ce edita ta Innovative Africa . Har ila yau, a wasu lokuta tana rubuta wani shafi ga jaridar Daily Nation a Kenya da kuma manema labarai na duniya. A cikin 2018, [[António Guterres]], Sakatare Janar na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya gayyace ta don shiga Babban Kwamitin kan Haɗin Kai na Dijital. == Kyaututtuka da Kyaututtaka == * 2019 - An ambaci sunanta a cikin jerin mata 100 na BBC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=BBC 100 Women 2019: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-50042279 |website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Greta Thunberg and Dina Asher-Smith among BBC list of 100 most inspiring women |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/bbc-women-100-most-inspiring-world-2019-greta-thunberg-dina-asher-smith-aoc-a9157806.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/bbc-women-100-most-inspiring-world-2019-greta-thunberg-dina-asher-smith-aoc-a9157806.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> * 2016 - An lasafta ta daya daga cikin 'yan Afirka 100 mafi tasiri na New African Magazine == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0zf5lzw2d5rwy1gep9cjxzttp2v50x8 0 148195 839189 822125 2026-05-22T22:24:01Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353645758|Muthoni Likimani]]" 839189 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mūthoni Gacanja Likimani''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1926) ‘yar gwagwarmaya ce kuma marubuciya daga ƙasar Kenya, wadda ta wallafa littattafan ƙagaggun labarai da na gaskiya, tare da littattafan yara.<ref name="Beahan2">Maxine Beahan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lvI-Xw5CJdwC&dq=muthoni+likimani&pg=PA296 "Muthoni Likimani (1926– )"], in Pushpa Naidu Parekh and Siga Fatima Jagne, ''Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook'', Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998, pp. 296–299.</ref> A rayuwarta ta aiki, ta kuma kasance mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo, ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo, malama da kuma mai wallafa littattafai.<ref name="James2">James, Adeola (1990), [https://books.google.com/books?id=95y1BBHDsYMC&dq=muthoni+likimani&pg=PA59 "Muthoni Likimani"], ''In Their Own Voices: African Women Writers Talk'', [[James Currey|James Currey Ltd]], pp. 59–62.</ref> Ita ce sarauniyar kyau ta farko a Kenya, kuma mace ‘yar Afirka ta farko da ta kafa kamfanin hulɗa da jama’a a Kenya, sannan tana daga cikin marubutan mata na farko a ƙasar.<ref name="Nation2">Emeka-Mayaka Gekara and Julius Sigei, [http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/weekend/Muthoni-Likimani-Beauty-queen-who-broke-glass-ceiling-/1220-1898188-tqf8ds/index.html "Muthoni Likimani: Beauty queen who broke glass ceiling"], ''The Nation'' (Kenya), 28 June 2013.</ref> Haka kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka zama masu shirya shirye-shirye a Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanake |first=Anne |date=10 September 2017 |title=Muthoni Gachanja Likimani- One of the first female producers of VOK current KBC |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/achieving-woman/article/2001254133/muthoni-gachanja-likimani-one-of-the-first-female-producers-of-vok-current-kbc |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Evewoman Magazine |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Mūthoni Likimani an haife ta kuma ta girma a Kahuhia Mission, Gundumar Mūrang'a, Kenya, 'yar Mariuma Wanjiūra da Rev. Levi Gacanja Mahaifinta yana ɗaya daga cikin ministocin Ikilisiyar Anglican na farko na Kenya. Ta koyar a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Kahuhia, kafin ta ci gaba da karatu a Burtaniya da Isra'ila, ta shiga cikin watsa shirye-shirye da alaƙar jama'a. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata masu samarwa na farko a Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Kenya, tana aiki a shirye-shiryen mata da yara, kuma ta kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye mai zaman kanta ga [[BBC]]. Ta kaoni's Publicity, kamfanin hulɗa da jama'a wanda kuma ya fara bugawa, gami da samar da mata na lokaci-lokaci na Kenya . <ref name="Bekers" /> Littafinta na farko, They Shall Be Chastised, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Guest |first=Africa in Words |date=2020-08-18 |title=Where were the women? East African writing and the 1962 Makerere Conference. |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/08/18/where-were-the-women-east-african-writing-and-the-1962-makerere-conference/ |access-date=2026-03-09 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Library |first=of Australia |title=They shall be chastised / Muthoni G. Likimani |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/2615640 |website=National Library of Australia}}</ref> an buga shi a shekara ta 1974, sannan kuma What Does a Man Want? <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adima |first=Anna |date=18 August 2020 |title=Where were the women? East African writing and the 1962 Makerere Conference. |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/08/18/where-were-the-women-east-african-writing-and-the-1962-makerere-conference/ |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> a cikin wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 1985 littafinta na uku kuma mafi mahimmanci ya bayyana, Passbook Number F. 47927: Women and Mau a Kenya, taken sa yana nufin lambar asalin ta a lokacin [[Tawayen Mau Mau|Gwagwarmayar Mau Mau]] . Ayyuka ne na almara wanda ke nuna rawar da mata ke takawa da dabarun da suka dauka a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun yayin gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci. A cikin shekarun 1980s, Likimani ta zama wakilin birnin [[Nairobi]], matsayin da ta rike har sai Gwamnatin Kenya ta maye gurbin majalisar da kwamishinan birni. An buga tarihin rayuwarta, Fighting Without Ceasing, a shekara ta 2005. A shekara ta 2007, ta sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar YWCA ta Duniya don nuna godiya ga jagorancin sadaukarwa don shiga cikinta a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. A shekara ta 2014, an nada ta Jakadan Zaman Lafiya a Kenya na Taron Kasa da Kasa don Littattafai da Al'adun Zaman Lafiya (IFLAC). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Solveig |date=18 February 2014 |title=A strong voice from Kenya: Muthoni Likimani appointed IFLAC Peace Ambassador |url=https://iflac.wordpress.com/2014/02/18/muthoni-likimani/ |website=IFLAC News}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A Kikuyu, ta auri [[Mutanen Maasai|Masai]] Dr Jason Clement Likimani, wanda ta sadu da shi lokacin da yake Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya a Fort Hall (yanzu Murang'a) Babban Asibitin Gundumar. Ta ce: "Ya kasance tare da ɗan'uwana, Ngumba, a [[Jami'ar Makerere|Kwalejin Jami'ar Makerere]] kuma ya saba dawowa gida. Shi ne kawai likitan Afirka da aka ba ni damar shiga sansanonin tsare-tsare don kula da fursunoni. Kuma a lokacin ziyararmu ba a yarda ni shiga cikin sansanonin ba. Zan tattauna a fadin waya mai tsayi kuma zai shiga da wasiƙu ga dangi. Wannan shine yadda na zama mai ɗaukar wasiƙu ba tare da izini ba duk da mijina bai sani ba. Mijinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1989. == Fitattun ayyuka == * ''They Shall Be Chastised''. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1974. Kenya Literature Bureau, 1991, {{ISBN|978-9966440945}}. * ''What Does a Man Want?'' Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1974. Noni's Publicity, 2001, {{ISBN|978-9966441201}} * ''Passbook Number F. 47927: Women and Mau Mau in Kenya''. Basingstoke and London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1985, {{ISBN|978-0333379455}}. Noni's Publicity, 2001, {{ISBN|978-9966967206}}. * ''Women of Kenya: In the Decade of Development''. Nairobi: Noni's Publicity, 1985. * ''Fighting Without Ceasing'', Nairobi: Noni's Publicity, 2005, {{ISBN|978-9966967268}}. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] 2ta0scauatvjby901dyerxply5zzmev 839190 839189 2026-05-22T22:24:49Z Zainab118 44654 839190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mūthoni Likimani | image = Muthoni Likimani.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Mūthoni Gacanja | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1926}} | birth_place = [[Murang'a District]], [[Kenya]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = Writer, broadcaster | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = ''Passbook Number F. 47927: Women and Mau Mau in Kenya'' (1985) | spouse = Dr Jason Clement Likimani (deceased) }} '''Mūthoni Gacanja Likimani''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1926) ‘yar gwagwarmaya ce kuma marubuciya daga ƙasar Kenya, wadda ta wallafa littattafan ƙagaggun labarai da na gaskiya, tare da littattafan yara.<ref name="Beahan2">Maxine Beahan, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lvI-Xw5CJdwC&dq=muthoni+likimani&pg=PA296 "Muthoni Likimani (1926– )"], in Pushpa Naidu Parekh and Siga Fatima Jagne, ''Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook'', Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998, pp. 296–299.</ref> A rayuwarta ta aiki, ta kuma kasance mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo, ‘yar wasan kwaikwayo, malama da kuma mai wallafa littattafai.<ref name="James2">James, Adeola (1990), [https://books.google.com/books?id=95y1BBHDsYMC&dq=muthoni+likimani&pg=PA59 "Muthoni Likimani"], ''In Their Own Voices: African Women Writers Talk'', [[James Currey|James Currey Ltd]], pp. 59–62.</ref> Ita ce sarauniyar kyau ta farko a Kenya, kuma mace ‘yar Afirka ta farko da ta kafa kamfanin hulɗa da jama’a a Kenya, sannan tana daga cikin marubutan mata na farko a ƙasar.<ref name="Nation2">Emeka-Mayaka Gekara and Julius Sigei, [http://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/weekend/Muthoni-Likimani-Beauty-queen-who-broke-glass-ceiling-/1220-1898188-tqf8ds/index.html "Muthoni Likimani: Beauty queen who broke glass ceiling"], ''The Nation'' (Kenya), 28 June 2013.</ref> Haka kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka zama masu shirya shirye-shirye a Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanake |first=Anne |date=10 September 2017 |title=Muthoni Gachanja Likimani- One of the first female producers of VOK current KBC |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/achieving-woman/article/2001254133/muthoni-gachanja-likimani-one-of-the-first-female-producers-of-vok-current-kbc |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Evewoman Magazine |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Mūthoni Likimani an haife ta kuma ta girma a Kahuhia Mission, Gundumar Mūrang'a, Kenya, 'yar Mariuma Wanjiūra da Rev. Levi Gacanja Mahaifinta yana ɗaya daga cikin ministocin Ikilisiyar Anglican na farko na Kenya. Ta koyar a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Kahuhia, kafin ta ci gaba da karatu a Burtaniya da Isra'ila, ta shiga cikin watsa shirye-shirye da alaƙar jama'a. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin mata masu samarwa na farko a Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Kenya, tana aiki a shirye-shiryen mata da yara, kuma ta kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye mai zaman kanta ga [[BBC]]. Ta kaoni's Publicity, kamfanin hulɗa da jama'a wanda kuma ya fara bugawa, gami da samar da mata na lokaci-lokaci na Kenya . <ref name="Bekers" /> Littafinta na farko, They Shall Be Chastised, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Guest |first=Africa in Words |date=2020-08-18 |title=Where were the women? East African writing and the 1962 Makerere Conference. |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/08/18/where-were-the-women-east-african-writing-and-the-1962-makerere-conference/ |access-date=2026-03-09 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Library |first=of Australia |title=They shall be chastised / Muthoni G. Likimani |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/catalog/2615640 |website=National Library of Australia}}</ref> an buga shi a shekara ta 1974, sannan kuma What Does a Man Want? <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adima |first=Anna |date=18 August 2020 |title=Where were the women? East African writing and the 1962 Makerere Conference. |url=https://africainwords.com/2020/08/18/where-were-the-women-east-african-writing-and-the-1962-makerere-conference/ |website=Africa in Words}}</ref> a cikin wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 1985 littafinta na uku kuma mafi mahimmanci ya bayyana, Passbook Number F. 47927: Women and Mau a Kenya, taken sa yana nufin lambar asalin ta a lokacin [[Tawayen Mau Mau|Gwagwarmayar Mau Mau]] . Ayyuka ne na almara wanda ke nuna rawar da mata ke takawa da dabarun da suka dauka a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun yayin gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci. A cikin shekarun 1980s, Likimani ta zama wakilin birnin [[Nairobi]], matsayin da ta rike har sai Gwamnatin Kenya ta maye gurbin majalisar da kwamishinan birni. An buga tarihin rayuwarta, Fighting Without Ceasing, a shekara ta 2005. A shekara ta 2007, ta sami lambar yabo ta Majalisar YWCA ta Duniya don nuna godiya ga jagorancin sadaukarwa don shiga cikinta a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. A shekara ta 2014, an nada ta Jakadan Zaman Lafiya a Kenya na Taron Kasa da Kasa don Littattafai da Al'adun Zaman Lafiya (IFLAC). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Solveig |date=18 February 2014 |title=A strong voice from Kenya: Muthoni Likimani appointed IFLAC Peace Ambassador |url=https://iflac.wordpress.com/2014/02/18/muthoni-likimani/ |website=IFLAC News}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A Kikuyu, ta auri [[Mutanen Maasai|Masai]] Dr Jason Clement Likimani, wanda ta sadu da shi lokacin da yake Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya a Fort Hall (yanzu Murang'a) Babban Asibitin Gundumar. Ta ce: "Ya kasance tare da ɗan'uwana, Ngumba, a [[Jami'ar Makerere|Kwalejin Jami'ar Makerere]] kuma ya saba dawowa gida. Shi ne kawai likitan Afirka da aka ba ni damar shiga sansanonin tsare-tsare don kula da fursunoni. Kuma a lokacin ziyararmu ba a yarda ni shiga cikin sansanonin ba. Zan tattauna a fadin waya mai tsayi kuma zai shiga da wasiƙu ga dangi. Wannan shine yadda na zama mai ɗaukar wasiƙu ba tare da izini ba duk da mijina bai sani ba. Mijinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1989. == Fitattun ayyuka == * ''They Shall Be Chastised''. Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1974. Kenya Literature Bureau, 1991, {{ISBN|978-9966440945}}. * ''What Does a Man Want?'' Nairobi: Kenya Literature Bureau, 1974. Noni's Publicity, 2001, {{ISBN|978-9966441201}} * ''Passbook Number F. 47927: Women and Mau Mau in Kenya''. Basingstoke and London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1985, {{ISBN|978-0333379455}}. Noni's Publicity, 2001, {{ISBN|978-9966967206}}. * ''Women of Kenya: In the Decade of Development''. Nairobi: Noni's Publicity, 1985. * ''Fighting Without Ceasing'', Nairobi: Noni's Publicity, 2005, {{ISBN|978-9966967268}}. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] 01qrhzk9n5v4t3yct80cficvwe43u79 0 148199 839244 828822 2026-05-23T05:56:27Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341964775|Moud Goba]]" 839244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moud Goba''' 'yar [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabue]] ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam. Ita '[[Ƴan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]] ce a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] inda ta isa a matsayin matashi mai neman mafaka da ke tserewa daga Zimbabwe bayan shekaru na tsanantawa saboda kasancewa lesbian.(((seeker fleeing Zimbabwe after years of persecution for being a lesbian.<ref name="OpokuGyimah20222">{{Cite news |last=Opoku-Gyimah |first=Phyll |date=6 December 2022 |title=Lady Phyll shares powerful story of the 'Black, lesbian, warrior woman' who changed her life for good, Moud Goba |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2021/06/17/lady-phyll-moud-goba-queer-bible/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=[[PinkNews]] |language=en}}</ref>))) == Rayuwa ta farko == Goba ta girma ne a [[Harare|Harare, Zimbabwe]] . Ta tsere daga kasar a lokacin mulkin [[Robert Mugabe]], wanda ya ga cin zarafi da tsananta wa masu luwadi. <ref name="Attitude2017">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2017 |title=Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Muparamoto2021">{{Cite journal |last=Muparamoto |first=Nelson |date=11 November 2021 |title=LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml?language=en |journal=Africa Review |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=S1–S16 |doi=10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042 |s2cid=225237647 |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref> Bayan ta nemi mafaka a Burtaniya, ta jira shekaru biyu don a ba da bukatar ta. Goba ya bayyana jira a matsayin "lokacin yin sa kai ga kungiyoyi da yawa kuma ya kafa nata - Gay Afrika - don taimaka mini in sami wasu kamar ni da ke zaune a Burtaniya" <ref name="Cairns2017">{{Cite web |last=Cairns |first=Kay |date=15 January 2017 |title=Zim gay activist in the UK: Moud Goba – "Part gay but all human" |url=https://nehandaradio.com/2017/01/15/letter-zimbabwe-moud-goba-part-gay-human/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=Nehanda Radio |language=en}}</ref> == Yunkurin fafutuka == Goba na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''UK Black Pride''', wani taron alfahari na baƙaƙen masu rajin haƙƙin ‘yan luwadi a birnin London wanda ake gudanarwa tun shekarar 2005. <ref name="LGBTLeaders">{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://lgbtleaders.co.uk/speaker/moud-goba/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=LGBTLeaders.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce shugabar kwamitin daraktocin ƙungiyar.<ref name="Wylie20222">{{Cite news |last=Wylie |first=Melissa |date=6 December 2022 |title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 |access-date=20 July 2023 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Goba yana aiki a matsayin manajan aikin Micro Rainbow International, ƙungiyar agaji da ke tallafawa mutanen LGBTIQ+ marasa gida da ke neman mafaka.<ref name="Diva2023">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2023 |title=Meet the visionaries blazing a trail for LGBTQIA women and non-binary people |url=https://diva-magazine.com/2023/04/22/the-diva-power-list-2023-is-here/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=[[Diva (magazine)|Diva]] |language=en}}</ref> Goba yana aiki don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira a kan ƙwarewar aiki da kuma jagorantar aikin gidaje masu aminci na MRI, wanda ke da gidaje 25,000 marasa gida LGBTIQ + a kowace shekara. Goba yana mai da hankali kan 'yan gudun hijira da suka isa Burtaniya daga Afghanistan.<ref name="lesrencontreseconomiques">{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/en/speakers/moud-goba/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=[[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Goba ya kasance wani ɓangare na fareti don haƙƙin LGBTIQ+ a buɗe Wasannin Commonwealth a Filin wasa na Alexander a Birmingham, Ingila, tare da wasu masu fafutuka biyar da kuma mai nutsewa na Ingila [[Tom Daley]] . <ref name="NewZimbabwe2022">{{Cite web |date=31 July 2022 |title=Zimbabwean lesbian and refugee part of gay rights parade at Commonwealth Games opening |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwean-lesbian-and-refugee-part-of-gay-rights-parade-at-commonwealth-games-opening/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en}}</ref> Don hadin gwiwar da ta yi da kungiyoyin Burtaniya wajen taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ+, an haɗa Goba a cikin jerin masu gwagwarmayar Global Citizen a cikin 2023, tana mai cewa "ta kasance tabbas karfi ne don mai da hankali ga 2023".<ref name="Okunola2022">{{Cite web |last=Okunola |first=Akindare |date=16 December 2022 |title=18 Activists You Should Absolutely Look Out for in 2023 |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/activists-to-watch-in-2023/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=[[Global Citizen Festival|Global Citizen]] |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == A cikin 2015, The Independent ya kira Goba a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane 100 na LGBTIQ+ a Burtaniya saboda kwarewarta ta aiki tare da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBITY+. A cikin 2017, mujallar LGBT Attitude ta amince da taimakon Goba ga sauran 'yan gudun hijira ta hanyar girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Attitude Pride . <ref name="Attitude2017">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2017 |title=Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ "Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba"]. ''[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]]''. 7 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2022, an lissafa Goba a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 100 na BBC, suna godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar ga masu neman mafaka da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ +. A cikin 2023, Goba ya sami lambar yabo ta BET International ta Global Good Award don "ci gaba da wuraren tsaro na LGBTQ+ da haɗin gwiwar 'yan gudun hijira a cikin al'umma".<ref name="Ramachandran2023">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=20 June 2023 |title=LGBTQ+ Activist Moud Goba to be Honored With 2023 BET International Global Good Award (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/lgbtq-bet-international-global-good-award-moud-goba-1235649174 |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eaa82y173rc6uny038dqqkfazx50xng 839246 839244 2026-05-23T05:59:13Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341964775|Moud Goba]]" 839246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moud Goba''' mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ce ta LGBTIQ+ daga ƙasar Zimbabwe. Ita ‘yar gudun hijira ce a ƙasar Birtaniya, inda ta isa a matsayin matashiyar mai neman mafaka bayan ta tsere daga Zimbabwe sakamakon shekaru na tsangwama da muzgunawa saboda kasancewarta ‘yar madigo.<ref name="OpokuGyimah20222">{{Cite news |last=Opoku-Gyimah |first=Phyll |date=6 December 2022 |title=Lady Phyll shares powerful story of the 'Black, lesbian, warrior woman' who changed her life for good, Moud Goba |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2021/06/17/lady-phyll-moud-goba-queer-bible/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=[[PinkNews]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Goba ta girma ne a [[Harare|Harare, Zimbabwe]] . Ta tsere daga kasar a lokacin mulkin [[Robert Mugabe]], wanda ya ga cin zarafi da tsananta wa masu luwadi. <ref name="Attitude2017">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2017 |title=Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Muparamoto2021">{{Cite journal |last=Muparamoto |first=Nelson |date=11 November 2021 |title=LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml?language=en |journal=Africa Review |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=S1–S16 |doi=10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042 |s2cid=225237647 |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref> Bayan ta nemi mafaka a Burtaniya, ta jira shekaru biyu don a ba da bukatar ta. Goba ya bayyana jira a matsayin "lokacin yin sa kai ga kungiyoyi da yawa kuma ya kafa nata - Gay Afrika - don taimaka mini in sami wasu kamar ni da ke zaune a Burtaniya" <ref name="Cairns2017">{{Cite web |last=Cairns |first=Kay |date=15 January 2017 |title=Zim gay activist in the UK: Moud Goba – "Part gay but all human" |url=https://nehandaradio.com/2017/01/15/letter-zimbabwe-moud-goba-part-gay-human/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=Nehanda Radio |language=en}}</ref> == Yunkurin fafutuka == Goba na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''UK Black Pride''', wani taron alfahari na baƙaƙen masu rajin haƙƙin ‘yan luwadi a birnin London wanda ake gudanarwa tun shekarar 2005. <ref name="LGBTLeaders">{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://lgbtleaders.co.uk/speaker/moud-goba/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=LGBTLeaders.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce shugabar kwamitin daraktocin ƙungiyar.<ref name="Wylie20222">{{Cite news |last=Wylie |first=Melissa |date=6 December 2022 |title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 |access-date=20 July 2023 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Goba yana aiki a matsayin manajan aikin Micro Rainbow International, ƙungiyar agaji da ke tallafawa mutanen LGBTIQ+ marasa gida da ke neman mafaka.<ref name="Diva2023">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2023 |title=Meet the visionaries blazing a trail for LGBTQIA women and non-binary people |url=https://diva-magazine.com/2023/04/22/the-diva-power-list-2023-is-here/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=[[Diva (magazine)|Diva]] |language=en}}</ref> Goba yana aiki don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira a kan ƙwarewar aiki da kuma jagorantar aikin gidaje masu aminci na MRI, wanda ke da gidaje 25,000 marasa gida LGBTIQ + a kowace shekara. Goba yana mai da hankali kan 'yan gudun hijira da suka isa Burtaniya daga Afghanistan.<ref name="lesrencontreseconomiques">{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/en/speakers/moud-goba/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=[[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Goba ya kasance wani ɓangare na fareti don haƙƙin LGBTIQ+ a buɗe Wasannin Commonwealth a Filin wasa na Alexander a Birmingham, Ingila, tare da wasu masu fafutuka biyar da kuma mai nutsewa na Ingila [[Tom Daley]] . <ref name="NewZimbabwe2022">{{Cite web |date=31 July 2022 |title=Zimbabwean lesbian and refugee part of gay rights parade at Commonwealth Games opening |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwean-lesbian-and-refugee-part-of-gay-rights-parade-at-commonwealth-games-opening/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en}}</ref> Don hadin gwiwar da ta yi da kungiyoyin Burtaniya wajen taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ+, an haɗa Goba a cikin jerin masu gwagwarmayar Global Citizen a cikin 2023, tana mai cewa "ta kasance tabbas karfi ne don mai da hankali ga 2023".<ref name="Okunola2022">{{Cite web |last=Okunola |first=Akindare |date=16 December 2022 |title=18 Activists You Should Absolutely Look Out for in 2023 |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/activists-to-watch-in-2023/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=[[Global Citizen Festival|Global Citizen]] |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == A cikin 2015, The Independent ya kira Goba a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane 100 na LGBTIQ+ a Burtaniya saboda kwarewarta ta aiki tare da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBITY+. A cikin 2017, mujallar LGBT Attitude ta amince da taimakon Goba ga sauran 'yan gudun hijira ta hanyar girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Attitude Pride . <ref name="Attitude2017">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2017 |title=Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ "Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba"]. ''[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]]''. 7 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2022, an lissafa Goba a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 100 na BBC, suna godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar ga masu neman mafaka da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ +. A cikin 2023, Goba ya sami lambar yabo ta BET International ta Global Good Award don "ci gaba da wuraren tsaro na LGBTQ+ da haɗin gwiwar 'yan gudun hijira a cikin al'umma".<ref name="Ramachandran2023">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=20 June 2023 |title=LGBTQ+ Activist Moud Goba to be Honored With 2023 BET International Global Good Award (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/lgbtq-bet-international-global-good-award-moud-goba-1235649174 |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oyeftm70h7g7nyj99pkh158lqrwawgg 839247 839246 2026-05-23T06:00:43Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Moud Goba | honorific_suffix = | image = <!-- just the name, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] --> | image_size = | alt = | caption = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Harare|Harare, Zimbabwe]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | citizenship = | alma_mater = | education = | occupation = | organisation = {{ubl|Micro Rainbow International|Gay Afrika|[[UK Black Pride]]}} | years_active = | employer = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | title = | party = | movement = | boards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = | awards = {{plainlist| *[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] Pride Award (2017) *[[100 Women (BBC)|BBC 100 Women]] (2022) *[[BET International|BET International's]] Global Good Award (2023) }} | website = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} '''Moud Goba''' mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ce ta LGBTIQ+ daga ƙasar Zimbabwe. Ita ‘yar gudun hijira ce a ƙasar Birtaniya, inda ta isa a matsayin matashiyar mai neman mafaka bayan ta tsere daga Zimbabwe sakamakon shekaru na tsangwama da muzgunawa saboda kasancewarta ‘yar madigo.<ref name="OpokuGyimah20222">{{Cite news |last=Opoku-Gyimah |first=Phyll |date=6 December 2022 |title=Lady Phyll shares powerful story of the 'Black, lesbian, warrior woman' who changed her life for good, Moud Goba |url=https://www.thepinknews.com/2021/06/17/lady-phyll-moud-goba-queer-bible/ |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=[[PinkNews]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Goba ta girma ne a [[Harare|Harare, Zimbabwe]] . Ta tsere daga kasar a lokacin mulkin [[Robert Mugabe]], wanda ya ga cin zarafi da tsananta wa masu luwadi. <ref name="Attitude2017">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2017 |title=Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Muparamoto2021">{{Cite journal |last=Muparamoto |first=Nelson |date=11 November 2021 |title=LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml?language=en |journal=Africa Review |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=S1–S16 |doi=10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042 |s2cid=225237647 |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref> Bayan ta nemi mafaka a Burtaniya, ta jira shekaru biyu don a ba da bukatar ta. Goba ya bayyana jira a matsayin "lokacin yin sa kai ga kungiyoyi da yawa kuma ya kafa nata - Gay Afrika - don taimaka mini in sami wasu kamar ni da ke zaune a Burtaniya" <ref name="Cairns2017">{{Cite web |last=Cairns |first=Kay |date=15 January 2017 |title=Zim gay activist in the UK: Moud Goba – "Part gay but all human" |url=https://nehandaradio.com/2017/01/15/letter-zimbabwe-moud-goba-part-gay-human/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=Nehanda Radio |language=en}}</ref> == Yunkurin fafutuka == Goba na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa '''UK Black Pride''', wani taron alfahari na baƙaƙen masu rajin haƙƙin ‘yan luwadi a birnin London wanda ake gudanarwa tun shekarar 2005. <ref name="LGBTLeaders">{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://lgbtleaders.co.uk/speaker/moud-goba/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=LGBTLeaders.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce shugabar kwamitin daraktocin ƙungiyar.<ref name="Wylie20222">{{Cite news |last=Wylie |first=Melissa |date=6 December 2022 |title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 |access-date=20 July 2023 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Goba yana aiki a matsayin manajan aikin Micro Rainbow International, ƙungiyar agaji da ke tallafawa mutanen LGBTIQ+ marasa gida da ke neman mafaka.<ref name="Diva2023">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2023 |title=Meet the visionaries blazing a trail for LGBTQIA women and non-binary people |url=https://diva-magazine.com/2023/04/22/the-diva-power-list-2023-is-here/ |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=[[Diva (magazine)|Diva]] |language=en}}</ref> Goba yana aiki don taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira a kan ƙwarewar aiki da kuma jagorantar aikin gidaje masu aminci na MRI, wanda ke da gidaje 25,000 marasa gida LGBTIQ + a kowace shekara. Goba yana mai da hankali kan 'yan gudun hijira da suka isa Burtaniya daga Afghanistan.<ref name="lesrencontreseconomiques">{{Cite web |title=Moud Goba |url=https://www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/en/speakers/moud-goba/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=[[Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Goba ya kasance wani ɓangare na fareti don haƙƙin LGBTIQ+ a buɗe Wasannin Commonwealth a Filin wasa na Alexander a Birmingham, Ingila, tare da wasu masu fafutuka biyar da kuma mai nutsewa na Ingila [[Tom Daley]] . <ref name="NewZimbabwe2022">{{Cite web |date=31 July 2022 |title=Zimbabwean lesbian and refugee part of gay rights parade at Commonwealth Games opening |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwean-lesbian-and-refugee-part-of-gay-rights-parade-at-commonwealth-games-opening/ |access-date=25 July 2023 |website=NewZimbabwe.com |language=en}}</ref> Don hadin gwiwar da ta yi da kungiyoyin Burtaniya wajen taimakawa 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ+, an haɗa Goba a cikin jerin masu gwagwarmayar Global Citizen a cikin 2023, tana mai cewa "ta kasance tabbas karfi ne don mai da hankali ga 2023".<ref name="Okunola2022">{{Cite web |last=Okunola |first=Akindare |date=16 December 2022 |title=18 Activists You Should Absolutely Look Out for in 2023 |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/activists-to-watch-in-2023/ |access-date=24 July 2023 |website=[[Global Citizen Festival|Global Citizen]] |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == A cikin 2015, The Independent ya kira Goba a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mutane 100 na LGBTIQ+ a Burtaniya saboda kwarewarta ta aiki tare da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBITY+. A cikin 2017, mujallar LGBT Attitude ta amince da taimakon Goba ga sauran 'yan gudun hijira ta hanyar girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Attitude Pride . <ref name="Attitude2017">{{Cite web |date=7 September 2017 |title=Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba |url=https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ "Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba"]. ''[[Attitude (magazine)|Attitude]]''. 7 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2022, an lissafa Goba a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Mata 100 na BBC, suna godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar ga masu neman mafaka da 'yan gudun hijira na LGBTIQ +. A cikin 2023, Goba ya sami lambar yabo ta BET International ta Global Good Award don "ci gaba da wuraren tsaro na LGBTQ+ da haɗin gwiwar 'yan gudun hijira a cikin al'umma".<ref name="Ramachandran2023">{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=20 June 2023 |title=LGBTQ+ Activist Moud Goba to be Honored With 2023 BET International Global Good Award (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/lgbtq-bet-international-global-good-award-moud-goba-1235649174 |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3i1q10xne7wxf8mvo1zq8scdtvcomh9 0 148200 839248 822131 2026-05-23T06:08:45Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349004157|Letty Chiwara]]" 839248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letty Chiwara''' (an haife ta a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1967) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Letty Chiwara |url=https://find-ad-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/qO3mGNrHZDOZLB8YhhaaSsqUea0/appointments |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Gov.uk}}</ref> jami'ar Zimbabue ce ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin]] Ƙungiya . Ita ce Wakilin Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Malawi, [[Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka]], da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkinobho don Afirka, matsayin da ta ɗauka a watan Mayu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Women Representative in Malawi |url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/eastern-and-southern-africa/malawi/malawi-representative |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=UN Women}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Leadership Journeys ONE Story |url=http://letty.3leadershipjourneysonestory.com/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=letty.3leadershipjourneysonestory.com}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a matsayin Wakilin Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Ta kasance UNIFEM da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Shugabar Mata ta Afirka na tsawon shekaru 12, tana zaune a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], Amurka. Chiwara ta jagoranci hadin gwiwar dabarun mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tare da kungiyoyi da yawa, gami da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Bankin Duniya, OECD DAG Gender Net, FEMNET, YWCA, Hukumar Tarayyen Afirka, UNECA, da Bankin Raya Afirka. <ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Letty Chiwara ta girma ne a cikin al'ummar noma a Zimbabwe tare da 'yan uwa takwas, inda' yan mata galibi ke samun damar ilimi da kulawa ta fi dacewa. Koyaya, iyayenta sun saba wa waɗannan ƙa'idodi kuma sun tura ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]].<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara "ATLAS: Letty Chiwara"]. ''ATLAS''. 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> Chiwara tana ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas: 'yan mata biyar da maza uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> Iyayenta manoma ne na karkara waɗanda suka ƙi al'adar yankin na ilimantar da yara maza kawai, kuma suka tura dukkan yaransu zuwa makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> Ta halarci makarantar kwana ta Katolika mai tsada wacce ta yaba da kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> Dukkanin digiri na farko na Arts da Master of Philosophy sun kasance a cikin Social and Political Theory, daga Jami'ar Kwa-Zulu Natal da Jami'ar Cambridge bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiona Lortan |url=https://www.atmis-au.org/fiona-lortan/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)}}</ref> A Jami'ar London, ta dauki darasi na jinsi wanda masanin mata Caroline Moser ya koyar wanda "ya buɗe idanuna" kuma ya jagoranci ta shiga cikin motsi don canza al'adu da al'adun gargajiya waɗanda ke riƙe da mata da 'yan mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Chiwara ta yi aiki a ƙasarta ta Zimbabwe a matsayin jami’ar tsara birane a yankin Matabeleland South da ke Harare na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Yayin da take wannan aiki, ta samu tallafin karatu domin yin digirin digirgir na biyu (master’s degree) a fannin Tsare-tsaren Ci gaban Birane a Jami’ar London. Wani kwas na nazarin jinsi da ta yi a lokacin karatunta ne ya ƙarfafa mata gwiwar magance rashin daidaito a cikin al’umma.<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara "ATLAS: Letty Chiwara"]. ''ATLAS''. 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> Bayan dawowa gida don cika bukatun aikinta na tallafin karatu, Chiwara ta yi murabus daga aikinta na gwamnati. Bayan watanni takwas, an hayar ta a matsayin mai ba da shawara tare da UNIFEM a [[Harare]]. Wannan aikin farko ya haɗa da kawo mata daga Kudancin Afirka zuwa baje kolin kasuwanci. Yanzu tana da matsayi na jagoranci tare da Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Ƙungiya a Habasha, inda take aiki tare da Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkinobho ta Afirka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team in Malawi |url=https://malawi.un.org/en/about/our-team |website=malawi.un.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women, Peace and Security in Africa |url=https://www.policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/BIOGRAPHIES-APSACO-2021-final.pdf |website=policycenter.ma}}</ref> Ta jagoranci Yakin hada kan Afirka kan tashin hankali a kan mata da 'yan mata kuma a halin yanzu tana jagorantar kokarin bunkasa wani shiri da aka mayar da hankali kan kawo karshen ayyukan cutarwa da auren yara a Afirka.<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara "ATLAS: Letty Chiwara"]. ''ATLAS''. 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] epbwl1u7gexwvjbxb376h48y16bb0gb 839249 839248 2026-05-23T06:09:27Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Letty Chiwara | image = Letty Chiwara Forum Session - High Level Panel .jpg | birth_date = February 1967 | birth_place = Zimbabwe, Africa | citizenship = Zimbabwe | occupation = {{ubl|UN official|Consultant}} | known_for = Leadership in UN Women and gender equality advocacy in Africa | employer = UN Women; United Nations | office = UN Women Representative in Malawi | organizations = United Nations; UN Women; African Union Commission; United Nations Economic Commission for Africa | education = University of KwaZulu-Natal (BA); University of Cambridge (MPhil); University of London }} '''Letty Chiwara''' (an haife ta a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1967) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Letty Chiwara |url=https://find-ad-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/qO3mGNrHZDOZLB8YhhaaSsqUea0/appointments |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=Gov.uk}}</ref> jami'ar Zimbabue ce ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin]] Ƙungiya . Ita ce Wakilin Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Malawi, [[Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka]], da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkinobho don Afirka, matsayin da ta ɗauka a watan Mayu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Women Representative in Malawi |url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/where-we-are/eastern-and-southern-africa/malawi/malawi-representative |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=UN Women}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=3 Leadership Journeys ONE Story |url=http://letty.3leadershipjourneysonestory.com/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=letty.3leadershipjourneysonestory.com}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a matsayin Wakilin Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a [[Itofiya|Habasha]] . Ta kasance UNIFEM da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Shugabar Mata ta Afirka na tsawon shekaru 12, tana zaune a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], Amurka. Chiwara ta jagoranci hadin gwiwar dabarun mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tare da kungiyoyi da yawa, gami da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, Bankin Duniya, OECD DAG Gender Net, FEMNET, YWCA, Hukumar Tarayyen Afirka, UNECA, da Bankin Raya Afirka. <ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Letty Chiwara ta girma ne a cikin al'ummar noma a Zimbabwe tare da 'yan uwa takwas, inda' yan mata galibi ke samun damar ilimi da kulawa ta fi dacewa. Koyaya, iyayenta sun saba wa waɗannan ƙa'idodi kuma sun tura ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]].<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara "ATLAS: Letty Chiwara"]. ''ATLAS''. 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> Chiwara tana ɗaya daga cikin yara takwas: 'yan mata biyar da maza uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> Iyayenta manoma ne na karkara waɗanda suka ƙi al'adar yankin na ilimantar da yara maza kawai, kuma suka tura dukkan yaransu zuwa makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> Ta halarci makarantar kwana ta Katolika mai tsada wacce ta yaba da kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> Dukkanin digiri na farko na Arts da Master of Philosophy sun kasance a cikin Social and Political Theory, daga Jami'ar Kwa-Zulu Natal da Jami'ar Cambridge bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiona Lortan |url=https://www.atmis-au.org/fiona-lortan/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS)}}</ref> A Jami'ar London, ta dauki darasi na jinsi wanda masanin mata Caroline Moser ya koyar wanda "ya buɗe idanuna" kuma ya jagoranci ta shiga cikin motsi don canza al'adu da al'adun gargajiya waɗanda ke riƙe da mata da 'yan mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profile/atlas-letty-chiwara/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=ATLAS}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Chiwara ta yi aiki a ƙasarta ta Zimbabwe a matsayin jami’ar tsara birane a yankin Matabeleland South da ke Harare na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Yayin da take wannan aiki, ta samu tallafin karatu domin yin digirin digirgir na biyu (master’s degree) a fannin Tsare-tsaren Ci gaban Birane a Jami’ar London. Wani kwas na nazarin jinsi da ta yi a lokacin karatunta ne ya ƙarfafa mata gwiwar magance rashin daidaito a cikin al’umma.<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara "ATLAS: Letty Chiwara"]. ''ATLAS''. 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> Bayan dawowa gida don cika bukatun aikinta na tallafin karatu, Chiwara ta yi murabus daga aikinta na gwamnati. Bayan watanni takwas, an hayar ta a matsayin mai ba da shawara tare da UNIFEM a [[Harare]]. Wannan aikin farko ya haɗa da kawo mata daga Kudancin Afirka zuwa baje kolin kasuwanci. Yanzu tana da matsayi na jagoranci tare da Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Ƙungiya a Habasha, inda take aiki tare da Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Majalisar Dinkinobho ta Afirka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team in Malawi |url=https://malawi.un.org/en/about/our-team |website=malawi.un.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Women, Peace and Security in Africa |url=https://www.policycenter.ma/sites/default/files/BIOGRAPHIES-APSACO-2021-final.pdf |website=policycenter.ma}}</ref> Ta jagoranci Yakin hada kan Afirka kan tashin hankali a kan mata da 'yan mata kuma a halin yanzu tana jagorantar kokarin bunkasa wani shiri da aka mayar da hankali kan kawo karshen ayyukan cutarwa da auren yara a Afirka.<ref name="atlas">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-07 |title=ATLAS: Letty Chiwara |url=https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=ATLAS |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.atlaswomen.org/profiles/2020/1/7/letty-chiwara "ATLAS: Letty Chiwara"]. ''ATLAS''. 2020-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] h6x0w4f2pcszg7ap3114f0e2s5vl47s 0 148202 839252 822134 2026-05-23T06:24:25Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349010162|Theresa Nyava]]" 839252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theresa Farai Nyava-Machadu''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1991) ‘yar gwagwarmaya ce daga ƙasar Zimbabwe wadda ke fafutukar yaƙi da talaucin kayan tsaftar al’ada ga mata. Nyava ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe Trust, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke taimakawa wajen yaƙi da wariya da kyamar al’adar jinin wata-wata, tare da hana ‘yan mata daga yankunan karkara barin makaranta saboda rashin samun [[Tsabtar mata|kayayyakin tsabta]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === Nyava ta girma ne a Gundumar Zvimba ta Zimbabwe a Mashonaland West . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ndondo |first=Joseph |date=2021-05-15 |title=Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=IVolunteer International |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na ɗaya a cikin iyali na 15, wanda 7 'yan mata ne da ke buƙatar kayan tsabta, Nyava da kanta ta fuskanci talauci a gidanta tun tana yarinya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Theresa Machadu takes lead in empowering Zimbabwean Women – ESG Network Zimbabwe |url=https://esgnetworkzimbabwe.co.zw/theresa-machadu-takes-lead-in-empowering-zimbabwean-women/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> A Zimbabwe, yanayinta ba sabon abu ba ne, saboda yawancin 'yan mata ba su da damar samun kayayyakin tsabta. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-24 |title=From dirty rags to drugs – period poverty in Zimbabwe is driving women to desperate measures |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/period-poverty-zimbabwe-womem-drugs-pain-relief-harare-streets-a8788296.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Nyava-Machadu ta gano cewa yaduwar talauci na zamani yana da tasiri sosai a kan sakamakon ilimi ga 'yan mata, waɗanda za su sami kansu cikin mawuyacin hali ba tare da samun damar samar da kayayyakin tsabta ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-02-24 |title=Dirty rags and drugs: Period poverty in Zimbabwe driving women to desperate measures |url=https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/dirty-rags-and-drugs-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe-driving-women-to-desperate-measures/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Zimbabwe Situation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-24 |title=From dirty rags to drugs – period poverty in Zimbabwe is driving women to desperate measures |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/period-poverty-zimbabwe-womem-drugs-pain-relief-harare-streets-a8788296.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Independent |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/period-poverty-zimbabwe-womem-drugs-pain-relief-harare-streets-a8788296.html "From dirty rags to drugs – period poverty in Zimbabwe is driving women to desperate measures"]. ''The Independent''. 2019-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Nyava-Machadu ya lura,<blockquote>"Sau da yawa ana dariya da 'yan mata lokacin da suka lalata kayan makaranta ko kujerar makaranta, ko kuma lokacin da suke tafiya ba tare da la'akari ba saboda amfani da abubuwan da ba su dace ba da kuma abubuwan da ba sa dacewa da su dace kamar rags, naman shanu, kuna kiransa. ”<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Zenda |first=Cyril |title=Sanitary wear program for rural schoolgirls in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.fairplanet.org/story/zimbabwe-free-sanitary-wear-program-for-rural-schoolgirls/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=FairPlanet |language=en}}</ref></blockquote> === Taimako na Kiwon Lafiya Zimbabwe === A cikin 2016, ta kafa Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe tare da ajiyarta, a kokarin yin ƙarin don hana wasu 'yan mata fuskantar irin kalubalen da ta yi girma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ndondo |first=Joseph |date=2021-05-15 |title=Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=IVolunteer International |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNdondo2021">Ndondo, Joseph (2021-05-15). [https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ "Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe"]. ''IVolunteer International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Theresa Nyava |url=https://www.giraffe.org/theresa-nyava |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.giraffe.org |language=en}}</ref> Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe kungiya ce mai ba da agaji wacce ke taimakawa wajen rarraba kayayyakin lokaci ga 'yan mata da mata masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-10-12 |title=Underprivileged girls receive sanitary kits |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/underprivileged-girls-receive-sanitary-kits-2/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, kungiyar tana aiki tare da makarantu don taimakawa wajen ilimantar da matasa game da haila da lafiya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Theresa Machadu takes lead in empowering Zimbabwean Women – ESG Network Zimbabwe |url=https://esgnetworkzimbabwe.co.zw/theresa-machadu-takes-lead-in-empowering-zimbabwean-women/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://esgnetworkzimbabwe.co.zw/theresa-machadu-takes-lead-in-empowering-zimbabwean-women/ "Theresa Machadu takes lead in empowering Zimbabwean Women – ESG Network Zimbabwe"]. 2022-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2019, Nyava-Machadu ya taimaka wajen bunkasa wani tsabtace muhalli wanda ya lashe matsayi na uku a gasar kasuwanci ta FemBioBiz. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Zim women shine in regional competition |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/2-zim-women-shine-in-regional-competition/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Ta hanyar Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe, Nyava-Machadu ta kuma yi aiki don yin kira ga gwamnatin Zimbabwe don rarraba kudade don tallafawa kayayyakin tsabta ga 'yan mata, da kuma cire shingen haraji ga kayayyakin haila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngwenya |first=Lungile |date=2018-11-09 |title=Sanitary wear: Activists push for free provision - #Asakhe - CITE |url=https://cite.org.zw/sanitary-wear-activists-push-for-free-provision/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-12-30 |title=Government urged to promote menstrual care for rural girls |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/government-urged-to-promote-menstrual-care-for-rural-girls/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khupe |first=Abigirl |date=2019-03-15 |title=Women groups lament continued taxation of sanitary products - #Asakhe - CITE |url=https://cite.org.zw/women-groups-lament-continued-taxation-of-sanitary-products/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2019, gwamnati ta zartar da kasafin kudin ta na farko a bayyane wanda ya tsara kayayyakin lokacin makarantu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Zenda |first=Cyril |title=Sanitary wear program for rural schoolgirls in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.fairplanet.org/story/zimbabwe-free-sanitary-wear-program-for-rural-schoolgirls/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=FairPlanet |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZenda">Zenda, Cyril. [https://www.fairplanet.org/story/zimbabwe-free-sanitary-wear-program-for-rural-schoolgirls/ "Sanitary wear program for rural schoolgirls in Zimbabwe"]. ''FairPlanet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin da ba a ba da tanadi kan kayayyakin tsabta a cikin kasafin kuɗi na gaba ba, Nyava-Machadu ya amsa ta hanyar kiran gwamnati don aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=August 2, 2022 |title=‘Mthuli Ncube has failed us’ |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/16042/mthuli-ncube-has-failed-us |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ZimSitRep_M |date=2022-10-20 |title=Government urged to implement free sanitary pads at school promises |url=https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/government-urged-to-implement-free-sanitary-pads-at-school-promises/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Zimbabwe Situation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Fresh fight against period poverty {{!}} Business Times |url=https://businesstimes.co.zw/fresh-fight-against-period-poverty/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=businesstimes.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Heads must roll over students’ missing sanitary wear |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/editorials/article/200002983/heads-must-roll-over-students-missing-sanitary-wear |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref> Baya ga aikinta na lobbying gwamnati, Nyava-Machadu a kai a kai tana wayar da kan jama'a game da talauci na lokaci a cikin manema labarai ta hanyar ginshiƙai na yau da kullun a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-05-02 |title=Theresa Nyava: Worsening period poverty in Zimbabwe calls for urgent action |url=https://nehandaradio.com/2019/05/02/theresa-nyava-worsening-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe-calls-for-urgent-action/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Nehanda Radio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-07-04 |title=Time for concrete action to end period poverty |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/time-for-concrete-action-to-end-period-poverty/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 2019 - Kyautar Power, Together, Taron Duniya na Mata a Taron Duniya ya Reykjavík . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ndondo |first=Joseph |date=2021-05-15 |title=Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=IVolunteer International |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNdondo2021">Ndondo, Joseph (2021-05-15). [https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ "Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe"]. ''IVolunteer International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> * 2022 - Kyautar Duniya ta Bambanci, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAZT Founder Machadu Wins International Award for ... |url=https://zimbabwenow.co.zw/articles/1062/sazt-founder-machadu-wins-international-award-for-fight-for-the-dignity-of-the-girl-child |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=zimbabwenow.co.zw}}</ref> * 2022 - Kyautar Jarumi ta gaba, Kyautar Matasa ta Ignite <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=Ignite Youth Awards 2022 Complete Winners List |url=https://zimbuzz.co.zw/2022/12/21/ignite-youth-awards-2022-complete-winners-list/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=ZIMBUZZ |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Gudanar da tsabtace haila]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] ialx128zflp7x3bdr9gpox1mdq5tz5q 839253 839252 2026-05-23T06:25:14Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Theresa Farai Nyava-Machadu | birth_date = 1991 | birth_place = [[Zvimba District, Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe]] | citizenship = Zimbabwean | occupation = Activist | known_for = Campaigning against period poverty | title = Founder of Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe Trust | organizations = Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe Trust | years_active = 2016–present | notable_works = Advocacy for menstrual health and education | awards = Power, Together Award (2019); World of Difference Award (2022); Frontline Hero Award (2022) }} '''Theresa Farai Nyava-Machadu''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1991) ‘yar gwagwarmaya ce daga ƙasar Zimbabwe wadda ke fafutukar yaƙi da talaucin kayan tsaftar al’ada ga mata. Nyava ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe Trust, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta da ke taimakawa wajen yaƙi da wariya da kyamar al’adar jinin wata-wata, tare da hana ‘yan mata daga yankunan karkara barin makaranta saboda rashin samun [[Tsabtar mata|kayayyakin tsabta]]. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === Nyava ta girma ne a Gundumar Zvimba ta Zimbabwe a Mashonaland West . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ndondo |first=Joseph |date=2021-05-15 |title=Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=IVolunteer International |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na ɗaya a cikin iyali na 15, wanda 7 'yan mata ne da ke buƙatar kayan tsabta, Nyava da kanta ta fuskanci talauci a gidanta tun tana yarinya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Theresa Machadu takes lead in empowering Zimbabwean Women – ESG Network Zimbabwe |url=https://esgnetworkzimbabwe.co.zw/theresa-machadu-takes-lead-in-empowering-zimbabwean-women/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> A Zimbabwe, yanayinta ba sabon abu ba ne, saboda yawancin 'yan mata ba su da damar samun kayayyakin tsabta. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-24 |title=From dirty rags to drugs – period poverty in Zimbabwe is driving women to desperate measures |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/period-poverty-zimbabwe-womem-drugs-pain-relief-harare-streets-a8788296.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Nyava-Machadu ta gano cewa yaduwar talauci na zamani yana da tasiri sosai a kan sakamakon ilimi ga 'yan mata, waɗanda za su sami kansu cikin mawuyacin hali ba tare da samun damar samar da kayayyakin tsabta ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-02-24 |title=Dirty rags and drugs: Period poverty in Zimbabwe driving women to desperate measures |url=https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/dirty-rags-and-drugs-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe-driving-women-to-desperate-measures/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Zimbabwe Situation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-02-24 |title=From dirty rags to drugs – period poverty in Zimbabwe is driving women to desperate measures |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/period-poverty-zimbabwe-womem-drugs-pain-relief-harare-streets-a8788296.html |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Independent |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/period-poverty-zimbabwe-womem-drugs-pain-relief-harare-streets-a8788296.html "From dirty rags to drugs – period poverty in Zimbabwe is driving women to desperate measures"]. ''The Independent''. 2019-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Nyava-Machadu ya lura,<blockquote>"Sau da yawa ana dariya da 'yan mata lokacin da suka lalata kayan makaranta ko kujerar makaranta, ko kuma lokacin da suke tafiya ba tare da la'akari ba saboda amfani da abubuwan da ba su dace ba da kuma abubuwan da ba sa dacewa da su dace kamar rags, naman shanu, kuna kiransa. ”<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Zenda |first=Cyril |title=Sanitary wear program for rural schoolgirls in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.fairplanet.org/story/zimbabwe-free-sanitary-wear-program-for-rural-schoolgirls/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=FairPlanet |language=en}}</ref></blockquote> === Taimako na Kiwon Lafiya Zimbabwe === A cikin 2016, ta kafa Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe tare da ajiyarta, a kokarin yin ƙarin don hana wasu 'yan mata fuskantar irin kalubalen da ta yi girma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ndondo |first=Joseph |date=2021-05-15 |title=Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=IVolunteer International |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNdondo2021">Ndondo, Joseph (2021-05-15). [https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ "Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe"]. ''IVolunteer International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Theresa Nyava |url=https://www.giraffe.org/theresa-nyava |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.giraffe.org |language=en}}</ref> Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe kungiya ce mai ba da agaji wacce ke taimakawa wajen rarraba kayayyakin lokaci ga 'yan mata da mata masu bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-10-12 |title=Underprivileged girls receive sanitary kits |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/underprivileged-girls-receive-sanitary-kits-2/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, kungiyar tana aiki tare da makarantu don taimakawa wajen ilimantar da matasa game da haila da lafiya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-03 |title=Theresa Machadu takes lead in empowering Zimbabwean Women – ESG Network Zimbabwe |url=https://esgnetworkzimbabwe.co.zw/theresa-machadu-takes-lead-in-empowering-zimbabwean-women/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://esgnetworkzimbabwe.co.zw/theresa-machadu-takes-lead-in-empowering-zimbabwean-women/ "Theresa Machadu takes lead in empowering Zimbabwean Women – ESG Network Zimbabwe"]. 2022-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> A cikin 2019, Nyava-Machadu ya taimaka wajen bunkasa wani tsabtace muhalli wanda ya lashe matsayi na uku a gasar kasuwanci ta FemBioBiz. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2 Zim women shine in regional competition |url=https://www.herald.co.zw/2-zim-women-shine-in-regional-competition/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> === Gudanarwa === Ta hanyar Sanitary Aid Zimbabwe, Nyava-Machadu ta kuma yi aiki don yin kira ga gwamnatin Zimbabwe don rarraba kudade don tallafawa kayayyakin tsabta ga 'yan mata, da kuma cire shingen haraji ga kayayyakin haila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngwenya |first=Lungile |date=2018-11-09 |title=Sanitary wear: Activists push for free provision - #Asakhe - CITE |url=https://cite.org.zw/sanitary-wear-activists-push-for-free-provision/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-12-30 |title=Government urged to promote menstrual care for rural girls |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/government-urged-to-promote-menstrual-care-for-rural-girls/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khupe |first=Abigirl |date=2019-03-15 |title=Women groups lament continued taxation of sanitary products - #Asakhe - CITE |url=https://cite.org.zw/women-groups-lament-continued-taxation-of-sanitary-products/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2019, gwamnati ta zartar da kasafin kudin ta na farko a bayyane wanda ya tsara kayayyakin lokacin makarantu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Zenda |first=Cyril |title=Sanitary wear program for rural schoolgirls in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.fairplanet.org/story/zimbabwe-free-sanitary-wear-program-for-rural-schoolgirls/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=FairPlanet |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFZenda">Zenda, Cyril. [https://www.fairplanet.org/story/zimbabwe-free-sanitary-wear-program-for-rural-schoolgirls/ "Sanitary wear program for rural schoolgirls in Zimbabwe"]. ''FairPlanet''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> Lokacin da ba a ba da tanadi kan kayayyakin tsabta a cikin kasafin kuɗi na gaba ba, Nyava-Machadu ya amsa ta hanyar kiran gwamnati don aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=August 2, 2022 |title=‘Mthuli Ncube has failed us’ |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/16042/mthuli-ncube-has-failed-us |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ZimSitRep_M |date=2022-10-20 |title=Government urged to implement free sanitary pads at school promises |url=https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/government-urged-to-implement-free-sanitary-pads-at-school-promises/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Zimbabwe Situation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Fresh fight against period poverty {{!}} Business Times |url=https://businesstimes.co.zw/fresh-fight-against-period-poverty/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=businesstimes.co.zw |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Heads must roll over students’ missing sanitary wear |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/editorials/article/200002983/heads-must-roll-over-students-missing-sanitary-wear |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=NewsDay |language=en}}</ref> Baya ga aikinta na lobbying gwamnati, Nyava-Machadu a kai a kai tana wayar da kan jama'a game da talauci na lokaci a cikin manema labarai ta hanyar ginshiƙai na yau da kullun a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-05-02 |title=Theresa Nyava: Worsening period poverty in Zimbabwe calls for urgent action |url=https://nehandaradio.com/2019/05/02/theresa-nyava-worsening-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe-calls-for-urgent-action/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Nehanda Radio |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-07-04 |title=Time for concrete action to end period poverty |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/time-for-concrete-action-to-end-period-poverty/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The Chronicle |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 2019 - Kyautar Power, Together, Taron Duniya na Mata a Taron Duniya ya Reykjavík . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ndondo |first=Joseph |date=2021-05-15 |title=Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=IVolunteer International |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNdondo2021">Ndondo, Joseph (2021-05-15). [https://www.ivint.org/theresa-nyava-a-brave-lady-fighting-period-poverty-in-zimbabwe/ "Theresa Nyava: A brave lady fighting period poverty in Zimbabwe"]. ''IVolunteer International''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> * 2022 - Kyautar Duniya ta Bambanci, Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SAZT Founder Machadu Wins International Award for ... |url=https://zimbabwenow.co.zw/articles/1062/sazt-founder-machadu-wins-international-award-for-fight-for-the-dignity-of-the-girl-child |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=zimbabwenow.co.zw}}</ref> * 2022 - Kyautar Jarumi ta gaba, Kyautar Matasa ta Ignite <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-21 |title=Ignite Youth Awards 2022 Complete Winners List |url=https://zimbuzz.co.zw/2022/12/21/ignite-youth-awards-2022-complete-winners-list/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=ZIMBUZZ |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Gudanar da tsabtace haila]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] dg9xug0foqt2qhcatvykters3rwje23 0 148204 839241 826138 2026-05-23T05:45:33Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355464951|Cecilia Chimbiri]]" 839241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cecilia Chimbiri''' mai fafutukar dimokuraɗiyya ce kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam daga ƙasar Zimbabwe. Ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin shugabar matasa ta riƙo a jam’iyyar MDC Alliance. Haka kuma memba ce ta jam’iyyar Citizens Coalition for Change ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nelson Chamisa. == Ayyuka == A shekarar 2009, Cecillia Chimbiri ta yi aiki a gwamnatin haɗin kai ta ƙasa (Government of National Unity) a matsayin mataimakiyar yaɗa labarai ga mataimakin firaminista Farfesa Arthur Mutambara. An nada ta a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki wanda Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki na Tsarin Mulki (COPAC) ke gudanarwa a matsayin Rapporteur har zuwa matakin rubuce-rubuce a matsayin Mataimakin Fasaha. A matakin raba gardama na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 2013 ta kasance mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo don Vote Yes for the People Driven Constitution by (Copac). An nada Cecillia Chimbiri a matsayin Jami'in Hulɗa na Siyasa ga Kwamitin Kulawa da Aiwatarwa na hadin gwiwa (JOMIC) a Mashonaland Central Provincial wakiltar MDC. JOMIC wani kwamitin jam'iyyun Zimbabwe ne wanda aka fara kaddamarwa a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, bisa ga yarjejeniyar raba wutar lantarki ta Zimbabwe ta shekara ta 2008. Cecillia Chimbiri an jera ta a cikin bayanan mata na Forum 2000 a matsayin memba na kwamitin masana kan haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ke bin abin da tsohon shugaban Czech Václav Havel ya gada kuma yana tallafawa dabi'un dimokuradiyya da girmama haƙƙin ɗanɗano, tare da taimakawa ci gaban jama'a. Ita tsohuwar tsohuwar Gidauniyar Friedrich Nauman ce, wacce ta lissafa ta a matsayin mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Defender: Fighting for Freedom and Democracy |url=https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/fnf-human-rights-defenders_web-final.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> Ita ce Mataimakin Sakatariyar Kwalejin Mata ta Afirka (yankin kudu). Ita ce Champion Change a cikin Citizens Coalition for Change karkashin jagorancin Shugaba Nelson Chamisa kuma kwanan nan aka nada ta Harare City Councillor a kan kashi 30% na mata. == Satar da mutane == A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2020, Chimbiri da wasu mata biyu, ciki har da 'yan majalisa [[Joanah Mamombe|Joana Mamombe]], 'yan fashi ne suka sace su a wani zanga-zangar [[Harare]] game da gazawar gwamnati wajen samar da matalauta a lokacin annobar COVID-19. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, an sami matan, da suka ji rauni sosai kuma sun ji rauni, a gefen hanya mil sittin daga Harare. Sun bayar da rahoton cewa an azabtar da su kuma an yi musu fyade akai-akai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Opposition activists rearrested; one charged |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=www.amnesty.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2021 |title=Zimbabwe High Court Grants 2 MDC Alliance Activists $20,000 Bail After Spending 2 Months in Prison |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-high-court-grants-mamombe-chimbiri-bail/5879499.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Bayan rahotanni game da lamarin, Mataimakin Ministan Bayanai na Zimbabwe Mutodi ya zargi su uku da "management-mataki" da satar da hare-hare don kawar da gwamnatin [[ZANU-PF]] mai mulki. A cikin wata hira, Mutodi ya yi iƙirarin cewa abokan adawar jam'iyyar da ke jagorantar sun yi amfani da " sace-sacen karya" don ba da mummunan haske ga gwamnati don haifar da martani na kasa da kasa da kuma haifar da ƙarin takunkumi ga gwamnati, tare da yiwuwar shiga tsakani na soja. Mutodi ya ci gaba da ba da shawarar cewa wasu mambobin jam'iyyar siyasa sun yi watsi da sace-sacen da aka ruwaito a watan Mayu 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2020 |title=MDC Breathes Fire As Zimbabwe Deputy Minister Says Joanna Mamombe, 2 Others Are Faking Abductions |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-deputy-minister-faking-abductions/5424121.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2020, an kama Chimbiri da sauran mata biyu a ofisoshin lauyoyin su kan zargin "sadarwa ko buga sanarwa ta karya da ke nuna bambanci ga jihar" da kuma "kashe ko hana hanyar adalci"; musamman, an zarge su da yin ƙarya game da sace da azabtar da su.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Opposition activists rearrested; one charged |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=www.amnesty.org.uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged "Opposition activists rearrested; one charged"]. ''www.amnesty.org.uk''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-11</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-13 |title=Zimbabwe opposition trio deny lying over abduction and torture |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/zimbabwe-opposition-trio-deny-lying-over-abduction-and-torture/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Da farko an tsare su har zuwa 26 ga Yuni, sannan aka sake su a ƙarƙashin yanayin beli daban-daban, gami da beli na ZWD $ 10,000, bayar da rahoto ga 'yan sanda akai-akai da kuma hana su tattauna abin da ake zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe: UN experts demand an immediate end to abductions and torture |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2020/06/zimbabwe-un-experts-demand-immediate-end-abductions-and-torture}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin satar mutane * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b4s9jzamttqo5wjopir32genrhcpo20 839242 839241 2026-05-23T05:47:11Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Cecilia Chimbiri | birth_date = | birth_place = Zimbabwe | citizenship = Zimbabwean | occupation = Politician; human rights activist | known_for = Pro-democracy activism; 2020 abduction case | political_party = Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC); Movement for Democratic Change (MDC Alliance) | office = Harare City Councillor (Women's quota) | organizations = Citizens Coalition for Change; MDC Alliance; Women's Academy for Africa; Forum 2000 | years_active = 2009–present }} [[File:Cecillia Chimbiri.jpg | thumb | upright | right | alt= Cecillia Chimbiri | Zimbabwean Politician ]] '''Cecilia Chimbiri''' mai fafutukar dimokuraɗiyya ce kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam daga ƙasar Zimbabwe. Ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin shugabar matasa ta riƙo a jam’iyyar MDC Alliance. Haka kuma memba ce ta jam’iyyar Citizens Coalition for Change ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nelson Chamisa. == Ayyuka == A shekarar 2009, Cecillia Chimbiri ta yi aiki a gwamnatin haɗin kai ta ƙasa (Government of National Unity) a matsayin mataimakiyar yaɗa labarai ga mataimakin firaminista Farfesa Arthur Mutambara. An nada ta a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki wanda Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki na Tsarin Mulki (COPAC) ke gudanarwa a matsayin Rapporteur har zuwa matakin rubuce-rubuce a matsayin Mataimakin Fasaha. A matakin raba gardama na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 2013 ta kasance mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo don Vote Yes for the People Driven Constitution by (Copac). An nada Cecillia Chimbiri a matsayin Jami'in Hulɗa na Siyasa ga Kwamitin Kulawa da Aiwatarwa na hadin gwiwa (JOMIC) a Mashonaland Central Provincial wakiltar MDC. JOMIC wani kwamitin jam'iyyun Zimbabwe ne wanda aka fara kaddamarwa a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, bisa ga yarjejeniyar raba wutar lantarki ta Zimbabwe ta shekara ta 2008. Cecillia Chimbiri an jera ta a cikin bayanan mata na Forum 2000 a matsayin memba na kwamitin masana kan haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ke bin abin da tsohon shugaban Czech Václav Havel ya gada kuma yana tallafawa dabi'un dimokuradiyya da girmama haƙƙin ɗanɗano, tare da taimakawa ci gaban jama'a. Ita tsohuwar tsohuwar Gidauniyar Friedrich Nauman ce, wacce ta lissafa ta a matsayin mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Defender: Fighting for Freedom and Democracy |url=https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/fnf-human-rights-defenders_web-final.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> Ita ce Mataimakin Sakatariyar Kwalejin Mata ta Afirka (yankin kudu). Ita ce Champion Change a cikin Citizens Coalition for Change karkashin jagorancin Shugaba Nelson Chamisa kuma kwanan nan aka nada ta Harare City Councillor a kan kashi 30% na mata. == Satar da mutane == A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2020, Chimbiri da wasu mata biyu, ciki har da 'yan majalisa [[Joanah Mamombe|Joana Mamombe]], 'yan fashi ne suka sace su a wani zanga-zangar [[Harare]] game da gazawar gwamnati wajen samar da matalauta a lokacin annobar COVID-19. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, an sami matan, da suka ji rauni sosai kuma sun ji rauni, a gefen hanya mil sittin daga Harare. Sun bayar da rahoton cewa an azabtar da su kuma an yi musu fyade akai-akai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Opposition activists rearrested; one charged |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=www.amnesty.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2021 |title=Zimbabwe High Court Grants 2 MDC Alliance Activists $20,000 Bail After Spending 2 Months in Prison |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-high-court-grants-mamombe-chimbiri-bail/5879499.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Bayan rahotanni game da lamarin, Mataimakin Ministan Bayanai na Zimbabwe Mutodi ya zargi su uku da "management-mataki" da satar da hare-hare don kawar da gwamnatin [[ZANU-PF]] mai mulki. A cikin wata hira, Mutodi ya yi iƙirarin cewa abokan adawar jam'iyyar da ke jagorantar sun yi amfani da " sace-sacen karya" don ba da mummunan haske ga gwamnati don haifar da martani na kasa da kasa da kuma haifar da ƙarin takunkumi ga gwamnati, tare da yiwuwar shiga tsakani na soja. Mutodi ya ci gaba da ba da shawarar cewa wasu mambobin jam'iyyar siyasa sun yi watsi da sace-sacen da aka ruwaito a watan Mayu 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2020 |title=MDC Breathes Fire As Zimbabwe Deputy Minister Says Joanna Mamombe, 2 Others Are Faking Abductions |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-deputy-minister-faking-abductions/5424121.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2020, an kama Chimbiri da sauran mata biyu a ofisoshin lauyoyin su kan zargin "sadarwa ko buga sanarwa ta karya da ke nuna bambanci ga jihar" da kuma "kashe ko hana hanyar adalci"; musamman, an zarge su da yin ƙarya game da sace da azabtar da su.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Opposition activists rearrested; one charged |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=www.amnesty.org.uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged "Opposition activists rearrested; one charged"]. ''www.amnesty.org.uk''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-11</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-13 |title=Zimbabwe opposition trio deny lying over abduction and torture |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/zimbabwe-opposition-trio-deny-lying-over-abduction-and-torture/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Da farko an tsare su har zuwa 26 ga Yuni, sannan aka sake su a ƙarƙashin yanayin beli daban-daban, gami da beli na ZWD $ 10,000, bayar da rahoto ga 'yan sanda akai-akai da kuma hana su tattauna abin da ake zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe: UN experts demand an immediate end to abductions and torture |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2020/06/zimbabwe-un-experts-demand-immediate-end-abductions-and-torture}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin satar mutane * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gtco0ktdgm7o8ouccjzwkiv5w1ca16p 0 148219 839197 826362 2026-05-22T22:52:26Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354610161|Dekha Ibrahim Abdi]]" 839197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dekha Ibrahim Abdi''' (Somali: Deeqa Ibraahim Cabdi, 17 ga Nuwamba 1964 – 14 ga Yuli 2011) ‘yar gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya ce daga ƙasar Kenya wadda take zaune a Mombasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin farar hula shawara. Ta kasance daga ƙabilar Somaliyawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Dekha a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1964 a Wajir . Ta auri Dokta Hassan Nurrow Abdirahman tare da ita ta haifi 'ya'ya hudu. Ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara ta 2007 kuma a shekara ta 2009, ta auri Abdinoor, likitan ido na Kenya.<ref name="Ttmrapbnabor">{{Cite web |title=Kenya: Taking to Men´s Role as Peace Builders Not a Bed of Roses &#124; visionews.net |url=http://www.visionews.net/kenya-taking-to-men%C2%B4s-role-as-peace-builders-not-a-bed-of-roses/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018185446/http://www.visionews.net/kenya-taking-to-men%C2%B4s-role-as-peace-builders-not-a-bed-of-roses/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=www.visionews.net}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dekha ta kasance mai kula da Coalition for Peace in Africa (COPA) da kuma NOMADIC, kungiyar makiyaya da ke zaune a Wajir . Ta kuma kasance memba na kafa kwamitin zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Wajir, hadin gwiwar zaman lafiya a Afirka, ACTION (Action for Conflict Transformation), da kuma Peace and Regeneration Oasis (PRO). Dekha ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan gina zaman lafiya da ci gaban makiyaya tare da hukumomin gida da na duniya da yawa a kasashe daban-daban, gami da Cambodia, Jordan, Habasha, Somalia, Afirka ta Kudu, Netherlands, Isra'ila, Falasdinu, Zimbabwe, Burtaniya, Uganda da Kenya. Ta kuma kasance Abokiyar Amsawa ga Rikicin kuma a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai horar da RTC da Mai Gudanar da Ilimi. Wasu daga cikin sulhu da fahimtar zaman lafiya za a iya karantawa a cikin littafin "Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts: Small Steps to Peace" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynne Rienner Publishers &#124; Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts Small Steps to Peace |url=https://www.rienner.com/title/Mediation_and_Governance_in_Fragile_Contexts_Small_Steps_to_Peace |website=www.rienner.com}}</ref> wanda aka buga a cikin 2019. Ana iya samun shirye-shiryen bidiyo na hira na 2010 da 2011 tare da Dekha a kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts: Small Steps to Peace |url=https://css.ethz.ch/en/think-tank/themes/mediation-support-and-peace-promotion/mediation-governance.html |website=css.ethz.ch}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2007, an karrama Dekha Ibrahim Abdi da lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award. Kwamitin alƙalan ya yaba mata “saboda nuna yadda za a iya sulhunta bambance-bambancen addini da sauran saɓanin al’adu a yanayi daban-daban na ƙabilu da al’adu, ko bayan rikice-rikicen tashin hankali, tare da haɗa mutane ta hanyar haɗin kai wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya da ci gaba.” An kuma girmama ta da Gernika's Peace and Reconciliation Prize a 2008 (Basque Country) da Hessian Peace Prize of Germany a 2009. == Mutuwa == A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, Dekha, mijinta Abdinoor, da direban su suna kan hanyarsu zuwa taron zaman lafiya a Garissa, lokacin da motarsu ta yi karo da babbar mota. Mijinta da direbanta sun mutu nan take. Dekha ya sami mummunan rauni kuma an kai shi [[Nairobi]]. Ta mutu jim kadan bayan haka a Asibitin Aga Khan da karfe 11.45 na safe, 14 ga Yuli 2011. Tana da shekaru 46. == Dubi kuma == * Kyautar Rayuwa ta Dama * Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 0f9lnqiql7t0myd972ad39y42n3vq6j 839199 839197 2026-05-22T22:53:16Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Dekha Ibrahim Abdi | image = | image_size = 190px | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1964|11|17}} | birth_place = [[Wajir]], [[Kenya]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2011|07|14|1964|11|17}} | death_place = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] | resting_place = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] | occupation = [[Activism|Activist]] | children = 4 Children | title = | awards = [[Right Livelihood Award]] (2007) }} '''Dekha Ibrahim Abdi''' (Somali: Deeqa Ibraahim Cabdi, 17 ga Nuwamba 1964 – 14 ga Yuli 2011) ‘yar gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya ce daga ƙasar Kenya wadda take zaune a Mombasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin farar hula shawara. Ta kasance daga ƙabilar Somaliyawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Dekha a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1964 a Wajir . Ta auri Dokta Hassan Nurrow Abdirahman tare da ita ta haifi 'ya'ya hudu. Ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara ta 2007 kuma a shekara ta 2009, ta auri Abdinoor, likitan ido na Kenya.<ref name="Ttmrapbnabor">{{Cite web |title=Kenya: Taking to Men´s Role as Peace Builders Not a Bed of Roses &#124; visionews.net |url=http://www.visionews.net/kenya-taking-to-men%C2%B4s-role-as-peace-builders-not-a-bed-of-roses/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018185446/http://www.visionews.net/kenya-taking-to-men%C2%B4s-role-as-peace-builders-not-a-bed-of-roses/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=www.visionews.net}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dekha ta kasance mai kula da Coalition for Peace in Africa (COPA) da kuma NOMADIC, kungiyar makiyaya da ke zaune a Wajir . Ta kuma kasance memba na kafa kwamitin zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Wajir, hadin gwiwar zaman lafiya a Afirka, ACTION (Action for Conflict Transformation), da kuma Peace and Regeneration Oasis (PRO). Dekha ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan gina zaman lafiya da ci gaban makiyaya tare da hukumomin gida da na duniya da yawa a kasashe daban-daban, gami da Cambodia, Jordan, Habasha, Somalia, Afirka ta Kudu, Netherlands, Isra'ila, Falasdinu, Zimbabwe, Burtaniya, Uganda da Kenya. Ta kuma kasance Abokiyar Amsawa ga Rikicin kuma a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai horar da RTC da Mai Gudanar da Ilimi. Wasu daga cikin sulhu da fahimtar zaman lafiya za a iya karantawa a cikin littafin "Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts: Small Steps to Peace" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynne Rienner Publishers &#124; Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts Small Steps to Peace |url=https://www.rienner.com/title/Mediation_and_Governance_in_Fragile_Contexts_Small_Steps_to_Peace |website=www.rienner.com}}</ref> wanda aka buga a cikin 2019. Ana iya samun shirye-shiryen bidiyo na hira na 2010 da 2011 tare da Dekha a kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts: Small Steps to Peace |url=https://css.ethz.ch/en/think-tank/themes/mediation-support-and-peace-promotion/mediation-governance.html |website=css.ethz.ch}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2007, an karrama Dekha Ibrahim Abdi da lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award. Kwamitin alƙalan ya yaba mata “saboda nuna yadda za a iya sulhunta bambance-bambancen addini da sauran saɓanin al’adu a yanayi daban-daban na ƙabilu da al’adu, ko bayan rikice-rikicen tashin hankali, tare da haɗa mutane ta hanyar haɗin kai wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya da ci gaba.” An kuma girmama ta da Gernika's Peace and Reconciliation Prize a 2008 (Basque Country) da Hessian Peace Prize of Germany a 2009. == Mutuwa == A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, Dekha, mijinta Abdinoor, da direban su suna kan hanyarsu zuwa taron zaman lafiya a Garissa, lokacin da motarsu ta yi karo da babbar mota. Mijinta da direbanta sun mutu nan take. Dekha ya sami mummunan rauni kuma an kai shi [[Nairobi]]. Ta mutu jim kadan bayan haka a Asibitin Aga Khan da karfe 11.45 na safe, 14 ga Yuli 2011. Tana da shekaru 46. == Dubi kuma == * Kyautar Rayuwa ta Dama * Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] guzvfbks6lp9qsa6pfqowyrf2mtw61g 0 148220 839191 822373 2026-05-22T22:33:47Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348824603|Ory Okolloh]]" 839191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ory Okolloh''' (ko '''Ory Okolloh Mwangi) ''') ‘yar gwagwarmaya ce, lauya kuma mai rubutun yanar gizo daga ƙasar Kenya. Ita abokiyar hulɗa ce a Verod-Kepple Africa Ventures, wani kamfanin zuba jari na Afirka baki ɗaya da ke da hedikwata a Lagos, Najeriya, tare da ofisoshi a Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Njanja |first=Annie |date=2024-04-09 |title=Pan-African VC Verod-Kepple closes its first fund at $60M |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/04/09/verod-kepple-closes-first-fund-at-60m/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kene-Okafor |first=Tage |date=2023-04-12 |title=Backed by Japanese investors, Verod-Kepple's fund will invest in Series A and B startups across Africa |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/04/12/backed-by-japanese-investors-verod-kepples-fund-will-invest-in-series-a-and-b-startups-across-africa/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Tom |date=2024-04-12 |title=Verod-Kepple Africa Ventures closes pan-African venture fund at $60m |url=https://disruptafrica.com/2024/04/12/verod-kepple-africa-ventures-closes-pan-african-venture-fund-at-60m/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Disrupt Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a matsayin manajan darakta a Omidyar Network, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammed |first=Omar |date=2015-06-09 |title=Why aren't more wealthy Africans backing the continent's start-ups? |url=https://qz.com/423821/why-arent-more-wealthy-africans-backing-the-continents-start-ups/ |access-date=2015-09-27 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] - Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kozlowska |first=Hanna |date=2015-04-06 |title=#147notjustanumber aims to name all those slain in Kenya attack |url=https://qz.com/377336/147notjustanumber-is-the-hashtag-that-gives-life-to-each-person-slain-in-the-kenya-attack/ |access-date=2015-09-27 |website=Quartz}}</ref> kuma a matsayin manajin manufofi na Afirka tare da [[Google]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms. Ory A, Okolloh |url=https://www.stanbicbank.co.ke/kenya/personal/about-us/stanbic-kenya-foundation/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.stanbicbank.co.ke}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2020-12-20 |title=Ory Okolloh exits Google for Omidyar Network |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/technology/ory-okolloh-exits-google-for-omidyar-network-2032832 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> An kira Ory mutane 100 mafi tasiri a shekarar 2014. [https://time.com/70848/]. == Ilimi == Okolloh ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, summa cum laude, daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/ory-okolloh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu daga Harvard Law School a shekara ta 2005 tare da Juris Doctor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh – Kenya Yearbook Editorial Board |url=https://sectors.kenyayearbook.go.ke/ory-okolloh/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Kenya Yearbook}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta ki amincewa da tayin aiki daga kamfanin lauya na DC don komawa Kenya don yin aiki a kan lissafin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2014 |title=Time 100: Ory Okolloh, Voice of the African Citizen |url=https://techcabal.com/2014/04/25/time-100-ory-okolloh-voice-of-the-african-citizen/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=TechCabal}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Okolloh ya kafa shafin yanar gizon Mzalendo (Swahili: "Mai kishin kasa").<ref name="mcclatchy" /> Shafin ya nemi kara yawan alhakin gwamnati ta hanyar yin rikodin takardun kudi, jawabai, 'yan majalisa, da umarni masu tsayawa. Lokacin da [[Kenya]] ta shiga cikin tashin hankali bayan zaben shugaban kasa mai rikitarwa a shekara ta 2007, Okolloh ya kirkiro Ushahidi (Swahili: "Witness"), shafin yanar gizo da kayan aiki wanda ya tattara kuma ya rubuta rahotanni na shaidu na tashin hankali ta amfani da saƙonnin rubutu da Google Maps.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyabola |first=Nanjala |date=2021-03-08 |title=In Nairobi, Female Coders Are Flipping the Silicon Valley Trope on Its Head |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/female-coders-from-nairobi |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin an daidaita fasahar don fadada dalilai (gami da saka idanu kan zabe da bin diddigin samar da magunguna) kuma an yi amfani da ita a wasu ƙasashe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay |date=2008-01-09 |title=How to Use the Web To Show the Truth |url=https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/how-to-use-the-web-to-show-the-truth/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=The History of the Web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Newsweek |date=2010-03-03 |title='Ushahidi' Technology Saves Lives in Haiti and Chile |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ushahidi-technology-saves-lives-haiti-and-chile-210262 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> Ory Okolloh tana da wani shafin rubutun yanar gizo na kanta mai suna Kenyan Pundit, wanda aka bayyana a shafin Global Voices Online. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyabola |first=Nanjala |date=2021-03-08 |title=In Nairobi, Female Coders Are Flipping the Silicon Valley Trope on Its Head |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/female-coders-from-nairobi |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyabola2021">Nyabola, Nanjala (2021-03-08). [https://www.vogue.com/article/female-coders-from-nairobi "In Nairobi, Female Coders Are Flipping the Silicon Valley Trope on Its Head"]. ''Vogue''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kuma ta yi aiki a Covington da Burling, [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta kasar Kenya.|Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya]], da Bankin Duniya.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |last=Okolloh |first=Ory |title=About |url=https://www.kenyanpundit.com/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021170513/https://www.kenyanpundit.com/about/ |archive-date=2009-10-21 |access-date=2009-09-11 |website=Kenyan Pundit}}</ref> An nada Okolloh a cikin kwamitin Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, jikin da ke aiki a matsayin mai kula da ka'idodin Thomson Reuters Trust a watan Mayu 2015. Ta yi ritaya daga kamfanin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban a shekarar da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company appoints Aidan Eyakuze to its Board of Directors |url=https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/press-releases/2025/january/thomson-reuters-founders-share-company-appoints-aidan-eyakuze-to-its-board-of-directors |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.thomsonreuters.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Okolloh ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan mai zaman kansa a Safaricom tun daga watan Fabrairun 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2023-02-27 |title=Safaricom replaces Bitange Ndemo in new board changes |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/safaricom-replaces-bitange-ndemo-in-new-board-changes-4139466 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine |first=Abraham |date=2023-03-02 |title=Ushahidi's Ory Okolloh joins Safaricom board |url=https://techcabal.com/2023/03/02/safaricom-new-board-members/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta tashi daga mukamin a watan Yulin shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-29 |title=Major Changes in Safaricom's Board of Directors: Ory Okolloh and Francesco Bianco Exit - Techish Kenya |url=https://tech-ish.com/2024/07/29/major-changes-in-safaricoms-board-of-directors-ory-okolloh-and-francesco-bianco-exit/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a kwamitin Stanbic Bank Foundation Kenya, daga Afrilu 2020 zuwa Yuli 2024, kuma a matsayin darakta mara zartarwa na Stanbic Bank har zuwa Disamba 2020, lokacin da ta yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Eunniah |date=2020-12-10 |title=Ory Okolloh Resigns from Stanbic Board WEF 9th Dec |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/ory-okolloh-resigns-from-stanbic-board/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Kenyan Wall Street - Business, Markets & Finance Insights |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khusoko |date=2020-12-09 |title=Stanbic Bank's Non-Executive Director Ory Okolloh Resigns |url=https://khusoko.com/2020/12/09/stanbic-banks-non-executive-director-ory-okolloh-resigns/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2020-09-19 |title=Omidyar MD Ory Okolloh joins Stanbic board |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/omidyar-md-ory-okolloh-joins-stanbic-board-2282718 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2025, an nada ta a cikin kwamitin Gidauniyar GSMA . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lukhanyu |first=Milcah |date=2025-02-13 |title=Ory Okolloh Joins GSMA Foundation Board |url=https://khusoko.com/2025/02/13/ory-okolloh-joins-gsma-foundation-board/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}</ref> An nada ta a cikin Kwamitin Kepple Group a Japan a watan Mayu 2025, a matsayin Darakta na waje.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bwire |first=Ronald |date=2025-05-01 |title=Japan's Kepple Group Appoints Ory Okolloh as Outide Director |url=https://techmoran.com/2025/05/02/japans-kepple-group-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director-to-its-board/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=TechMoran |language=en-US}}</ref> Ory memba ne na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Afirka na Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Advisory Board |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/africa-advisory-board |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=africa.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, tana da hannu a cikin allon kungiyoyi masu zuwa: {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ !Shirye-shiryen !Matsayi !Ranar da aka nada shi !Bayanan da aka ambata |- |Ƙungiyar Van Leer |Mai kula da kwamitin |Yuli 2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh |url=https://vanleerfoundation.org/team/ory-okolloh/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Van Leer Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ecofin |first=Agence |title=Ory Okolloh, la Kenyane qui soutient les entrepreneurs impactant en Afrique via le venture capital |url=https://www.agenceecofin.com/entreprendre/0404-107142-ory-okolloh-la-kenyane-qui-soutient-les-entrepreneurs-impactant-en-afrique-via-le-venture-capital |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Agence Ecofin |language=fr-fr}}</ref> |- |Masana'antar giya ta Gabashin Afirka Ltd |Ba babban darektan ba |Oktoba 2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh {{!}} EABL |url=https://www.eabl.com/our-people/ory-okolloh |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.eabl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Eunniah |date=2020-10-22 |title=EABL Appoints Ms Ory Okolloh as Non-Executive Director |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/eabl-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Kenyan Wall Street - Business, Markets & Finance Insights |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya: East African Breweries says it has put strategies to achieve gender balance by 2025 |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/kenya-east-african-breweries-says-it-has-put-strategies-in-place-to-achieve-gender-balance-by-2025/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |language=en}}</ref> |- |Ka bar Afirka |Ba babban darektan ba |Yuni 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Board {{!}} About Deloitte Africa{{!}} Deloitte Africa |url=https://www.deloitte.com/za/en/about/people/africa-board.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.deloitte.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |Gidauniyar Kungiyar Adecco |memba na kwamitin |Yuli 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.adeccogroup.com/innovationfoundation/Who-We-Are |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627041242/https://www.adeccogroup.com/innovationfoundation/Who-We-Are |archive-date=2024-06-27 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.adeccogroup.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovation Foundation |url=https://www.fundraiso.ch/en/organisations/innovation-foundation |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.fundraiso.ch |language=en-CH}}</ref> |- |Gidauniyar GSMA |memba na kwamitin |Fabrairu 2025 |<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lukhanyu |first=Milcah |date=2025-02-13 |title=Ory Okolloh Joins GSMA Foundation Board |url=https://khusoko.com/2025/02/13/ory-okolloh-joins-gsma-foundation-board/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLukhanyu2025">Lukhanyu, Milcah (2025-02-13). [https://khusoko.com/2025/02/13/ory-okolloh-joins-gsma-foundation-board/ "Ory Okolloh Joins GSMA Foundation Board"]. ''Khusoko - East African Markets''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=lboulter@gsma.com |date=2025-02-05 |title=GSMA Foundation Board welcomes new members |url=https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/all-documents/gsma-foundation-board-welcomes-new-members/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Newsroom |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Kungiyar Kepple ta Japan |Daraktan waje |Mayu 2025 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ケップルグループの社外取締役にOry Okolloh氏、田中 渓氏、社外監査役にEric Marcks氏が就任 |url=https://corp.kepple.co.jp/press/20250501 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=株式会社ケップル コーポレートサイト |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bwire |first=Ronald |date=2025-05-01 |title=Japan's Kepple Group Appoints Ory Okolloh as Outide Director |url=https://techmoran.com/2025/05/02/japans-kepple-group-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director-to-its-board/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=TechMoran |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBwire2025">Bwire, Ronald (2025-05-01). [https://techmoran.com/2025/05/02/japans-kepple-group-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director-to-its-board/ "Japan's Kepple Group Appoints Ory Okolloh as Outide Director"]. ''TechMoran''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> |} == Kyaututtuka == * 2012, ''Forbes'' ya lissafa "Mata mafi Nasara a Afirka" <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-02 |title=Binyavanga, Ory Okolloh named Time's most influential people |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/binyavanga-ory-okolloh-named-time-s-most-influential-people-976360 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> * 2013, "Mata mafi iko a Afirka a Fasaha" * 2014, Jerin ''[[Time (magazine)|Lokaci]]'' "Mutanen 100 Mafi Tasiri" <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Black Women on Time's Most Influential List |url=https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/009134/meet-the-black-women-on-time-s-most-influential-list/gns996 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=BET |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2bp4pau4b3a21p93upwl1be1a9yrl83 839192 839191 2026-05-22T22:35:50Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Ory Okolloh, Sept. 2006.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Okolloh in 2006]] {{Infobox person | name = Ory Okolloh | citizenship = Kenya | education = University of Pittsburgh Harvard Law School | occupation = Activist, Lawyer, and Blogger | organization = Covington and Burling Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company Safaricom GSMA Foundation }} '''Ory Okolloh''' (ko '''Ory Okolloh Mwangi) ''') ‘yar gwagwarmaya ce, lauya kuma mai rubutun yanar gizo daga ƙasar Kenya. Ita abokiyar hulɗa ce a Verod-Kepple Africa Ventures, wani kamfanin zuba jari na Afirka baki ɗaya da ke da hedikwata a Lagos, Najeriya, tare da ofisoshi a Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Njanja |first=Annie |date=2024-04-09 |title=Pan-African VC Verod-Kepple closes its first fund at $60M |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/04/09/verod-kepple-closes-first-fund-at-60m/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kene-Okafor |first=Tage |date=2023-04-12 |title=Backed by Japanese investors, Verod-Kepple's fund will invest in Series A and B startups across Africa |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/04/12/backed-by-japanese-investors-verod-kepples-fund-will-invest-in-series-a-and-b-startups-across-africa/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Tom |date=2024-04-12 |title=Verod-Kepple Africa Ventures closes pan-African venture fund at $60m |url=https://disruptafrica.com/2024/04/12/verod-kepple-africa-ventures-closes-pan-african-venture-fund-at-60m/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Disrupt Africa |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a matsayin manajan darakta a Omidyar Network, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohammed |first=Omar |date=2015-06-09 |title=Why aren't more wealthy Africans backing the continent's start-ups? |url=https://qz.com/423821/why-arent-more-wealthy-africans-backing-the-continents-start-ups/ |access-date=2015-09-27 |website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] - Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kozlowska |first=Hanna |date=2015-04-06 |title=#147notjustanumber aims to name all those slain in Kenya attack |url=https://qz.com/377336/147notjustanumber-is-the-hashtag-that-gives-life-to-each-person-slain-in-the-kenya-attack/ |access-date=2015-09-27 |website=Quartz}}</ref> kuma a matsayin manajin manufofi na Afirka tare da [[Google]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms. Ory A, Okolloh |url=https://www.stanbicbank.co.ke/kenya/personal/about-us/stanbic-kenya-foundation/ |access-date=2021-04-24 |website=www.stanbicbank.co.ke}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2020-12-20 |title=Ory Okolloh exits Google for Omidyar Network |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/technology/ory-okolloh-exits-google-for-omidyar-network-2032832 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> An kira Ory mutane 100 mafi tasiri a shekarar 2014. [https://time.com/70848/]. == Ilimi == Okolloh ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, summa cum laude, daga Jami'ar Pittsburgh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/ory-okolloh |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=World Economic Forum}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu daga Harvard Law School a shekara ta 2005 tare da Juris Doctor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh – Kenya Yearbook Editorial Board |url=https://sectors.kenyayearbook.go.ke/ory-okolloh/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=Kenya Yearbook}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta ki amincewa da tayin aiki daga kamfanin lauya na DC don komawa Kenya don yin aiki a kan lissafin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2014 |title=Time 100: Ory Okolloh, Voice of the African Citizen |url=https://techcabal.com/2014/04/25/time-100-ory-okolloh-voice-of-the-african-citizen/ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=TechCabal}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Okolloh ya kafa shafin yanar gizon Mzalendo (Swahili: "Mai kishin kasa").<ref name="mcclatchy" /> Shafin ya nemi kara yawan alhakin gwamnati ta hanyar yin rikodin takardun kudi, jawabai, 'yan majalisa, da umarni masu tsayawa. Lokacin da [[Kenya]] ta shiga cikin tashin hankali bayan zaben shugaban kasa mai rikitarwa a shekara ta 2007, Okolloh ya kirkiro Ushahidi (Swahili: "Witness"), shafin yanar gizo da kayan aiki wanda ya tattara kuma ya rubuta rahotanni na shaidu na tashin hankali ta amfani da saƙonnin rubutu da Google Maps.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyabola |first=Nanjala |date=2021-03-08 |title=In Nairobi, Female Coders Are Flipping the Silicon Valley Trope on Its Head |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/female-coders-from-nairobi |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin an daidaita fasahar don fadada dalilai (gami da saka idanu kan zabe da bin diddigin samar da magunguna) kuma an yi amfani da ita a wasu ƙasashe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay |date=2008-01-09 |title=How to Use the Web To Show the Truth |url=https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/how-to-use-the-web-to-show-the-truth/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=The History of the Web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Newsweek |date=2010-03-03 |title='Ushahidi' Technology Saves Lives in Haiti and Chile |url=https://www.newsweek.com/ushahidi-technology-saves-lives-haiti-and-chile-210262 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> Ory Okolloh tana da wani shafin rubutun yanar gizo na kanta mai suna Kenyan Pundit, wanda aka bayyana a shafin Global Voices Online. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nyabola |first=Nanjala |date=2021-03-08 |title=In Nairobi, Female Coders Are Flipping the Silicon Valley Trope on Its Head |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/female-coders-from-nairobi |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Vogue |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNyabola2021">Nyabola, Nanjala (2021-03-08). [https://www.vogue.com/article/female-coders-from-nairobi "In Nairobi, Female Coders Are Flipping the Silicon Valley Trope on Its Head"]. ''Vogue''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shari'a ga kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kuma ta yi aiki a Covington da Burling, [[Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta kasar Kenya.|Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Kenya]], da Bankin Duniya.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |last=Okolloh |first=Ory |title=About |url=https://www.kenyanpundit.com/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021170513/https://www.kenyanpundit.com/about/ |archive-date=2009-10-21 |access-date=2009-09-11 |website=Kenyan Pundit}}</ref> An nada Okolloh a cikin kwamitin Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company, jikin da ke aiki a matsayin mai kula da ka'idodin Thomson Reuters Trust a watan Mayu 2015. Ta yi ritaya daga kamfanin a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban a shekarar da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomson Reuters Founders Share Company appoints Aidan Eyakuze to its Board of Directors |url=https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/press-releases/2025/january/thomson-reuters-founders-share-company-appoints-aidan-eyakuze-to-its-board-of-directors |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.thomsonreuters.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Okolloh ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin darektan mai zaman kansa a Safaricom tun daga watan Fabrairun 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2023-02-27 |title=Safaricom replaces Bitange Ndemo in new board changes |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/safaricom-replaces-bitange-ndemo-in-new-board-changes-4139466 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Augustine |first=Abraham |date=2023-03-02 |title=Ushahidi's Ory Okolloh joins Safaricom board |url=https://techcabal.com/2023/03/02/safaricom-new-board-members/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta tashi daga mukamin a watan Yulin shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-29 |title=Major Changes in Safaricom's Board of Directors: Ory Okolloh and Francesco Bianco Exit - Techish Kenya |url=https://tech-ish.com/2024/07/29/major-changes-in-safaricoms-board-of-directors-ory-okolloh-and-francesco-bianco-exit/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a kwamitin Stanbic Bank Foundation Kenya, daga Afrilu 2020 zuwa Yuli 2024, kuma a matsayin darakta mara zartarwa na Stanbic Bank har zuwa Disamba 2020, lokacin da ta yi murabus. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Eunniah |date=2020-12-10 |title=Ory Okolloh Resigns from Stanbic Board WEF 9th Dec |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/ory-okolloh-resigns-from-stanbic-board/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Kenyan Wall Street - Business, Markets & Finance Insights |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khusoko |date=2020-12-09 |title=Stanbic Bank's Non-Executive Director Ory Okolloh Resigns |url=https://khusoko.com/2020/12/09/stanbic-banks-non-executive-director-ory-okolloh-resigns/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=week |first=Stay up to date on the editors' picks of the |date=2020-09-19 |title=Omidyar MD Ory Okolloh joins Stanbic board |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/profiles/omidyar-md-ory-okolloh-joins-stanbic-board-2282718 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business Daily |language=en}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2025, an nada ta a cikin kwamitin Gidauniyar GSMA . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lukhanyu |first=Milcah |date=2025-02-13 |title=Ory Okolloh Joins GSMA Foundation Board |url=https://khusoko.com/2025/02/13/ory-okolloh-joins-gsma-foundation-board/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}</ref> An nada ta a cikin Kwamitin Kepple Group a Japan a watan Mayu 2025, a matsayin Darakta na waje.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bwire |first=Ronald |date=2025-05-01 |title=Japan's Kepple Group Appoints Ory Okolloh as Outide Director |url=https://techmoran.com/2025/05/02/japans-kepple-group-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director-to-its-board/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=TechMoran |language=en-US}}</ref> Ory memba ne na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Afirka na Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Advisory Board |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/africa-advisory-board |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=africa.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, tana da hannu a cikin allon kungiyoyi masu zuwa: {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" |+ !Shirye-shiryen !Matsayi !Ranar da aka nada shi !Bayanan da aka ambata |- |Ƙungiyar Van Leer |Mai kula da kwamitin |Yuli 2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh |url=https://vanleerfoundation.org/team/ory-okolloh/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Van Leer Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ecofin |first=Agence |title=Ory Okolloh, la Kenyane qui soutient les entrepreneurs impactant en Afrique via le venture capital |url=https://www.agenceecofin.com/entreprendre/0404-107142-ory-okolloh-la-kenyane-qui-soutient-les-entrepreneurs-impactant-en-afrique-via-le-venture-capital |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Agence Ecofin |language=fr-fr}}</ref> |- |Masana'antar giya ta Gabashin Afirka Ltd |Ba babban darektan ba |Oktoba 2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ory Okolloh {{!}} EABL |url=https://www.eabl.com/our-people/ory-okolloh |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.eabl.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Eunniah |date=2020-10-22 |title=EABL Appoints Ms Ory Okolloh as Non-Executive Director |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/eabl-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Kenyan Wall Street - Business, Markets & Finance Insights |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya: East African Breweries says it has put strategies to achieve gender balance by 2025 |url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/kenya-east-african-breweries-says-it-has-put-strategies-in-place-to-achieve-gender-balance-by-2025/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Business & Human Rights Resource Centre |language=en}}</ref> |- |Ka bar Afirka |Ba babban darektan ba |Yuni 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Board {{!}} About Deloitte Africa{{!}} Deloitte Africa |url=https://www.deloitte.com/za/en/about/people/africa-board.html |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.deloitte.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |Gidauniyar Kungiyar Adecco |memba na kwamitin |Yuli 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.adeccogroup.com/innovationfoundation/Who-We-Are |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627041242/https://www.adeccogroup.com/innovationfoundation/Who-We-Are |archive-date=2024-06-27 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.adeccogroup.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovation Foundation |url=https://www.fundraiso.ch/en/organisations/innovation-foundation |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=www.fundraiso.ch |language=en-CH}}</ref> |- |Gidauniyar GSMA |memba na kwamitin |Fabrairu 2025 |<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lukhanyu |first=Milcah |date=2025-02-13 |title=Ory Okolloh Joins GSMA Foundation Board |url=https://khusoko.com/2025/02/13/ory-okolloh-joins-gsma-foundation-board/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Khusoko - East African Markets |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLukhanyu2025">Lukhanyu, Milcah (2025-02-13). [https://khusoko.com/2025/02/13/ory-okolloh-joins-gsma-foundation-board/ "Ory Okolloh Joins GSMA Foundation Board"]. ''Khusoko - East African Markets''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-02-15</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=lboulter@gsma.com |date=2025-02-05 |title=GSMA Foundation Board welcomes new members |url=https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/all-documents/gsma-foundation-board-welcomes-new-members/ |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Newsroom |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Kungiyar Kepple ta Japan |Daraktan waje |Mayu 2025 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ケップルグループの社外取締役にOry Okolloh氏、田中 渓氏、社外監査役にEric Marcks氏が就任 |url=https://corp.kepple.co.jp/press/20250501 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=株式会社ケップル コーポレートサイト |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bwire |first=Ronald |date=2025-05-01 |title=Japan's Kepple Group Appoints Ory Okolloh as Outide Director |url=https://techmoran.com/2025/05/02/japans-kepple-group-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director-to-its-board/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=TechMoran |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBwire2025">Bwire, Ronald (2025-05-01). [https://techmoran.com/2025/05/02/japans-kepple-group-appoints-ory-okolloh-as-director-to-its-board/ "Japan's Kepple Group Appoints Ory Okolloh as Outide Director"]. ''TechMoran''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> |} == Kyaututtuka == * 2012, ''Forbes'' ya lissafa "Mata mafi Nasara a Afirka" <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-02 |title=Binyavanga, Ory Okolloh named Time's most influential people |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/binyavanga-ory-okolloh-named-time-s-most-influential-people-976360 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> * 2013, "Mata mafi iko a Afirka a Fasaha" * 2014, Jerin ''[[Time (magazine)|Lokaci]]'' "Mutanen 100 Mafi Tasiri" <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the Black Women on Time's Most Influential List |url=https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/009134/meet-the-black-women-on-time-s-most-influential-list/gns996 |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=BET |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a9vhry4konrp7y60flooucywm2gljoa 0 148222 839255 836822 2026-05-23T06:38:05Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349115889|Musimbi Kanyoro]]" 839255 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Musimbi Kanyoro''' mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ce, mai ayyukan taimakon jama'a (philanthropist), kuma masaniyar ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2014 |title=5 lessons for funding innovation for social change |url=https://www.devex.com/news/5-lessons-for-funding-innovation-for-social-change-84741 |website=Devex |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Musimbi Kanyoro {{!}} Women's Learning Partnership |url=https://learningpartnership.org/people/musimbi-kanyoro}}</ref> Ita ce shugabar Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Makarantun United World Colleges[3] sannan kuma mamba mai zaman kanta a makarantar .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheney |first=Catherine |date=2024-11-01 |title=Collective leadership is key to lasting impact, in education and beyond |url=https://www.devex.com/news/collective-leadership-is-key-to-lasting-impact-in-education-and-beyond-108630 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=Devex |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Musimbi Kanyoro « The Uprising of Women in Philanthropy |url=https://uprisingofwomeninphilanthropy.com/the-author/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/ |access-date=2024-12-04}}</ref> Haka kuma ita ce ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians (“the Circle”), kuma ita ce mai kula da ita ta farko daga shekarar 1996 zuwa 2002. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Labeodan |first=Helen A. |date=2016-07-08 |title=Revisiting the legacy of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians today: A lesson in strength and perseverance |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v37i2.1586 |journal=Verbum et Ecclesia |volume=37 |issue=2 |doi=10.4102/ve.v37i2.1586 |issn=2074-7705 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Musimbi Kanyoro a yankin Migori, Kenya, inda ta halarci makarantar firamare kafin ta shiga makarantar Alliance Girls a [[Nairobi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Musimbi Kanyoro (Kenya) {{!}} WikiPeaceWomen – English |url=https://wikipeacewomen.org/wpworg/en/?page_id=3038 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=wikipeacewomen.org}}</ref> A matsayinta na daliba a cikin shekarun 1970s, ta goyi bayan yunkurin adawa da wariyar launin fata a [[Afirka ta Kudu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2013 |title=Star Power at a Global Women's Conference |url=http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/star-power-at-a-global-womens-conference/?_r=0 |access-date=21 October 2013 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Kanyoro ta sami digiri na farko daga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] da PhD a fannin Ilimin Harshe daga Jami'an Texas a Austin . Kanyoro daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tauhidin mata a San Francisco Theological Seminary . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowery |first=Stephanie A. |date=2020-05-22 |title=9 African Women Theologians You Should Know About |url=https://theglobalchurchproject.com/african-women-theologians-you-should-know-about/ |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=The GlobalChurch Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance malamin da ya ziyarci [[Ibrananci]] da [[Tsohon Alkawari]] a Makarantar Allah ta Harvard . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Musimbi Kanyoro |url=https://unglobalcompact.org.au/speakers/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=UN Global Compact Network Australia |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Musimbi_Kanyoro_and_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpeg|thumb|Hillary Rodham Clinton da Musimbi Kanyoro a Asusun Duniya don Abincin Mata a watan Mayu 2013 a New York]] == Ayyuka == [[File:Kanyoro_Sirleaf.jpg|right|thumb|180x180px|Kanyoro tare da [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] .]] Kanyoro ta kasance babban sakatare, Desk for Women in Church and Society a Lutheran World Federation daga 1982 zuwa 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GU |date=20 June 2011 |title=A Discussion with Musimbi Kanyoro, CEO and President of the Global Fund for Women |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/interviews/a-discussion-with-musimbi-kanyoro-ceo-and-president-of-the-global-fund-for-women |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> Ta kuma shirya littafin In Search of a Round Table: Gender, Theology and Church Leadership, a cikin 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molloy |first=Cathy |date=Winter 1998 |title=Review: [Untitled] in Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30113966 |jstor=30113966 |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga fassarar ga Ƙungiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta United . Daga 1998 zuwa 2007, Kanyoro ya zama Babban Sakatare na farko wanda ba fari ba na YWCA na Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salzman |first=Marian |title=10 Power Women Brands |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mariansalzman/2015/09/08/10-power-women-brands/ |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Kanyoro ya kasance darektan Shirin Lafiya da Rubuce-rubuce na Gidauniyar David da Lucile Packard daga 2007 zuwa 2011. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Duniya don Taron Duniya na Beijing kuma ta jagoranci wakilai zuwa Taron Duniya biyar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin 1990s. Daga 2018 har zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a kan Kwamitin Mai Zaman Kanta kan Halin Jima'i, Alhakin da Canjin Al'adu a Oxfam, wanda [[Zainab Bangura]] da Katherine Sierra suka jagoranci. Musimbi Kanyoro ita ce shugabar kuma Shugaba na Asusun Duniya na Mata daga 2011 zuwa 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lieberman |first=Amy |date=13 August 2019 |title=Some gender equality progress 'slipping away,' says former Global Fund for Women CEO |url=https://www.devex.com/news/some-gender-equality-progress-slipping-away-says-former-global-fund-for-women-ceo-95440}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a cikin allon da yawa, gami da Majalisar Shugabannin Aspen, Kwamitin CARE, Babban Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiya ta Haihuwa, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Kwamitin Gudanar da Gaggawa na Shugaban Amurka don Taimako na Cutar AIDS (PEPFAR) " da Kwamitin Ba Da Shawara na Kimiyya na Duniya na Kwalejin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Dr Musimbi Kanyoro - Homeward Bound |url=https://homewardboundprojects.com.au/profile/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=November 2018 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board |url=https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment |access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> Kanyoro ta yi aiki tare da tsohon shugaban Ireland [[Mary Robinson]] a kan ayyuka da yawa, gami da Kwamitin Daraktoci na Gaskiya Hakki: Da'a ta Globalization Initiative . Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) Reference Group.<ref>[http://www.familyplanning2020.org/about-us/reference-group FP2020 Reference Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015184343/http://www.familyplanning2020.org/about-us/reference-group|date=15 October 2018}} Family Planning 2020 (FP2020).</ref><ref>[https://www.mrfcj.org/about/international-advisory-council/ International Advisory Council] [[Mary Robinson|Mary Robinson Foundation – Climate Justice]].</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce memba na Kwamitin Taimako na Duniya na Majalisar Gidaje . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2012 |title=Global Philanthropy |url=http://www.cof.org/whoweserve/international/committee/index.cfm?navItemNumber=15638 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019231902/http://www.cof.org/whoweserve/international/committee/index.cfm?navItemNumber=15638 |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=19 October 2013 |publisher=[[Council on Foundations]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=November 2018 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board |url=https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment |access-date=16 January 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment "Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board"]. November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Kanyoro ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktoci na Cibiyar Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya ta Afirka, kuma ya kasance shugaban kwamitin Ayyukan ISIS na shekaru bakwai. Ta kuma yi aiki a kan allon [[Hadin Gwiwa Don Taimakawa A Ko Ina|KARI]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2011 |title=CARE Announces Board Member Musimbi Kanyoro |url=http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2012/10/care-new-board-members-kanyoro-janah-20121009.asp |access-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> Intra Health, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2010 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Joins Intra Health International Board of Directors |url=http://www.intrahealth.org/page/musimbi-kanyoro-joins-intrahealth-internationals-board-of-directors |access-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> CHANGE da Legacy Memory Bank, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2007 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Joins Board of Legacy Memory Bank |url=http://www.legacymemorybank.org/index.php?view=article&catid=36%3Abiography&id=69%3Amusimbi+kanyoro&option=com_content&Itemid=60 |access-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> kuma memba ne na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]]. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Karramawa da girmamawa == * 1999 - Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1999 |title=presented by Church Women United, USA, in recognition of commitment and dedication to global human rights of women |url=http://www.interpretermagazine.org/umns/usnews_archive.asp?ptid=2&story=%7BE510D330-9DC3-4E68-BAD0-D9C4B7837AD9%7D&mid=883 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 1999 - Doctor of Divinity (mai daraja), Trinity Lutheran Seminary, (TLS) Amurka, don muhimmiyar gudummawa ga tauhidin Kirista * 2000 - Kyautar Wittenberg <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2000 |title=presented by the Luther Institute, USA in recognition of outstanding service to church and society |url=http://www.elca.org/Who-We-Are/Our-Three-Expressions/Churchwide-Organization/Communication-Services/News/Releases.aspx?a=3673 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - an sanya shi a matsayin yabo na Jihar Kenya Moran na Order of the Burning Spear (MBS) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2005 |title=Selected Gazette Notices From Vol. CVII-No.85 |url=http://www.law.co.ke/KenyaGazette/view_gazette.php?title=1145 |access-date=18 October 2013 |publisher=Republic of Kenya}}</ref> * 2005 - Kyautar Mata ta Abinci <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2005 |title=African Women's Development Fund, Accra, Ghana |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200510241020.html |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - Kyautar Jagorancin Duniya, World Vision da International AIDS Trust, Amurka<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2005 |title=World Vision and International AIDS Trust, USA |url=http://www.abeingo.org/profiles/musimbi%20kanyoro.pdf |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - An zabi mata 1000 don kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2005 |title=Nominee, 1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize |url=http://www.worldywca.org/YWCA-News/World-YWCA-and-Member-Associations-News/World-YWCA-General-Secretary-Nominated-for-Nobel-Peace-Prize |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225504/http://www.worldywca.org/YWCA-News/World-YWCA-and-Member-Associations-News/World-YWCA-General-Secretary-Nominated-for-Nobel-Peace-Prize |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2006 - Mata, Jagora da Kyautar Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2006 |title=for significant contribution to advancement of human dignity, presented by Birmingham-South College, Birmingham, Alabama, USA |url=http://www.bsc.edu/communications/southern/summer06/summer-06.pdf |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2008 - Adireshin buɗewa: Nelson Mandela Lecture Series a [[Jami'ar Kudancin Australia]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2008 |title=presented by the University of South Australia and the Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre, Adelaide, Australia |url=http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkecentre/nml/default.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225422/http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkecentre/nml/default.asp |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2011 - Canja Fuskar Philanthropy <ref>{{Cite web |date=7–9 April 2011 |title=presented by the Women's Funding Network, San Francisco, California, USA |url=http://www.womensfundingnetwork.org/sites/wfnet.org/files/cfp-awards-presentation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021222737/http://www.womensfundingnetwork.org/sites/wfnet.org/files/cfp-awards-presentation.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2012 - Majalisar Bincike ta Kasa kan Mata 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2012 |title=30-year anniversary celebrating 30 outstanding women |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=208399678&privcapId=102269853&previousCapId=4976197&previousTitle=Arie%20and%20Ida%20Crown%20Memorial%20Foundation |access-date=21 October 2013}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gfdbgocucfvdd9rnomps8ffirsojvp7 839257 839255 2026-05-23T06:38:55Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Musimbi Kanyoro | image = File:Musimbi 2.jpg | birth_place = Migori County, [[Kenya]] | citizenship = [[Kenyan]] | occupation = {{ubl|Human rights advocate|Philanthropist|Academic}} | known_for = Leadership in global women's rights and philanthropy | title = Chairperson, International Board of United World Colleges | employer = United World Colleges; London School of Economics | organizations = Global Fund for Women; World YWCA; Lutheran World Federation; United Bible Societies; CARE; Aspen Leaders Council | notable_works = In Search of a Round Table: Gender, Theology and Church Leadership | education = [[University of Nairobi]]; [[University of Texas at Austin]] (PhD); San Francisco Theological Seminary | awards = Human Rights Award (1999); Wittenberg Award (2000) }} '''Musimbi Kanyoro''' mai rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ce, mai ayyukan taimakon jama'a (philanthropist), kuma masaniyar ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2014 |title=5 lessons for funding innovation for social change |url=https://www.devex.com/news/5-lessons-for-funding-innovation-for-social-change-84741 |website=Devex |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Musimbi Kanyoro {{!}} Women's Learning Partnership |url=https://learningpartnership.org/people/musimbi-kanyoro}}</ref> Ita ce shugabar Hukumar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Makarantun United World Colleges[3] sannan kuma mamba mai zaman kanta a makarantar .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheney |first=Catherine |date=2024-11-01 |title=Collective leadership is key to lasting impact, in education and beyond |url=https://www.devex.com/news/collective-leadership-is-key-to-lasting-impact-in-education-and-beyond-108630 |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=Devex |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Musimbi Kanyoro « The Uprising of Women in Philanthropy |url=https://uprisingofwomeninphilanthropy.com/the-author/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/ |access-date=2024-12-04}}</ref> Haka kuma ita ce ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians (“the Circle”), kuma ita ce mai kula da ita ta farko daga shekarar 1996 zuwa 2002. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Labeodan |first=Helen A. |date=2016-07-08 |title=Revisiting the legacy of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians today: A lesson in strength and perseverance |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v37i2.1586 |journal=Verbum et Ecclesia |volume=37 |issue=2 |doi=10.4102/ve.v37i2.1586 |issn=2074-7705 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Musimbi Kanyoro a yankin Migori, Kenya, inda ta halarci makarantar firamare kafin ta shiga makarantar Alliance Girls a [[Nairobi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Musimbi Kanyoro (Kenya) {{!}} WikiPeaceWomen – English |url=https://wikipeacewomen.org/wpworg/en/?page_id=3038 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=wikipeacewomen.org}}</ref> A matsayinta na daliba a cikin shekarun 1970s, ta goyi bayan yunkurin adawa da wariyar launin fata a [[Afirka ta Kudu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2013 |title=Star Power at a Global Women's Conference |url=http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/star-power-at-a-global-womens-conference/?_r=0 |access-date=21 October 2013 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Kanyoro ta sami digiri na farko daga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] da PhD a fannin Ilimin Harshe daga Jami'an Texas a Austin . Kanyoro daga baya ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tauhidin mata a San Francisco Theological Seminary . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lowery |first=Stephanie A. |date=2020-05-22 |title=9 African Women Theologians You Should Know About |url=https://theglobalchurchproject.com/african-women-theologians-you-should-know-about/ |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=The GlobalChurch Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance malamin da ya ziyarci [[Ibrananci]] da [[Tsohon Alkawari]] a Makarantar Allah ta Harvard . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Musimbi Kanyoro |url=https://unglobalcompact.org.au/speakers/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=UN Global Compact Network Australia |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Musimbi_Kanyoro_and_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpeg|thumb|Hillary Rodham Clinton da Musimbi Kanyoro a Asusun Duniya don Abincin Mata a watan Mayu 2013 a New York]] == Ayyuka == [[File:Kanyoro_Sirleaf.jpg|right|thumb|180x180px|Kanyoro tare da [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] .]] Kanyoro ta kasance babban sakatare, Desk for Women in Church and Society a Lutheran World Federation daga 1982 zuwa 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GU |date=20 June 2011 |title=A Discussion with Musimbi Kanyoro, CEO and President of the Global Fund for Women |url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/interviews/a-discussion-with-musimbi-kanyoro-ceo-and-president-of-the-global-fund-for-women |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> Ta kuma shirya littafin In Search of a Round Table: Gender, Theology and Church Leadership, a cikin 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Molloy |first=Cathy |date=Winter 1998 |title=Review: [Untitled] in Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30113966 |jstor=30113966 |access-date=27 July 2022}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga fassarar ga Ƙungiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta United . Daga 1998 zuwa 2007, Kanyoro ya zama Babban Sakatare na farko wanda ba fari ba na YWCA na Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salzman |first=Marian |title=10 Power Women Brands |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mariansalzman/2015/09/08/10-power-women-brands/ |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Kanyoro ya kasance darektan Shirin Lafiya da Rubuce-rubuce na Gidauniyar David da Lucile Packard daga 2007 zuwa 2011. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Duniya don Taron Duniya na Beijing kuma ta jagoranci wakilai zuwa Taron Duniya biyar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin 1990s. Daga 2018 har zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a kan Kwamitin Mai Zaman Kanta kan Halin Jima'i, Alhakin da Canjin Al'adu a Oxfam, wanda [[Zainab Bangura]] da Katherine Sierra suka jagoranci. Musimbi Kanyoro ita ce shugabar kuma Shugaba na Asusun Duniya na Mata daga 2011 zuwa 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lieberman |first=Amy |date=13 August 2019 |title=Some gender equality progress 'slipping away,' says former Global Fund for Women CEO |url=https://www.devex.com/news/some-gender-equality-progress-slipping-away-says-former-global-fund-for-women-ceo-95440}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a cikin allon da yawa, gami da Majalisar Shugabannin Aspen, Kwamitin CARE, Babban Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiya ta Haihuwa, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Kwamitin Gudanar da Gaggawa na Shugaban Amurka don Taimako na Cutar AIDS (PEPFAR) " da Kwamitin Ba Da Shawara na Kimiyya na Duniya na Kwalejin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Dr Musimbi Kanyoro - Homeward Bound |url=https://homewardboundprojects.com.au/profile/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=November 2018 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board |url=https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment |access-date=16 January 2019}}</ref> Kanyoro ta yi aiki tare da tsohon shugaban Ireland [[Mary Robinson]] a kan ayyuka da yawa, gami da Kwamitin Daraktoci na Gaskiya Hakki: Da'a ta Globalization Initiative . Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) Reference Group.<ref>[http://www.familyplanning2020.org/about-us/reference-group FP2020 Reference Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015184343/http://www.familyplanning2020.org/about-us/reference-group|date=15 October 2018}} Family Planning 2020 (FP2020).</ref><ref>[https://www.mrfcj.org/about/international-advisory-council/ International Advisory Council] [[Mary Robinson|Mary Robinson Foundation – Climate Justice]].</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce memba na Kwamitin Taimako na Duniya na Majalisar Gidaje . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2012 |title=Global Philanthropy |url=http://www.cof.org/whoweserve/international/committee/index.cfm?navItemNumber=15638 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019231902/http://www.cof.org/whoweserve/international/committee/index.cfm?navItemNumber=15638 |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=19 October 2013 |publisher=[[Council on Foundations]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=November 2018 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board |url=https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment |access-date=16 January 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment "Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board"]. November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Kanyoro ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktoci na Cibiyar Binciken Jama'a da Lafiya ta Afirka, kuma ya kasance shugaban kwamitin Ayyukan ISIS na shekaru bakwai. Ta kuma yi aiki a kan allon [[Hadin Gwiwa Don Taimakawa A Ko Ina|KARI]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2011 |title=CARE Announces Board Member Musimbi Kanyoro |url=http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2012/10/care-new-board-members-kanyoro-janah-20121009.asp |access-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> Intra Health, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2010 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Joins Intra Health International Board of Directors |url=http://www.intrahealth.org/page/musimbi-kanyoro-joins-intrahealth-internationals-board-of-directors |access-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> CHANGE da Legacy Memory Bank, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2007 |title=Musimbi Kanyoro Joins Board of Legacy Memory Bank |url=http://www.legacymemorybank.org/index.php?view=article&catid=36%3Abiography&id=69%3Amusimbi+kanyoro&option=com_content&Itemid=60 |access-date=19 October 2013}}</ref> kuma memba ne na [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]]. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Karramawa da girmamawa == * 1999 - Kyautar 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1999 |title=presented by Church Women United, USA, in recognition of commitment and dedication to global human rights of women |url=http://www.interpretermagazine.org/umns/usnews_archive.asp?ptid=2&story=%7BE510D330-9DC3-4E68-BAD0-D9C4B7837AD9%7D&mid=883 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 1999 - Doctor of Divinity (mai daraja), Trinity Lutheran Seminary, (TLS) Amurka, don muhimmiyar gudummawa ga tauhidin Kirista * 2000 - Kyautar Wittenberg <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2000 |title=presented by the Luther Institute, USA in recognition of outstanding service to church and society |url=http://www.elca.org/Who-We-Are/Our-Three-Expressions/Churchwide-Organization/Communication-Services/News/Releases.aspx?a=3673 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - an sanya shi a matsayin yabo na Jihar Kenya Moran na Order of the Burning Spear (MBS) <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2005 |title=Selected Gazette Notices From Vol. CVII-No.85 |url=http://www.law.co.ke/KenyaGazette/view_gazette.php?title=1145 |access-date=18 October 2013 |publisher=Republic of Kenya}}</ref> * 2005 - Kyautar Mata ta Abinci <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2005 |title=African Women's Development Fund, Accra, Ghana |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200510241020.html |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - Kyautar Jagorancin Duniya, World Vision da International AIDS Trust, Amurka<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2005 |title=World Vision and International AIDS Trust, USA |url=http://www.abeingo.org/profiles/musimbi%20kanyoro.pdf |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - An zabi mata 1000 don kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2005 |title=Nominee, 1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize |url=http://www.worldywca.org/YWCA-News/World-YWCA-and-Member-Associations-News/World-YWCA-General-Secretary-Nominated-for-Nobel-Peace-Prize |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225504/http://www.worldywca.org/YWCA-News/World-YWCA-and-Member-Associations-News/World-YWCA-General-Secretary-Nominated-for-Nobel-Peace-Prize |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2006 - Mata, Jagora da Kyautar Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2006 |title=for significant contribution to advancement of human dignity, presented by Birmingham-South College, Birmingham, Alabama, USA |url=http://www.bsc.edu/communications/southern/summer06/summer-06.pdf |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2008 - Adireshin buɗewa: Nelson Mandela Lecture Series a [[Jami'ar Kudancin Australia]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2008 |title=presented by the University of South Australia and the Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre, Adelaide, Australia |url=http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkecentre/nml/default.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225422/http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkecentre/nml/default.asp |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2011 - Canja Fuskar Philanthropy <ref>{{Cite web |date=7–9 April 2011 |title=presented by the Women's Funding Network, San Francisco, California, USA |url=http://www.womensfundingnetwork.org/sites/wfnet.org/files/cfp-awards-presentation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021222737/http://www.womensfundingnetwork.org/sites/wfnet.org/files/cfp-awards-presentation.pdf |archive-date=21 October 2013 |access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2012 - Majalisar Bincike ta Kasa kan Mata 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2012 |title=30-year anniversary celebrating 30 outstanding women |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=208399678&privcapId=102269853&previousCapId=4976197&previousTitle=Arie%20and%20Ida%20Crown%20Memorial%20Foundation |access-date=21 October 2013}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1687ctitxj4cq77tbxghmh7l19q6oue 0 148285 839210 822665 2026-05-23T00:17:08Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328384166|Yvette Abrahams]]" 839210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvette Ibrahims''' manomiyar noma ta gargajiya ce, ‘yar gwagwarmaya kuma masaniyar ilimin mata a ƙasar [[Afirka ta Kudu]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Zukiswa Pikoli |date=27 July 2021 |title=Hungry men and women are angry men and women, say activists |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-27-hungry-men-and-women-are-angry-men-and-women-say-activists/ |newspaper=Daily Maverick}}</ref> == Rayuwa == An haifi Yvette Abrahams a Cape Town a farkon shekarun 1960, <ref name="UCT">{{Cite web |title=Brief Profile of Yvette Abrahams |url=https://www.news.uct.ac.za/images/userfiles/downloads/media/Bio_YvetteAbrahams.pdf |website=University of Cape Town News}}</ref> 'yar' yan gwagwarmayar Namibiya Ottilie Ibrahims da [[Kenneth Abrahams|Kenneth Ibrahims]]. Ta girma a gudun hijira a Zambia, Ingila da Sweden. Da ta dawo karatu a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]], ta bar jami'a na ɗan lokaci don zama mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata.<ref name="UCT" /> Ibrahims ta sami MA a tarihi daga Jami'ar Sarauniya a Kingston, inda ta rubuta rubutun ta kan juriya ta [[Khoisan]]. A shekara ta 2002 ta sami Ph.D. a Tarihin tattalin arziki daga [[Jami'ar Cape Town]], <ref name="UCT" /> tare da rubutun 2000 akan [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]].<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Yvette Abrahams|title=Resistance, pacification and consciousness: a discussion of the historiography of Khoisan resistance from 1972 to 1993 and Khoisan resistance from 1652 to 1853|type=M.A.|publisher=Queen's University at Kingston|year=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|author=Yvette Abrahams|title=Colonialism, dysfunction and dysjuncture : the historiography of Sarah Bartmann|type=Ph.D.|publisher=University of Cape Town|year=2000}}</ref> == Ayyuka == == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bhhm8ieef8klkm84vlclhhjayb3mua4 839211 839210 2026-05-23T00:19:17Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Yvette Abrahams | birth_name = | birth_date = early 1960s | birth_place = [[Cape Town]] | alma_mater = * [[University of Cape Town]] * [[Queen's University at Kingston]] | occupation = * Organic farmer * Activist * Feminist scholar in [[South Africa]] | mother = Ottilie Abrahams | father = Kenneth Abrahams }} '''Yvette Ibrahims''' manomiyar noma ta gargajiya ce, ‘yar gwagwarmaya kuma masaniyar ilimin mata a ƙasar [[Afirka ta Kudu]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Zukiswa Pikoli |date=27 July 2021 |title=Hungry men and women are angry men and women, say activists |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-27-hungry-men-and-women-are-angry-men-and-women-say-activists/ |newspaper=Daily Maverick}}</ref> == Rayuwa == An haifi Yvette Abrahams a Cape Town a farkon shekarun 1960, <ref name="UCT">{{Cite web |title=Brief Profile of Yvette Abrahams |url=https://www.news.uct.ac.za/images/userfiles/downloads/media/Bio_YvetteAbrahams.pdf |website=University of Cape Town News}}</ref> 'yar' yan gwagwarmayar Namibiya Ottilie Ibrahims da [[Kenneth Abrahams|Kenneth Ibrahims]]. Ta girma a gudun hijira a Zambia, Ingila da Sweden. Da ta dawo karatu a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]], ta bar jami'a na ɗan lokaci don zama mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata.<ref name="UCT" /> Ibrahims ta sami MA a tarihi daga Jami'ar Sarauniya a Kingston, inda ta rubuta rubutun ta kan juriya ta [[Khoisan]]. A shekara ta 2002 ta sami Ph.D. a Tarihin tattalin arziki daga [[Jami'ar Cape Town]], <ref name="UCT" /> tare da rubutun 2000 akan [[Sarah baartman|Sarah Baartman]].<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Yvette Abrahams|title=Resistance, pacification and consciousness: a discussion of the historiography of Khoisan resistance from 1972 to 1993 and Khoisan resistance from 1652 to 1853|type=M.A.|publisher=Queen's University at Kingston|year=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|author=Yvette Abrahams|title=Colonialism, dysfunction and dysjuncture : the historiography of Sarah Bartmann|type=Ph.D.|publisher=University of Cape Town|year=2000}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Was Eva raped? An exercise in speculative History'', ''Kronos'', No. 23 (November 1996), pp.&nbsp;3–21. {{JSTOR|41056362 }} * ''The Great Long National Insult: 'Science', Sexuality and the Khoisan in the 18th And Early 19th Century'', ''Agenda'' 13: 32 (1997) * 'Images of Sarah Bartman: Sexuality, Race, and Gender in Early-Nineteenth-Century Britain', in Ruth Roach Pierson, Nupur Chaudhuri and Beth McAuley (eds.) ''Nation, Empire, Colony: Historicizing Gender and Race'', Indiana University Press, 1998, pp.&nbsp;220– * 'Ambiguity is my middle name: A research diary', in Nomboniso Gasa (ed.) ''Women in South African History: They Remove Boulders and Cross Rivers'', HSRC Press, 2007, pp.&nbsp;421– * (with Sharlene Khan, Pumla Dineo Gqola, Neelika Jayawardane and Betty Govinden) '“Thinking Through, Talking Back: Creative Theorisation as Sites of Praxis-Theory” – A creative dialogue between Sharlene Khan, Pumla Dineo Gqola, Yvette Abrahams, Neelika Jayawardane and Betty Govinden', ''Agenda'' 32:3 (2018), pp.&nbsp;109–118. == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8hywjpgl09ubtrpe92uehel69ummj0i 0 148287 839207 822669 2026-05-23T00:01:23Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353587312|Nomatemba Tambo]]" 839207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nomatemba Gugulethu Pudnixia Olivia Tambo''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Thembi Tambo''', an haife ta a shekarar 1957 <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=Nomatemba Tambo |url=https://trconversations.com/speakers/nomatemba-tambo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018180955/https://trconversations.com/speakers/nomatemba-tambo/ |archive-date=18 October 2022 |access-date=29 August 2022}}</ref>) jami’ar diflomasiyya ce kuma ‘yar siyasa mai asalin Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu. An naɗa ta a matsayin Babbar Jakadiyar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Birtaniya a watan Maris na shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Head |first=Tom |date=2018-03-16 |title=SA's new High Commissioner to the UK gets the Queen's approval |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-thembi-thambo-high-commissioner/ |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=The South African |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Jeremiah Nyamane Mamabolo ne ya gaje ta daga 1 ga Nuwamba 2022.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 November 2022 |title=His Excellency Jeremiah Nyamane Mamabolo travels to present his credentials to The Court of St James |url=https://southafricahouse.uk/his-excellency-jeremiah-nyamane-mamabolo-travels-to-present-his-credentials-to-the-court-of-st-james/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227235757/https://southafricahouse.uk/his-excellency-jeremiah-nyamane-mamabolo-travels-to-present-his-credentials-to-the-court-of-st-james/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=South African High Commission}}</ref> == Ilimi == Tambo yana da BA a Tarihi da Ingilishi a Jami'ar Roehampton da ke [[Landan]]. Wannan ya biyo bayan digiri na shari'a a [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] a shekara ta 2002. A shekara ta 2007, ta kammala karatunta na diflomasiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomatemba Tambo |url=https://www.tambofoundation.org.za/trustees/ms-nomatemba-tambo/ |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=Tambo Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Tambo ya kasance wani ɓangare na Anti-Apartheid Movement . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Life is a two-way street |url=http://islingtontribune.com/article/life-is-a-two-way-street |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=Islington Tribune |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Tambo 'yar [[Oliver Tambo]] ce. Ta halarci keɓewar mutum-mutumi a gare shi a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statue of anti-apartheid campaigner Oliver Tambo unveiled in Haringey {{!}} Haringey Council |url=https://www.haringey.gov.uk/news/statue-anti-apartheid-campaigner-oliver-tambo-unveiled-haringey |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=haringey.gov.uk}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ep7oq37db4a6slaeqn5e5eorb0kdvae 839209 839207 2026-05-23T00:02:29Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Thembi Tambo | birth_name = Nomatemba Gugulethu Pudnixia Olivia Tambo | birth_date = 1957 | citizenship = British; South African | occupation = Diplomat, politician | office = High Commissioner of South Africa to the United Kingdom | image = Anthony Mongalo Nomatemba Tambo Inaugurazione-parco-Oliver-Tambo.jpg | caption = Tambo (middle) | term_start = March 2018 | term_end = 1 November 2022 | successor = Jeremiah Nyamane Mamabolo | alma_mater = {{ubl|University of Roehampton|University of the Witwatersrand}} }} '''Nomatemba Gugulethu Pudnixia Olivia Tambo''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Thembi Tambo''', an haife ta a shekarar 1957 <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=Nomatemba Tambo |url=https://trconversations.com/speakers/nomatemba-tambo/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018180955/https://trconversations.com/speakers/nomatemba-tambo/ |archive-date=18 October 2022 |access-date=29 August 2022}}</ref>) jami’ar diflomasiyya ce kuma ‘yar siyasa mai asalin Birtaniya da Afirka ta Kudu. An naɗa ta a matsayin Babbar Jakadiyar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Birtaniya a watan Maris na shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Head |first=Tom |date=2018-03-16 |title=SA's new High Commissioner to the UK gets the Queen's approval |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-thembi-thambo-high-commissioner/ |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=The South African |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Jeremiah Nyamane Mamabolo ne ya gaje ta daga 1 ga Nuwamba 2022.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 November 2022 |title=His Excellency Jeremiah Nyamane Mamabolo travels to present his credentials to The Court of St James |url=https://southafricahouse.uk/his-excellency-jeremiah-nyamane-mamabolo-travels-to-present-his-credentials-to-the-court-of-st-james/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227235757/https://southafricahouse.uk/his-excellency-jeremiah-nyamane-mamabolo-travels-to-present-his-credentials-to-the-court-of-st-james/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=South African High Commission}}</ref> == Ilimi == Tambo yana da BA a Tarihi da Ingilishi a Jami'ar Roehampton da ke [[Landan]]. Wannan ya biyo bayan digiri na shari'a a [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] a shekara ta 2002. A shekara ta 2007, ta kammala karatunta na diflomasiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomatemba Tambo |url=https://www.tambofoundation.org.za/trustees/ms-nomatemba-tambo/ |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=Tambo Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Tambo ya kasance wani ɓangare na Anti-Apartheid Movement . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Life is a two-way street |url=http://islingtontribune.com/article/life-is-a-two-way-street |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=Islington Tribune |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Tambo 'yar [[Oliver Tambo]] ce. Ta halarci keɓewar mutum-mutumi a gare shi a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statue of anti-apartheid campaigner Oliver Tambo unveiled in Haringey {{!}} Haringey Council |url=https://www.haringey.gov.uk/news/statue-anti-apartheid-campaigner-oliver-tambo-unveiled-haringey |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=haringey.gov.uk}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9uqb4fa8ndyun34keuzgdnoxegb3byu 0 148289 839203 822674 2026-05-22T23:51:17Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349606194|Christina Jasson]]" 839203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christina 'Chrissie' Jasson''' ma’aikaciyar ofis ce kuma ‘yar ƙungiyar ƙwadago daga Port Elizabeth a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, wadda aka tuhume ta da cin amanar ƙasa a shari’ar Rivonia Trial. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Christina Jasson a shekara ta 1928. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Port Elizabeth . An haifi Christina Jasson a shekarar 1928. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Port Elizabeth . == Yunkurin siyasa == Ayyukanta na siyasa sun haɗa da jagorantar yajin aiki da yawa kuma tana aiki a cikin ƙungiyar kwadago inda ta shirya abinci, ma'aikatan kwalliya da ma'aikatan masana'antu. Ta yi aiki tare da [[Leslie Massina]], [[Raymond Mhlaba]], Wilton Mkwayi, Vuyisile Mini da Frances Baard.<ref>ANC Today. Volume 7, No. 18. 11—17 May 2007. http://www.anc.org.za/docs/anctoday/2007/at18.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064235/http://www.anc.org.za/docs/anctoday/2007/at18.htm|date=2017-09-04}} Accessed 29 August 2017</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin sakatariyar kwamitin Eastern Cape Action tsakanin 1954 da 1955. An zabi Jasson a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na Tarayyar Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu a taron kafa da aka gudanar a Gidan Ciniki a [[Johannesburg]], a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1954. Ta shiga taron kafa kungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACTU) a shekarar 1955 wanda ke wakiltar Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Masana'antu. Ta kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na Taron Kasa na SACTU a shekarar 1956. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christina Jasson &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/christina-jasson |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> Tana da ciki lokacin da aka zarge ta da cin amana kuma ta tsaya a gaban [[Shari'ar Rivonia]] Trial . Ta kasance daga cikin na biyu na masu makirci. An kama wadanda ake tuhuma 156 kuma aka kai su kurkukun [[Johannesburg]], wanda aka sani da 'Fort', inda aka raba maza da mata. Ba a san komai game da yanayin da mata suka fuskanta a lokacin da suke kurkuku ba. An haifi 'yarta a lokacin shari'ar. An sauke tuhumar cin amana. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2016 |title=60 Iconic Women — the people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=mg.co.za}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] [[Rukuni:'Yan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu]] gl8fs68vwzt7ydqgdq57my8tofsfng9 839204 839203 2026-05-22T23:53:08Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Christina Jasson | birth_date = 1928 | death_date = 1999 | birth_place = South Africa | citizenship = South African | occupation = Trade unionist, clerk | known_for = Anti-apartheid activism, labour organizing }} '''Christina 'Chrissie' Jasson''' ma’aikaciyar ofis ce kuma ‘yar ƙungiyar ƙwadago daga Port Elizabeth a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, wadda aka tuhume ta da cin amanar ƙasa a shari’ar Rivonia Trial. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Christina Jasson a shekara ta 1928. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Port Elizabeth . An haifi Christina Jasson a shekarar 1928. Ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Port Elizabeth . == Yunkurin siyasa == Ayyukanta na siyasa sun haɗa da jagorantar yajin aiki da yawa kuma tana aiki a cikin ƙungiyar kwadago inda ta shirya abinci, ma'aikatan kwalliya da ma'aikatan masana'antu. Ta yi aiki tare da [[Leslie Massina]], [[Raymond Mhlaba]], Wilton Mkwayi, Vuyisile Mini da Frances Baard.<ref>ANC Today. Volume 7, No. 18. 11—17 May 2007. http://www.anc.org.za/docs/anctoday/2007/at18.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904064235/http://www.anc.org.za/docs/anctoday/2007/at18.htm|date=2017-09-04}} Accessed 29 August 2017</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin sakatariyar kwamitin Eastern Cape Action tsakanin 1954 da 1955. An zabi Jasson a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na kasa na Tarayyar Mata ta Afirka ta Kudu a taron kafa da aka gudanar a Gidan Ciniki a [[Johannesburg]], a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1954. Ta shiga taron kafa kungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACTU) a shekarar 1955 wanda ke wakiltar Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Masana'antu. Ta kasance memba na kwamitin zartarwa na Taron Kasa na SACTU a shekarar 1956. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christina Jasson &#124; South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/christina-jasson |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> Tana da ciki lokacin da aka zarge ta da cin amana kuma ta tsaya a gaban [[Shari'ar Rivonia]] Trial . Ta kasance daga cikin na biyu na masu makirci. An kama wadanda ake tuhuma 156 kuma aka kai su kurkukun [[Johannesburg]], wanda aka sani da 'Fort', inda aka raba maza da mata. Ba a san komai game da yanayin da mata suka fuskanta a lokacin da suke kurkuku ba. An haifi 'yarta a lokacin shari'ar. An sauke tuhumar cin amana. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2016 |title=60 Iconic Women — the people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=mg.co.za}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == * https://web.archive.org/web/20170904065102/http://www.sahistory.org.za/1900s/1920s * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080316045933/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/people/lngoyi.html ANC historical documents] * Bernstein, Hilda, 1975. ''For Their Triumphs and for Their Tears - Women in Apartheid South Africa'', International Defence & Aid Fund, London, United Kingdom. * [http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/a/WomensAntiPass.htm "Women's Anti-Pass Law Campaigns in South Africa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161004131756/http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/a/WomensAntiPass.htm |date=4 October 2016 }}, About.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071114140908/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/womens-struggle/09August/menu.htm Women's Day March - 9 August 1956] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]] [[Rukuni:'Yan siyasan Afirka ta Kudu]] rew1t7mpyg5ul689zkuuo2n10teiejw 0 148351 839206 823109 2026-05-22T23:59:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839206 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Baomiavotse Vahinala Raharinirina</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ilimi | class="infobox-data" |Ph.D. a cikin Tattalin Arziki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alma Matar&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Jami'ar Versailles Saint Quentin, Faransa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ayyuka | class="infobox-data role" |Mataimakin Farfesa, Dan siyasa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An san shi da&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Ministan Muhalli da Ci Gaban Ci gaba, Madagascar |} {{Reflist}} '''Baomiavotse Vahinala Raharinirina''' mataimakiyar farfesa ce a Jami'ar Fianarantsoa kuma ɗan siyasa ne daga [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == Baomiavotse Vahinala Raharinirina tana da Ph.D. a cikin Tattalin Arziki da kuma digiri na biyu (DEA) a cikin Ci gaban Tattalin Ruwa da Yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2017 |title=Portrait: Baomiavotse Vahinala Raharinirina Douguet |url=https://www.madaction.net/portrait-baomiavotse-vahinala-raharinirina-douguet/ |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=Solidarité Madaction}}</ref> Tun daga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaban Madagascar na Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Sashin Masu zaman kansu. A baya, ta kasance Shugabar Ma'aikata ga Shugaban Madagascar daga Maris 2022 zuwa Afrilu 2023. A lokacin sake fasalin majalisar ministocin Gwamnatin Ntsay a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2020, an nada ta Ministan Muhalli da Ci Gaban Ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Speaker Baomiavotse Vahinala RAHARINIRINA |url=https://www.iucncongress2020.org/programme/speakers/baomiavotse-vahinala-raharinirina |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=IUCN World Conservation Congress 2020 |archive-date=January 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121100742/https://www.iucncongress2020.org/programme/speakers/baomiavotse-vahinala-raharinirina |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nouveau remaniement ministériel à Madagascar, un an après l'élection d'Andry Rajoelina – Jeune Afrique |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/888886/politique/nouveau-remaniement-ministeriel-a-madagascar-un-an-apres-lelection-dandry-rajoelina/ |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=JeuneAfrique.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Équipe gouvernementale : 40% de femmes ministres |url=https://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/politique/2020/01/30/equipe-gouvernementale-40-de-femmes-ministres/ |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=Midi Madagasikara}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar : 32 ministres nommés dont 22 arrivants |url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/madagascar-le-nouveau-gouvernement-comprend-22-nouveaux-ministres-et-10-reconduits-1081165.html |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=Réunion la 1ère}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2021 |title=ITV exclusive de Baomiavotse Vahinala Raharinirina, ministre malgache de l'environnement et du développement durable. |url=https://www.lejournaldesarchipels.com/2021/10/07/itv-exclusive-de-baomiavotse-vahinala-raharinirina-ministre-malgache-de-lenvironnement-et-du-developpement-durable/ |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=ECONOMIE CIRCULAIRE ET ENVIRONNEMENT DANS L'OCEAN INDIEN}}</ref> Kafin aikinta na siyasa a Madagascar, daga 2009 zuwa 2015, ta kasance malama a Jami'ar Versailles Saint Quentin a Faransa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAOMIAVOTSE VAHINALA RAHARINIRINA - UFR des sciences sociales 2009 |url=https://alumni.uvsq.fr/fr/cv/baomiavotse-vahinala-douguet/ufr-des-sciences-sociales/2009 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |website=Réseau des diplômés et étudiants de l'UVSQ Paris Saclay}}</ref> da kuma cibiyoyin ilimi na Malagasy. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2017 |title=Portrait: Baomiavotse Vahinala Raharinirina Douguet |url=https://www.madaction.net/portrait-baomiavotse-vahinala-raharinirina-douguet/ |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=Solidarité Madaction}}</ref> Ta kasance mai bincike ga Hukumar Tarayyar Turai daga Fabrairu 2012 zuwa Maris 2015, tana aiki a kan ayyukan bincike na [[Adalcin Muhalli|Adalci na muhalli]]. Daga 2015 zuwa 2017, ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Ilimi a Cibiyar Terra, sannan kuma a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan alhakin zamantakewa (CSR) daga Mayu 2018 zuwa Janairu 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAOMIAVOTSE VAHINALA RAHARINIRINA - UFR des sciences sociales 2009 |url=https://alumni.uvsq.fr/fr/cv/baomiavotse-vahinala-douguet/ufr-des-sciences-sociales/2009 |access-date=April 23, 2024 |website=Réseau des diplômés et étudiants de l'UVSQ Paris Saclay}}</ref> == Manazarta ==   [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] b3lb12wkw5o6b34ei1xvmxwb5piqwdm 0 148449 839225 824699 2026-05-23T03:27:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benedict Ako''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1968) [[Tanzaniya|Dan kasar Tanzania]] ne mai tsere mai nisa. Ako ta kasance zakara sau uku na [[Mount Meru Marathon|Dutsen Meru Marathon]] a [[Arusha]] (1993, 1994, 2002). <ref name="ARRS1">{{Cite web |title=Mount Meru Marathon |url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_MMeMa.htm |access-date=30 October 2010 |website=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |quote=}}</ref> Yana da rikodin "dukan masu zuwa" don aikin marathon mafi sauri a Tanzania, 2:13:46, wanda aka kafa 1 ga Agusta 1993 a Arusha.<ref name="ARRS2">{{Cite web |title=All-Comers Records- Marathon |url=https://www.arrs.run/AC_Mara.htm |access-date=30 October 2010 |website=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |quote= |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405064140/https://www.arrs.run/AC_Mara.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Gasar !Wurin da ake ciki !Sakamakon !Abin da ya faru |- |1997 |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya |[[Torino|Turin]], Italiya | align="center" |Na 25 |Tsawon tseren |- | rowspan="2" |1998 | rowspan="2" |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya | rowspan="2" |[[Marrakesh]], Maroko | align="center" |26th |Tsawon tseren |- | align="center" |Na 6 |Gasar ƙungiya |- | rowspan="2" |2001 | rowspan="2" |Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Half Marathon | rowspan="2" |[[Bristol]], Ingila | align="center" |Na 22 |Rabin marathon |- | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" |Na uku |Gasar ƙungiya |} === Mafi kyawun mutum === * Rabin marathon - 1:02:33 hours (2001) * Marathon - 2:13:53 hours (2001) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{World Athletics}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 8svgytow5chz2bzcryh5p70gn7kye2r 0 149160 839289 829729 2026-05-23T09:20:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Álvaro André Rodrigues da Silva''' (an haife shi a watan Nuwamba 14, 1989, a Paulista ), ko kuma kawai '''Branquinho''', ɗan wasan Brazil ne . A halin yanzu yana bugawa Manaus wasa . == Sana'a == Ya fara aikinsa a Salgueiro a shekarar 2009. Ba da daɗewa ba, ya koma América (PE), inda yake cikin ƙungiyar da ta sami damar shiga ƙungiyar Campeonato Pernambucano mai ƙarfi a shekarar 2010. Ya yi fice a Campeonato Pernambucano a shekarar 2011 kuma ya jawo hankalin Recife Sport, wacce ta ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin aro don ya fafata da Campeonato Brasileiro Série B a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2011 |title=Branquinho no Sport e outras novidades |url=http://www.blogdomequinha.com.br/2011/04/branquinho-no-sport-e-outras-novidades.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418194413/http://www.blogdomequinha.com.br/2011/04/branquinho-no-sport-e-outras-novidades.html |archive-date=2019-04-18 |access-date=2019-06-18 |publisher=Blog de Mequinha |language=pt}}</ref> Duk da haka, ɗan wasan bai samu damar yin wasa da yawa a ƙungiyar baƙar fata ba, kuma ya buga wasanni 8 kacal. Ya sanya hannu a matsayin aro tare da Santa Cruz a kakar wasa ta 2012 kuma ya buga wasa a shekarar 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2011 |title=superesportes.com.br |url=https://www.pe.superesportes.com.br/app/18,103/2011/12/23/noticia_santa_cruz,14519/santa-cruz-apresenta-branquinho-nesta-manha.shtml |language=pt}}</ref> An sanar da Branquinho a matsayin "babban ɗan wasa" ga Corinthians-AL a watan Disamba na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2012 |title=Corinthians Alagoano contrata meia-atacante Branquinho, ex-Santa Cruz |url=http://gazetaweb.globo.com/portal/noticia-old.php?c=329167&e= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208211054/http://gazetaweb.globo.com/portal/noticia-old.php?c=329167&e= |archive-date=8 December 2019 |access-date=18 June 2019 |publisher=Globo |language=pt}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ƙarshen Fabrairu na 2013 ya sanya hannu don Passo Fundo don buga wasa a Campeonato Gaúcho . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2013 |title=Trio de novidades no Passo Fundo |url=http://esportche.rs/2013/02/trio-de-novidades-no-passo-fundo/ |publisher=esportchê.rs |language=pt }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya koma ƙungiyar iyaye ta América (PE) don shiga rukuni na biyu na Campeonato Pernambuco a rabin na biyu na 2013, kafin ya sanya hannu don Linense don Campeonato Paulista na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2013 |title=Paulistão: Linense contrata ex-atacante de Sport e Santa Cruz |url=https://www.futebolinterior.com.br/futebol/Linense-SP/noticias/2013-12/Paulistao:-Linense-contrata-Branquinho-ex-Sport-e-Santa-Cruz |publisher=Futebol Interior |language=pt}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2014, Branquinho yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Brazil huɗu da suka sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Tarxien Rainbows ta Maltese Premier League a kakar wasa ta 2014–15. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2014 |title=Tarxien Rainbows Present New Signings |url=http://www.maltafootball.com/2014/08/09/tarxien-rainbows-present-new-signings/ |publisher=maltafootball.com}}</ref> Bai gama kakar wasa ba, kuma a watan Janairun 2015 ya koma Brazil da kuma Passo Fundo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2015 |title=Branquinho volta ao EC Passo Fundo |url=https://diariodamanha.com/noticias/branquinho-volta-ao-ec-passo-fundo/ |publisher=Diário da Manhã |language=pt}}</ref> A cikin Mayu 2015, Caxias do Sul ya gabatar da Branquinho a matsayin ƙarfafawa ga 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2015 |title=S.E.R. Caxias apresenta mais dois reforços para a Série C |url=http://www.sercaxias.com.br/imprensa/noticias_detalhes/822 |publisher=S.E.R. Caxias do Sul Official Site |language=pt }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan watanni uku, da rabin dozin wasanni da aka buga, ya koma Ypiranga don yakin neman zaben su na 2015 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, wanda ya ƙare a ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2015 |title=Ypiranga apresentará novo atacante nesta quarta |url=http://www.yfc.com.br/noticia/ypiranga-apresentara-novo-atacante-nesta-quarta/ |publisher=Ypiranga F.C. Official Site |language=pt}}</ref> <ref name="rdplanato">{{Cite web |date=9 November 2015 |title=Branquinho está de volta ao Esporte Clube Passo Fundo |url=http://rdplanalto.com/noticias/12701/upf.br |publisher=rádio planato |language=pt}}</ref> Branquinho ya koma Passo Fundo a karo na uku a watan Nuwamba na 2015, a lokacin da za a buga gasar Campeonato Gaúcho ta 2016. <ref name="rdplanato"/> A watan Yunin 2016 ya koma América (PE), inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a kakar wasa ta Campeonato Brasileiro Série D ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2016 |title=Com dois de Branquinho, América-PE bate o Galícia na abertura da Série D |url=http://globoesporte.globo.com/pe/caruaru-regiao/futebol/noticia/2016/06/com-dois-de-branquinho-america-pe-bate-o-galicia-na-abertura-da-serie-d.html |publisher=Globo Esporte |language=pt}}</ref> A cikin 2017 Branquinho ya fara taimaka wa Novo Hamburgo don lashe Campeonato Gaúcho, sannan ya taimaka wa São Bento ya ci nasara daga 2017 Campeonato Brasileiro Série C. [1] Ya koma Novo Hamburgo a farkon rabin kakar 2018 kuma ya zauna don wakiltar su a cikin 2018 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D, kafin ya shiga tare da São Bento kuma ya zira kwallaye a wasan farko na gida da Coritiba a kan 24 Yuli 2018. [2] A cikin Janairu 2019, Branquinho ya sanya hannu tare da Brasil de Pelotas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2019 |title=Campeão gaúcho em 2017, Branquinho quer repetir o feito no Brasil de Pelotas |url=https://www.bol.uol.com.br/esporte/2019/01/18/campeao-gaucho-em-2017-branquinho-quer-repetir-o-feito-no-brasil-de-pelotas.htm |publisher=bol.uol.com.br |language=pt |access-date=4 May 2026 |archive-date=24 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124065217/https://www.bol.uol.com.br/esporte/2019/01/18/campeao-gaucho-em-2017-branquinho-quer-repetir-o-feito-no-brasil-de-pelotas.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] ekrwqvoqjobzgnxb94184s7dv0l1k8p 0 149163 839254 829736 2026-05-23T06:28:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Miranda dos Santos''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1977), wanda aka fi sani da '''Binho''', tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Brazil wanda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . A watan Yunin 2007 Iraklis ya saye shi amma an sake shi kyauta a lokacin musayar 'yan wasa na watan Janairu. == Daraja == ; Vitória Setúbal * Taça de Portugal : 2004–05 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Binho at ForaDeJogo (archived) * {{In lang|pt}} [http://www.lpfp.pt/bwin_Liga/Pages/Pessoa.aspx?epoca=20062007&clube=vsetubal&jogador=417 lpfp.pt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215012224/http://www.lpfp.pt/bwin_Liga/Pages/Pessoa.aspx?epoca=20062007&clube=vsetubal&jogador=417 |date=2008-02-15 }} * {{In lang|pt}} [http://www.cbf.com.br/php/registro.php?i=131867 Brazilian FA archive]{{Dead link|date=December 2019}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] guv2iv5wyabz2yuvb6w3l0h0ej8so4e 0 149645 839147 831609 2026-05-22T20:48:39Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355528606|Mary Maulidi Khembo]]" 839147 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Mary Maulidi Khembo''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Malawian . An zabe ta a majalisa a Zaben 2025 inda aka zaba ta don jagorantar kungiyar mata ta Malawi . == Rayuwa == An zabi Khembo a shekarar 2014 zuwa, yanzu an maye gurbinsa, mazabar Neno ta Kudu a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 2019. An zabe ta zuwa majalisa a zaben 2025 a watan Satumba a daidai lokacin da Mutani Tambala[1] ya zama dan majalisar wakilai na Jam'iyyar Demokaradiyya. An zabi Khembo a Neno Gabas da Tambala a Neno ta Kudu. Masu fafutuka da suka yi ta kokarin karfafa mata ‘yan takara sun rike Neno a matsayin “mafiyar ‘yar wasan Malawi a wakilcin mata a siyasance” kamar yadda kuma suke da Martha Chapendeka a matsayin kansila a Neno North.[2] Ta doke Patrick Kankwatira da Ismael Pius kuma dukkansu sun kai kara ga hukumar zaben Malawi inda suka ce an tafka kura-kurai amma aka yi watsi da karar. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] A cikin zaɓen 2025 a Malawi, yawan mata a majalisa ya karu daga 40 zuwa 48, amma a cikin majalisa mai girma. An zabe ta a matsayin sabon shugaban kungiyar mata ta Malawi a watan Nuwamba. Za ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Neno East Constituency member of Parliament Mary Maulidi Khembo has been elected chairperson |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1285591466933554&id=100064481388635&set=a.637876708371703 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Adadin mata 'yan majalisa sun karu, amma kashi ya kasance a kusan kashi 20%. Khembo ta bude wani bita a watan Fabrairun 2026 na ƙungiyar mata, tana lura da nasarorin da aka samu a wakilcin mata a sabuwar majalisa. [[Abiodun Olujimi]] ta halarci a madadin Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Afirka, Fenella Frost ta wakilci UNDP kuma Fatma Mahomed ta fito ne daga Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cuugrsqaxwvnssg593koks1vhd9o04q 0 149647 839146 831602 2026-05-22T20:47:20Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355466996|Chrissie Kanyasho]]" 839146 wikitext text/x-wiki    Chrissie Kanyasho 'yar siyasa ce 'yar kasar Malawi wacce mamba ce a majalisar dokokin kasar wacce ta wakilci Nkhata bay North. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar lafiya a lokacin cutar ta COVID-19. Ta rasa kujerar ta a zaben 2025. == Rayuwa == An haifi Kanyasho a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chrissie Kanyasho |url=https://data.connectedafrica.net/entities/986add83677f46e45728b5e7abbe05fd0f63ed15.a48ed84cefe5133c6d7d900dc9ae1ed1c59a4c17 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=data.connectedafrica.net}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na United Transformation Movement kuma tana wakiltar mazabar Nkhata bay North . An fara zabar ta ne a zaben Mayu 2019. <ref name="pwc">{{Cite web |title=Hon.Chrissie Kanyasho – PWC Malawi |url=https://pwcmalawi.org/hon-chrissie-kanyasho/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Kungiyar Mata ta Majalisar Dokokin Malawi kuma ta zauna a kwamitin kasafin kudi da kwamitin Pan African . <ref name="pwc" /> A cikin 2020 mataimakin sakataren yada labarai na jam'iyyar ta yanke shawarar barin jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party wadanda ke cikin gwamnati a lokacin. Kanyasho wanda ya riga ya kasance mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar a kan kudi ya kuma dauki matsayin mataimakin tallatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-27 |title=UTM appoints MP Kanyasho as deputy publicist: Faults Mid-Year Budget |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-appoints-mp-kanyasho-as-deputy-publicist-faults-mid-year-budget/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar aka sake gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa kuma an zabi [[Lazarus Chakwera]]. Ya ce zai kara mukaman ministoci zuwa kashi 40% mata. Ya kusan rasa burinsa amma ya nada mata hudu a matsayin ministoci da takwas a matsayin mataimakan ministoci. Kanyasho ya zama mataimakin ministan lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed feelings on Malawi's new cabinet |url=https://genderlinks.org.za/news/missed-opportunity-for-50-50-in-malawis-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Gender Links}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta karbi kayayyaki daga China. Kasar Sin ta aika da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na dala miliyan daya wanda ya hada da kayan gwaji, masu iska talatin da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya. Za a rarraba kayan zuwa asibitoci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project {{!}} china.aiddata.org |url=https://china.aiddata.org/projects/92591/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=china.aiddata.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021 Shugaban ya ayyana dokar ta-baci a fadin kasar saboda barkewar cutar. A cikin Yuli 2021 ta lura cewa ƙasar na fuskantar bullar cutar ta uku kuma tana gode wa jama'a, coci da Action for Progress Malawi saboda taimakonsu.[1] A cikin 2023 ta yi amfani da asusun ci gaban mazabarta don ƙirƙirar sararin ofis don malamai a makarantar Nthembo a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=UTM lawmaker Kalamula-Kanyasho hands over office block to Nthembo School |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-lawmaker-kalamula-kanyasho-hands-over-office-block-to-nthembo-school/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kasance dan takarar mazabar Nkhata Bay ta Arewa a Zaben 2025. Ta samu kusan kuri'u 2,000, amma Mackenzie Chipalamoto na DPP wanda ke da kuri'u sama da 4,600 ya doke ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mvona |first=Ralph |date=2025-09-19 |title=Rise, fall of giants in MPs' race |url=https://mwnation.com/rise-fall-of-giants-in-mps-race/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7z3anp7jwv9ysxeyrqavbpyvthj9m66 0 149977 839087 832578 2026-05-22T19:23:32Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354532153|Chidi Nwanu]]" 839087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chidi Nwanu''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1967 a [[Port Harcourt]] ) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya na tsakiya]] . <ref name="nft">{{NFT player|14754|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> Ya lashe wasanni 11 a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]], <ref name="nft" /> kuma yana cikin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1994 da kuma gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988 . A shekarar 1988, lokacin da yake bugawa ACB Lagos wasa, koci Patrick Ekeji ya ayyana Nwanu a matsayin wanda ba ya so. Nwanu ya ci gaba da bugawa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a Belgium kafin ƙungiyar Jupiler League ta KSK Beveren ta ɗauke shi. Bayan shekaru uku, ya koma Anderlecht, wadda ta lashe gasar sau biyu a lokacin zamansa. Nwanu ya buga wasanni kaɗan; ya yi ritaya bayan rashin nasara a RKC Waalwijk . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] s557f2aood2ibgjndi474miwugy30p5 839088 839087 2026-05-22T19:23:50Z Sardeeq 39275 839088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chidi Nwanu''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1967 a [[Port Harcourt]] ) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya na tsakiya]] . <ref name="nft">{{NFT player|14754|access-date=1 June 2021}}</ref> Ya lashe wasanni 11 a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]], <ref name="nft" /> kuma yana cikin 'yan wasan da suka fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1994 da kuma gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988 . A shekarar 1988, lokacin da yake bugawa ACB Lagos wasa, koci Patrick Ekeji ya ayyana Nwanu a matsayin wanda ba ya so. Nwanu ya ci gaba da bugawa a ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a Belgium kafin ƙungiyar Jupiler League ta KSK Beveren ta ɗauke shi. Bayan shekaru uku, ya koma Anderlecht, wadda ta lashe gasar sau biyu a lokacin zamansa. Nwanu ya buga wasanni kaɗan; ya yi ritaya bayan rashin nasara a RKC Waalwijk . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] oeaz67xc1a6fptqq0rc9nd7kcnbego1 0 150052 839273 837132 2026-05-23T08:20:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Boluwatife Akinyode''' listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1994) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya na tsakiya]] ga Loudoun United a gasar USL Championship . == Sana'a == === Matasa da kwaleji === An haifi Akinyode a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas, Najeriya]], kuma ya koma Amurka ya shiga Kwalejin Red Bulls ta New York . Ya yi kyaftin a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 Academy kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23. Akinyode ya kuma buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji a Jami'ar Seton Hall daga 2011 zuwa 2014. Yayin da yake tare da Pirates, ɗan wasan tsakiya mai riƙe da kambun ya buga wasanni 63 inda ya zura kwallaye 5 kuma ya taimaka wajen zura kwallaye 4. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bolu Akinyode Seton Hall Pirates |url=http://www.shupirates.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/bolu_akinyode_849225.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419204637/http://www.shupirates.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/bolu_akinyode_849225.html |archive-date=2015-04-19}}</ref> Ya kuma buga wasa a gasar Premier Development League a NJ-LUSO Parma . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 NJ-LUSO Parma stats |url=http://uslpdl.com/teams/2014/8986441.html#STATS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103065510/http://www.uslpdl.com/teams/2014/8986441.html#STATS |archive-date=3 January 2015 |access-date=19 April 2015 |website=USLPDL.com |publisher=Premier Development League}}</ref> === Ƙwararren === Akinyode ya rattaba hannu da New York Red Bulls II a ranar 18 ga Afrilu, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Red Bulls II sign Academy product Bolu Akinyode |url=http://www.newyorkredbulls.com/news/2015/04/new-york-red-bulls-ii-sign-red-bulls-academy-product-bolu-akinyode |access-date=18 April 2015}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a kulob din a ranar, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Charleston Battery . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Abang's equalizer gives NYRB II gutsy road point at Blackbaud |url=http://www.newyorkredbulls.com/news/2015/04/match-recap-charleston-battery-1-new-york-red-bulls-ii-1 |access-date=18 April 2015}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2015, Akinyode ya zura kwallonsa a matsayin ƙwararre, inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a bugun da ya buga a bugun da ya yi da kai a wasan da suka doke Louisville City FC da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NYRB II Overcomes Two Deficits, Downs Louisville |url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=32800&ATCLID=210320831 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914170849/http://www.uslsoccer.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=32800&ATCLID=210320831 |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Disamba, 2015, Akinyode ya sanya hannu da Bethlehem Steel FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-11 |title=Bethlehem Steel FC sign Boluwatife Akinyode, Michael Daly and Gabe Gissie |url=http://www.philadelphiaunion.com/post/2015/12/11/bethlehem-steel-fc-sign-boluwatife-akinyode-michael-daly-and-gabe-gissie |access-date=2019-04-08 |publisher=Philadelphia Union}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Janairu, 2017, North Carolina FC ta sanar da cewa ta sayi Akinyode. A ranar 4 ga Janairu, 2018, Akinyode ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar USL Nashville SC . A ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2019, Akinyode ya koma Birmingham Legion FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=LEGION FC SIGNS FORWARD NECO BRETT, MIDFIELDER BOLU AKINYODE |url=https://www.bhmlegion.com/news_article/show/1072192 |access-date=17 December 2019 |website=bhmlegion.com |archive-date=18 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218004551/https://www.bhmlegion.com/news_article/show/1072192 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2021, Akinyode ya sanya hannu da kungiyar Miami FC ta Amurka a gasar USL Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=Miami FC |date=15 January 2021 |title=Miami FC Acquires Midfielder Bolu Akinyode from Birmingham |url=https://www.miamifc.com/news_article/show/1140868 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115153205/https://www.miamifc.com/news_article/show/1140868 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=Miami FC |language=en-us}}</ref> Akinyode ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta USL Championship El Paso Locomotive a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2023 kafin kakar wasa ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=USLChampionship com Staff |date=November 6, 2023 |title=Locomotive FC brings aboard veteran midfielder Bolu Akinyode |url=https://www.uslchampionship.com/news_article/show/1290522-locomotive-fc-brings-aboard-veteran-midfielder-bolu-akinyode |website=USL Championship}}</ref> Akinyode ya koma Miami FC a watan Janairun 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Center back Bolu Akinyode returns to Miami FC |url=https://www.miamifc.com/news/2025/01/21/center-back-bolu-akinyode-returns-to-miami-fc/}}</ref> Akinyode da Miami FC sun amince su rabu a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Miami Football Club announced today that it has mutually agreed to part ways with Bolu Akinyode. |url=https://x.com/TheMiamiFC/status/1963610538715288062 |access-date=4 September 2025 |website=Twitter.com |publisher=[[Miami FC]]}}</ref> === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === Akinyode ya wakilci Najeriya a matakin ƙungiyar ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14. A shekarar 2012 Tab Ramos ya kira Akinyode don halartar sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 na Amurka . [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1hag0f89261oi3kgmhn9zqwkj43ear5 0 150206 839037 833212 2026-05-22T13:57:39Z Saad Nuhu 43323 839037 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Georginio Rutter 24012026 (4).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox person | suna = Georginio Rutter | cikakken_suna = Georginio Rutter | ranar_haihuwa = 20 Fabrairu 2002 | wurin_haihuwa = L’Haÿ-les-Roses, Faransa | tsawo = 1.82 m | matsayi = Striker / Forward | kungiya_yanzu = Leeds United | lambar_riga = 24 }}''' '''Georginio Rutter''' (an haife shi a ranar 20 Fabrairu 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Faransa wanda ke taka leda a matsayin gaba (forward). A halin yanzu yana buga wasa a kulob ɗin Leeds United da ke Ingila. Ya shahara da saurin gudu, iya sarrafa ƙwallo da kuma ƙwarewar kammala kai hari. <ref name="bbcprofile">BBC Sport – Player Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Georginio Rutter ya taso ne a L’Haÿ-les-Roses, wani yanki kusa da Paris a Faransa. Tun yana ƙarami ya fara nuna sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa, inda ya shiga ƙungiyoyin matasa daban-daban kafin daga bisani ya shiga tsarin horar da matasa na Rennes. <ref name="rennesacademy">Stade Rennais Academy Records</ref> A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, an lura da cewa yana da hazaka wajen dribbling da iya zura ƙwallo, wanda ya sa masu horarwa suka fara ba shi dama cikin ƙungiyoyin matasa masu matakin sama. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen samun damar shiga kwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru cikin sauƙi. <ref name="youthdev">French Youth Football Development Review</ref> == Ayyukan kulob == === Rennes === Rutter ya fara taka leda a babban ƙungiyar Rennes, inda ya fara fitowa a Ligue 1. Duk da ƙarancin shekarunsa, ya nuna ƙwazo a wasu wasanni, wanda ya jawo hankalin manyan kulob-kulob na Turai. <ref name="ligue1stats">Ligue 1 Official Statistics</ref> A Rennes, an fi amfani da shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba mai motsi, yana taimakawa wajen kai hari da kuma samar da damammaki ga sauran ‘yan wasa. === TSG Hoffenheim === A shekarar 2021, Rutter ya koma kulob ɗin Jamus na TSG Hoffenheim. A nan ne ya samu ƙarin gogewa a Bundesliga, inda ya fara zura kwallaye da taimaka wa abokan wasa. <ref name="bundesliga">Bundesliga Official Records</ref> A Hoffenheim, salon wasansa ya ƙara balaga, inda ya fara taka rawar gani a matsayin ɗan gaba mai iya komawa baya don taimakawa tsakiyar fili. === Leeds United === A Janairu 2023, Rutter ya koma Leeds United a gasar Premier League ta Ingila. An saye shi da kuɗi mai yawa, wanda ya nuna yadda kulob ɗin ke da ƙwarin gwiwa a kansa. <ref name="leedsannounce">Leeds United Official Announcement</ref> A Leeds, ana amfani da shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba mai sassauci, wanda zai iya taka rawar striker ko kuma winger. Duk da cewa yana ci gaba da daidaitawa da gasar Ingila, yana nuna ƙwarewa da ci gaba a kowane wasa. == Salon wasa == Georginio Rutter ɗan wasa ne mai haɗa sauri, fasaha da ƙwarewar kammala hari. Yana da ikon dribbling a cikin ƙaramin fili, yana kuma iya ƙirƙirar damammaki ga abokan wasa. Ana kuma yaba masa da iya motsi ba tare da ƙwallo ba, wanda ke taimaka masa wajen samun matsayi mai kyau kafin kai hari. <ref name="analysisfootball">European Football Tactical Analysis Journal</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Rutter yana rayuwa ne mai natsuwa, kuma yana mai da hankali kan ci gaban aikinsa a ƙwallon ƙafa. Ba a san shi da shiga manyan rikice-rikicen kafafen sada zumunta ba, yana fi mayar da hankali kan horo da wasanni. == Kammalawa == Georginio Rutter yana daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan gaba masu tasowa a Turai. Tare da ci gaba da gogewa a gasar Premier League, ana sa ran zai ƙara zama fitaccen ɗan wasa a nan gaba. == Manazarta == <references /> oob12hqgri40scpjphcrr9k8zpn76gn 0 150530 839035 834107 2026-05-22T13:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anouk Anna Hoogendijk''' ( ; an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Mayu 1985) tsohuwar ƙwararriyar ƴar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Holland wadda ta buga wa Ajax wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƴar wasan tsakiya]] ko [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] . Ana yi mata lakabi da ''Noukie'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANOUK HOOGENDIJK: THE SWEET NO.6 |url=https://goonercore.wordpress.com/2014/02/17/anouk-hoogendijk-the-sweet-no-6/ |access-date=25 July 2016 |publisher=Goonercore}}</ref> Ta kasance cikakkiyar ƴar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa tare da wasanni sama da 100 tun daga 2004 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Holland, ta wakilci ƙasar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA da kuma gasannin UEFA mata guda biyu na Euro . Ta buga wa Bristol Academy Women wasa a karon farko a gasar FA WSL ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2011 |title=Bristol swoop to sign trio from Holland |url=http://www.shekicks.net/news/view/2355 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401135556/http://www.shekicks.net/news/view/2355 |archive-date=1 April 2012 |access-date=1 February 2011 |publisher=She Kicks}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Hoogendijk ta shahara tana da shekaru 12, a matsayin wacce ta fafata a shirin talabijin na "Geef Nooit Op" (Never Give Up). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anouk Hoogendijk |url=http://en.archive.dr.infra.uefa.com/competitions/woco/players/Player=62466/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151206160322/http://en.archive.dr.infra.uefa.com/competitions/woco/players/Player%3D62466/index.html |archive-date=6 December 2015 |access-date=24 July 2013 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ta yi fatan yin atisaye da FC Utrecht, kuma bayan ta yi wasa da Saestum, daga karshe ta sanya hannu a Utrecht a farkon gasar Eredivisie Vrouwen a shekarar 2007. Hoogendijk ta cimma burinta na yin wasa a ƙasashen waje lokacin da ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin watanni takwas da Bristol Academy, ƙungiyar Ingila WSL a watan Janairun 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2011 |title=Anouk Hoogendijk maakt zich op voor Engels avontuur |url=http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/3562/Voetbal/article/detail/566015/2011/02/01/Anouk-Hoogendijk-maakt-zich-op-voor-Engels-avontuur.dhtml |access-date=1 February 2011 |publisher=AD Sportwereld |language=Dutch}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2012, Hoogendijk ta koma Utrecht, kafin ta koma sabuwar ƙungiyar Ajax Vrouwen da aka kafa a watan Mayun 2012. Canja wurin ya zama "mafarki da ya cika" ga Hoogendijk domin ta kasance mai goyon bayan ƙungiyar maza ta Ajax a matsayin 'yar shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2012 |title=Ook Anouk Hoogendijk naar Ajax |url=http://www.at5.nl/artikelen/81830/ook-anouk-hoogendijk-naar-ajax |access-date=24 July 2013 |publisher=[[AT5]] |language=Dutch}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2014, Hoogendijk ta sanya hannu a kulob din Arsenal Ladies na Ingila. Duk da haka, saboda raunin da ta ji a baya, ta buga wasanni 3 kacal a wannan kakar wasa a Landan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANOUK HOOGENDIJK: "IK HEB HET PLEZIER WEER TERUG" |url=http://www.vrouwenvoetbalnieuws.nl/anouk-hoogendijk-plezier-weer-terug/ |website=Vrouwen Voetbal Nieuws.nl |language=Dutch }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anouk Hoogendijk joins Arsenal Ladies |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/anouk-hoogendijk-joins-arsenal-ladies |access-date=25 July 2016 |website=Arsenal.com |publisher=[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anouk Hoogendijk verruilt Ajax voor Arsenal |url=http://www.nusport.nl/voetbal/3673978/anouk-hoogendijk-verruilt-ajax-arsenal.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220080651/http://www.nusport.nl/voetbal/3673978/anouk-hoogendijk-verruilt-ajax-arsenal.html |archive-date=20 February 2014 |access-date=25 July 2016 |publisher=Nu.nl}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2014, Hoogendijk ta koma Ajax Vrouwen a kakar wasa ta 2014–15. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoogendijk second acquisition for women's team |url=http://www.ajax.nl/streams/ajax-actueel/hoogendijk-second-acquisition-for-womens-team.htm |access-date=25 July 2016 |website=Ajax.nl |publisher=[[AFC Ajax]]}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Mayun 2016, ta sanar a shafinta [[Instagram|na Instagram]] cewa za ta tsawaita kwantiraginta na shekara daya da Ajax Vrouwen . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blij dat ik nog een jaar voor @afcajax ga spelen! |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BGBljKwyNOS/ |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108044734/https://www.instagram.com/p/BGBljKwyNOS/ |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=25 July 2016 |website=Instagram |publisher=Anouk Hoogendijk on [[Instagram]] |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[Fayil:UEFA13_NL_06_Hoogendijk_Anouk_130711_GER-NL_0-0_211303_3695.jpg|left|thumb|Hoogendijk tana buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar a gasar cin kofin mata ta UEFA Euro 2013, 0-0 da Jamus a Växjö.]] A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2004, Hoogendijk ta fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Netherlands wasa, a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinta a wasan da Japan ta sha kashi da ci 2-0 a hannunta a Zeist . <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Matches (Women) 2004 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/intland-wom04.html |access-date=26 May 2010 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Hoogendijk ta buga wasa a kowace wasa yayin da Netherlands ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin mata ta UEFA ta 2009. A wasan kusa da na karshe na bugun fenariti da Faransa, ta buga bugun da ya yi nasara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burke |first=Chris |date=4 September 2009 |title=Pauw revels in penalty foresight |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/01dd-0e11b7375e0c-d74ac980f94e-1000--pauw-revels-in-penalty-foresight/ |access-date=24 July 2013 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2013, kocin ƙungiyar ƙasa Roger Reijners ya zaɓi Hoogendijk a cikin tawagar Netherlands don gasar UEFA Women's Euro 2013 a [[Sweden]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2013 |title=Trio miss cut in Netherlands squad |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/020a-0e141a15fbbb-55b8e880af32-1000--trio-miss-cut-in-netherlands-squad/ |access-date=24 July 2013 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Yayin da take taka leda a fannin tsaro, Hoogendijk ta ba da gudummawa ga wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 0-0 da zakarun Jamus a wasan farko na ƙungiyar. Ta yi takaici lokacin da rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Norway da Iceland ya sanya Netherlands a wasan da aka yi a zagaye na farko: "Na san ba ƙarshen duniya ba ne amma a yau yana jin kamar ƙarshen duniya ne." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crompton |first=Sam |date=17 July 2013 |title=Iceland's Jónsdóttir celebrates 'fantastic' feat |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/020b-0e1430269231-5ac2cc45eccb-1000--iceland-s-jonsdottir-celebrates-fantastic-feat/ |access-date=24 July 2013 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> === Takaitaccen bayani na ƙasashen duniya === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Shekara ! {{Abbr|Apps|Appearances}} ! {{Abbr|Min|Minutes played}} ! {{Abbr|Gls|Goals}} ! Kwallaye a kowane minti 90. |- | 2004–2015 | 103 | 7560 | 9 | 0.10 |} == Daraja == === Kulob === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] ==manazarta== joae9u5i7712f3ndsng1ub9apy6m9i1 0 150542 839214 834131 2026-05-23T00:38:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bas Edo Kuipers''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1994) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na hagu]] a ƙungiyar Primeira Liga ta Arouca, a matsayin aro daga Twente . == Aikin kulob == === Ajax === An haifi Kuipers a Amsterdam, an ɗauke shi aiki a makarantar matasa ta AFC Ajax a shekara ta 2001 bayan an gano shi a lokacin bikin Talentendagen na shekara-shekara na ƙungiyar ( ''kwanakin baiwa'' ) inda yara ƙanana za su iya zuwa buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Ajax don samun damar shiga makarantar matasa da aka santa da ita a ƙungiyar. Ya shiga zaɓen ɗaliban F1 da farko daga inda ya ci gaba ta kowane mataki na tsarin matasa na ƙungiyar. A ranar 15 ga Maris 2013, Kuipers ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru da Ajax, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da zai sa shi ya ci gaba da zama a ƙungiyar har zuwa ranar 30 ga Yuni 2015. Kuipers ya shiga sansanin horon ƙungiyar a lokacin shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa, inda ya buga wasanni biyu na sada zumunci a ƙungiyar farko, wato wasan da suka yi da RKC Waalwijk a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2013, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 63 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 5-1 a filin wasa na Mandemakers, yayin da kuma ya buga wasan sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa a minti na 63 da De Graafschap wanda ya ƙare da nasara da ci 3-0 a rana ɗaya. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2013-14, Kuipers ya fara da ƙungiyar reserve ta Jong Ajax wadda aka ɗaga kwanan nan zuwa ƙungiyar Dutch Eerste Divisie, ƙungiya ta biyu ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Netherlands, bayan da ya taɓa bugawa a Beloften Eredivisie . A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2013, Kuipers ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar reserve a wasan gida da Jong Twente . Wasan ya ƙare da nasara 2-1 ga Amsterdammers. [1] A ranar 8 ga Satumba 2013, Kuipers ya sanya rigar kyaftin a karon farko ga Jong Ajax a wasan waje da Achilles '29, wanda ya ƙare da rashin nasara 2-1. [2] === Excelsior === A ranar 4 ga Agusta 2014, an sanar da cewa Kuipers zai koma Excelsior daga [[Rotterdam]] kan yarjejeniyar aro ta shekara ɗaya. Ya fara bugawa Excelsior wasa a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2014 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 3-3 da AZ a Alkmaar. Bayan kakar wasa mai nasara da Excelsior inda ya buga wasanni 30 na kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Kuipers ya yi canja wuri na dindindin a bazara ta 2015, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu. === NEC === Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Romania tare da Viitorul Constanța a 2019, inda ya lashe Kofin Romania da Kofin Romanian Super Cup, inda ya buga wasanni biyu, Kuipers ya koma Holland a watan Agusta na 2019 ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar NEC a Eerste Division a gwajin farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2019 |title=NEC heeft clubloze linksback Bas Kuipers op proef |url=https://www.gelderlander.nl/nec/nec-heeft-clubloze-linksback-bas-kuipers-op-proef~a62ab354/?referrer=https://www.google.com/ |access-date=13 August 2019 |publisher=de Gelderlander |language=Dutch}}</ref> Bayan gwajin da ya yi nasara, Kuipers ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekara ɗaya tare da NEC tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=N.E.C. GEEFT BAS KUIPERS CONTRACT |url=https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/3102246/geeft-bas-kuipers-contract |access-date=13 August 2019 |website=Fox Sports |language=Dutch |archive-date=13 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813041726/https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/3102246/geeft-bas-kuipers-contract |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya a gefen hagu a lokacin kakar wasa ta 2019-20, amma bai sami ƙarin kwangila ba kuma ya bar ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗan wasa mai zaman kansa. <ref name="rtvoost-060720">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Bas Kuipers nieuwe linksback Go Ahead Eagles |url=https://www.rtvoost.nl/nieuws/332871/Bas-Kuipers-nieuwe-linksback-Go-Ahead-Eagles |access-date=15 October 2020 |publisher=RTV Oost |language=Dutch}}</ref> === Ku Ci Gaba Eagles === A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2020, Kuipers ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Go Ahead Eagles . <ref name="rtvoost-060720"/> Ya zura kwallo mai muhimmanci yayin da Go Ahead Eagles ta doke Excelsior 1-0 don samun damar shiga Eredivisie a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2021 |title=Go Ahead Eagles promoveert naar Eredivisie na krankzinnige avond |url=https://www.rtvoost.nl/nieuws/1682186/Go-Ahead-Eagles-promoveert-naar-Eredivisie-na-krankzinnige-avond |access-date=13 May 2021 |publisher=rtvoost.nl}}</ref> === Twente === A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2024, Kuipers ya koma Twente a kan kwantiragin kakar wasa hudu, wanda ya fara daga kakar wasa ta 2024 zuwa 25. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=Bas Kuipers naar FC Twente |trans-title=Bas Kuipers to FC Twente |url=https://fctwente.nl/nieuws/bas-kuipers-naar-fc-twente |access-date=15 July 2024 |publisher=FC Twente |language=nl}}</ref> ==== Arouca (rance) ==== A ranar 1 ga Janairun 2026, bayan da ya sha wahala wajen samun lokaci mai yawa a lokacin rabin farko na kakar wasa ta 2025-26 ga Twente, an tura Kuipers aro zuwa kulob din Primeira Liga na Arouca har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 January 2026 |title=Bas Kuipers op huurbasis naar Arouca FC |trans-title=Bas Kuipers on loan to Arouca FC |url=https://fctwente.nl/nieuws/bas-kuipers-op-huurbasis-naar-arouca-fc |access-date=1 January 2026 |website= |publisher=[[FC Twente]] |language=nl-NL}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Kuipers ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Holland wasa a gasar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a gasar da suka fafata a shekarar 2009 a gasar Tournoi Val de Marne ta 11 a [[Faris|birnin Paris]], ƙasar Faransa. Wasansa na farko ya faru ne a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2009 a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 na ƙasar Spain da ci 1-2. Bayan kwana biyu ya bayyana a wasan da suka doke Italiya da ci 2-0, amma bai taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta samu damar zuwa zagaye na gaba na gasar ba. Watanni biyu bayan haka ya buga gasar sada zumunci ta Nike International '09 a [[Phoenix|Phoenix, Arizona]] yana wasa a wasanni biyu, wato wasan da suka fafata da Portugal 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2012, wanda ya ƙare da nasara 2-1, da kuma wasan da suka fafata da Amurka 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 wanda ya haifar da nasarar da Holland ta samu da ci 3-0. Wasanninsa na ƙarshe guda biyu ga ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 sun kasance a gasar Albufeira 4 na ƙasashe a Portugal inda ƙungiyarsa za ta fafata da Italiya 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da Ireland 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da rashin nasara a wasan farko da ci 3-1, yayin da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a wasan da ya biyo baya. Ya sami kiran farko na shiga gasar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Netherlands, inda ya buga wasan sada zumunci da Jamus 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2010, wanda ya ƙare da rashin nasara da ci 2-1 ga Netherlands. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] mct8rtxlbkrecuyi8idgxzd38w71i3a 0 150559 839302 834161 2026-05-23T10:17:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Bryan Zaragoza | hoto = Bryan Zaragoza 2023.jpg | cikakken_suna = Bryan Zaragoza Martínez | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|2001|9|9}} | wurin_haihuwa = Málaga, Spain | tsawo = 1.64 m | matsayi = Dan gefe | kulob_na_yanzu = [[FC Bayern Munich]] | lamba = 17 | matasa_shekaru1 = 2007–2019 | matasa_kulob1 = [[Granada CF]] | shekaru1 = 2020–2022 | kulob1 = Granada B | wasa1 = 54 | kwallaye1 = 7 | shekaru2 = 2020–2024 | kulob2 = [[Granada CF]] | wasa2 = 51 | kwallaye2 = 11 | shekaru3 = 2022–2023 | kulob3 = → El Ejido (aro) | wasa3 = 28 | kwallaye3 = 6 | shekaru4 = 2024– | kulob4 = [[FC Bayern Munich]] | wasa4 = 0 | kwallaye4 = 0 | kungiyar_kasa1 = Spain U21 | kungiyar_kasa2 = [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Spain]] | shekarun_kasa2 = 2023– | wasannin_kasa2 = 2 | kwallayen_kasa2 = 1 }} '''Bryan Zaragoza Martínez''' (an haife shi ranar 9 ga Satumba, 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Spain]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan gefe ga ƙungiyar [[FC Bayern Munich]] da kuma [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Spain]]. Ana saninsa da saurin gudu, iya dribbling, da kuma ƙwarewa wajen kai hari daga gefuna.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fcbayern.com/en/teams/professionals/bryan-zaragoza |title=Bryan Zaragoza profile |publisher=FC Bayern Munich |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Bryan Zaragoza a birnin Málaga na ƙasar Spain. Ya taso ne a yankin Andalusia inda ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Tun daga ƙuruciyarsa ya nuna bajinta wajen iya sarrafa ƙwallo da gudu cikin sauri, abin da ya sa masu horarwa suka fara lura da shi tun yana makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/bryan-zaragoza/profil/spieler/699461 |title=Bryan Zaragoza - Player profile |publisher=Transfermarkt |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Granada CF === Bryan Zaragoza ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta [[Granada CF]] inda ya samu ci gaba sosai a matakin matasa. Daga baya ya fara taka leda da Granada B kafin ya samu damar shiga babbar ƙungiyar kulob ɗin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.granadacf.es/jugador/bryan-zaragoza |title=Bryan Zaragoza |publisher=Granada CF |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2022–23 an ba shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar El Ejido domin samun ƙarin lokacin wasa. A can ya nuna ƙwarewa sosai ta hanyar zura ƙwallaye da bayar da taimako ga abokan wasa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bryan Zaragoza shines on loan spell |work=Marca |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football.html |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A kakar 2023–24 Bryan Zaragoza ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Granada CF a gasar La Liga. Wasansa mai kayatarwa ya jawo hankalin manyan kulob na Turai musamman bayan ya yi fice wajen dribbling da cin ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bryan Zaragoza emerging as Granada star |work=ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/ |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> === FC Bayern Munich === A shekarar 2024 ne ƙungiyar [[FC Bayern Munich]] ta sanar da ɗaukar Bryan Zaragoza daga Granada CF. Wannan mataki ya nuna babban ci gaba a rayuwarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa domin ya koma ɗaya daga cikin manyan kulob a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fcbayern.com/en/news/2023/12/fc-bayern-sign-bryan-zaragoza |title=FC Bayern sign Bryan Zaragoza |publisher=FC Bayern Munich |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Kulob ɗin Bayern Munich ya bayyana cewa sun ɗauke shi ne saboda bajintarsa, saurinsa, da kuma iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban na kai hari.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bayern Munich complete Bryan Zaragoza transfer |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Bryan Zaragoza ya wakilci matasan ƙasar Spain kafin daga baya ya samu kira zuwa babbar tawagar ƙasar a shekarar 2023. Ya fara buga wa Spain wasa a wasannin neman gurbin gasar Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uefa.com/european-qualifiers/teams/players/250152653--bryan-zaragoza/ |title=Bryan Zaragoza |publisher=UEFA |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Ya samu yabo daga masu sharhi bayan ya nuna kwarewa da ƙarfin guiwa duk da ƙarancin shekarunsa. Ana ganin yana daga cikin matasan 'yan wasan da Spain ke sa ran za su taka muhimmiyar rawa nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Spain's new generation featuring Bryan Zaragoza |work=The Athletic |url=https://theathletic.com/ |access-date=11 Mayu 2026 |archive-date=2021-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715120444/https://theathletic.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Salon wasa == Bryan Zaragoza na taka leda ne a matsayin ɗan gefe na hagu ko dama. Yana amfani da saurinsa da iya dribbling wajen wuce masu tsaron baya. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar dama da kuma cin ƙwallaye daga kusurwoyi masu wahala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/player/bryan-zaragoza |title=Bryan Zaragoza Bundesliga profile |publisher=Bundesliga |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Masana ƙwallon ƙafa sun kwatanta salon wasansa da na ƙananan 'yan wasan Spain masu saurin motsi da fasaha irin su Pedro Rodríguez da Joaquín.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Bryan Zaragoza excites Bayern Munich fans |work=Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/ |access-date=11 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Nasarori == === FC Bayern Munich === * [[Bundesliga]] * [[DFL-Supercup]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://fcbayern.com/en/teams/professionals/bryan-zaragoza Bryan Zaragoza a shafin FC Bayern Munich] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/bryan-zaragoza/profil/spieler/699461 Bryan Zaragoza a Transfermarkt] {{DEFAULTSORT:Zaragoza, Bryan}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Spain]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Granada CF]] [[Category:'Yan wasan FC Bayern Munich]] [[Category:Mutanen Málaga]] [[Category:'Yan wasan La Liga]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Bundesliga]] 0ofv3di3k3svvufpitwuo1izib1uydh 0 150573 839051 834189 2026-05-22T14:54:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ar'jany Martha''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2003) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga Rotherham United . An haife shi a Netherlands, yana buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Curaçao . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Martha, wacce asalinta yake a Curaçao, [1] ta koma Spartaan '20 a kudancin birnin haihuwarsa na Rotterdam a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. [2] Daga baya ya koma makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta Sparta Rotterdam, inda ya buga wasa na tsawon shekaru huɗu. Sannan Martha ta koma makarantar Ajax . [3] Tun kakar wasa ta 2020-21, yana bugawa ƙungiyar ta biyu Jong Ajax wasa a ƙungiyar Eerste Divisie ta biyu. [4] === Ajax === A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2023, Martha ta fara buga wasa a babbar ƙungiyar Ajax, ta hanyar fara wasa da nasara 2-0 a kan Volendam . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2023 |title=Debutant Martha: 'This is a dream for every boy' |url=https://www.ajax.nl/artikelen/debutant-martha-dit-is-een-droom-voor-elke-jongen/ |publisher=AFC Ajax}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, ya fara buga wasa a Turai, inda ya maye gurbin [[Borna Sosa]] a minti na 77 bayan rashin nasara 4-3 a gasar cin kofin UEFA Europa League da Marseille . === Beerschot === A ranar 31 ga Yuli 2024, Martha ta koma ƙungiyar Beerschot ta Belgian Pro League a kan kwantiragin kakar wasa da dama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2024 |title=BEERSCHOT TREKT AR'JANY MARTHA AAN |trans-title=BEERSCHOT SIGNS AR'JANY MARTHA |url=https://www.beerschot.be/nl/nieuws/beerschot-trekt-arjany-martha-aan |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=www.beerschot.be |language=Dutch |archive-date=31 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731142258/https://www.beerschot.be/nl/nieuws/beerschot-trekt-arjany-martha-aan |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a ranar 2 ga Agusta, inda ya maye gurbin Thibaud Verlinden a minti na 81 da rashin nasara a hannun Union Saint-Gilloise da ci 3-1. === Rotherham United === A ranar 30 ga Yuli 2025, Martha ta koma ƙungiyar EFL League One Rotherham United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba, inda ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-30 |title=Ar'Jany Martha: Rotherham United sign versatile Beerschot defender |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/crkz4p5gjgro |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasan Netherlands === Martha ta kasance matashiyar ƙasa da ƙasa a Netherlands. <ref name="wfs">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2020 |title=Ar'jany Martha: talento olandese classe 2003 |url=http://www.worldfootballscouting.com/schede-giovani-talenti/arjany-martha-talento-olandese-classe-2003/}}</ref> === Curaçao === A ranar 9 ga Maris 2024, an sanar da cewa Dick Advocaat ya kira Martha don ta shiga tawagar ƙasa ta Curaçao a matsayin wani ɓangare na tawagar 'yan wasa 23 da za su fafata a sansanin horo da aka tsara daga 18 zuwa 25 ga Maris 2024 a Alanya, [[Turkiyya]], kafin wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026 a watan Yuni. <ref name="cura">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2024 |title=Dick Advocaat verrast met Ajax-speler Ar'jany Martha als debutant in selectie Curaçao |url=https://www.ad.nl/nederlands-voetbal/dick-advocaat-verrast-met-ajax-speler-arjany-martha-als-debutant-in-selectie-curacao~ae38f21a/}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 29 March 2025}}<ref>{{Soccerway|arjany-martha/632226|access-date=30 August 2020}}</ref> === Aikin kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofi ! colspan="2" | Turai ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="5" | Jong Ajax | 2020–21 | Eerste Division | 29 | 3 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 29 | 3 |- | 2021–22 | Eerste Division | 28 | 3 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 28 | 3 |- | 2022–23 | Eerste Division | 30 | 3 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 30 | 3 |- | 2023–24 | Eerste Division | 23 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 23 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 110 ! 9 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 110 ! 9 |- | Ajax | 2023–24 | Eredivisie | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 {{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} | 0 | colspan="2" | — | 12 | 0 |- | Beerschot | 2024–25 | Gasar kwararru ta Belgium | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 18 | 0 |- | Rotherham United | 2025-26 | Gasar EFL ta Ɗaya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 136 ! 9 ! 2 ! 0 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 140 ! 9 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] prgxuyesmlq926gm1994fo3djgkdo1g 0 150607 839063 834252 2026-05-22T16:41:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ashalata Devi Loitongbam''' ( Meitei , an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Yuli 1993) ƙwararriyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce ta Indiya wadda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Indiya ta East Bengal da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Indiya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2019 |title=Indian Women's Football Team Captain Ashalata Devi Has Been Nominated For AFC 'Player Of The Year' Award |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/indian-women-s-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi-has-been-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award-500613.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118052237/https://www.indiatimes.com/sports/indian-women-s-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi-has-been-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award-500613.html |archive-date=18 January 2021 |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=www.indiatimes.com}}</ref> Ana ɗaukar Devi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron baya daga Asiya kuma ita ce 'yar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko ta mata da ta buga wasanni 100 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2020 |title=Beacons who lit the way for women's football in India |url=https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/indian-female-football-team-players-best-national-women/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205135343/https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/features/detail/indian-female-football-team-players-best-national-women/ |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=www.olympicchannel.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2024 |title=Ashalata Devi - Indian women's football team's first centurion |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/who-is-ashalata-devi-india-footballer |website=Olympics}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Devi a Imphal, [[Manipur]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ashalata Devi Loitongbam – Eurosport |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/ashalata-devi-loitongbam_prs403711/person.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909000418/http://www.eurosport.com/football/ashalata-devi-loitongbam_prs403711/person.shtml |archive-date=9 September 2017 |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=www.eurosport.com}}</ref> Ta fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tana da shekaru 13. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2019 |title=ASHALATA DEVI: "I TRY TO BE A BETTER PLAYER THAN WHAT I WAS YESTERDAY" |url=https://www.fistosports.com/ashalata-devi-try-better-player-yesterday-hero-iwl-sethu-fc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125202253/https://www.fistosports.com/ashalata-devi-try-better-player-yesterday-hero-iwl-sethu-fc |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=www.fistosports.com}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Sabon Mai Haske === A shekarar 2015, Devi ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shiga gasar Premier ta mata ta Dhivehi, wadda aka fi sani da New Radiant WSC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2015 |title=Bembem, Bala and Ashalata Devi invited to play in Maldivian League |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bembem-bala-and-ashalata-devi-invited-to-play-in-maldivian-league |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023115511/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bembem-bala-and-ashalata-devi-invited-to-play-in-maldivian-league |archive-date=23 October 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> Ta haka ta zama 'yar Indiya ta biyu da ta buga wasa a wata kungiya a wajen Indiya bayan Bembem Devi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2020 |title=The glorious saga of Indian women football team – Ashalata Devi section |url=https://sportslibro.com/football/news/indian-women-football-team/5251#Loitongbam_Ashalata_Devi: |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://sportslibro.com/football/soccer-news/indian-women-football-team/5251#Loitongbam_Ashalata_Devi: |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=Sports Libro}}</ref> Ta lashe gasar tare da kungiyar a wannan kakar. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Loitongbam Ashalata Devi signed for New Radiant |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-new-indian-express/20170921/282205126067797 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104747/https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-new-indian-express/20170921/282205126067797 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=5 December 2020 |via=PressReader}}</ref> === Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Rising === A shekarar 2016, Devi ta sanya hannu a sabuwar ƙungiyar ɗaliban Rising don fitowa a bugu na farko na ƙungiyar mata ta Indiya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2020 |title=Ashalata Devi: My family initially felt that football is not for girls |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/indian-womens-football-ashalata-devi/v0ur69mc0yo1sxrk0zx19uus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104814/https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/indian-womens-football-ashalata-devi/v0ur69mc0yo1sxrk0zx19uus |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> === KRYPHSA === A shekarar 2017, Devi ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Indiya KRYPHSA FC a kakar wasa ta 2017–18 ta gasar mata ta Indiya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayak |first=Nicolai |date=21 July 2019 |title=Relishing challenges and leading by example: Meet Indian women's football team captain Ashalata Devi |url=https://scroll.in/field/931258/relishing-challenges-and-leading-by-example-meet-indian-womens-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235814/https://scroll.in/field/931258/relishing-challenges-and-leading-by-example-meet-indian-womens-football-team-captain-ashalata-devi |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=2021-01-29 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> === Setu === A shekarar 2018, Devi ta koma ƙungiyar Sethu FC da ke [[Tamil Nadu]], wadda ke shiga gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2020 |title=The glorious saga of Indian women football team |url=https://sportslibro.com/football/news/indian-women-football-team/5251 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://sportslibro.com/football/soccer-news/indian-women-football-team/5251 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=Sports Libro}}</ref> A kakar gasar mata ta Indiya ta 2018–19, Sethu ta lashe gasar ta hanyar doke Manipur Police SC 1–3 a wasan ƙarshe, inda Devi ta lashe kofin gasar mata ta Indiya na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2019 |title=Hero Indian Women's League 2018–19, Final {{!}} Manipur Police Sports Club 1–3 Sethu |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/5200 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928164118/https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/5200 |archive-date=28 September 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A shekarar 2008 tana da shekaru 15, an kira Devi zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Indiya . An kira Devi zuwa ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa kuma ta fara buga wasa a shekarar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ASHALATA DEVI: "I AM AFRAID OF NO ONE ON THE PITCH" |url=https://sethufc.com/ashalata-devi-i-am-afraid-of-no-one-on-the-pitch.php |access-date=4 December 2020 |website=Sethu FC Official Website |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128090701/https://www.sethufc.com/ashalata-devi-i-am-afraid-of-no-one-on-the-pitch.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Indiya daga 2018 zuwa 2024. Devi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Indiya ta samu wajen cancantar shiga gasar Olympics ta 2021 (wanda za a gudanar a 2020) wanda za a gudanar a [[Tokyo]] . Devi ta samu nasarori da dama a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa. Devi ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar shayin Indiya wadda ta lashe lambobin zinare biyu na Gasar Kudancin Asiya a 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Indian Women win Gold in South Asian Games |url=http://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-win-gold-in-south-asian-games |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708162159/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-win-gold-in-south-asian-games |archive-date=8 July 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> da 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2019 |title=Bala Devi brace powers Indian women's team to 3rd straight SAG Gold |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bala-devi-brace-powers-indian-womens-team-to-3rd-straight-sag-gold |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621201235/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/bala-devi-brace-powers-indian-womens-team-to-3rd-straight-sag-gold |archive-date=21 June 2021 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> kuma ta kasance cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta SAFF sau huɗu a jere, a 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |title=INDIA DEFEND TITLE IN STYLE |url=http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php?N_Id=3296 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105004205/http://www.the-aiff.com/pages/news/index.php |archive-date=5 January 2013 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Six star India retain SAFF Women's Championship |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/six-star-india-retain-saff-womens-championship |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/six-star-india-retain-saff-womens-championship |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2017 |title=India Defeat Bangladesh To Clinch The SAFF Cup 2016 |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/01/06/south-asian-football-federation-cup-india-wins-2016/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107082601/https://feminisminindia.com/2017/01/06/south-asian-football-federation-cup-india-wins-2016/ |archive-date=7 January 2021 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=feminismindia.com}}</ref> kuma a ƙarshe a 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2019 |title=INDIAN WOMEN CLINCH FIFTH STRAIGHT SAFF TITLE AFTER 3–1 WIN OVER NEPAL |url=http://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-clinch-fifth-straight-saff-title-after-3-1-win-over-nepal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915034537/http://www.the-aiff.com/article/indian-women-clinch-fifth-straight-saff-title-after-3-1-win-over-nepal |archive-date=15 September 2020 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> AFC ta zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar wasan mata ta shekara ta 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2019 |title=India's Ashalata Devi nominated for AFC 'Player of the Year' award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indias-ashalata-devi-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award/articleshow/72092425.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117084305/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indias-ashalata-devi-nominated-for-afc-player-of-the-year-award/articleshow/72092425.cms |archive-date=17 November 2019 |access-date=5 December 2019 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar wasan mata ta AIFF ta shekara saboda rawar da ta taka a kakar wasa ta 2018–19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2019 |title=PRAFUL PATEL ANNOUNCES 2018–19 AIFF AWARDS |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/praful-patel-announces-2018-19-aiff-awards#:~:text=Among%20the%20women%2C%20Ashalata%20Devi,of%20the%20Year%202018%2D19. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819104743/https://www.the-aiff.com/article/praful-patel-announces-2018-19-aiff-awards#:~:text=Among%20the%20women%2C%20Ashalata%20Devi,of%20the%20Year%202018%2D19. |archive-date=19 August 2022 |access-date=5 December 2020 |website=All India Football Federation}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" !Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Huluna ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="13" | Indiya | 2011 | 3 | 0 |- | 2012 | 5 | 0 |- | 2013 | 5 | 0 |- | 2014 | 8 | 1 |- | 2015 | 2 | 1 |- | 2016 | 7 | 1 |- | 2017 | 7 | 0 |- | 2018 | 3 | 0 |- | 2019 | 26 | 1 |- | 2021 | 9 | 0 |- | 2022 | 6 | 0 |- | 2023 | 9 | 0 |- | 2024 | 10 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 100 ! 4 |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] ==manazarta== 3trl01detn3x5ajv0l56pajf5dtdwep 0 150781 839099 834695 2026-05-22T19:38:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ayman Hussein Ghadhban Al-Mafraje''' ( Arabic أيمن حسين ; an haife shi 22 Maris 1996), wanda ake yi wa lakabi da '''Abu Tubar''' ( Arabic ), <ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن حسين.. اللاعب الذي حول غضب الجماهير منه إلى هتافات باسم |url=https://www.irfaasawtak.com/home-page/2024/01/26/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87 |publisher=IrfaaSawtak |access-date=2026-05-12 |archive-date=2024-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628155407/https://www.irfaasawtak.com/home-page/2024/01/26/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Iraki wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar Al-Karma ta ƙasar Iraq da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar . Mai zura ƙwallo mai yawa, a halin yanzu shi ne na 5 a jerin waɗanda suka fi zura ƙwallo a tarihin ƙasar Iraki. == Aikin kulob == A shekara ta 2009, an ga Hussein a matsayin matashi mai hazaka a ƙungiyarsa ta gida, kuma saboda wani mazaunin yankin ne wanda shi ma memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa a Al-Alam SC wanda ya ba da shawarar ɗan wasan ga ƙungiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iraqi Professional Players |url=https://www.facebook.com/IraqiProPlayers/photos/a.758120364214173.1073741830.229589150400633/1194217373937801/?type=3&theater |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202104953/https://www.facebook.com/IraqiProPlayers/photos/a.758120364214173.1073741830.229589150400633/1194217373937801/?type=3&theater |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=27 May 2018 |language=en |via=[[Facebook]]}}</ref> Ya buga wa matasan Al-Alam wasa a gasar larduna, da kuma ƙungiyar farko sannan ya koma Tuz FC, kuma ba tare da wata ƙungiya daga Kirkuk a manyan ƙungiyoyi a gasar Iraqi ba, Aymen ya ɗauki hanyar da ba ta dace ba a ƙoƙarinsa na shiga gasar Premier ta Iraqi ta hanyar sanya hannu kan Gas Al-Shamal, ƙungiyar da a lokacin take a mataki na biyu na gasar Kurdistan, ƙungiyar da aka kafa musamman 'yan wasa masu zaman kansu daga manyan ƙungiyoyin Kurdish. <ref>{{Cite web |title=With Gas Al Shamal |url=http://kirkuknow.com/arabic/?p=20388 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702093216/http://kirkuknow.com/arabic/?p=20388 |archive-date=2 July 2018 |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> === Dukhok === A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2012-13, an ba Hussein damar buga wasa a gasar Premier ta Iraqi a karon farko lokacin da mataimakin kocin Duhok, Khalid Mohammed Sabbar, ya tuntube shi kuma aka ba shi kwangilar wasa mai riba don ya buga wa ƙungiyar, wanda Hussein ya ce ya amince da shi nan take a cikin "babban farin ciki" yana aiki a ƙarƙashin tsohon kyaftin ɗin Iraki da kuma fitattun koci biyu na Syria [[Fajr Ibrahim]] da Thair Ahmed a lokacin da yake tare da Duhok. Ya bayyana sau da yawa kawai don Duhok ya zira kwallaye ɗaya a matakin farko na kakar wasa, duk da haka, yayin da albashin da aka biya na tsawon watanni a ƙungiyar da ke fama da ƙarancin kuɗi ya nuna cikakken tasirin rikicin kuɗi da ya shafi yankin Kurdistan, Hussein ya yanke shawarar gwada sa'arsa a Baghdad. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa shida da aka saki a Duhok saboda matsalolin kuɗi a ƙarshen shekarar 2014. <ref name="AYMEN">{{Cite web |last=Mubarak |first=Hassanin |title=Ayman Hussein: Iraq's Olympic Superhero |url=https://ahdaaf.me/2016/02/14/iraqs-olympic-hero-ayman-hussein-the-son-of-a-martyr-internally-displaced-in-baghdad/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050849/https://ahdaaf.me/2016/02/14/iraqs-olympic-hero-ayman-hussein-the-son-of-a-martyr-internally-displaced-in-baghdad/ |archive-date=22 December 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017 |publisher=Ahdaafme}}</ref> === Al Naft === Hussein ya koma Al-Naft a shekarar 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen joined Al Naft |url=http://journaliraq.com/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%88%D8%A7/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023111013/http://journaliraq.com/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D9%88%D8%A7/ |archive-date=23 October 2018 |access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> Kakar wasansa ta farko ta zo ne a kakar wasa ta 2016-17 ga Al Naft, inda ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 10 da ya jagoranci Al Naft zuwa saman teburin gasar, kafin wani rauni ya hana shi yin ritaya daga wasa tun daga ranar 2 ga Fabrairu <ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن حسين يغيب عن مواجهة نفط الوسط |url=http://www.kooora.com/?n=565513 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164440/http://www.kooora.com/?n=565513 |archive-date=16 September 2018 |access-date=16 September 2018 |language=ar-AR}}</ref> har zuwa watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن حسين يبدأ تدريباته التأهيلية قبل العودة للملاعب |url=http://www.kooora.com/?n=581877&pg=1&o=n3111706 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811054839/http://www.kooora.com/?n=581877&pg=1&o=n3111706 |archive-date=11 August 2017 |access-date=19 July 2017 |language=ar-AR}}</ref> Al Naft ta ci gaba da samun sakamako mai kyau kuma ta kare a matsayin ta biyu a gasar, wanda shine mafi kyawun sakamakon da ta taba samu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alfakhri |first=Ali |date=10 August 2017 |title=Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya win the 2016/17 Iraqi Premier League title |url=http://socceriraq.net/2017/08/10/al-quwa-al-jawiya-win-the-201617-iraqi-premier-league-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807075051/http://socceriraq.net/2017/08/10/al-quwa-al-jawiya-win-the-201617-iraqi-premier-league-title/ |archive-date=7 August 2018 |access-date=10 August 2017 |website=SoccerIraq}}</ref> === Al Shorta === A ranar 22 ga Agusta 2017, Hussein ya sanya hannu a kulob din Al Shorta, <ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}} Aymen Huessin joins Al Shorta |url=https://twitter.com/SoccerIraq/status/899995564154249216 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404223423/https://twitter.com/SoccerIraq/status/899995564154249216 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=22 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> na Iraki don maye gurbin [[Marwan Hussein]] . Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka yi da Karbalaa FC na ranar daya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aymen Hussein volleys in a goal after just 61 seconds as Al-Shorta return from Karbala with all three points on #IPL Matchday One! |url=https://twitter.com/AlShorta_EN/status/933000224628461569 |language=en}}</ref> Ya ci kwallaye biyu a wasansa na biyu, inda ya ci Al-Bahri 4-1, sannan ya ci kwallaye a wasanni biyu, don fadada tarihin cin kwallayensa zuwa wasanni hudu a jere. A wasa na biyar, Hussein ya rasa bugun fenariti a minti na karshe don kawo karshen jerin kwallayen da yake ci. Aymen zai bar Al-Shorta ya koma kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 ta Iraki a gasar cin kofin AFC U-23 ta 2018 a China, duk da kin amincewar kungiyar. Bayan dawowarsa daga tawagar kasa, Al Shorta ya sallame shi daga kwantiraginsa yayin da yake shirin komawa kungiyar Al Ahli ta Qatar, duk da haka tattaunawar ta gaza a matakin karshe. Daga nan ya koma tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta Al Naft, duk da cewa Al Shorta ya dage cewa sakinsa yana da sharaɗin shiga Al Ahli. === Komawa zuwa Al Naft === A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2018, Hussein ya koma tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta Al-Naft <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2018 |title=Returned to Al Naft |url=https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9/141129/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7 |language=en |access-date=12 May 2026 |archive-date=6 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906205656/https://www.alghadpress.com/news/%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9/141129/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> tare da kocin da ya fi so Hassan Ahmed. Hussein ya fara wasansa na farko da Al Naft a wasan da suka yi da Al-Hudood FC, ya rasa bugun fenariti da kuma wani a wasan da suka yi da Naft Al-Wasat . Bayan wasanni biyar ya zura kwallo a raga a kan Al-Talaba a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 1-0 a watan Afrilu kuma ya ci gaba da zura kwallo. Ya kammala kakar wasa da Al Naft da kwallaye 11 a wasanni 22 a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al-Naft |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY8fH6OgQaL2Yjo9eisUIJg/search?query=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404223423/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCY8fH6OgQaL2Yjo9eisUIJg/search?query=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=30 July 2018 |language=en |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kare a matsayi na 3. An sallame shi daga Al-Naft bayan wasan da suka yi da CS Sfaxien 1-1, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2018 |title=Al-Naft vs Sfaxien |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aPW1tgrTu4&t=183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405041838/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aPW1tgrTu4&t=183 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=9 December 2018 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> saboda rashin jituwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2018 |title=أيمن حسين يكشف عن السبب الرئيسي وراء غيابه عن الوحدات التدريبية لنادي النفط |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSGYaQ-iUpc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405184522/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSGYaQ-iUpc&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=16 September 2018 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2018 |title=حسن أحمد : هذه شروطنا لعودة أيمن حسين لفريق النفط |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uSXn_N8JFU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405184541/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uSXn_N8JFU&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=16 September 2018 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2018 |title=الفرصة المهدرة التي دفعت المدرب لعدم اشراك أيمن منذ البداية في مباراة الصناعات |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZ_Y57-BfOY&t=154 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405002907/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZ_Y57-BfOY&t=154 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=9 December 2018 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> === CS Sfaxien === A ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2018, kulob din Sfaxien na Tunisiya ya sanar da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku a lokacin bazara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2018 |title=النادي الصفاقسي ينتدب العراقي أيمن حسين |url=https://www.mosaiquefm.net/ar/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/407100/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404223425/https://www.mosaiquefm.net/ar/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/407100/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=29 July 2021 |language=ar}}</ref> An shirya cewa za a biya Hussein dala 450,000 a kowace kakar wasa. Bai buga wasa a rabin farko na kakar wasa ba saboda kuskuren takardu, wanda hakan ya sa bai cancanci buga wasannin gasa ga kungiyar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=التونسي |first=محمد |title=وضعية اللاعب أيمن حسين في النادي الصفاقسي |url=https://www.sfaxien.net/2018/11/blog-post_1.html |access-date=2024-07-26 |language=ar}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni na farko a gasar Tunisia a watan Fabrairun 2019. Aymen ya yi fama da rashin samun daidaito a lokacin wasa, galibi saboda rashin lafiyarsa bayan ya rasa rabin farko na kakar wasa. A watan Yulin 2019, Aymen ya nemi a sake shi daga Sfaxien saboda rashin lokacin wasa, kuma ya bayyana sha'awarsa ta komawa Iraki <ref>{{Cite web |title=فريق محلي ينوي مفاتحته.. ايمن حسين يعتزم فسخ عقده مع صفاقس التونسي |url=https://baghdadtoday.news/print:page,1,90508-.html |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=baghdadtoday.news}}</ref> An dakatar da kwangilar Aymen bisa amincewar juna, amma bai sami kudin diyya ba. Daga nan ya kai kara a kungiyar, kuma FIFA ta yanke hukunci a kansa, inda ta umarci kungiyar Tunisia da ta biya shi dala 50,000 na Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2020 |title=أيمن حسين يكسب قضيته مع الصفاقسي التونسي |url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A |publisher=alaraby.co.uk |language=ar}}</ref> === Al Quwa Al Jawiya === A ranar 5 ga Agusta 2018, Aymen ya koma gasar Iraki a hukumance, inda ya koma Al Quwa Al Jawiya kan kwantiragin shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=القوة الجوية يتفق مع مهاجم دولي لتمثيله بـ350 مليون |url=https://shafaq.com/ar/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%82-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%85-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%80350-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=شفق نيوز |language=ar}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2020, ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko da kulob din a wasan da suka doke Al-Sinaat Al-Kahrabaiya SC da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2020 |title=ايمن يقود الجوية للصدارة وتعادل مُثير للشرطة امام الكهرباء |url=https://www.iq-pro.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223145724/https://www.iq-pro.net/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7/ |archive-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=iq-pro.net |language=ar}}</ref> An dakatar da kakar wasa saboda zanga-zangar watan Oktoba a Baghdad sannan aka soke dukkansu saboda [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Aymen ya samu mafi kyawun shekararsa, inda ya zura kwallaye 22 don kawo karshen kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a raga, wanda hakan ya kai kulob dinsa ga lashe gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-29 |title=أيمن حسين يغرد وحيدا.. ترتيب هدافي الدوري العراقي لموسم 2020-2021 |url=https://al-ain.com/article/iraq-goals-league-2020-2021 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=العين الإخبارية |language=ar}}</ref> Wannan ita ce gasar farko a tarihin rayuwar Aymen, da kuma kyautar takalmin zinare na farko da ya samu. Bayan wannan kakar wasa mai nasara, Aymen ya samu kulawa daga kungiyoyi a kasashen waje, ciki har da manyan 'yan wasan Masar Al Ahly, da kuma kungiyoyi a Aljeriya, Iran, da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن حسين: هؤلاء تحدثوا معي للانضمام للنادي الأهلي ولكن! - الأهلي.كوم |url=https://www.el-ahly.com/Pages/News?aid=157970 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.el-ahly.com}}</ref> kuma dan wasan ya bayyana niyyarsa ta sake yin wasa a kasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2021 |title=العراقي أيمن حسين: أرغب في اللعب مع الأهلي.. وتألق محمد صلاح في أوروبا شرف لكل عربي (حوار) |url=https://www.cairo24.com/1152838 |publisher=cairo24.com |language=ar}}</ref> === Umm Salal === A lokacin bazara na 2021, Hussein ya koma Umm Salal a Qatar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=تأكيداً لانفراد "العرب" العراقي أيمن حسين يصل الدوحة للانتقال لصقور برزان |url=https://alarab.qa/article/28/07/2021/%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729130434/https://alarab.qa/article/28/07/2021/%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86 |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=29 July 2021 |publisher=العرب القطرية |language=ar}}</ref> Aymen ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 22, wanda ya kai matsakaicin kwallo a kowace wasa a gasar Qatrai. Ya kare a matsayin na 5 mafi yawan kwallaye a gasar, kuma ya taimaka wa Umm Salal ta kare a matsayi na 6. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=أيمن حسين خارج أسوار أم صلال |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=1148620 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=كووورة}}</ref> A watan Yuli na 2022, Umm Salal ta sanar da cewa ba za a sabunta dan wasan ba, kuma ta gode wa dan wasan saboda ayyukansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=رسميًا - أم صلال القطري يعلن رحيل العراقي أيمن حسين - 365Scores |url=https://www.365scores.com/ar/news/magazine/%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%b5%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%86-%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.365scores.com |language=ar}}</ref> === Al Markhiya da Al Jazira === A watan Yulin 2022, ƙungiyar da ta samu ci gaba, Al Markhiya, ta sayi Aymen Hussein, domin ci gaba da zama a Qatar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=الشرق |date=2022-07-01 |title=المرخية يتعاقد مع العراقي أيمن حسين ويجدد للعماني اليحمدي |url=https://al-sharq.com/article/01/07/2022/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=al-sharq.com |language=ar}}</ref> Aymen ya jagoranci ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara mai ban mamaki a kan ƙungiyar Al Sadd ta Qatar, bayan ya zura kwallaye 2 sannan ya taimaka wa wani a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-3, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar farko da ƙungiyarsa ta samu a gasar da ta doke Al-Sadd. <ref>{{Cite web |title=أيمن حسين يقود المرخية لأول انتصار على السد بدوري نجوم قطر |url=https://shafaq.com/ar/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84-%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=شفق نيوز |language=ar}}</ref> A makon da ya biyo baya ya sake zura kwallo don ceto maki ga ƙungiyarsa a wasan da suka yi da Qatar SC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-09 |title=ايمن حسين ينقذ فريقه المرخية من الخسارة أمام قطر - Observer Iraq |url=https://observeriraq.net/%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%a7/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |language=ar}}</ref> An ba Aymen izinin shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Iraqi a lokacin gasar cin kofin Larabawa, duk da cewa har yanzu ana ci gaba da kakar wasa ta lig. <ref>{{Cite web |last=AlrasheedMedia |date=2022-12-31 |title=إضافة أيمن حسين وامجد عطوان إلى قائمة المنتخب الوطني لخليجي 25 |url=https://www.alrasheedmedia.com/2022/12/31/464707/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=قناة الرشيد الفضائية |language=ar}}</ref> Saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa a rabin farko na kakar wasa, wanda ya biyo baya da kasancewa babban mai zura kwallaye a gasar cin kofin Larabawa, Aymen ya jawo hankalin manyan 'yan wasan Emirate Al Jazira. <ref>{{Cite web |title="رغبة" أيمن حسين تنقله من قطر إلى الإمارات |url=https://www.dubaisports.ae/content/dubaisports/football.2023-02-8_1_324.html |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=دبي الرياضية |language=ar}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== g9hotm4fd7e9jmi2k5ek4invtail4ek 0 151040 839320 835355 2026-05-23T11:25:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caddy Adzuba''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1981 a [[Bukavu]]) lauya ce ta Kongo, '[[ɗan jarida]], kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. Ta mai da hankali ne kan yaki da cin zarafin jima'i a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC). Ta yi aiki a Rediyon Okapi kuma a shekarar 2014 ta sami lambar yabo ta Princess Asturias don Zaman Lafiya . == Rayuwa == An haifi Adzuba a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1981, ita ce babba cikin 'yan uwa takwas da aka haifa a wani yanki mai arziki na [[Bukavu]], Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Ta kammala karatu a fannin shari'a a Jami'ar hukuma ta Bukavu a shekara ta 2005. <ref name="wir">{{Cite web |title=Premis Liberpress {{!}} 2016 Caddy Adzuba |url=http://www.premisliberpress.cat/en/caddy-adzuba-2016/ |access-date=2021-09-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar IFEX Network, ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyi da ke kare 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a duniya, Adzuba ta yanke shawarar yin aiki don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam lokacin da yaƙi ya ɓarke a gidanta lokacin da take da shekaru 16. [1] Bayan an raba ta da iyalinta kuma ta shaida wahalar ɗan adam, sai ta "tsaya shawarar yin wani abu don haƙƙin ɗan adam".[1] Ta taimaka wajen gano cibiyar sadarwa ta Un Altavoz para el Silencio, tana ba da rahoton cin zarafin jima'i ga mata a kasar ta. Har ila yau, memba ce ta Kungiyar Mata ta Gabashin Kongo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-09-04 |title=Congolese journalist to receive Prince of Asturias Concord Prize |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/03/inenglish/1409751837_687893.html |access-date=2016-01-21 |website=EL PAÍS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Caddy Adzuba {{!}} Casa África |url=http://www.casafrica.es/en/detalle-who-is-who.jsp?DS7.PROID=57030 |access-date=2016-01-21 |website=www.casafrica.es |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019000507/http://www.casafrica.es/en/detalle-who-is-who.jsp?DS7.PROID=57030 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Caddy Adzuba ita ce kuma co-kafa kungiyar mata ta Alliance for the Promotion of Human Rights . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Turning stigma into strength: Caddy Adzuba - IFEX |url=https://www.ifex.org/democratic_republic_of_congo/2016/10/04/profile_caddy_adzuba/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820172536/https://www.ifex.org/democratic_republic_of_congo/2016/10/04/profile_caddy_adzuba/ |archive-date=2018-08-20 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=IFEX |language=en}}</ref> Yanzu ta zama 'yar jarida a Rediyo Okapi, tashar rediyo ta hukuma ta United Nation a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . A zamanin yau, yaƙe-yaƙe da take yi da azabtarwa da fyade har yanzu suna cikin haske, kuma saboda aikinta, ta sami barazanar kisa da yawa.<ref name=":0"/> == Kyaututtuka == * Julio Anguita Parrado Kyautar Jarida ta Duniya (2009). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Internet |first=Unidad Editorial |title=La congoleña Caddy Adzuba gana el Premio Julio Anguita Parrado {{!}} Comunicación {{!}} elmundo.es |url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/03/05/comunicacion/1236268321.html |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=www.elmundo.es}}</ref> * Kyautar Kasa da Kasa ta "Mace ta Shekara" mai daraja 35,000 Yuro daga Majalisar Yankin Aosta Valley (2012). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Comunicato stampa |url=http://www.consiglio.vda.it/info_conseil/dettaglio_comunicato_i.asp?pk_comunicato=50344 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312060516/http://www.consiglio.vda.it/app/comunicatistampa/dettaglio?id=50344 |archive-date=2021-03-12 |access-date=2016-01-21 |website=Consiglio Regionale della Valle d'Aosta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.consiglio.vda.it/donna_dell_anno/documenti/2012/regolamento.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103220142/http://www.consiglio.vda.it/donna_dell_anno/documenti/2012/regolamento.pdf |archive-date=2014-01-03 |access-date=2016-01-21}}</ref> * Kyautar Gimbiya Asturias don Zaman Lafiya 2014 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tecnologías |first=Developed with webControl CMS by Intermark |title=Caddy Adzuba, Prince of Asturias Award for Concord - Communication - The Princess of Asturias Foundation |url=http://www.fpa.es/en/communication/caddy-adzuba-prince-of-asturias-award-for-concord.html?idCategoria=14&especifica=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312072151/https://www.fpa.es/en/communication/caddy-adzuba-prince-of-asturias-award-for-concord.html?idCategoria=14&especifica=0 |archive-date=2021-03-12 |access-date=2016-01-21 |website=The Princess of Asturias Foundation}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] jo1q83puqsx613iy549d3uhur9x8v6t 0 151183 839227 835949 2026-05-23T04:02:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bernard Tsumega Bulbwa''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 1996) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke buga ƙwallon ƙafa . <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|bernard-bulbwa/405528|accessdate=19 December 2015}}</ref> == Farko da rayuwar mutum == Bulbwa ita ce ƙarama a cikin yara bakwai. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |last=Oluwashina Okeleji |date=10 April 2015 |title='I have the ability to do incredible things' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32218208 |access-date=3 May 2015 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Bayan ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a Mkar Rocks da Shuttle Sports Academy, Bulbwa ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar Espérance ta Tunisia a watan Afrilun 2015. <ref name="BBC"/> A farkon wannan watan an danganta shi da yiwuwar canja wurin zuwa ƙungiyoyin Ingila Stoke City da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pete Smith |date=1 April 2015 |title=Stoke City transfer rumours: Battle with Manchester City for Nigeria wunderkind Bernard Bulbwa |url=http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Stoke-City-transfer-rumours-Battle-Manchester/story-26269400-detail/story.html |access-date=3 May 2015 |publisher=Stoke Sentinel |archive-date=6 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506051508/http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Stoke-City-transfer-rumours-Battle-Manchester/story-26269400-detail/story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma ƙungiyoyi a Najeriya da Turai. <ref name="BBC" /> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Bulbwa ya buga wa tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Najeriya wasa, kuma ya zira kwallo a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015. [1] An siffanta shi a matsayin "jarumi" saboda rawar da ya taka, [2] [1] kuma CAF ta ba shi kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Gasar". [3] An zaɓe shi zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2015 a watan Mayu na 2015. [4] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] 8xd9veoznnusrui7ahve747w0hyp0w3 0 151407 839057 836582 2026-05-22T15:56:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obaasiarinse Idehaloise Uade''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1995), wanda aka fi sani da '''Arinse Uade''', ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na hagu]] . A watan Yulin 2020, ya zama ɗan Ingila na farko da ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a Uruguay a zamanin ƙwararru. <ref name="Uruguay">{{Cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=De Arsenal al Olímpico: llegó Uade, el inglés de Rampla Juniors |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/de-arsenal-al-olimpico-llego-uade-el-ingles-de-rampla-juniors-20207611451 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=elobservador.com.uy |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A shekara ta 2008, Uade ya shiga makarantar horar da 'yan wasa ta [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], bayan ya fara aikinsa a kulob din Norsemen . <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ArinseUade}}</ref> Uade ya koma kungiyar SJK ta kasar Finland a lokacin bazara na shekarar 2014, inda ya buga wasa sau hudu a kungiyar B a Kakkonen . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2019 |title=One to watch: Arinse Uade |url=https://englishplayersabroad.com/2019/10/14/one-to-watch-arinse-uade/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=englishplayersabroad.com}}</ref> Bayan ya koma Ingila, ya koma Ilkeston Town a watan Janairun 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2015 |title=EX-ARSENAL PROSPECT ARINSE UADE MAKES SHOCK NON-LEAGUE MOVE |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2015/01/06/sp-youth-international-who-trained-with-arsenal-first-team-last/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=hitc.com}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2015, ya koma wasan kwararru, inda ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Norwich City har zuwa karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2015 |title=ARINSE UADE JOINS UNDER-21s |url=https://www.canaries.co.uk/News/2015/december/arinse-uade-joins-under-21s/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Norwich City F.C.]]}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2016, ya koma ƙungiyar Eastbourne Borough ta National League South, inda ya buga wasanni huɗu. [1] Daga nan ya yi sauran shekara tare da Lewes, inda ya buga wasanni 15 a dukkan gasa. [2] Ya kammala kakar wasa da Tilbury, inda ya buga wasanni biyar. [3] A shekarar 2017, Uade ya buga wa kungiyoyin Isthmian League Harrow Borough da Ashford United wasa. A shekarar 2018, kungiyar Tercera División ta Céltiga ta sayi Uade, inda Uade ya buga wasanni hudu a gasar, kafin ya koma Ingila don sanya hannu a Harlow Town . <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|arinse-uade/314517}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2019 |title=Harlow sign Uade |url=https://www.betvictoristhmian.co.uk/hawks-bring-in-defender-from-spain-55678?external_domain=www.betvictoristhmian.co.uk |access-date=9 June 2020 |website=Isthmian League |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609210248/https://www.betvictoristhmian.co.uk/hawks-bring-in-defender-from-spain-55678?external_domain=www.betvictoristhmian.co.uk |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya ci gaba da buga wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ARINSE UADE - Harlow Town |url=https://www.harlowtownfootballclub.co.uk/teams/86425/player/arinse-uade-2236068/51115 |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Harlow Town F.C.]]}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarar 2019, Uade ya sake komawa Finland, don shiga ƙungiyar RoPS kafin kakar wasa ta 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2019 |title=RoPSin sopimuspelaaja kävi FC Barcelonan testissä: Olisihan se melkoista... |url=https://www.lapinkansa.fi/ropsin-sopimuspelaaja-kavi-fc-barcelonan-testissa/380848 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=lapinkansa.fi |language=Finnish}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin ya buga wasa a RoPS, Uade ya zama ɗan Ingila na farko da ya sanya hannu kan kwangila a Uruguay a zamanin ƙwararru lokacin da ya koma ƙungiyar Rampla Juniors ta ƙasar Uruguay a Segunda División . <ref name="Uruguay"/> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan da ya biyo baya ba tare da ya buga wasa mai kyau ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2020 |title=La diseñadora de moda y el presidente inglés desaparecieron y Rampla pende de un hilo |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/la-disenadora-de-moda-y-el-presidente-ingles-desaparecieron-y-rampla-pende-de-un-hilo-202081020180 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=elobservador.com.uy |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Uade ya wakilci Najeriya a matakin kasa da shekaru 17 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arinse Uade |url=http://www.ex-canaries.co.uk/players/uade.htm |access-date=9 June 2020 |website=Flown From The Nest}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] cd08v6eeg74mwewx8r0fsw1fzqgqbdv 0 151424 839218 836659 2026-05-23T01:12:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bassey Abobo Akpan''' ( listen ⓘ ; an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1984) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]] wanda ya yi ritaya a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] ta NPFL . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Super Eagles goalkeeper Bassey Akpan joins Kano Pillars |url=https://www.brila.net/former-super-eagles-goalkeeper-bassey-akpan-joins-kano-pillars/ |access-date=21 December 2021 |publisher=brila.net}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife Akpan a Eket, Najeriya, ya fara aikinsa da Delta Force Academy of Asaba. Yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta zo ta uku a gasar cin kofin Nike Premier Cup ta 1998 a Paris, Faransa. Daga baya ya shiga Bright Stars Football Academy a 1999. A lokacin wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta Nike Premier Cup ta 1999 a Legas, Akpan ya taka rawar gani a Kwalejin da ke Port-Harcourt kuma an zabe shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mai tsaron gida a gasar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike Premier Cup |url=http://www.footjuniors.com/NPC/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428073324/http://www.footjuniors.com/NPC/ |archive-date=28 April 2017}}</ref> Akpan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kudancin Najeriya, [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a shekarar 2001, inda ya shafe kakar wasa ta 2001-2. Ya koma Sunshine Stars, inda ya buga wasa a sauran kakar wasa ta 2002-03, kafin ya haɗu da [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]] a kakar wasa ta 2003-04, bayan da ƙungiyar da ke Akure ta koma mataki na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria 2003 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig03.html}}</ref> Ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da ''Afonja Warriors'' na tsawon kakar wasa biyu, kafin ya koma [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a karo na biyu a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07. Bayan shekaru biyu da ya yi a [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]], Akpan ya koma aro zuwa Heartland FC a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, inda ya taimaka wa ''Naze Millionaires'' su kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta CAF ta 2009 a karon farko a tarihinsu. Bayan karewar kakar wasa ta aronsa a Heartland a watan Agustan 2009, Akpan ya koma kungiyarsa ta asali [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a kakar wasa ta 2009-10, kafin su fice daga gasar cin kofin CAF Confederation Cup ta 2009 a wasan kusa da na karshe. Ya koma Heartland kafin kakar wasa ta 2010-11, bayan da [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] ta fadi a karshen kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2009-10 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Keeper Akpan set to join Heartland {{!}} SuperSport – Africa's source of sports video, fixtures, results and news |url=https://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101016/keeper_akpan_set_to_join_heartland}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta bana yana lashe kofin FA na Najeriya na 2011. A watan Oktoban 2011, Akpan ya sanya hannu a kulob din farko na Vietnam, Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC, don kakar wasa ta V-League ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reference at m.english.vietnamnet.vn |url=https://m.english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/sports/13918/top-african-goalkeeper-joins-vietnamese-fc.html#ui=mobile }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasansa ta farko da ''kyautar Mafi Kyawun Mai Tsaron Gida'', bayan kyakkyawan aikin da ya yi a wasanni 20 na gasar lig, wanda ya kai Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC matsayi na biyar a teburin kungiyoyi 14. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Heartland goalkeeper makes Vietnam League team of the season {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2012/10/10/3438582/former-heartland-goalkeeper-bassey-akpan-makes-vietnam}}</ref> Akpan ya tsawaita zamansa da Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC na tsawon kakar wasa biyu har zuwa 17 ga Agusta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - B. Akpan - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/bassey-akpan/120774/}}</ref> Ya koma gida ya koma [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2014-15, inda ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar da ke [[Yenagoa]], kafin ya koma [[Kulab ɗin wasan ƙwallon ƙafan Abia Warriors|Abia Warriors]] a matsayin aro har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bassey Akpan joins Abia Warriors {{!}} SuperSport – Africa's source of sports video, fixtures, results and news |url=https://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/150605/Bassey_Akpan_joins_Abia_Warriors}}</ref> Ya koma ƙungiyar garinsu, Akwa United a kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2015-16 . Kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Akpan ya lashe gasar Super Four ta 2016 da kuma [[Kofin Super na Najeriya|gasar Super Cup ta Najeriya]] tare da ''Promise Keepers'' . Ya kasance cikin tawagar a lokacin gasar cin kofin CAF Confederation Cup ta farko. Ya buga wasanni 16 a gasar zakarun Turai a kulob din da ke Uyo, ciki har da rashin zura kwallo a raga da Abia Warriors a wasansu na ranar 30 a filin wasa na Umuahia Township a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abia Warriors, Akwa Utd share points News - Daily Sports Nigeria |url=https://www.dailysportsng.com/news/detail.php?news=3231}}</ref> Akpan ya rattaba hannu kan zakarun NPFL na 2015-16, [[Enugu Rangers]] a tsakiyar kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2016-17 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Amputee Federation president reveal plans for 2020 - Latest Sports News In Nigeria |url=https://www.brila.net/completed-midseason-signings-for-npfl-teams/amp/}}</ref> Akpan ya koma Sunshine Stars FC a karo na biyu a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, kuma an gabatar da shi tare da wasu 'yan wasa 23 a Ondo State Sports Complex a ranar Asabar 19 ga Janairu 2019. Bai buga wa kungiyar kwallon ''kafa ta Akure Gunners'' wasa ba, domin sun kammala kakar wasa ta 2018-19 a matsayi na takwas - matsayi daya sama da yankin da aka fadi daga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reference at www.naijafootballplus.com |url=http://www.naijafootballplus.com/sunshine-stars-unveil-new-players/}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Fashewar da Akpan ya yi a gasar cin kofin Nike International Premier Cup ta 1998 da 1999 a Paris da Barcelona, ta sa aka gayyace shi zuwa tawagar ' yan kasa da shekara 17 ta Najeriya domin shiga gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a shekarar 2001 a shekarar 2000. A ranar 3 ga Maris 2001, ya zaburar da Golden Eaglets zuwa ga lashe kofin nahiyar Afirka na farko a gasar cin kofin 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta Afirka ta 2001 a Seychelles da ci 3-0. A gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 'yan kasa da shekara 17 da aka yi a Trinidad & Tobago, an zabi Akpan a matsayin Gwarzon Mai Tsaron Gasar saboda jarumtar da ya nuna a matsayin mai tsaron raga, duk da cewa Golden Eaglets sun sha kashi 3-0 a hannun Faransa a wasan karshe don samun lambar azurfa. A shekara ta 2002, ya kasance cikin tawagar [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Maza ta Najeriya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20|Flying Eagles]] wadda ta kasa samun gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin CAF U-20 ta Burkina Faso ta 2003 . Daga watan Yunin 2003 zuwa Maris na 2004, Akpan memba ne na ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Najeriya kuma ya shiga gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar CAF yayin da ƙungiyar ta gaza samun tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Athens ta 2004 ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qwvl0uf0sas2gdkkwd8efsm9r5mtqbb 0 151609 839152 837399 2026-05-22T21:11:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Babatunde Martins''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne [[Najeriya|na Najeriya]] wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Future FC a gasar Firimiya ta Masar . <ref>{{Soccerway|id=bello-babatunde-martins/811478|accessdate=6 June 2022}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Bello ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Sunshine Stars a ranar 13 ga Yuni 2021, inda ya fara wasan NPFL da [[Enugu Rangers]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2021 |title=Enugu Rangers - Sunshine Stars 4:1 |url=https://www.livesport.com/en/match/IR74UOL8/#/match-summary/match-summary |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=livesport.com |language=en}}</ref> A tsakiyar kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya koma Akwa United, [1] zakaran gasar cin kofin Najeriya, inda ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa cikin sauri. [2] [3] Ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyi tsakanin Sweden da Masar da salon wasansa na NPFL, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alao |first=Seyi |date=2022-09-26 |title=19 year-old Babatunde courting interests from Egypt, Sweden |url=https://www.brila.net/19-year-old-babatunde-courting-interests-from-egypt-sweden/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=[[Brila FM|Brila]] |language=en-US}}</ref> daga ƙarshe ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar ta Future FC, a watan Oktoban 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=El-Swaify |first=Mohamed |date=2022-10-12 |title=فيوتشر يعلن صفقة نيجيرية.. ويتعاقد مع ميرا |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=1179813 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Kooora.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An fara kiran Babatunde Bello zuwa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya]] a watan Mayun 2022 don wasannin sada zumunci da Mexico da Ecuador . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Peseiro: We will make the best of what we have. Ekong, Simon, 18 others in Dallas for Mexico, Ecuador friendlies |url=https://www.thenff.com/2022/05/peseiro-we-will-make-the-best-of-what-we-have-ekong-simon-18-others-in-dallas-for-mexico-ecuador-friendlies/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=[[Nigeria Football Federation]] |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=HV Fréjus |date=25 May 2022 |title=Nigéria : Encore du changement dans le groupe des Super Eagles |url=https://africafootunited.com/nigeria-encore-du-changement-dans-le-groupe-des-super-eagles/ |access-date=6 Jun 2022 |website=Africa Foot United |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] r2c4m27jd28w76tyn2u3nbwzwnbp9jn 4 151786 839264 838851 2026-05-23T07:18:36Z Muktee1494 26992 Apply 839264 json application/json { "u24259": { "username": "Abusule dankofa", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na editor na wikimedia hanzai bani damar yin aiki cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u12444": { "username": "Hamza DK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "As an second active editor of Wiktionary and Wikidata, I need this data support to edit more and upload information on Wiktionary, Wikipedia and wiki data. And this support will helps me contribute regularly and improve free knowledge for everyone." }, "u9880": { "username": "Galdiz", "state": "Borno", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Na kasance edita me bada gudummawa harna tsawon kusan shekara 7 ina Alfahari da wannan aiki da nakeyi. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data support ne saboda watarana kanaso kayi wani abin Amman rashin data saiya hanaka wannan tallafi zai taimaka kwarai da gaske Allah ya bamu sa’a ya taimaki Hausa Wikipedia." }, "u21576": { "username": "Dev moha2507", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data domin in ci gaba da aikin da nake yi a Wikimedia/Hausa Wikipedia.\nIna so na ciga ba da inganta bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina amfani da lokaci na wajen bincike, gyara, da rubuta ingantattun bayanai domin su amfani al’umma baki ɗaya.\nina fuskantar ƙarancin data wanda ke rage min damar ci gaba da wannan aiki mai muhimmanci. Idan aka taimaka min da wannan tallafi, zan iya ƙara himma wajen:\nInganta Hausa Wikipedia da ƙarin articles masu amfani\nTaimakawa wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin Hausa\nDa kuma shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia community yadda ya kamata" }, "u44591": { "username": "Engineer014", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ni sabon edita ne a Hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin tabbas zan ƙara samun karsashi na ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙalu da kuma gyara waɗanda ke akwai. Tabbas samun wannan tallafin zai taimaka mani wajan ƙarin karsahi." }, "u19233": { "username": "Ibrahim abusufyan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "I need the data supppprt.because it will help.in wrinting ,and make your.work.more easire and paster,ballerss ,so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more engl8shnto.determ" }, "u39275": { "username": "Sardeeq", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "As an active editor data support will definitely help more, inorder for me to keep contributing i think I need the support 100%.\nI also I need the data support to research edit and improve Wikipedia articles consistently and effectively." }, "u38699": { "username": "Arcdanumma047", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need this in order to contribute More and more edit then last time because of this data . Because some time we can't get data network and we want edit, but now I believed. If we get this free data network the edit will add more" }, "u22698": { "username": "Umar A Muhammad", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need data support because I needed for many reason first I'm a student I don't have enouph money .\n The support will help me participate actively in Wikimedia activities, online trainings, research, editing, and community contributions without internet limitations." }, "u28242": { "username": "Dmukhtar105", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I want data support to activately contribute to Hausa Wikipedia by creating, editing and improving articles in hausa language,the support will enables me to access different resources conduct research and participate regularly" }, "u43323": { "username": "Saad Nuhu", "state": "Gombe", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na Administrator hakan zai bani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci domin tantance aiki mai kyau cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u45027": { "username": "Wayit", "state": "Plateau", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am a student and am really struggling to get data to be in the wikimedia hausa space to learn more and also give my on impact \nAnd even to run some of my school activities on line so if am being supported it will really mean a lot to me and it will go along way" }, "u41082": { "username": "Hussey833", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan data support in ne domin hakan zai taimaka min wajen bada gudumuwa cikin natsuwa da kuma tabbatar da inkancin shafin wikipedia batare da fargaba ba,sannan kuma tallafin yakan kara karsashi cikin natsuwa wajen gaanin cewa bada gudunmuwa ta edit baizamo matsala ba a wannan shafi na wikipedia" }, "u24783": { "username": "Abubakar Kaddi", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne na data support domin cigaba bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma yan uwanta, ada an taɓa bani kuma naji daɗi saboda na ninka ayyukan da nakeyi na editing din Wikipedia a lokacin da na samu tallafin Nagode Allah ya bamu nasara daga Abubakar Kaddi" }, "u32668": { "username": "Muhdavdullahi", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukala da gyaran muqala.\nA matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa hakan zaibani damar kirkira da kuma gyara mukala batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u22641": { "username": "Naja'atu Bintoo Usman", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support because I actively contribute to Wikipedia by reading, editing, and researching articles. Access to data will help me contribute more consistently, improve the quality of my edits, and support my learning and research activities, especially where internet access is limited." }, "u12577": { "username": "Umar-askira", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina nema wanna tallafin me daga gidauniya ya Hausa Wikimedians domin chi gaba da nada gudunmuwa a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanya kirikiran makalai, bunkasa makalai tare da inganta makalai. Hausa Wikipedia tana bukatan cigaba da bunkasa ta hanyar fasara makalai daga wasu yarikan zuwa Hausa Musamman English zuwa Hausa ko Arabic zuwa Hausa." }, "u28228": { "username": "HK RIGASA2", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data Support Program domin samun damar cigaba da bada gudummawa a ayyukan Wikimedia musamman Wikipedia da sauran projects. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen samun internet data domin yin editing, bincike, upload na abubuwa masu amfani da kuma kara inganta ilimin al’umma ta hanyar harshen Hausa.\nHaka kuma wannan tallafin zai kara min karfin gwaiwa da kuzarin cigaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai tare da koyon sababbin abubuwa a cikin Wikimedia movement. Ina da burin amfani da wannan dama wajen taimakawa wajen yada ingantaccen ilimi kyauta ga al’umma." }, "u19064": { "username": "Mansir Yusuf", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen kwarin gwiwar cigaba da bada gudunmawa a makalolin Hausa Wikipedia, ina fatan sanyi nasarar samun tallafin domin ina bukatar shi kuma zai taimaka min bama ni ka dai ba da sauran editicin da suka nemi wannan tallafin" }, "u29451": { "username": "Halima Waziri", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data support to enhance my contributions to open knowledge and improve access to reliable information. The support will help me overcome internet and data cost challenges, enabling me to actively participate in Wikimedia projects through editing, research, uploads, and community activities. It will also support my efforts to promote digital literacy, document local knowledge, and encourage more people, especially underrepresented groups, to contribute to free and accessible knowledge platforms." }, "u44366": { "username": "Pretty Fulani", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data supppprt because it will help me to continue contribute and make your work more easire and paster also I don have enauph money ballerss so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more." }, "u14681": { "username": "Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu", "state": "Plateau", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi na nema a baya ban taba samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na dace domin wannan tallafi nasan zai taimaka min sosai musamman wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwa a shafukan hausa wikipedia domin wani lokacin kanaso ka bada gudunmuwa ko kayi editing to rashin isassar data sai ta hana mutum duk yadda kaso da kayi editing din" }, "u44560": { "username": "Mai Jiddah muhammad", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina buƙatar wannan tallafi ne domin ni sabuwa ce a gyara makalolin Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbi, ina fatan samun wannan tallafin zai kara min hazaka wajen ganin na cigaba da editing da samar da makalolin Wikipedia idan har na samun tallafin, dan haka wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai idan na same shi, Nagode." }, "u12403": { "username": "M Bash Ne", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support to help me actively continuing contribute to Wikimedia projects, especially Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language Wikimedia platforms. The support will enable me to participate in online editing activities, create and improve articles, upload educational content, and engage in community campaigns, training, and outreach programs. Reliable internet access is very important for my contributions and will help me continue promoting free knowledge in the Hausa language community." }, "u28682": { "username": "Khalifah123", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Am requesting for it because it will gave me the opportunity to create some articles and edits some previous articles properly and also give the chance to do my work without me thinking of going out of data thank you" }, "u37991": { "username": "MUDASSIR MODE BISSALAM", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data akan ayukkan da mukeyi na internet,\nDon zakalo muhimman abubuwa na yau da kullun,zamu gabatar da bincike bincikenmu idan har munsamu gudun muwa daga gareku,hakika wannan aiki yanada mahimmanci sosai ga al’umma da duniya baki daya amma muna muna bukatar support na yin aiki tukuru." }, "u21046": { "username": "Dev ammar", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina bukatan wannan tallafi saboda na siya data don bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia, sakamakon rashin data da nake fuskanta, hakan na bani wahala wajen samun isasshen lokaci da zan bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia dalili shine ina amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa wato computer wajen sauqaqar da aikina, kuma tana jan data sosai. Nagode" }, "u25549": { "username": "Pharouqenr", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da kuma gyaran muƙalu. A matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa kuma mai gudanarwa, hakan zaibani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u27364": { "username": "Sani Abdullahi M", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "A lokacin baya ni ma na taba neman wannan tallafi ban samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na samu a hakikan gaskiya wannan tallafin zai taimakawa mu kananan editoci wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwar yin editing ina fatan a wannan karon nayi nasara na samu domin na zama mai bada gudunmuwa a koda yaushe" }, "u14848": { "username": "Zahrah0", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data support ne saboda in ringa bada gudunmawa a wajen editing, kir Kiran muƙala, fassara a hausa Wikipedia saboda wani lokaci rashin data shiyake hana ni editing da kuma fassarori a Wikipedia" }, "u31123": { "username": "Nnamadee", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data ne saboda zai taimaka mani sosai wajen inganta muƙala, ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata. A matsayina na administrator kuma mai bada gudummawa ta din-din-din, tallafin data zai taimaka mani sosai wajen ƙara jajircewa." }, "u30485": { "username": "Aluja", "state": "Nasarawa", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin kara samun kwarin gwiwa wajen bayar da gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta. Duk da cewa muna bada gudummawar amma wannan tallafi na ƙaramin tasiri zai yi ba ƙara mana ƙaimi a cikin tafiyar. Allah Ubangiji ya bamu sa'a." }, "u15405": { "username": "Ibrahim Sani Mustapha", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske wajen ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai." }, "u23935": { "username": "Ummun Sultan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi ina neman shi ne domin samun data da zan cigaba Congratulations Hausa Wikipedia da kuma sister projects nata, idan na samu wannan tallafi zanyi amfani da shi wajen kara yawan gudunmawar da nake badawa a hausa Wikipedia da kuma sister project nata." }, "u37993": { "username": "Abbakaramb", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "To help me stay online so that I can edit and write in wikimedia.\nAs you all know that Data is too cost now and the economy is not friendly😊.\nI need like 10-15GB if i am to stay online for at least a week." }, "u24821": { "username": "Ashiru Lawal", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am writing to request data support to assist and enhance my efforts in Wikipedia editing and publishing. I have remained committed to contributing valuable and reliable information on Wikipedia through regular editing, research, and content improvement aimed at promoting free access to knowledge." }, "u21695": { "username": "BAFFA ISAH MK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am requesting data support to help me remain active in contributing to Wikimedia platforms, with a strong focus on Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language projects. Access to internet data will allow me to continue editing and developing articles, sharing educational resources, and taking part in online trainings, campaigns, and community engagement activities.\n\nThis support will greatly improve my ability to contribute consistently and continue advancing free and accessible knowledge for Hausa-speaking communities through Wikimedia initiatives." }, "u38060": { "username": "Kaddi123", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Inanem talafi domin cigaba da editing da samun damar bada gudumuwa a shafin Wikipedia cikin Sauki, wannan zai taimaka min wurin yin ayukan na yau da kulum masaman wurin editing,Ina farin ciki sosai idan na samu shiga cikin wadanda zasu samu wannan talafi na Wikipedia,. Abubakar lawali kaddi" }, "u45064": { "username": "Salahuddin lawan", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want this application in order to improve my life career and earn comfortable life and my school fees money please help me to approve my application due to my reasonable condition and give a chance to help each other for our good career for getting job to earn a living in my life" }, "u21281": { "username": "Mustysummy", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina shaawar bada gudummuwa ga Wikipedia da inganta damar samun ilimi kyauta. \nTallafin zai taimake ni yin bincik, Kirkira, gyara da sabunta tare da \ningantacen bayani. Hakan zai bani damar shiga cikin ayyukan Wikipedia da bada gudummuwar ingantacen aiki wanda zai amfanar da jama'a a duniya baki daya" }, "u37986": { "username": "Maiakwai4u", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman talafi data domin Kara karfa fawa Gurin ci gaban da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa a Duniya, wanna da ya shafi tarihi, Tatalin Arziki, Cigaban Kimita, Nima, Fisahar zamani da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa da aladun Harshen Hausa." }, "u24987": { "username": "Kamal JB", "state": "Kebbi", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na data support ne saboda samun cikakkiyar dama wajen kara inganta Wikimedia projects musamman a bangaren yaren mu na Hausa. Ina matukar sanya rai na samun wannan tallafi saboda na nema a baya ban samu ba." }, "u24854": { "username": "Nura Bello", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske Gurin ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai a wannan bagere na Wikipedia." }, "u22074": { "username": "A'isha A Ibrahim", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Assalamu Alaikum,\nIna mai neman wannan tallafi a matsayina ta mace wadda muke da bukatar karfafawa a wajen bayar da gudummawarmu a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Hakika samun wannan tallafi ba ƙaramin ƙara jawo hankalinmu zai yi ba na ganin cewa mun jajirce wajen bayar da gudummawarmu kuma na ganin cewa muma ana damawa da mu a kowane fanni." }, "u26434": { "username": "Habibah A Jisambo", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want to apply for data support to enable me contribute more actively to Wikipedia by creating, editing, and improving articles. Data support will help me access the internet regularly so I can research reliable information, upload useful content, and participate in Wikimedia activities without interruption. This support will encourage me to contribute more knowledge and help make information" }, "u20498": { "username": "Bembety", "state": "Gombe", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Wannan damar za ta sa ni in ƙara ƙwazo wajen gyarawa da bayar da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikipedia. Haka kuma, za ta taimaka mini wajen ƙara ilimi, inganta ƙwarewata ta gyarawa, da haɗin gwiwa da sauran masu gyaran Wikipedia wajen yaɗa ingantaccen kuma amintaccen bayani ga jama’a. Ta wannan hanya, zan iya bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen bunƙasa ilimi kyauta da kuma tallafawa al’ummar Wikimedia." }, "u38003": { "username": "Abdulrahaman Barau Ahmad", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I need data to do more Research and to create more historical about something that will benefit the people so that it can be easily to access and knowing about history.\nAnd I will used the data to strategy by going deep down and be committed to ensure by going through history and making to add some of my knowledge about the history." }, "u26992": { "username": "Muktee1494", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-23", "text": "Suna na Muktar Hassan Abdullahi, Gwararren Edito na Hausa Wikipedia Wanda nake Zaune a Jihar Kaduna a Arewacin Nageriya. Ina mai faring ciki dun ganin an bude wannnan gidauniya ta tainakun editoci dun su samu su ci gaba da bada gudun mawa A hausa Wikipedia. \nNima ina mai matukar alfari da hakan sannan kuma ina Neman wannan gudun mawa wacce Hauwa Wikimedia User Group suke ba dawa dun zata tai maka sosai wajen garfafa mana (Editoci) guiwa dun munsan Hausa Wikipedia basu manta damu ba. \nIna fatan zan samu wannan gudun mawar. \nZaayi duba record dina na Editing na Hausa Wikipedia na sama da watanni biyar 5 domin a ga irin gudun mawar da nake bada wa" } } gkpetp7ex2dlvd66zy69g1fcf9malbd 839290 839264 2026-05-23T09:23:19Z Mal Rabo 28791 Apply 839290 json application/json { "u24259": { "username": "Abusule dankofa", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na editor na wikimedia hanzai bani damar yin aiki cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u12444": { "username": "Hamza DK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "As an second active editor of Wiktionary and Wikidata, I need this data support to edit more and upload information on Wiktionary, Wikipedia and wiki data. And this support will helps me contribute regularly and improve free knowledge for everyone." }, "u9880": { "username": "Galdiz", "state": "Borno", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Na kasance edita me bada gudummawa harna tsawon kusan shekara 7 ina Alfahari da wannan aiki da nakeyi. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data support ne saboda watarana kanaso kayi wani abin Amman rashin data saiya hanaka wannan tallafi zai taimaka kwarai da gaske Allah ya bamu sa’a ya taimaki Hausa Wikipedia." }, "u21576": { "username": "Dev moha2507", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data domin in ci gaba da aikin da nake yi a Wikimedia/Hausa Wikipedia.\nIna so na ciga ba da inganta bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina amfani da lokaci na wajen bincike, gyara, da rubuta ingantattun bayanai domin su amfani al’umma baki ɗaya.\nina fuskantar ƙarancin data wanda ke rage min damar ci gaba da wannan aiki mai muhimmanci. Idan aka taimaka min da wannan tallafi, zan iya ƙara himma wajen:\nInganta Hausa Wikipedia da ƙarin articles masu amfani\nTaimakawa wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin Hausa\nDa kuma shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia community yadda ya kamata" }, "u44591": { "username": "Engineer014", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ni sabon edita ne a Hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin tabbas zan ƙara samun karsashi na ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙalu da kuma gyara waɗanda ke akwai. Tabbas samun wannan tallafin zai taimaka mani wajan ƙarin karsahi." }, "u19233": { "username": "Ibrahim abusufyan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "I need the data supppprt.because it will help.in wrinting ,and make your.work.more easire and paster,ballerss ,so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more engl8shnto.determ" }, "u39275": { "username": "Sardeeq", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "As an active editor data support will definitely help more, inorder for me to keep contributing i think I need the support 100%.\nI also I need the data support to research edit and improve Wikipedia articles consistently and effectively." }, "u38699": { "username": "Arcdanumma047", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need this in order to contribute More and more edit then last time because of this data . Because some time we can't get data network and we want edit, but now I believed. If we get this free data network the edit will add more" }, "u22698": { "username": "Umar A Muhammad", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need data support because I needed for many reason first I'm a student I don't have enouph money .\n The support will help me participate actively in Wikimedia activities, online trainings, research, editing, and community contributions without internet limitations." }, "u28242": { "username": "Dmukhtar105", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I want data support to activately contribute to Hausa Wikipedia by creating, editing and improving articles in hausa language,the support will enables me to access different resources conduct research and participate regularly" }, "u43323": { "username": "Saad Nuhu", "state": "Gombe", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na Administrator hakan zai bani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci domin tantance aiki mai kyau cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u45027": { "username": "Wayit", "state": "Plateau", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am a student and am really struggling to get data to be in the wikimedia hausa space to learn more and also give my on impact \nAnd even to run some of my school activities on line so if am being supported it will really mean a lot to me and it will go along way" }, "u41082": { "username": "Hussey833", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan data support in ne domin hakan zai taimaka min wajen bada gudumuwa cikin natsuwa da kuma tabbatar da inkancin shafin wikipedia batare da fargaba ba,sannan kuma tallafin yakan kara karsashi cikin natsuwa wajen gaanin cewa bada gudunmuwa ta edit baizamo matsala ba a wannan shafi na wikipedia" }, "u24783": { "username": "Abubakar Kaddi", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne na data support domin cigaba bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma yan uwanta, ada an taɓa bani kuma naji daɗi saboda na ninka ayyukan da nakeyi na editing din Wikipedia a lokacin da na samu tallafin Nagode Allah ya bamu nasara daga Abubakar Kaddi" }, "u32668": { "username": "Muhdavdullahi", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukala da gyaran muqala.\nA matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa hakan zaibani damar kirkira da kuma gyara mukala batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u22641": { "username": "Naja'atu Bintoo Usman", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support because I actively contribute to Wikipedia by reading, editing, and researching articles. Access to data will help me contribute more consistently, improve the quality of my edits, and support my learning and research activities, especially where internet access is limited." }, "u12577": { "username": "Umar-askira", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina nema wanna tallafin me daga gidauniya ya Hausa Wikimedians domin chi gaba da nada gudunmuwa a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanya kirikiran makalai, bunkasa makalai tare da inganta makalai. Hausa Wikipedia tana bukatan cigaba da bunkasa ta hanyar fasara makalai daga wasu yarikan zuwa Hausa Musamman English zuwa Hausa ko Arabic zuwa Hausa." }, "u28228": { "username": "HK RIGASA2", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data Support Program domin samun damar cigaba da bada gudummawa a ayyukan Wikimedia musamman Wikipedia da sauran projects. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen samun internet data domin yin editing, bincike, upload na abubuwa masu amfani da kuma kara inganta ilimin al’umma ta hanyar harshen Hausa.\nHaka kuma wannan tallafin zai kara min karfin gwaiwa da kuzarin cigaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai tare da koyon sababbin abubuwa a cikin Wikimedia movement. Ina da burin amfani da wannan dama wajen taimakawa wajen yada ingantaccen ilimi kyauta ga al’umma." }, "u19064": { "username": "Mansir Yusuf", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen kwarin gwiwar cigaba da bada gudunmawa a makalolin Hausa Wikipedia, ina fatan sanyi nasarar samun tallafin domin ina bukatar shi kuma zai taimaka min bama ni ka dai ba da sauran editicin da suka nemi wannan tallafin" }, "u29451": { "username": "Halima Waziri", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data support to enhance my contributions to open knowledge and improve access to reliable information. The support will help me overcome internet and data cost challenges, enabling me to actively participate in Wikimedia projects through editing, research, uploads, and community activities. It will also support my efforts to promote digital literacy, document local knowledge, and encourage more people, especially underrepresented groups, to contribute to free and accessible knowledge platforms." }, "u44366": { "username": "Pretty Fulani", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data supppprt because it will help me to continue contribute and make your work more easire and paster also I don have enauph money ballerss so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more." }, "u14681": { "username": "Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu", "state": "Plateau", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi na nema a baya ban taba samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na dace domin wannan tallafi nasan zai taimaka min sosai musamman wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwa a shafukan hausa wikipedia domin wani lokacin kanaso ka bada gudunmuwa ko kayi editing to rashin isassar data sai ta hana mutum duk yadda kaso da kayi editing din" }, "u44560": { "username": "Mai Jiddah muhammad", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina buƙatar wannan tallafi ne domin ni sabuwa ce a gyara makalolin Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbi, ina fatan samun wannan tallafin zai kara min hazaka wajen ganin na cigaba da editing da samar da makalolin Wikipedia idan har na samun tallafin, dan haka wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai idan na same shi, Nagode." }, "u12403": { "username": "M Bash Ne", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support to help me actively continuing contribute to Wikimedia projects, especially Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language Wikimedia platforms. The support will enable me to participate in online editing activities, create and improve articles, upload educational content, and engage in community campaigns, training, and outreach programs. Reliable internet access is very important for my contributions and will help me continue promoting free knowledge in the Hausa language community." }, "u28682": { "username": "Khalifah123", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Am requesting for it because it will gave me the opportunity to create some articles and edits some previous articles properly and also give the chance to do my work without me thinking of going out of data thank you" }, "u37991": { "username": "MUDASSIR MODE BISSALAM", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data akan ayukkan da mukeyi na internet,\nDon zakalo muhimman abubuwa na yau da kullun,zamu gabatar da bincike bincikenmu idan har munsamu gudun muwa daga gareku,hakika wannan aiki yanada mahimmanci sosai ga al’umma da duniya baki daya amma muna muna bukatar support na yin aiki tukuru." }, "u21046": { "username": "Dev ammar", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina bukatan wannan tallafi saboda na siya data don bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia, sakamakon rashin data da nake fuskanta, hakan na bani wahala wajen samun isasshen lokaci da zan bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia dalili shine ina amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa wato computer wajen sauqaqar da aikina, kuma tana jan data sosai. Nagode" }, "u25549": { "username": "Pharouqenr", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da kuma gyaran muƙalu. A matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa kuma mai gudanarwa, hakan zaibani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u27364": { "username": "Sani Abdullahi M", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "A lokacin baya ni ma na taba neman wannan tallafi ban samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na samu a hakikan gaskiya wannan tallafin zai taimakawa mu kananan editoci wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwar yin editing ina fatan a wannan karon nayi nasara na samu domin na zama mai bada gudunmuwa a koda yaushe" }, "u14848": { "username": "Zahrah0", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data support ne saboda in ringa bada gudunmawa a wajen editing, kir Kiran muƙala, fassara a hausa Wikipedia saboda wani lokaci rashin data shiyake hana ni editing da kuma fassarori a Wikipedia" }, "u31123": { "username": "Nnamadee", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data ne saboda zai taimaka mani sosai wajen inganta muƙala, ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata. A matsayina na administrator kuma mai bada gudummawa ta din-din-din, tallafin data zai taimaka mani sosai wajen ƙara jajircewa." }, "u30485": { "username": "Aluja", "state": "Nasarawa", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin kara samun kwarin gwiwa wajen bayar da gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta. Duk da cewa muna bada gudummawar amma wannan tallafi na ƙaramin tasiri zai yi ba ƙara mana ƙaimi a cikin tafiyar. Allah Ubangiji ya bamu sa'a." }, "u15405": { "username": "Ibrahim Sani Mustapha", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske wajen ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai." }, "u23935": { "username": "Ummun Sultan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi ina neman shi ne domin samun data da zan cigaba Congratulations Hausa Wikipedia da kuma sister projects nata, idan na samu wannan tallafi zanyi amfani da shi wajen kara yawan gudunmawar da nake badawa a hausa Wikipedia da kuma sister project nata." }, "u37993": { "username": "Abbakaramb", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "To help me stay online so that I can edit and write in wikimedia.\nAs you all know that Data is too cost now and the economy is not friendly😊.\nI need like 10-15GB if i am to stay online for at least a week." }, "u24821": { "username": "Ashiru Lawal", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am writing to request data support to assist and enhance my efforts in Wikipedia editing and publishing. I have remained committed to contributing valuable and reliable information on Wikipedia through regular editing, research, and content improvement aimed at promoting free access to knowledge." }, "u21695": { "username": "BAFFA ISAH MK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am requesting data support to help me remain active in contributing to Wikimedia platforms, with a strong focus on Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language projects. Access to internet data will allow me to continue editing and developing articles, sharing educational resources, and taking part in online trainings, campaigns, and community engagement activities.\n\nThis support will greatly improve my ability to contribute consistently and continue advancing free and accessible knowledge for Hausa-speaking communities through Wikimedia initiatives." }, "u38060": { "username": "Kaddi123", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Inanem talafi domin cigaba da editing da samun damar bada gudumuwa a shafin Wikipedia cikin Sauki, wannan zai taimaka min wurin yin ayukan na yau da kulum masaman wurin editing,Ina farin ciki sosai idan na samu shiga cikin wadanda zasu samu wannan talafi na Wikipedia,. Abubakar lawali kaddi" }, "u45064": { "username": "Salahuddin lawan", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want this application in order to improve my life career and earn comfortable life and my school fees money please help me to approve my application due to my reasonable condition and give a chance to help each other for our good career for getting job to earn a living in my life" }, "u21281": { "username": "Mustysummy", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina shaawar bada gudummuwa ga Wikipedia da inganta damar samun ilimi kyauta. \nTallafin zai taimake ni yin bincik, Kirkira, gyara da sabunta tare da \ningantacen bayani. Hakan zai bani damar shiga cikin ayyukan Wikipedia da bada gudummuwar ingantacen aiki wanda zai amfanar da jama'a a duniya baki daya" }, "u37986": { "username": "Maiakwai4u", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman talafi data domin Kara karfa fawa Gurin ci gaban da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa a Duniya, wanna da ya shafi tarihi, Tatalin Arziki, Cigaban Kimita, Nima, Fisahar zamani da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa da aladun Harshen Hausa." }, "u24987": { "username": "Kamal JB", "state": "Kebbi", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na data support ne saboda samun cikakkiyar dama wajen kara inganta Wikimedia projects musamman a bangaren yaren mu na Hausa. Ina matukar sanya rai na samun wannan tallafi saboda na nema a baya ban samu ba." }, "u24854": { "username": "Nura Bello", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske Gurin ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai a wannan bagere na Wikipedia." }, "u22074": { "username": "A'isha A Ibrahim", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Assalamu Alaikum,\nIna mai neman wannan tallafi a matsayina ta mace wadda muke da bukatar karfafawa a wajen bayar da gudummawarmu a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Hakika samun wannan tallafi ba ƙaramin ƙara jawo hankalinmu zai yi ba na ganin cewa mun jajirce wajen bayar da gudummawarmu kuma na ganin cewa muma ana damawa da mu a kowane fanni." }, "u26434": { "username": "Habibah A Jisambo", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want to apply for data support to enable me contribute more actively to Wikipedia by creating, editing, and improving articles. Data support will help me access the internet regularly so I can research reliable information, upload useful content, and participate in Wikimedia activities without interruption. This support will encourage me to contribute more knowledge and help make information" }, "u20498": { "username": "Bembety", "state": "Gombe", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Wannan damar za ta sa ni in ƙara ƙwazo wajen gyarawa da bayar da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikipedia. Haka kuma, za ta taimaka mini wajen ƙara ilimi, inganta ƙwarewata ta gyarawa, da haɗin gwiwa da sauran masu gyaran Wikipedia wajen yaɗa ingantaccen kuma amintaccen bayani ga jama’a. Ta wannan hanya, zan iya bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen bunƙasa ilimi kyauta da kuma tallafawa al’ummar Wikimedia." }, "u38003": { "username": "Abdulrahaman Barau Ahmad", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I need data to do more Research and to create more historical about something that will benefit the people so that it can be easily to access and knowing about history.\nAnd I will used the data to strategy by going deep down and be committed to ensure by going through history and making to add some of my knowledge about the history." }, "u26992": { "username": "Muktee1494", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-23", "text": "Suna na Muktar Hassan Abdullahi, Gwararren Edito na Hausa Wikipedia Wanda nake Zaune a Jihar Kaduna a Arewacin Nageriya. Ina mai faring ciki dun ganin an bude wannnan gidauniya ta tainakun editoci dun su samu su ci gaba da bada gudun mawa A hausa Wikipedia. \nNima ina mai matukar alfari da hakan sannan kuma ina Neman wannan gudun mawa wacce Hauwa Wikimedia User Group suke ba dawa dun zata tai maka sosai wajen garfafa mana (Editoci) guiwa dun munsan Hausa Wikipedia basu manta damu ba. \nIna fatan zan samu wannan gudun mawar. \nZaayi duba record dina na Editing na Hausa Wikipedia na sama da watanni biyar 5 domin a ga irin gudun mawar da nake bada wa" }, "u28791": { "username": "Mal Rabo", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-23", "text": "I need the data support to enable me continue editing, translating, and publishing articles on Wikipedia consistently. As an active member of the Hausa Wikimedia community, I contribute to sharing knowledge and improving access to information online. However, limited internet data often makes it difficult for me to log in regularly and make contributions. Receiving this support will help me stay active on Wikipedia, contribute more effectively, and continue promoting free and accessible knowledge through my edits and publications." } } hp7t094c3seofjuivkyt3wx326j0fb7 0 151989 839019 2026-05-22T11:59:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355431120|List of Nigerian film stars]]" 839019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jerin taurarin fina-finai na Najeriya''' jerin sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne,' yan wasan kwaikwayo, masu shirya fina-fakkaatu, da masu nishadantarwa da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar fina-falla ta Najeriya, wanda aka fi sani da [[Nollywood]] tun daga shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajaero |first=Chris |title=The Stars of Nollywood |url=https://www.nollywoodgists.com/news/12990/the-stars-of-nollywood.html |access-date=2026-05-21 |website=Nollywood Gists |language=en}}</ref> == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Nollywood == === A === [[Ali Nuhu]] Alexx Ekubo [[Adebayo Salami]] [[Adesua Etomi]] === C === [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] [[Chioma Chukwuka]] === D === [[Desmond Elliot]] [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] === E === [[Eucharia Anunobi]] === F === [[Funke Akindele]] === G === [[Genevieve Nnaji]] === I === [[Ini Edo]] === J === [[Jim Iyke]] [[Joke Silva]] === K === [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] [[Kate Henshaw]] [[Kenneth Okonkwo]] [[Kunle Afolayan]] === M === [[Mercy Johnson|Rahama Johnson]] [[Mike Ezuruonye]] === N === [[Nkem Owoh]] [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] [[Nonso Diobi]] [[Nosa Rex]] === O === [[Odunlade Adekola]] [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde]] [[Osita Iheme]] [[Olu Jacobs|Olu Yakubu]] === P === [[Patience Ozokwor]] [[Pete Edochie]] === R === [[Ramsey Nouah]] [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] [[Rita Dominic]] === S === [[Segun Arinze]] [[Stephanie Okereke Linus]] === Y === [[Yul Edochie]] === Z === [[Zack Orji]] [[Zubby Michael]] == Dubi kuma == [[Nollywood]] [[Najeriya]] [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya]] [[Sinima a Afrika|Fim na Afirka]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> fzxnthd7ud3klrddi7g1054rv25paw0 839020 839019 2026-05-22T12:00:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 839020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jerin taurarin fina-finai na Najeriya''' jerin sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne,' yan wasan kwaikwayo, masu shirya fina-fakkaatu, da masu nishadantarwa da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar fina-falla ta Najeriya, wanda aka fi sani da [[Nollywood]] tun daga shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajaero |first=Chris |title=The Stars of Nollywood |url=https://www.nollywoodgists.com/news/12990/the-stars-of-nollywood.html |access-date=2026-05-21 |website=Nollywood Gists |language=en}}</ref> == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Nollywood == === A === [[Ali Nuhu]] Alexx Ekubo [[Adebayo Salami]] [[Adesua Etomi]] === C === [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] [[Chioma Chukwuka]] === D === [[Desmond Elliot]] [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] === E === [[Eucharia Anunobi]] === F === [[Funke Akindele]] === G === [[Genevieve Nnaji]] === I === [[Ini Edo]] === J === [[Jim Iyke]] [[Joke Silva]] === K === [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] [[Kate Henshaw]] [[Kenneth Okonkwo]] [[Kunle Afolayan]] === M === [[Mercy Johnson|Rahama Johnson]] [[Mike Ezuruonye]] === N === [[Nkem Owoh]] [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] [[Nonso Diobi]] [[Nosa Rex]] === O === [[Odunlade Adekola]] [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde]] [[Osita Iheme]] [[Olu Jacobs|Olu Yakubu]] === P === [[Patience Ozokwor]] [[Pete Edochie]] === R === [[Ramsey Nouah]] [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] [[Rita Dominic]] === S === [[Segun Arinze]] [[Stephanie Okereke Linus]] === Y === [[Yul Edochie]] === Z === [[Zack Orji]] [[Zubby Michael]] == Dubi kuma == [[Nollywood]] [[Najeriya]] [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya]] [[Sinima a Afrika|Fim na Afirka]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> ac34e0lzzf2wyoho6dhs5miu4xfvb96 839022 839020 2026-05-22T12:00:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 /* Manazarta */ 839022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jerin taurarin fina-finai na Najeriya''' jerin sanannun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ne,' yan wasan kwaikwayo, masu shirya fina-fakkaatu, da masu nishadantarwa da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar fina-falla ta Najeriya, wanda aka fi sani da [[Nollywood]] tun daga shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajaero |first=Chris |title=The Stars of Nollywood |url=https://www.nollywoodgists.com/news/12990/the-stars-of-nollywood.html |access-date=2026-05-21 |website=Nollywood Gists |language=en}}</ref> == 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Nollywood == === A === [[Ali Nuhu]] Alexx Ekubo [[Adebayo Salami]] [[Adesua Etomi]] === C === [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] [[Chioma Chukwuka]] === D === [[Desmond Elliot]] [[Deyemi Okanlawon]] === E === [[Eucharia Anunobi]] === F === [[Funke Akindele]] === G === [[Genevieve Nnaji]] === I === [[Ini Edo]] === J === [[Jim Iyke]] [[Joke Silva]] === K === [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] [[Kate Henshaw]] [[Kenneth Okonkwo]] [[Kunle Afolayan]] === M === [[Mercy Johnson|Rahama Johnson]] [[Mike Ezuruonye]] === N === [[Nkem Owoh]] [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] [[Nonso Diobi]] [[Nosa Rex]] === O === [[Odunlade Adekola]] [[Omotola Jalade Ekeinde]] [[Osita Iheme]] [[Olu Jacobs|Olu Yakubu]] === P === [[Patience Ozokwor]] [[Pete Edochie]] === R === [[Ramsey Nouah]] [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] [[Rita Dominic]] === S === [[Segun Arinze]] [[Stephanie Okereke Linus]] === Y === [[Yul Edochie]] === Z === [[Zack Orji]] [[Zubby Michael]] == Dubi kuma == [[Nollywood]] [[Najeriya]] [[Jerin Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya]] [[Sinima a Afrika|Fim na Afirka]] == Manazarta == j6recngc41nx5yodnbfciu4l31q3jz8 0 151992 839038 2026-05-22T14:05:54Z Usmanmaifada 20279 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354465201|Rico Lewis]]" 839038 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rico Mark Lewis''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2004) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila, wanda yake taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|cikakken dan baya]] na tawagar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Manchester City dake Premier League da tawagar Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Jamie |date=21 September 2024 |title=Rico Lewis is Guardiola's pocket-sized hero for Manchester City {{!}} Manchester City {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/sep/21/rico-lewis-is-guardiolas-pocket-sized-hero-for-manchester-city |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Rico Mark Lewis<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2023 |title=Updated Premier League squad lists for 2022/23 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/3044867 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206213636/https://www.premierleague.com/news/3044867 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2004<ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web |title=R. Lewis: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rico-lewis/655390/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184054/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rico-lewis/655390/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> a Bury, Greater Manchester.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2022 |title=Rico Lewis: Academy to First Team |url=https://www.mancity.com/citytv/mens/rico-lewis-academy-first-team-63804808 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603201147/https://www.mancity.com/citytv/mens/rico-lewis-academy-first-team-63804808 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lokacin da yake matashi, Lewis yayi zuwa wasiyya gare shi daga ɗan dambe [[Muhammad Ali]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mumford |first=Jack |date=15 October 2022 |title=RICO LEWIS' INSPIRATIONS: HIS DAD, MUHAMMAD ALI AND KYLE WALKER |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-inspirations-muhammad-ali-kyle-walker-63801281 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106175027/https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-inspirations-muhammad-ali-kyle-walker-63801281 |archive-date=6 January 2023 |access-date=6 January 2023 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga asalin garin Jamaica.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeboah |first=Samuel Owusu |date=24 May 2023 |title=Which country is Rico Lewis from? Does Rico Lewis play for England? - ABTC |url=https://abtc.ng/which-country-is-rico-lewis-from-does-rico-lewis-play-for-england/ |website=ABTC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === Lewis ya shiga makarantar [[Manchester City]] yana da shekaru takwas kuma ya shiga kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 a lokacin da yake da shekaru 15. Ya jagoranci tawagar a kakar 2021 zuwa 2022, tare da tawagar da ta lasse gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rico Lewis player profile |url=https://www.mancity.com/players/rico-lewis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813162735/https://www.mancity.com/players/rico-lewis |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> === Shekarar 2022-23 === An ambaci Lewis a benci na City a karo na farko don wasan farko na Manchester City na kakar 2022-23, kuma ya fara buga [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] mako guda bayan haka, a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2022, a kan AFC Bournemouth, yana zuwa a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kyle Walker na minti 82.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=John |title=Slick City cruise to victory over Bournemouth |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/man-city-bournemouth-premier-league-match-report-63795987 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103001004/https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/man-city-bournemouth-premier-league-match-report-63795987 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Lewis ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a Manchester City da sukai nasara da ci 5-0 a kan Copenhagen, ya shiga a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[João Cancelo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2022 |title=Relentless Haaland at the double as Man City crush Copenhagen |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=652628 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008064535/https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=652628 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2023 |publisher=ESPN |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Bayan jerin wasannin maye gurbin, an ba wa Lewis damar farko a gasar zakarun Turai a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2022, inda ya zira kwallaye a nasarar dawowa 3-1 a kan [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Man City 3–1 Sevilla: Rico Lewis makes Champions League history as City end Group G with victory |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/manchester-city-vs-sevilla/477442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102213353/https://www.skysports.com/football/manchester-city-vs-sevilla/477442 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ta yin haka, ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta mai zira kwallaye a farkon farawa a wasan Champions League, kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru a City da ya zira kwallaye a Champions League, mai shekaru 17 da kwanaki 346.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Manchester City 3–1 Sevilla |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63480704 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225024916/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63480704 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lewis ya sami Cin zarafin wariyar launin fata a lokacin wasan daga magoya bayan Sevilla. A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, an ba shi dan farawa na farko a Premier League, a cikin nasarar 3-1 a kan [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], yana wasa har zuwa minti na 68, yayin da ya karbi dan wasa [[João Cancelo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leeds United 1–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.sofascore.com/leeds-united-manchester-city/rsJ#10385403 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815221338/https://www.sofascore.com/leeds-united-manchester-city/rsJ#10385403 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023 |publisher=SofaScore}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2023, Manchester City ta lasse gasar Premier League ta 2022-23, tare da Lewis, ya buga wasanni 14, ya fara 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=Manchester City win Premier League title after Arsenal lose at Nottingham Forest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4523386/2023/05/20/manchester-city-win-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815221337/https://theathletic.com/4523386/2023/05/20/manchester-city-win-premier-league/ |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Har ila yau, tawagarsa ta lase Kofin FA, tare da shi yana buga dukkan wasannin sai dai na karshe, ya kammala sau biyu na cikin gida. A ranar 10 ga watan Yuni, tawagarsa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a karo na farko, tare da Lewis ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan karshe, ya kammala sau uku na nahiyar. === 2023-ya zuwa yanzu === [[Fayil:Yokohama_F._Marinos_-_Manchester_City_(3-5)_-_53075581668_(Rico_Lewis).jpg|thumb|Lewis yana wasa a Manchester City a 2023]] A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2023, Lewis ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jonathan |date=15 August 2023 |title=Rico Lewis signs new five-year deal |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-contract-extension-announcement-manchester-city-63827685 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kungiyar a ranar 16 ga watan [[Disamba]] a wasan 2-2 a gida zuwa Crystal Palace. A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, Lewis ya fara ne a tsakiyar filin wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 2023, inda ya buga minti 60 yayin da City ta doke Fluminense 4-0 a [[Jeddah|Jedda]] don zama Zakarun duniya a karon farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2023 |title=Manchester City vs Fluminense 4-0: Club World Cup final – as it happened |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/liveblog/2023/12/22/manchester-city-vs-fluminese-club-world-cup-final-live-match-coverage-football-commentary-updates-jeddah-saudi-arabia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911021957/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/liveblog/2023/12/22/manchester-city-vs-fluminese-club-world-cup-final-live-match-coverage-football-commentary-updates-jeddah-saudi-arabia |archive-date=11 September 2024 |access-date=11 September 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2025, Lewis ya zira kwallaye na farko na [[FA Cup]] a minti na 2 na nasarar da City ta samu a wasan kusa da na karshe 2-0 a kan [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest,]] inda ya taimaka wa tawagar sa ta kai wasan karshe na uku a jere a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Bobbie |date=27 April 2025 |title=Nottingham Forest 0-2 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cg72ezz8307t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427143039/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cg72ezz8307t |archive-date=27 April 2025 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, a lokacin wasan buɗewa na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2025, an nuna masa jan kati a cikin nasara 2-0 a kan [[Wydad AC]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olley |first=James |date=18 June 2025 |title=Guardiola laments 'unnecessary' Lewis red in Manchester City win |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45539545/guardiola-lewis-red-card-manchester-city-win |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Wannan korar ta haifar da dakatarwa mai tsawo, wanda ya fitar da shi ga sauran gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mallows |first=Tom |date=23 June 2025 |title=Man City's Lewis given further two-match ban |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c625662v312o |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kungiyar]] har zuwa 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |date=12 September 2025 |title=Lewis pens new five-year City deal! |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-new-contract-announcement-63893280 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar 27 ga watan Satumba, Lewis ya buga wasan sa na 100 ga Manchester City, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 83 a nasarar da ya samu a gida 5-1 a kan Burnley a gasar [[Premier League|Premier League.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2025 |title=Lewis hits 100 City appearances |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-hits-100-city-appearances-63894584 |access-date=27 September 2025 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A watan Satumbar 2021, Lewis ya zira kwallaye ga tawagar [[Ingila]] ta kasa da shekaru 18 a wasan da aka yi da [[Wales]]. A ranar 21 ga watan [[Satumba|Satumbar]] 2022, Lewis ya fara buga wasan farko na kasa da shekara 19 a gasar cin kofin [[Turai]] ta kasa da shekaru-19 ta [[UEFA]] ta 2-0 a shekarar 2023 a kan Montenegro a [[Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Frank |date=21 September 2022 |title=Report: England MU19s 2–0 Montenegro |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Sep/21/england-mu19s-montenegro-uefa-u19-euro-qualifying-report-20222109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003153036/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Sep/21/england-mu19s-montenegro-uefa-u19-euro-qualifying-report-20222109 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=21 September 2022 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Lewis ya fara bugawa 'yan kasa da shekara 21 a ranar 28 ga watan [[Maris]] na shekara ta 2023 a cikin nasarar 2-1 ga [[Croatia]] a Craven Cottage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report: England MU21s 1-2 Croatia |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Mar/28/england-mu21s-croatia--match-report-20232803 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329232350/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Mar/28/england-mu21s-croatia--match-report-20232803 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-30 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga [[Nuwamba]] 2023, Lewis ya karbi kiransa na farko zuwa babbar Ƙungiyar Ingila ta [[kasa]] a gaban wasannin cancantar UEFA Euro 2024 da Malta da Arewacin Makidoniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Andy |date=13 November 2023 |title=England men's squad updates: Lewis, Palmer and Konsa called up |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Nov/13/england-mens-squad-updates-november-internationals-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113092332/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Nov/13/england-mens-squad-updates-november-internationals-2023 |archive-date=13 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-13 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya buga dukkan 1-1 draw a Arewacin Makidoniya, sakamakon da ya tabbatar da Ingila a gasar Yuro 2024. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played 14 February 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin FA ! colspan="2" |Kofin EFL ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Turai]] ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Manchester City U21 |2021–22 | colspan="3" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy]]}} |0 |1 |0 |- |2022–23<ref name="sb2223" /> | colspan="3" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1[a] |0 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !2 !0 !2 !0 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Birnin Manchester]] |2022–23 |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |14 |0 |5 |0 |2 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |1 |0 |0 |23 |1 |- |2023–24 |Gasar Firimiya |16 |2 |2 |0 |1 |0 |7[b] |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}} |0 |27 |2 |- |2024–25 |Gasar Firimiya |28 |1 |3 |1 |2 |0 |9[b] |0 |2{{Efn|One appearance in [[FA Community Shield]], one appearance in FIFA Club World Cup}} |0 |44 |2 |- |2025–26 |Gasar Firimiya |10 |0 |2 |2 |5 |0 |4[b] |0 | colspan="2" | - |21 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !68 !3 !12 !3 !10 !0 !22 !1 !3 !0 !115 !7 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !68 !3 !12 !3 !10 !0 !22 !1 !5 !0 !117 !7 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 14 November 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe676363/rico-lewis/international-matches/ |title=Rico Lewis: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |date=<!-- citation bot adds wrong date --> |access-date=13 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120221059/https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/rico-lewis/4/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="2" |Ingila |2023 |1 |0 |- |2024 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !5 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Birnin Manchester''' * [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]]: 2022-23, 2023-24<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rico Lewis: Overview |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/99281/Rico-Lewis/overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603201345/https://www.premierleague.com/players/99281/Rico-Lewis/overview |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=25 May 2024 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> * Kofin FA: 2022-23,2025-26 ; wanda ya zo na biyu: 2023-24 * Kofin EFL: 2025-262025–26 * FA Community Shield: 2024 * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2022-23 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2023 * Kofin Duniya na FIFA: 2023 == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} * [https://www.mancity.com/players/rico-lewis Bayani] martaba a shafin yanar gizon Manchester City FC * {{UEFA player}} {{Manchester City F.C. squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Kwallon kafa]] [[Rukuni:Manchester]] [[Rukuni:Manchester city]] [[Rukuni:Ingila]] [[Rukuni:Jamaica]] kegg6hljv3tfjznni29u66f2utrfyog 839039 839038 2026-05-22T14:06:49Z Usmanmaifada 20279 839039 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Rico Mark Lewis''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2004) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na [[Ingila]], wanda yake taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|cikakken dan baya]] na tawagar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Manchester City dake Premier League da tawagar Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Jamie |date=21 September 2024 |title=Rico Lewis is Guardiola's pocket-sized hero for Manchester City {{!}} Manchester City {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/sep/21/rico-lewis-is-guardiolas-pocket-sized-hero-for-manchester-city |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Rico Mark Lewis<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2023 |title=Updated Premier League squad lists for 2022/23 |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/3044867 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206213636/https://www.premierleague.com/news/3044867 |archive-date=6 February 2023 |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 2004<ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web |title=R. Lewis: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rico-lewis/655390/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603184054/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rico-lewis/655390/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> a Bury, Greater Manchester.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2022 |title=Rico Lewis: Academy to First Team |url=https://www.mancity.com/citytv/mens/rico-lewis-academy-first-team-63804808 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603201147/https://www.mancity.com/citytv/mens/rico-lewis-academy-first-team-63804808 |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Lokacin da yake matashi, Lewis yayi zuwa wasiyya gare shi daga ɗan dambe [[Muhammad Ali]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mumford |first=Jack |date=15 October 2022 |title=RICO LEWIS' INSPIRATIONS: HIS DAD, MUHAMMAD ALI AND KYLE WALKER |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-inspirations-muhammad-ali-kyle-walker-63801281 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106175027/https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-inspirations-muhammad-ali-kyle-walker-63801281 |archive-date=6 January 2023 |access-date=6 January 2023 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga asalin garin Jamaica.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeboah |first=Samuel Owusu |date=24 May 2023 |title=Which country is Rico Lewis from? Does Rico Lewis play for England? - ABTC |url=https://abtc.ng/which-country-is-rico-lewis-from-does-rico-lewis-play-for-england/ |website=ABTC}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === Lewis ya shiga makarantar [[Manchester City]] yana da shekaru takwas kuma ya shiga kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 a lokacin da yake da shekaru 15. Ya jagoranci tawagar a kakar 2021 zuwa 2022, tare da tawagar da ta lasse gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rico Lewis player profile |url=https://www.mancity.com/players/rico-lewis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813162735/https://www.mancity.com/players/rico-lewis |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> === Shekarar 2022-23 === An ambaci Lewis a benci na City a karo na farko don wasan farko na Manchester City na kakar 2022-23, kuma ya fara buga [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] mako guda bayan haka, a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 2022, a kan AFC Bournemouth, yana zuwa a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kyle Walker na minti 82.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=John |title=Slick City cruise to victory over Bournemouth |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/man-city-bournemouth-premier-league-match-report-63795987 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103001004/https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/man-city-bournemouth-premier-league-match-report-63795987 |archive-date=3 November 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Lewis ya fara buga [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a Manchester City da sukai nasara da ci 5-0 a kan Copenhagen, ya shiga a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[João Cancelo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2022 |title=Relentless Haaland at the double as Man City crush Copenhagen |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=652628 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008064535/https://www.espn.com/soccer/match?gameId=652628 |archive-date=8 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2023 |publisher=ESPN |agency=Reuters}}</ref> Bayan jerin wasannin maye gurbin, an ba wa Lewis damar farko a gasar zakarun Turai a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 2022, inda ya zira kwallaye a nasarar dawowa 3-1 a kan [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Man City 3–1 Sevilla: Rico Lewis makes Champions League history as City end Group G with victory |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/manchester-city-vs-sevilla/477442 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102213353/https://www.skysports.com/football/manchester-city-vs-sevilla/477442 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Ta yin haka, ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta mai zira kwallaye a farkon farawa a wasan Champions League, kuma mafi ƙarancin shekaru a City da ya zira kwallaye a Champions League, mai shekaru 17 da kwanaki 346.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2022 |title=Manchester City 3–1 Sevilla |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63480704 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225024916/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63480704 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |access-date=2 November 2022 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lewis ya sami Cin zarafin wariyar launin fata a lokacin wasan daga magoya bayan Sevilla. A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba, an ba shi dan farawa na farko a Premier League, a cikin nasarar 3-1 a kan [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], yana wasa har zuwa minti na 68, yayin da ya karbi dan wasa [[João Cancelo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leeds United 1–3 Manchester City |url=https://www.sofascore.com/leeds-united-manchester-city/rsJ#10385403 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815221338/https://www.sofascore.com/leeds-united-manchester-city/rsJ#10385403 |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023 |publisher=SofaScore}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2023, Manchester City ta lasse gasar Premier League ta 2022-23, tare da Lewis, ya buga wasanni 14, ya fara 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=Manchester City win Premier League title after Arsenal lose at Nottingham Forest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4523386/2023/05/20/manchester-city-win-premier-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815221337/https://theathletic.com/4523386/2023/05/20/manchester-city-win-premier-league/ |archive-date=15 August 2023 |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Har ila yau, tawagarsa ta lase Kofin FA, tare da shi yana buga dukkan wasannin sai dai na karshe, ya kammala sau biyu na cikin gida. A ranar 10 ga watan Yuni, tawagarsa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a karo na farko, tare da Lewis ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan karshe, ya kammala sau uku na nahiyar. === 2023-ya zuwa yanzu === [[Fayil:Yokohama_F._Marinos_-_Manchester_City_(3-5)_-_53075581668_(Rico_Lewis).jpg|thumb|Lewis yana wasa a Manchester City a 2023]] A ranar 15 ga watan Agustan 2023, Lewis ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru biyar tare da City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jonathan |date=15 August 2023 |title=Rico Lewis signs new five-year deal |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-contract-extension-announcement-manchester-city-63827685 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kungiyar a ranar 16 ga watan [[Disamba]] a wasan 2-2 a gida zuwa Crystal Palace. A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba, Lewis ya fara ne a tsakiyar filin wasa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 2023, inda ya buga minti 60 yayin da City ta doke Fluminense 4-0 a [[Jeddah|Jedda]] don zama Zakarun duniya a karon farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2023 |title=Manchester City vs Fluminense 4-0: Club World Cup final – as it happened |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/liveblog/2023/12/22/manchester-city-vs-fluminese-club-world-cup-final-live-match-coverage-football-commentary-updates-jeddah-saudi-arabia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911021957/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/liveblog/2023/12/22/manchester-city-vs-fluminese-club-world-cup-final-live-match-coverage-football-commentary-updates-jeddah-saudi-arabia |archive-date=11 September 2024 |access-date=11 September 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2025, Lewis ya zira kwallaye na farko na [[FA Cup]] a minti na 2 na nasarar da City ta samu a wasan kusa da na karshe 2-0 a kan [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest,]] inda ya taimaka wa tawagar sa ta kai wasan karshe na uku a jere a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Bobbie |date=27 April 2025 |title=Nottingham Forest 0-2 Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cg72ezz8307t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427143039/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cg72ezz8307t |archive-date=27 April 2025 |access-date=27 April 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Yuni, a lokacin wasan buɗewa na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2025, an nuna masa jan kati a cikin nasara 2-0 a kan [[Wydad AC]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olley |first=James |date=18 June 2025 |title=Guardiola laments 'unnecessary' Lewis red in Manchester City win |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45539545/guardiola-lewis-red-card-manchester-city-win |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Wannan korar ta haifar da dakatarwa mai tsawo, wanda ya fitar da shi ga sauran gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mallows |first=Tom |date=23 June 2025 |title=Man City's Lewis given further two-match ban |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c625662v312o |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kungiyar]] har zuwa 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leigh |first=Neil |date=12 September 2025 |title=Lewis pens new five-year City deal! |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-new-contract-announcement-63893280 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar 27 ga watan Satumba, Lewis ya buga wasan sa na 100 ga Manchester City, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 83 a nasarar da ya samu a gida 5-1 a kan Burnley a gasar [[Premier League|Premier League.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2025 |title=Lewis hits 100 City appearances |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mens/rico-lewis-hits-100-city-appearances-63894584 |access-date=27 September 2025 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == A watan Satumbar 2021, Lewis ya zira kwallaye ga tawagar [[Ingila]] ta kasa da shekaru 18 a wasan da aka yi da [[Wales]]. A ranar 21 ga watan [[Satumba|Satumbar]] 2022, Lewis ya fara buga wasan farko na kasa da shekara 19 a gasar cin kofin [[Turai]] ta kasa da shekaru-19 ta [[UEFA]] ta 2-0 a shekarar 2023 a kan Montenegro a [[Denmark]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Frank |date=21 September 2022 |title=Report: England MU19s 2–0 Montenegro |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Sep/21/england-mu19s-montenegro-uefa-u19-euro-qualifying-report-20222109 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003153036/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Sep/21/england-mu19s-montenegro-uefa-u19-euro-qualifying-report-20222109 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |access-date=21 September 2022 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Lewis ya fara bugawa 'yan kasa da shekara 21 a ranar 28 ga watan [[Maris]] na shekara ta 2023 a cikin nasarar 2-1 ga [[Croatia]] a Craven Cottage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report: England MU21s 1-2 Croatia |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Mar/28/england-mu21s-croatia--match-report-20232803 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329232350/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Mar/28/england-mu21s-croatia--match-report-20232803 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-30 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga [[Nuwamba]] 2023, Lewis ya karbi kiransa na farko zuwa babbar Ƙungiyar Ingila ta [[kasa]] a gaban wasannin cancantar UEFA Euro 2024 da Malta da Arewacin Makidoniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Andy |date=13 November 2023 |title=England men's squad updates: Lewis, Palmer and Konsa called up |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Nov/13/england-mens-squad-updates-november-internationals-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113092332/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2023/Nov/13/england-mens-squad-updates-november-internationals-2023 |archive-date=13 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-13 |publisher=The Football Association}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya buga dukkan 1-1 draw a Arewacin Makidoniya, sakamakon da ya tabbatar da Ingila a gasar Yuro 2024. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played 14 February 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin FA ! colspan="2" |Kofin EFL ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Turai]] ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Manchester City U21 |2021–22 | colspan="3" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[EFL Trophy]]}} |0 |1 |0 |- |2022–23<ref name="sb2223" /> | colspan="3" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1[a] |0 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !2 !0 !2 !0 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Birnin Manchester]] |2022–23 |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |14 |0 |5 |0 |2 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |1 |0 |0 |23 |1 |- |2023–24 |Gasar Firimiya |16 |2 |2 |0 |1 |0 |7[b] |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}} |0 |27 |2 |- |2024–25 |Gasar Firimiya |28 |1 |3 |1 |2 |0 |9[b] |0 |2{{Efn|One appearance in [[FA Community Shield]], one appearance in FIFA Club World Cup}} |0 |44 |2 |- |2025–26 |Gasar Firimiya |10 |0 |2 |2 |5 |0 |4[b] |0 | colspan="2" | - |21 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !68 !3 !12 !3 !10 !0 !22 !1 !3 !0 !115 !7 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !68 !3 !12 !3 !10 !0 !22 !1 !5 !0 !117 !7 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 14 November 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe676363/rico-lewis/international-matches/ |title=Rico Lewis: Internationals |website=worldfootball.net |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |date=<!-- citation bot adds wrong date --> |access-date=13 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120221059/https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/rico-lewis/4/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="2" |Ingila |2023 |1 |0 |- |2024 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !5 !0 |} == Daraja == '''Birnin Manchester''' * [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]]: 2022-23, 2023-24<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rico Lewis: Overview |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/99281/Rico-Lewis/overview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603201345/https://www.premierleague.com/players/99281/Rico-Lewis/overview |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=25 May 2024 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> * Kofin FA: 2022-23,2025-26 ; wanda ya zo na biyu: 2023-24 * Kofin EFL: 2025-262025–26 * FA Community Shield: 2024 * [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA]]: 2022-23 * Kofin Super Cup na UEFA: 2023 * Kofin Duniya na FIFA: 2023 == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} * [https://www.mancity.com/players/rico-lewis Bayani] martaba a shafin yanar gizon Manchester City FC * {{UEFA player}} {{Manchester City F.C. squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Kwallon kafa]] [[Rukuni:Manchester]] [[Rukuni:Manchester city]] [[Rukuni:Ingila]] [[Rukuni:Jamaica]] kk8i291ytvmuvqigj58ey34yxuru2n3 0 151993 839049 2026-05-22T14:50:18Z Usmanmaifada 20279 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346296748|Osman III]]" 839049 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fayil:OsmanIII.jpg|alt=Sultan|thumb|Sultan Osman III na Konstantin Kapıdağlı]] Osman III (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان ثالث Osmān-i sālis; An haifa shi a 2 ga Janairu 1699 - 30 ga [[Oktoba]] 1757) ya kasance sultan na Daular Ottoman daga 1754 zuwa 1757.<ref name="Constable">{{Cite book|last3=Edward Upham}}</ref> Dan uwansa Mustafa III ne ya gaje shi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Osman III a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1699 a Fadar Edirne.Mahaifinsa shine Mustafa II mahaifiyarsa kuma Sehsuvar Sultan. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Mahmud I. Lokacin da aka kori mahaifinsa daga kursiyin a 1703, an dawo da shi [[Istanbul]] kuma an ɗaure shi a cikin Kafes. Osman III ya zauna a cikin Kafes na tsawon shekaru 51.{{Sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015}} An yi masa kaciya a asirce a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1705 tare da sauran sarakuna a nan. Ya kasance daga cikin sarakuna a cikin ƙungiyar Ahmed. Daga baya ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa ga sultan a ciki da wajen birnin. Tare da ofishin jakadancin ɗan'uwansa Mahmud a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1730, ya zama babban yarima da ke jiran kursiyin. qwhq4mezdy7y19gtdlvedubpqdo7j9c 839101 839049 2026-05-22T19:39:50Z Em-mustapha 6594 Em-mustapha moved page [[Osman na Uku]] to [[Osman III]]: Misspelled title 839049 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fayil:OsmanIII.jpg|alt=Sultan|thumb|Sultan Osman III na Konstantin Kapıdağlı]] Osman III (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان ثالث Osmān-i sālis; An haifa shi a 2 ga Janairu 1699 - 30 ga [[Oktoba]] 1757) ya kasance sultan na Daular Ottoman daga 1754 zuwa 1757.<ref name="Constable">{{Cite book|last3=Edward Upham}}</ref> Dan uwansa Mustafa III ne ya gaje shi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Osman III a ranar 2 ga Janairun 1699 a Fadar Edirne.Mahaifinsa shine Mustafa II mahaifiyarsa kuma Sehsuvar Sultan. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Mahmud I. Lokacin da aka kori mahaifinsa daga kursiyin a 1703, an dawo da shi [[Istanbul]] kuma an ɗaure shi a cikin Kafes. Osman III ya zauna a cikin Kafes na tsawon shekaru 51.{{Sfn|Sakaoğlu|2015}} An yi masa kaciya a asirce a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 1705 tare da sauran sarakuna a nan. Ya kasance daga cikin sarakuna a cikin ƙungiyar Ahmed. Daga baya ya yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa ga sultan a ciki da wajen birnin. Tare da ofishin jakadancin ɗan'uwansa Mahmud a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1730, ya zama babban yarima da ke jiran kursiyin. qwhq4mezdy7y19gtdlvedubpqdo7j9c 3 151995 839068 2026-05-22T17:01:52Z Mfield 41477 Mfield moved page [[Tattaunawar user:SajidA829]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Pawelo r]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/SajidA829|SajidA829]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pawelo r|Pawelo r]]" 839068 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Pawelo r]] bh1yg7oc7rgfw7cnnd6wb7djf0ryvel 0 151996 839082 2026-05-22T19:20:00Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278667274|Clement Obojememe]]" 839082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clement Obojeme''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1945) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 54uovpqr6zvgb6rxtq9dnqwe3ff9qjf 839083 839082 2026-05-22T19:20:47Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278667274|Clement Obojememe]]" 839083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clement Obojeme''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1945) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Clement Obojememe Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] cdb5rax1a2pt5xli9dk7781vyb6h5zy 839084 839083 2026-05-22T19:21:12Z Sardeeq 39275 839084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clement Obojeme''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Agusta 1945) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Clement Obojememe Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] oq7iglx50h3el696ubz16mvlosmgdzm 0 151997 839085 2026-05-22T19:22:29Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330515771|Chukwudi Nworgu]]" 839085 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Chukwudi Nworgu''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1981) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . == Sana'a == === Kulob === === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === A watan Nuwamba na 2002, Nworgu ya fara bugawa Najeriya wasa a wasan sada zumunci da Masar inda suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1. [1] == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |[[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] |- ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | 2002 | 1 | 0 |- | 2003 | 2 | 0 |- ! Jimilla ! 3 ! 0 |} ''Ƙididdigar ta yi daidai kamar yadda aka buga a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2003'' <ref name="NFT Stats">{{NFT player|accessdate=9 June 2019}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Chukwudi Nworgu at UAF (in Ukrainian) * {{NFT player}} * Chukwudi Nworgu at FootballFacts.ru (in Russian) * {{Soccerway}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] drwpy7dtqfsmq45wug4icgoo1pjb3o7 839086 839085 2026-05-22T19:22:48Z Sardeeq 39275 839086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chukwudi Nworgu''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1981) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . == Sana'a == === Kulob === === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === A watan Nuwamba na 2002, Nworgu ya fara bugawa Najeriya wasa a wasan sada zumunci da Masar inda suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1. [1] == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |[[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] |- ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | 2002 | 1 | 0 |- | 2003 | 2 | 0 |- ! Jimilla ! 3 ! 0 |} ''Ƙididdigar ta yi daidai kamar yadda aka buga a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2003'' <ref name="NFT Stats">{{NFT player|accessdate=9 June 2019}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Chukwudi Nworgu at UAF (in Ukrainian) * {{NFT player}} * Chukwudi Nworgu at FootballFacts.ru (in Russian) * {{Soccerway}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] 4b75vmss2ucep396fbed2t2tc53ec7l 0 151998 839089 2026-05-22T19:24:59Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342438703|Obinna Nwaneri]]" 839089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obinna Nwaneri''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 1982) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma ɗan wasan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OBINNA IMPORT TERBARU KELANTAN |url=http://kelantanfa.com/obinna-import-terbaru-kelantan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202054613/http://kelantanfa.com/obinna-import-terbaru-kelantan/ |archive-date=2 February 2012 |access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref> Sunansa, Obinna, yana nufin " ''zuciyar Uba'' " a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|harshen Igbo]] . An siffanta shi a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya mai motsi tare da saurin gudu, iko da lokaci. Shugaba na halitta, wanda ya ba shi kyaftin a matsayin kyaftin a Enyimba da FC Sion bi da bi. Nwaneri ya fara aikinsa ne da ƙungiyar Julius Berger ta Najeriya sannan ya koma ƙungiyar zakarun Afirka ta Enyimba, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Afirka ta CAF sannan ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar FC Sion ta Switzerland a lokacin musayar 'yan wasa a watan Janairun 2007, ƙungiyar da daga baya ya zama kyaftin kafin ya bar ƙungiyar a lokacin bazara mai zuwa. == Sana'a == * 2000: Ya shiga ƙungiyar Julius Berger mai hazaka wadda ta samu nasara a kakar wasa mai ban mamaki, tun daga lokacin da ta tsere daga faɗuwa a kakar wasa ta baya, zuwa ga lashe gasar Pepsi League ta Najeriya. * 2001: Ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau tare da 'Bridge Boys', wanda hakan ya tabbatar da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan baya a gasar. Abin takaici, Berger ya kasa riƙe kofin gasar kuma an fitar da shi daga gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka. * 2002: Ya lashe Kofin Najeriya tare da Julius Berger, bayan ya doke Yobe Stars da ci 3-0 a wasan karshe. * 2003: Ya koma Zakarun Gasar League Enyimba, inda ya kafa kawance mai kyau a baya tare da Romanus Orjinta . Ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau a tarihi a kakar wasa ta tarihi ga Enyimba, inda suka lashe gasar Najeriya a karo na uku a jere, kuma suka zama kulob na farko na Najeriya da ya lashe kofin kulob mafi tsada a nahiyar - Kofin Zakarun Afirka. * 2004: Ya jagoranci Enyimba yayin da suka kare kambunsu na gasar zakarun Afirka, ta hanyar doke Étoile du Sahel na Tunisia da nasara a bugun fenariti 5-3. Ya zira kwallaye biyar masu mahimmanci wanda ya tabbatar da nasarar. Duk da haka, a wannan karon, Enyimba ba za ta lashe gasar Najeriya ba. Ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da kungiyar [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] ta Afirka ta Kudu a watan Yuli, amma yarjejeniyar ta gaza saboda kungiyoyin ba su iya cimma matsaya kan kudin da za su biya ba. * 2004–05: An koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tunisiya Epérance, a farkon shekarar 2005, inda ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau. * 2005–06: An zaɓe shi don [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya]] don gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2006 . * 2006–07: Ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Swiss Super League FC Sion har zuwa watan Yunin 2010. Ƙungiyar da ya yi wa kyaftin har sai da ya bar ƙungiyar a lokacin bazara mai zuwa. * 2008: Obinna ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a tarihin kwallon kafa ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|tawagar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya]] a minti 45 a lokacin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010 - zagaye na biyu na CAF da [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|tawagar kwallon kafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]] . * 2010: Bayan da aka yi niyyar ba da aronsa a ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] Al Dhafra, Obinna ya koma ƙungiyar Kazma ta Kuwait. * 2011: Kazma Obinna ya kammala kwangilarsa da Kazma kuma tun daga lokacin an danganta shi da ƙungiyoyi da dama na Turai. * 2012: Bayan ya kasance ɗan wasa na tsawon watanni 3, Obinna ya koma ƙungiyar zakarun gasar Super League ta Malaysia ta 2010, Kelantan FA . Obinna daga baya ya lashe kofuna uku ta hanyar lashe gasar Super League ta Malaysia, FA Cup da kuma gasar Malaysian Cup tare da Kelantan FA a kakar wasansa ta farko. * 2014: A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, Kelantan FA ta sake shi * 2015: Bayan kasa da shekara guda da ya shafe yana wasa, sai ya sanya hannu da ATM * 2016: Ya sanya hannu da Perlis FA a gasar Premier ta Malaysia == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] bhp2zmz2bljz2i07yu9jpdlu888oi0n 839090 839089 2026-05-22T19:25:36Z Sardeeq 39275 839090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obinna Nwaneri''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 1982) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ko kuma ɗan wasan [[Mai buga baya|baya na dama]] amma kuma yana iya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OBINNA IMPORT TERBARU KELANTAN |url=http://kelantanfa.com/obinna-import-terbaru-kelantan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202054613/http://kelantanfa.com/obinna-import-terbaru-kelantan/ |archive-date=2 February 2012 |access-date=30 January 2012}}</ref> Sunansa, Obinna, yana nufin " ''zuciyar Uba'' " a cikin [[Harshen Ibo|harshen Igbo]] . An siffanta shi a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya mai motsi tare da saurin gudu, iko da lokaci. Shugaba na halitta, wanda ya ba shi kyaftin a matsayin kyaftin a Enyimba da FC Sion bi da bi. Nwaneri ya fara aikinsa ne da ƙungiyar Julius Berger ta Najeriya sannan ya koma ƙungiyar zakarun Afirka ta Enyimba, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun Afirka ta CAF sannan ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar FC Sion ta Switzerland a lokacin musayar 'yan wasa a watan Janairun 2007, ƙungiyar da daga baya ya zama kyaftin kafin ya bar ƙungiyar a lokacin bazara mai zuwa. == Sana'a == * 2000: Ya shiga ƙungiyar Julius Berger mai hazaka wadda ta samu nasara a kakar wasa mai ban mamaki, tun daga lokacin da ta tsere daga faɗuwa a kakar wasa ta baya, zuwa ga lashe gasar Pepsi League ta Najeriya. * 2001: Ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau tare da 'Bridge Boys', wanda hakan ya tabbatar da cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan baya a gasar. Abin takaici, Berger ya kasa riƙe kofin gasar kuma an fitar da shi daga gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka. * 2002: Ya lashe Kofin Najeriya tare da Julius Berger, bayan ya doke Yobe Stars da ci 3-0 a wasan karshe. * 2003: Ya koma Zakarun Gasar League Enyimba, inda ya kafa kawance mai kyau a baya tare da Romanus Orjinta . Ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau a tarihi a kakar wasa ta tarihi ga Enyimba, inda suka lashe gasar Najeriya a karo na uku a jere, kuma suka zama kulob na farko na Najeriya da ya lashe kofin kulob mafi tsada a nahiyar - Kofin Zakarun Afirka. * 2004: Ya jagoranci Enyimba yayin da suka kare kambunsu na gasar zakarun Afirka, ta hanyar doke Étoile du Sahel na Tunisia da nasara a bugun fenariti 5-3. Ya zira kwallaye biyar masu mahimmanci wanda ya tabbatar da nasarar. Duk da haka, a wannan karon, Enyimba ba za ta lashe gasar Najeriya ba. Ya amince da yarjejeniyar kashin kansa da kungiyar [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]] ta Afirka ta Kudu a watan Yuli, amma yarjejeniyar ta gaza saboda kungiyoyin ba su iya cimma matsaya kan kudin da za su biya ba. * 2004–05: An koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tunisiya Epérance, a farkon shekarar 2005, inda ya yi kakar wasa mai kyau. * 2005–06: An zaɓe shi don [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya]] don gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2006 . * 2006–07: Ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar Swiss Super League FC Sion har zuwa watan Yunin 2010. Ƙungiyar da ya yi wa kyaftin har sai da ya bar ƙungiyar a lokacin bazara mai zuwa. * 2008: Obinna ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a tarihin kwallon kafa ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|tawagar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya]] a minti 45 a lokacin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010 - zagaye na biyu na CAF da [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|tawagar kwallon kafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]] . * 2010: Bayan da aka yi niyyar ba da aronsa a ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] Al Dhafra, Obinna ya koma ƙungiyar Kazma ta Kuwait. * 2011: Kazma Obinna ya kammala kwangilarsa da Kazma kuma tun daga lokacin an danganta shi da ƙungiyoyi da dama na Turai. * 2012: Bayan ya kasance ɗan wasa na tsawon watanni 3, Obinna ya koma ƙungiyar zakarun gasar Super League ta Malaysia ta 2010, Kelantan FA . Obinna daga baya ya lashe kofuna uku ta hanyar lashe gasar Super League ta Malaysia, FA Cup da kuma gasar Malaysian Cup tare da Kelantan FA a kakar wasansa ta farko. * 2014: A ranar 23 ga Afrilu, Kelantan FA ta sake shi * 2015: Bayan kasa da shekara guda da ya shafe yana wasa, sai ya sanya hannu da ATM * 2016: Ya sanya hannu da Perlis FA a gasar Premier ta Malaysia == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5ws68nbgeo74se5zd1jbt1w2so209ss 0 151999 839091 2026-05-22T19:28:27Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256769380|Ngemba Evans Obi]]" 839091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evans Ngemba Obi''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1985 a [[Owerri]] ) [[Mai tsaran raga|ɗan wasan]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke bugawa [[TSV Grünwald]] a ƙungiyar Bezirksliga [[Jamus|ta Jamus]] [http://www.bayliga.de/tab/lmo.php?file=Bz_Ob_Sued.l98 Oberbayern-Süd] . == Sana'a == Obi ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 2005 tare da [http://www.academyafricasport.org/index.php?MenuId=0&SubMenuId=7&SubSubMenuId=-1&Language=de Academy Africa] da ke [[München]] kuma ya yi gwaji da SV Heimstetten a watan Yunin 2008, bayan wata guda aka mayar da shi SV Heimstetten . Shi ne mai tsaron gida na farko a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa daga SV Heimstetten wanda ke buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa [[Jamus|ta Jamus]] Kreisklasse 6 kuma mai tsaron gida na uku a ƙungiyar farko, wanda ke buga wasa a ƙungiyar Landesliga Bayern. Bayan wasanni 18 a [http://ergebnisse.bfv.de/ligaPublicErgebnisse.do?reqCode=edit&showErgebnisse=1&liga_id=15926&filterType=vereine&geschlecht_id=0&altersklasse_id=0&spielklasse_id=0&bezirk_id=0&kreis_id=0&spieltyp_id=0&vereinsname=sv%20heimstetten&reset=1 Kreisklasse 6] don SV Heimstetten II ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yulin 2009 kuma ya koma SC Fürstenfeldbruck II . A lokacin rani na 2011 ya sanya hannu kan kulob ɗin Bezirksliga na Jamus Oberbayern-Süd [[TSV Grünwald]] . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An fara zaɓensa a matsayin ɗan wasan Super Eagles a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2008. [1] == Bayani == Obi shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da ya taɓa fitowa daga tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta SV Heimstetten wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evans Obi: Heimstettens erster Nationalspieler |url=http://www.sv-heimstetten.de/cms/front_content.php?idcat=13&idart=347 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808040051/http://www.sv-heimstetten.de/cms/front_content.php?idcat=13 |archive-date=8 August 2008 |access-date=5 May 2009}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] ixskdp5ii30rbcz3fucud93vbkytg4z 839092 839091 2026-05-22T19:29:43Z Sardeeq 39275 839092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Evans Ngemba Obi''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Mayu 1985 a [[Owerri]] ) [[Mai tsaran raga|ɗan wasan]] [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ke bugawa [[TSV Grünwald]] a ƙungiyar Bezirksliga [[Jamus|ta Jamus]] [http://www.bayliga.de/tab/lmo.php?file=Bz_Ob_Sued.l98 Oberbayern-Süd] . == Sana'a == Obi ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 2005 tare da [http://www.academyafricasport.org/index.php?MenuId=0&SubMenuId=7&SubSubMenuId=-1&Language=de Academy Africa] da ke [[München]] kuma ya yi gwaji da SV Heimstetten a watan Yunin 2008, bayan wata guda aka mayar da shi SV Heimstetten . Shi ne mai tsaron gida na farko a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa daga SV Heimstetten wanda ke buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan wasa [[Jamus|ta Jamus]] Kreisklasse 6 kuma mai tsaron gida na uku a ƙungiyar farko, wanda ke buga wasa a ƙungiyar Landesliga Bayern. Bayan wasanni 18 a [http://ergebnisse.bfv.de/ligaPublicErgebnisse.do?reqCode=edit&showErgebnisse=1&liga_id=15926&filterType=vereine&geschlecht_id=0&altersklasse_id=0&spielklasse_id=0&bezirk_id=0&kreis_id=0&spieltyp_id=0&vereinsname=sv%20heimstetten&reset=1 Kreisklasse 6] don SV Heimstetten II ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yulin 2009 kuma ya koma SC Fürstenfeldbruck II . A lokacin rani na 2011 ya sanya hannu kan kulob ɗin Bezirksliga na Jamus Oberbayern-Süd [[TSV Grünwald]] . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An fara zaɓensa a matsayin ɗan wasan Super Eagles a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2008. [1] == Bayani == Obi shi ne ɗan wasa na farko da ya taɓa fitowa daga tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta SV Heimstetten wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evans Obi: Heimstettens erster Nationalspieler |url=http://www.sv-heimstetten.de/cms/front_content.php?idcat=13&idart=347 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808040051/http://www.sv-heimstetten.de/cms/front_content.php?idcat=13 |archive-date=8 August 2008 |access-date=5 May 2009}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 01mgowc8lyhz2e4yfoh0ke8qpiqu05c 0 152000 839093 2026-05-22T19:31:04Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355472486|Joel Obi]]" 839093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1991), wanda aka fi sani da '''Joel Obi''', tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == === Inter === [[Fayil:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|left|thumb|Joel Obi tare da Inter]] Bayan ya lashe gasar "Allievi Nazionali" ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a shekarar 2008 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Daniele Bernazzani, Obi ya koma ƙungiyar ''Primavera'', inda ya samu wasanni sama da 40 da kwallaye shida a cikin ƙasa da shekaru uku. A shekara ta 2009, [[José Mourinho]] ya lura da shi, kuma lokaci-lokaci ya jagoranci ƙungiyar farko ta Inter . A shekara ta 2010, ko da ba tare da ya buga wasa ba, an yi masa rajista cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar 'A', waɗanda suka lashe [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a wasan ƙarshe da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] . A lokacin bazara na 2010, Rafael Benítez ya nuna sha'awarsa ga ƙungiyar farko. Obi ya fara bugawa Inter wasa a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2010 a wasan rukuni na UEFA Champions League da Werder Bremen . [1] Ya buga mintuna goma na ƙarshe na wasan bayan ya maye gurbin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Dejan Stanković a minti na 80. Inter ta doke Werder Bremen a wasan da ci 4-0. [2] Obi ya fara buga wasa a gasar Serie A a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2010 da Cagliari lokacin da ya maye gurbin [[Philippe Coutinho]] a minti na 66. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0 da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga [[Samuel Eto'o]] . Obi ya fara wasan "Milan Derby" a [[Beijing]] don Supercoppa Italiana a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, amma sai da aka maye gurbinsa bayan mintuna 35 kacal saboda rauni, aka maye gurbinsa da Coutinho. A watan Janairun 2011, an sayar da Obi da [[Nwankwo Obiora]] a matsayin abokan hulɗa ga Parma kan €750 kacal da €300,000 bi da bi. <ref name="Parma2012bilancio" /> Duk da haka, Obi ya ci gaba da zama a Inter har tsawon sauran kakar wasa, inda ya tara wasanni 10 a gasar, biyu a Coppa Italia da daya a gasar zakarun Turai. A gasar, ya kasance dan wasa na farko a karkashin Gian Piero Gasperini da sabon koci, Claudio Ranieri . A ranar 27 ga Satumba ya fara wasa a gasar zakarun Turai, kuma a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, an tura shi a karon farko a rayuwarsa bayan katin rawaya na biyu a gida zuwa Napoli . A ranar 17 ga Janairun 2012, Parma ta sayar da kaso 50% na hannun jarin Obi ga Inter kan Yuro miliyan 3.2 (€1.7 miliyan tare da Crisetig ) kuma an ƙara albashinsa zuwa Yuro 600,000 a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2012 |title=Tutti gli ingaggi della A Solo Milano svolta Impennata della Juve Partita da un miliardo Stipendi: la dieta c' è, ma non si vede |url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/2012/settembre/11/Tutti_gli_ingaggi_della_Solo_ga_10_120911011.shtml |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=La Gazzetta dello Sport |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, Obi ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Serie A a kan Cesena, wanda ya daidaita wasan da ci 1-1, a ƙarshe ya yi nasara 2-1. Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2011-12 da wasanni 27 a gasar Serie A, biyu a Coppa Italia da bakwai a gasar zakarun Turai, da kuma ɗaya a wasan ƙarshe na Supercoppa Italiana . Duk da haka, kakar wasa ta ƙare saboda mummunan rauni wanda ya hana shi hutawa na dogon lokaci. Bayan ya tsaya cak saboda rauni, ya koma filin wasa a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, daidai ranar 4 ga Oktoba, a wasan da suka yi a waje da gida da ci 1-3 a kan Neftchi Baku a gasar Europa League, inda ya zura kwallon da ci 0-2, wadda ita ce kwallo ta 500 a gasar [[UEFA]] ga Inter. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni biyu a gasar, daya a gasar Coppa Italia da daya a gasar Europa League . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 6xo15vpcm403j51bnujp3zzfh3znwjp 839094 839093 2026-05-22T19:31:21Z Sardeeq 39275 839094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1991), wanda aka fi sani da '''Joel Obi''', tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == === Inter === [[Fayil:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|left|thumb|Joel Obi tare da Inter]] Bayan ya lashe gasar "Allievi Nazionali" ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a shekarar 2008 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Daniele Bernazzani, Obi ya koma ƙungiyar ''Primavera'', inda ya samu wasanni sama da 40 da kwallaye shida a cikin ƙasa da shekaru uku. A shekara ta 2009, [[José Mourinho]] ya lura da shi, kuma lokaci-lokaci ya jagoranci ƙungiyar farko ta Inter . A shekara ta 2010, ko da ba tare da ya buga wasa ba, an yi masa rajista cikin jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar 'A', waɗanda suka lashe [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai]] a wasan ƙarshe da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] . A lokacin bazara na 2010, Rafael Benítez ya nuna sha'awarsa ga ƙungiyar farko. Obi ya fara bugawa Inter wasa a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2010 a wasan rukuni na UEFA Champions League da Werder Bremen . [1] Ya buga mintuna goma na ƙarshe na wasan bayan ya maye gurbin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Dejan Stanković a minti na 80. Inter ta doke Werder Bremen a wasan da ci 4-0. [2] Obi ya fara buga wasa a gasar Serie A a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2010 da Cagliari lokacin da ya maye gurbin [[Philippe Coutinho]] a minti na 66. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0 da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga [[Samuel Eto'o]] . Obi ya fara wasan "Milan Derby" a [[Beijing]] don Supercoppa Italiana a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, amma sai da aka maye gurbinsa bayan mintuna 35 kacal saboda rauni, aka maye gurbinsa da Coutinho. A watan Janairun 2011, an sayar da Obi da [[Nwankwo Obiora]] a matsayin abokan hulɗa ga Parma kan €750 kacal da €300,000 bi da bi. <ref name="Parma2012bilancio" /> Duk da haka, Obi ya ci gaba da zama a Inter har tsawon sauran kakar wasa, inda ya tara wasanni 10 a gasar, biyu a Coppa Italia da daya a gasar zakarun Turai. A gasar, ya kasance dan wasa na farko a karkashin Gian Piero Gasperini da sabon koci, Claudio Ranieri . A ranar 27 ga Satumba ya fara wasa a gasar zakarun Turai, kuma a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, an tura shi a karon farko a rayuwarsa bayan katin rawaya na biyu a gida zuwa Napoli . A ranar 17 ga Janairun 2012, Parma ta sayar da kaso 50% na hannun jarin Obi ga Inter kan Yuro miliyan 3.2 (€1.7 miliyan tare da Crisetig ) kuma an ƙara albashinsa zuwa Yuro 600,000 a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2012 |title=Tutti gli ingaggi della A Solo Milano svolta Impennata della Juve Partita da un miliardo Stipendi: la dieta c' è, ma non si vede |url=http://archiviostorico.gazzetta.it/2012/settembre/11/Tutti_gli_ingaggi_della_Solo_ga_10_120911011.shtml |access-date=1 May 2016 |website=La Gazzetta dello Sport |language=it}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, Obi ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Serie A a kan Cesena, wanda ya daidaita wasan da ci 1-1, a ƙarshe ya yi nasara 2-1. Ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2011-12 da wasanni 27 a gasar Serie A, biyu a Coppa Italia da bakwai a gasar zakarun Turai, da kuma ɗaya a wasan ƙarshe na Supercoppa Italiana . Duk da haka, kakar wasa ta ƙare saboda mummunan rauni wanda ya hana shi hutawa na dogon lokaci. Bayan ya tsaya cak saboda rauni, ya koma filin wasa a kakar wasa ta 2012-13, daidai ranar 4 ga Oktoba, a wasan da suka yi a waje da gida da ci 1-3 a kan Neftchi Baku a gasar Europa League, inda ya zura kwallon da ci 0-2, wadda ita ce kwallo ta 500 a gasar [[UEFA]] ga Inter. Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni biyu a gasar, daya a gasar Coppa Italia da daya a gasar Europa League . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] ogqewxzckj0z7qq4a69zqmzt04aj1j2 0 152001 839095 2026-05-22T19:32:05Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330515887|Benji Nzeakor]]" 839095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benji Nzeakor''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1964) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne [[Najeriya|na Najeriya]] mai ritaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Benji' Nzeakor: El nigeriano que barrió |url=https://dechalaca.com/hemeroteca/legales-e-ilegales/-benji-nzeakor-el-nigeriano-que-barrio |publisher=dechalaca.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Benji', el nigeriano que la rompió en Muni, confundían con Cartagena y perdió todo en un aeropuerto |url=https://trome.com/deportes/historias-de-futbolistas-benji-nzeakor-el-nigeriano-que-la-rompio-en-deportivo-municipal-confundian-con-antonio-cartagena-y-perdio-todo-en-un-aeropuerto-noticia/ |publisher=trome.com}}</ref> Nzeakor ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kulob a Najeriya, yana yin lokaci tare da Sharks FC, Stationery Stores FC da National. [1] A shekarar 1988, ya koma Brazil inda ya buga wa Esporte Clube Vitória wasa a Campeonato Brasileiro . [2] [3] Ya zama ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na Afirka da ya buga wasa a Peru, inda ya koma Deportivo Municipal a shekarar 1992. Ya zauna a kakar wasa ɗaya kacal bayan ya ji rauni a gwiwa. [1] Nzeakor ya buga wasanni da dama a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] a shekarun 1980, ciki har da wasanni biyu na cancantar shiga [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney, Barrie |date=2003-05-03 |title=Nigeria - Details of World Cup Matches |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig-intres-detwcq.html |access-date=2009-09-11 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 1996, kuma ya zama wakilin 'yan wasa mai lasisin FIFA da ke zaune a Brazil. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Players' Agents List |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/administration/playersagents/letter=n.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618060744/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/administration/playersagents/letter%3Dn.html |archive-date=2009-06-18 |access-date=2009-09-11 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] lffcmk7v5uouxycxkp9drk1qivpr7ct 839096 839095 2026-05-22T19:32:24Z Sardeeq 39275 839096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benji Nzeakor''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1964) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne [[Najeriya|na Najeriya]] mai ritaya. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Benji' Nzeakor: El nigeriano que barrió |url=https://dechalaca.com/hemeroteca/legales-e-ilegales/-benji-nzeakor-el-nigeriano-que-barrio |publisher=dechalaca.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Benji', el nigeriano que la rompió en Muni, confundían con Cartagena y perdió todo en un aeropuerto |url=https://trome.com/deportes/historias-de-futbolistas-benji-nzeakor-el-nigeriano-que-la-rompio-en-deportivo-municipal-confundian-con-antonio-cartagena-y-perdio-todo-en-un-aeropuerto-noticia/ |publisher=trome.com}}</ref> Nzeakor ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kulob a Najeriya, yana yin lokaci tare da Sharks FC, Stationery Stores FC da National. [1] A shekarar 1988, ya koma Brazil inda ya buga wa Esporte Clube Vitória wasa a Campeonato Brasileiro . [2] [3] Ya zama ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na Afirka da ya buga wasa a Peru, inda ya koma Deportivo Municipal a shekarar 1992. Ya zauna a kakar wasa ɗaya kacal bayan ya ji rauni a gwiwa. [1] Nzeakor ya buga wasanni da dama a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] a shekarun 1980, ciki har da wasanni biyu na cancantar shiga [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney, Barrie |date=2003-05-03 |title=Nigeria - Details of World Cup Matches |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig-intres-detwcq.html |access-date=2009-09-11 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ya yi ritaya daga buga ƙwallon ƙafa a shekarar 1996, kuma ya zama wakilin 'yan wasa mai lasisin FIFA da ke zaune a Brazil. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Players' Agents List |url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/administration/playersagents/letter=n.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618060744/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/administration/playersagents/letter%3Dn.html |archive-date=2009-06-18 |access-date=2009-09-11 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] gc75iwrl51a6z8p43tvjjmho6ps4cm5 0 152002 839097 2026-05-22T19:33:59Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326572824|Victor Obinna]]" 839097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Nsofor Obinna''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Maris 1987) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Obinna a [[Harshen Ibo|harshen Igbo]], a zahiri yana nufin "zuciyar uba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2008 |title=Obinna |url=http://www.nigerian.name/w/index.php?title=Obinna |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Nigerian.name}}</ref> Ya buga wa Chievo wasa a gasar Serie B ta Italiya, bayan ya buga wasa akai-akai a gasar Serie A tare da kungiyar har zuwa lokacin da suka fadi a shekarar 2007. Ya fara buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2006, inda ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni uku yayin da aka fitar da kungiyarsa a wasan kusa da na karshe. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Obinna ya buga wa ƙungiyoyin Najeriya Plateau United da [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]] wasa, ya kuma yi gwaji da ƙungiyoyin Italiya Inter Milan, Perugia da Juventus kafin ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Brazil ta Internacional, amma matsalolin da suka shafi amincewa da ɗan wasan ya sa ba a kammala cinikin ba. Ya sake komawa Enyimba don shiga cikin gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta gida da kuma tsaron CAF Champions League . === Chievo === Kungiyar Chievo ta Italiya ta sanya hannu kan Obinna kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar a watan Yulin 2005. <ref name="whu">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2010 |title=Hammers capture Obinna |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829072258/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |archive-date=29 August 2010 |access-date=27 August 2010 |publisher=West Ham United FC}}</ref> Amma kuma ta ruwaito cewa Chievo ta kulla yarjejeniya da Inter Milan wadda Obinna ya fara yi wa rijista a matsayin dan wasan Chievo domin amfani da ka'idar rajistar Chievo ba ta Tarayyar Turai ba, kamar Júlio César a kakar wasa ta 2004-05 . Sannan za a sake kiransa zuwa Inter. A kakar wasa ta farko da ya yi da Chievo, Obinna ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 26, ciki har da kwallo daya a wasansa na farko a gasar Serie A da Parma a wasan da suka ci 1-0, ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2005. A farkon watanni na kakar wasa ta 2006, an dakatar da Obinna saboda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragi da Internacional da Chievo a shekarar 2005. An kori Chievo a karshen kakar wasa ta 2006-07, wanda hakan ya sanya shakku kan makomar Obinna; <ref name="chievoexit" /> kungiyar ta zabi ci gaba da rike Obinna a cikin tawagar domin taimakawa wajen samun ci gaba zuwa gasar Serie A. A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2007, Obinna ya yi hatsarin mota a kan hanyarsa ta komawa gida daga horo, inda ya kauce daga motar da ta yi ƙoƙarin bi ta kan shi a kan lanƙwasa. Ya tsere da [[Rauni|raunuka]] kaɗan kawai. Motar ta juye sau da yawa kuma ta lalace sosai. Ya rasa matsuwa aka kai shi asibiti. Hatsarin ya faru ne kawai 'yan yadi kaɗan daga inda tsohon ɗan wasan Chievo Jason Mayélé ya mutu a hatsarin mota a 2002. <ref name="chievoexit" /> === Inter Milan === [[Fayil:VictorObinna11092010.jpg|right|thumb|254x254px|Obinna tare da West Ham United]] A lokacin bazara na 2008, Obinna ya koma Inter Milan kan kudin canja wuri na Yuro miliyan 1.2 a kwantiragin shekaru uku. <ref>FC Internazionale Milano 2008–09 bilancio, Require purchase in [http://www.registroimprese.it CCIAA] {{In lang|it}}</ref> Kungiyar kwallon kafa [[Everton FC|ta Everton]] ta Ingila ta yi yunkurin daukarsa a matsayin aro nan take, amma ba ta sami izinin aiki ga dan wasan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McLeod |first=Scott |date=1 September 2008 |title=Obinna Deal Falls Through |url=http://evertonfc.com/news/archive/obinna-deal-falls-through.html |access-date=1 September 2008 |publisher=Everton FC}}</ref> Kwallon Obinna ta farko da ya ci wa Inter ta zo ne a ranar 19 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka doke Roma da ci 4-0. Kocin Inter Milan [[José Mourinho]] ya bayyana Obinna a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Inter a nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nursey |first=James |date=22 August 2010 |title=Hammers move to tie up Inter striker |url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Transfer-news-Inter-striker-Victor-Obinna-will-hold-talks-with-West-Ham-article561851.html |access-date=24 September 2010 |website=MirrorFootball |publisher=Trinity Mirror}}</ref> ==== Málaga ==== A ranar 26 ga Agusta 2009, ƙungiyar [[La Liga|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasar Sipaniya, Málaga, ta ɗauki Obinna a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2009 |title=Obinna pasó reconocimiento médico en el Complejo Sanitario Málaga C. F. – Clínicas Rincón |url=http://www.malagacf.com/noticias/obinna-paso-reconocimiento-medico-1491.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926071131/http://www.malagacf.com/noticias/obinna-paso-reconocimiento-medico-1491.html |archive-date=26 September 2009 |access-date=27 August 2009 |publisher=Málaga Club de Fútbol}}</ref> Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar Andalus a ranar 4 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Xerez, wasan da aka kuma kore shi daga fili. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2009 |title=Xerez 1–1 Malaga |url=http://www.espnstar.com/home/news/detail/item333417/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324205747/http://www.espnstar.com/home/news/detail/item333417/ |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 August 2010 |publisher=ESPNSTAR.com}}</ref> ==== West Ham United ==== A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Obinna ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zaɓin yarjejeniyar dindindin a 2011. <ref name="whu">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2010 |title=Hammers capture Obinna |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829072258/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |archive-date=29 August 2010 |access-date=27 August 2010 |publisher=West Ham United FC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100829072258/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 "Hammers capture Obinna"]. West Ham United FC. 27 August 2010. Archived from [http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 the original] on 29 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Ya fara bugawa West Ham wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba a wasan da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 3-1. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a West Ham a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 2-1 a zagaye na uku na gasar League Cup a Stadium of Light a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2010 |title=Sunderland 1–2 West Ham United FT |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100921/sunderland-1-2-west-ham-united-ft_2236884_2161228 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924071027/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100921/sunderland-1-2-west-ham-united-ft_2236884_2161228 |archive-date=24 September 2010 |access-date=22 September 2010 |publisher=West Ham United FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a wasan da suka doke Wigan Athletic da ci 3-1 a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2010 |title=West Ham United v Wigan Athletic |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/football/premier-league/2010-2011/west-ham-united-wigan-athletic-381271.html |access-date=12 January 2011 |website=Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! News Network}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da kyakkyawan tsari da taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen cin kwallaye hudu a wasan da suka doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 4-0 a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2010, inda ya yi rajistar wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar League Cup na farko tsawon shekaru 20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2010 |title=West Ham United v Manchester United &#124; Carling Cup 2010–2011 |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/football/carling-cup/2010-2011/west-ham-united-manchester-united-425142.html |access-date=12 January 2011 |website=Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! News Network}}</ref> An kori Obinna a lokacin wasan kusa da na karshe na West Ham a ranar 11 ga Janairun 2011 da Birmingham City saboda ketar da ya yi wa Sebastian Larsson a lokacin da West Ham ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Nottingham Forest 'yan mintuna kaɗan da suka wuce. [1] A ranar 30 ga Janairu, Obinna ya zura kwallaye uku a wasan zagaye na 4 na gasar cin kofin FA da suka fafata da Nottingham Forest, wanda ya jagoranci West Ham zuwa ga nasara 3-2. [2] Ya biyo bayan hakan kwana uku bayan haka da kwallaye biyu yayin da West Ham ta doke Blackpool 3-1 a Bloomfield Road . [3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ko0jfg0fwjrdtqynqp5meylziavboxo 839098 839097 2026-05-22T19:34:37Z Sardeeq 39275 839098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Victor Nsofor Obinna''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Maris 1987) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Obinna a [[Harshen Ibo|harshen Igbo]], a zahiri yana nufin "zuciyar uba". <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2008 |title=Obinna |url=http://www.nigerian.name/w/index.php?title=Obinna |access-date=23 August 2010 |publisher=Nigerian.name}}</ref> Ya buga wa Chievo wasa a gasar Serie B ta Italiya, bayan ya buga wasa akai-akai a gasar Serie A tare da kungiyar har zuwa lokacin da suka fadi a shekarar 2007. Ya fara buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] wasa a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2006, inda ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni uku yayin da aka fitar da kungiyarsa a wasan kusa da na karshe. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Obinna ya buga wa ƙungiyoyin Najeriya Plateau United da [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]] wasa, ya kuma yi gwaji da ƙungiyoyin Italiya Inter Milan, Perugia da Juventus kafin ya sanya hannu da ƙungiyar Brazil ta Internacional, amma matsalolin da suka shafi amincewa da ɗan wasan ya sa ba a kammala cinikin ba. Ya sake komawa Enyimba don shiga cikin gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta gida da kuma tsaron CAF Champions League . === Chievo === Kungiyar Chievo ta Italiya ta sanya hannu kan Obinna kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar a watan Yulin 2005. <ref name="whu">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2010 |title=Hammers capture Obinna |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829072258/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |archive-date=29 August 2010 |access-date=27 August 2010 |publisher=West Ham United FC}}</ref> Amma kuma ta ruwaito cewa Chievo ta kulla yarjejeniya da Inter Milan wadda Obinna ya fara yi wa rijista a matsayin dan wasan Chievo domin amfani da ka'idar rajistar Chievo ba ta Tarayyar Turai ba, kamar Júlio César a kakar wasa ta 2004-05 . Sannan za a sake kiransa zuwa Inter. A kakar wasa ta farko da ya yi da Chievo, Obinna ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 26, ciki har da kwallo daya a wasansa na farko a gasar Serie A da Parma a wasan da suka ci 1-0, ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2005. A farkon watanni na kakar wasa ta 2006, an dakatar da Obinna saboda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragi da Internacional da Chievo a shekarar 2005. An kori Chievo a karshen kakar wasa ta 2006-07, wanda hakan ya sanya shakku kan makomar Obinna; <ref name="chievoexit" /> kungiyar ta zabi ci gaba da rike Obinna a cikin tawagar domin taimakawa wajen samun ci gaba zuwa gasar Serie A. A ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 2007, Obinna ya yi hatsarin mota a kan hanyarsa ta komawa gida daga horo, inda ya kauce daga motar da ta yi ƙoƙarin bi ta kan shi a kan lanƙwasa. Ya tsere da [[Rauni|raunuka]] kaɗan kawai. Motar ta juye sau da yawa kuma ta lalace sosai. Ya rasa matsuwa aka kai shi asibiti. Hatsarin ya faru ne kawai 'yan yadi kaɗan daga inda tsohon ɗan wasan Chievo Jason Mayélé ya mutu a hatsarin mota a 2002. <ref name="chievoexit" /> === Inter Milan === [[Fayil:VictorObinna11092010.jpg|right|thumb|254x254px|Obinna tare da West Ham United]] A lokacin bazara na 2008, Obinna ya koma Inter Milan kan kudin canja wuri na Yuro miliyan 1.2 a kwantiragin shekaru uku. <ref>FC Internazionale Milano 2008–09 bilancio, Require purchase in [http://www.registroimprese.it CCIAA] {{In lang|it}}</ref> Kungiyar kwallon kafa [[Everton FC|ta Everton]] ta Ingila ta yi yunkurin daukarsa a matsayin aro nan take, amma ba ta sami izinin aiki ga dan wasan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McLeod |first=Scott |date=1 September 2008 |title=Obinna Deal Falls Through |url=http://evertonfc.com/news/archive/obinna-deal-falls-through.html |access-date=1 September 2008 |publisher=Everton FC}}</ref> Kwallon Obinna ta farko da ya ci wa Inter ta zo ne a ranar 19 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka doke Roma da ci 4-0. Kocin Inter Milan [[José Mourinho]] ya bayyana Obinna a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Inter a nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nursey |first=James |date=22 August 2010 |title=Hammers move to tie up Inter striker |url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Transfer-news-Inter-striker-Victor-Obinna-will-hold-talks-with-West-Ham-article561851.html |access-date=24 September 2010 |website=MirrorFootball |publisher=Trinity Mirror}}</ref> ==== Málaga ==== A ranar 26 ga Agusta 2009, ƙungiyar [[La Liga|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta ƙasar Sipaniya, Málaga, ta ɗauki Obinna a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2009 |title=Obinna pasó reconocimiento médico en el Complejo Sanitario Málaga C. F. – Clínicas Rincón |url=http://www.malagacf.com/noticias/obinna-paso-reconocimiento-medico-1491.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926071131/http://www.malagacf.com/noticias/obinna-paso-reconocimiento-medico-1491.html |archive-date=26 September 2009 |access-date=27 August 2009 |publisher=Málaga Club de Fútbol}}</ref> Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar Andalus a ranar 4 ga Oktoba a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Xerez, wasan da aka kuma kore shi daga fili. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2009 |title=Xerez 1–1 Malaga |url=http://www.espnstar.com/home/news/detail/item333417/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324205747/http://www.espnstar.com/home/news/detail/item333417/ |archive-date=24 March 2012 |access-date=25 August 2010 |publisher=ESPNSTAR.com}}</ref> ==== West Ham United ==== A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2010, Obinna ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zaɓin yarjejeniyar dindindin a 2011. <ref name="whu">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2010 |title=Hammers capture Obinna |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829072258/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 |archive-date=29 August 2010 |access-date=27 August 2010 |publisher=West Ham United FC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100829072258/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 "Hammers capture Obinna"]. West Ham United FC. 27 August 2010. Archived from [http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100827/hammers-capture-obinna_2236884_2133509 the original] on 29 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Ya fara bugawa West Ham wasa a ranar 11 ga Satumba a wasan da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 3-1. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a West Ham a wasan da suka doke [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da ci 2-1 a zagaye na uku na gasar League Cup a Stadium of Light a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2010 |title=Sunderland 1–2 West Ham United FT |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100921/sunderland-1-2-west-ham-united-ft_2236884_2161228 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924071027/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20100921/sunderland-1-2-west-ham-united-ft_2236884_2161228 |archive-date=24 September 2010 |access-date=22 September 2010 |publisher=West Ham United FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar a wasan da suka doke Wigan Athletic da ci 3-1 a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2010 |title=West Ham United v Wigan Athletic |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/football/premier-league/2010-2011/west-ham-united-wigan-athletic-381271.html |access-date=12 January 2011 |website=Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! News Network}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da kyakkyawan tsari da taimakawa wajen taimakawa wajen cin kwallaye hudu a wasan da suka doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 4-0 a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2010, inda ya yi rajistar wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar League Cup na farko tsawon shekaru 20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2010 |title=West Ham United v Manchester United &#124; Carling Cup 2010–2011 |url=http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/football/carling-cup/2010-2011/west-ham-united-manchester-united-425142.html |access-date=12 January 2011 |website=Yahoo Eurosport UK |publisher=Yahoo! News Network}}</ref> An kori Obinna a lokacin wasan kusa da na karshe na West Ham a ranar 11 ga Janairun 2011 da Birmingham City saboda ketar da ya yi wa Sebastian Larsson a lokacin da West Ham ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Nottingham Forest 'yan mintuna kaɗan da suka wuce. [1] A ranar 30 ga Janairu, Obinna ya zura kwallaye uku a wasan zagaye na 4 na gasar cin kofin FA da suka fafata da Nottingham Forest, wanda ya jagoranci West Ham zuwa ga nasara 3-2. [2] Ya biyo bayan hakan kwana uku bayan haka da kwallaye biyu yayin da West Ham ta doke Blackpool 3-1 a Bloomfield Road . [3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pecjhpxwok29jt25ox144wsdbyv0lhn 0 152003 839100 2026-05-22T19:39:44Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330944537|Michael Obiku]]" 839100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael (“Mike”) Edirin Obiku''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Satumba 1968) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a [[Warri]], Obiku ya fara aikinsa da Flash Flamingoes a ƙasarsa ta asali Najeriya kuma ya koma ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa ta Iwuanyanwu Nationale . Daga nan ne ya ci gaba da samun nasara sosai a Cyprus. Daga nan sai shugaban ƙungiyar Feyenoord Rotterdam, Jorien van den Herik, wanda ke da gida a Cyprus, ya jawo shi zuwa [[Rotterdam]] . A matakin ƙungiya, ya lashe gasar Dutch Eredivisie a 1993 da kuma gasar KNVB a 1994 da 1995 tare da Feyenoord. Daga baya ya zama ɗan Najeriya na farko da ya buga wasa a gasar J1 . A 1999-2000 ya koma Cyprus kuma ga ƙungiyar da ya fi so Anorthosis Famagusta FC Ya zira kwallaye 13 kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta lashe gasar zakarun Cyprus a karo na huɗu a jere a Cyprus. Bayan shekaru da yawa Obiku har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa na Anorthosis Famagusta kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa da suka taɓa bugawa ba kawai ga ƙungiyar ba har ma da Cyprus. Masoyan ba su taɓa mantawa da lokacin da ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1989-1992 ba, inda ya zura kwallaye 36, sannan aka yi masa lakabi da "Black Diamond". === Lokutan da ba za a manta da su ba === Idan Obiku ya ci wa Feyenoord kwallo, yawanci yakan cire rigarsa, ya jefa ta a ƙasa sannan ya yi rawa a kusa da ita. A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Willem II, ya yi tsalle a kan shingen da ke kewaye da filin wasan, ya kuma ji rauni a hannunsa yayin da yake riƙe da wayar da aka yi wa fenti. Ya ci gaba da wasa, amma sai da ya fara samun magani a hannunsa da ke zubar da jini. A ranar 8 ga Maris 1995, ya yi nasara a kan magoya bayan Rotterdam lokacin da ya zura kwallon zinare a wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin KNVB da Ajax Amsterdam, abokin hamayyarsa na dindindin. Ajax ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a wannan kakar amma Obiku ya kare ta saboda kyakkyawan kokarin da ya yi. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya wakilci [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1988, ya buga wasanni biyu na neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya sannan ya buga mintuna 12 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. Ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙasa da ƙasa a watan Afrilun 1993 da Habasha . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] n4qi5wo2440kc6nrclwxuzafw8n8e5l 839103 839100 2026-05-22T19:41:24Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330944537|Michael Obiku]]" 839103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael (“Mike”) Edirin Obiku''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Satumba 1968) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.<ref>1988 MATCHES AFRICA – RSSSF</ref><ref>FIFA World Cup Qualifiers – FIFA</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a [[Warri]], Obiku ya fara aikinsa da Flash Flamingoes a ƙasarsa ta asali Najeriya kuma ya koma ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa ta Iwuanyanwu Nationale . Daga nan ne ya ci gaba da samun nasara sosai a Cyprus. Daga nan sai shugaban ƙungiyar Feyenoord Rotterdam, Jorien van den Herik, wanda ke da gida a Cyprus, ya jawo shi zuwa [[Rotterdam]] . A matakin ƙungiya, ya lashe gasar Dutch Eredivisie a 1993 da kuma gasar KNVB a 1994 da 1995 tare da Feyenoord. Daga baya ya zama ɗan Najeriya na farko da ya buga wasa a gasar J1 . A 1999-2000 ya koma Cyprus kuma ga ƙungiyar da ya fi so Anorthosis Famagusta FC Ya zira kwallaye 13 kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta lashe gasar zakarun Cyprus a karo na huɗu a jere a Cyprus. Bayan shekaru da yawa Obiku har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa na Anorthosis Famagusta kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa da suka taɓa bugawa ba kawai ga ƙungiyar ba har ma da Cyprus. Masoyan ba su taɓa mantawa da lokacin da ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1989-1992 ba, inda ya zura kwallaye 36, sannan aka yi masa lakabi da "Black Diamond". === Lokutan da ba za a manta da su ba === Idan Obiku ya ci wa Feyenoord kwallo, yawanci yakan cire rigarsa, ya jefa ta a ƙasa sannan ya yi rawa a kusa da ita. A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Willem II, ya yi tsalle a kan shingen da ke kewaye da filin wasan, ya kuma ji rauni a hannunsa yayin da yake riƙe da wayar da aka yi wa fenti. Ya ci gaba da wasa, amma sai da ya fara samun magani a hannunsa da ke zubar da jini. A ranar 8 ga Maris 1995, ya yi nasara a kan magoya bayan Rotterdam lokacin da ya zura kwallon zinare a wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin KNVB da Ajax Amsterdam, abokin hamayyarsa na dindindin. Ajax ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a wannan kakar amma Obiku ya kare ta saboda kyakkyawan kokarin da ya yi. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya wakilci [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1988, ya buga wasanni biyu na neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya sannan ya buga mintuna 12 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. Ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙasa da ƙasa a watan Afrilun 1993 da Habasha . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 23iukg71mhynrovg3kvyj498n937u19 839104 839103 2026-05-22T19:41:48Z Sardeeq 39275 839104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Michael (“Mike”) Edirin Obiku''' (an haife shi a ranar 24 ga Satumba 1968) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba.<ref>1988 MATCHES AFRICA – RSSSF</ref><ref>FIFA World Cup Qualifiers – FIFA</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a [[Warri]], Obiku ya fara aikinsa da Flash Flamingoes a ƙasarsa ta asali Najeriya kuma ya koma ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa ta Iwuanyanwu Nationale . Daga nan ne ya ci gaba da samun nasara sosai a Cyprus. Daga nan sai shugaban ƙungiyar Feyenoord Rotterdam, Jorien van den Herik, wanda ke da gida a Cyprus, ya jawo shi zuwa [[Rotterdam]] . A matakin ƙungiya, ya lashe gasar Dutch Eredivisie a 1993 da kuma gasar KNVB a 1994 da 1995 tare da Feyenoord. Daga baya ya zama ɗan Najeriya na farko da ya buga wasa a gasar J1 . A 1999-2000 ya koma Cyprus kuma ga ƙungiyar da ya fi so Anorthosis Famagusta FC Ya zira kwallaye 13 kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta lashe gasar zakarun Cyprus a karo na huɗu a jere a Cyprus. Bayan shekaru da yawa Obiku har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa na Anorthosis Famagusta kuma ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa da suka taɓa bugawa ba kawai ga ƙungiyar ba har ma da Cyprus. Masoyan ba su taɓa mantawa da lokacin da ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1989-1992 ba, inda ya zura kwallaye 36, sannan aka yi masa lakabi da "Black Diamond". === Lokutan da ba za a manta da su ba === Idan Obiku ya ci wa Feyenoord kwallo, yawanci yakan cire rigarsa, ya jefa ta a ƙasa sannan ya yi rawa a kusa da ita. A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Willem II, ya yi tsalle a kan shingen da ke kewaye da filin wasan, ya kuma ji rauni a hannunsa yayin da yake riƙe da wayar da aka yi wa fenti. Ya ci gaba da wasa, amma sai da ya fara samun magani a hannunsa da ke zubar da jini. A ranar 8 ga Maris 1995, ya yi nasara a kan magoya bayan Rotterdam lokacin da ya zura kwallon zinare a wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin KNVB da Ajax Amsterdam, abokin hamayyarsa na dindindin. Ajax ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai a wannan kakar amma Obiku ya kare ta saboda kyakkyawan kokarin da ya yi. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ya wakilci [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] a gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 1988, ya buga wasanni biyu na neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya sannan ya buga mintuna 12 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. Ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙasa da ƙasa a watan Afrilun 1993 da Habasha . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] kg5t6kixv1gd385hev15khi5wa50hz9 0 152004 839102 2026-05-22T19:39:50Z Em-mustapha 6594 Em-mustapha moved page [[Osman na Uku]] to [[Osman III]]: Misspelled title 839102 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Osman III]] ra2eufr5w8yqimob3djz4n6gv1tromb 0 152005 839105 2026-05-22T19:42:28Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278666436|Osaro Obobaifo]]" 839105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osaro Obobaifo''' (1 ga Agusta 1966 - 1991) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. [1] Ya mutu a hatsarin mota a Belgium. [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] dfubahv4kfdtoe2t4vd5h0779xhdb8m 839106 839105 2026-05-22T19:43:15Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278666436|Osaro Obobaifo]]" 839106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osaro Obobaifo''' (1 ga Agusta 1966 - 1991) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. [1] Ya mutu a hatsarin mota a Belgium. [2]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Osaro Obobaifo". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] bk47b0o590m795msiro9rxtks78vefb 839107 839106 2026-05-22T19:43:33Z Sardeeq 39275 839107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Osaro Obobaifo''' (1 ga Agusta 1966 - 1991) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988. [1] Ya mutu a hatsarin mota a Belgium. [2]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Osaro Obobaifo". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] smpg5q7o45199vdgd0shmlkm6kwi97v 0 152006 839108 2026-05-22T19:45:47Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309777113|Christian Obodo]]" 839108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christian Obodo''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1984 a [[Warri]], [[Najeriya]] ) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaron gida]] . == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == Ya bar ƙungiyar Plateau United zuwa Italiya inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Serie A ta Italiya inda ya yi wasa mai kyau a Perugia . Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar Serie A a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Inter a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2003. Fiorentina ta ɗauke shi a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na gyaransu yayin da ƙungiyar ta dawo gasar Serie A a 2004. Sun sayi rabin haƙƙin yin rijista ne kawai, kuma a 2005 an tilasta wa ''La Viola'' da Perugia yin gwanjon makaho don yanke shawara kan makomarsa. Perugia ta lashe gwanjon amma nan take ta sayar da shi ga Udinese. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2005 |title=Obodo unveiled by Udinese |url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=313688.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050706041249/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/news/Kind=1/newsId=313688.html |archive-date=6 July 2005 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Obodo ya buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] ta farko tare da ''Le zebrette'' a kakar wasa ta 2005–06, ya yi aiki tare a tsakiyar fili tare da Sulley Muntari, har zuwa lokacin da Muntari ya bar Portsmouth FC a 2007. A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2014, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal SC Olhanese ta sanar da cewa ta amince da yarjejeniyar da Obodo bayan ta buga wasan atisaye da Lokomotiv Moscow . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2014 |title=Médio internacional nigeriano Christian Obodo é reforço |url=http://somosnos.scolhanense.com/?p=6226 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202114819/http://somosnos.scolhanense.com/?p=6226 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |website=Sporting Clube Olhanense |language=Portuguese}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A shekara ta 2001, Obodo ya buga wa Flying Eagles wanda Stephen Keshi ke horar da shi a gasar cin kofin matasan Afirka da aka yi a Habasha. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta fadi daga gasar da maki daya kacal daga wasanni 3, Obodo ya nuna kwarin gwiwa sosai a kungiyar da ke da wasu 'yan wasa kamar Bartholomew Ogbeche da Christopher Justice. Mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar Obodo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tsakiya mafi ƙwarewa da hazaka da suka buga wa Super Eagles wasa tun zamanin 1994. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, wani shahararren ɗan wasan rediyo na wasanni kuma hamshakin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya - wanda aka san shi da laƙabi da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya - ya bayyana shi a matsayin ''tarin ƙwarewa'', kalma ce da daga baya ta makale kuma yanzu ta zama daidai da ƙwarewar Obodo. Obodo yana da ƙarfin gwiwa sosai a wasanni. Ba ya jin kunyar fuskantar abokan hamayya. An san shi da dribbling, wasansa mai kuzari da kuma gudu mai ƙarfi, ya fi kyau idan yana wasa a tsakiyar filin wasa inda yake dribbling kuma sau da yawa yana yin gudu mai ƙarfi zuwa ga raga. Ya fara buga wa Super Eagles wasa a gasar cin kofin LG Cup a shekarar 2003, inda ya buga wasa da Ghana da Kamaru . Ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin dan wasan gaba a gasar sada zumunta ta Brazil, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin dan wasan gaba. Ya kuma buga wasa a wasan da Najeriya ta doke Malawi da ci 4-1 a wasan share fage na ANC a shekarar 2004. Obododo ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Algeria da ci 5-2. Ya buga wasanni shida cikin goma a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, inda ya zura kwallo daya. A gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2006, ya buga wasanni hudu cikin shida da Najeriya ta buga, inda ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Zimbabwe da ci 2-0. Obododo ya buga wasa na karshe a Super Eagles a shekarar 2008. == Sace mutane == A safiyar ranar 9 ga Yunin 2012, an ruwaito cewa wasu 'yan bindiga sun yi garkuwa da Obodo kusa da Warri, Jihar Delta. Jami'an 'yan sandan Najeriya sun ceto shi washegari a kusa da Isoko, ba a biya kudin fansa ba, kuma an kama wadanda ake zargi. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hcl8cmhzydvqan74mk3srogtl8z2zux 839109 839108 2026-05-22T19:46:07Z Sardeeq 39275 839109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christian Obodo''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Mayu 1984 a [[Warri]], [[Najeriya]] ) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsaron gida]] . == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == Ya bar ƙungiyar Plateau United zuwa Italiya inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Serie A ta Italiya inda ya yi wasa mai kyau a Perugia . Ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar Serie A a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Inter a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2003. Fiorentina ta ɗauke shi a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na gyaransu yayin da ƙungiyar ta dawo gasar Serie A a 2004. Sun sayi rabin haƙƙin yin rijista ne kawai, kuma a 2005 an tilasta wa ''La Viola'' da Perugia yin gwanjon makaho don yanke shawara kan makomarsa. Perugia ta lashe gwanjon amma nan take ta sayar da shi ga Udinese. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2005 |title=Obodo unveiled by Udinese |url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=313688.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050706041249/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/UCL/news/Kind=1/newsId=313688.html |archive-date=6 July 2005 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Obodo ya buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] ta farko tare da ''Le zebrette'' a kakar wasa ta 2005–06, ya yi aiki tare a tsakiyar fili tare da Sulley Muntari, har zuwa lokacin da Muntari ya bar Portsmouth FC a 2007. A ranar 28 ga Janairun 2014, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Portugal SC Olhanese ta sanar da cewa ta amince da yarjejeniyar da Obodo bayan ta buga wasan atisaye da Lokomotiv Moscow . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2014 |title=Médio internacional nigeriano Christian Obodo é reforço |url=http://somosnos.scolhanense.com/?p=6226 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202114819/http://somosnos.scolhanense.com/?p=6226 |archive-date=2 February 2014 |website=Sporting Clube Olhanense |language=Portuguese}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A shekara ta 2001, Obodo ya buga wa Flying Eagles wanda Stephen Keshi ke horar da shi a gasar cin kofin matasan Afirka da aka yi a Habasha. Duk da cewa kungiyar ta fadi daga gasar da maki daya kacal daga wasanni 3, Obodo ya nuna kwarin gwiwa sosai a kungiyar da ke da wasu 'yan wasa kamar Bartholomew Ogbeche da Christopher Justice. Mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar Obodo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan tsakiya mafi ƙwarewa da hazaka da suka buga wa Super Eagles wasa tun zamanin 1994. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, wani shahararren ɗan wasan rediyo na wasanni kuma hamshakin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya - wanda aka san shi da laƙabi da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya - ya bayyana shi a matsayin ''tarin ƙwarewa'', kalma ce da daga baya ta makale kuma yanzu ta zama daidai da ƙwarewar Obodo. Obodo yana da ƙarfin gwiwa sosai a wasanni. Ba ya jin kunyar fuskantar abokan hamayya. An san shi da dribbling, wasansa mai kuzari da kuma gudu mai ƙarfi, ya fi kyau idan yana wasa a tsakiyar filin wasa inda yake dribbling kuma sau da yawa yana yin gudu mai ƙarfi zuwa ga raga. Ya fara buga wa Super Eagles wasa a gasar cin kofin LG Cup a shekarar 2003, inda ya buga wasa da Ghana da Kamaru . Ya kuma buga wasa a matsayin dan wasan gaba a gasar sada zumunta ta Brazil, inda ya buga wasa a matsayin dan wasan gaba. Ya kuma buga wasa a wasan da Najeriya ta doke Malawi da ci 4-1 a wasan share fage na ANC a shekarar 2004. Obododo ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke Algeria da ci 5-2. Ya buga wasanni shida cikin goma a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2006, inda ya zura kwallo daya. A gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2006, ya buga wasanni hudu cikin shida da Najeriya ta buga, inda ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Zimbabwe da ci 2-0. Obododo ya buga wasa na karshe a Super Eagles a shekarar 2008. == Sace mutane == A safiyar ranar 9 ga Yunin 2012, an ruwaito cewa wasu 'yan bindiga sun yi garkuwa da Obodo kusa da Warri, Jihar Delta. Jami'an 'yan sandan Najeriya sun ceto shi washegari a kusa da Isoko, ba a biya kudin fansa ba, kuma an kama wadanda ake zargi. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] of2isvdghwno45ctmj6nhmx515wyb2p 0 152007 839110 2026-05-22T19:46:58Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353206126|Godfrey Oboabona]]" 839110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godfrey Itama Oboabona''' MON (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Agusta 1990) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . <ref>{{Soccerway|godfrey-oboabona/240012}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haifi Oboabona a [[Ondo (birni)|birnin Ondo]], kuma ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da ƙungiyar Sunshine Stars ta gida <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|access-date=}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2013, BBC ta yi iƙirarin cewa akwai rade-radin da ke danganta shi da komawa ƙungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ta Ingila, ikirarin da Oboabona da shugaban Sunshine Stars Mike Odoko suka musanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwashina Okeleji |date=3 August 2013 |title=Nigeria defender Oboabona denies Arsenal link and criticising Wenger |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23560257 |access-date=4 August 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da ƙungiyar Çaykur Rizespor ta ƙasar Turkiyya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oboabona completes move to Rizespor |url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/130822/Oboabona_completes_move_to_Rizespor |access-date=22 August 2013 |publisher=SuperSport}}</ref> Ya bayyana canja wurin a matsayin "mafarki." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwashina Okeleji |date=23 August 2013 |title=Godfrey Oboabona delights in 'dream' move to Turkey |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23808726 |access-date=23 August 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2018, Oboabona ya koma HNK Gorica a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko ta Croatia . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2018 |title=Godfrey Oboabona joins Croatia top-flight side HNK Gorica |url=http://www.goal.com/en-au/news/godfrey-oboabona-joins-croatia-top-flight-side-hnk-gorica/geq2e74b40rn14o01wv73nhal |access-date=15 September 2018 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2018 |title=Nigerijski reprezentativac novi je igrač Gorice |url=https://www.hnk-gorica.hr/hnk2013/sadrzaj/vijesti/blicinfo/nigerijski-reprezentativac-novi-je-igrac-gorice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416151957/https://www.hnk-gorica.hr/hnk2013/sadrzaj/vijesti/blicinfo/nigerijski-reprezentativac-novi-je-igrac-gorice |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=15 September 2018 |publisher=[[HNK Gorica]] |language=hr}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020 ya sanya hannu a kulob din FC Dinamo Batumi na Georgia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oboabona: Why I joined aspiring Dinamo Batumi &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/oboabona-why-i-joined-aspiring-dinamo-batumi/13hejv569mn9619ia1ukcmv911 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Oboabona ya fara buga wa Najeriya wasa a shekarar 2012, [1] kuma ya fito a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA . [2] An kira shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 da Najeriya za ta fafata a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2013. [3] An zaɓe shi a cikin tawagar Najeriya a gasar cin kofin FIFA Confederation Cup ta 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2013 |title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902 |access-date=10 June 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2014 |title=World Cup 2014: Peter Odemwingie in provisional Nigeria squad |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27302995 |access-date=11 May 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Najeriya ta zaɓi Oboabona a cikin tawagarta ta wucin gadi mai mutane 35 da za su fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwashina Okeleji |date=24 June 2016 |title=Kelechi Iheanacho included in Nigeria's Olympics squad |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763 |access-date=25 June 2016 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Umarni''' * [[Fayil:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] Memba na [[Order of the Niger|Ƙungiyar 'Yan Sandan Nijar]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] bfa9s8c2zutr6v9o5curboay32k6d52 839111 839110 2026-05-22T19:47:16Z Sardeeq 39275 839111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Godfrey Itama Oboabona''' MON (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Agusta 1990) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . <ref>{{Soccerway|godfrey-oboabona/240012}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haifi Oboabona a [[Ondo (birni)|birnin Ondo]], kuma ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru tare da ƙungiyar Sunshine Stars ta gida <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|access-date=}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2013, BBC ta yi iƙirarin cewa akwai rade-radin da ke danganta shi da komawa ƙungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ta Ingila, ikirarin da Oboabona da shugaban Sunshine Stars Mike Odoko suka musanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwashina Okeleji |date=3 August 2013 |title=Nigeria defender Oboabona denies Arsenal link and criticising Wenger |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23560257 |access-date=4 August 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da ƙungiyar Çaykur Rizespor ta ƙasar Turkiyya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oboabona completes move to Rizespor |url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/130822/Oboabona_completes_move_to_Rizespor |access-date=22 August 2013 |publisher=SuperSport}}</ref> Ya bayyana canja wurin a matsayin "mafarki." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwashina Okeleji |date=23 August 2013 |title=Godfrey Oboabona delights in 'dream' move to Turkey |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/23808726 |access-date=23 August 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2018, Oboabona ya koma HNK Gorica a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko ta Croatia . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2018 |title=Godfrey Oboabona joins Croatia top-flight side HNK Gorica |url=http://www.goal.com/en-au/news/godfrey-oboabona-joins-croatia-top-flight-side-hnk-gorica/geq2e74b40rn14o01wv73nhal |access-date=15 September 2018 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2018 |title=Nigerijski reprezentativac novi je igrač Gorice |url=https://www.hnk-gorica.hr/hnk2013/sadrzaj/vijesti/blicinfo/nigerijski-reprezentativac-novi-je-igrac-gorice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416151957/https://www.hnk-gorica.hr/hnk2013/sadrzaj/vijesti/blicinfo/nigerijski-reprezentativac-novi-je-igrac-gorice |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=15 September 2018 |publisher=[[HNK Gorica]] |language=hr}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2020 ya sanya hannu a kulob din FC Dinamo Batumi na Georgia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oboabona: Why I joined aspiring Dinamo Batumi &#124; Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/oboabona-why-i-joined-aspiring-dinamo-batumi/13hejv569mn9619ia1ukcmv911 |website=www.goal.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Oboabona ya fara buga wa Najeriya wasa a shekarar 2012, [1] kuma ya fito a wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA . [2] An kira shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 23 da Najeriya za ta fafata a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2013. [3] An zaɓe shi a cikin tawagar Najeriya a gasar cin kofin FIFA Confederation Cup ta 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2013 |title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902 |access-date=10 June 2013 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2014 |title=World Cup 2014: Peter Odemwingie in provisional Nigeria squad |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27302995 |access-date=11 May 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Najeriya ta zaɓi Oboabona a cikin tawagarta ta wucin gadi mai mutane 35 da za su fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwashina Okeleji |date=24 June 2016 |title=Kelechi Iheanacho included in Nigeria's Olympics squad |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763 |access-date=25 June 2016 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Umarni''' * [[Fayil:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] Memba na [[Order of the Niger|Ƙungiyar 'Yan Sandan Nijar]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] hl19yr0n7ikfgjvdzmhcwdjakg3vpoj 0 152008 839113 2026-05-22T19:50:51Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311422344|Chidi Odiah]]" 839113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chukwudi "Chidi" Odiah''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Disamba 1983) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] . Tsohon ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa, an san shi da ɗabi'ar aiki, ƙwarewa da kuma ƙwarewar kai hari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Profile |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player=178734/profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123000703/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player=178734/profile.html |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=8 August 2012 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Simintin Eagle da Julius Berger === Odiah ya fara aikinsa da [[Dolphin FC (Nijeriya)|Eagle Cement]] a gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya kafin ya koma Julius Berger FC a shekarar 2000, inda ya buga wasanni 10 kuma ya lashe gasar. === Sheriff Tiraspol === A ƙarshen shekarar 2000, Odiah ya koma Sheriff Tiraspol . Ya buga wasanni 58 kuma ya zira kwallaye biyar, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar yayin da suka mamaye ƙwallon ƙafa ta Moldova kuma suka lashe kyaututtuka da yawa. === CSKA Moscow === A gasar CIS ta 2003, Odiah ya jawo hankalin CSKA Moscow sannan daga baya ya koma kulob din bayan shekara guda kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=uefa.com |date=19 January 2004 |title=Member associations - News – UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0199-0f845175e513-3bf1c0c61c92-1000--cska-sign-nigerian-youngster/ |access-date=14 May 2018 |website=[[UEFA]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar UEFA a 2005 kuma ya halarci gasar UEFA Super Cup ta 2005, <ref>{{Cite web |title=UEFA Europa League 2004/05 - History - CSKA Moskva-Auxerre – UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/80608--cska-moskva-vs-auxerre/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006151320/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2004/matches/round=1979/match=80608/postmatch/statistics/index.html |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=12 October 2011}}</ref> da kuma buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] . Ya bar CSKA bisa amincewar juna a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2012 |title=Чиди Одиа покинул ПФК ЦСКА |url=https://www.pfc-cska.com/novosti/vse-novosti/novosti-osnovy/chidi-odia-pokinul-pfk-cska-0/ |access-date=7 June 2018 |website=pfc-cska.com |publisher=PFC CSKA Moscow |language=Russian}}</ref> === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === Chidi ya wakilci ƙasarsa a matakai daban-daban na matasa. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 wasa a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 - wadda ta lashe gasar. A gasar cin kofin Meridian, shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. Wasansa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta manyan 'yan wasa ya faru ne a watan Satumba na 2004, a wasan da suka fafata da Zimbabwe. Chidi ya kuma lashe lambar tagulla sau biyu tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta manyan 'yan wasan Najeriya a gasar cin kofin Afirka - 2006, 2010 . An zaɓi Odiah a cikin ƙungiyar da Najeriya za ta buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Squad - World Cup 2010 - ESPN Soccernet |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/team/squad?id%3D657%26cc%3D5739%26ver%3Dglobal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315023454/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/team/squad?id=657 |archive-date=15 March 2012 |access-date=12 October 2011}}</ref> kuma a wasan farko da Argentina ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko, haka kuma a wasan da suka yi da Koriya ta Kudu, ya taimaka wajen zura ƙwallo. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta hanyar kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa <ref name="nft">{{NFT player|8493|access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=C.Odiah |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/chidi-odiah/6394/ |access-date=4 December 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com/ |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="9" | CSKA Moscow | 2004 | rowspan="8" | Gasar Firimiya ta Rasha | 21 | 0 | | | 6 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 27 | 0 |- | 2005 | 27 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 3 |- | 2006 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 |- | 2007 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |- | 2008 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 28 | 0 |- | 2009 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 18 | 0 |- | 2010 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 14 | 1 |- | 2011–12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 105 ! 3 ! 12 ! 0 ! 33 ! 1 ! 2 ! 1 ! 152 ! 5 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 105 ! 3 ! 12 ! 0 ! 33 ! 1 ! 2 ! 1 ! 152 ! 5 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] h87ka4k6yd850vlrp5rk2c2py0dj79l 839114 839113 2026-05-22T19:51:17Z Sardeeq 39275 839114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chukwudi "Chidi" Odiah''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Disamba 1983) tsohon ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan baya na dama]] . Tsohon ɗan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa, an san shi da ɗabi'ar aiki, ƙwarewa da kuma ƙwarewar kai hari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Profile |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player=178734/profile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130123000703/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player=178734/profile.html |archive-date=23 January 2013 |access-date=8 August 2012 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Simintin Eagle da Julius Berger === Odiah ya fara aikinsa da [[Dolphin FC (Nijeriya)|Eagle Cement]] a gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya kafin ya koma Julius Berger FC a shekarar 2000, inda ya buga wasanni 10 kuma ya lashe gasar. === Sheriff Tiraspol === A ƙarshen shekarar 2000, Odiah ya koma Sheriff Tiraspol . Ya buga wasanni 58 kuma ya zira kwallaye biyar, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar yayin da suka mamaye ƙwallon ƙafa ta Moldova kuma suka lashe kyaututtuka da yawa. === CSKA Moscow === A gasar CIS ta 2003, Odiah ya jawo hankalin CSKA Moscow sannan daga baya ya koma kulob din bayan shekara guda kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=uefa.com |date=19 January 2004 |title=Member associations - News – UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0199-0f845175e513-3bf1c0c61c92-1000--cska-sign-nigerian-youngster/ |access-date=14 May 2018 |website=[[UEFA]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya lashe gasar UEFA a 2005 kuma ya halarci gasar UEFA Super Cup ta 2005, <ref>{{Cite web |title=UEFA Europa League 2004/05 - History - CSKA Moskva-Auxerre – UEFA.com |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/match/80608--cska-moskva-vs-auxerre/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006151320/http://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/season=2004/matches/round=1979/match=80608/postmatch/statistics/index.html |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=12 October 2011}}</ref> da kuma buga [[UEFA Champions League|gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] . Ya bar CSKA bisa amincewar juna a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2012 |title=Чиди Одиа покинул ПФК ЦСКА |url=https://www.pfc-cska.com/novosti/vse-novosti/novosti-osnovy/chidi-odia-pokinul-pfk-cska-0/ |access-date=7 June 2018 |website=pfc-cska.com |publisher=PFC CSKA Moscow |language=Russian}}</ref> === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === Chidi ya wakilci ƙasarsa a matakai daban-daban na matasa. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 wasa a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 - wadda ta lashe gasar. A gasar cin kofin Meridian, shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar. Wasansa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta manyan 'yan wasa ya faru ne a watan Satumba na 2004, a wasan da suka fafata da Zimbabwe. Chidi ya kuma lashe lambar tagulla sau biyu tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta manyan 'yan wasan Najeriya a gasar cin kofin Afirka - 2006, 2010 . An zaɓi Odiah a cikin ƙungiyar da Najeriya za ta buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Squad - World Cup 2010 - ESPN Soccernet |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/team/squad?id%3D657%26cc%3D5739%26ver%3Dglobal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315023454/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/world-cup/team/squad?id=657 |archive-date=15 March 2012 |access-date=12 October 2011}}</ref> kuma a wasan farko da Argentina ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasan farko, haka kuma a wasan da suka yi da Koriya ta Kudu, ya taimaka wajen zura ƙwallo. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta hanyar kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa <ref name="nft">{{NFT player|8493|access-date=4 December 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=C.Odiah |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/chidi-odiah/6394/ |access-date=4 December 2015 |website=uk.soccerway.com/ |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="9" | CSKA Moscow | 2004 | rowspan="8" | Gasar Firimiya ta Rasha | 21 | 0 | | | 6 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 27 | 0 |- | 2005 | 27 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 15 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 3 |- | 2006 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 |- | 2007 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |- | 2008 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 28 | 0 |- | 2009 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 18 | 0 |- | 2010 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 14 | 1 |- | 2011–12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 105 ! 3 ! 12 ! 0 ! 33 ! 1 ! 2 ! 1 ! 152 ! 5 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 105 ! 3 ! 12 ! 0 ! 33 ! 1 ! 2 ! 1 ! 152 ! 5 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] crop9b2c3duuob37izie51t2s8j06s9 0 152009 839115 2026-05-22T19:51:48Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330253477|Wole Odegbami]]" 839115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Oluwole "Wole" Odegbami''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1962) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga ƙwallon gaba . Ɗan [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] ne, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni 18 da ya buga wa ƙasarsa. Shi ne ƙanin [[Segun Odegbami]], kuma memba ne a ƙungiyar da ta fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988 a [[Seoul]], Koriya ta Kudu. Ya buga wasanni na tsawon shekaru huɗu a Cyprus, a ƙungiyar EPA Larnaca da Paralimni, sannan ya koma VSE St. Pölten a gasar Bundesliga ta Austria a shekarar 1993. A kakar wasa ta 1994-95, ya yi gwaje-gwaje a Ingila tare da Millwall da Wimbledon, amma ba a ba shi kwangila ba. Odegbami ya kuma buga wa ƙungiyoyin da ba na League ba na Ingila, Dulwich Hamlet, Bromley, Grays Athletic da Purfleet . == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Wole Odegbami at WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] pclam92l061vb9jpuwconemjfukec05 839116 839115 2026-05-22T19:52:05Z Sardeeq 39275 839116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joseph Oluwole "Wole" Odegbami''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1962) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga ƙwallon gaba . Ɗan [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] ne, ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni 18 da ya buga wa ƙasarsa. Shi ne ƙanin [[Segun Odegbami]], kuma memba ne a ƙungiyar da ta fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1988 a [[Seoul]], Koriya ta Kudu. Ya buga wasanni na tsawon shekaru huɗu a Cyprus, a ƙungiyar EPA Larnaca da Paralimni, sannan ya koma VSE St. Pölten a gasar Bundesliga ta Austria a shekarar 1993. A kakar wasa ta 1994-95, ya yi gwaje-gwaje a Ingila tare da Millwall da Wimbledon, amma ba a ba shi kwangila ba. Odegbami ya kuma buga wa ƙungiyoyin da ba na League ba na Ingila, Dulwich Hamlet, Bromley, Grays Athletic da Purfleet . == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Wole Odegbami at WorldFootball.net [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 4qr67r42twl3jrsu4l77oyzmdooi7z8 0 152010 839120 2026-05-22T20:08:01Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349330306|Hilma Nicanor]]" 839120 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Hilma__wol____wol____wol__ Nicanor (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1956 a Yankin Oshana) 'yar siyasa ce ta [[Namibiya]] kuma mai fafutuka. A lokacin da take da shekaru 18 ta shiga [[SWAPO|Swapo]] da bangaren soja, Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a na Namibia (PLAN) don ba da gudummawa ga yakin neman 'yancin Namibia. A shekara ta 2004 ta zama Councillor na mazabar Keetmanshoop Urban, kuma daya daga cikin wakilan biyu na Yankin Karas zuwa Majalisar Kasa ta Namibia, babban gidan kasar. Tun daga shekara ta 2011 Nicanor ita ce Mataimakin Ministan Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji na Namibia. Nicanor ya kammala makaranta a 1974 a [[Okombahe]]" id="mwFQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Martin Luther High School, Okombahe">Martin Luther High a Okombahe, kuma ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicanor Hilma Ndinelago |url=http://www.parliament.na/index.php?option=com_contact&view=contact&id=29:nicanor-hilma-ndinelago&catid=108&Itemid=1376 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307224348/http://www.parliament.na/index.php?option=com_contact&view=contact&id=29:nicanor-hilma-ndinelago&catid=108&Itemid=1376 |archive-date=7 March 2018 |access-date=5 December 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Namibia]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] i09dkqytbflh0x423wicln1nay70u1t 0 152011 839121 2026-05-22T20:09:09Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336570255|Paula Kooper]]" 839121 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Paula Alberthine Kooper''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1977) 'yar siyasar Namibia ce daga [[SWAPO]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=Kooper, Alberthine Paula |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/paula-kooper-3/ |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Namibia |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Namibia tun daga shekarar 2017 lokacin da Shugaban kasa ya nada ta ta hanyar Majalisar Dokoki ta 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-24 |title=Kooper replaces Swartbooi in parliament |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/kooper-replaces-swartbooi-in-parliament/ |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=The Namibian |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paula Kooper sworn in as Swapo Member of Parliament {{!}} nbc |url=https://nbcnews.na/news/paula-kooper-sworn-swapo-member-parliament.11277 |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=nbcnews.na}}</ref> Ita ce Mataimakin Babban Whip na jam'iyyarta ta SWAPO . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Kooper, Alberthine Paula |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/paula-kooper-3/ |access-date=4 Feb 2026 |website=Namibian Parliament}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 7 * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 8 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 4vb3u8gpjbxbxdg4hf7i3ci41eeycus 0 152012 839122 2026-05-22T20:10:34Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336344202|Hilma Iita]]" 839122 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Hilma Naambo Iita''' 'yar siyasar Namibia ce daga [[SWAPO]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=Iita, Hilma Naambo |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/iita-werner/ |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Namibia |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Namibia tun shekara ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-17 |title=MP wants more money for veterans |url=https://www.africa-press.net/namibia/all-news/mp-wants-more-money-for-veterans |access-date=2026-02-03 |website=Africa Press |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 8 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4b5o9ushj2gbse4wqj0d1e7l0mhqqoh 0 152013 839123 2026-05-22T20:11:41Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352279105|Ida Hoffmann]]" 839123 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Ida Maria Magdalena Hoffmann''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Satumbar 1947 a Karasburg, Yankin Karas) 'yar siyasar [[Namibiya]] ce. Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta 6 daga 2015 zuwa 2020. Kafin wannan, daga 2005 zuwa 2010 shugaban kasar Hifikepunye Pohamba ne ya zaba ta a matsayin memba mai jefa kuri'a na Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hoffmann, Ida Maria Magdalena |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/hoffmann-ida-maria-magdalena/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |website=Namibian Parliament |language=en-US}}</ref> Hoffman ya kasance mai aiki a cikin [[SWAPO]] a cikin shekarun 1980. Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, ta kafa Cibiyar Kula da Yara a Katutura a 1984 kuma tana cikin Cocin Roman Katolika tun 1962. A cikin 1990, Hoffman ya yi nazarin ci gaban aikin a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Pan African a [[Zambiya|Zambia]] . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Fasaha na Nama a [[Windhoek]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ida Hofmann speaks about apology, compensation and reconciliation |url=http://genocide-namibia.net/2015/02/ida-hofmann-speaks-about-apology-compensation-and-reconciliation/ |access-date=28 November 2016 |website=Genocide-Namibia.net}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1947]] 81wpbh2o9bmnp6ueteowu8d6fqw3ueo 0 152014 839124 2026-05-22T20:12:53Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352279100|Maureen Hinda-Mbuende]]" 839124 wikitext text/x-wiki   <references /> '''Maureen Magreth Hinda-Mbuende''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1964) 'yar majalisar dokokin [[Namibiya]] ce a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa kuma 'yar siyasa ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan kudi da kamfanonin jama'a. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Hinda a ranar 9 ga Satumba 1964 a Tses, Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka (a yau a Yankin Karas na Namibia). Ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta Suiderlig a 1983 kuma ta kammala B.Com. Hons a cikin gudanar da kasuwanci a Jami'ar Western Cape a 2002. A cikin 1990 Hinda ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta a makarantar Fredrick Awaseb . Daga baya ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatan sa kai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnati don kudi.<ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |title=Hinda, Maureen M. |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/hinda-maureen-m-2/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Namibian Parliament |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="MFPE">{{Cite web |title=Executive Profile - MFPE - Portal Ariel |url=http://mfpe.gov.na/executive-profile |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=MFPE |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga 1994 zuwa 1996 ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda na ciki a Bankin Tattalin Arziki da Zuba Jari. Ta kasance manajan yanki a Namibia Housing Enterprise (NHE) a 2002-2009. Hinda-Mbuende ta bar NHE a shekara ta 2009 don zama manajan darakta a Cibiyar HCM ta Kudu kafin a nada ta ta ta zama mataimakiyar minista a shekara ta 2015. <ref name="Parliament" /> == Ayyukan siyasa == Hinda-Mbuende ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokoki tun 2015. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015 Shugaba Hage Geingob ne ya fara nada Hinda-Mbuende a matsayin mataimakin ministan hulda da hadin kai na kasa da kasa. A cikin sake fasalin majalisar ministocin watan Fabrairun 2018 an tura ta zuwa Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida, Shige da Fice da Tsaro, kuma a matsayin mataimakiyar minista. Ta yi aiki har zuwa Maris 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zone |first=The NMH School Newspaper Project-My |last2=Nawatises |first2=Michelline |date=2021-08-13 |title=Celebrating more than 100 days in office |url=https://zone.my.na/news/celebrating-more-than-100-days-in-office2021-08-13 |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=My Zone |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Afrilu 2021 aka sake nada Hinda-Mbuende a matsayin mataimakin minista, a wannan lokacin tare da fayil ɗin Kudi da Kasuwancin Jama'a.<ref name="MFPE" /> == Iyali == Hinda-Mbuende ta auri ɗan siyasa kuma diflomasiyya Kaire Mbuende . Suna da 'ya'ya shida. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] ka7miltwzumqvgam6odavnc6zecdssm 0 152015 839127 2026-05-22T20:15:55Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348311948|Sade Gawanas]]" 839127 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{DEFAULTSORT:Gawanas, Sade}}'''Sade Gawanas''' 'yar siyasar [[Namibiya]] ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na Windhoek tun daga 1 ga Disamba 2021 har zuwa 19 ga Janairu 2023, yayin da mataimakiyarta ta hau mulki. A baya, an zabe ta a cikin majalisar [[Windhoek|Birnin Windhoek]] bayan Zaben kananan hukumomi na 2020. Ta fito ne daga kungiyar Landless People's Movement . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2021 |title='Job took the files' – Gawanas |url=https://www.namibiansun.com/news/job-took-the-files-gawanas2021-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=- The Namibian |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/104359/read/Anarchy-wont-solve-land-question}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A baya Gawanas ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin jirgin sama na kamfanin jiragen sama na Air Namibia kafin ya daina shiga harkokin siyasa. An wajabta wa wannan matakin ne domin ya bi umurnin hukumar zabe ta Namibiya da ta haramtawa ma’aikata tsayawa takara a zaben ‘yan majalisar dokokin kasar yayin da suke rike da mukamansu (Sashe na 47 na kundin tsarin mulkin Namibiya)[1]. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sade Gawanas 'yar uwar [[Bience Gawanas]] ce. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0tecj25de8ycs0stppxhrikqj1373i7 0 152016 839130 2026-05-22T20:21:05Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355467594|Clara Gowases]]" 839130 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Clara Gowases''' (1960-2020) malamar [[Namibiya]] ce kuma 'yar siyasa. An zabi Gowases a matsayin shugaban Jam'iyyar Republican a watan Satumbar 2009 kuma daga baya aka lissafa ta biyu a jerin sunayen jam'iyyar don Babban zaben 2009. Gowases ya rasa zabensa a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa yayin da jam'iyyar ta lashe kujerar daya kawai. A cikin Zaben yanki na Fabrairu 2010, Gowases ya gudu don wakiltar Windhoek Rural a Majalisar Yankin Khomas kuma [[Frederick Arie]] na SWAPO ya ci shi. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, shugaban jam'iyyar kuma memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa Henk Mudge ya yi murabus kuma Gowases ya maye gurbinsa a duka mukamai biyu. Ta kasance malama ce ta hanyar sana'a. A jawabinta na farko ga majalisar dokokin kasar, Gowases ta soki gwamnatin da SWAPO ke jagoranta bisa zargin fifita kamfanonin gine-gine daga kasar Sin fiye da makwabciyarta na Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kuma soki kungiyoyin kwadagon da ke da alaka da gwamnati kan rashin sukar kamfanonin kasar Sin da cin zarafi.[1] Gowases ya mutu daga ciwon daji a Windhoek a ranar 13 ga Yuni 2020. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 85lzzfv9i1l74ufqk7qixi33nvx2135 0 152017 839132 2026-05-22T20:22:48Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346404254|Otillie Haitota]]" 839132 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Ottilie Laimi Ndinelao Haitota (an haife shi 26 ga Janairu 1995) ɗan siyasan Namibiya ne daga masu fafutukar neman sauyi masu zaman kansu wanda ya kasance memba a Majalisar Namibiya tun 2025.[1] Ita ce mai bayar da shawarar gidaje[2]. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 8 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Haitota, Otillie}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] flw6943q2mnpo2oytzs2o7frh1tkq7g 0 152018 839133 2026-05-22T20:24:17Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349324807|Elma Dienda]]" 839133 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}'''Elma Jane Dienda''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1964 a Upington, Arewacin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]) 'yar siyasa ce kuma malama a [[Namibiya]]. A halin yanzu memba ne na Democratic Turnhalle Alliance wanda ta shiga shekaru hudu bayan ta yi murabus daga CoD, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namibian Sun - Tells it All - - Namibian Sun |url=http://www.sun.com.na/politics/former-cod-mp-dienda-joins-dta.63132}}</ref> Dienda ta kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Namibia daga ɗaukar matsayi na karshe na CoD a 2004 har sai CoD ba ta sami isasshen kuri'u don sake zaben ta a 2009. Ta fito ne daga Afirka ta Kudu da [[Malawi|Malawian]]. == Ayyuka == Dienda malama ce ta hanyar sana'a, bayan ta sami difloma ta ilimi a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Windhoek kuma ta yi aiki a [[Eldorado High School (Namibia)|Makarantar Sakandare ta Eldorado]] a Khomasdal . Har ila yau, tana da difloma daga Cibiyar Taimako ta Shari'a . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Corporation |first=New Era Publication |title=Honorable Dienda, Elma Jane - Profile |url=https://classifieds.newera.com.na/profile/57 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072518/https://classifieds.newera.com.na/profile/57 |archive-date=2018-01-03 |access-date=2018-01-02 |website=classifieds.newera.com.na}}</ref> Ta sami horo a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Catholic AIDS Action . A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Babban Whip na Popular Democratic Movement a majalisa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dienda, Elma Jane |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/dienda-elma-jane/ |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Namibian Parliament |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief whip chides Swapo MPs for absconding parly |url=https://neweralive.na/posts/chief-whip-chides-swapo-mps-for-absconding-parly |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=Truth, for its own sake. |language=en}}</ref> == Matsayi na siyasa == Dienda ta shiga Majalisar Demokradiyya a 1999, shekarar da aka kafa ta. Ta kuma rike mukamin sakatariyar jam'iyyar Women Democrats Party . A shekara ta 2007, ta yi adawa da zaben [[Ben Ulenga]] a matsayin shugaban jam'iyya. Dienda ya jagoranci wani gangami a majalisar dokokin kasar inda ya bukaci a raba robar ga fursunonin gidan yari a matsayin hanyar hana yaduwar cutar kanjamau. An yi wa Dienda da wasu ‘yan siyasa ‘yan adawa ihu, inda Utoni Nujoma da Petrus Iilonga suka nuna adawa da ra’ayin. 'Yan kungiyar SWAPO da dama sun musanta cewa an taba yin jima'i a gidajen yari.[1] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] rb7ttjxu8upmjmevh054pw5vwgz9v25 0 152019 839134 2026-05-22T20:27:32Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355429382|Bruneau Laurette]]" 839134 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Bruneau Laurette''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1974) 'yar gwagwarmayar zamantakewar al'umma ce kuma 'yar siyasa ce ta Mauritian. == Tasirin siyasa == A ranar 29 ga Agusta 2020, Bruneau Laurette ta tattara ɗimbin al'ummar Mauritius waɗanda suka yi zanga-zangar kawo sauyi mai tsauri kan yadda ake yin siyasa a Mauritius kuma suna goyon bayan zaɓen sabuwar gwamnati.[1][2][3][4] A ranar 2 ga Maris 2021, Bruneau Laurette, ya ba da sanarwar ƙirƙirar jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa.[1][2] A ranar 7 ga Maris 2023, Laurette ta shiga One Moris, ƙungiyar Sherry Singh, tsohon Shugaba na Mauritius Telecom.[3] == Kamawa == A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2022, an kama Bruneau Laurette da ɗansa. 'Yan sanda sun kwace bindigogi da kilo 46 na hashish a gidan mai fafutuka da motar. A cewar Laurette, shi ne wanda aka shirya. An saki Laurette a kan beli a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Libéré, Bruneau Laurette maintient ses allégations de «drug planting» |url=https://defimedia.info/libere-bruneau-laurette-maintient-ses-allegations-de-drug-planting |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=Defimedia}}</ref>&nbsp; == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Bruneau Laurettea kanFacebook [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] ffbf1cgw8jbm3dmla9adm0ods4j4qpk 0 152020 839135 2026-05-22T20:29:53Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342155052|Dulce Almada Duarte]]" 839135 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Maria Dulce de Oliveira Almada Duarte''' (1933-2019) ta kasance masanin harshe na [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verdean]] wanda ya kasance memba kuma mai gwagwarmaya na [[Jam'iyyar Afirka don neman 'yancin kai na Guinea da Cape Verde|Jam'iyyar Afirka don 'yancin kai na Guinea da Cape Verde]] . == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi === An haifi Duarte a shekara ta 1933 a tsibirin San Vicente . Daga baya ta yi karatun harsunan Romance a Jami'ar Coimbra . Ta goyi bayan ra'ayin adawa da mulkin mallaka kuma ta goyi bayan gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai a Cape Verde da Guinea ta Portugal (yanzu [[Gine-Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]]). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-21 |title=Cabo Verde chora Dulce Duarte figura de proa da cultura caboverdiana |url=https://www.rfi.fr/pt/cabo-verde/20190821-cabo-verde-chora-dulce-duarte-figura-de-proa-da-cultura-caboverdiana |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=RFI |language=pt}}</ref> === Gwagwarmaya don juriya === Ta koma Cape Verde a 1959 amma na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ba a yarda ta yi tafiya zuwa Guinea ta Portugal ba. Duarte ya ziyarci Faransa kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Caen . Daga baya ta tafi Aljeriya da Maroko sannan daga baya Senegal sannan Guinea kuma ta shiga Jam'iyyar Afirka don Independence of Guinea da Cape Verde (PAIGC) kai tsaye. A cikin gwagwarmayarta ko '<nowiki/>''<nowiki/>'Yanci'<nowiki/>'' kai, ta yi ayyuka daban-daban. Har ma ta yi hira da rediyo kuma ta hada kai da samar da shirin rediyo a cikin Portuguese don lalata sojojin mulkin mallaka don tallafawa mayakan adawa. Ta rubuta labarai da yawa don Libertação (Liberation) don PAIGC, ta fassara ayyukan da [[Amílcar Cabral]] ya yi zuwa Faransanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2013 |title=Dulce Almada Duarte - uma combatente pela libertação da Guiné e Cabo Verde |url=http://pt.radiovaticana.va/storico/2013/01/24/Dulce_Almada_Duarte_-_uma_combatente_pela_liberta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Guin%C3%A9_e_Cabo_/por-658565 |access-date=3 October 2016 |publisher=Vatican Radio |language=pt}},</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki tare da mijinta na gaba [[Abílio Duarte]], wanda shi ma ''<nowiki/>'Yanci''' ne na PAIGC . === Bayan samun 'yancin kai === Bayan samun 'yancin kai, ta yi aiki a sassan gwamnati daban-daban ciki har da Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Ilimi. Daga baya, ta mayar da hankali kan asalin ta a cikin harshen Romance da ilimin harshe kuma ta buga ayyuka da yawa a cikin Creole na Cape Verde. A cewarta sanarwa, ta goyi bayan hukuma ta Creole na Cape Verde.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-24 |title=Convidado - Dulce Almada Duarte, figura de proa da cultura cabo-verdiana |url=https://www.rfi.fr/pt/cabo-verde/20190824-dulce-almada-duarte-figura-de-proa-da-cultura-cabo-verdiana-cabo-verde |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=RFI |language=pt}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Cape Verde. Gudummawa ga nazarin yaren da ake magana a cikin tsibirin'' (1961). Lisbon: Hukumar Bincike ta Ultramar, Fitowa ta 55 na Nazarin Kimiyya ta Siyasa da Jama'a.''Fitowa 55 na Nazarin kimiyyar siyasa da zamantakewa.'' * Bilinguismo ko Diglossia [Bilingualism ko Diglossiya] (1998). Rairayin bakin teku, Cape Verde: Spleen. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] h3diq9f5sog4t50b5clwuskhpyatktu 0 152021 839136 2026-05-22T20:31:12Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346378395|Clemencia Coetzee]]" 839136 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Clemencia Emma Coetzee 'yar siyasa ce ta Namibiya daga SWAPO wacce ta kasance memba a Majalisar Namibiya tun 2025.[1] An zabe ta a babban zaben Namibiya na 2024.[2] Ita ce mai ba da shawara ga gidaje masu araha.[3] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 8 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2tteyl9xdhyon85lnq5ciu09acuahjc 0 152022 839138 2026-05-22T20:34:45Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348126027|Indileni Daniel]]" 839138 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Indileni Daniel ɗan siyasan Namibiya ne daga ƙungiyar jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma (SWAPO) wanda ya kasance memba a Majalisar Namibiya tun 2025.[1] Ita ce ministar muhalli da yawon shakatawa a majalisar ministocin Namibiya.[2][3] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Namibia ta 8 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fauku6dnfnxmq2w4qd3f9ce7a7mesak 0 152023 839140 2026-05-22T20:38:03Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348085576|Louis Olivier Bancoult]]" 839140 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Louis Olivier Bancoult (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964) ɗan ƙasar Chagossia ne mai fafutukar neman 'yancin dawowa kuma shugaban ƙungiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Chagos (CRG).[1][2] == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a shekara ta 1964 a tsibirin Peros Banhos a cikin Tsibirin Chagos, daga inda An cire shi da karfi yana da shekaru hudu kuma aka kai shi [[Moris|Mauritius]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Natasha |date=2000-07-13 |title=Island strife |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/jul/13/guardianweekly.guardianweekly1 |access-date=2018-06-21 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> A mayar da martani, mahaifiyarsa Rita Élysée Bancoult, tare da masu fafutuka Charlesia Alexis da Lisette Talate, sun kafa CRG a shekarar 1982.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Home CRG – Chagos Refugees Group |url=http://thechagosrefugeesgroup.com/home-crg/ |access-date=2021-07-11 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Marry Kooy 2011, p.153">Sandra Evers et Marry Kooy, Eviction from the Chagos Islands: Displacement and Struggle for Identity Against Two World Powers, vol. Volume 1 : African History, Brill, 2011, 293 p. ({{ISBN|9004202609}}), p.153</ref> Bancoult ma'aikacin lantarki ne kuma mai ba da shawara ga haƙƙin haƙƙin Chagoss na dawowa daga Mauritius zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali.[1] Ya shiga cikin manyan ayyuka na shari'a da yawa game da gudun hijira na Chagos Islanders. An zabe shi sau da yawa a matsayin shugaban asusun jin dadin jama'a na Chagossian, wanda ke da alhakin rarraba har zuwa rupees miliyan 7 a kowace shekara don taimakon gwamnatin Mauritius.[2] Ya kasance daya daga cikin mazauna tsibirin biyar waɗanda, a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu 2022, suka shiga bakin rairayin bakin teku na Peros Banhos, ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsibirai da suka hada da tsibirin Chagos da aka mamaye, saboda [[Moris|Mauritius]] ta sami nasarar shari'a tare da [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] da [[Babban Kotun koli na Duniya|Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya]]. A shekara ta 2023, an zabi shi don Kyautar Nobel ta Zaman Lafiya, tare da Liseby Elysé, wata mace ta Chagossian wacce ta ba da shaida a madadin Mauritius a gaban Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya a cikin shari'ar Chagos a kan Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Edouard |first=Olivia |date=2023-02-09 |title=Le Groupe réfugiés Chagos, Olivier Bancoult et Liseby Élysé candidats au Prix Nobel de la Paix |url=https://lexpress.mu/node/418762 |website=L'Express Maurice}}</ref> Bayan sanarwar hadin gwiwa tsakanin Mauritius da Ingila a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024 game da ba da ikon mallakar Burtaniya a kan tsibirin Chagos, Bancoult ya sadu da Firayim Minista Pravind Jugnauth don tattauna sake zama a tsibirin Chago. [1] == Dubi kuma == * Rikici na ikon mallakar tsibirin Chagos * Cire mutanen Chagos == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Chagos Islands dispute}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://thechagosrefugeesgroup.com/home-crg/ thechagosrefugeesgroup.com] * R (a kan aikace-aikacen Bancoult (No 2)) v Sakataren Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] ngidnmvzoz4et2ta77nuko0fss04hw2 0 152024 839142 2026-05-22T20:39:39Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335777262|Darren L'activiste]]" 839142 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Louis Dominique Seedeeal''', wanda aka fi sani da Louis Dominique seedeeal Alias Darren mai fafutuka & Journaliste international Certidoc a shafin facebook Rediyo Mo Pep-Info Libre mai fafutukar zamantakewar Mauritian. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moris |first=E. |title=Darren Activiste : " Je vous demande de rentrer chez vous " |url=https://www.zinfos-moris.com/Darren-Activiste-Je-vous-demande-de-rentrer-chez-vous_a29184.html |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Zinfos Moris, L’actualité de l'île Maurice |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peerbaye |first=Nafiisah |date=2022-04-23 |title=Darren et l'accusation de sédition contre lui |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/407916/darren-et-laccusation-sedition-contre-lui |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=lexpress.mu |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=[Video] Me Akil Bissessur parlant de Darren l'activiste : " Li laguerre pou ti dimoune " |url=https://defimedia.info/me-akil-bissessur-parlant-de-darren-lactiviste-li-laguerre-pou-ti-dimoune |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Le Defi Media Group |language=fr}}</ref> == zanga-zanga da kamawa == A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2022, 'yan sanda sun kama Louis Dominique Seedeeal Alias ​​Darren dan jarida mai fafutuka CertiDoc (EU) saboda shirya zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba a kan hauhawar farashin iskar gas da man fetur a Mauritius.[1] Bayan kama shi, jama'a sun taru a gaban hedkwatar 'yan sanda da ke Les Casernes Central, Port Louis, suna neman a sake shi. An yi wasu tarzoma a sassan kasar; 'yan sanda na gida, Special Support Unit (SSU) da Special Mobile Force (SMF) an tura su a kusa da tsibirin don dawo da doka da oda.[2][3] An saki Seedeal a kan parole a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2022, bayan haka ya yi kira ga kwanciyar hankali da jira matakin gwamnati kan farashin man fetur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Casimir |first=Stewelderson |date=2022-04-22 |title=[Wrap-up] Incidents à travers le pays: brûlante colère |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/407833/wrap-incidents-travers-pays-brulante-colere |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=lexpress.mu |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rédaction |first=La |date=2022-04-23 |title=La police publie les conditions attachées à la remise en liberté de Darren |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/407902/police-publie-conditions-attachees-remise-en-liberte-darren |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=lexpress.mu |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Moris |first=E. |title=Darren Activiste : " Je vous demande de rentrer chez vous " |url=https://www.zinfos-moris.com/Darren-Activiste-Je-vous-demande-de-rentrer-chez-vous_a29184.html |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Zinfos Moris, L’actualité de l'île Maurice |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=News Moris |date=2022-04-23 |title=Activist released on bail, calls for peace |url=https://newsmoris.com/2022/04/23/activist-released-on-bail-calls-for-peace/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=News Moris |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:L'activiste, Darren}} * Darren L'activistea kanFacebook [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f9ylwxk2shoxmu3aist5g3z3p62i9eg 0 152025 839143 2026-05-22T20:41:15Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341968859|Sabrina Jean]]" 839143 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Sabrina Jean''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1973) 'yar Chagossian ce ta ƙarni na biyu kuma mai fafutuka ga al'ummar Chagossian don komawa gida zuwa Tsibirin Chagos a [[Tekun Indiya]], wanda aka gudanar a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yankin Tekun Indiya na Burtaniya . == Tarihi == An haifi Sabrina Jean a Mauritius, diya ga Serge Aristide, wanda aka haifa a kan atoll na Peros Banhos a 1950 amma ya tafi Mauritius a 1967 lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ba ta da lafiya. Lokacin da Aristide ya yi ƙoƙarin komawa Peros Banhos a ƙarshen 1960s da farkon 1970s an gaya masa cewa an ba da gidansa ga Burtaniya.[1] Mahaifin Jean, Serge Aristide, yana daga cikin mutane 1,500 da aka tilastawa barin yankin Burtaniya na ketare lokacin da aka ba da hayar Amurka don gina sansanin soji a Diego Garcia. An kai su cikin kwale-kwale zuwa Mauritius da Seychelles ba tare da taimakon ƙaura ba, kuma yawancinsu suna cikin talauci. Jean ya ƙaura daga Mauritius zuwa garin Crawley a Burtaniya a cikin 2006.[2] Crawley gida ne ga kusan Chagossiyawa na ƙarni na biyu 3,000, mafi yawan mutanen Chagossian na Biritaniya.[2][3] == Yunkurin fafutuka == A Mauritius Jean ya shiga ƙungiyar matasa na Chagossians karkashin jagorancin Olivier Bancoult, wanda ya kawo ma'anar al'umma da wayar da kan jama'a ga ƙarni na biyu da na uku na Chagossian da aka haifa a Mauritius. A lokacin da ta koma Crawley a shekara ta 2006, Jean ta zama shugabar kungiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Chagos A shekara ta 2011 gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba ta izinin ziyartar tsibirin gidanta na Peros Banhos, wani ɓangare na tsibirin Chagos a karo na farko kuma kawai, ta ziyarci ƙasar mahaifinta. Da yake magana game da tsibirin, Jean ya ce "Babu wani abu, kawai tsarin gidaje da coci. Babu wani abu a ciki. Babu wani abin da ya ɓace. Ya kasance mai raɗaɗi don ganin shi da idanu".<ref name="inews2019">{{Cite web |last=Sandhu |first=Serina |date=22 November 2019 |title=UK misses Chagos Islands deadline: 'My dad doesn't want to be buried in Britain – he wants to be buried at home' |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/chagos-islands-dispute-deadline-uk-britain-buried-366240 |access-date=29 November 2020 |publisher=inews}}</ref> A cikin 2013 Jean ya taimaka wajen gano Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Chagos kuma ita ce shugabarta ta yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McDougall |first=John |date=5 December 2019 |title=Islanders in exile - the Chagos Islands national team |url=http://theislandreview.com/content/chagos-islands-football-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019160442/http://theislandreview.com/content/chagos-islands-football-team |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |publisher=The Island Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brooke |first=Samuel |date=13 July 2019 |title=Chagos Islanders face deportation threats in Crawley |url=https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/17768458.chagos-islanders-face-deportation-threats-crawley/ |access-date=29 November 2020 |publisher=The Argus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Popham |first=Kristen |date=13 April 2020 |title=Half a Century After Their Deportation, Chagossians Employ Football and Community as Tools of Resistance |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/half-century-after-their-deportation-chagossians-employ-football-and-community-tools |access-date=1 December 2020 |publisher=Pulizer Center}}</ref> == ''Wani Aljanna'' == Wani fim din da darektan fina-finai na Belgium Olivier Magis ya yi wanda ke ba da labarin halin da ake ciki na al'ummar Chagossian a Crawley, ''Wani Aljanna'', an sake shi a cikin 2019 <ref name="Guardian2019">{{Cite web |last=McVeigh |first=Karen |date=7 June 2019 |title='I want to die on my native soil': exiled Chagos Islanders dream of return |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/jun/07/i-want-to-die-on-my-native-soil-exiled-chagos-islanders-dream-of-return |access-date=29 November 2020 |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> kuma yana nuna Jean a ko'ina. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Chagos Islands dispute}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] c36ka1lq6sapmk4doabvekan3ztutsr 0 152026 839144 2026-05-22T20:42:28Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326082460|Lindsey Collen]]" 839144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lindsey Collen''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1948 a Mqanduli, Umtata, Transkei, Afirka ta Kudu) marubuci ce ta Mauritian, kuma mai fafutuka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Felicity Hand (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) |date=2010-08-26 |title=Literary Encyclopedia &#124; Lindsey Collen |url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=12828 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Litencyc.com}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar marubuta ta Commonwealth ta 1994 da 2005, Littafin Mafi Kyawu, Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Prize |date= |title=Commonwealth Prize |url=http://www.africabookclub.com/?page_id=1139 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Africabookclub.com}}</ref> Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin New Internationalist . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - New Internationalist |url=http://www.newint.org/contributors/lindsey-collen/ |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Newint.org}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Lalit na Klas . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine |url=http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?auteur567 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=International Viewpoint}}</ref> Ta auri Ram Seegobin . Tana zaune a Mauritius . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-03 |title=Lindsey Collen |url=http://www.feministpress.org/books/lindsey-collen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113724/http://www.feministpress.org/books/lindsey-collen |archive-date=2014-08-26 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=The Feminist Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - Lindsey Collen |url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/Lindsey-Collen/authors/512 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170137/http://www.bloomsbury.com/Lindsey-Collen/authors/512 |archive-date=2012-05-10 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Akwai Ruwa'', Port Louis, Mauritius: Ledikasyon pu Travayer, 1990 *   * Getting Rid of it, London: Granta Books, 1997, .{{ISBN|978-1-86207-079-0}} * Mutiny, London: Bloomsbury, 2001, .{{ISBN|978-0-7475-5265-9}} * Boy, London: Bloomsbury, 2004, .{{ISBN|978-0-7475-6387-7}} * ''Mutumin Malaria da Makwabtanta'', Port Louis, Mauritius: Ledikasyon pu Travayer, 2010, .{{ISBN|978-99903-33-67-1}} === Littattafai === *   *   === Tarihin Tarihi === * Wheelwright, Julie (27 Yuli 2001). "Mutiny by Lindsey Collen". Mai zaman kansa. An samo shi daga asali a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2008. (Binciken) {{Cite web |last=Wheelwright |first=Julie |author-link=Julie Wheelwright |date=27 July 2001 |title=Mutiny by Lindsey Collen |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/mutiny-by-lindsey-collen-752971.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427045604/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/mutiny-by-lindsey-collen-752971.html |archive-date=April 27, 2008 |website=The Independent}} * "The [http://litbit.wordpress.com/2007/12/18/the-rape-of-sita-by-lindsey-collen/ "Rape of Sita by Lindsey Collen"]", ''litbrit'', Disamba 18, 2007 (Bincike) * [http://www.&#x3C;i&#x20;id= defimedia.info/articles/722/1/Lindsey-Collen-Emancipation-is-the-freeing-from-patriarchy/Page1.html" id="mwmQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Lindsey Collen: "Yanci shine 'yanci daga shugabanci"] [mafi kyawun hanyar haɗi], defimedia, Noor Adam Essack, 03/4/2011 (tambayar) {{Dead link|date=December 2017|fix-attempted=yes}} *   * [http://www.lalitmauritius.org/viewnews.php?id=1226 "Lindsey Collen a Tattaunawa"], Littattafai & Siyasa, Jami'ar Reunion * [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=8261&pc=9 "The Subversion of Class and Jender Roles in the Novels of Lindsey Collen (1948-), Mauritian Social Activist and Writer"] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * ''Komye fwa mo finn trap enn pikan ursen'', Ledikasyon pu travayer, 1997, {{ISBN|978-99903-33-18-3}}. * ''Natir imin: Mauritian Creole & English versions'', Ledikasyon pu travayer, 2000, {{ISBN|978-99903-33-31-2}}. {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] jgb3ea95yxmfh37ak4usg6puiwnlz13 0 152027 839145 2026-05-22T20:44:50Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348026130|Charlesia Alexis]]" 839145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlesia Alexis''' (8 ga Satumba, 1934 - 16 ga Disamba, 2012) ta kasance mawaƙiya ce kuma mai fafutuka ta Chagos, sananniya ce don taimakawa wajen kafa Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Chagos . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta a Diego Garcia. Alexis da danginta sun je Port Louis a Mauritius a 1967 don samun magani ga mijinta. Ba a ba su izinin komawa gida daga baya ba saboda Amurka na son kafa sansanin soji a cikin tsibiran. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1982, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta biya diyya ga Chagossians da aka kwashe. Koyaya, ta hanyar karɓar sulhu, sun kuma sanya hannu kan haƙƙinsu na dawowa. Tare da Lisette Talate da Rita Bancoult, ta kafa kungiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Chagos a shekarar 1983. Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Chagos ta dauki yakin ta zuwa kotunan Burtaniya, ta ci nasara a ƙananan kotuna amma daga bisani ta ga cewa Law Lords sun soke wannan sakamakon. Kungiyar ta gaba ta kai kararsu Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai; a cikin 2012, kotun ta yanke hukunci ba tare da yarda da ita ba. A cikin 2002, Chagossian da aka kora sun sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya. A cikin 2004, Alexis ya zauna a Crawley.[1] Ta kuma fitar da rikodin waƙoƙi da yawa. Alexis ya mutu a Crawley yana da shekaru 78. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Chagos Islands dispute}}{{Authority control}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] lb6ygf6quwserjdt2jol7hq44rajb9b 3 152028 839154 2026-05-22T21:23:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839154 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Laminu1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Laminu1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) k4353s41lcqq90krw1ybb9wytl4hhjl 3 152029 839155 2026-05-22T21:23:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839155 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, An Unexpected NTSC Composite-Component VCR! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/An Unexpected NTSC Composite-Component VCR|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) cz2nw635r3zj750it6dnpylza7qb7ld 3 152030 839156 2026-05-22T21:23:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839156 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Moabe Porto! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Moabe Porto|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) s711x0ms94m7l69e2q4bc3lik0w80zk 3 152031 839157 2026-05-22T21:23:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839157 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Unger dcb! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Unger dcb|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) jnwoamdyfv9rdnn0cvf2u44411ny03t 3 152032 839158 2026-05-22T21:23:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839158 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Excalibus! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Excalibus|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 9cwtf7txvbe85yf4avwuz6re215q1jq 3 152033 839159 2026-05-22T21:24:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839159 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bendoverasq! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bendoverasq|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) nfp2u8l4dn4geobmhj5ounry35s4njv 3 152034 839160 2026-05-22T21:24:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839160 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dumamkd! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dumamkd|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) g0auvw310kl8xhoctnvthmbogxmwhts 3 152035 839161 2026-05-22T21:24:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839161 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, IzanKausar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/IzanKausar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) kl81bzr2so92m76qp3w2k2q690d4wec 3 152036 839162 2026-05-22T21:24:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839162 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Walteronthehill! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Walteronthehill|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) aryzf7xoz5v38r9wk1xwhg00mapm1jk 3 152037 839163 2026-05-22T21:24:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839163 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SUJI MEDIA! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SUJI MEDIA|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 1dhoc9fx3zgvp9etxwfuib5h6379u2s 3 152038 839164 2026-05-22T21:24:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839164 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kiwi Smoothie! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kiwi Smoothie|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) fe8w8jc4lhui4yb4sp5jebkyl6qpfyj 3 152039 839165 2026-05-22T21:25:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839165 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aminabubakar640! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aminabubakar640|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) a8cexyqbr6okwzz9vlhu9v0jhtjl05d 3 152040 839166 2026-05-22T21:25:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839166 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, IndushinOleg! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/IndushinOleg|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) dwwun0fzlwj9z8gz8ea21gqohfikdvw 3 152041 839167 2026-05-22T21:25:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839167 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Detarium! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Detarium|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) hzuvu6haj1zjl662a01veswycg5x24x 3 152042 839168 2026-05-22T21:25:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839168 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TheTraveller60! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TheTraveller60|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 864fuu954pypy5w8v5joljfift19rhp 3 152043 839169 2026-05-22T21:25:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839169 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jávori István! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jávori István|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) lk3aniois5payd3xrr7le2tbep0wiov 3 152044 839170 2026-05-22T21:25:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839170 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Damien Prophet! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Damien Prophet|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 3aef87kl8cc9n9i3j2jm7s229cnq04e 3 152045 839171 2026-05-22T21:26:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839171 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lingnanhua! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lingnanhua|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 0oh96ch6pgaqu9p1u23wtjeq8xmbtr5 3 152046 839172 2026-05-22T21:26:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839172 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Thehiddenhilll! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Thehiddenhilll|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) rok3uhjo8asixd2egmfy9w6223bp1ja 3 152047 839173 2026-05-22T21:26:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839173 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mrboss22offical! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mrboss22offical|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) e0zww7fs3xft3a3ivuysd2b6srfz1us 3 152048 839175 2026-05-22T21:26:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839175 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Omatt.odg11! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Omatt.odg11|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) eeznjq4qrc475lbx58tl187sl8ffwcn 3 152049 839176 2026-05-22T21:26:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839176 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, PositivelyUncertain! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/PositivelyUncertain|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) bwb02qfxu55lg4z77hmrgtskx5sqd6y 3 152050 839177 2026-05-22T21:26:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839177 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Habibicb! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Habibicb|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) lueoxul9uy2egorz4mtprbpswgtc0c6 0 152051 839230 2026-05-23T04:50:37Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316102194|Lucy Sichone]]" 839230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucy Banda-Sichone''' (1954-1998) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ta [[Zambiya]] wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wakiltar mutanen Zambiya waɗanda Gwamnati ta keta hakkinsu a lokacin. An haife ta kuma ta girma a birni na biyu mafi girma a Zambia, [[Kitwe]], ta zama mace ta farko ta Zambiya da ta sami Rhodes Scholarship kuma ita ce mace ta farko da aka nuna hotonta a bangon babban Gidan Rhodes na Jami'ar Oxford.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Austin |first=Henry |date=2015 |title=Zambian activist Lucy Banda becomes first female Rhodes scholar to have portrait displayed at Oxford University |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/zambian-activist-lucy-banda-becomes-first-female-rhodes-scholar-to-have-portrait-displayed-at-oxford-a6766946.html |website=[[Independent.co.uk]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2015 |title=Somervillian becomes the first female Rhodes Scholar to have portrait displayed at Rhodes House |url=http://www.some.ox.ac.uk/news/somervillian-becomes-the-first-female-rhodes-scholar-to-have-portrait-displayed-at-rhodes-house/ |website=[[Somerville College, Oxford]]}}</ref> Bayan samun BA a cikin Siyasa, Falsafa da Tattalin Arziki a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucy Banda Sichone Profile |url=http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-sichone-profile/ |access-date=7 September 2018 |website=rhodesproject.com}}</ref> Sichone ta koma Zambia inda ta fara aiki a matsayin lauya mai mayar da hankali kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Ta wakilci wasu ƙauyawa da aka raba da muhallansu waɗanda aka zarga da mamaye ƙasa ba bisa ƙa’ida ba, sannan ta kare su a kotu kyauta ba tare da karɓar kuɗi ba. A shekarar 1993, Sichone ta kafa ƙungiyar '''Zambia Civic Education Association (ZCEA)'''. Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce yaɗa ilimin haƙƙin ɗan Adam da na dimokuraɗiyya tare da tunatar da ‘yan Zambia cewa bai isa dimokuraɗiyya ta kasance a rubuce kawai ba, dole ne a aiwatar da ita a zahiri. Ƙungiyar ta kafa kungiyoyin wayar da kai da dama a makarantun sakandare a faɗin ƙasar. Manufar ta ita ce ta ƙarfafa tunanin matasa tun suna ƙanana, a lokacin da har yanzu suke da burika da mafarkai masu kyau..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chelwa |first=Grieve |date=2015 |title=Remembering Zambia's Lucy Sichone, conscience of the nation |url=http://africasacountry.com/2015/12/remembering-zambias-lucy-sichone-conscience-of-the-nation/}}</ref> Sichone ta kuma shiga harkar siyasa. Ta shiga jam’iyyar '''United National Independence Party (UNIP)''' jim kaɗan bayan jam’iyyar ta sha kaye a hannun jam’iyyar '''Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD)''' a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 1991. Duk da cewa ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a gwamnati, sau da yawa tana sukar gwamnati saboda neman muƙamin siyasa bai kasance babban burinta ba. Ta fice daga jam’iyyar UNIP a shekarar 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucy Sichone - IWMF |url=https://www.iwmf.org/community/lucy-sichone/ |access-date=2021-12-02 |website=www.iwmf.org |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lucy Sichone a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1954. Ta girma tare da mahaifin da ke da tsauri sosai game da iliminta. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da dangin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, ya yi sha'awar samun 'ya'yansa mata ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Lucy Banda Sichone Profile |url=http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-sichone-profile/ |website=Rhodes Project}}</ref> Lucy ta ci gaba da karatunta a makarantar sakandare ta mata. A shekara ta 1978 an yarda da ita a [[Jami'ar Zambia]] don karatun digiri na shari'a. Ta sami digiri a shekarar 1981 kuma ta sami tallafin karatu na Rhodes don yin karatu don digiri na Falsafa da Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar Oxford a Ingila. Sichone ta auri mijinta na farko a 1979, bayan 'yarsu, Martha, ta cika shekaru biyar. Bayan rasuwar mijinta ta fuskanci abin da ake kira "karɓar dukiya," al'ada ce da har yanzu ta zama ruwan dare a Afirka tare da kayan gida da dangin marigayi mijinta ke karɓa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Stop Violence Against Women |url=http://www.stopvaw.org/definition_of_property_grabbing_and_adverse_possession_3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Izumi |first=Kaori |year=2007 |title=Gender-based violence and property grabbing in Africa: A denial of women's liberty and security |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13552070601178823?journalCode=cgde20 |journal=Gender & Development |volume=15 |pages=11–23 |doi=10.1080/13552070601178823 |s2cid=145399609 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> "Hanyar da aka bar ni matalauta," Lucy ta rubuta wa Shugaban Kwalejin Somerville a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] bayan ta lashe [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Kyautar Rhodes]], "ta ba ni ra'ayin abin da nake so in yi... fara asibitin shari'a ga gwauraye da marayu. " Bugu da ƙari, saboda ta kasance cikin al'umma mai laushi 'ya'yanta na gefen mijinta na iyali. Koyaya, saboda iliminta na shari'a da gogewa, ta sami nasarar samun kula da 'ya'yanta huɗu. Shekaru goma bayan mutuwar mijinta na farko, Sichone ta auri mijinta na biyu. == Yunkurin zamantakewa == Lucy Sichone ta wakilci abokan ciniki da yawa da ke rufe batutuwa daban-daban ciki har da rikice-rikicen ƙasa na gwamnati da batutuwan sirri kamar waɗanda ta fuskanta a matsayin gwauruwa. A shekara ta 1993, ta kafa The Zambia Civic Education Association (ZCEA), kungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta da nufin karfafa 'yan ƙasar Zambiya wajen magance haƙƙin jama'a da alhakin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netzkraft Movement |url=https://www.netzkraft.net/profil.php?teilnehmer=880&lg=en |access-date=2021-12-02 |website=www.netzkraft.net}}</ref> An kafa ZCEA don inganta ci gaban tsarin dimokuradiyya a Zambia da kuma inganta adalci ta hanyar kara wayar da kan jama'a game da ayyukansu da alhakinsu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Sichone ya yi imanin cewa aiwatar da ayyuka da alhakin ne ke ba da hakkoki, gata da daidaito ga kowa a gaban doka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Women for Change |url=http://www.zla.org.zm/2014/07/zambia-civic-education-association-zcea/}}</ref> Sichone ya yanke shawarar shiga siyasa. Lokacin da mutane da yawa suka goyi bayan Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), jam'iyyar da ta lashe babban zaben 1991 wanda ya cire [[Kenneth Kaunda]] daga mulki, Sichone ya yanke shawarar shiga jam'iyyar United National Independence Party (UNIP). UNIP, bayan ta mallaki Zambia na tsawon shekaru 27 kuma ta rasa zaben 1991, tana raguwa. Koyaya, lokacin da ta bar jam'iyyar a cikin 1994, ta fara fuskantar matsaloli tare da 'yan uwan kwamitin tsakiya. A shekara ta 1993 ta fara ba da gudummawa ga jaridar yau da kullun mai zaman kanta ''The Post'' . Yayinda ginshiƙanta suka kalubalanci gwamnatin MMD da kuma yadda take amfani da tanadin kundin tsarin mulki, abubuwan da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba sun faru wadanda suka sa ta shiga cikin haske kuma suka tabbatar da matsayinta. A watan Fabrairun 1996, Sichone ya rubuta wani labarin mai taken "Miyanda ya manta game da bukatar adalci". Godfrey Miyanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kasuwancin gwamnati a majalisa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Remembering Zambia's Lucy Sichone, conscience of the nation |url=http://africasacountry.com/2015/12/remembering-zambias-lucy-sichone-conscience-of-the-nation/}}</ref> An bayar da umarni don kama Sichone tare da manajan editan jaridar da babban editan. Sichone da abokan aikinta guda biyu, manajan edita da babban edita na takarda, an tilasta su ɓoye don kauce wa ɗaurin kurkuku kan zargin raina majalisar bayan Majalisar Dokokin Zambiya. Bayan umarnin, akwai matsin lamba na kasa da kasa daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, 'yan jarida da kungiyoyin shari'a don yafe mata saboda tana da jariri mai watanni uku a wannan lokacin. Sauran biyu sun mika wuya ga hukumomi, amma Sichone bai yi ba kuma ya kasance yana ɓoye. Yayinda take da yawa, ta ci gaba da rubuta ginshiƙai ga The Post, kuma ta bayyana cewa ba za ta miƙa wuya ga dokar da ba ta dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba. Ta rubuta, "Yanci da aka keɓe a cikin Dokar 'Yancin ya sa ya zama aiki mai tsarki a gare ni don kare su har zuwa mutuwa. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=iwmf.org |url=http://www.iwmf.org/blog/1996/10/16/lucy-sichone-1996-courage-in-journalism-award/}}</ref> Ta zama Zambiya ta farko da ta lashe kyautar Gidauniyar Media ta Duniya Courage in Journalism a cikin 1996 don wannan labarin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Courage in journalism Award |url=http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-sichone-profile/}}</ref> Daga bisani ta ba da kanta kuma wani nau'i na tsagaita wuta ya kasance tsakanin ita da hukumomi. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1998, bayan mutuwarta, an dakatar da karar da Gwamnati ta yi wa masu gyara da marigayi Sichone bayan Kotun Koli ta kasa samar da quorum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia: Appeal Against Post Editors Adjourned |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/199812110035.html |website=[[All Africa]]}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Lucy Sichone ta mutu tana da shekaru 44 a [[Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'a (Lusaka, Zambiya)|Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar (UTH)]] a [[Lusaka]], a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1998. Babban editan ''The Post'', Fred M'membe, wanda shi ma aboki ne na kusa, ya ce Zambia ta rasa daya daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Post |date=1998 |title=Zambia Mourns Sichone |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/199808250065.html}}</ref> A cikin harajinsa, ɗan jarida Bright Mwape ya ce game da ita shekara guda kafin mutuwarsa a 1999, "Lucy ta yi wa kanta wasan kwaikwayo ga ƙananan mutane waɗanda suka yi mamakin kuma suka yi mamaki da ƙarfin zuciyarta ba tare da isasshen ƙarfin hali don ba da hannu ba. Ta yi yaƙi don kare rayukan wasu koda kuwa nata ta kasa. Mu mutane ne masu magana kuma wannan shine abin da Lucy ba ta kasance ba. Yaushe wata Lucy za ta rayu? ”<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-01-01 |title=Chola Bright Mwape Dies in Car Crash |url=https://cpj.org/1999/01/chola-bright-mwape-dies-in-car-crash/ |access-date=2021-12-02 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> Grieve Chelwa ya rubuta a cikin 2015, "Ina da damar saduwa da Lucy Sichone a cikin 1998, shekarar da ta mutu, yayin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka ga ɗaliban da suka yi abubuwa da yawa don inganta ilimin jama'a a makarantun su. Ta ba ni takardar shaidar da ke ɗauke da sa hannun ta kuma ta nemi duk masu karɓa a wannan rana su ci gaba da mafarkinta. " A cikin 2015, abokiyar Lucy kuma lauya Dokta Ann Olivarius ya ba da izinin hoto na Lucy don ratayewa a Rhodes House, gidan Oxford na tallafin karatu. The Rhodes Project kuma ya buga wani abin tunawa na Lucy da 'yarta, Martha Sichone Cameron.<ref>"Memory and perspective: Two accounts of the life of Lucy Banda Sichone," http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-two-perspectives. The other account was by Colette Gunn-Graffy.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0mso9xf9cx0yu6env7s9wss36zml8f4 839231 839230 2026-05-23T04:51:27Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Lucy Sichone | birth_date = 15 May 1954 | birth_place = [[Kitwe]] | death_date = August 24, 1998 | death_place = [[University Teaching Hospital]], [[Lusaka]] | citizenship = Zambia | education = Politics, Philosophy and Economics | alma_mater = [[ Somerville College, Oxford]] | occupation = Civil right activist | awards = Rhodes Scholarship }} '''Lucy Banda-Sichone''' (1954-1998) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama ta [[Zambiya]] wacce ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen wakiltar mutanen Zambiya waɗanda Gwamnati ta keta hakkinsu a lokacin. An haife ta kuma ta girma a birni na biyu mafi girma a Zambia, [[Kitwe]], ta zama mace ta farko ta Zambiya da ta sami Rhodes Scholarship kuma ita ce mace ta farko da aka nuna hotonta a bangon babban Gidan Rhodes na Jami'ar Oxford.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Austin |first=Henry |date=2015 |title=Zambian activist Lucy Banda becomes first female Rhodes scholar to have portrait displayed at Oxford University |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/zambian-activist-lucy-banda-becomes-first-female-rhodes-scholar-to-have-portrait-displayed-at-oxford-a6766946.html |website=[[Independent.co.uk]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2015 |title=Somervillian becomes the first female Rhodes Scholar to have portrait displayed at Rhodes House |url=http://www.some.ox.ac.uk/news/somervillian-becomes-the-first-female-rhodes-scholar-to-have-portrait-displayed-at-rhodes-house/ |website=[[Somerville College, Oxford]]}}</ref> Bayan samun BA a cikin Siyasa, Falsafa da Tattalin Arziki a Kwalejin Somerville, Oxford, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucy Banda Sichone Profile |url=http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-sichone-profile/ |access-date=7 September 2018 |website=rhodesproject.com}}</ref> Sichone ta koma Zambia inda ta fara aiki a matsayin lauya mai mayar da hankali kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Ta wakilci wasu ƙauyawa da aka raba da muhallansu waɗanda aka zarga da mamaye ƙasa ba bisa ƙa’ida ba, sannan ta kare su a kotu kyauta ba tare da karɓar kuɗi ba. A shekarar 1993, Sichone ta kafa ƙungiyar '''Zambia Civic Education Association (ZCEA)'''. Manufar ƙungiyar ita ce yaɗa ilimin haƙƙin ɗan Adam da na dimokuraɗiyya tare da tunatar da ‘yan Zambia cewa bai isa dimokuraɗiyya ta kasance a rubuce kawai ba, dole ne a aiwatar da ita a zahiri. Ƙungiyar ta kafa kungiyoyin wayar da kai da dama a makarantun sakandare a faɗin ƙasar. Manufar ta ita ce ta ƙarfafa tunanin matasa tun suna ƙanana, a lokacin da har yanzu suke da burika da mafarkai masu kyau..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chelwa |first=Grieve |date=2015 |title=Remembering Zambia's Lucy Sichone, conscience of the nation |url=http://africasacountry.com/2015/12/remembering-zambias-lucy-sichone-conscience-of-the-nation/}}</ref> Sichone ta kuma shiga harkar siyasa. Ta shiga jam’iyyar '''United National Independence Party (UNIP)''' jim kaɗan bayan jam’iyyar ta sha kaye a hannun jam’iyyar '''Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD)''' a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekarar 1991. Duk da cewa ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban a gwamnati, sau da yawa tana sukar gwamnati saboda neman muƙamin siyasa bai kasance babban burinta ba. Ta fice daga jam’iyyar UNIP a shekarar 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucy Sichone - IWMF |url=https://www.iwmf.org/community/lucy-sichone/ |access-date=2021-12-02 |website=www.iwmf.org |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lucy Sichone a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1954. Ta girma tare da mahaifin da ke da tsauri sosai game da iliminta. Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da dangin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, ya yi sha'awar samun 'ya'yansa mata ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Lucy Banda Sichone Profile |url=http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-sichone-profile/ |website=Rhodes Project}}</ref> Lucy ta ci gaba da karatunta a makarantar sakandare ta mata. A shekara ta 1978 an yarda da ita a [[Jami'ar Zambia]] don karatun digiri na shari'a. Ta sami digiri a shekarar 1981 kuma ta sami tallafin karatu na Rhodes don yin karatu don digiri na Falsafa da Tattalin Arziki a Jami'ar Oxford a Ingila. Sichone ta auri mijinta na farko a 1979, bayan 'yarsu, Martha, ta cika shekaru biyar. Bayan rasuwar mijinta ta fuskanci abin da ake kira "karɓar dukiya," al'ada ce da har yanzu ta zama ruwan dare a Afirka tare da kayan gida da dangin marigayi mijinta ke karɓa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Stop Violence Against Women |url=http://www.stopvaw.org/definition_of_property_grabbing_and_adverse_possession_3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Izumi |first=Kaori |year=2007 |title=Gender-based violence and property grabbing in Africa: A denial of women's liberty and security |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13552070601178823?journalCode=cgde20 |journal=Gender & Development |volume=15 |pages=11–23 |doi=10.1080/13552070601178823 |s2cid=145399609 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> "Hanyar da aka bar ni matalauta," Lucy ta rubuta wa Shugaban Kwalejin Somerville a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] bayan ta lashe [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Kyautar Rhodes]], "ta ba ni ra'ayin abin da nake so in yi... fara asibitin shari'a ga gwauraye da marayu. " Bugu da ƙari, saboda ta kasance cikin al'umma mai laushi 'ya'yanta na gefen mijinta na iyali. Koyaya, saboda iliminta na shari'a da gogewa, ta sami nasarar samun kula da 'ya'yanta huɗu. Shekaru goma bayan mutuwar mijinta na farko, Sichone ta auri mijinta na biyu. == Yunkurin zamantakewa == Lucy Sichone ta wakilci abokan ciniki da yawa da ke rufe batutuwa daban-daban ciki har da rikice-rikicen ƙasa na gwamnati da batutuwan sirri kamar waɗanda ta fuskanta a matsayin gwauruwa. A shekara ta 1993, ta kafa The Zambia Civic Education Association (ZCEA), kungiya mai zaman kanta mai zaman kanta da nufin karfafa 'yan ƙasar Zambiya wajen magance haƙƙin jama'a da alhakin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netzkraft Movement |url=https://www.netzkraft.net/profil.php?teilnehmer=880&lg=en |access-date=2021-12-02 |website=www.netzkraft.net}}</ref> An kafa ZCEA don inganta ci gaban tsarin dimokuradiyya a Zambia da kuma inganta adalci ta hanyar kara wayar da kan jama'a game da ayyukansu da alhakinsu a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Sichone ya yi imanin cewa aiwatar da ayyuka da alhakin ne ke ba da hakkoki, gata da daidaito ga kowa a gaban doka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Women for Change |url=http://www.zla.org.zm/2014/07/zambia-civic-education-association-zcea/}}</ref> Sichone ya yanke shawarar shiga siyasa. Lokacin da mutane da yawa suka goyi bayan Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), jam'iyyar da ta lashe babban zaben 1991 wanda ya cire [[Kenneth Kaunda]] daga mulki, Sichone ya yanke shawarar shiga jam'iyyar United National Independence Party (UNIP). UNIP, bayan ta mallaki Zambia na tsawon shekaru 27 kuma ta rasa zaben 1991, tana raguwa. Koyaya, lokacin da ta bar jam'iyyar a cikin 1994, ta fara fuskantar matsaloli tare da 'yan uwan kwamitin tsakiya. A shekara ta 1993 ta fara ba da gudummawa ga jaridar yau da kullun mai zaman kanta ''The Post'' . Yayinda ginshiƙanta suka kalubalanci gwamnatin MMD da kuma yadda take amfani da tanadin kundin tsarin mulki, abubuwan da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba sun faru wadanda suka sa ta shiga cikin haske kuma suka tabbatar da matsayinta. A watan Fabrairun 1996, Sichone ya rubuta wani labarin mai taken "Miyanda ya manta game da bukatar adalci". Godfrey Miyanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kasa kuma shugaban kasuwancin gwamnati a majalisa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Remembering Zambia's Lucy Sichone, conscience of the nation |url=http://africasacountry.com/2015/12/remembering-zambias-lucy-sichone-conscience-of-the-nation/}}</ref> An bayar da umarni don kama Sichone tare da manajan editan jaridar da babban editan. Sichone da abokan aikinta guda biyu, manajan edita da babban edita na takarda, an tilasta su ɓoye don kauce wa ɗaurin kurkuku kan zargin raina majalisar bayan Majalisar Dokokin Zambiya. Bayan umarnin, akwai matsin lamba na kasa da kasa daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, 'yan jarida da kungiyoyin shari'a don yafe mata saboda tana da jariri mai watanni uku a wannan lokacin. Sauran biyu sun mika wuya ga hukumomi, amma Sichone bai yi ba kuma ya kasance yana ɓoye. Yayinda take da yawa, ta ci gaba da rubuta ginshiƙai ga The Post, kuma ta bayyana cewa ba za ta miƙa wuya ga dokar da ba ta dace da kundin tsarin mulki ba. Ta rubuta, "Yanci da aka keɓe a cikin Dokar 'Yancin ya sa ya zama aiki mai tsarki a gare ni don kare su har zuwa mutuwa. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=iwmf.org |url=http://www.iwmf.org/blog/1996/10/16/lucy-sichone-1996-courage-in-journalism-award/}}</ref> Ta zama Zambiya ta farko da ta lashe kyautar Gidauniyar Media ta Duniya Courage in Journalism a cikin 1996 don wannan labarin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Courage in journalism Award |url=http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-sichone-profile/}}</ref> Daga bisani ta ba da kanta kuma wani nau'i na tsagaita wuta ya kasance tsakanin ita da hukumomi. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1998, bayan mutuwarta, an dakatar da karar da Gwamnati ta yi wa masu gyara da marigayi Sichone bayan Kotun Koli ta kasa samar da quorum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia: Appeal Against Post Editors Adjourned |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/199812110035.html |website=[[All Africa]]}}</ref> == Mutuwa da gado == Lucy Sichone ta mutu tana da shekaru 44 a [[Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'a (Lusaka, Zambiya)|Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar (UTH)]] a [[Lusaka]], a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1998. Babban editan ''The Post'', Fred M'membe, wanda shi ma aboki ne na kusa, ya ce Zambia ta rasa daya daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=The Post |date=1998 |title=Zambia Mourns Sichone |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/199808250065.html}}</ref> A cikin harajinsa, ɗan jarida Bright Mwape ya ce game da ita shekara guda kafin mutuwarsa a 1999, "Lucy ta yi wa kanta wasan kwaikwayo ga ƙananan mutane waɗanda suka yi mamakin kuma suka yi mamaki da ƙarfin zuciyarta ba tare da isasshen ƙarfin hali don ba da hannu ba. Ta yi yaƙi don kare rayukan wasu koda kuwa nata ta kasa. Mu mutane ne masu magana kuma wannan shine abin da Lucy ba ta kasance ba. Yaushe wata Lucy za ta rayu? ”<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-01-01 |title=Chola Bright Mwape Dies in Car Crash |url=https://cpj.org/1999/01/chola-bright-mwape-dies-in-car-crash/ |access-date=2021-12-02 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> Grieve Chelwa ya rubuta a cikin 2015, "Ina da damar saduwa da Lucy Sichone a cikin 1998, shekarar da ta mutu, yayin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka ga ɗaliban da suka yi abubuwa da yawa don inganta ilimin jama'a a makarantun su. Ta ba ni takardar shaidar da ke ɗauke da sa hannun ta kuma ta nemi duk masu karɓa a wannan rana su ci gaba da mafarkinta. " A cikin 2015, abokiyar Lucy kuma lauya Dokta Ann Olivarius ya ba da izinin hoto na Lucy don ratayewa a Rhodes House, gidan Oxford na tallafin karatu. The Rhodes Project kuma ya buga wani abin tunawa na Lucy da 'yarta, Martha Sichone Cameron.<ref>"Memory and perspective: Two accounts of the life of Lucy Banda Sichone," http://rhodesproject.com/lucy-banda-two-perspectives. The other account was by Colette Gunn-Graffy.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n5m62bxmnfmvpx94byw3ua8la9bkxwt 0 152052 839233 2026-05-23T05:04:32Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348282248|Princess Kasune]]" 839233 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Princess Kasune Zulu''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1975 <ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref>) 'yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Zambia kuma mamba a Majalisar Dokokin Zambia mai wakiltar mazaɓar Keembe tun daga shekarar 2016. Ta shahara a matsayin mai fafutukar yaƙi da cutar kanjamau (AIDS), kuma ita ce mamba ta farko a Majalisar Dokokin Zambia da ta bayyana a fili cewa tana rayuwa da wannan cuta.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=2016-11-30 |title=Zambia's HIV 'warrior' MP taking on taboos |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38155771 |access-date=2025-07-29 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Princess Kasune a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1975 a garin Kabwe. Ita ‘yar wani kwamandan rundunar ‘yan sandan layin dogo ta Zambia ce. An tashe ta kuma aka ba ta ilimi ne a matsayin mabiya ɗariƙar Roman Katolika.<ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 "Princess Kasune"]. ''National Assembly of Zambia''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin annobar cutar kanjamau ta Zambiya, lokacin da take da shekaru 17, mahaifiyarta ta mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamaun daji, nan da nan mahaifinta ya biyo baya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017-01-11 |title=Zambia : I have lived exactly 20 years with HIV-Princess Kasune Zulu |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2017/01/11/lived-exactly-20-years-hiv-princess-kasune-zulu/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Lusaka Times |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Spotlight |date=2025-02-19 |title=Princess Kasune Zulu: Positive Living |url=https://spotlightenglish.com/health-medicine/princess-kasune-zulu-positive-living/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Spotlight English |language=en-US}}</ref> Gimbiya Kasune ta yi aure lokacin da take da shekaru 18; mijinta, Moffat Zulu, ya riga ya rasa matansa biyu na baya ga cutar kanjamau.<ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1997, ta yi gwajin cutar kanjamau wanda ya fito da tabbatacce, wanda ya sa ta fara rayuwar gwagwarmayar cutar kanjamawa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Da farko ta ɗauki hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar ba da bayyanar karuwa da kuma ɗagawa tare da direbobin manyan motoci masu nisa, waɗanda za su yi lacca game da muhimmancin amfani da kwaroron roba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Webb |first=Carolyn |date=2011-03-07 |title=Princess Zulu, a 'warrior' in a royal fight to find a cure for HIV |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/princess-zulu-a-warrior-in-a-royal-fight-to-find-a-cure-for-hiv-20110307-1bl7g.html |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta a matsayin jakada ga Shirin Bincike na Duniya na Duniya, kuma a wannan matsayin ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a 1993 don saduwa da Shugaba George H. W. Bush kuma ta shawo kansa ya ba da dala biliyan 15 don yaki da cutar kanjamau a Afirka.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> An kuma zaba ta a matsayin wakili a cikin 2005 "Women and AIDS U.S. Tour: Empower Women, Save Lives," yawon shakatawa da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta tallafawa. Ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Positive Living, shirin rediyo mai alaƙa da kiwon lafiya.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Spotlight |date=2025-02-19 |title=Princess Kasune Zulu: Positive Living |url=https://spotlightenglish.com/health-medicine/princess-kasune-zulu-positive-living/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Spotlight English |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSpotlight2025">Spotlight (2025-02-19). [https://spotlightenglish.com/health-medicine/princess-kasune-zulu-positive-living/ "Princess Kasune Zulu: Positive Living"]. ''Spotlight English''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-07-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2016, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta Zambia don mazabar Keembe, a matsayin memba ne na United Party for National Development . <ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 "Princess Kasune"]. ''National Assembly of Zambia''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> A matsayin daya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko a Majalisar, ta sanar da cewa tana rayuwa da cutar kanjamau tun 1997 - memba na farko na majalisa da ya bayyana matsayin su na cutar kanjamaun.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Zambian Princess Kasune Zulu gives lecture |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/zambian-princess-kasune-zulu-gives-lecture |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> An sake zabar ta a mazabar Keembe a shekarar 2021.<ref name="NAZ" /> A ranar 25 ga Satumba 2023, Shugaba Hakainde Hichilema ya nada Gimbiya Kasune a matsayin Ministan Lardin Tsakiya (wanda ya maye gurbin Credo Nanjuwa, wanda aka nada shi a matsayin Minista na Lardin Kudancin) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title=My appointment comes with hope – Kasune |url=https://diggers.news/local/2023/09/27/my-appointment-comes-with-hope-kasune/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2024, an nada Kasune a zama Ministan Shari'a na farko na gundumar, wanda ya maye gurbi Mulambo Haimbe, wanda aka sauya shi zuwa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Unexpected ministerial appointment humbles Kasune |url=https://diggers.news/local/2024/06/13/unexpected-ministerial-appointment-humbles-kasune/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Times of Zambia {{!}} HH reshuffles Cabinet …as Kasune becomes Zambia's first female Justice Minister |url=https://www.times.co.zm/?p=132853 |access-date=2024-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Gimbiya Kasune tana da digiri na biyu a cikin [[allahntaka]], da kuma Masters a cikin Gudanar da Rashin Amfani. <ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 "Princess Kasune"]. ''National Assembly of Zambia''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 03zquctp7ycwrofmt9qpzrg21mwj7bc 839234 839233 2026-05-23T05:05:38Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Princess Kasane | office = [[Ministry of Justice (Zambia)|Minister of Justice]] | term_start = 5 June 2024 | term_end = | president = [[Hakainde Hichilema]] | image = | caption = | office2 = [[provincial minister (Zambia)|Provincial Minister]] for [[Central Province, Zambia|Central Province]] | predecessor2 = [[Credo Nanjuwa]] | successor2 = [[Mwabashike Nkulukusa]] | term_start2 = 25 September 2023 | term_end2 = 5 June 2024 | office3 = [[National Assembly of Zambia|Member of the National Assembly]] for [[Keembe]] | predecessor3 = [[Ronald Shikapwasha]] | successor3 = | term_start3 = August 2016 | term_end3 = | party = [[United Party for National Development]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1975|11|12}} | birth_place = [[Kabwe]], [[Zambia]] | spouse = | alma_mater = [[University of Zambia]] | predecessor = [[Mulambo Haimbe]] | occupation = Politician | successor = }} '''Princess Kasune Zulu''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1975 <ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref>) 'yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Zambia kuma mamba a Majalisar Dokokin Zambia mai wakiltar mazaɓar Keembe tun daga shekarar 2016. Ta shahara a matsayin mai fafutukar yaƙi da cutar kanjamau (AIDS), kuma ita ce mamba ta farko a Majalisar Dokokin Zambia da ta bayyana a fili cewa tana rayuwa da wannan cuta.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |date=2016-11-30 |title=Zambia's HIV 'warrior' MP taking on taboos |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38155771 |access-date=2025-07-29 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Princess Kasune a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1975 a garin Kabwe. Ita ‘yar wani kwamandan rundunar ‘yan sandan layin dogo ta Zambia ce. An tashe ta kuma aka ba ta ilimi ne a matsayin mabiya ɗariƙar Roman Katolika.<ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 "Princess Kasune"]. ''National Assembly of Zambia''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin annobar cutar kanjamau ta Zambiya, lokacin da take da shekaru 17, mahaifiyarta ta mutu sakamakon cutar kanjamaun daji, nan da nan mahaifinta ya biyo baya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017-01-11 |title=Zambia : I have lived exactly 20 years with HIV-Princess Kasune Zulu |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2017/01/11/lived-exactly-20-years-hiv-princess-kasune-zulu/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Lusaka Times |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Spotlight |date=2025-02-19 |title=Princess Kasune Zulu: Positive Living |url=https://spotlightenglish.com/health-medicine/princess-kasune-zulu-positive-living/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Spotlight English |language=en-US}}</ref> Gimbiya Kasune ta yi aure lokacin da take da shekaru 18; mijinta, Moffat Zulu, ya riga ya rasa matansa biyu na baya ga cutar kanjamau.<ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1997, ta yi gwajin cutar kanjamau wanda ya fito da tabbatacce, wanda ya sa ta fara rayuwar gwagwarmayar cutar kanjamawa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Da farko ta ɗauki hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar ba da bayyanar karuwa da kuma ɗagawa tare da direbobin manyan motoci masu nisa, waɗanda za su yi lacca game da muhimmancin amfani da kwaroron roba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Webb |first=Carolyn |date=2011-03-07 |title=Princess Zulu, a 'warrior' in a royal fight to find a cure for HIV |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/princess-zulu-a-warrior-in-a-royal-fight-to-find-a-cure-for-hiv-20110307-1bl7g.html |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta a matsayin jakada ga Shirin Bincike na Duniya na Duniya, kuma a wannan matsayin ta yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a 1993 don saduwa da Shugaba George H. W. Bush kuma ta shawo kansa ya ba da dala biliyan 15 don yaki da cutar kanjamau a Afirka.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /> An kuma zaba ta a matsayin wakili a cikin 2005 "Women and AIDS U.S. Tour: Empower Women, Save Lives," yawon shakatawa da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta tallafawa. Ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin Positive Living, shirin rediyo mai alaƙa da kiwon lafiya.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Spotlight |date=2025-02-19 |title=Princess Kasune Zulu: Positive Living |url=https://spotlightenglish.com/health-medicine/princess-kasune-zulu-positive-living/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Spotlight English |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSpotlight2025">Spotlight (2025-02-19). [https://spotlightenglish.com/health-medicine/princess-kasune-zulu-positive-living/ "Princess Kasune Zulu: Positive Living"]. ''Spotlight English''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-07-29</span></span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2016, an zabe ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta Zambia don mazabar Keembe, a matsayin memba ne na United Party for National Development . <ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 "Princess Kasune"]. ''National Assembly of Zambia''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> A matsayin daya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko a Majalisar, ta sanar da cewa tana rayuwa da cutar kanjamau tun 1997 - memba na farko na majalisa da ya bayyana matsayin su na cutar kanjamaun.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Zambian Princess Kasune Zulu gives lecture |url=https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2017/zambian-princess-kasune-zulu-gives-lecture |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=[[University of Edinburgh]]}}</ref> An sake zabar ta a mazabar Keembe a shekarar 2021.<ref name="NAZ" /> A ranar 25 ga Satumba 2023, Shugaba Hakainde Hichilema ya nada Gimbiya Kasune a matsayin Ministan Lardin Tsakiya (wanda ya maye gurbin Credo Nanjuwa, wanda aka nada shi a matsayin Minista na Lardin Kudancin) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-27 |title=My appointment comes with hope – Kasune |url=https://diggers.news/local/2023/09/27/my-appointment-comes-with-hope-kasune/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}</ref> kuma a ranar 5 ga Yuni 2024, an nada Kasune a zama Ministan Shari'a na farko na gundumar, wanda ya maye gurbi Mulambo Haimbe, wanda aka sauya shi zuwa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-13 |title=Unexpected ministerial appointment humbles Kasune |url=https://diggers.news/local/2024/06/13/unexpected-ministerial-appointment-humbles-kasune/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Zambia: News Diggers! |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Times of Zambia {{!}} HH reshuffles Cabinet …as Kasune becomes Zambia's first female Justice Minister |url=https://www.times.co.zm/?p=132853 |access-date=2024-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Gimbiya Kasune tana da digiri na biyu a cikin [[allahntaka]], da kuma Masters a cikin Gudanar da Rashin Amfani. <ref name="NAZ">{{Cite web |title=Princess Kasune |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 |access-date=11 April 2019 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/5314 "Princess Kasune"]. ''National Assembly of Zambia''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 8ic4aa6qm3z1o0cd85ch0e651zbu48q 0 152053 839235 2026-05-23T05:20:52Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340901203|Beatrice Mtetwa]]" 839235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatrice Mtetwa''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1957) lauya ce daga ƙasar Zimbabwe wadda ta samu karɓuwa a duniya saboda kare ‘yan jarida da kuma fafutukar tabbatar da ‘yancin aikin jarida.. ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' ta bayyana ta a shekarar 2008 a matsayin "babban lauyan kare hakkin dan adam na Zimbabwe".<ref name="NYT">{{Cite web |last=Barry Bearak |date=2008 |title=In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/world/africa/27bearak.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> == Ayyukan shari'a == An haife ta ne a [[Eswatini|Swaziland]], <ref>{{Cite journal |year=2012 |title=2011 Inamori Ethics Prize, Recipient, (2012) "Beatrice Mtetwa" |url=https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=ijel |format=PDF |journal=The International Journal of Ethical Leadership |volume=1 |issue=1 |via=[[Case Western Reserve University]]}}</ref> Mtetwa ta samu digirin LLB ɗinta daga Jami’ar Botswana da [[Swaziland]] a shekarar 1981, sannan ta shafe shekaru biyu masu zuwa tana aiki a matsayin lauya mai gabatar da ƙara a ƙasar Swaziland. <ref name="ABA">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Mtetwa Wins 2010 International Human Rights Award |url=http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920195816/http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=American Bar Association Section of Litigation}}</ref> A shekara ta 1983, ta koma Zimbabwe, inda ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara har zuwa shekara ta 1989.<ref name="ABA" /> A wannan shekarar, ta shiga aikin sirri, kuma nan da nan ta fara ƙwarewa a cikin dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref name="ABA" /> A daya daga cikin sanannun shari'o'in da ta fi sani, ta samu nasarar kalubalantar wani sashi na Dokar Kungiyoyin Sa kai na Zimbabwe wanda ya ba ministan gwamnati ikon rushewa ko maye gurbin mambobin kwamitin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.<ref name="ABA" /> Ta kuma kalubalanci sakamakon gundumomi 37 a zaben 'yan majalisa na 2000.<ref name="ABA" /> A cikin wani shirin [[PBS]], Mtetwa ta bayyana dalilin da ta yi na gwagwarmayarta a matsayin "ba saboda akwai ɗaukaka ko tsabar kudi a ciki ba kuma ba saboda ina ƙoƙarin tsayayya da gwamnati ba... Ina yin hakan saboda aikin da ya kamata a yi".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title='Zimbabwe: Shadows and Lies' |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/zimbabwe504/interview_beatrice.html |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=PBS Frontline}}</ref> An san Mtetwa musamman saboda kare 'yan jarida da aka kama, na cikin gida da na duniya.<ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, alal misali, ta lashe umarnin kotu wanda ya hana korar mai ba da rahoto na Guardian Andrew Meldrum, ta gabatar da shi ga jami'''[[The Guardian|Mai Tsaro]]'' a Filin jirgin saman Harare Minti kaɗan kafin a shirya jirgin Meldrum ya tashi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2005 |title=Zimbabwe's feisty freedom fighter |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4354094.stm |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Ta kuma sami 'yanci ga' yan jarida da aka tsare Toby Harnden da Julian Simmonds daga London's Sunday Telegraph, waɗanda aka kama yayin da suke ɗaukar hoto game da zaben majalisar Afrilu kan zargin aiki ba tare da izinin gwamnati ba.<ref name="CPJ" /> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, ta sami sakin mai ba da rahoto na ''New York Times'' Barry Bearak, wanda aka daure shi a kan irin wannan zargi.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite web |last=Barry Bearak |date=2008 |title=In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/world/africa/27bearak.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=The New York Times}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarry_Bearak2008">Barry Bearak (2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/world/africa/27bearak.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all "In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal"]. ''The New York Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kuma kare 'yan jarida da yawa da aka kama a lokacin da aka fara zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2008. <ref name="CPJ2">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=CPJ to honor five international journalists |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref> Mtetwa kuma darektan ne wanda ke zaune a kan kwamitin Econet . Mtetwa da Tawanda Nyambirai sun kafa Mtetwa & Nyambirai Legal Practitioners a cikin 2006 kuma sun kafa kanta a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin lauyoyi na Zimbabwe. Tarihin Mtetwa & Nyambirai yana cike da manyan shari'o'i a fannoni da yawa na doka. Tare da Econet Wireless's mafi girman kamfanin sadarwa a Zimbabwe kasancewa kamfanonin da suka fi shahara abokan ciniki, sunan Econet ya bayyana a yawancin waɗannan batutuwan. Wadannan sun hada da shari'o'i kamar su Econet Wireless v Trustco Mobile, da Derdale v Econet Wir Wireless wanda yanzu shine shari'ar da ta dace a kan ikon Babban Kotun a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Zimbabwe na 2013. Kamfanin Mtetwa ya shiga cikin manyan shari'o'in kare hakkin dan adam kuma, Musamman, ya taimaka wajen dawo da mai fafutuka Jestina Mukoko - wanda aka tsare shi ba tare da sadarwa ba kuma aka azabtar da shi kusan wata daya a cikin 2008. Mtetwa daga baya ta kula da jerin shari'o'in da suka biyo baya, gami da tabbatar da dakatar da gurfanar da Mukoko da kuma kai karar masu garkuwa da ita don lalacewar kansu. A cikin shekaru, Mtetwa da Nyambirai sun girma sun zama cikakken kamfanin lauya tare da ikon kula da al'amuran da suka shafi dukkan fannoni na dokar Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mtetwa and Nyambirai Law Firm |url=http://mandn.co.zw/index.html |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=mandn.co.zw}} </ref> == Kurkuku, hare-hare da barazanar == A shekara ta 2003, an kama Mtetwa kan zargin tuki cikin maye. A ofishin 'yan sanda, an ruwaito cewa an yi mata duka kuma an gurgunta ta kafin a sake ta bayan sa'o'i uku ba tare da tuhuma ba. Ko da yake ba ta iya magana na kwana biyu bayan harin ba, ta dawo a rana ta uku tare da fayil ɗin shaidar likita don gabatar da tuhuma a kan jami'an 'yan sanda da suka kai mata hari.<ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php "IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Jami'an 'yan sanda sun sake kai hari kan Mtetwa a shekara ta 2007, inda suka doke ta da abokan aiki uku da sandunan roba yayin wani yunkuri na nuna rashin amincewa da cin zarafin lauyoyin Zimbabwe.<ref name="CPJ2">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=CPJ to honor five international journalists |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php "CPJ to honor five international journalists"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 16 September 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2007 |title=Zimbabwe police assault lawyers |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6635151.stm |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A wata hira da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida, Mtetwa ta bayyana yadda take hana hare-haren da za su iya kaiwa:<blockquote>"Ina tsammanin ina fuskantar haɗarin nan da nan kafin ya faru. Kullum ina tabbatar da cewa idan, alal misali, an kira ni a tsakiyar dare zuwa wani yanayi wanda zai iya zama haɗari, ina tabbatar da leswaku akwai masu aikin watsa labarai da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, musamman don yin rikodin abin da zai faru a can. Kuma a cikin hasken kyamarori ina ganin cewa mutane ba sa so su yi abin da za su yi. Don haka a hanyoyi da yawa ina tsammanin na sami sa'a, kuma ban sami masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ba, ko kuma ba. "<ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php "IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref></blockquote>A ranar 17 ga Maris 2013, an kama Mtetwa yayin da take gudanar da aikinta na ƙwararriyar lauya. Tana taimaka wa wani abokin cinikinta ne wanda ‘yan sanda suka kai wa samame a gidansa domin bincike. An kama Mtetwa ne bayan ta nemi a nuna mata sahihin sammacin bincike da kuma jerin kayayyakin da tuni aka kwashe daga gidan. An kuma ƙwace wayarta ta hannu, wadda take ɗauke da saƙonnin sirri tsakanin lauya da wanda take karewa. An tuhume ta da hana ko kuma kawo cikas ga gudanar da adalci ƙarƙashin dokar '''Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act''', sashe na 184(1)(g). 'Yan sanda na Zimbabwe sun kalubalanci hukuncin kotun gaggawa da ya ba da umarnin sakin Mtetwa kuma sun ci gaba da riƙe ta kan zargin hana adalci. Bayan fiye da mako guda a kurkuku, an saki Mtetwa a ranar Litinin 25 ga Maris 2013 bayan wani babban alƙali na kotun ya soke hukuncin da kotun ta yanke cewa za a tsare ta ba tare da beli ba a kan zargin hana adalci. A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2013, Alkalin R Bloody Mugwagwa ya ce Mtetwa ba shi da wata shari'a da zai amsa. Mai shari'a Mugwagwa ya gano cewa babu wata shaida da za ta nuna cewa Mtetwa ya sa 'yan sanda su kasa yin ayyukansu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2013 |title=Magistrate Acquits Top Zimbabwe Human Rights Lawyer |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-charges-dropped-no-case-to-answer-beatrice-mtetwa-/1797954.html |access-date=2019-10-30 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> == Sanarwar kasa da kasa == A shekara ta 2005, ta lashe lambar yabo ta 'yancin' yan jarida ta kasa da kasa ta kwamitin kare 'yan jarida. <ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php "IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Bayanan lambar yabo ya bayyana cewa "a cikin ƙasa inda ake amfani da doka a matsayin makami a kan 'yan jarida masu zaman kansu, Mtetwa ta kare' yan jarida kuma ta yi jayayya da' yancin yada labarai, duk suna cikin babban haɗari. " <ref name="CPJ" /> Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Burton Benjamin Memorial Award for Lifetime Achievement a shekara ta 2008. <ref name="CPJ2">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=CPJ to honor five international journalists |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php "CPJ to honor five international journalists"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 16 September 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> An kuma sami kyaututtuka da yawa daga kungiyoyin shari'a. A shekara ta 2009, [[European Bar Human Rights Institute|Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai]] ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize ("Lambar da lauyoyi suka ba lauya"), wanda aka tanada a kowace shekara ga lauya wanda a duk lokacin da yake aiki ya kwatanta, ta hanyar aiki ko wahala, kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIX INTERNATIONAL DES DROITS DE L'HOMME LUDOVIC TRARIEUX |url=http://www.ludovictrarieux.org/ |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=www.ludovictrarieux.org}}</ref> Mtetwa ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta 2010 ta American Bar Association . <ref name="ABA">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Mtetwa Wins 2010 International Human Rights Award |url=http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920195816/http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=American Bar Association Section of Litigation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160920195816/http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html "Mtetwa Wins 2010 International Human Rights Award"]. American Bar Association Section of Litigation. 2010. Archived from [http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html the original] on 20 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2011, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Inamori Ethics Prize daga Jami'ar Case Western Reserve a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Recipients |url=http://case.edu/events/inamori/prize/pastrecipients.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208115222/http://case.edu/events/inamori/prize/pastrecipients.html |archive-date=8 February 2012 |access-date=10 September 2012 |publisher=Case Western Reserve University}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Mata ta Duniya ta Ƙarfin Ƙarfin . [http://www.stfx.ca Jami'ar St. Francis Xavier], da ke Nova Scotia, Kanada, ita ce jami'a ta farko da ta yi bikin nasarorin da Mtetwa ta samu ta hanyar gabatar da ita da digiri na girmamawa a watan Mayu 2013. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, Jami'ar Bath a Ingila ta ba Mtetwa lambar yabo ta Doctor of Laws (LLD) don nuna godiya ga aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary graduates, 2010 to present |url=https://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/honorary-graduates-2010-to-present/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217192436/http://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/honorary-graduates-2010-to-present/ |archive-date=2018-02-17 |access-date=2019-10-30 |website=www.bath.ac.uk}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2016, [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] a Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Mtetwa lambar yabo ta Doctor of Laws (LLD) don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da ta samu wajen ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Zimbabwe. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 76anlqhfxpmv5lj9ng1wrbrrukuhvj6 839236 839235 2026-05-23T05:21:45Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Beatrice Mtetwa | image = Beatrice Mtetwa of Zimbabwe - 2014 IWOC Awardee.png | alt = | caption = Mtetwa in 2014 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1957}} | birth_place = | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | other_names = | known_for = Human rights work | occupation = Lawyer | awards = [[CPJ International Press Freedom Awards|International Press Freedom Award]] (2005)<br/>[[Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize]] (2009) | alma_mater = [[University of Botswana and Swaziland]] }} '''Beatrice Mtetwa''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1957) lauya ce daga ƙasar Zimbabwe wadda ta samu karɓuwa a duniya saboda kare ‘yan jarida da kuma fafutukar tabbatar da ‘yancin aikin jarida.. ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' ta bayyana ta a shekarar 2008 a matsayin "babban lauyan kare hakkin dan adam na Zimbabwe".<ref name="NYT">{{Cite web |last=Barry Bearak |date=2008 |title=In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/world/africa/27bearak.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> == Ayyukan shari'a == An haife ta ne a [[Eswatini|Swaziland]], <ref>{{Cite journal |year=2012 |title=2011 Inamori Ethics Prize, Recipient, (2012) "Beatrice Mtetwa" |url=https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=ijel |format=PDF |journal=The International Journal of Ethical Leadership |volume=1 |issue=1 |via=[[Case Western Reserve University]]}}</ref> Mtetwa ta samu digirin LLB ɗinta daga Jami’ar Botswana da [[Swaziland]] a shekarar 1981, sannan ta shafe shekaru biyu masu zuwa tana aiki a matsayin lauya mai gabatar da ƙara a ƙasar Swaziland. <ref name="ABA">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Mtetwa Wins 2010 International Human Rights Award |url=http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920195816/http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=American Bar Association Section of Litigation}}</ref> A shekara ta 1983, ta koma Zimbabwe, inda ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da kara har zuwa shekara ta 1989.<ref name="ABA" /> A wannan shekarar, ta shiga aikin sirri, kuma nan da nan ta fara ƙwarewa a cikin dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref name="ABA" /> A daya daga cikin sanannun shari'o'in da ta fi sani, ta samu nasarar kalubalantar wani sashi na Dokar Kungiyoyin Sa kai na Zimbabwe wanda ya ba ministan gwamnati ikon rushewa ko maye gurbin mambobin kwamitin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.<ref name="ABA" /> Ta kuma kalubalanci sakamakon gundumomi 37 a zaben 'yan majalisa na 2000.<ref name="ABA" /> A cikin wani shirin [[PBS]], Mtetwa ta bayyana dalilin da ta yi na gwagwarmayarta a matsayin "ba saboda akwai ɗaukaka ko tsabar kudi a ciki ba kuma ba saboda ina ƙoƙarin tsayayya da gwamnati ba... Ina yin hakan saboda aikin da ya kamata a yi".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title='Zimbabwe: Shadows and Lies' |url=https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/zimbabwe504/interview_beatrice.html |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=PBS Frontline}}</ref> An san Mtetwa musamman saboda kare 'yan jarida da aka kama, na cikin gida da na duniya.<ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, alal misali, ta lashe umarnin kotu wanda ya hana korar mai ba da rahoto na Guardian Andrew Meldrum, ta gabatar da shi ga jami'''[[The Guardian|Mai Tsaro]]'' a Filin jirgin saman Harare Minti kaɗan kafin a shirya jirgin Meldrum ya tashi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2005 |title=Zimbabwe's feisty freedom fighter |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4354094.stm |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Ta kuma sami 'yanci ga' yan jarida da aka tsare Toby Harnden da Julian Simmonds daga London's Sunday Telegraph, waɗanda aka kama yayin da suke ɗaukar hoto game da zaben majalisar Afrilu kan zargin aiki ba tare da izinin gwamnati ba.<ref name="CPJ" /> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, ta sami sakin mai ba da rahoto na ''New York Times'' Barry Bearak, wanda aka daure shi a kan irin wannan zargi.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite web |last=Barry Bearak |date=2008 |title=In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/world/africa/27bearak.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=The New York Times}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBarry_Bearak2008">Barry Bearak (2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/world/africa/27bearak.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&pagewanted=all "In Zimbabwe Jail: A Reporter's Ordeal"]. ''The New York Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kuma kare 'yan jarida da yawa da aka kama a lokacin da aka fara zaben shugaban kasa na shekara ta 2008. <ref name="CPJ2">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=CPJ to honor five international journalists |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}</ref> Mtetwa kuma darektan ne wanda ke zaune a kan kwamitin Econet . Mtetwa da Tawanda Nyambirai sun kafa Mtetwa & Nyambirai Legal Practitioners a cikin 2006 kuma sun kafa kanta a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin lauyoyi na Zimbabwe. Tarihin Mtetwa & Nyambirai yana cike da manyan shari'o'i a fannoni da yawa na doka. Tare da Econet Wireless's mafi girman kamfanin sadarwa a Zimbabwe kasancewa kamfanonin da suka fi shahara abokan ciniki, sunan Econet ya bayyana a yawancin waɗannan batutuwan. Wadannan sun hada da shari'o'i kamar su Econet Wireless v Trustco Mobile, da Derdale v Econet Wir Wireless wanda yanzu shine shari'ar da ta dace a kan ikon Babban Kotun a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Zimbabwe na 2013. Kamfanin Mtetwa ya shiga cikin manyan shari'o'in kare hakkin dan adam kuma, Musamman, ya taimaka wajen dawo da mai fafutuka Jestina Mukoko - wanda aka tsare shi ba tare da sadarwa ba kuma aka azabtar da shi kusan wata daya a cikin 2008. Mtetwa daga baya ta kula da jerin shari'o'in da suka biyo baya, gami da tabbatar da dakatar da gurfanar da Mukoko da kuma kai karar masu garkuwa da ita don lalacewar kansu. A cikin shekaru, Mtetwa da Nyambirai sun girma sun zama cikakken kamfanin lauya tare da ikon kula da al'amuran da suka shafi dukkan fannoni na dokar Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mtetwa and Nyambirai Law Firm |url=http://mandn.co.zw/index.html |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=mandn.co.zw}} </ref> == Kurkuku, hare-hare da barazanar == A shekara ta 2003, an kama Mtetwa kan zargin tuki cikin maye. A ofishin 'yan sanda, an ruwaito cewa an yi mata duka kuma an gurgunta ta kafin a sake ta bayan sa'o'i uku ba tare da tuhuma ba. Ko da yake ba ta iya magana na kwana biyu bayan harin ba, ta dawo a rana ta uku tare da fayil ɗin shaidar likita don gabatar da tuhuma a kan jami'an 'yan sanda da suka kai mata hari.<ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php "IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Jami'an 'yan sanda sun sake kai hari kan Mtetwa a shekara ta 2007, inda suka doke ta da abokan aiki uku da sandunan roba yayin wani yunkuri na nuna rashin amincewa da cin zarafin lauyoyin Zimbabwe.<ref name="CPJ2">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=CPJ to honor five international journalists |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php "CPJ to honor five international journalists"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 16 September 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2007 |title=Zimbabwe police assault lawyers |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6635151.stm |access-date=2 June 2011 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A wata hira da Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida, Mtetwa ta bayyana yadda take hana hare-haren da za su iya kaiwa:<blockquote>"Ina tsammanin ina fuskantar haɗarin nan da nan kafin ya faru. Kullum ina tabbatar da cewa idan, alal misali, an kira ni a tsakiyar dare zuwa wani yanayi wanda zai iya zama haɗari, ina tabbatar da leswaku akwai masu aikin watsa labarai da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, musamman don yin rikodin abin da zai faru a can. Kuma a cikin hasken kyamarori ina ganin cewa mutane ba sa so su yi abin da za su yi. Don haka a hanyoyi da yawa ina tsammanin na sami sa'a, kuma ban sami masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ba, ko kuma ba. "<ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php "IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref></blockquote>A ranar 17 ga Maris 2013, an kama Mtetwa yayin da take gudanar da aikinta na ƙwararriyar lauya. Tana taimaka wa wani abokin cinikinta ne wanda ‘yan sanda suka kai wa samame a gidansa domin bincike. An kama Mtetwa ne bayan ta nemi a nuna mata sahihin sammacin bincike da kuma jerin kayayyakin da tuni aka kwashe daga gidan. An kuma ƙwace wayarta ta hannu, wadda take ɗauke da saƙonnin sirri tsakanin lauya da wanda take karewa. An tuhume ta da hana ko kuma kawo cikas ga gudanar da adalci ƙarƙashin dokar '''Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act''', sashe na 184(1)(g). 'Yan sanda na Zimbabwe sun kalubalanci hukuncin kotun gaggawa da ya ba da umarnin sakin Mtetwa kuma sun ci gaba da riƙe ta kan zargin hana adalci. Bayan fiye da mako guda a kurkuku, an saki Mtetwa a ranar Litinin 25 ga Maris 2013 bayan wani babban alƙali na kotun ya soke hukuncin da kotun ta yanke cewa za a tsare ta ba tare da beli ba a kan zargin hana adalci. A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2013, Alkalin R Bloody Mugwagwa ya ce Mtetwa ba shi da wata shari'a da zai amsa. Mai shari'a Mugwagwa ya gano cewa babu wata shaida da za ta nuna cewa Mtetwa ya sa 'yan sanda su kasa yin ayyukansu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2013 |title=Magistrate Acquits Top Zimbabwe Human Rights Lawyer |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-charges-dropped-no-case-to-answer-beatrice-mtetwa-/1797954.html |access-date=2019-10-30 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> == Sanarwar kasa da kasa == A shekara ta 2005, ta lashe lambar yabo ta 'yancin' yan jarida ta kasa da kasa ta kwamitin kare 'yan jarida. <ref name="CPJ">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php "IPFA 2005 - Beatrice Mtetwa"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 2005. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022942/http://cpj.org/awards/2005/mtetwa.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Bayanan lambar yabo ya bayyana cewa "a cikin ƙasa inda ake amfani da doka a matsayin makami a kan 'yan jarida masu zaman kansu, Mtetwa ta kare' yan jarida kuma ta yi jayayya da' yancin yada labarai, duk suna cikin babban haɗari. " <ref name="CPJ" /> Ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Burton Benjamin Memorial Award for Lifetime Achievement a shekara ta 2008. <ref name="CPJ2">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=CPJ to honor five international journalists |url=http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php |archive-date=3 June 2011 <!--DASHBot--> |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php "CPJ to honor five international journalists"]. Committee to Protect Journalists. 16 September 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603044956/http://www.cpj.org/awards/2008/awards-release-08.php Archived] from the original on 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> An kuma sami kyaututtuka da yawa daga kungiyoyin shari'a. A shekara ta 2009, [[European Bar Human Rights Institute|Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai]] ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Ludovic-Trarieux International Human Rights Prize ("Lambar da lauyoyi suka ba lauya"), wanda aka tanada a kowace shekara ga lauya wanda a duk lokacin da yake aiki ya kwatanta, ta hanyar aiki ko wahala, kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PRIX INTERNATIONAL DES DROITS DE L'HOMME LUDOVIC TRARIEUX |url=http://www.ludovictrarieux.org/ |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=www.ludovictrarieux.org}}</ref> Mtetwa ya kuma lashe lambar yabo ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta 2010 ta American Bar Association . <ref name="ABA">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Mtetwa Wins 2010 International Human Rights Award |url=http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920195816/http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html |archive-date=20 September 2016 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=American Bar Association Section of Litigation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160920195816/http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html "Mtetwa Wins 2010 International Human Rights Award"]. American Bar Association Section of Litigation. 2010. Archived from [http://apps.americanbar.org/litigation/committees/international/ihr_2010.html the original] on 20 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 2011, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Inamori Ethics Prize daga Jami'ar Case Western Reserve a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Recipients |url=http://case.edu/events/inamori/prize/pastrecipients.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208115222/http://case.edu/events/inamori/prize/pastrecipients.html |archive-date=8 February 2012 |access-date=10 September 2012 |publisher=Case Western Reserve University}}</ref> A shekara ta 2014, ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Mata ta Duniya ta Ƙarfin Ƙarfin . [http://www.stfx.ca Jami'ar St. Francis Xavier], da ke Nova Scotia, Kanada, ita ce jami'a ta farko da ta yi bikin nasarorin da Mtetwa ta samu ta hanyar gabatar da ita da digiri na girmamawa a watan Mayu 2013. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, Jami'ar Bath a Ingila ta ba Mtetwa lambar yabo ta Doctor of Laws (LLD) don nuna godiya ga aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary graduates, 2010 to present |url=https://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/honorary-graduates-2010-to-present/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217192436/http://www.bath.ac.uk/corporate-information/honorary-graduates-2010-to-present/ |archive-date=2018-02-17 |access-date=2019-10-30 |website=www.bath.ac.uk}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2016, [[Jami'ar Rhodes]] a Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Mtetwa lambar yabo ta Doctor of Laws (LLD) don nuna godiya ga nasarorin da ta samu wajen ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Zimbabwe. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iydqs1fphxusblauwqx7kercxnf42a5 0 152054 839238 2026-05-23T05:33:01Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342163493|Linda Masarira]]" 839238 wikitext text/x-wiki Linda Tsungirirai Masarira ‘yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Zimbabwe wadda ta taɓa zama mai magana da yawun ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin jam’iyyun adawa a Zimbabwe, wato MDC-T ƙarƙashin jagorancin Thokozani Khupe.. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2018 |title=Newly Appointed MDC T Spokesperson, Linda Masarira Issues Maiden Press Statement |url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/04/26/newly-appointed-mdc-t-spokesperson-linda-masarira-issues-maiden-press-statement/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimeye.net}}</ref> Linda Masarira kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ce wadda aka sani saboda rawar da take takawa wajen fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya, daidaito, daidaiton jinsi, haƙƙin mata da yara mata, haɗa kowa cikin al’amuran ƙasa, da kuma ‘yancin tattalin arziki da siyasa ga al’ummomin da aka ware a cikin jama’a. Ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar jam’iyyar siyasa ta Zimbabwe mai suna '''Labor Economists and African Democrats (LEAD)''', sannan kuma memba ce ta ƙungiyar '''Political Actors Dialogue (POLAD)'''. Masarira ta ja hankalin jama’a a kafafen yaɗa labarai lokacin da ta soki Marry Mubaiwa, wadda ba ta da lafiya, bayan rabuwarta da tsohon mijinta. Marry Mubaiwa ta taɓa kasancewa matar ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Shingi Kawondera. Bayan rabuwarsu, ta auri tsohon Janar na rundunar sojin Zimbabwe, Constantino Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga, wanda a yanzu yake mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Zimbabwe. Daga baya Mary da Chiwenga sun rabu. == Tarihi == Linda Masarira ta girma a Harare inda ta kasance kafin ta koma [[Bulawayo]], Hwange da [[Mutare]] inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mace mai jirgin kasa. Ta koma Harare a shekarar 2015 sannan ta kafa kungiyar Zimbabwe Women In Politics Alliance . == Yunkurin kare hakkin dan adam == Bayan jerin zanga-zangar, korafe-korafe da zanga-zambe game da take hakkin dan adam da Gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta yi a lokacin mulkin Mugabe wanda ta shirya, an tsare ta sama da kwanaki 80 a gidan yarin Chikurubhi Maximum saboda kalubalantar gwamnati don girmama bil'adama. A lokacin da take cikin kurkuku, Masarira ta tattara 'yan fursunoni mata kuma ta jagoranci zanga-zangar fursunoni game da yanayin talauci da mata ke fuskanta ciki har da rashin tsabtace tsabta da kuma samun damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya. Saboda gwagwarmayarta, an zalunta Masarira kuma an tura ta kurkuku na maza inda aka sanya ta a kurkuku har sai an ba ta belin ta babban kotun a watan Satumbar 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira finally released from prison - Zimbabwe Latest News |url=http://zimbabwelatestnews.net/linda-masarira-finally-released-from-prison/#sthash.8tYwVuUK.dpbs |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimbabwelatestnews.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2016 |title=HORROR PICTURES: Zimbabwe Pro-democracy activist Linda Masarira Appeared In Court |url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/horror-pictures-zimbabwe-pro-democracy-activist-linda-masarira-appeared-in-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zambianobserver.com}}</ref> Linda Masarira ta shirya jerin kamfen ɗin da suka ci nasara da yawa ciki har da kamfen ɗin "Ka dawo da matanmu daga [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]]" inda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin kira ga gwamnatin [[Zimbabwe]] da Ofishin Jakadancin Kuwait don hanzarta tsarin dawowa ga matan Zimbabwe da suka makale waɗanda suka fada cikin fataucin mutane. Bayan wannan kamfen ɗin, gwamnatin Zimbabwe daga baya ta zo da shirin fitar da mutane a waje da Zimbabwe wanda ya ga mata sama da 200 da suka mutu suna dawowa gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More women arrive from Kuwait |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/05/15/more-women-arrive-from-kuwait |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> Linda Masarira da wasu abokanta 5 ciki har da Lynette Tendai Mudehwe na Zimbabwe Activists Alliance sun kaddamar da Kamfen ɗin Unity Square na Occupy Africa a watan Yunin 2016, wanda aka shirya don gudana na kwanaki 16. 'Yan sanda na Jamhuriyar Zimbabwe sun murkushe yakin neman zabe wanda ya kama dan gwagwarmaya Patson Dzamara da wasu mambobin yakin neman zabe da yawa saboda zargin fashi. Daga nan aka kama Linda a kan zargin hana hanyar adalci. A lokacin da take a National Railways of Zimbabwe and Systems Technology, Linda ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago inda ta tattara wasu ma'aikata don yin gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin ma'aikata, wanda ya sa aka kore ta daga kungiyoyin. Ta ce kalubalen da ta fuskanta a matsayin matashiyar Zimbabwe shine abin da ya tsara ra'ayinta kuma waɗannan kalubalen sun haɗa da jinsi da adalci, aiki da adalci gami da rashin adalci na zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashate |first=Fredy |date=1 November 2020 |title=Linda Tsungirirai Masarira _ Activism and Politics in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATb2lIoq0aI |access-date=25 October 2021 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Masarira tsohuwar memba ce ta kwamitin gudanarwa na Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a (PDP) da ke da alhakin daukar ma'aikata da tattarawa. Ita ce mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T) karkashin jagorancin Shugaba Dr Thokozani Khupe . A watan Yunin 2018, Linda ta yi nasarar yin rajista don yin takara a matsayin dan majalisa na Harare ta tsakiya a zaben 2018 wanda ya haifar da daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma amincewa da cewa za ta iya canzawa ga duk ma'aikatan da ke fuskantar rashin adalci a [[Zimbabwe]]. A watan Oktoba na 2021, Masarira ta yi jayayya a kan twitter cewa Hukumar Zabe ta Zimbabwe ya kamata ta kara kudaden gabatarwa, daga 25,000 zuwa 50,000 USD, don ƙirƙirar sararin siyasa cike da dabi'u na ra'ayi mafi girma. Koyaya, ita kanta ta kasa tara asusun gabatarwa, wanda ya haifar da hana ta yin takara a zaben 2023 da kuma karɓar ba'a akan kafofin sada zumunta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rikici == A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015, Linda ta bayyana a gaban majistare na Mutare Annia Ndiraya saboda zargin zagi da shugaban kasar Zimbabwe na lokacin [[Robert Mugabe]] ta hanyar ambaton shi a matsayin shit wanda ta musanta zarge-zargen da ta nuna cewa an tsara ta. An tsare ta daga tsare a kan beli kyauta. 2016 a watan Disamba, Masarira ya ruwaito cewa "mutane na Ndebele matsoraci ne kuma jarirai masu kuka" a wani taron Crisis a Zimbabwe Coalition wanda aka gudanar a Harare. Sanarwar ta bazu a kafofin sada zumunta kuma an zarge ta da wariyar launin fata. Masarira ta bayyana cewa tana nufin yawancin Mutanen Ndebele ba sa son shiga cikin kokarin fuskantar gwamnatin Mugabe wajen yaki da hakkinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Am not fazed by Ndebele coward remarks,' Linda Masarira vows |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-101345.html |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Bulawayo24.com}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Linda Masarira ta kai karar manyan jami'an gwamnati ciki har da shugaban Zimbabwe na yanzu [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kasa da kuma ministan harkokin cikin gida na lokacin Ignatius Chombo, kwamishinan ZRP Augustine Chihuri da shugaban kurkuku Paradzai Zimondi. Ta shigar da karar $ 150,000 don tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba game da takardar izinin kamawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira sues Mnangagwa - NewsDay Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/06/linda-masarira-sues-mnangagwa/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Newsday.co.zw}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 ta gabatar da takardu a kotun kundin tsarin mulki da ke kalubalantar halattaccen Shugaba [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] wanda ya hau mulki bayan juyin mulkin Zimbabwe na 2017 a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coup - Linda Masarira Drags Mnangagwa to Court - Zimbabwe Today |url=https://zimbabwe-today.com/coup-linda-masarira-drags-mnangagwa-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=zimbabwe-today.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423205637/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira |archive-date=2025-04-23 |access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> A lokacin bukukuwan Ranar Ma'aikata ta 2018, an hana Linda Masarira shiga alfarwar VIP ta Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, Peter Mutasa shugaban ZCTU ya ce sun hana mai magana da yawun MDC-T zama a cikin alfarwar GI saboda tana so ta rushe bukukuwan ranar Ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=ZCTU Reveals Why Linda Masarira Was Barred From VIP Tent |url=http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/zctu-reveals-why-linda-masarira-was-barred-from-vip-tent/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Thezimbabwemail.com}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2019, ta yi tambaya game da shigar Julius Malema cikin siyasar Zimbabwe kuma ta bayyana cewa "Zimbabwe kasa ce mai cin gashin kanta ba fadada Afirka ta Kudu ba". Ta bukaci shi da ya sauƙaƙe maganin COVID ga 'yan kasashen waje a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma bayar da takardun Visa maimakon tsoma baki cikin siyasar Zimbabwe. Fadzai Mahere ta yi tambaya game da wannan yunkuri da ta yi wanda ya haifar da jayayya a Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Mahere Puzzled By Masarira's Attack On Malema Over Castigation Of Human Rights Abuses In Zimbabwe ⋆ Pindula News |url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2020/08/04/mahere-puzzled-by-masariras-attack-on-malema-over-castigation-of-human-rights-abuses-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2020-08-26 |website=Pindula News |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Masarira ta sha wahala daga "kasuwancin ƙiyayya" saboda zargin da take da shi da jam'iyyar ZANU-PF. Hare-haren sun kunshi kunyar jiki da kuma ikirarin cewa ba ta yi wanka ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ "African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-11-11</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Matsayi da aka riƙe == * Wanda ya kafa kuma mai kula da kasa ga Zimbabwe Women in Politics Alliance . * Mai kula da kasa don Taron Jagorancin Matasan Afirka (Zimbabwean Chapter). * Wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan da aka dakatar da su. * Shugaban 'yan gwagwarmayar' yancin juyin juya hali. * Shugaban kungiyar STAR fellowship cohort 3. * FES Alumni. * Tsohon Shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan Trainmen (2008-2013). == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == * Zimrights Mata mai kare hakkin dan adam na shekara ta 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human rights defenders to be honoured |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/11/24/human-rights-defenders-to-be-honoured |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> * Kyautar Giraffe don 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira |url=https://www.giraffe.org/linda-masarira |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Giraffe.org}}</ref> * Fortune Magazine 2016 5th Mafi Iko a Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Most Powerful Women: December 5 |url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/the-worlds-most-powerful-women-december-5/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Fortune.com}}</ref> * Matar Afirka mai ban mamaki Oktoba 2017 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h3hwumf70bav274qxn8s32rqrdlknf7 839239 839238 2026-05-23T05:34:17Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Linda Masarira | image = Linda Masarira AfriqUPrising! Protest Movements.jpg | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|10|03}} | birth_place = Harare | children = 5 | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --> | death_place = | alma_mater = | other_names = Tsungirirayi | occupation = Politician | years_active = 2015 to present | known_for = Human Rights Activism | notable_works = | website = }} '''Linda Tsungirirai Masarira''' ‘yar siyasa ce daga ƙasar Zimbabwe wadda ta taɓa zama mai magana da yawun ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ɓangarorin jam’iyyun adawa a Zimbabwe, wato MDC-T ƙarƙashin jagorancin Thokozani Khupe.. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2018 |title=Newly Appointed MDC T Spokesperson, Linda Masarira Issues Maiden Press Statement |url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/04/26/newly-appointed-mdc-t-spokesperson-linda-masarira-issues-maiden-press-statement/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimeye.net}}</ref> Linda Masarira kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ce wadda aka sani saboda rawar da take takawa wajen fafutukar tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya, daidaito, daidaiton jinsi, haƙƙin mata da yara mata, haɗa kowa cikin al’amuran ƙasa, da kuma ‘yancin tattalin arziki da siyasa ga al’ummomin da aka ware a cikin jama’a. Ita ce ta kafa kuma shugabar jam’iyyar siyasa ta Zimbabwe mai suna '''Labor Economists and African Democrats (LEAD)''', sannan kuma memba ce ta ƙungiyar '''Political Actors Dialogue (POLAD)'''. Masarira ta ja hankalin jama’a a kafafen yaɗa labarai lokacin da ta soki Marry Mubaiwa, wadda ba ta da lafiya, bayan rabuwarta da tsohon mijinta. Marry Mubaiwa ta taɓa kasancewa matar ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Shingi Kawondera. Bayan rabuwarsu, ta auri tsohon Janar na rundunar sojin Zimbabwe, Constantino Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga, wanda a yanzu yake mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Zimbabwe. Daga baya Mary da Chiwenga sun rabu. == Tarihi == Linda Masarira ta girma a Harare inda ta kasance kafin ta koma [[Bulawayo]], Hwange da [[Mutare]] inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mace mai jirgin kasa. Ta koma Harare a shekarar 2015 sannan ta kafa kungiyar Zimbabwe Women In Politics Alliance . == Yunkurin kare hakkin dan adam == Bayan jerin zanga-zangar, korafe-korafe da zanga-zambe game da take hakkin dan adam da Gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta yi a lokacin mulkin Mugabe wanda ta shirya, an tsare ta sama da kwanaki 80 a gidan yarin Chikurubhi Maximum saboda kalubalantar gwamnati don girmama bil'adama. A lokacin da take cikin kurkuku, Masarira ta tattara 'yan fursunoni mata kuma ta jagoranci zanga-zangar fursunoni game da yanayin talauci da mata ke fuskanta ciki har da rashin tsabtace tsabta da kuma samun damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya. Saboda gwagwarmayarta, an zalunta Masarira kuma an tura ta kurkuku na maza inda aka sanya ta a kurkuku har sai an ba ta belin ta babban kotun a watan Satumbar 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira finally released from prison - Zimbabwe Latest News |url=http://zimbabwelatestnews.net/linda-masarira-finally-released-from-prison/#sthash.8tYwVuUK.dpbs |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimbabwelatestnews.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2016 |title=HORROR PICTURES: Zimbabwe Pro-democracy activist Linda Masarira Appeared In Court |url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/horror-pictures-zimbabwe-pro-democracy-activist-linda-masarira-appeared-in-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zambianobserver.com}}</ref> Linda Masarira ta shirya jerin kamfen ɗin da suka ci nasara da yawa ciki har da kamfen ɗin "Ka dawo da matanmu daga [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]]" inda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin kira ga gwamnatin [[Zimbabwe]] da Ofishin Jakadancin Kuwait don hanzarta tsarin dawowa ga matan Zimbabwe da suka makale waɗanda suka fada cikin fataucin mutane. Bayan wannan kamfen ɗin, gwamnatin Zimbabwe daga baya ta zo da shirin fitar da mutane a waje da Zimbabwe wanda ya ga mata sama da 200 da suka mutu suna dawowa gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=More women arrive from Kuwait |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/05/15/more-women-arrive-from-kuwait |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> Linda Masarira da wasu abokanta 5 ciki har da Lynette Tendai Mudehwe na Zimbabwe Activists Alliance sun kaddamar da Kamfen ɗin Unity Square na Occupy Africa a watan Yunin 2016, wanda aka shirya don gudana na kwanaki 16. 'Yan sanda na Jamhuriyar Zimbabwe sun murkushe yakin neman zabe wanda ya kama dan gwagwarmaya Patson Dzamara da wasu mambobin yakin neman zabe da yawa saboda zargin fashi. Daga nan aka kama Linda a kan zargin hana hanyar adalci. A lokacin da take a National Railways of Zimbabwe and Systems Technology, Linda ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago inda ta tattara wasu ma'aikata don yin gwagwarmaya don haƙƙin ma'aikata, wanda ya sa aka kore ta daga kungiyoyin. Ta ce kalubalen da ta fuskanta a matsayin matashiyar Zimbabwe shine abin da ya tsara ra'ayinta kuma waɗannan kalubalen sun haɗa da jinsi da adalci, aiki da adalci gami da rashin adalci na zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mashate |first=Fredy |date=1 November 2020 |title=Linda Tsungirirai Masarira _ Activism and Politics in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATb2lIoq0aI |access-date=25 October 2021 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Masarira tsohuwar memba ce ta kwamitin gudanarwa na Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jama'a (PDP) da ke da alhakin daukar ma'aikata da tattarawa. Ita ce mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar Movement for Democratic Change (MDC-T) karkashin jagorancin Shugaba Dr Thokozani Khupe . A watan Yunin 2018, Linda ta yi nasarar yin rajista don yin takara a matsayin dan majalisa na Harare ta tsakiya a zaben 2018 wanda ya haifar da daidaito tsakanin jinsi da kuma amincewa da cewa za ta iya canzawa ga duk ma'aikatan da ke fuskantar rashin adalci a [[Zimbabwe]]. A watan Oktoba na 2021, Masarira ta yi jayayya a kan twitter cewa Hukumar Zabe ta Zimbabwe ya kamata ta kara kudaden gabatarwa, daga 25,000 zuwa 50,000 USD, don ƙirƙirar sararin siyasa cike da dabi'u na ra'ayi mafi girma. Koyaya, ita kanta ta kasa tara asusun gabatarwa, wanda ya haifar da hana ta yin takara a zaben 2023 da kuma karɓar ba'a akan kafofin sada zumunta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rikici == A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2015, Linda ta bayyana a gaban majistare na Mutare Annia Ndiraya saboda zargin zagi da shugaban kasar Zimbabwe na lokacin [[Robert Mugabe]] ta hanyar ambaton shi a matsayin shit wanda ta musanta zarge-zargen da ta nuna cewa an tsara ta. An tsare ta daga tsare a kan beli kyauta. 2016 a watan Disamba, Masarira ya ruwaito cewa "mutane na Ndebele matsoraci ne kuma jarirai masu kuka" a wani taron Crisis a Zimbabwe Coalition wanda aka gudanar a Harare. Sanarwar ta bazu a kafofin sada zumunta kuma an zarge ta da wariyar launin fata. Masarira ta bayyana cewa tana nufin yawancin Mutanen Ndebele ba sa son shiga cikin kokarin fuskantar gwamnatin Mugabe wajen yaki da hakkinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Am not fazed by Ndebele coward remarks,' Linda Masarira vows |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-101345.html |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Bulawayo24.com}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Linda Masarira ta kai karar manyan jami'an gwamnati ciki har da shugaban Zimbabwe na yanzu [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kasa da kuma ministan harkokin cikin gida na lokacin Ignatius Chombo, kwamishinan ZRP Augustine Chihuri da shugaban kurkuku Paradzai Zimondi. Ta shigar da karar $ 150,000 don tsare-tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba game da takardar izinin kamawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira sues Mnangagwa - NewsDay Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/06/linda-masarira-sues-mnangagwa/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Newsday.co.zw}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 ta gabatar da takardu a kotun kundin tsarin mulki da ke kalubalantar halattaccen Shugaba [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] wanda ya hau mulki bayan juyin mulkin Zimbabwe na 2017 a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coup - Linda Masarira Drags Mnangagwa to Court - Zimbabwe Today |url=https://zimbabwe-today.com/coup-linda-masarira-drags-mnangagwa-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=zimbabwe-today.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423205637/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira |archive-date=2025-04-23 |access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> A lokacin bukukuwan Ranar Ma'aikata ta 2018, an hana Linda Masarira shiga alfarwar VIP ta Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, Peter Mutasa shugaban ZCTU ya ce sun hana mai magana da yawun MDC-T zama a cikin alfarwar GI saboda tana so ta rushe bukukuwan ranar Ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=ZCTU Reveals Why Linda Masarira Was Barred From VIP Tent |url=http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/zctu-reveals-why-linda-masarira-was-barred-from-vip-tent/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Thezimbabwemail.com}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2019, ta yi tambaya game da shigar Julius Malema cikin siyasar Zimbabwe kuma ta bayyana cewa "Zimbabwe kasa ce mai cin gashin kanta ba fadada Afirka ta Kudu ba". Ta bukaci shi da ya sauƙaƙe maganin COVID ga 'yan kasashen waje a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma bayar da takardun Visa maimakon tsoma baki cikin siyasar Zimbabwe. Fadzai Mahere ta yi tambaya game da wannan yunkuri da ta yi wanda ya haifar da jayayya a Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Mahere Puzzled By Masarira's Attack On Malema Over Castigation Of Human Rights Abuses In Zimbabwe ⋆ Pindula News |url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2020/08/04/mahere-puzzled-by-masariras-attack-on-malema-over-castigation-of-human-rights-abuses-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2020-08-26 |website=Pindula News |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Masarira ta sha wahala daga "kasuwancin ƙiyayya" saboda zargin da take da shi da jam'iyyar ZANU-PF. Hare-haren sun kunshi kunyar jiki da kuma ikirarin cewa ba ta yi wanka ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ "African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-11-11</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Matsayi da aka riƙe == * Wanda ya kafa kuma mai kula da kasa ga Zimbabwe Women in Politics Alliance . * Mai kula da kasa don Taron Jagorancin Matasan Afirka (Zimbabwean Chapter). * Wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan da aka dakatar da su. * Shugaban 'yan gwagwarmayar' yancin juyin juya hali. * Shugaban kungiyar STAR fellowship cohort 3. * FES Alumni. * Tsohon Shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan Trainmen (2008-2013). == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == * Zimrights Mata mai kare hakkin dan adam na shekara ta 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human rights defenders to be honoured |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/11/24/human-rights-defenders-to-be-honoured |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> * Kyautar Giraffe don 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira |url=https://www.giraffe.org/linda-masarira |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Giraffe.org}}</ref> * Fortune Magazine 2016 5th Mafi Iko a Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Most Powerful Women: December 5 |url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/the-worlds-most-powerful-women-december-5/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Fortune.com}}</ref> * Matar Afirka mai ban mamaki Oktoba 2017 == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sleqmxa9d1xunwavz3sc6wdszlam5e4 0 152055 839259 2026-05-23T07:01:08Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352904074|Chelagat Mutai]]" 839259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philomena Chelagat Mutai''' (29 ga Janairu, 1949 – 6 ga Yuli, 2013) fitacciyar ‘yar siyasar Kenya ce kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam wadda ta shahara saboda kalamai masu ƙarfi da jarumtaka a ciki da wajen Majalisar Dokokin Kenya. An fi saninta da suna “Chelagat Mutai”. Ta fara ne a matsayin mai fafutukar ɗalibai kuma ‘yar jarida mai faɗin albarkacin baki, daga baya ta shiga harkar siyasa tun tana matashiya, inda ta zama babbar mai sukar gwamnatin Kenya. Ta zama fursuna na [[Amnesty International]] saboda lamiri lokacin da gwamnatin Shugaba [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ta yi watsi da rashin amincewa kuma ta jefa ta a kurkuku. Daga bisani aka kore ta daga Kenya ta shiga cikin 'yan adawa na Kenya da ke tserewa daga mulkin [[Jomo Kenyatta|Mzee Jomo Kenyatta]] Da Daniel Ni. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1974, tana da shekaru 25, ta zama ƙaramar yarinya da aka zaba a majalisar dokokin Kenya, inda ta kayar da 'yan takarar maza 11 a cikin tseren tseren Eldoret North. Nan da nan ta shiga siyasar hagu ta Kenya, ta zama mai sukar gwamnatin Kenyatta, kuma an ɗaure ta a kurkuku a sakamakon haka. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka ɗaure ta, ta koma siyasa ta dawo da kujerar da ta rasa. Ba za ta daɗe ba kuma za a kore ta daga Kenya, ta guje wa abin da ta yi imanin cewa wani zagaye ne na tsare-tsare na siyasa. Ta yi shekaru da yawa a gudun hijira a Tanzania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chelagat Mutai – Team Courage |url=https://teamcourage.co.ke/heroes/chelagat-mutai/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205193439/https://teamcourage.co.ke/heroes/chelagat-mutai/ |archive-date=2018-12-05 |access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okemwa |first=Joshua Ogeto |date=2016 |title=ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE MAKING OF KENYAN POLITICAL HISTORY: A CASE OF CHELAGAT MUTAI AMONG THE NANDI, 1949-2013 |url=http://library.kisiiuniversity.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/347 |url-status=dead |journal=Kisii University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724045443/http://library.kisiiuniversity.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/347 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref> Ta goyi bayan hada mata a cikin siyasar Kenya da al'umma, kuma a matsayin mai fafutuka na rayuwa don kyakkyawan shugabanci. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chelagat Mutai a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1949, a Terige Sublocation, Lessos Location a Nandi County . Ita ce 'yar karshe ta [[Antony Kimutai araap Kogo]] wani fitaccen manomi na gida da [[Paulina Kogo]] . Iyalinta sun kasance Katolika ne sosai kuma a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1949, an yi mata baftisma a Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph's Chepterit ta shugaban firist Fr. John Daley . An ba ta sunan 'Filomena' wanda daga baya ta rubuta Philomena . An haifi Chelagat ne a cikin iyali mai aiki a siyasa. Mahaifinta ya kasance a wani lokaci memba na majalisar Nandi Local Native Council (LNC) a Kapsabet . Kakanta [[Michael Kibet Rongoei]] ya yi aiki a [[Rift Valley Regional Assembly|Majalisar Yankin Rift Valley]] da kuma [[Sirikwa County Council|Majalisar Gundumar Sirikwa]] a matsayin wakilin. Kakan mahaifiyarta [[William Morogo Saina]] daga baya za ta zama memba na Majalisar [[Eldoret North|Eldoret ta Arewa]] kuma wanda za ta yi nasara lokacin da ta shiga siyasa. Babban ɗan'uwanta Eng [[Jan Mutai]] (1945-2020) sanannen ma'aikacin gwamnati ne wanda a wani lokaci ya kasance Manajan Darakta na babbar [[Kenya Posts & Telecommunications Corporation|Kamfanin Kenya Posts & Telecommunications]] Corporation (KPTC). == Ilimi == Chelagat ta fara karatunta na firamare a Makarantar Firamare ta Terige a shekarar 1956. Ta yi karatu a can har zuwa 1960, sannan ta koma Makarantar Firamare ta Chepterit wadda mishan Katolika suka kafa a Nandi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaliba a can har zuwa 1962, lokacin da ta zauna jarrabawar Kenya African Preliminary Examination (KAPE) kuma ta ci ta. A shekarar da ta biyo baya, wato 1963, ta shiga Makarantar Sakandare ta ’Yan Mata ta St. Joseph’s Chepterit, wadda kuma mishan Mill Hill ke gudanarwa a Nandi. A 1966 ta zauna jarrabawar East Africa Certificate of Education (EACE) ta shekara ta huɗu kuma ta ci ta. Kwarewarta ta shugabanci da fafutuka sun fara bayyana tun tana makaranta. A lokacin sakandare, tana yawan fito wa da rashin adalci daga shugabancin makaranta, har ma tana jagorantar yajin halartar darasi idan ta ga an tauye haƙƙin ɗalibai. Sau da yawa ana tura ta gida saboda tsaurin ra’ayi, amma hakan bai hana ta ci gaba da kasancewa hazikiyar ɗaliba ba, domin kullum tana cikin sahun farko a aji. Duk da yawan rashin halartar makaranta, ta ci jarabawarta a Chepterit sannan ta wuce makarantar Highlands Girls High School da ke Eldoret, wacce a yau ake kira Moi Girls High School Eldoret. Har a sabuwar makarantar, ta ci gaba da tunkarar shugabannin makaranta, abin da ya sa ta shiga matsaloli sau da dama. Har ma ta rubuta jarabawar A-level daga waje bayan ta samu sabani da shugabancin makaranta. Duk da haka, ta sake cin jarabawar da sakamako mai kyau, sannan aka karɓe ta a [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] a shekarar 1970 domin yin digiri a fannin [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyya ta siyasa]] (Political Science). == Rayuwa a Jami'ar == Chelagat ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko ’yan Kalenjin da aka karɓa a sabuwar Jami’ar Nairobi da aka kafa. Ta isa babban harabar jami’ar a watan Satumba na shekarar 1970 domin fara karatun digiri nata. Kafin haka, ta riga ta samu aikin wucin gadi a wata fitacciyar jarida ta Nairobi mai suna ''The East African Standard'', inda take aiki a matsayin ’yar jarida. Ta fi yin rahotonta ne a cikin birnin Nairobi. Ta yi murabus daga aikin ne jim kaɗan kafin ta shiga jami’a, bayan ta yi watanni shida kacal tana aiki. A lokacin, mata kaɗan ne kawai a harabar jami’ar, kuma mata daga ƙabilarta ta Kalenjin sun fi ƙaranci sosai. Duk da kasancewarta a cikin ’yan tsiraru, kasancewarta a jami’ar ta fito sosai, domin tana da baiwar iya magana a bainar jama’a, tana gabatar da jawaban zafi a lokacin ''kamukunji'' (wato tarurrukan ɗalibai na tattauna batutuwan da ke tasowa da shafar ɗalibai)..<ref>{{Cite web |title=The girl who fought 'men wars' at varsity, against Kenyatta |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-1909162-11lhvr6z/index.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Chelagat_Mutai_at_the_UoN.jpg|thumb|Chelagat Mutai a Jami'ar Nairobi 1971]] A shekara ta 1972, ta tsunduma sosai cikin siyasar ɗalibai, kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta taɓa zama edita na mujallar ɗalibai mai suna ''The Anvil''. Ta yi amfani da iliminta a fannin jarida wajen rubuta labarai da ke sukar shugabancin jami’a da kuma yanke shawarorin da ke shafar jin daɗin ɗalibai. A farkon shekarar 1973, ta buga rahotanni masu tayar da hankali a cikin jaridarta, waɗanda aka ɗora musu alhakin haddasa tarzomar ɗalibai a Jami’ar. Nan take aka kore ta daga jami’a kuma aka umarce ta da ta fice daga harabar makarantar. A lokacin, ta kusa fara zangon karatu na uku, tana da semester ɗaya kacal ta kammala karatunta. Ba tare da wata dama ta samun aiki a Nairobi ba, ta koma garinsu na Terige a gundumar Nandi, inda ta fara koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta yankin.<ref>Sang Godfrey K.,(20 Just for Today: The Life and Times of Jean-Marie Seroney, 2nd Edition, Gapman Publications, p. 421</ref> == Ƙin Fasfo == Da yake fahimtar babban damar da take da ita, daya daga cikin malaman kasashen waje na Amurka waɗanda ta saba da su, ta shirya don cikakken tallafin karatu a [[Jami'ar Harvard]]. An yi niyyar bayar da rahoto a watan Satumbar 1973 don ci gaba da inda ta tafi. Bayan ta yi aikin takarda, wasikar shigarwa da tikitin ta iso ba da daɗewa ba. Abin da take bukata shi ne fasfo. [[Kenya Immigration Department|Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice ta Kenya]] tana karkashin ma'aikatun Harkokin Cikin Gida, karkashin jagorancin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Daniel Arap Ni. Duk da ziyarar da ta kai ofishin sau da yawa, ta koyi daga daya daga cikin jami'an cewa Moi da kansa ta kira fayil dinta kuma ta hana bayar da fasfo.<ref>Interview with Chelagat Mutai by Godfrey K. Sang on December 8, 2011 at Nairobi.</ref> Chelagat ya je ya gan shi game da fasfo dinta kuma duk da abin da ta yi don roƙonsa, ya ki amincewa da bayar da shi. Babu wanda zai daina da sauƙi, ta shirya wa wani dangi mai suna Stanley Some wanda da kansa ya san Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Moi don ya roki shari'arta a gabansa. Wasu sun yi aiki a rundunar sojin saman Kenya a matsayin ma'aikacin farar hula. Ya yi hanyarsa don ganin Moi a wannan lokacin, Moi ya ki kuma wannan shine ƙarshen labarin.<ref>Ibid.</ref> == Yunkurin siyasa == Matsalolin siyasa na Chelagat tare da gwamnatin Kenyatta sun fara ne tun lokacin da take daliba a [[Highlands Girls High School|Makarantar Sakandaren 'yan mata ta Highlands]]. Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Moi ya riga ya zama shugaban kwamitin. An gano Chelagat a matsayin mai kawo matsala ta hanyar gudanar da makarantar. A cikin nuna ƙarfin hali mai ban mamaki ta taɓa yin jayayya mai zafi tare da Shugaban makarantar Turai kuma an dakatar da ita daga makaranta. An dakatar da ita kuma ta zauna a gida na ɗan lokaci kafin ta koma makaranta, har ma a lokacin, ta zama saman ajin ta. Halin da take da shi ya ragu sosai ta hanyar basirarta. Ta kasance ba tare da ƙoƙari ba a saman aji ba duk abin da ƙalubalen yake. Moi ne zai ba ta lambar yabo ta Merit a lokacin kwanakin bayar da kyaututtuka. Dakatar da ita ba ta farko ba ce, an dakatar da ita a makarantar O-Levels Chepterit Girls saboda 'amsa malamai. " An kuma dakatar da ita ne a makarantar A-Leveles don ɗaukar shugaban makarantar har ma a Jami'ar za a kore ta saboda gwagwarmayarta. A Gabashin Afirka, ta rubuta labaru da yawa da ke nuna yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa na wannan lokacin. Daga aikin jarida ne aka nada ta editan mujallar kwalejin, amma aikinta ne a can ya sa aka kore ta daga Jami'ar. Babban hutu ya zo ne lokacin da ta sami tallafin karatu a Harvard a lokacin da aka dakatar da ita. Rashin iya samun fasfo saboda dalilai na siyasa ya sa ta rasa tallafin karatu. Ta koma ƙauyen gidanta a hankali kuma ta koyar a makarantar sakandare da ke kusa. == Shigar da siyasa == Bayan da shirinta na tafiya zuwa Amurka ya rushe, ta nemi Ministan Ilimi [[Taaita Toweett]], wanda ya sauya korarta don haka ta sami damar kammala karatun jami'a a shekara ta 1974. A lokacin da take Jami'ar Nairobi ne ta saba da dan majalisa mai suna Tinderet [[Jean-Marie Seroney]], wanda ke ba gwamnatin Kenyatta dare mara barci. A wannan lokacin, kawunta Eldoret North MP [[William Morogo Saina]] wanda shi ma babban aboki ne na Seroney, an daure shi kan zargin satar kayan aiki don kayan aikin gona. Chelagat Mutai, kusan daga Jami'ar, Seroney ta nemi ta gudu don kujerar Eldoret ta Arewa a cikin babban zaben da ke zuwa. Seroney yanzu ita ce mai kula da siyasa. An kira Babban Zabe a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1974. Wannan shi ne karo na biyu da Kenya ke gudanar da Babban Zabe a karkashin Gwamnatin Kanu. A cikin ƙasa, jimlar 'yan takara 733 suna neman kujeru 158 tare da' yan takara goma sha biyar mata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Remembering Philomena Chelagat Mutai four years after her death |url=http://kariron.com/Home/Article/50074 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129050427/http://kariron.com/Home/Article/50074 |archive-date=2018-11-29 |access-date=2018-11-29 |website=kariron.com}}</ref> Tsoron farawarta ta siyasa, Seroney ya tabbatar mata har ma ya yi alkawarin cewa zai yi mata kamfen. Amma a taron su na farko a Ziwa, Seroney kawai ya gabatar da ita ga mutane kuma ya bar ta ita kadai. An tura ta zuwa zurfin ƙarshen tafkin. Da yake ita ce kadai 'yar takarar mata, ta ratsa mazabar tana yin jawabai masu ban sha'awa kuma ta fara juyawa kan 'yan siyasa masu ƙwarewa. Tare da filin maza 11 masu fafatawa, ta fito a saman tare da kuri'u 10,432 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 40.20% na kuri'un da aka jefa. Ba wai kawai ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata huɗu da aka zaba a majalisar ba amma ita ce ƙaramar mutum da aka taɓa zabarwa a Kenya a wannan lokacin. Tana da shekaru 25, watanni 8, makonni 2 da rana 1. Rubuce-rubucen da ta yi a matsayin mace mafi ƙanƙanta da aka zaba, ya kasance har zuwa 9 ga Agusta, 2022, lokacin da [[Linet Chepkorir Toto]] ta karya rikodin lokacin da a shekara 24 aka zabe ta ta zama wakilin mata na Bomet County . Rubuce-rubucen Chelagat ya kasance na shekaru 47, watanni 9, makonni 3, da kwanaki 5. An karya ta ne kawai bayan mutuwarta. Ita ce kuma mace ta farko ta Kalenjin da aka zaba a majalisar, rikodin da ta rike har zuwa 2002 tare da zaben [[Alice Chelaite]] a matsayin Rongai MP a kan tikitin Narc. == Fursunoni na siyasa == Lokacin da aka tsare Seroney a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1975, Chelagat Mutai yana tare da shi kuma a farkon ranar ya sanar da gidan da kasancewar 'baƙi' a cikin majalisa. Ta gaya wa gidan cewa "sun yi niyyar kama Seroney. " Ya zama cewa su jami'an 'yan sanda ne da ke sanye da tufafi masu kyau waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin umarni don kama Seroney da Martin Shikuku. Bayan kama su, Chelagat zai zama mutum daya da ke ci gaba da yin gwagwarmaya don 'yancinsu a bene na House. Iyalin Seroney sun zo wurin ta neman taimako don samun Gwamnati ta ba su damar zuwa gare shi. Mutai ya zama sabon ƙaya a cikin nama ga Jiha. Matsalolin Mutai da kansa ba su da nisa sosai. A watan Janairun 1976 ta kada kuri'a a kan gyaran kundin tsarin mulki da aka tsara don ba da ƙarin iko ga Shugaban kasa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976, an kama ta kuma an tuhume ta da tayar da hankali lokacin da masu zaman kansu a mazabarta suka mamaye gonar sisal wanda mai shi ya sayar musu. Bayan karbar kuɗin, mai shi a bayyane ya sami ƙafafun sanyi kuma ya kasa canja ƙasar ga masu siye na gaskiya wanda ya haifar da masu ba da haƙuri don mamayewa. Chelagat ya yi sulhu da yarjejeniyar kuma ya biya mai mallakar ƙasar kowane cent na ƙarshe da ya nema. "Na gabatar da daruruwan tsoffin bayanan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga squatters don siyan ƙasar. " Kuma har ma bayan da squatters suka koma ciki, ya dace ga Jiha ta gabatar da tuhuma a kanta bayan da ta kada kuri'a a kan muhimmiyar gyare-gyare.<ref name="Sang" /> == 'Rashin mamayewa' gonar Ziwa Sisal == A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1975, Chelagat ya gudanar da taro tare da squatters a Ziwa Estate Sisal Plantation har ma ya gayyaci Seroney a matsayin babban baƙo a wani taron tara kuɗi da aka gudanar a makarantar firamare ta Kerotet. A cikin tarihin Keya, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta gabatar da Squatterism don tabbatar da samar da ma'aikata a gonaki. An tilasta wa 'yan Afirka barin ƙauyukansu su zauna a matsayin masu aiki a wani sashi na gonar don samar da aiki ga manomi mai zama. A Independence a 1963, yawancin squatters sun sami kansu ba tare da ƙasa ba kuma duk da haka ba za su iya mallakar ƙasar da suka mamaye shekaru da yawa ba yayin da aka sayar da ita ga sababbin masu mallakar. Da yawa daga cikinsu, waɗanda ke da da'awar tarihi ga ƙasar da suka mamaye, sun ƙare ba tare da ƙasa ba saboda yawan kuɗin da suke samu sau da yawa kaɗan ne ko kuma ba daidai ba ne don siyan kowane ƙasa. Wadanda suka fi dacewa sun hada da ƙananan kuɗin da suka sayi gonakin da manoma suka kasance mallakar su. Wannan shi ne yanayin da gonar Ziwa Sisal mallakar manomi na Asiya. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan taron, masu squatters sun mamaye gonar kuma sun raba kansu a ciki bisa ga hannun jarin su. Maimakon a kama su nan da nan; sun jira watanni huɗu bayan taron. An kama ta ne kawai watanni uku bayan tsare Seroney kuma tana adawa da Dokar Gwamnati. === Tsaro daga Jiha === An kama Chelagat kuma an tsare shi a ofishin 'yan sanda na Nairobi yana jiran shari'a. An tuhume ta da tayar da tashin hankali a Nakuru a gaban Babban Majalisa [[V.S. Dhir]] . Ta yi ikirarin cewa ba ta da laifi kuma lauyanta [[Paul Birech]] ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba ta belin amma majistare ya ki. An shirya shari'ar ne a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1976, wanda ke nufin za a tsare ta na makonni biyu kafin shari'ar. Mai ba da shawara Paul Birech ya roki majistare cewa za ta kai rahoto ga 'yan sanda kowace rana idan hakan zai gamsar da majistare wanda ya cancanci a ba ta belin. Ya ƙi. Tun daga wannan lokacin, bayyanarta a kotu za ta kasance daga kurkuku. Ko da a matsayin wanda aka tsare, za a gabatar da Seroney a kotu a matsayin mai ba da shawara amma hakan bai taimaka ba. Chelagat ta canza tawagar tsaron ta ta kawo manyan lauyoyi [[Lee Muthoga]] da S.M. Otieno wadanda suka yi gwagwarmaya don 'yancinta. Ta rasa shari'ar kuma Dhir ya yanke mata hukuncin shekaru biyu da rabi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Criminal Appeal 109 of 1976 - Kenya Law |url=http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/38319 |access-date=2018-12-05 |website=kenyalaw.org}}</ref> An tsare ta a gidan yarin mata na Langata a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1976, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan yaren Nakuru. Nan da nan ta gabatar da sabon shari'a a Babban Kotun a gaban Mai Shari'a Allan Hancox da Mai Shari'ar James Wicks . Ta sake rasa shari'ar. Daga nan sai ta koma [[East Africa Court of Appeal|Kotun daukaka kara ta Gabashin Afirka]] sannan ta kasance a [[Dar es Salaam]] . Shari'arta ta zo ne a gaban Alkalai [[Samuel Wambuzi]], [[Abdulla Mustafa]] da Eric Ewan Law . Kotun daukaka kara ta ba da hukuncin a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1977, tana tabbatar da shawarar da kotun ta yanke. A wannan lokacin ta riga ta yi shekara guda a kurkuku. === Lokaci a Kurkuku === A lokacin da take kurkuku, amininta na kusa, Memba na Kitutu [[George Moseti|George Anyona]] ya yi yaƙi don jin daɗin ta. A bayyane yake, an hana dangin Chelagat da wasu 'yan majalisa damar ganin ta amma Anyona ta tura Jiha da wuya ta sami iyakantaccen damar zuwa gare ta. Chelagat ta yi amfani da lokacinta a kurkuku gaba ɗaya kuma ba ta sami parole ko gafarar shugaban kasa kamar yadda yawancin fursunoni na ɗan gajeren lokaci zasu yi ba. Ta kasance mafi yawa a cikin kaɗaici kuma an bar ta zuwa filin aiki inda aka ba ta aikin karya duwatsu ta amfani da guduma mai nauyi. Ayyukansa sun kasance masu banƙyama kuma daga baya za ta koyi cewa Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Moi (wanda ke kula da tsarin Kurkuku) da kansa ya tsara jadawalin aikinta da nauyin aiki. An kuma kai ta kurkuku mai zaman kanta kuma ta yi aiki tuƙuru a gonakin kurkuku yayin da duk sauran, wasu daga cikinsu suka yi aiki don manyan laifuka, suna da aiki mai sauƙi a masana'antun masana'antu na Nairobi.<ref>Interview with Chelagat Mutai by Godfrey K. Sang op cit.</ref><ref>Ibid.</ref> == Komawa zuwa Siyasa == A sakamakon lokacin da take kurkuku, ta rasa kujerarta ta Eldoret ta Arewa daidai da canjin Tsarin Mulki na Fabrairu 1966 wanda ya ba da cewa wani dan majalisa da ya kasa halartar zaman majalisa takwas a jere zai rasa kujerarsu. A ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1977, manomi na Eldoret [[Nicanor Kimurgor araap Sirma]] ya lashe zaben ta hanyar jefa kuri'u 2,339 a cikin zaben da aka nuna ta hanyar ƙarancin masu jefa kuri'a.<ref>The Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Act No. 17 of 1966</ref><ref>Daily Nation, June 27, 1977, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref> A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1978, an sake ta kuma a wannan lokacin, Moi ya zama shugaban kasa. An sake ta a daidai lokacin da za ta yi takara a lokacin zaben 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexis® - Sign In {{!}} LexisNexis |url=https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=d66245cf-b94d-49a1-a213-9fe30d346970&pddocfullpath=/shared/document/news/urn:contentItem:58W4-1831-DYR8-33HG-00000-00&pddocid=urn:contentItem:58W4-1831-DYR8-33HG-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=8320&pdteaserkey=sr1&pditab=allpods&ecomp=5ynk&earg=sr1&prid=ea27ed35-4f37-4ddc-bcf8-6e63809f1f9b |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=advance.lexis.com}}</ref> Ta tsaya takara a zaben 1979 don tsohon kujerarta kuma ta koma majalisar yayin da tsohon Seroney ya rasa kujerarsa. A zaben 1979, ta kori Sirma ba tare da ƙoƙari ba. === Ƙarin matsaloli === Nasararta ba ta daidaita da gwamnatin Moi ba saboda har yanzu ana daukar ta a matsayin 'yar tawaye. Ta ci gaba da sukar da ta yi wa gwamnati kuma ta yi magana game da rashin isasshen martani na gwamnati a lokacin yunwa ta 1980. Ba da daɗewa ba ta shiga cikin matsala. A watan Satumbar 1981 ta sami wasu bayanan sirri cewa za a kama ta biyo bayan zarge-zargen da ake yi wa majalisa game da motarta. Ba ita kaɗai ba ce, wasu 'yan majalisa da yawa suna karkashin bincike amma waɗanda aka ɗauka masu adawa da gwamnati, an yi niyya. A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1981, Wakilin Arewacin Nakuru Koigi wa Wamwere da Wakilin Gabashin Kitutu [[Abuya Abuya]] da Wakilin Wundanyi [[Mashengu Mwachofi]] sun bukaci a san a majalisar dalilin da ya sa 'yan sanda ke binciken su. Sun sanar da majalisar cewa Chelagat Mutai da Nyando MP [[Onyango Midika]], Bungoma South MP Lawrence Sifuna da Lurambi South MP, [[Wasike Ndombi]] duk suna karkashin bincike. Dukansu sun kasance masu sukar Gwamnati. Kashegari ta gabatar da kanta ga 'yan sanda wadanda suka karɓi sanarwa daga gare ta kuma suka ɗaure ta don bayyana a kotu. A ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1981, an tuhume shi da laifuka 48 na yin ikirarin mil na ƙarya wanda ya kai Sh. 69,345. Ta musanta zargin a gaban Babban Alkalin Fidahussein E. Abdullah kuma an sake ta a kan Sh. 50,000 bond. An shirya sauraron ne a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1981. Mataimakin mai gabatar da kara Sharad Rao ne ya jagoranci karar yayin da lauya Kirumba Mwaura ya jagoranci kare ta. Amma ta san cewa za a ɗaure ta sosai, kuma ba ta da mahimmanci ko da'awar gaskiya ne ko a'a. Da ta tuna abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin da ta kasance a kurkuku, ba ta so ta dauki dama kuma ta zaɓi gudun hijira. Ta hau bas a hankali kuma ta yi tafiya ba tare da saninsa ba zuwa kudu zuwa iyakar Tanzania. Ta isa tashar iyakar Namanga kuma ta haye zuwa Tanzania ta ƙare a Dar es Salaam . Lokacin da ta isa, ta ba da rahoton ga hukumomi a Dar cewa ta tsere daga Kenya. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1981, Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mista [[Fidahussein Abdullah]] ya ba da izinin kama ta bayan ta kasa bayyana a Kotun. An tambayi tambayoyi da yawa a majalisa game da bacewarta tare da mutane da yawa suna tsoron cewa ana iya sace ta ko ma an kashe ta. Koyaya, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1981, Ministan Tsaro na Cikin Gida [[G.G. Kariuki]] ya sanar a majalisar cewa Mutai ya tsere daga ƙasar zuwa Tanzania. Bayan ta zauna daga majalisa na zaman majalisa na takwas a jere, Kakakin Fred Mati ya ayyana kujerarta babu kowa. A cikin zaɓen da za a maye gurbin ta, kawunta William Morogo Saina ta hana ta jam'iyyar Kanu mai mulki daga yin takara kuma wannan ya ba da dama ga mai nasara [[Nicanor Kimurgor Sirma]].<ref>Daily Nation, September 20, 1977, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref><ref>Ibid.</ref><ref>Daily Nation, September 22, 1981, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref><ref>Ibid.</ref> == Rayuwa a Balaguro == Bayan ta isa Tanzania, hukumomi sun kira ta kuma sun tambaye ta dalilin da ya sa ta sauya sheka. Sun yi mata alheri kuma sun karbe ta da kyau. A fannin siyasa, Kenya da Tanzania sun kasance da rikice-rikice sosai bayan rushewar Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka a 1977. Wannan ya sanar da zaɓin Chelagat na Tanzania don zuwa gudun hijira saboda damar fitarwa ba ta da yawa. Bayan tambayoyinta, an kai ta ga saduwa da Shugaban Tanzania [[Julius Nyerere]] da kansa kuma ya bayyana masa abin da ke faruwa da ita. Ya yi tambaya game da halin da ake ciki na siyasa a Kenya. Mwalimu Nyerere ta ba da umarnin a ba ta aiki kuma ta zaɓi yin aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida. An sanya ta a daya daga cikin manyan jaridu a Tanzania inda ayyukanta galibi edita ne. Nyerere ta yi watsi da rokon Kenya na mika ta. Bayan kwanaki na hasashe, musamman a Kenya, Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Tanzania Brig. Muhidin Kimario ya tabbatar da kasancewar Chelagat a Tanzania. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1981, Babban Lauyan Joseph Kamere ya yi kira ga dawo da ita daga Tanzania amma Brig. Kimario ya bayyana cewa ana la'akari da bukatar Chelagat na mafaka ta siyasa a karkashin ka'idojin kasa da kasa. Brigaider Janar Kimario, wanda ya kasance jarumi na yakin Tanzania-Uganda wanda ya ga korar [[Idi Amin]] na Uganda, ya ki fitar da Chelagat.<ref>Daily Nation, November 4, 1981, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref><ref>Daily Nation, November 12, 1981, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref> Ko da yake tana da nisa, ta bi siyasar Kenya sosai. A lokacin da ake shirin yin rajistar sabuwar jam'iyya da George Anyona da Oginga Odinga suka shirya, Anyona ta sadu da Seroney a kokarin daukar shi amma shi (Seroney) ya fita daga ciki kuma a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙarancin siyasa. Sun amince cewa Chelagat zai zama kyakkyawan goyon baya ga sabuwar jam'iyyar. Tare da Seroney, Anyona ta yi kira ta tarho tana roƙon ta ta koma Kenya kuma ta shiga cikin jam'iyyar adawa da aka tsara amma ta ƙi cikin ladabi.<ref>Interview with Godfrey K. Sang op cit.</ref> Yunkurin kaddamar da wannan Jam'iyyar - wanda aka fi sani da [[Kenya African Socialist Alliance]] (KASA), ya sa George Anyona a kurkuku kuma Oginga Odinga a cikin gidan kama. A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1982, an kama Anyona yayin da yake tafiya zuwa otal na gida don sanar da kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar. An tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba har tsawon shekaru da yawa. Idan Chelagat ya amince kuma ya dawo, ba tare da wata shakka ba, da ta ƙare a kurkuku. Kira ta waya tare da Seroney shine karo na farko da ta yi magana da shi tun lokacin da ta gudu. Zai zama na karshe. Seroney ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1982, a karkashin yanayi mai ban mamaki. == Rayuwa bayan gudun hijira == Chelagat ta kasance a gudun hijira har zuwa 1984, kuma bayan da ta yanke hukunci cewa yanayin siyasa a Kenya ya sanyaya, sai ta dawo. Chelagat ya zaɓi ya kasance cikin shiru yana kallon halin da ake ciki na siyasa ba tare da yin magana ba. Ta koma jam'iyyar KANU kuma an nada ta zuwa matsayi a Bankin Kasuwancin Kenya da ke aiki a KICC a Nairobi (Hedikwatar KANU a lokacin). Daga baya aka nada ta a cikin Kwamitin Dindindin kan 'Yancin Dan Adam amma Shugaba Moi ya kore ta ta ta hanyar sanarwar rediyo a watan Yunin 1999. Ta koma zama a gonar mahaifinta. A cikin hatsarin hanya na shekara ta 2006 Chelagat ya sami raunuka da yawa da karyewa. An kuma gano ta da matsalar kashin baya wanda ta yi jinya amma ta ci gaba da maimaitawa. Ta kasa tafiya. Ta koma Nairobi don magani amma yanayinta ya juya zuwa mafi muni ta ƙare tana zaune a cikin ɗaki ɗaya na aboki a wani yanki mai ƙarancin kuɗi na Nairobi. A watan Yunin 2011 an kwantar da ita a asibitin Spinal Injury bayan sa hannun tsohon Firayim Minista [[Raila A Odinga|Raila Odinga]] . Ta ci gaba da warkewa a cikin wani gida a Ngong Road wanda masu ba da gudummawa suka shirya mata. Makonni bayan haka, an kwantar da ita a asibiti tare da ciwon huhu mai tsanani. An sallame ta bayan mako guda kuma ta koma gida, amma yanayinta ya kara muni kuma an gaggauta dawo da ita. A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2013, ta mutu a asibiti. == Kyauta == Chelagat Mutai ya yi yaƙi don 'yanci na tsarin mulki, [[Dokokin doka|mulkin doka]], kuma ya yi yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa, cin zarafin iko da kisan gillar siyasa. Ta tsaya don adalci na zamantakewa kuma ta kasance mai kare dimokuradiyya da haƙƙin mata kuma ta biya shi tare da lokacin da take kurkuku da gudun hijira. Da yake ta fito ne daga al'umma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mace ce marar aure, ta shawo kan yiwuwar zama mace ta farko ta Kalenjin da aka zaba a majalisar kuma ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a lokacinta. Ta kasance babbar wahayi ga mata da matasa. Majalisar dokoki ta 10 (2008-2013) ta ga zaben mafi yawan mata na Kalenjin a karkashin tsohuwar Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Daga cikin mata 22 da aka zaba a majalisar dokoki ta 10, an zabi kashi ɗaya bisa uku (bakwai a cikin adadi) daga yawancin mazabu na Kalenjin waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa mafi yawan mata da aka samo daga al'umma ɗaya. Wadannan sune [[Beatrice Kones]], Farfesa [[Hellen Sambili]], [[Joyce Laboso]], Linah Jebii Kilimo, Farfesa [[Margaret Kamar]], [[Peris Simam]], da Dokta [[Sally Kosgei|Sally Kosgey]]. Joyce Laboso ta ci gaba da zama mace ta farko Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Kenya.<ref>Mburia P., Thuo, J., Nyambala M., (2011), Journey to Leadership: Women Legislators In Kenya’s Tenth Parliament, AMWIK, Nairobi.</ref> Mutuwar Chelagat Mutai ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, saboda ta nuna faduwar daya daga cikin 'Swararrun 'Swarzon Gashi Bakwai', sunan da aka danganta ga tsohon Babban Lauyan Charles Njonjo wanda ke kwatanta mambobin majalisar dokokin Kenya masu adawa. Wadannan mutane sun tayar da muhimman batutuwa da suka shafi 'yan Kenya kuma wadanda gwamnatin Kenyatta ba ta so. Membobin wannan ƙungiyar sun haɗa da Koigi wa Wamwere, Lawrence Sifuna, [[Abuya Abuya]], Chelagat Mutai, [[George Moseti|George Anyona]], James Orengo, [[Chibule wa Tsuma]] da [[Mashengu wa Mwachofi]] . <ref name="Tanui">{{Cite web |last=Tanui |first=Kipkoech |title=What broke Chelagat Mutai's spirit and drove her deep into despair |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000087990/what-broke-chelagat-mutai-s-spirit-and-drove-her-deep-into-despair |access-date=2018-12-05 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Ta kasance jarumi na 'yanci na biyu duk da cewa ta mutu cikin talauci ba ta iya amfana daga shekaru da yawa na fafutukar zamantakewa ba. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kenya na 2010 yana ɗauke da muryoyin masu gwagwarmayar zamantakewa da siyasa da yawa a cikin shekaru. Yana ɗauke da muryar Chelagat ma. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8iifrzshz97qhh6xx33296t6x7qlf8h 839260 839259 2026-05-23T07:02:09Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = Chelagat Mutai | birth_date = {{birth date|1949|1|29}} | birth_place = [[Kenya]] | death_date = {{death date|2013|7|6}} | death_place = [[Nairobi, Kenya]] | citizenship = Kenyan | occupation = {{ubl|Politician|Journalist|Activist}} | known_for = Pro-democracy activism, exile politics, women's political leadership | party = Kenya African National Union (KANU) | office = Member of Parliament for Eldoret North | term_start = 1974 | term_end = 1979 | successor = Nicanor Kimurgor Sirma | profession = [[Journalist]] }} '''Philomena Chelagat Mutai''' (29 ga Janairu, 1949 – 6 ga Yuli, 2013) fitacciyar ‘yar siyasar Kenya ce kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam wadda ta shahara saboda kalamai masu ƙarfi da jarumtaka a ciki da wajen Majalisar Dokokin Kenya. An fi saninta da suna “Chelagat Mutai”. Ta fara ne a matsayin mai fafutukar ɗalibai kuma ‘yar jarida mai faɗin albarkacin baki, daga baya ta shiga harkar siyasa tun tana matashiya, inda ta zama babbar mai sukar gwamnatin Kenya. Ta zama fursuna na [[Amnesty International]] saboda lamiri lokacin da gwamnatin Shugaba [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ta yi watsi da rashin amincewa kuma ta jefa ta a kurkuku. Daga bisani aka kore ta daga Kenya ta shiga cikin 'yan adawa na Kenya da ke tserewa daga mulkin [[Jomo Kenyatta|Mzee Jomo Kenyatta]] Da Daniel Ni. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1974, tana da shekaru 25, ta zama ƙaramar yarinya da aka zaba a majalisar dokokin Kenya, inda ta kayar da 'yan takarar maza 11 a cikin tseren tseren Eldoret North. Nan da nan ta shiga siyasar hagu ta Kenya, ta zama mai sukar gwamnatin Kenyatta, kuma an ɗaure ta a kurkuku a sakamakon haka. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka ɗaure ta, ta koma siyasa ta dawo da kujerar da ta rasa. Ba za ta daɗe ba kuma za a kore ta daga Kenya, ta guje wa abin da ta yi imanin cewa wani zagaye ne na tsare-tsare na siyasa. Ta yi shekaru da yawa a gudun hijira a Tanzania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chelagat Mutai – Team Courage |url=https://teamcourage.co.ke/heroes/chelagat-mutai/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205193439/https://teamcourage.co.ke/heroes/chelagat-mutai/ |archive-date=2018-12-05 |access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okemwa |first=Joshua Ogeto |date=2016 |title=ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE MAKING OF KENYAN POLITICAL HISTORY: A CASE OF CHELAGAT MUTAI AMONG THE NANDI, 1949-2013 |url=http://library.kisiiuniversity.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/347 |url-status=dead |journal=Kisii University, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724045443/http://library.kisiiuniversity.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/347 |archive-date=2019-07-24 |access-date=2018-12-05}}</ref> Ta goyi bayan hada mata a cikin siyasar Kenya da al'umma, kuma a matsayin mai fafutuka na rayuwa don kyakkyawan shugabanci. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chelagat Mutai a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1949, a Terige Sublocation, Lessos Location a Nandi County . Ita ce 'yar karshe ta [[Antony Kimutai araap Kogo]] wani fitaccen manomi na gida da [[Paulina Kogo]] . Iyalinta sun kasance Katolika ne sosai kuma a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1949, an yi mata baftisma a Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph's Chepterit ta shugaban firist Fr. John Daley . An ba ta sunan 'Filomena' wanda daga baya ta rubuta Philomena . An haifi Chelagat ne a cikin iyali mai aiki a siyasa. Mahaifinta ya kasance a wani lokaci memba na majalisar Nandi Local Native Council (LNC) a Kapsabet . Kakanta [[Michael Kibet Rongoei]] ya yi aiki a [[Rift Valley Regional Assembly|Majalisar Yankin Rift Valley]] da kuma [[Sirikwa County Council|Majalisar Gundumar Sirikwa]] a matsayin wakilin. Kakan mahaifiyarta [[William Morogo Saina]] daga baya za ta zama memba na Majalisar [[Eldoret North|Eldoret ta Arewa]] kuma wanda za ta yi nasara lokacin da ta shiga siyasa. Babban ɗan'uwanta Eng [[Jan Mutai]] (1945-2020) sanannen ma'aikacin gwamnati ne wanda a wani lokaci ya kasance Manajan Darakta na babbar [[Kenya Posts & Telecommunications Corporation|Kamfanin Kenya Posts & Telecommunications]] Corporation (KPTC). == Ilimi == Chelagat ta fara karatunta na firamare a Makarantar Firamare ta Terige a shekarar 1956. Ta yi karatu a can har zuwa 1960, sannan ta koma Makarantar Firamare ta Chepterit wadda mishan Katolika suka kafa a Nandi. Ta ci gaba da zama ɗaliba a can har zuwa 1962, lokacin da ta zauna jarrabawar Kenya African Preliminary Examination (KAPE) kuma ta ci ta. A shekarar da ta biyo baya, wato 1963, ta shiga Makarantar Sakandare ta ’Yan Mata ta St. Joseph’s Chepterit, wadda kuma mishan Mill Hill ke gudanarwa a Nandi. A 1966 ta zauna jarrabawar East Africa Certificate of Education (EACE) ta shekara ta huɗu kuma ta ci ta. Kwarewarta ta shugabanci da fafutuka sun fara bayyana tun tana makaranta. A lokacin sakandare, tana yawan fito wa da rashin adalci daga shugabancin makaranta, har ma tana jagorantar yajin halartar darasi idan ta ga an tauye haƙƙin ɗalibai. Sau da yawa ana tura ta gida saboda tsaurin ra’ayi, amma hakan bai hana ta ci gaba da kasancewa hazikiyar ɗaliba ba, domin kullum tana cikin sahun farko a aji. Duk da yawan rashin halartar makaranta, ta ci jarabawarta a Chepterit sannan ta wuce makarantar Highlands Girls High School da ke Eldoret, wacce a yau ake kira Moi Girls High School Eldoret. Har a sabuwar makarantar, ta ci gaba da tunkarar shugabannin makaranta, abin da ya sa ta shiga matsaloli sau da dama. Har ma ta rubuta jarabawar A-level daga waje bayan ta samu sabani da shugabancin makaranta. Duk da haka, ta sake cin jarabawar da sakamako mai kyau, sannan aka karɓe ta a [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] a shekarar 1970 domin yin digiri a fannin [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyya ta siyasa]] (Political Science). == Rayuwa a Jami'ar == Chelagat ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko ’yan Kalenjin da aka karɓa a sabuwar Jami’ar Nairobi da aka kafa. Ta isa babban harabar jami’ar a watan Satumba na shekarar 1970 domin fara karatun digiri nata. Kafin haka, ta riga ta samu aikin wucin gadi a wata fitacciyar jarida ta Nairobi mai suna ''The East African Standard'', inda take aiki a matsayin ’yar jarida. Ta fi yin rahotonta ne a cikin birnin Nairobi. Ta yi murabus daga aikin ne jim kaɗan kafin ta shiga jami’a, bayan ta yi watanni shida kacal tana aiki. A lokacin, mata kaɗan ne kawai a harabar jami’ar, kuma mata daga ƙabilarta ta Kalenjin sun fi ƙaranci sosai. Duk da kasancewarta a cikin ’yan tsiraru, kasancewarta a jami’ar ta fito sosai, domin tana da baiwar iya magana a bainar jama’a, tana gabatar da jawaban zafi a lokacin ''kamukunji'' (wato tarurrukan ɗalibai na tattauna batutuwan da ke tasowa da shafar ɗalibai)..<ref>{{Cite web |title=The girl who fought 'men wars' at varsity, against Kenyatta |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-1909162-11lhvr6z/index.html |access-date=2018-12-05 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Chelagat_Mutai_at_the_UoN.jpg|thumb|Chelagat Mutai a Jami'ar Nairobi 1971]] A shekara ta 1972, ta tsunduma sosai cikin siyasar ɗalibai, kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta taɓa zama edita na mujallar ɗalibai mai suna ''The Anvil''. Ta yi amfani da iliminta a fannin jarida wajen rubuta labarai da ke sukar shugabancin jami’a da kuma yanke shawarorin da ke shafar jin daɗin ɗalibai. A farkon shekarar 1973, ta buga rahotanni masu tayar da hankali a cikin jaridarta, waɗanda aka ɗora musu alhakin haddasa tarzomar ɗalibai a Jami’ar. Nan take aka kore ta daga jami’a kuma aka umarce ta da ta fice daga harabar makarantar. A lokacin, ta kusa fara zangon karatu na uku, tana da semester ɗaya kacal ta kammala karatunta. Ba tare da wata dama ta samun aiki a Nairobi ba, ta koma garinsu na Terige a gundumar Nandi, inda ta fara koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta yankin.<ref>Sang Godfrey K.,(20 Just for Today: The Life and Times of Jean-Marie Seroney, 2nd Edition, Gapman Publications, p. 421</ref> == Ƙin Fasfo == Da yake fahimtar babban damar da take da ita, daya daga cikin malaman kasashen waje na Amurka waɗanda ta saba da su, ta shirya don cikakken tallafin karatu a [[Jami'ar Harvard]]. An yi niyyar bayar da rahoto a watan Satumbar 1973 don ci gaba da inda ta tafi. Bayan ta yi aikin takarda, wasikar shigarwa da tikitin ta iso ba da daɗewa ba. Abin da take bukata shi ne fasfo. [[Kenya Immigration Department|Ma'aikatar Shige da Fice ta Kenya]] tana karkashin ma'aikatun Harkokin Cikin Gida, karkashin jagorancin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Daniel Arap Ni. Duk da ziyarar da ta kai ofishin sau da yawa, ta koyi daga daya daga cikin jami'an cewa Moi da kansa ta kira fayil dinta kuma ta hana bayar da fasfo.<ref>Interview with Chelagat Mutai by Godfrey K. Sang on December 8, 2011 at Nairobi.</ref> Chelagat ya je ya gan shi game da fasfo dinta kuma duk da abin da ta yi don roƙonsa, ya ki amincewa da bayar da shi. Babu wanda zai daina da sauƙi, ta shirya wa wani dangi mai suna Stanley Some wanda da kansa ya san Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Moi don ya roki shari'arta a gabansa. Wasu sun yi aiki a rundunar sojin saman Kenya a matsayin ma'aikacin farar hula. Ya yi hanyarsa don ganin Moi a wannan lokacin, Moi ya ki kuma wannan shine ƙarshen labarin.<ref>Ibid.</ref> == Yunkurin siyasa == Matsalolin siyasa na Chelagat tare da gwamnatin Kenyatta sun fara ne tun lokacin da take daliba a [[Highlands Girls High School|Makarantar Sakandaren 'yan mata ta Highlands]]. Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Moi ya riga ya zama shugaban kwamitin. An gano Chelagat a matsayin mai kawo matsala ta hanyar gudanar da makarantar. A cikin nuna ƙarfin hali mai ban mamaki ta taɓa yin jayayya mai zafi tare da Shugaban makarantar Turai kuma an dakatar da ita daga makaranta. An dakatar da ita kuma ta zauna a gida na ɗan lokaci kafin ta koma makaranta, har ma a lokacin, ta zama saman ajin ta. Halin da take da shi ya ragu sosai ta hanyar basirarta. Ta kasance ba tare da ƙoƙari ba a saman aji ba duk abin da ƙalubalen yake. Moi ne zai ba ta lambar yabo ta Merit a lokacin kwanakin bayar da kyaututtuka. Dakatar da ita ba ta farko ba ce, an dakatar da ita a makarantar O-Levels Chepterit Girls saboda 'amsa malamai. " An kuma dakatar da ita ne a makarantar A-Leveles don ɗaukar shugaban makarantar har ma a Jami'ar za a kore ta saboda gwagwarmayarta. A Gabashin Afirka, ta rubuta labaru da yawa da ke nuna yanayin siyasa da zamantakewa na wannan lokacin. Daga aikin jarida ne aka nada ta editan mujallar kwalejin, amma aikinta ne a can ya sa aka kore ta daga Jami'ar. Babban hutu ya zo ne lokacin da ta sami tallafin karatu a Harvard a lokacin da aka dakatar da ita. Rashin iya samun fasfo saboda dalilai na siyasa ya sa ta rasa tallafin karatu. Ta koma ƙauyen gidanta a hankali kuma ta koyar a makarantar sakandare da ke kusa. == Shigar da siyasa == Bayan da shirinta na tafiya zuwa Amurka ya rushe, ta nemi Ministan Ilimi [[Taaita Toweett]], wanda ya sauya korarta don haka ta sami damar kammala karatun jami'a a shekara ta 1974. A lokacin da take Jami'ar Nairobi ne ta saba da dan majalisa mai suna Tinderet [[Jean-Marie Seroney]], wanda ke ba gwamnatin Kenyatta dare mara barci. A wannan lokacin, kawunta Eldoret North MP [[William Morogo Saina]] wanda shi ma babban aboki ne na Seroney, an daure shi kan zargin satar kayan aiki don kayan aikin gona. Chelagat Mutai, kusan daga Jami'ar, Seroney ta nemi ta gudu don kujerar Eldoret ta Arewa a cikin babban zaben da ke zuwa. Seroney yanzu ita ce mai kula da siyasa. An kira Babban Zabe a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1974. Wannan shi ne karo na biyu da Kenya ke gudanar da Babban Zabe a karkashin Gwamnatin Kanu. A cikin ƙasa, jimlar 'yan takara 733 suna neman kujeru 158 tare da' yan takara goma sha biyar mata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Remembering Philomena Chelagat Mutai four years after her death |url=http://kariron.com/Home/Article/50074 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129050427/http://kariron.com/Home/Article/50074 |archive-date=2018-11-29 |access-date=2018-11-29 |website=kariron.com}}</ref> Tsoron farawarta ta siyasa, Seroney ya tabbatar mata har ma ya yi alkawarin cewa zai yi mata kamfen. Amma a taron su na farko a Ziwa, Seroney kawai ya gabatar da ita ga mutane kuma ya bar ta ita kadai. An tura ta zuwa zurfin ƙarshen tafkin. Da yake ita ce kadai 'yar takarar mata, ta ratsa mazabar tana yin jawabai masu ban sha'awa kuma ta fara juyawa kan 'yan siyasa masu ƙwarewa. Tare da filin maza 11 masu fafatawa, ta fito a saman tare da kuri'u 10,432 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 40.20% na kuri'un da aka jefa. Ba wai kawai ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata huɗu da aka zaba a majalisar ba amma ita ce ƙaramar mutum da aka taɓa zabarwa a Kenya a wannan lokacin. Tana da shekaru 25, watanni 8, makonni 2 da rana 1. Rubuce-rubucen da ta yi a matsayin mace mafi ƙanƙanta da aka zaba, ya kasance har zuwa 9 ga Agusta, 2022, lokacin da [[Linet Chepkorir Toto]] ta karya rikodin lokacin da a shekara 24 aka zabe ta ta zama wakilin mata na Bomet County . Rubuce-rubucen Chelagat ya kasance na shekaru 47, watanni 9, makonni 3, da kwanaki 5. An karya ta ne kawai bayan mutuwarta. Ita ce kuma mace ta farko ta Kalenjin da aka zaba a majalisar, rikodin da ta rike har zuwa 2002 tare da zaben [[Alice Chelaite]] a matsayin Rongai MP a kan tikitin Narc. == Fursunoni na siyasa == Lokacin da aka tsare Seroney a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1975, Chelagat Mutai yana tare da shi kuma a farkon ranar ya sanar da gidan da kasancewar 'baƙi' a cikin majalisa. Ta gaya wa gidan cewa "sun yi niyyar kama Seroney. " Ya zama cewa su jami'an 'yan sanda ne da ke sanye da tufafi masu kyau waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin umarni don kama Seroney da Martin Shikuku. Bayan kama su, Chelagat zai zama mutum daya da ke ci gaba da yin gwagwarmaya don 'yancinsu a bene na House. Iyalin Seroney sun zo wurin ta neman taimako don samun Gwamnati ta ba su damar zuwa gare shi. Mutai ya zama sabon ƙaya a cikin nama ga Jiha. Matsalolin Mutai da kansa ba su da nisa sosai. A watan Janairun 1976 ta kada kuri'a a kan gyaran kundin tsarin mulki da aka tsara don ba da ƙarin iko ga Shugaban kasa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan haka a ranar 25 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1976, an kama ta kuma an tuhume ta da tayar da hankali lokacin da masu zaman kansu a mazabarta suka mamaye gonar sisal wanda mai shi ya sayar musu. Bayan karbar kuɗin, mai shi a bayyane ya sami ƙafafun sanyi kuma ya kasa canja ƙasar ga masu siye na gaskiya wanda ya haifar da masu ba da haƙuri don mamayewa. Chelagat ya yi sulhu da yarjejeniyar kuma ya biya mai mallakar ƙasar kowane cent na ƙarshe da ya nema. "Na gabatar da daruruwan tsoffin bayanan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga squatters don siyan ƙasar. " Kuma har ma bayan da squatters suka koma ciki, ya dace ga Jiha ta gabatar da tuhuma a kanta bayan da ta kada kuri'a a kan muhimmiyar gyare-gyare.<ref name="Sang" /> == 'Rashin mamayewa' gonar Ziwa Sisal == A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1975, Chelagat ya gudanar da taro tare da squatters a Ziwa Estate Sisal Plantation har ma ya gayyaci Seroney a matsayin babban baƙo a wani taron tara kuɗi da aka gudanar a makarantar firamare ta Kerotet. A cikin tarihin Keya, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta gabatar da Squatterism don tabbatar da samar da ma'aikata a gonaki. An tilasta wa 'yan Afirka barin ƙauyukansu su zauna a matsayin masu aiki a wani sashi na gonar don samar da aiki ga manomi mai zama. A Independence a 1963, yawancin squatters sun sami kansu ba tare da ƙasa ba kuma duk da haka ba za su iya mallakar ƙasar da suka mamaye shekaru da yawa ba yayin da aka sayar da ita ga sababbin masu mallakar. Da yawa daga cikinsu, waɗanda ke da da'awar tarihi ga ƙasar da suka mamaye, sun ƙare ba tare da ƙasa ba saboda yawan kuɗin da suke samu sau da yawa kaɗan ne ko kuma ba daidai ba ne don siyan kowane ƙasa. Wadanda suka fi dacewa sun hada da ƙananan kuɗin da suka sayi gonakin da manoma suka kasance mallakar su. Wannan shi ne yanayin da gonar Ziwa Sisal mallakar manomi na Asiya. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan taron, masu squatters sun mamaye gonar kuma sun raba kansu a ciki bisa ga hannun jarin su. Maimakon a kama su nan da nan; sun jira watanni huɗu bayan taron. An kama ta ne kawai watanni uku bayan tsare Seroney kuma tana adawa da Dokar Gwamnati. === Tsaro daga Jiha === An kama Chelagat kuma an tsare shi a ofishin 'yan sanda na Nairobi yana jiran shari'a. An tuhume ta da tayar da tashin hankali a Nakuru a gaban Babban Majalisa [[V.S. Dhir]] . Ta yi ikirarin cewa ba ta da laifi kuma lauyanta [[Paul Birech]] ya yi ƙoƙari ya ba ta belin amma majistare ya ki. An shirya shari'ar ne a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1976, wanda ke nufin za a tsare ta na makonni biyu kafin shari'ar. Mai ba da shawara Paul Birech ya roki majistare cewa za ta kai rahoto ga 'yan sanda kowace rana idan hakan zai gamsar da majistare wanda ya cancanci a ba ta belin. Ya ƙi. Tun daga wannan lokacin, bayyanarta a kotu za ta kasance daga kurkuku. Ko da a matsayin wanda aka tsare, za a gabatar da Seroney a kotu a matsayin mai ba da shawara amma hakan bai taimaka ba. Chelagat ta canza tawagar tsaron ta ta kawo manyan lauyoyi [[Lee Muthoga]] da S.M. Otieno wadanda suka yi gwagwarmaya don 'yancinta. Ta rasa shari'ar kuma Dhir ya yanke mata hukuncin shekaru biyu da rabi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Criminal Appeal 109 of 1976 - Kenya Law |url=http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/38319 |access-date=2018-12-05 |website=kenyalaw.org}}</ref> An tsare ta a gidan yarin mata na Langata a ranar 10 ga Maris, 1976, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan yaren Nakuru. Nan da nan ta gabatar da sabon shari'a a Babban Kotun a gaban Mai Shari'a Allan Hancox da Mai Shari'ar James Wicks . Ta sake rasa shari'ar. Daga nan sai ta koma [[East Africa Court of Appeal|Kotun daukaka kara ta Gabashin Afirka]] sannan ta kasance a [[Dar es Salaam]] . Shari'arta ta zo ne a gaban Alkalai [[Samuel Wambuzi]], [[Abdulla Mustafa]] da Eric Ewan Law . Kotun daukaka kara ta ba da hukuncin a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1977, tana tabbatar da shawarar da kotun ta yanke. A wannan lokacin ta riga ta yi shekara guda a kurkuku. === Lokaci a Kurkuku === A lokacin da take kurkuku, amininta na kusa, Memba na Kitutu [[George Moseti|George Anyona]] ya yi yaƙi don jin daɗin ta. A bayyane yake, an hana dangin Chelagat da wasu 'yan majalisa damar ganin ta amma Anyona ta tura Jiha da wuya ta sami iyakantaccen damar zuwa gare ta. Chelagat ta yi amfani da lokacinta a kurkuku gaba ɗaya kuma ba ta sami parole ko gafarar shugaban kasa kamar yadda yawancin fursunoni na ɗan gajeren lokaci zasu yi ba. Ta kasance mafi yawa a cikin kaɗaici kuma an bar ta zuwa filin aiki inda aka ba ta aikin karya duwatsu ta amfani da guduma mai nauyi. Ayyukansa sun kasance masu banƙyama kuma daga baya za ta koyi cewa Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Moi (wanda ke kula da tsarin Kurkuku) da kansa ya tsara jadawalin aikinta da nauyin aiki. An kuma kai ta kurkuku mai zaman kanta kuma ta yi aiki tuƙuru a gonakin kurkuku yayin da duk sauran, wasu daga cikinsu suka yi aiki don manyan laifuka, suna da aiki mai sauƙi a masana'antun masana'antu na Nairobi.<ref>Interview with Chelagat Mutai by Godfrey K. Sang op cit.</ref><ref>Ibid.</ref> == Komawa zuwa Siyasa == A sakamakon lokacin da take kurkuku, ta rasa kujerarta ta Eldoret ta Arewa daidai da canjin Tsarin Mulki na Fabrairu 1966 wanda ya ba da cewa wani dan majalisa da ya kasa halartar zaman majalisa takwas a jere zai rasa kujerarsu. A ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1977, manomi na Eldoret [[Nicanor Kimurgor araap Sirma]] ya lashe zaben ta hanyar jefa kuri'u 2,339 a cikin zaben da aka nuna ta hanyar ƙarancin masu jefa kuri'a.<ref>The Constitution of Kenya (Amendment) Act No. 17 of 1966</ref><ref>Daily Nation, June 27, 1977, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref> A ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1978, an sake ta kuma a wannan lokacin, Moi ya zama shugaban kasa. An sake ta a daidai lokacin da za ta yi takara a lokacin zaben 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lexis® - Sign In {{!}} LexisNexis |url=https://advance.lexis.com/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=d66245cf-b94d-49a1-a213-9fe30d346970&pddocfullpath=/shared/document/news/urn:contentItem:58W4-1831-DYR8-33HG-00000-00&pddocid=urn:contentItem:58W4-1831-DYR8-33HG-00000-00&pdcontentcomponentid=8320&pdteaserkey=sr1&pditab=allpods&ecomp=5ynk&earg=sr1&prid=ea27ed35-4f37-4ddc-bcf8-6e63809f1f9b |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=advance.lexis.com}}</ref> Ta tsaya takara a zaben 1979 don tsohon kujerarta kuma ta koma majalisar yayin da tsohon Seroney ya rasa kujerarsa. A zaben 1979, ta kori Sirma ba tare da ƙoƙari ba. === Ƙarin matsaloli === Nasararta ba ta daidaita da gwamnatin Moi ba saboda har yanzu ana daukar ta a matsayin 'yar tawaye. Ta ci gaba da sukar da ta yi wa gwamnati kuma ta yi magana game da rashin isasshen martani na gwamnati a lokacin yunwa ta 1980. Ba da daɗewa ba ta shiga cikin matsala. A watan Satumbar 1981 ta sami wasu bayanan sirri cewa za a kama ta biyo bayan zarge-zargen da ake yi wa majalisa game da motarta. Ba ita kaɗai ba ce, wasu 'yan majalisa da yawa suna karkashin bincike amma waɗanda aka ɗauka masu adawa da gwamnati, an yi niyya. A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1981, Wakilin Arewacin Nakuru Koigi wa Wamwere da Wakilin Gabashin Kitutu [[Abuya Abuya]] da Wakilin Wundanyi [[Mashengu Mwachofi]] sun bukaci a san a majalisar dalilin da ya sa 'yan sanda ke binciken su. Sun sanar da majalisar cewa Chelagat Mutai da Nyando MP [[Onyango Midika]], Bungoma South MP Lawrence Sifuna da Lurambi South MP, [[Wasike Ndombi]] duk suna karkashin bincike. Dukansu sun kasance masu sukar Gwamnati. Kashegari ta gabatar da kanta ga 'yan sanda wadanda suka karɓi sanarwa daga gare ta kuma suka ɗaure ta don bayyana a kotu. A ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1981, an tuhume shi da laifuka 48 na yin ikirarin mil na ƙarya wanda ya kai Sh. 69,345. Ta musanta zargin a gaban Babban Alkalin Fidahussein E. Abdullah kuma an sake ta a kan Sh. 50,000 bond. An shirya sauraron ne a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1981. Mataimakin mai gabatar da kara Sharad Rao ne ya jagoranci karar yayin da lauya Kirumba Mwaura ya jagoranci kare ta. Amma ta san cewa za a ɗaure ta sosai, kuma ba ta da mahimmanci ko da'awar gaskiya ne ko a'a. Da ta tuna abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin da ta kasance a kurkuku, ba ta so ta dauki dama kuma ta zaɓi gudun hijira. Ta hau bas a hankali kuma ta yi tafiya ba tare da saninsa ba zuwa kudu zuwa iyakar Tanzania. Ta isa tashar iyakar Namanga kuma ta haye zuwa Tanzania ta ƙare a Dar es Salaam . Lokacin da ta isa, ta ba da rahoton ga hukumomi a Dar cewa ta tsere daga Kenya. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1981, Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mista [[Fidahussein Abdullah]] ya ba da izinin kama ta bayan ta kasa bayyana a Kotun. An tambayi tambayoyi da yawa a majalisa game da bacewarta tare da mutane da yawa suna tsoron cewa ana iya sace ta ko ma an kashe ta. Koyaya, a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 1981, Ministan Tsaro na Cikin Gida [[G.G. Kariuki]] ya sanar a majalisar cewa Mutai ya tsere daga ƙasar zuwa Tanzania. Bayan ta zauna daga majalisa na zaman majalisa na takwas a jere, Kakakin Fred Mati ya ayyana kujerarta babu kowa. A cikin zaɓen da za a maye gurbin ta, kawunta William Morogo Saina ta hana ta jam'iyyar Kanu mai mulki daga yin takara kuma wannan ya ba da dama ga mai nasara [[Nicanor Kimurgor Sirma]].<ref>Daily Nation, September 20, 1977, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref><ref>Ibid.</ref><ref>Daily Nation, September 22, 1981, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref><ref>Ibid.</ref> == Rayuwa a Balaguro == Bayan ta isa Tanzania, hukumomi sun kira ta kuma sun tambaye ta dalilin da ya sa ta sauya sheka. Sun yi mata alheri kuma sun karbe ta da kyau. A fannin siyasa, Kenya da Tanzania sun kasance da rikice-rikice sosai bayan rushewar Ƙungiyar Gabashin Afirka a 1977. Wannan ya sanar da zaɓin Chelagat na Tanzania don zuwa gudun hijira saboda damar fitarwa ba ta da yawa. Bayan tambayoyinta, an kai ta ga saduwa da Shugaban Tanzania [[Julius Nyerere]] da kansa kuma ya bayyana masa abin da ke faruwa da ita. Ya yi tambaya game da halin da ake ciki na siyasa a Kenya. Mwalimu Nyerere ta ba da umarnin a ba ta aiki kuma ta zaɓi yin aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida. An sanya ta a daya daga cikin manyan jaridu a Tanzania inda ayyukanta galibi edita ne. Nyerere ta yi watsi da rokon Kenya na mika ta. Bayan kwanaki na hasashe, musamman a Kenya, Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Tanzania Brig. Muhidin Kimario ya tabbatar da kasancewar Chelagat a Tanzania. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 1981, Babban Lauyan Joseph Kamere ya yi kira ga dawo da ita daga Tanzania amma Brig. Kimario ya bayyana cewa ana la'akari da bukatar Chelagat na mafaka ta siyasa a karkashin ka'idojin kasa da kasa. Brigaider Janar Kimario, wanda ya kasance jarumi na yakin Tanzania-Uganda wanda ya ga korar [[Idi Amin]] na Uganda, ya ki fitar da Chelagat.<ref>Daily Nation, November 4, 1981, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref><ref>Daily Nation, November 12, 1981, Nation Newspapers Ltd., p. 1</ref> Ko da yake tana da nisa, ta bi siyasar Kenya sosai. A lokacin da ake shirin yin rajistar sabuwar jam'iyya da George Anyona da Oginga Odinga suka shirya, Anyona ta sadu da Seroney a kokarin daukar shi amma shi (Seroney) ya fita daga ciki kuma a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙarancin siyasa. Sun amince cewa Chelagat zai zama kyakkyawan goyon baya ga sabuwar jam'iyyar. Tare da Seroney, Anyona ta yi kira ta tarho tana roƙon ta ta koma Kenya kuma ta shiga cikin jam'iyyar adawa da aka tsara amma ta ƙi cikin ladabi.<ref>Interview with Godfrey K. Sang op cit.</ref> Yunkurin kaddamar da wannan Jam'iyyar - wanda aka fi sani da [[Kenya African Socialist Alliance]] (KASA), ya sa George Anyona a kurkuku kuma Oginga Odinga a cikin gidan kama. A ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1982, an kama Anyona yayin da yake tafiya zuwa otal na gida don sanar da kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar. An tsare shi ba tare da shari'a ba har tsawon shekaru da yawa. Idan Chelagat ya amince kuma ya dawo, ba tare da wata shakka ba, da ta ƙare a kurkuku. Kira ta waya tare da Seroney shine karo na farko da ta yi magana da shi tun lokacin da ta gudu. Zai zama na karshe. Seroney ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1982, a karkashin yanayi mai ban mamaki. == Rayuwa bayan gudun hijira == Chelagat ta kasance a gudun hijira har zuwa 1984, kuma bayan da ta yanke hukunci cewa yanayin siyasa a Kenya ya sanyaya, sai ta dawo. Chelagat ya zaɓi ya kasance cikin shiru yana kallon halin da ake ciki na siyasa ba tare da yin magana ba. Ta koma jam'iyyar KANU kuma an nada ta zuwa matsayi a Bankin Kasuwancin Kenya da ke aiki a KICC a Nairobi (Hedikwatar KANU a lokacin). Daga baya aka nada ta a cikin Kwamitin Dindindin kan 'Yancin Dan Adam amma Shugaba Moi ya kore ta ta ta hanyar sanarwar rediyo a watan Yunin 1999. Ta koma zama a gonar mahaifinta. A cikin hatsarin hanya na shekara ta 2006 Chelagat ya sami raunuka da yawa da karyewa. An kuma gano ta da matsalar kashin baya wanda ta yi jinya amma ta ci gaba da maimaitawa. Ta kasa tafiya. Ta koma Nairobi don magani amma yanayinta ya juya zuwa mafi muni ta ƙare tana zaune a cikin ɗaki ɗaya na aboki a wani yanki mai ƙarancin kuɗi na Nairobi. A watan Yunin 2011 an kwantar da ita a asibitin Spinal Injury bayan sa hannun tsohon Firayim Minista [[Raila A Odinga|Raila Odinga]] . Ta ci gaba da warkewa a cikin wani gida a Ngong Road wanda masu ba da gudummawa suka shirya mata. Makonni bayan haka, an kwantar da ita a asibiti tare da ciwon huhu mai tsanani. An sallame ta bayan mako guda kuma ta koma gida, amma yanayinta ya kara muni kuma an gaggauta dawo da ita. A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2013, ta mutu a asibiti. == Kyauta == Chelagat Mutai ya yi yaƙi don 'yanci na tsarin mulki, [[Dokokin doka|mulkin doka]], kuma ya yi yaƙin cin hanci da rashawa, cin zarafin iko da kisan gillar siyasa. Ta tsaya don adalci na zamantakewa kuma ta kasance mai kare dimokuradiyya da haƙƙin mata kuma ta biya shi tare da lokacin da take kurkuku da gudun hijira. Da yake ta fito ne daga al'umma mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mace ce marar aure, ta shawo kan yiwuwar zama mace ta farko ta Kalenjin da aka zaba a majalisar kuma ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a lokacinta. Ta kasance babbar wahayi ga mata da matasa. Majalisar dokoki ta 10 (2008-2013) ta ga zaben mafi yawan mata na Kalenjin a karkashin tsohuwar Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Daga cikin mata 22 da aka zaba a majalisar dokoki ta 10, an zabi kashi ɗaya bisa uku (bakwai a cikin adadi) daga yawancin mazabu na Kalenjin waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa mafi yawan mata da aka samo daga al'umma ɗaya. Wadannan sune [[Beatrice Kones]], Farfesa [[Hellen Sambili]], [[Joyce Laboso]], Linah Jebii Kilimo, Farfesa [[Margaret Kamar]], [[Peris Simam]], da Dokta [[Sally Kosgei|Sally Kosgey]]. Joyce Laboso ta ci gaba da zama mace ta farko Mataimakin Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Kenya.<ref>Mburia P., Thuo, J., Nyambala M., (2011), Journey to Leadership: Women Legislators In Kenya’s Tenth Parliament, AMWIK, Nairobi.</ref> Mutuwar Chelagat Mutai ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, saboda ta nuna faduwar daya daga cikin 'Swararrun 'Swarzon Gashi Bakwai', sunan da aka danganta ga tsohon Babban Lauyan Charles Njonjo wanda ke kwatanta mambobin majalisar dokokin Kenya masu adawa. Wadannan mutane sun tayar da muhimman batutuwa da suka shafi 'yan Kenya kuma wadanda gwamnatin Kenyatta ba ta so. Membobin wannan ƙungiyar sun haɗa da Koigi wa Wamwere, Lawrence Sifuna, [[Abuya Abuya]], Chelagat Mutai, [[George Moseti|George Anyona]], James Orengo, [[Chibule wa Tsuma]] da [[Mashengu wa Mwachofi]] . <ref name="Tanui">{{Cite web |last=Tanui |first=Kipkoech |title=What broke Chelagat Mutai's spirit and drove her deep into despair |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000087990/what-broke-chelagat-mutai-s-spirit-and-drove-her-deep-into-despair |access-date=2018-12-05 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Ta kasance jarumi na 'yanci na biyu duk da cewa ta mutu cikin talauci ba ta iya amfana daga shekaru da yawa na fafutukar zamantakewa ba. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kenya na 2010 yana ɗauke da muryoyin masu gwagwarmayar zamantakewa da siyasa da yawa a cikin shekaru. Yana ɗauke da muryar Chelagat ma. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hmpc02zhwdcmp5tfeuyu400na4ia8r0 0 152056 839261 2026-05-23T07:07:48Z Zainab118 44654 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342506328|Micere Githae Mugo]]" 839261 wikitext text/x-wiki Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo (wadda aka haifa da suna Madeleine Mĩcere Gĩthae; 12 Disamba 1942 – 30 Yuni 2023) wata farfesa ce ’yar Kenya, marubuciya ta wasan kwaikwayo, marubuciyar littattafai, ’yar fafutuka da kuma mawakiya. Ta kasance ƙwararriyar mai sukar adabi kuma farfesa a fannin Adabi, Rubutun Ƙirƙira da Hanyoyin Bincike a Sashen Nazarin Baƙar Fatar Amurka (African American Studies) a Jami’ar Syracuse. A shekarar 1982, an tilasta mata barin ƙasar Kenya zuwa gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Daniel Arap Moi saboda ayyukanta na fafutuka, inda ta koma koyarwa a ƙasar Amurka, daga bisani kuma a Zimbabwe. Ta koyar da Orature (adabin baka), Adabi, da Rubutun Ƙirƙira.<ref name="syr obit">{{cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=University Remembers Professor Emerita and Scholar Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2023/07/26/university-remembers-professor-emerita-and-scholar-micere-githae-mugo/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=[[Syracuse University News]]}}</ref><ref name="LibraryOfCongress">{{LCAuth|n88619238|Micere Githae Mugo||}}</ref> Littattafan Mũgo sun haɗa da littattafai shida, wasan da aka rubuta tare da [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] da litattafai uku. Ta kuma shirya mujallu da tsarin karatun makarantar Zimbabwe. The East African Standard ya lissafa ta cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a Kenya a shekara ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Judy |date=11 April 2011 |title=Micere Githae Mugo to receive 2011 Prize for Excellence in Masters Level Teaching at Syracuse University |url=http://asnews.syr.edu/newsevents_2011/releases/2011_Masters_Teaching_Prize.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091525/http://asnews.syr.edu/newsevents_2011/releases/2011_Masters_Teaching_Prize.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=26 March 2015 |publisher=College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Mũgo a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1942, a Baricho, Gundumar Kirinyaga, Kenya . <ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}} [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref> 'Yar malamai biyu masu ci gaba (masu sassaucin ra'ayi) - Babban Cif Richard Karuga Galyhae da Mwalimu Grace Njeri Galyhae - wadanda suka kasance masu aiki a siyasa a yakin neman 'yancin Kenya.<ref>[[Margaret Busby|Busby, Margaret]], "Micere Githae Mugo", ''[[Daughters of Africa]]'', London: Jonathan Cape, 1992, p. 551.</ref> Mũgo ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Alliance Girls daga 1957 zuwa 1960.<ref name="obit">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2023 |title=Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo's obituary 2023 |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/07/micere-githae-mugos-obituary-2023 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=Citinewsroom}}</ref> Mũgo ta ci gaba da halartar [[Jami'ar Makerere]] (inda ta sami digiri na BA a shekarar 1966). Ta shiga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] a watan Satumbar 1966, daga baya ta tafi [[Kanada]] don halartar Jami'ar New Brunswick a shekarar 1969, inda ta sami MA da PhD a shekarar 1973. <ref name="answers">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2001 |title=Micere Githae Mugo: Biography from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/micere-githae-mugo |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> Ta koma Kenya don ɗaukar matsayin malami a Jami'ar Nairobi a 1973, kuma a 1978 <ref name="Companion">{{Cite book|edition=Ruth}}</ref> ta zama Dean na Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta farko a Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2015 |title=Senate Debates {{!}} Symposium in Honor of an Eminent Kenyan Scholar: Prof. Micere Mugo |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2017-05/Thursday_12th_March_2015.pdf |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Hansard |publisher=Parliament of Kenya {{!}} The Senate}}</ref> Ta koyar a Jami'ar Nairobi har zuwa 1982, Jami'ar St. Lawrence (1982-1984) Jami'ar Zimbabwe (1984-1991) kuma ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'an Cornell (1992). === Fitarwa === Mũgo dan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne wanda ya yi yaƙi da cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Kenya . <ref name="wworld">{{Cite web |title=Women's WORLD |url=http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm |publisher=Wworld.org}}</ref> Ayyukanta na siyasa sun haifar da cewa 'yan sanda sun tsananta mata kuma sun kama ta.<ref name="wworld" /> Mũgo da iyalinta (ciki har da 'ya'ya mata biyu) an tilasta su bar Kenya a 1982 bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin Daniel Arap Ni, bayan haka ta zama makasudin cin zarafin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Conversation with Micere Mugo & Ngugi wa Thiong'o |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/60065760/A-Conversation-With-Mugo-Ngugi |via=Scribd}}</ref> An kwace ta daga 'yancin Kenya, amma bayan shekara guda, gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta gayyace ta don neman' yancin Zimbabwe, wanda ta rike har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, lokacin da ta sake samun' yancin Kenya.<ref name="Companion">{{Cite book|edition=Ruth}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKillamRowe2000">Killam, Douglas; Rowe, Ruth, eds. (2000). "Mugo, Micere Githae (1942–)". ''The Companion to African Literatures''. Oxford: J. Currey. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">166–</span>167.</cite></ref> Bayan ta bar Kenya, ta yi aiki, ta rubuta, kuma ta koyar daga kasashen waje, <ref name="answers">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2001 |title=Micere Githae Mugo: Biography from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/micere-githae-mugo |publisher=Answers.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.answers.com/topic/micere-githae-mugo "Micere Githae Mugo: Biography from"]. Answers.com. 22 October 2001.</cite></ref> kuma daga baya ta ce: {{Cquote|I'm a child of the universe, I have lived in almost all continents.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1089435 |title=Micere Githae Mugo|website=azquotes.com}}</ref>}} Waƙar "Speaking of Hurricanes" ta Ama Ata Aidoo, wanda aka haɗa a cikin tarin Aidoo na 1992 An Angry Letter a watan Janairu, an rubuta shi "don Micere Mugo da duk sauran 'yan gudun hijirar Afirka". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yitah |first=Helen |date=July 2015 |title=Review: [Untitled]. Reviewed Work: The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo. Documentary film (78 minutes) by Yaba Badoe |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48725795 |journal=Feminist Africa |publisher=Institute of African Studies |page=125 |jstor=48725795 |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> <ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes">{{Cite web |last=Ngunjiri |first=Mbugua |date=2 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Standard}}</ref> == Ayyukan baya-bayan nan == A shekara ta 1993, Mũgo ta shiga Jami'ar Syracuse, inda ta koyar da Orature, Creative Writing, Caribbean Women Writers da Research Methods a Sashen Nazarin Afirka na Amurka (AAS). A shekara ta 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Laura J. da L. Douglas Meredith Farfesa don Kwarewar Koyarwa. A cikin 2013, yayin da take Jami'ar Syracuse, ta shiga taron Kwamitin kan Matsayin Mata (CSW) a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], taken wanda shine "Kashewa da Rigakafin Rikicin Mata da 'Yan Mata", kuma a cikin jawabin ta ta ce: {{Cquote|Writing can be a lifeline, especially when your existence has been denied, especially when you have been left on the margins, especially when your life and process of growth have been subjected to attempts at strangulation.<ref name="enslin Spotlight">{{cite news |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2013/03/25/su-poet-playwright-activist-garners-international-spotlight/ |title=SU Poet, Playwright, Activist Garners International Spotlight |first=Rob |last=Enslin|website=Syracuse University News|publisher=Syracuse University|date=25 March 2013|access-date=11 July 2023 }}</ref>}} Bayan shekaru 22 na hidima, Mũgo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2015, kuma an ba shi matsayin Emeritus. Da yake nuna ritayar ta daga bangaren AAS a Syracuse, an gudanar da wani taro don girmama ta. A wannan shekarar, ta gabatar da babban jawabin Marubutan Afirka na Duniya, mai taken "Masu zane-zane da Marubutan Orature na Afirka suna haihuwar Sankofa- hangen nesa na Utu, Ubuntu da Adalci ga Dukkanin", a Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu (UNISA) a matsayin wani ɓangare na Taron Marubutan Afrika na Duniya na 4th. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://africacenturyconference.co.za/professor-micere-githae-mugo/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Africa Century International African Writers Conference}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Royal African Society a London ta gabatar da Mũgo tare da lambar yabo ta "Afirka Writes" Lifetime Achievement a cikin wallafe-wallafen Afirka, mai karɓa na farko shine [[Margaret Busby]] a cikin 2019.<ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ "Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo"]. Royal African Society. 22 February 2022.</cite> [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref><ref name="RAS press release">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Press release: Lifetime Achievement in African Literature awarded to Micere Mugo by Royal African Society |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/press-release-lifetime-achievement-in-african-literature-awarded-to-micere-mugo-by-royal-african-society/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=Royal African Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2022 |title=Micere Mugo feted for lifetime of achievement in literature |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/books/2022-01-15-micere-mugo-feted-for-lifetime-of-achievement-in-literature/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=[[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]]}}</ref> Mũgo ita ce ta kafa kungiyar United Women of Africa Organization (UWAO) kuma co-kafa da Shugaba (a lokacin mutuwarta) na Pan African Community of Central New York (PACCNY). <ref name="wworld">{{Cite web |title=Women's WORLD |url=http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm |publisher=Wworld.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm "Women's WORLD"]. Wworld.org.</cite></ref> Ta kasance mai magana da yawun [[Amnesty International]], mai ba da shawara ga jerin "Afirka a kan Horizon" ta Blackside, <ref name="wworld" /> memba na majalisa a [[Jami'ar Riara]], tsohon shugaban kwamitin daraktoci a Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Yankin Afirka ta Kudu (SARIPS) a [[Harare]] <ref name="wworld" /> kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawarar ga tushe da yawa, kuma a kan kwamitin mujallu da kungiyoyi da yawa. == Mutuwa == Mũgo, wacce ta yi magana game da samun ciwon daji na myeloma mai yawa na tsawon shekaru goma sha shida, ta mutu a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023, tana da shekaru 80, <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=Distinguished Playwright & Poet, Micere Mugo, Dies At 81 |url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/distinguished-playwright-poet-micere-mugo-dies-at-81-n322722 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Kuhelika |date=3 July 2023 |title=Eminent Kenyan Playwright Prof. Micere Githae Mugo Passes On, Aged 81 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/07/eminent-kenyan-playwright-and-literary-critic-prof-micere-githae-mugo-passes-on-aged-81/ |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> a Syracuse, New York, <ref>{{Cite web |title=In Remembrance Of Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://inremembranceofmiceregithaemugo.org/ |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref> inda aka binne ta a ranar 31 ga Yuli a Kabari na Oakwood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wanyama |first=John Paschal |date=7 August 2023 |title=Micere Mugo, an iconic woman of four nations, finds final resting place in New York |url=https://www.csuitestyle.net/690/micere-mugo-new-york/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=C-Suite Style}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Mũgo ya kasance fitaccen mawaki, kuma marubuci ko editan littattafai 15. <ref name="wworld">{{Cite web |title=Women's WORLD |url=http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm |publisher=Wworld.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm "Women's WORLD"]. Wworld.org.</cite></ref> Ayyukanta galibi daga al'adun gargajiya na Afirka ne, Pan-Afirka da kuma hangen nesa na mata, kuma yana da tasiri sosai ga al'adun al'adun Afirka. Mũgo da ɗan'uwansa ɗan gwagwarmayar Kenya [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] sun rubuta wasan kwaikwayon The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, wanda aka buga a 1977 kuma aka yi a [[FESTAC 77]] a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya. <ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes">{{Cite web |last=Ngunjiri |first=Mbugua |date=2 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Standard}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNgunjiri2023">Ngunjiri, Mbugua (2 July 2023). [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes "Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes'"]. ''The Standard''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> An fara gwajin ne a Amurka a shekarar 2014 a filin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji a makarantar UC Irvine ta Claire Trevor School of the Arts, wanda Dokta Jaye Austin Williams ya jagoranta kuma Dokta S Ama Wray ya tsara shi. Mũgo ya kuma yi aiki tare da marubucin Zimbabwe Shimmer Chinodya a cikin gyaran wasan kwaikwayo da labaru ga matasa a [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] . <ref name="Companion">{{Cite book|edition=Ruth}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKillamRowe2000">Killam, Douglas; Rowe, Ruth, eds. (2000). "Mugo, Micere Githae (1942–)". ''The Companion to African Literatures''. Oxford: J. Currey. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">166–</span>167.</cite></ref> A cikin wata hira ta 2021, Mũgo ta yi magana game da aiki a kan kundi na biyu na litattafanta da jawabai, bayan ''Rubuce-rubuce da Magana daga Zuciya ta Zuciya'' ta 2012, da kuma tarin waƙoƙi na uku.<ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ "Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo"]. Royal African Society. 22 February 2022.</cite> [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref> Littafin Mũgo na 2021, The Imperative of Utu / Ubuntu in Africana Scholarship, an rubuta shi ne don tunawa da cika shekaru 50 na Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka da Bincike, Jami'ar Cornell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugo |first=Micere Githae |date=29 July 2021 |title=The imperative of Utu / Ubuntu in Africana scholarship |url=https://darajapress.com/publication/the-imperative-of-utu-ubuntu-in-africana-scholarship |website=DarajaPress |publisher=Daraja Press}}</ref> Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mai ba da shawara mai ƙarfi da sha'awar utu da ubuntu", kuma ta bayyana cewa: "Utu, kalma ce ta Kiswahili wacce ke fassara cikin 'mahimmancin kasancewa ɗan adam,' ko 'yanayin kasancewa ɗan adam.' Ba za ku iya da'awar cewa tana da 'mahimmanci na kasancewa ɗan adam' sai dai idan ka raba shi kuma ka tabbatar da shi a cikin wasu / duk mutane" <ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ "Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo"]. Royal African Society. 22 February 2022.</cite> [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref> === Wasanni === * ''Rashin lafiya na Tsohon Shugaba Kiti'', Ofishin Littattafan Gabashin Afirka, 1976 * ''Shari'ar Dedan Kimathi'' (wanda aka rubuta tare da [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]), [[Heinemann (Mawallafa)|Heinemann]], 1977 === Waƙoƙi === * ''Daughter of My People, Sing!'', East African Literature Bureau, 1976, {{ISBN|9789966441546}} * ''My Mother's Song and Other Poems'', East African Educational Publishers, 1994, {{ISBN|9789966464996}} === Tattaunawar wallafe-wallafen === * ''Ra'ayoyin Afirka: Labarin [[Chinua Achebe]], Margaret Laurence, Elspeth Huxley, da Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o'', Ofishin Littattafan Kenya, 1978 * ''Orature na Afirka da 'Yancin Dan Adam'', Cibiyar Nazarin Kudancin Afirka, Jami'ar Kasa ta Lesotho, 1991, {{ISBN|9789991131009}} * The Imperative of Utu / Ubuntu a cikin ƙwarewar Afirka, Daraja Press, 2021, {{ISBN|978-1990263248}} === Tarihin kansa === * ''Rubuce-rubuce da Magana daga Zuciya ta Zuciya'', Africa World Press, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1592218547}} == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa da aka zaɓa == * 1985: Marcus Garvey Award from the Canadian Branch of [[Ƙungiyar Inganta Negro ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Al'ummomin Afirka|UNIA]].<ref name="CV">{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae {{!}} MICERE M. GITHAE MUGO |url=https://africacenturyconference.co.za/curriculum-vitae/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Africa Century International African Writers Conference}}</ref> * 1987–90: Award for research on African orature and human rights, Ford Foundation.<ref name="RAS press release">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Press release: Lifetime Achievement in African Literature awarded to Micere Mugo by Royal African Society |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/press-release-lifetime-achievement-in-african-literature-awarded-to-micere-mugo-by-royal-african-society/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/press-release-lifetime-achievement-in-african-literature-awarded-to-micere-mugo-by-royal-african-society/ "Press release: Lifetime Achievement in African Literature awarded to Micere Mugo by Royal African Society"]. Royal African Society. 30 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> * 1992: Award for writing and publication, Rockefeller Foundation. * 1994: The Syracuse University African American Student Association, Malcolm X Memorial Award For Excellence in Academic and Community Service.<ref name="CV" /> * 2002: "The Top 100: They Influenced Kenya Most during the 20th Century", ''East African Standard''.<ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes">{{Cite web |last=Ngunjiri |first=Mbugua |date=2 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Standard}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNgunjiri2023">Ngunjiri, Mbugua (2 July 2023). [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes "Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes'"]. ''The Standard''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * 2002: Sojourner Truth Award for Black Woman Professor of the Year, National Association of Negro Business & Professional Women's Clubs.<ref name="CV" /> * 2003: Founder, United Women of Africa Organization. * 2004: Human Rights Award, Onondaga County Human Rights Commission.<ref name="CV" /> * 2004: Beyond Community Recognition Awards, Inc.<ref name="CV" /> * Lifetime Community Service Award (CNY Women Syracuse Chapter).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> * 2007: Laura J. and L. Douglas Meredith Professor for Teaching Excellence, Syracuse University. * 2007: Distinguished Africanist Scholar Award, New York African Studies Association (NYASA).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2007 |title=Mugo honored with 2007 Distinguished Africanist Award |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2007/04/06/mugo-honored-with-2007-distinguished-africanist-award/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Syracuse University News |publisher=Syracuse University}}</ref> * 2008: Girl Scouts Women of Distinction Award, Lafayette Country Club.<ref name="CV" /> * 2008: Central New York (CNY) Women of Distinction Award, for contributions to the Syracuse community. * 2009: United Women of Africa Organization (UWAO) Award for Visionary Leadership Award.<ref name="CV" /> * 2010: Lifetime Achievement Award, Pan African Studies Program, Syracuse University. * 2012: Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Distinguished Lecturer Award, [[Jami'ar Dar es Salaam|University of Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muiruri |first=Mwangi |date=1 July 2023 |title=Prof Micere Mugo pens her last life at 80 |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/prof-micere-mugo-pens-her-last-life-at-80-4289638 |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Nation}}</ref> * 2013: Flora Nwapa Award for excellence in Africana literature, African Literature Association. * 2013: Elder of the Burning Spear, Government of Kenya. * 2020: Doctor of Letters Honorary Degree, [[Jami'ar Nairobi|University of Nairobi]]. * 2021: Lifetime Achievement Award in African Literature, Royal African Society.<ref name="RAS press release" /> * 2022: Lifetime Achievement Award, the Defenders Coalition and the Embassy of Sweden in Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |author-link=James Murua |date=1 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo has passed away |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/micere-mugo-has-passed-away/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=[[Writing Africa]]}}</ref> * 2023: Proclamation from the Mayor's Office, City of Syracuse. * 2024: Fonlon-Nichols Award from the African Literature Association.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2014 |title=The Fonlon-Nichols Award |url=https://africanlit.org/the-fonlon-nichols-award/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=africanlit.org |publisher=African Literature Association}}</ref> == Kyauta == Ita ce batun tarin litattafai a cikin girmamawa, Making Life Sing in Pursuit of Utu: The Micere Githae Mugo Story (Bookcraft, 2022), wanda D. Ndirangu Wachanga ya shirya, mai ba da labarinta kuma farfesa na nazarin kafofin watsa labarai da kimiyyar bayanai a Jami'ar Wisconsin, wanda kuma ya yi fim din fim na wannan taken. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=CinemAfriq Film Screening: Making life sing in pursuit of utu |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/event/cinemafriq-film-screening-making-life-sing-pursuit-utu |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=Center for African Studies |publisher=harvard University}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wachanga |first=Ndirangu |date=18 August 2023 |title=Reflections: The Micere I Knew |url=https://www.theelephant.info/reflections/2023/08/18/the-micere-i-knew/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Elephant}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mjytqm5y5o8x1h5gumrm7ied3sq21cg 839262 839261 2026-05-23T07:08:46Z Zainab118 44654 Translated 839262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo | image = | alt = | birth_name = Madeleine Mĩcere Gĩthae | birth_date = {{Birth date|1942|12|12|df=y}} | birth_place = Baricho, [[Kirinyaga District]], Kenya | death_date = {{Death date and given age|2023|6|30|80|df=y}} | death_place = [[Syracuse, New York]], United States | citizenship = [[Kenya]] and the [[United States]] | education = {{unbulleted list|[[Alliance Girls High School]];| Limuru Girls High School; [[Makerere University]];|[[University of New Brunswick]] }} | occupation = Professor, playwright, author, activist and poet | employer = [[Syracuse University]] | years_active = | known_for = | children = Mũmbi wa Mũgo, Njeri Kũi Mũgo | spouse = Divorced | relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Eunice Muringo Kiereini]]; the late Judi Muthoni Gilmore; the late Joyce Muthoni Githae; Duncan Mutugi Githae; Winnie Wambui Marekia; the late Rose Wanjiru Wachira; the late David Githanda; Patrick Njeru Githae and Nancy Wangari Githae (siblings) }} | notable_works = | awards = }} '''Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo''' (wadda aka haifa da suna Madeleine Mĩcere Gĩthae; 12 Disamba 1942 – 30 Yuni 2023) wata farfesa ce ’yar Kenya, marubuciya ta wasan kwaikwayo, marubuciyar littattafai, ’yar fafutuka da kuma mawakiya. Ta kasance ƙwararriyar mai sukar adabi kuma farfesa a fannin Adabi, Rubutun Ƙirƙira da Hanyoyin Bincike a Sashen Nazarin Baƙar Fatar Amurka (African American Studies) a Jami’ar Syracuse. A shekarar 1982, an tilasta mata barin ƙasar Kenya zuwa gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Daniel Arap Moi saboda ayyukanta na fafutuka, inda ta koma koyarwa a ƙasar Amurka, daga bisani kuma a Zimbabwe. Ta koyar da Orature (adabin baka), Adabi, da Rubutun Ƙirƙira.<ref name="syr obit">{{cite news |date=26 July 2023 |title=University Remembers Professor Emerita and Scholar Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2023/07/26/university-remembers-professor-emerita-and-scholar-micere-githae-mugo/ |access-date=21 August 2023 |work=[[Syracuse University News]]}}</ref><ref name="LibraryOfCongress">{{LCAuth|n88619238|Micere Githae Mugo||}}</ref> Littattafan Mũgo sun haɗa da littattafai shida, wasan da aka rubuta tare da [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] da litattafai uku. Ta kuma shirya mujallu da tsarin karatun makarantar Zimbabwe. The East African Standard ya lissafa ta cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a Kenya a shekara ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holmes |first=Judy |date=11 April 2011 |title=Micere Githae Mugo to receive 2011 Prize for Excellence in Masters Level Teaching at Syracuse University |url=http://asnews.syr.edu/newsevents_2011/releases/2011_Masters_Teaching_Prize.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091525/http://asnews.syr.edu/newsevents_2011/releases/2011_Masters_Teaching_Prize.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=26 March 2015 |publisher=College of Arts and Sciences, Syracuse University}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Mũgo a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1942, a Baricho, Gundumar Kirinyaga, Kenya . <ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}} [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref> 'Yar malamai biyu masu ci gaba (masu sassaucin ra'ayi) - Babban Cif Richard Karuga Galyhae da Mwalimu Grace Njeri Galyhae - wadanda suka kasance masu aiki a siyasa a yakin neman 'yancin Kenya.<ref>[[Margaret Busby|Busby, Margaret]], "Micere Githae Mugo", ''[[Daughters of Africa]]'', London: Jonathan Cape, 1992, p. 551.</ref> Mũgo ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Alliance Girls daga 1957 zuwa 1960.<ref name="obit">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2023 |title=Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo's obituary 2023 |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/07/micere-githae-mugos-obituary-2023 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=Citinewsroom}}</ref> Mũgo ta ci gaba da halartar [[Jami'ar Makerere]] (inda ta sami digiri na BA a shekarar 1966). Ta shiga [[Jami'ar Nairobi]] a watan Satumbar 1966, daga baya ta tafi [[Kanada]] don halartar Jami'ar New Brunswick a shekarar 1969, inda ta sami MA da PhD a shekarar 1973. <ref name="answers">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2001 |title=Micere Githae Mugo: Biography from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/micere-githae-mugo |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> Ta koma Kenya don ɗaukar matsayin malami a Jami'ar Nairobi a 1973, kuma a 1978 <ref name="Companion">{{Cite book|edition=Ruth}}</ref> ta zama Dean na Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta farko a Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2015 |title=Senate Debates {{!}} Symposium in Honor of an Eminent Kenyan Scholar: Prof. Micere Mugo |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2017-05/Thursday_12th_March_2015.pdf |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Hansard |publisher=Parliament of Kenya {{!}} The Senate}}</ref> Ta koyar a Jami'ar Nairobi har zuwa 1982, Jami'ar St. Lawrence (1982-1984) Jami'ar Zimbabwe (1984-1991) kuma ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'an Cornell (1992). === Fitarwa === Mũgo dan gwagwarmayar siyasa ne wanda ya yi yaƙi da cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Kenya . <ref name="wworld">{{Cite web |title=Women's WORLD |url=http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm |publisher=Wworld.org}}</ref> Ayyukanta na siyasa sun haifar da cewa 'yan sanda sun tsananta mata kuma sun kama ta.<ref name="wworld" /> Mũgo da iyalinta (ciki har da 'ya'ya mata biyu) an tilasta su bar Kenya a 1982 bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin Daniel Arap Ni, bayan haka ta zama makasudin cin zarafin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Conversation with Micere Mugo & Ngugi wa Thiong'o |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/60065760/A-Conversation-With-Mugo-Ngugi |via=Scribd}}</ref> An kwace ta daga 'yancin Kenya, amma bayan shekara guda, gwamnatin Zimbabwe ta gayyace ta don neman' yancin Zimbabwe, wanda ta rike har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, lokacin da ta sake samun' yancin Kenya.<ref name="Companion">{{Cite book|edition=Ruth}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKillamRowe2000">Killam, Douglas; Rowe, Ruth, eds. (2000). "Mugo, Micere Githae (1942–)". ''The Companion to African Literatures''. Oxford: J. Currey. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">166–</span>167.</cite></ref> Bayan ta bar Kenya, ta yi aiki, ta rubuta, kuma ta koyar daga kasashen waje, <ref name="answers">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2001 |title=Micere Githae Mugo: Biography from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/micere-githae-mugo |publisher=Answers.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.answers.com/topic/micere-githae-mugo "Micere Githae Mugo: Biography from"]. Answers.com. 22 October 2001.</cite></ref> kuma daga baya ta ce: {{Cquote|I'm a child of the universe, I have lived in almost all continents.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azquotes.com/quote/1089435 |title=Micere Githae Mugo|website=azquotes.com}}</ref>}} Waƙar "Speaking of Hurricanes" ta Ama Ata Aidoo, wanda aka haɗa a cikin tarin Aidoo na 1992 An Angry Letter a watan Janairu, an rubuta shi "don Micere Mugo da duk sauran 'yan gudun hijirar Afirka". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yitah |first=Helen |date=July 2015 |title=Review: [Untitled]. Reviewed Work: The Art of Ama Ata Aidoo. Documentary film (78 minutes) by Yaba Badoe |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48725795 |journal=Feminist Africa |publisher=Institute of African Studies |page=125 |jstor=48725795 |access-date=14 July 2023}}</ref> <ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes">{{Cite web |last=Ngunjiri |first=Mbugua |date=2 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Standard}}</ref> == Ayyukan baya-bayan nan == A shekara ta 1993, Mũgo ta shiga Jami'ar Syracuse, inda ta koyar da Orature, Creative Writing, Caribbean Women Writers da Research Methods a Sashen Nazarin Afirka na Amurka (AAS). A shekara ta 2007, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Laura J. da L. Douglas Meredith Farfesa don Kwarewar Koyarwa. A cikin 2013, yayin da take Jami'ar Syracuse, ta shiga taron Kwamitin kan Matsayin Mata (CSW) a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], taken wanda shine "Kashewa da Rigakafin Rikicin Mata da 'Yan Mata", kuma a cikin jawabin ta ta ce: {{Cquote|Writing can be a lifeline, especially when your existence has been denied, especially when you have been left on the margins, especially when your life and process of growth have been subjected to attempts at strangulation.<ref name="enslin Spotlight">{{cite news |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2013/03/25/su-poet-playwright-activist-garners-international-spotlight/ |title=SU Poet, Playwright, Activist Garners International Spotlight |first=Rob |last=Enslin|website=Syracuse University News|publisher=Syracuse University|date=25 March 2013|access-date=11 July 2023 }}</ref>}} Bayan shekaru 22 na hidima, Mũgo ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2015, kuma an ba shi matsayin Emeritus. Da yake nuna ritayar ta daga bangaren AAS a Syracuse, an gudanar da wani taro don girmama ta. A wannan shekarar, ta gabatar da babban jawabin Marubutan Afirka na Duniya, mai taken "Masu zane-zane da Marubutan Orature na Afirka suna haihuwar Sankofa- hangen nesa na Utu, Ubuntu da Adalci ga Dukkanin", a Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu (UNISA) a matsayin wani ɓangare na Taron Marubutan Afrika na Duniya na 4th. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://africacenturyconference.co.za/professor-micere-githae-mugo/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Africa Century International African Writers Conference}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Royal African Society a London ta gabatar da Mũgo tare da lambar yabo ta "Afirka Writes" Lifetime Achievement a cikin wallafe-wallafen Afirka, mai karɓa na farko shine [[Margaret Busby]] a cikin 2019.<ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ "Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo"]. Royal African Society. 22 February 2022.</cite> [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref><ref name="RAS press release">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Press release: Lifetime Achievement in African Literature awarded to Micere Mugo by Royal African Society |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/press-release-lifetime-achievement-in-african-literature-awarded-to-micere-mugo-by-royal-african-society/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=Royal African Society}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2022 |title=Micere Mugo feted for lifetime of achievement in literature |url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/books/2022-01-15-micere-mugo-feted-for-lifetime-of-achievement-in-literature/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=[[The Star (Kenya)|The Star]]}}</ref> Mũgo ita ce ta kafa kungiyar United Women of Africa Organization (UWAO) kuma co-kafa da Shugaba (a lokacin mutuwarta) na Pan African Community of Central New York (PACCNY). <ref name="wworld">{{Cite web |title=Women's WORLD |url=http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm |publisher=Wworld.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm "Women's WORLD"]. Wworld.org.</cite></ref> Ta kasance mai magana da yawun [[Amnesty International]], mai ba da shawara ga jerin "Afirka a kan Horizon" ta Blackside, <ref name="wworld" /> memba na majalisa a [[Jami'ar Riara]], tsohon shugaban kwamitin daraktoci a Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Yankin Afirka ta Kudu (SARIPS) a [[Harare]] <ref name="wworld" /> kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawarar ga tushe da yawa, kuma a kan kwamitin mujallu da kungiyoyi da yawa. == Mutuwa == Mũgo, wacce ta yi magana game da samun ciwon daji na myeloma mai yawa na tsawon shekaru goma sha shida, ta mutu a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2023, tana da shekaru 80, <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=Distinguished Playwright & Poet, Micere Mugo, Dies At 81 |url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/distinguished-playwright-poet-micere-mugo-dies-at-81-n322722 |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Kuhelika |date=3 July 2023 |title=Eminent Kenyan Playwright Prof. Micere Githae Mugo Passes On, Aged 81 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/07/eminent-kenyan-playwright-and-literary-critic-prof-micere-githae-mugo-passes-on-aged-81/ |access-date=11 July 2023 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> a Syracuse, New York, <ref>{{Cite web |title=In Remembrance Of Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://inremembranceofmiceregithaemugo.org/ |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref> inda aka binne ta a ranar 31 ga Yuli a Kabari na Oakwood.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wanyama |first=John Paschal |date=7 August 2023 |title=Micere Mugo, an iconic woman of four nations, finds final resting place in New York |url=https://www.csuitestyle.net/690/micere-mugo-new-york/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=C-Suite Style}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Mũgo ya kasance fitaccen mawaki, kuma marubuci ko editan littattafai 15. <ref name="wworld">{{Cite web |title=Women's WORLD |url=http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm |publisher=Wworld.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.wworld.org/about/board/micere_githae_mugo.htm "Women's WORLD"]. Wworld.org.</cite></ref> Ayyukanta galibi daga al'adun gargajiya na Afirka ne, Pan-Afirka da kuma hangen nesa na mata, kuma yana da tasiri sosai ga al'adun al'adun Afirka. Mũgo da ɗan'uwansa ɗan gwagwarmayar Kenya [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o|Ngugi wa Thiong'o]] sun rubuta wasan kwaikwayon The Trial of Dedan Kimathi, wanda aka buga a 1977 kuma aka yi a [[FESTAC 77]] a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya. <ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes">{{Cite web |last=Ngunjiri |first=Mbugua |date=2 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Standard}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNgunjiri2023">Ngunjiri, Mbugua (2 July 2023). [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes "Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes'"]. ''The Standard''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> An fara gwajin ne a Amurka a shekarar 2014 a filin wasan kwaikwayo na gwaji a makarantar UC Irvine ta Claire Trevor School of the Arts, wanda Dokta Jaye Austin Williams ya jagoranta kuma Dokta S Ama Wray ya tsara shi. Mũgo ya kuma yi aiki tare da marubucin Zimbabwe Shimmer Chinodya a cikin gyaran wasan kwaikwayo da labaru ga matasa a [[Yaren Shona|Shona]] . <ref name="Companion">{{Cite book|edition=Ruth}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKillamRowe2000">Killam, Douglas; Rowe, Ruth, eds. (2000). "Mugo, Micere Githae (1942–)". ''The Companion to African Literatures''. Oxford: J. Currey. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">166–</span>167.</cite></ref> A cikin wata hira ta 2021, Mũgo ta yi magana game da aiki a kan kundi na biyu na litattafanta da jawabai, bayan ''Rubuce-rubuce da Magana daga Zuciya ta Zuciya'' ta 2012, da kuma tarin waƙoƙi na uku.<ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ "Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo"]. Royal African Society. 22 February 2022.</cite> [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref> Littafin Mũgo na 2021, The Imperative of Utu / Ubuntu in Africana Scholarship, an rubuta shi ne don tunawa da cika shekaru 50 na Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka da Bincike, Jami'ar Cornell.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugo |first=Micere Githae |date=29 July 2021 |title=The imperative of Utu / Ubuntu in Africana scholarship |url=https://darajapress.com/publication/the-imperative-of-utu-ubuntu-in-africana-scholarship |website=DarajaPress |publisher=Daraja Press}}</ref> Ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "mai ba da shawara mai ƙarfi da sha'awar utu da ubuntu", kuma ta bayyana cewa: "Utu, kalma ce ta Kiswahili wacce ke fassara cikin 'mahimmancin kasancewa ɗan adam,' ko 'yanayin kasancewa ɗan adam.' Ba za ku iya da'awar cewa tana da 'mahimmanci na kasancewa ɗan adam' sai dai idan ka raba shi kuma ka tabbatar da shi a cikin wasu / duk mutane" <ref name="RAS interview">{{Cite web |date=22 February 2022 |title=Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/interview-with-africa-writes-lifetime-achievement-award-winner-micere-githae-mugo/ "Interview with Africa Writes Lifetime Achievement Award Winner Mĩcere Gĩthae Mũgo"]. Royal African Society. 22 February 2022.</cite> [Interview with Desta Haile, December 2021.]</ref> === Wasanni === * ''Rashin lafiya na Tsohon Shugaba Kiti'', Ofishin Littattafan Gabashin Afirka, 1976 * ''Shari'ar Dedan Kimathi'' (wanda aka rubuta tare da [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]), [[Heinemann (Mawallafa)|Heinemann]], 1977 === Waƙoƙi === * ''Daughter of My People, Sing!'', East African Literature Bureau, 1976, {{ISBN|9789966441546}} * ''My Mother's Song and Other Poems'', East African Educational Publishers, 1994, {{ISBN|9789966464996}} === Tattaunawar wallafe-wallafen === * ''Ra'ayoyin Afirka: Labarin [[Chinua Achebe]], Margaret Laurence, Elspeth Huxley, da Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o'', Ofishin Littattafan Kenya, 1978 * ''Orature na Afirka da 'Yancin Dan Adam'', Cibiyar Nazarin Kudancin Afirka, Jami'ar Kasa ta Lesotho, 1991, {{ISBN|9789991131009}} * The Imperative of Utu / Ubuntu a cikin ƙwarewar Afirka, Daraja Press, 2021, {{ISBN|978-1990263248}} === Tarihin kansa === * ''Rubuce-rubuce da Magana daga Zuciya ta Zuciya'', Africa World Press, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1592218547}} == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa da aka zaɓa == * 1985: Marcus Garvey Award from the Canadian Branch of [[Ƙungiyar Inganta Negro ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Al'ummomin Afirka|UNIA]].<ref name="CV">{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae {{!}} MICERE M. GITHAE MUGO |url=https://africacenturyconference.co.za/curriculum-vitae/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Africa Century International African Writers Conference}}</ref> * 1987–90: Award for research on African orature and human rights, Ford Foundation.<ref name="RAS press release">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Press release: Lifetime Achievement in African Literature awarded to Micere Mugo by Royal African Society |url=https://royalafricansociety.org/press-release-lifetime-achievement-in-african-literature-awarded-to-micere-mugo-by-royal-african-society/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |publisher=Royal African Society}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://royalafricansociety.org/press-release-lifetime-achievement-in-african-literature-awarded-to-micere-mugo-by-royal-african-society/ "Press release: Lifetime Achievement in African Literature awarded to Micere Mugo by Royal African Society"]. Royal African Society. 30 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> * 1992: Award for writing and publication, Rockefeller Foundation. * 1994: The Syracuse University African American Student Association, Malcolm X Memorial Award For Excellence in Academic and Community Service.<ref name="CV" /> * 2002: "The Top 100: They Influenced Kenya Most during the 20th Century", ''East African Standard''.<ref name="The Standard - Hurricanes">{{Cite web |last=Ngunjiri |first=Mbugua |date=2 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes' |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Standard}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNgunjiri2023">Ngunjiri, Mbugua (2 July 2023). [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001476359/micere-mugos-achievements-were-like-the-force-of-hurricanes "Micere Mugo's achievements were like 'the force of hurricanes'"]. ''The Standard''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * 2002: Sojourner Truth Award for Black Woman Professor of the Year, National Association of Negro Business & Professional Women's Clubs.<ref name="CV" /> * 2003: Founder, United Women of Africa Organization. * 2004: Human Rights Award, Onondaga County Human Rights Commission.<ref name="CV" /> * 2004: Beyond Community Recognition Awards, Inc.<ref name="CV" /> * Lifetime Community Service Award (CNY Women Syracuse Chapter).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> * 2007: Laura J. and L. Douglas Meredith Professor for Teaching Excellence, Syracuse University. * 2007: Distinguished Africanist Scholar Award, New York African Studies Association (NYASA).<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2007 |title=Mugo honored with 2007 Distinguished Africanist Award |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2007/04/06/mugo-honored-with-2007-distinguished-africanist-award/ |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Syracuse University News |publisher=Syracuse University}}</ref> * 2008: Girl Scouts Women of Distinction Award, Lafayette Country Club.<ref name="CV" /> * 2008: Central New York (CNY) Women of Distinction Award, for contributions to the Syracuse community. * 2009: United Women of Africa Organization (UWAO) Award for Visionary Leadership Award.<ref name="CV" /> * 2010: Lifetime Achievement Award, Pan African Studies Program, Syracuse University. * 2012: Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Distinguished Lecturer Award, [[Jami'ar Dar es Salaam|University of Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muiruri |first=Mwangi |date=1 July 2023 |title=Prof Micere Mugo pens her last life at 80 |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/prof-micere-mugo-pens-her-last-life-at-80-4289638 |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Nation}}</ref> * 2013: Flora Nwapa Award for excellence in Africana literature, African Literature Association. * 2013: Elder of the Burning Spear, Government of Kenya. * 2020: Doctor of Letters Honorary Degree, [[Jami'ar Nairobi|University of Nairobi]]. * 2021: Lifetime Achievement Award in African Literature, Royal African Society.<ref name="RAS press release" /> * 2022: Lifetime Achievement Award, the Defenders Coalition and the Embassy of Sweden in Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murua |first=James |author-link=James Murua |date=1 July 2023 |title=Micere Mugo has passed away |url=https://www.writingafrica.com/micere-mugo-has-passed-away/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=[[Writing Africa]]}}</ref> * 2023: Proclamation from the Mayor's Office, City of Syracuse. * 2024: Fonlon-Nichols Award from the African Literature Association.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2014 |title=The Fonlon-Nichols Award |url=https://africanlit.org/the-fonlon-nichols-award/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=africanlit.org |publisher=African Literature Association}}</ref> == Kyauta == Ita ce batun tarin litattafai a cikin girmamawa, Making Life Sing in Pursuit of Utu: The Micere Githae Mugo Story (Bookcraft, 2022), wanda D. Ndirangu Wachanga ya shirya, mai ba da labarinta kuma farfesa na nazarin kafofin watsa labarai da kimiyyar bayanai a Jami'ar Wisconsin, wanda kuma ya yi fim din fim na wannan taken. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2019 |title=CinemAfriq Film Screening: Making life sing in pursuit of utu |url=https://africa.harvard.edu/event/cinemafriq-film-screening-making-life-sing-pursuit-utu |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=Center for African Studies |publisher=harvard University}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wachanga |first=Ndirangu |date=18 August 2023 |title=Reflections: The Micere I Knew |url=https://www.theelephant.info/reflections/2023/08/18/the-micere-i-knew/ |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=The Elephant}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 49qv0yzcohqu35zm0es94c1pt2xnr7y 0 152057 839277 2026-05-23T08:54:13Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Beauty Terah | fullname = Terah Kabeda Beauty | birth_place = Najeriya | otheroccupation = Ɗaliba | league1 = Najeriya | role1 = Assistant referee | internationalyears1 = 2021– | confederation1 = FIFA | internationalrole1 = Assistant referee }} '''Beauty Terah''' (wanda ake kira '''Terah Kabeda Beauty''') ƴar Najeriya ce mai aikin ''assistant referee'' (lineswoman) a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ta samu shaidar FIFA a shekarar 2... 839277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Beauty Terah | fullname = Terah Kabeda Beauty | birth_place = Najeriya | otheroccupation = Ɗaliba | league1 = Najeriya | role1 = Assistant referee | internationalyears1 = 2021– | confederation1 = FIFA | internationalrole1 = Assistant referee }} '''Beauty Terah''' (wanda ake kira '''Terah Kabeda Beauty''') ƴar Najeriya ce mai aikin ''assistant referee'' (lineswoman) a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ta samu shaidar FIFA a shekarar 2021, lamarin da ya ba ta damar jagorantar wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin [[FIFA]] da [[CAF]]. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun mata masu aikin alkalanci a Najeriya, musamman a bangaren mata masu taimakawa alkalai a wasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=UNILAG Student, Another Nigerian Woman Referee Get FIFA Badges...As International Referees Badging Ceremony Holds |url=https://www.sports247.ng/unilag-student-another-nigerian-woman-referee-get-fifa-badges-as-international-referees-badging-ceremony-holds/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=29 Nigerian referees receive officiating badges from FIFA |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/story/29-nigerian-referees-receive-officiating-badges-from-fifa-2023020107221882580 |work=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=1 February 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == Beauty Terah ta fito daga Najeriya kuma ta yi karatu a FCT College of Education da ke Zuba, inda ta karanci Physical and Health Education. Ta fara nuna sha’awa a harkar alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa tun tana matashiya kafin daga bisani ta shiga tsarin horas da alkalai na Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=UNILAG Student, Another Nigerian Woman Referee Get FIFA Badges...As International Referees Badging Ceremony Holds |url=https://www.sports247.ng/unilag-student-another-nigerian-woman-referee-get-fifa-badges-as-international-referees-badging-ceremony-holds/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Aikin alkalanci == A shekarar 2021, FIFA ta saka Beauty Terah cikin jerin alkalan duniya daga Najeriya a matsayin ''assistant referee''. Wannan nasara ta sanya ta cikin ƙananan mata ƴan Najeriya da suka samu damar jagorantar wasannin duniya. Ta ci gaba da riƙe matsayinta a jerin FIFA na shekarun baya-bayan nan.<ref>{{cite news |title=UNILAG Student, Another Nigerian Woman Referee Get FIFA Badges...As International Referees Badging Ceremony Holds |url=https://www.sports247.ng/unilag-student-another-nigerian-woman-referee-get-fifa-badges-as-international-referees-badging-ceremony-holds/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=1 January 2026 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an zaɓi Beauty Terah tare da wasu mata alkalai daga Najeriya domin gudanar da wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar FIFA Women Under-17 World Cup tsakanin Nijar da Morocco a Yamai, Nijar. Ta yi aiki a matsayin ''Assistant Referee 1'' a wasan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Four Nigerian Women Referees selected for World Cup U-17 Qualifying Match |url=https://radionigeria.gov.ng/2022/04/16/4-nigerian-women-referees-in-wwc-u-17-qualifier-match/ |work=FRCN HQ |date=16 April 2022 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, Beauty Terah ta shiga shirin FIFA MA Course for Elite Referees da aka gudanar a Abuja domin ƙara ƙwarewa a harkar alkalanci. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa ta mayar da hankali sosai wajen koyon sabbin dokokin wasa da dabarun gudanar da wasa a matsayin mai taimakawa alkalin tsakiya.<ref>{{cite news |title=“Not The Time For Make-Up”: Beauty Kabenda Focuses On Excellence At FIFA MA Course For Elite Referees |url=https://www.sports247.ng/not-the-time-for-make-up-beauty-kabenda-focuses-on-excellence-at-fifa-ma-course-for-elite-referees/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=14 July 2024 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2026, FIFA ta sake sanya sunanta cikin jerin alkalan duniya daga Najeriya, wanda ya tabbatar da ci gaba da amincewar da hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya suke da ita gare ta.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/fifa-releases-nigeria-s-2026-international-referees-list |work=Africa Sport Network |date=3 January 2026 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=2026: FIFA names 30 Nigerian officials on international referees' list |url=https://blueprint.ng/2026-fifa-names-30-nigerian-officials-on-international-referees-list/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=2 January 2026 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Suna a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa == Beauty Terah tana daga cikin matan Najeriya da suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa aikin alkalancin mata a ƙasar. Ta samu yabo saboda ƙoƙarinta wajen haɗa sana’ar alkalanci da ci gaba da ilimi, tare da kasancewa abin koyi ga matasa mata masu sha’awar shiga harkar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite news |title=29 Nigerian referees receive officiating badges from FIFA |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/story/29-nigerian-referees-receive-officiating-badges-from-fifa-2023020107221882580 |work=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=1 February 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=“Not The Time For Make-Up”: Beauty Kabenda Focuses On Excellence At FIFA MA Course For Elite Referees |url=https://www.sports247.ng/not-the-time-for-make-up-beauty-kabenda-focuses-on-excellence-at-fifa-ma-course-for-elite-referees/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=14 July 2024 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alkalan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] rmye6axrrgk0g6s75la9fupbqhdkb9o 0 152058 839278 2026-05-23T08:56:47Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Celestine Efosa Igudia''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin mataimakin alkalin wasa (assistant referee ko linesman) a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya kasance cikin jerin alkalan wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa da hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya, wato FIFA, ta amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a madadin Najeriya. An san shi da shiga gasannin CAF, FIFA da kuma wasannin WAFU a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant... 839278 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celestine Efosa Igudia''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai aikin mataimakin alkalin wasa (assistant referee ko linesman) a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya kasance cikin jerin alkalan wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa da hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya, wato FIFA, ta amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a madadin Najeriya. An san shi da shiga gasannin CAF, FIFA da kuma wasannin WAFU a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant referees on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/athletics/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists |work=Africa Sport Network |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA approves 30 Nigerian referees for international duties in 2024 |url=https://www.thecable.ng/fifa-approves-30-nigerian-referees-for-international-duties-in-2024/ |work=TheCable |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Aiki == Igudia ya yi suna a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa a gasannin yankin Afirka ta Yamma da kuma wasannin nahiyar Afirka. A shekarar 2021, ya kasance cikin tawagar alkalan wasan Najeriya da aka tura gasar WAFU U-17 da aka gudanar a Togo. A wannan gasa ya yi aiki tare da Adebimpe Quadri da Peter Edibe wajen gudanar da wasu muhimman wasanni.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Referees: Edibe, Quadri, Igudia On WAFU U-17 Duty |url=https://www.sports247.ng/nigeria-referees-edibe-quadri-igudia-on-wafu-u-17-duty/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, hukumar FIFA ta zaɓi Celestine Igudia cikin jami’an wasan da za su jagoranci wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA tsakanin ƙasashen Gambia da Angola. A wannan wasa, Igudia ya kasance Assistant Referee 1 tare da Quadri Adebimpe a matsayin babban alkalin wasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Youngest FIFA badged referee Quadri picked for World Cup qualifiers |url=https://brila.net/youngest-fifa-badged-referee-quadri-picked-for-world-cup-qualifiers/ |work=Brila FM |date=27 August 2019 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Puts Adebimpe, Others on World Cup Qualifying Duty |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2019/08/23/fifa-puts-adebimpe-others-on-world-cup-qualifying-duty/ |work=Within Nigeria |date=23 August 2019 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Igudia ya sake samun damar gudanar da wasan CAF Champions League tsakanin ASKO De Kara ta Togo da JS Kabylie ta Algeria. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Assistant Referee 1 tare da wasu alkalan wasan Najeriya a gasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ogabor Leads Three Nigerian FIFA Referees For CAF Champions League Clash |url=https://www.sports247.ng/ogabor-leads-three-nigerian-fifa-referees-for-caf-champions-league-clash/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=8 October 2022 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == FIFA International List == Celestine Igudia ya kasance cikin jerin mataimakan alkalan wasa na Najeriya da FIFA ta amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa na shekarar 2024. Sunansa ya bayyana tare da sauran manyan alkalan wasa na Najeriya da ke wakiltar ƙasar a nahiyar Afirka da duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/12/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA picks 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants for 2024 games |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fifa-picks-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-for-2024-games/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Masu gudanar da wasannin FIFA]] fjz17jt07w5twtsdda2euwwnnn9mv5x 0 152059 839279 2026-05-23T08:58:42Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Mustapha Ahmad Tijjani''' ɗan Najeriya ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin ''assistant referee'' (linesman) a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya samu karɓuwa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta FIFA ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alƙalan wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa daga Najeriya domin gudanar da wasannin duniya na shekarar 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant referees on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/athletics/fifa... 839279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mustapha Ahmad Tijjani''' ɗan Najeriya ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin ''assistant referee'' (linesman) a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya samu karɓuwa bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta FIFA ta sanya sunansa cikin jerin alƙalan wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa daga Najeriya domin gudanar da wasannin duniya na shekarar 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant referees on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/athletics/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists |work=Africa Sport Network |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Sana'a == A watan Disamba na shekarar 2023, FIFA ta amince da sunan Mustapha Ahmad Tijjani a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan alƙalan wasa guda 11 daga Najeriya da aka zaɓa domin ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa na shekarar 2024. Wannan sanarwar ta fito ne ta hannun Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF), inda aka bayyana jerin sunayen alƙalai da mataimakan alƙalai da za su wakilci Najeriya a wasannin duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://sportingtribune.com/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Sporting Tribune |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA Places 11 Nigerian Referees, 11 Assistant Referees On 2024 International Lists |url=https://www.completesports.com/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Complete Sports |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> An haɗa sunan Ahmad Mustapha Tijjani tare da sauran fitattun mataimakan alƙalan wasa daga Najeriya da suka samu damar shiga jerin FIFA, abin da ke nuna yadda Najeriya ke ci gaba da samar da ƙwararrun jami’an gudanar da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant referees on 2024 international lists |url=https://sportsvillagesquare.com/2023/12/14/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Sports Village Square |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA picks 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants for 2024 games |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fifa-picks-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-for-2024-games/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alƙalan wasa na ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] 13mjh3o5drt0359dmfl6c68l2jcvw8n 0 152060 839280 2026-05-23T09:01:25Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football official | name = Celestine Efosa | fullname = Igudia Efosa Celestine | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Mataimakin alkalin wasa (Assistant referee) | confederation1 = CAF | internationalyears1= 2021– | internationalrole1 = FIFA Assistant Referee }} '''Igudia Efosa Celestine''' ɗaya ne daga cikin fitattun mataimakan alkalan wasa (linesmen) na ƙasar Najeriya da ke gudanar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a mataki... 839280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official | name = Celestine Efosa | fullname = Igudia Efosa Celestine | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Mataimakin alkalin wasa (Assistant referee) | confederation1 = CAF | internationalyears1= 2021– | internationalrole1 = FIFA Assistant Referee }} '''Igudia Efosa Celestine''' ɗaya ne daga cikin fitattun mataimakan alkalan wasa (linesmen) na ƙasar Najeriya da ke gudanar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa. Ya samu karɓuwa musamman bayan da hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta FIFA ta saka sunansa cikin jerin alkalan wasan Najeriya da aka amince su gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/12/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA picks 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants for 2024 games |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fifa-picks-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-for-2024-games/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Aiki a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa == Celestine Efosa ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa a gasar cikin gida ta Najeriya tare da wasu wasannin da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka (CAF) ke shiryawa. Ya kasance cikin jerin jami’an wasan Najeriya da suka wakilci ƙasar a gasar WAFU U-17 da aka gudanar a Togo a shekarar 2021. A wannan gasa, ya yi aiki a matsayin assistant referee a wasu manyan wasanni tsakanin ƙasashen yankin yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Referees: Edibe, Quadri, Igudia On WAFU U-17 Duty |url=https://www.sports247.ng/nigeria-referees-edibe-quadri-igudia-on-wafu-u-17-duty/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Celestine Efosa ya kasance cikin tawagar alkalan wasan Najeriya da CAF ta zaɓa domin gudanar da wasan gasar CAF Champions League tsakanin ASKO De Kara ta Togo da JS Kabylie ta Algeria. A wannan wasa, ya yi aiki a matsayin Assistant Referee 1 tare da sauran jami’an wasa daga Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ogabor Leads Three Nigerian FIFA Referees For CAF Champions League Clash |url=https://www.sports247.ng/ogabor-leads-three-nigerian-fifa-referees-for-caf-champions-league-clash/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=8 October 2022 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == FIFA International List == A ƙarshen shekarar 2023, FIFA ta amince da sunan Igudia Efosa Celestine cikin jerin mataimakan alkalan wasan Najeriya guda 11 da za su gudanar da wasannin duniya a shekarar 2024. Wannan matsayi yana nuna cewa ya samu cikakkiyar amincewa daga FIFA da kuma Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya (NFF) wajen gudanar da manyan wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Assigns 30 Nigerian Referees For International Duties In 2024 |url=https://leadership.ng/fifa-assigns-30-nigerian-referees-for-international-duties-in-2024-2/ |work=Leadership Newspaper |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Places 11 Nigerian Referees, 11 Assistant Referees On 2024 International Lists |url=https://www.completesports.com/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Complete Sports Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmanci == Kasancewar Celestine Efosa cikin jerin FIFA International Referees ya ƙara nuna ci gaban alkalan wasan Najeriya a matakin duniya. Hakan ya kuma nuna irin yadda Najeriya ke ci gaba da samar da jami’an wasa masu ƙwarewa domin gudanar da manyan wasannin CAF da FIFA.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Authorizes Thirty Nigerian Referees for 2024 Events |url=https://absl.ng/fifa-authorizes-thirty-nigerian-referees-for-2024-events/ |work=AMAC Broadcasting Service Limited |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alkalan wasan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Mutanen Edo State]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 1755lpva319giczrd6odtnghmnjjkkf 839281 839280 2026-05-23T09:02:05Z Saad Nuhu 43323 839281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Celestine Efosa | fullname = Igudia Efosa Celestine | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Mataimakin alkalin wasa (Assistant referee) | confederation1 = CAF | internationalyears1= 2021– | internationalrole1 = FIFA Assistant Referee }} '''Igudia Efosa Celestine''' ɗaya ne daga cikin fitattun mataimakan alkalan wasa (linesmen) na ƙasar Najeriya da ke gudanar da wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa. Ya samu karɓuwa musamman bayan da hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ta FIFA ta saka sunansa cikin jerin alkalan wasan Najeriya da aka amince su gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/12/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Vanguard Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA picks 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants for 2024 games |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fifa-picks-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-for-2024-games/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Aiki a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa == Celestine Efosa ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa a gasar cikin gida ta Najeriya tare da wasu wasannin da Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka (CAF) ke shiryawa. Ya kasance cikin jerin jami’an wasan Najeriya da suka wakilci ƙasar a gasar WAFU U-17 da aka gudanar a Togo a shekarar 2021. A wannan gasa, ya yi aiki a matsayin assistant referee a wasu manyan wasanni tsakanin ƙasashen yankin yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Referees: Edibe, Quadri, Igudia On WAFU U-17 Duty |url=https://www.sports247.ng/nigeria-referees-edibe-quadri-igudia-on-wafu-u-17-duty/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, Celestine Efosa ya kasance cikin tawagar alkalan wasan Najeriya da CAF ta zaɓa domin gudanar da wasan gasar CAF Champions League tsakanin ASKO De Kara ta Togo da JS Kabylie ta Algeria. A wannan wasa, ya yi aiki a matsayin Assistant Referee 1 tare da sauran jami’an wasa daga Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ogabor Leads Three Nigerian FIFA Referees For CAF Champions League Clash |url=https://www.sports247.ng/ogabor-leads-three-nigerian-fifa-referees-for-caf-champions-league-clash/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=8 October 2022 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == FIFA International List == A ƙarshen shekarar 2023, FIFA ta amince da sunan Igudia Efosa Celestine cikin jerin mataimakan alkalan wasan Najeriya guda 11 da za su gudanar da wasannin duniya a shekarar 2024. Wannan matsayi yana nuna cewa ya samu cikakkiyar amincewa daga FIFA da kuma Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Najeriya (NFF) wajen gudanar da manyan wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Assigns 30 Nigerian Referees For International Duties In 2024 |url=https://leadership.ng/fifa-assigns-30-nigerian-referees-for-international-duties-in-2024-2/ |work=Leadership Newspaper |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Places 11 Nigerian Referees, 11 Assistant Referees On 2024 International Lists |url=https://www.completesports.com/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Complete Sports Nigeria |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmanci == Kasancewar Celestine Efosa cikin jerin FIFA International Referees ya ƙara nuna ci gaban alkalan wasan Najeriya a matakin duniya. Hakan ya kuma nuna irin yadda Najeriya ke ci gaba da samar da jami’an wasa masu ƙwarewa domin gudanar da manyan wasannin CAF da FIFA.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Authorizes Thirty Nigerian Referees for 2024 Events |url=https://absl.ng/fifa-authorizes-thirty-nigerian-referees-for-2024-events/ |work=AMAC Broadcasting Service Limited |date=15 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alkalan wasan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Mutanen Edo State]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] ttn0foqf51biny71bu9igfizir1muu1 0 152061 839282 2026-05-23T09:04:24Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Kabenda Beauty | fullname = Terah Kabenda Beauty | nationality = [[Nigeria]] | occupation = Mai riƙe tuta / Assistant Referee | league1 = [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] | role1 = Assistant referee | internationalyears1 = 2021– | confederation1 = [[FIFA]] | internationalrole1 = Assistant referee }} '''Terah Kabenda Beauty''' ɗaya ce daga cikin fitattun mata masu aikin alƙalancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya, wadda ta... 839282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Kabenda Beauty | fullname = Terah Kabenda Beauty | nationality = [[Nigeria]] | occupation = Mai riƙe tuta / Assistant Referee | league1 = [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] | role1 = Assistant referee | internationalyears1 = 2021– | confederation1 = [[FIFA]] | internationalrole1 = Assistant referee }} '''Terah Kabenda Beauty''' ɗaya ce daga cikin fitattun mata masu aikin alƙalancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya, wadda ta shahara a matsayin mai riƙe tuta (assistant referee ko lineswoman). Ta kasance mai alamar [[FIFA]] tun daga shekarar 2021, kuma tana gudanar da wasa a gasar [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] (NPFL). An san ta da ƙoƙarinta wajen bunƙasa ilimin dokokin wasa da kuma wakiltar Najeriya a gasannin ƙasa da na duniya. <ref>{{cite news |title=The rise of female referees in Nigerian football |url=https://dailytrust.com/the-rise-of-female-referees-in-nigerian-football/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Rayuwa da Sana'a == Kabenda Beauty ta fito daga [[Federal Capital Territory]], Najeriya. Ta fara samun karɓuwa ne bayan ta shiga jerin alkalan wasa mata da ke samun damar gudanar da manyan wasanni a Najeriya. Haka kuma ta kasance cikin sabbin mata da suka taimaka wajen ƙara yawan mata masu shiga harkar alƙalancin ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar. <ref>{{cite news |title=The rise of female referees in Nigerian football |url=https://dailytrust.com/the-rise-of-female-referees-in-nigerian-football/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> A shekarar 2021 ne FIFA ta ba ta lambar duniya (FIFA badge), wanda ya ba ta damar gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin assistant referee. Tun daga lokacin take ci gaba da wakiltar Najeriya a wasannin da [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] da FIFA ke shiryawa. <ref>{{cite news |title=Not The Time For Make-Up”: Beauty Kabenda Focuses On Excellence At FIFA MA Course For Elite Referees |url=https://www.sports247.ng/not-the-time-for-make-up-beauty-kabenda-focuses-on-excellence-at-fifa-ma-course-for-elite-referees/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2024-07-14 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Ayyukan Duniya == A shekarar 2023, Hukumar [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ta naɗa Kabenda Beauty a matsayin assistant referee 2 a wasan neman matsayi na uku na gasar mata ta WAFU B U20 tsakanin Burkina Faso da Benin Republic a Kumasi, Ghana. Wannan na daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa da ta jagoranta. <ref>{{cite news |title=WAFU U20 Women Tourney: Ivorien official, Natacha Konan, to take charge of Ghana, Nigeria |url=https://www.sportsvillagesquare.com/2023/06/02/wafu-u20-women-tourney-ivorien-official-natacha-konan-to-take-charge-of-ghana-nigeria/ |work=Sports Village Square |date=2023-06-02 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, FIFA ta sake sanya sunanta cikin jerin alkalan wasa 30 daga Najeriya da aka amince su gudanar da wasannin duniya. Ta kasance cikin alkalan mata 11 masu riƙe tuta da Najeriya ta miƙa wa FIFA domin ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA approves 30 Nigerian referees for international duties in 2024 |url=https://www.thecable.ng/fifa-approves-30-nigerian-referees-for-international-duties-in-2024/ |work=TheCable |date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Horaswa da Cigaba == Kabenda Beauty ta shiga shirin horaswa na ''FIFA MA Course for Elite Referees'' da aka gudanar a Abuja a shekarar 2024. A yayin horon, ta bayyana cewa mayar da hankali ga ƙwarewa da fahimtar sabbin dokokin wasa shi ne babban abin da ya fi muhimmanci a gare ta. Masu horaswa na FIFA da CAF sun yaba da jajircewarta da ƙoƙarinta wajen inganta aikinta. <ref>{{cite news |title=Not The Time For Make-Up”: Beauty Kabenda Focuses On Excellence At FIFA MA Course For Elite Referees |url=https://www.sports247.ng/not-the-time-for-make-up-beauty-kabenda-focuses-on-excellence-at-fifa-ma-course-for-elite-referees/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2024-07-14 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Tasiri == Kabenda Beauty tana daga cikin sabbin mata masu tasiri a harkar alƙalancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Ci gabanta ya nuna yadda mata ke ƙara samun gurbi a manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na maza da mata a Najeriya da Afrika baki ɗaya. <ref>{{cite news |title=The rise of female referees in Nigerian football |url=https://dailytrust.com/the-rise-of-female-referees-in-nigerian-football/ |work=Daily Trust |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alƙalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Matan Najeriya]] [[Category:Masu aikin FIFA]] 0jv5b5ioel9n9rwotfem7rilvbp4yzy 0 152062 839283 2026-05-23T09:07:45Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football official | name = Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide | fullname = Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Assistant referee | confederation= FIFA | internationalyears = 2017– }} '''Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide''' ɗan wasan layi ne (assistant referee) na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Najeriya wanda yake jagorantar wasanni a ƙarƙashin [[FIFA]] da [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkalan Najeriy... 839283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official | name = Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide | fullname = Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Assistant referee | confederation= FIFA | internationalyears = 2017– }} '''Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide''' ɗan wasan layi ne (assistant referee) na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Najeriya wanda yake jagorantar wasanni a ƙarƙashin [[FIFA]] da [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkalan Najeriya da FIFA ta amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Aiki == Usman Olaide ya yi suna a harkar alƙalancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya musamman a matsayin assistant referee a manyan gasanni na cikin gida da na nahiyar Afirka. Ya samu shiga cikin jerin alkalan duniya na FIFA tun daga shekarar 2017, lamarin da ya ba shi damar gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Alƙalan Wasanni ta CAF ta zaɓi Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide cikin alkalan da za su jagoranci gasar matasan yankin Yammacin Afirka ta WAFU U-20 da aka gudanar a Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. A yayin gasar, ya gudanar da wasanni da dama a matakin rukuni sannan aka sake zaɓensa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar a matsayin assistant referee na biyu. <ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Referee Exhibits Excellence At WAFU U20 Tournament |url=https://www.sports247.ng/nigeria-referee-exhibits-excellence-at-wafu-u20-tournament/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2023-07-21 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, FIFA ta saka sunan Usman Olaide cikin jerin assistant referees guda 11 daga Najeriya da aka amince da su domin ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa. Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF) ta bayyana hakan ne ta bakin daraktan sadarwa Ademola Olajire. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Haka kuma, an sake tabbatar da sunansa a jerin alkalan Najeriya na FIFA na shekarar 2026, wanda hakan ya nuna ci gaba da amincewar da hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya ke yi da ƙwarewarsa a aikin alƙalanci. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan layi na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alƙalan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] lhu1383q4h2curzhvx3ijytgk9vp0rc 839284 839283 2026-05-23T09:08:07Z Saad Nuhu 43323 839284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide | fullname = Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Assistant referee | confederation= FIFA | internationalyears = 2017– }} '''Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide''' ɗan wasan layi ne (assistant referee) na ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar Najeriya wanda yake jagorantar wasanni a ƙarƙashin [[FIFA]] da [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin alkalan Najeriya da FIFA ta amince da su domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Aiki == Usman Olaide ya yi suna a harkar alƙalancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya musamman a matsayin assistant referee a manyan gasanni na cikin gida da na nahiyar Afirka. Ya samu shiga cikin jerin alkalan duniya na FIFA tun daga shekarar 2017, lamarin da ya ba shi damar gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Alƙalan Wasanni ta CAF ta zaɓi Usman Abdulmajeed Olaide cikin alkalan da za su jagoranci gasar matasan yankin Yammacin Afirka ta WAFU U-20 da aka gudanar a Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. A yayin gasar, ya gudanar da wasanni da dama a matakin rukuni sannan aka sake zaɓensa a wasan ƙarshe na gasar a matsayin assistant referee na biyu. <ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Referee Exhibits Excellence At WAFU U20 Tournament |url=https://www.sports247.ng/nigeria-referee-exhibits-excellence-at-wafu-u20-tournament/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2023-07-21 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, FIFA ta saka sunan Usman Olaide cikin jerin assistant referees guda 11 daga Najeriya da aka amince da su domin ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa. Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF) ta bayyana hakan ne ta bakin daraktan sadarwa Ademola Olajire. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Haka kuma, an sake tabbatar da sunansa a jerin alkalan Najeriya na FIFA na shekarar 2026, wanda hakan ya nuna ci gaba da amincewar da hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya ke yi da ƙwarewarsa a aikin alƙalanci. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2025 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan layi na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alƙalan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] tcxpe32axtw9xom1p9vits34fdycuk9 0 152063 839286 2026-05-23T09:11:26Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | name = Ridwan Lawal | fullname = Lawal Ridwan Temitope | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Assistant referee (linesman) | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | internationalyears = 2026– | confederation = FIFA / CAF | internationalrole = Assistant referee }} '''Lawal Ridwan Temitope''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Ridwan Lawal''', ɗaya ne daga cikin masu taimaka wa alkalin wasa (assistant refe... 839286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Ridwan Lawal | fullname = Lawal Ridwan Temitope | nationality = Najeriya | occupation = Assistant referee (linesman) | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | internationalyears = 2026– | confederation = FIFA / CAF | internationalrole = Assistant referee }} '''Lawal Ridwan Temitope''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Ridwan Lawal''', ɗaya ne daga cikin masu taimaka wa alkalin wasa (assistant referees ko linesmen) na Najeriya masu tasowa a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya yi aiki a wasannin [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] (NPFL) kuma daga baya ya samu amincewar [[FIFA]] da [[CAF]] a matsayin jami’in alkalanci na ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 2026.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 January 2026 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Referees |url=https://inside.fifa.com/pt/associations/NGA/referees |website=FIFA |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Sana’ar alkalanci == Ridwan Lawal ya bayyana a jerin jami’an wasan NPFL a lokuta daban-daban, inda yake aiki a matsayin assistant referee da kuma fourth official a manyan wasannin lig ɗin Najeriya. A farkon kakar NPFL ta 2025/26, an nada shi a matsayin Assistant Referee 1 a wasan da aka buga tsakanin Abia Warriors da Kano Pillars.<ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL 26: Match Officials Appointed For Match Day One Announced |url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/NPFL-26--Match-Officials-Appointed-For-Match-Day-One-Announced- |work=BSN Sports |date=21 August 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL: Remo Stars Kick Off Season Against Rivers United |url=https://von.gov.ng/npfl-remo-stars-kick-off-season-against-rivers-united/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=22 August 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2025, an kuma sanya shi cikin jami’an wasan mako na 37 na NPFL inda ya yi aiki a matsayin fourth official a wasan Remo Stars da Ikorodu City.<ref>{{cite news |title=NPFL Matchweek 37: Full List of Referees and Venues for Penultimate Fixtures |url=https://www.naifooty.com.ng/2025/05/npfl-matchweek-37-full-list-of-referees.html |work=Naifooty |date=11 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Match Officials, TV/Radio Schedule For Match Day 37 Revealed |url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/Match-Officials--TV-Radio-Schedule-For-Match-Day-37-Revealed- |work=BSN Sports |date=11 May 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Matsayi a FIFA == A shekarar 2026, FIFA ta saka Ridwan Lawal cikin jerin jami’an alkalanci na duniya daga Najeriya. Wannan mataki ya ba shi damar jagorantar wasannin da ke ƙarƙashin CAF da FIFA a matsayin assistant referee. Rahotanni daga Voice of Nigeria da Sports247 Nigeria sun bayyana cewa yana cikin sabbin jami’an da suka samu wannan matsayi a shekarar 2026.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 January 2026 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=1 January 2026 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Ce-ce-ku-ce == A watan Fabrairun 2025, Hukumar Referees Development Committee ta [[Nigeria Football Federation]] (NFF) ta dakatar da wasu jami’an wasa biyu bayan wata takaddama a wasan NPFL tsakanin Kwara United da Bayelsa United. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa ɗaya daga cikin jami’an da aka ambata shi ne Ayeni Ridwan Olatunji, wanda ya kasance assistant referee a wasan. Wasu kafafen yaɗa labarai sun haɗa wannan batu da jami’an alkalancin NPFL masu suna Ridwan.<ref>{{cite news |title=NFF suspends two referees for biased officiating |url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/02/21/nff-suspends-two-referees-for-biased-officiating/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=21 February 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NFF Suspends Two Referees Over Controversial Penalty Decision |url=https://persecondnews.com/2025/02/21/nff-suspends-two-referees-over-controversial-penalty-decision/ |work=Per Second News |date=21 February 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[FIFA]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Masu taimaka wa alkalin wasa]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] jaahnhlc16be5hr1s36stc9jno1vyt3 0 152064 839287 2026-05-23T09:13:10Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Faith Emmanuel Agbons''' ɗaya ce daga cikin mata masu aikin '''assistant referee''' (lineswoman) a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Ta samu amincewar hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya, wato FIFA, domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin mataimakiyar alkalin wasa. Ta kasance cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya da ake amfani da su a manyan gasa na cikin gida da na nahiyar Afirka. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists... 839287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Faith Emmanuel Agbons''' ɗaya ce daga cikin mata masu aikin '''assistant referee''' (lineswoman) a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya. Ta samu amincewar hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya, wato FIFA, domin gudanar da wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa a matsayin mataimakiyar alkalin wasa. Ta kasance cikin jerin alkalan Najeriya da ake amfani da su a manyan gasa na cikin gida da na nahiyar Afirka. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/12/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-on-2024-international-lists/ |work=Vanguard News |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 2024, FIFA ta sanya Faith Agbons cikin jerin mataimakan alkalan wasa guda 11 daga Najeriya da aka amince su gudanar da wasannin duniya. Wannan mataki ya tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun mata masu aikin officiating a Najeriya. Hukumar Najeriya ta ƙwallon ƙafa (NFF) ta bayyana sunanta tare da sauran alkalai da za su wakilci ƙasar a matakin duniya. <ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA approves 30 Nigerian referees for international duties |url=https://www.nationalaccordnewspaper.com/fifa-approves-30-nigerian-referees-for-international-duties/ |work=National Accord |date=14 December 2023 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2025, hukumar NFF ta sake karrama Faith Agbons tare da wasu alkalai 29 da lambar yabo ta FIFA, wadda ke ba su damar ci gaba da gudanar da wasannin duniya a shekarar 2025. Wannan bikin ya gudana ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugaban NFF Ibrahim Musa Gusau da sauran shugabannin sashen alkalanci. <ref>{{cite news |title=NFF names 30 referees for 2025 FIFA competitions |url=https://sportinglife.ng/nff-names-30-referees-for-2025-fifa-competitions/ |work=Sporting Life |date=26 February 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> Faith Agbons ta kuma samu shiga cikin jerin jami’an wasa na gasar cancantar shiga CAF Women’s Champions League ta yankin WAFU-B a shekarar 2025. An zaɓe ta ne a matsayin assistant referee tare da wasu manyan alkalan mata daga ƙasashen yammacin Afirka. Wannan zaɓi ya nuna yadda Najeriya ke ci gaba da samar da ƙwararrun mata a harkar alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{cite news |title=CAF WAFU-B: Olufunmilayo, Agbons named among match officials |url=https://www.aclsports.com/caf-wafu-b-olufunmilayo-agbons-named-among-match-officials/ |work=ACLSports |date=17 August 2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Matsayi a ƙwallon ƙafa == Faith Agbons na daga cikin ƙananan mata masu aikin assistant referee da suka samu damar shiga sahun alkalan FIFA daga Najeriya. Kasancewarta cikin jerin alkalan duniya ya ƙara fito da rawar da mata ke takawa a ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya da nahiyar Afirka. <ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria Football Federation confirms 30 referees for international duty in 2025 |url=https://africasoccer.com/nigeria-football-federation-confirms-30-referees-for-international-duty-in-2025/ |work=AfricaSoccer.com |date=2025 |access-date=23 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[FIFA]] * [[CAF Women's Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Mata a harkar wasanni]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9ghocu50f1tmwm0bmmbhv3nj6577w0r 0 152065 839288 2026-05-23T09:17:07Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Abibatu Iyadunni Stockl''' ɗaya ce daga cikin fitattun mata masu aikin '''assistant referee''' (mai riƙe da tuta ko lineswoman) a ƙwallon ƙafa daga Najeriya. Ta samu amincewar FIFA da CAF domin jagorantar wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma tana cikin jerin jami’an wasa na Najeriya da ke wakiltar ƙasar a manyan gasannin nahiyar Afirka da duniya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias... 839288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abibatu Iyadunni Stockl''' ɗaya ce daga cikin fitattun mata masu aikin '''assistant referee''' (mai riƙe da tuta ko lineswoman) a ƙwallon ƙafa daga Najeriya. Ta samu amincewar FIFA da CAF domin jagorantar wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma tana cikin jerin jami’an wasa na Najeriya da ke wakiltar ƙasar a manyan gasannin nahiyar Afirka da duniya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |work=Voice of Nigeria |date=2026-01-03 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Rayuwa da Farkon Aiki == Iyadunni Stockl ta fara aikin alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa ne a Najeriya kafin daga baya ta samu horo da takardun cancanta daga Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Duniya (FIFA) da kuma Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Afirka (CAF). Ta shahara musamman wajen aikin '''assistant referee''', wato taimakawa babban alkalin wasa wajen lura da offside, sauyin wasa, da sauran dokokin wasa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List As 30 Officials Earn Global Approval |url=https://www.sports247.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list-as-30-officials-earn-global-approval/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2026-01-01 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa da Ƙasa == A shekarar 2019, FIFA ta saka sunan Abibatu Iyadunni Stockl cikin jerin jami’an wasan duniya daga Najeriya a matsayin '''Assistant Referee'''. Wannan matsayi ya ba ta damar shiga manyan wasanni ƙarƙashin FIFA da CAF a faɗin Afirka da sauran sassan duniya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/fifa-releases-nigeria-s-2026-international-referees-list |work=Africa Sport Network |date=2026-01-03 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jerin jami’an wasan FIFA na Najeriya har zuwa shekarar 2026, abin da ya nuna dorewar ƙwarewarta da amincewar da hukumomin ƙwallon ƙafa suke da ita a kanta. <ref>{{Cite news |title=2026: FIFA names 30 Nigerian officials on international referees’ list |url=https://blueprint.ng/2026-fifa-names-30-nigerian-officials-on-international-referees-list/ |work=Blueprint Newspapers |date=2026-01-02 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Matsayi a Ƙwallon Ƙafan Najeriya == Iyadunni Stockl na daga cikin mata kaɗan da suka yi fice a harkar alkalancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Shigarta cikin jerin jami’an FIFA ana kallonsa a matsayin wani babban ci gaba ga mata a harkar wasanni a ƙasar. Ta kuma taimaka wajen ƙara wakilcin Najeriya a fannin alkalanci na duniya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistant referees on 2024 international lists |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/athletics/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists |work=Africa Sport Network |date=2023-12-14 |access-date=2026-05-23}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Matan Najeriya]] [[Category:Masu aikin FIFA]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 1vaq1onhq95ab6iezee7felde6kb69i 0 152066 839297 2026-05-23T09:50:14Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1316555707|Tobacco Factory Theatre]]" 839297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masana'antar taba''' yana kan bene na farko na ginin masana'antar Taba a kusurwar titin Arewa da Raleigh Road, Southville a [[Bristol]], Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Directions |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/visit/directions/}}</ref> Wurin yana da wurare biyu na wasan kwaikwayon - Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Spielman (wurin wasan kwaikwayo mai sauƙi don mutane 72) da Gidan wasan kwaikwayon Factory (babban gidan da ke kunshe da sararin studio tare da rufi mai laushi da tsayayyen grid tare da ginshiƙan tsari wanda ke shiga cikin yankin wasan kwaikwayo). Har ila yau akwai mashaya / ɗakin kwana, ɗakunan taro da Ofishin Jakadancin. Babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na iya zama har zuwa mutane 350, kodayake yawanci yana da damar kusan 250.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Spaces |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/about/the_spaces/#the_spaces}}</ref> Shirin ya hada da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na zamani, wasan kwaikwayo, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo na fim, wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin 2012 sama da mutane 100,000 sun zo ta ƙofofin gidan wasan kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Support Us |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/support/individuals/#individuals}}</ref> kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayon yana jan hankalin masu sukar ƙasa a kai a kai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TFT&nbsp;– Review Round Up |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/news/detail/richard_iii_review_round_up/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TFT -Review Round Up |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/news/detail/cinderella_review_round-up/}}</ref> == Tarihi == Taba sigari shine babban masana'antu a Kudancin Bristol daga farkon karni na ashirin kuma a mafi girma kusan kashi 40% na ma'aikatan yankin sun yi aiki a Masana'antar Taba sigari. Maido da taba na Imperial a cikin shekarun 1980 ya kasance mai lalacewa ga yankin, wanda ya haifar da rashin aikin yi da talauci. Ginin Masana'antar Taba da kansa ya fada cikin lalacewa amma an sabunta shi daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990 lokacin da George Ferguson ya sami ginin, yana gayyatar Kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Show of Strength don amfani da wani ɓangare na bene na farko a matsayin filin wasan kwaikwayo. Ginin ya zama sararin al'adu mai amfani da juna tare da cafe-bar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 250, a ƙarƙashin sunan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Taba. A shekara ta 2005 gidan wasan kwaikwayo na taba ya zama amintaccen sadaka kuma a shekara ta 2007 ya zama Babban Mai ba da Ayyuka na Majalisar Birnin Bristol. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatres |url=http://theatrebristol.net/tobacco-factory-theatres |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402141407/http://theatrebristol.net/tobacco-factory-theatres |archive-date=2 April 2014 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=Theatre Bristol}}</ref> Ya fadada tun 2008. Ya yi ci gaba da yawa, gami da shigar da tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon a kai a kai yana jan hankalin masu sukar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vale |first=Alison |date=17 September 2015 |title=Living Quarters |url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/living-quarters-tobacco-factory-12084 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=British Theatre Guide}}</ref> kuma yana da dangantaka mai karfi tare da masu fasaha da yawa, tare da wuraren da kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo. An san shi sosai don samar da Shakespeare a Masana'antar Taba, samar da gidaje masu kyau da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma wasan kwaikwayon gargajiya da na zamani, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo, fim, opera da kiɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatres&nbsp;— Bristol&nbsp;— History |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/about/history/#history |website=tobaccofactorytheatre.com}}</ref> An sake fasalin gidan wasan kwaikwayon a cikin 2013 kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya, yana ƙara yawan wurin zama zuwa 350, tare da ingantaccen ta'aziyya da layin kallo. Har yanzu ana iya amfani da gidan wasan kwaikwayon don ƙarshen mataki da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Daraktan zane-zane na yanzu shine Heidi Vaughan, wanda aka nada a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Heidi Vaughan named as Tobacco Factory Theatres' new Artistic Director & CEO |url=https://tobaccofactorytheatres.com/heidi-vaughan-named-as-tobacco-factory-theatres-new-artistic-director-ceo/ |access-date=11 Nov 2024}}</ref> == Ayyukan cikin gida == === 2026 === * '''Makirci''' === 2025 === * '''Cosi Fan Tutte''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Opera Project) * '''Rapunzel: Labari na Gashi''' === 2024 === * '''Aure na Figaro''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Opera Project) * '''Labarin Winters''' * '''Hansel da Gretel''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabon Gasar Kasa da Kasa) === 2023 === * '''Oliver Twist''' === 2022 === * '''An bayyana shi''' * Sarauniyar Snow (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabon Gidan Duniya & Cambridge Junction) * '''Oz''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Pins da Needles) * Snow White (Haɗin gwiwa tare da New International Encounter & Cambridge Junction) == Manazarta == m0z0tpgzvyrlrxwiipsb4l0ya5rzzgh 839298 839297 2026-05-23T09:51:00Z Arcdanumma047 38699 839298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masana'antar taba''' yana kan bene na farko na ginin masana'antar Taba a kusurwar titin Arewa da Raleigh Road, Southville a [[Bristol]], Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Directions |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/visit/directions/}}</ref> Wurin yana da wurare biyu na wasan kwaikwayon - Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Spielman (wurin wasan kwaikwayo mai sauƙi don mutane 72) da Gidan wasan kwaikwayon Factory (babban gidan da ke kunshe da sararin studio tare da rufi mai laushi da tsayayyen grid tare da ginshiƙan tsari wanda ke shiga cikin yankin wasan kwaikwayo). Har ila yau akwai mashaya / ɗakin kwana, ɗakunan taro da Ofishin Jakadancin. Babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na iya zama har zuwa mutane 350, kodayake yawanci yana da damar kusan 250.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Spaces |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/about/the_spaces/#the_spaces}}</ref> Shirin ya hada da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na zamani, wasan kwaikwayo, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo na fim, wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin 2012 sama da mutane 100,000 sun zo ta ƙofofin gidan wasan kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Support Us |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/support/individuals/#individuals}}</ref> kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayon yana jan hankalin masu sukar ƙasa a kai a kai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TFT&nbsp;– Review Round Up |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/news/detail/richard_iii_review_round_up/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TFT -Review Round Up |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/news/detail/cinderella_review_round-up/}}</ref> == Tarihi == Taba sigari shine babban masana'antu a Kudancin Bristol daga farkon karni na ashirin kuma a mafi girma kusan kashi 40% na ma'aikatan yankin sun yi aiki a Masana'antar Taba sigari. Maido da taba na Imperial a cikin shekarun 1980 ya kasance mai lalacewa ga yankin, wanda ya haifar da rashin aikin yi da talauci. Ginin Masana'antar Taba da kansa ya fada cikin lalacewa amma an sabunta shi daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990 lokacin da George Ferguson ya sami ginin, yana gayyatar Kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Show of Strength don amfani da wani ɓangare na bene na farko a matsayin filin wasan kwaikwayo. Ginin ya zama sararin al'adu mai amfani da juna tare da cafe-bar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 250, a ƙarƙashin sunan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Taba. A shekara ta 2005 gidan wasan kwaikwayo na taba ya zama amintaccen sadaka kuma a shekara ta 2007 ya zama Babban Mai ba da Ayyuka na Majalisar Birnin Bristol. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatres |url=http://theatrebristol.net/tobacco-factory-theatres |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402141407/http://theatrebristol.net/tobacco-factory-theatres |archive-date=2 April 2014 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=Theatre Bristol}}</ref> Ya fadada tun 2008. Ya yi ci gaba da yawa, gami da shigar da tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon a kai a kai yana jan hankalin masu sukar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vale |first=Alison |date=17 September 2015 |title=Living Quarters |url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/living-quarters-tobacco-factory-12084 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=British Theatre Guide}}</ref> kuma yana da dangantaka mai karfi tare da masu fasaha da yawa, tare da wuraren da kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo. An san shi sosai don samar da Shakespeare a Masana'antar Taba, samar da gidaje masu kyau da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma wasan kwaikwayon gargajiya da na zamani, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo, fim, opera da kiɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatres&nbsp;— Bristol&nbsp;— History |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/about/history/#history |website=tobaccofactorytheatre.com}}</ref> An sake fasalin gidan wasan kwaikwayon a cikin 2013 kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya, yana ƙara yawan wurin zama zuwa 350, tare da ingantaccen ta'aziyya da layin kallo. Har yanzu ana iya amfani da gidan wasan kwaikwayon don ƙarshen mataki da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Daraktan zane-zane na yanzu shine Heidi Vaughan, wanda aka nada a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Heidi Vaughan named as Tobacco Factory Theatres' new Artistic Director & CEO |url=https://tobaccofactorytheatres.com/heidi-vaughan-named-as-tobacco-factory-theatres-new-artistic-director-ceo/ |access-date=11 Nov 2024}}</ref> == Ayyukan cikin gida == === 2026 === * '''Makirci''' === 2025 === * '''Cosi Fan Tutte''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Opera Project) * '''Rapunzel: Labari na Gashi''' === 2024 === * '''Aure na Figaro''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Opera Project) * '''Labarin Winters''' * '''Hansel da Gretel''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabon Gasar Kasa da Kasa) === 2023 === * '''Oliver Twist''' === 2022 === * '''An bayyana shi''' * Sarauniyar Snow (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabon Gidan Duniya & Cambridge Junction) * '''Oz''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Pins da Needles) * Snow White (Haɗin gwiwa tare da New International Encounter & Cambridge Junction) == Manazarta == q8odmp473kg4pffqvde8uw6n67x95wl 0 152067 839306 2026-05-23T10:35:45Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341401410|Flies (2023 film)]]" 839306 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Tsuntsaye |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Moscas.jpg|alt=Poster for ''Moscas'' featuring a man in a suit looking downwards with the word "MOSCAS" across him. "ViX Original" is written at the top.|frameless|Poster for ''Moscas'' featuring a man in a suit looking downwards with the word "MOSCAS" across him. "ViX Original" is written at the top.]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data description" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mutanen Espanya | class="infobox-data" |''Tsuntsaye'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |Aritz Moreno |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Shirin da aka yi | class="infobox-data" |Javier Gullón |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Ya dogara da | class="infobox-data" |<div class="template-based-on">Wanda daga nesa suke kama da kwari Kike Ferrari<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Mai Farin Ciki </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Ernesto Alterio * Mara Bestelli * Tomás Pozzi * Claudio Rissi </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Javier Aguirre Erauso |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Raúl López |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Maite Arroitajauregi Mursego |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanin samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Fina-finai na Morena </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An rarraba ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |ViX |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * 6 ga Oktoba 2023 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2023-10-06</span>)&nbsp;</span> (Sitges) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasashe | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Spain * Argentina </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Mutanen Espanya |} Manazarta sun yi kokarin da yake da shi a matsayin shugaban kasa a ido ana i ka yi Flies (Spanish: Moscas) fim ne mai ban dariya na baƙar fata na 2023 wanda Aritz Moreno ya jagoranta daga rubutun Javier Gullón wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin {{Interlanguage link|Enrique Ferrari|es|lt=Kike Ferrari}}.[es] Tauraruwar Ernesto Alterio ce. == Labarin Shirin == An kafa shi a [[Buenos Aires]], <ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> makircin ya biyo bayan halin da dan kasuwa mai banƙyama Luis Machi ya fuskanta bayan ya sami gawar a cikin akwati na motarsa da kuma yunkurinsa na kawar da jikin. == Masu ba da labari ==   == Fitarwa == Fim din shine Morena Films da Pensa&Rocca Mutanen Espanya da Argentina tare da Merry Colomer, Daniel Pensa, da Miguel Rocca. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2023 |title=Se anunció el lanzamiento de la coproducción «Moscas», con Ernesto Alterio, Mara Bestelli y Claudio Rissi |url=https://gpsaudiovisual.com/2023/03/31/se-anuncio-el-lanzamiento-de-la-coproduccion-moscas-con-ernesto-alterio-mara-bestelli-y-claudio-rissi/ |website=GPSaudiovisual}}</ref> An harbe shi a [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Moscas, el nuevo largometraje de Aritz Moreno, tendrá su estreno mundial en Sitges |url=https://www.mundoplus.tv/cine/moscas-el-nuevo-largometraje-de-aritz-moreno-tendra-su-estreno-mundial-en-sitges/ |website=MundoPlus}}</ref> == Saki == Fim din ya shiga babban shirin gasa na 56th Sitges Film Festival, tare da nunawa da aka shirya don 6 ga Oktoba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=20 películas (y algunas series) que no deberías perderte en el Festival de Sitges 2023 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20230919/mejores-peliculas-sitges-2023-seleccion-horarios-92279474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |publisher=[[Prensa Ibérica]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, bikin ya haɗa da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Brussels (BIFFF) a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2024 |title="Steppenwolf" wint Gouden Raaf op BIFFF |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/04/21/steppenwolf-gouden-raaf-bifff/ |website=[[vrt.be]]}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == Miguel Ángel Romero na Cinemanía ya kimanta ''Fim din'' 4 daga cikin taurari 5, yana mai bayyana shi "babban abin ban tsoro ta hanyar abubuwan da ke hana zuciya wanda ke sa mai kallo ya tsallake daga wurin zama".<ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRomero2024">Romero, Miguel Ángel (9 October 2024). [https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ "Sitges 2023 | 'Moscas': Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro"]. ''[[Cinemanía]]'' &#x2013; via [[20minutos.es]].</cite></ref> Alfonso Rivera na Cineuropa ya yi la'akari da fim din a ƙarshe ya zama "wani nishaɗi tare da mahimman bayanai na zamantakewa", "saboda kayan aikinsa na gani yana ba da damar jin daɗi fiye da tunani mai tunani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rivera |first=Alfonso |date=9 October 2024 |title=Review: Flies |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/451036/#cm |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6lwp8uyxnjwegbo7cck7k0xpmhnadtn 839307 839306 2026-05-23T10:38:40Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 839307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flies (Spanish: Moscas)''' fim ne mai ban dariya na baƙar fata na 2023 wanda Aritz Moreno ya jagoranta daga rubutun Javier Gullón wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin {{Interlanguage link|Enrique Ferrari|es|lt=Kike Ferrari}}.[es] Tauraruwar Ernesto Alterio ce. == Labarin Shirin == An kafa shi a [[Buenos Aires]], <ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> makircin ya biyo bayan halin da dan kasuwa mai banƙyama Luis Machi ya fuskanta bayan ya sami gawar a cikin akwati na motarsa da kuma yunkurinsa na kawar da jikin. == Masu ba da labari ==   == Fitarwa == Fim din shine Morena Films da Pensa&Rocca Mutanen Espanya da Argentina tare da Merry Colomer, Daniel Pensa, da Miguel Rocca. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2023 |title=Se anunció el lanzamiento de la coproducción «Moscas», con Ernesto Alterio, Mara Bestelli y Claudio Rissi |url=https://gpsaudiovisual.com/2023/03/31/se-anuncio-el-lanzamiento-de-la-coproduccion-moscas-con-ernesto-alterio-mara-bestelli-y-claudio-rissi/ |website=GPSaudiovisual}}</ref> An harbe shi a [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Moscas, el nuevo largometraje de Aritz Moreno, tendrá su estreno mundial en Sitges |url=https://www.mundoplus.tv/cine/moscas-el-nuevo-largometraje-de-aritz-moreno-tendra-su-estreno-mundial-en-sitges/ |website=MundoPlus}}</ref> == Saki == Fim din ya shiga babban shirin gasa na 56th Sitges Film Festival, tare da nunawa da aka shirya don 6 ga Oktoba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=20 películas (y algunas series) que no deberías perderte en el Festival de Sitges 2023 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20230919/mejores-peliculas-sitges-2023-seleccion-horarios-92279474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |publisher=[[Prensa Ibérica]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, bikin ya haɗa da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Brussels (BIFFF) a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2024 |title="Steppenwolf" wint Gouden Raaf op BIFFF |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/04/21/steppenwolf-gouden-raaf-bifff/ |website=[[vrt.be]]}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == Miguel Ángel Romero na Cinemanía ya kimanta ''Fim din'' 4 daga cikin taurari 5, yana mai bayyana shi "babban abin ban tsoro ta hanyar abubuwan da ke hana zuciya wanda ke sa mai kallo ya tsallake daga wurin zama".<ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRomero2024">Romero, Miguel Ángel (9 October 2024). [https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ "Sitges 2023 | 'Moscas': Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro"]. ''[[Cinemanía]]'' &#x2013; via [[20minutos.es]].</cite></ref> Alfonso Rivera na Cineuropa ya yi la'akari da fim din a ƙarshe ya zama "wani nishaɗi tare da mahimman bayanai na zamantakewa", "saboda kayan aikinsa na gani yana ba da damar jin daɗi fiye da tunani mai tunani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rivera |first=Alfonso |date=9 October 2024 |title=Review: Flies |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/451036/#cm |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} d3j49cmhsk2y5pknuwxnifoso2qfuet 839308 839307 2026-05-23T10:40:23Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Karɓuwa */ 839308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flies (Spanish: Moscas)''' fim ne mai ban dariya na baƙar fata na 2023 wanda Aritz Moreno ya jagoranta daga rubutun Javier Gullón wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin {{Interlanguage link|Enrique Ferrari|es|lt=Kike Ferrari}}.[es] Tauraruwar Ernesto Alterio ce. == Labarin Shirin == An kafa shi a [[Buenos Aires]], <ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> makircin ya biyo bayan halin da dan kasuwa mai banƙyama Luis Machi ya fuskanta bayan ya sami gawar a cikin akwati na motarsa da kuma yunkurinsa na kawar da jikin. == Masu ba da labari ==   == Fitarwa == Fim din shine Morena Films da Pensa&Rocca Mutanen Espanya da Argentina tare da Merry Colomer, Daniel Pensa, da Miguel Rocca. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2023 |title=Se anunció el lanzamiento de la coproducción «Moscas», con Ernesto Alterio, Mara Bestelli y Claudio Rissi |url=https://gpsaudiovisual.com/2023/03/31/se-anuncio-el-lanzamiento-de-la-coproduccion-moscas-con-ernesto-alterio-mara-bestelli-y-claudio-rissi/ |website=GPSaudiovisual}}</ref> An harbe shi a [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Moscas, el nuevo largometraje de Aritz Moreno, tendrá su estreno mundial en Sitges |url=https://www.mundoplus.tv/cine/moscas-el-nuevo-largometraje-de-aritz-moreno-tendra-su-estreno-mundial-en-sitges/ |website=MundoPlus}}</ref> == Saki == Fim din ya shiga babban shirin gasa na 56th Sitges Film Festival, tare da nunawa da aka shirya don 6 ga Oktoba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=20 películas (y algunas series) que no deberías perderte en el Festival de Sitges 2023 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20230919/mejores-peliculas-sitges-2023-seleccion-horarios-92279474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |publisher=[[Prensa Ibérica]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, bikin ya haɗa da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Brussels (BIFFF) a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2024 |title="Steppenwolf" wint Gouden Raaf op BIFFF |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/04/21/steppenwolf-gouden-raaf-bifff/ |website=[[vrt.be]]}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == Miguel Ángel Romero na Cinemanía ya kimanta ''Fim din'' 4 daga cikin taurari 5, yana mai bayyana shi "babban abin ban tsoro ta hanyar abubuwan da ke hana zuciya wanda ke sa mai kallo ya tsallake daga wurin zama".<ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> Alfonso Rivera na Cineuropa ya yi la'akari da fim din a ƙarshe ya zama "wani nishaɗi tare da mahimman bayanai na zamantakewa", "saboda kayan aikinsa na gani yana ba da damar jin daɗi fiye da tunani mai tunani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rivera |first=Alfonso |date=9 October 2024 |title=Review: Flies |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/451036/#cm |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b3izhchg90jlq2g9evk10ufcgk40oxu 839309 839308 2026-05-23T10:40:52Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 839309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Flies (Spanish: Moscas)''' fim ne mai ban dariya na baƙar fata na 2023 wanda Aritz Moreno ya jagoranta daga rubutun Javier Gullón wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin {{Interlanguage link|Enrique Ferrari|es|lt=Kike Ferrari}}.[es] Tauraruwar Ernesto Alterio ce. == Labarin Shirin == An kafa shi a [[Buenos Aires]], <ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> makircin ya biyo bayan halin da dan kasuwa mai banƙyama Luis Machi ya fuskanta bayan ya sami gawar a cikin akwati na motarsa da kuma yunkurinsa na kawar da jikin. == Masu ba da labari ==   == Fitarwa == Fim din shine Morena Films da Pensa&Rocca Mutanen Espanya da Argentina tare da Merry Colomer, Daniel Pensa, da Miguel Rocca. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2023 |title=Se anunció el lanzamiento de la coproducción «Moscas», con Ernesto Alterio, Mara Bestelli y Claudio Rissi |url=https://gpsaudiovisual.com/2023/03/31/se-anuncio-el-lanzamiento-de-la-coproduccion-moscas-con-ernesto-alterio-mara-bestelli-y-claudio-rissi/ |website=GPSaudiovisual}}</ref> An harbe shi a [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Moscas, el nuevo largometraje de Aritz Moreno, tendrá su estreno mundial en Sitges |url=https://www.mundoplus.tv/cine/moscas-el-nuevo-largometraje-de-aritz-moreno-tendra-su-estreno-mundial-en-sitges/ |website=MundoPlus}}</ref> == Saki == Fim din ya shiga babban shirin gasa na 56th Sitges Film Festival, tare da nunawa da aka shirya don 6 ga Oktoba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=20 películas (y algunas series) que no deberías perderte en el Festival de Sitges 2023 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20230919/mejores-peliculas-sitges-2023-seleccion-horarios-92279474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |publisher=[[Prensa Ibérica]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, bikin ya haɗa da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Brussels (BIFFF) a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2024 |title="Steppenwolf" wint Gouden Raaf op BIFFF |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/04/21/steppenwolf-gouden-raaf-bifff/ |website=[[vrt.be]]}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == Miguel Ángel Romero na Cinemanía ya kimanta ''Fim din'' 4 daga cikin taurari 5, yana mai bayyana shi "babban abin ban tsoro ta hanyar abubuwan da ke hana zuciya wanda ke sa mai kallo ya tsallake daga wurin zama".<ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> Alfonso Rivera na Cineuropa ya yi la'akari da fim din a ƙarshe ya zama "wani nishaɗi tare da mahimman bayanai na zamantakewa", "saboda kayan aikinsa na gani yana ba da damar jin daɗi fiye da tunani mai tunani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rivera |first=Alfonso |date=9 October 2024 |title=Review: Flies |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/451036/#cm |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rp8ts33fq81btzm08orszxldxmf0b7t 839311 839309 2026-05-23T10:42:32Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Masu ba da labari */ 839311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Flies (Spanish: Moscas)''' fim ne mai ban dariya na baƙar fata na 2023 wanda Aritz Moreno ya jagoranta daga rubutun Javier Gullón wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin {{Interlanguage link|Enrique Ferrari|es|lt=Kike Ferrari}}.[es] Tauraruwar Ernesto Alterio ce. == Labarin Shirin == An kafa shi a [[Buenos Aires]], <ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> makircin ya biyo bayan halin da dan kasuwa mai banƙyama Luis Machi ya fuskanta bayan ya sami gawar a cikin akwati na motarsa da kuma yunkurinsa na kawar da jikin. == Ƴan wasan fim ==   * [[Ernesto Alterio]] as Luis Machi<ref name="elconfi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/cultura/2023-10-08/moscas-aritz-moreno-sitges_3750498/|website=[[El Confidencial]]|title='Moscas': por qué para triunfar en la vida hay que ser un corrupto (y por qué el pasado siempre vuelve)|first=Marta|last=Medina|date=8 October 2024}}</ref> * Mara Bestelli<ref name="cine">{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/todo-que-sabemos-sobre-moscas-aritz-moreno-trailer-sinopsis-reparto-director-fecha-estreno-5179077/|website=[[Cinemanía]]|via=[[20minutos.es]]|date=5 October 2023|title=Todo lo que sabemos sobre el thriller 'Moscas' de Aritz Moreno': tráiler, sinopsis, reparto y fecha de estreno}}</ref> * Tomás Pozzi as Cloaca<ref name="elconfi" /> * [[Claudio Rissi]] as Miguel<ref name="elconfi" /> * Gabriel Fernández<ref name="cine" /> == Fitarwa == Fim din shine Morena Films da Pensa&Rocca Mutanen Espanya da Argentina tare da Merry Colomer, Daniel Pensa, da Miguel Rocca. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2023 |title=Se anunció el lanzamiento de la coproducción «Moscas», con Ernesto Alterio, Mara Bestelli y Claudio Rissi |url=https://gpsaudiovisual.com/2023/03/31/se-anuncio-el-lanzamiento-de-la-coproduccion-moscas-con-ernesto-alterio-mara-bestelli-y-claudio-rissi/ |website=GPSaudiovisual}}</ref> An harbe shi a [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2023 |title=Moscas, el nuevo largometraje de Aritz Moreno, tendrá su estreno mundial en Sitges |url=https://www.mundoplus.tv/cine/moscas-el-nuevo-largometraje-de-aritz-moreno-tendra-su-estreno-mundial-en-sitges/ |website=MundoPlus}}</ref> == Saki == Fim din ya shiga babban shirin gasa na 56th Sitges Film Festival, tare da nunawa da aka shirya don 6 ga Oktoba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=20 películas (y algunas series) que no deberías perderte en el Festival de Sitges 2023 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/ocio-y-cultura/20230919/mejores-peliculas-sitges-2023-seleccion-horarios-92279474 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |publisher=[[Prensa Ibérica]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, bikin ya haɗa da nunawa a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Brussels (BIFFF) a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2024 |title="Steppenwolf" wint Gouden Raaf op BIFFF |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/04/21/steppenwolf-gouden-raaf-bifff/ |website=[[vrt.be]]}}</ref> == Karɓuwa == Miguel Ángel Romero na Cinemanía ya kimanta ''Fim din'' 4 daga cikin taurari 5, yana mai bayyana shi "babban abin ban tsoro ta hanyar abubuwan da ke hana zuciya wanda ke sa mai kallo ya tsallake daga wurin zama".<ref name="romero">{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Miguel Ángel |date=9 October 2024 |title=Sitges 2023 {{!}} ‘Moscas’: Ernesto Alterio se enfrenta a un asesino en un Buenos Aires repleto de violencia y humor negro |url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/sitges-2023-moscas-ernesto-alterio-aritz-moreno-5179709/ |website=[[Cinemanía]] |via=[[20minutos.es]]}}</ref> Alfonso Rivera na Cineuropa ya yi la'akari da fim din a ƙarshe ya zama "wani nishaɗi tare da mahimman bayanai na zamantakewa", "saboda kayan aikinsa na gani yana ba da damar jin daɗi fiye da tunani mai tunani".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rivera |first=Alfonso |date=9 October 2024 |title=Review: Flies |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/451036/#cm |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 19na2d72n7hkded6wv4nlyrs63ayz85 0 152068 839314 2026-05-23T11:08:43Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336865579|Nella Brown Pond]]" 839314 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne Nella Frank Brown Pond''' (7 ga Mayu, 1858 - 14 ga Satumba, 1893) ta kasance mai karatu da malami a Boston, Massachusetts . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Nella Frank Brown a Springfield, Massachusetts, a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1858. Mahaifinta, Dokta Enoch Brown, ya kasance fitaccen likita na Springfield, na wasu shekaru, sannan ya koma New York, inda ya mutu, yayin da Pond yake matashi. Daga nan ne iyalin suka tafi Middletown, Connecticut, kuma a ƙarshe suka zama mazauna dindindin na Boston. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:NELLA_BROWN_POND_A_woman_of_the_century_(page_590_crop).jpg|left|thumb|Nella Brown Pond, Wata mace ta ƙarni]] Nella Brown Pond ta kasance ƙwararren mai karatu kuma ta tsaya a cikin matsayi na gaba na matan Amurka waɗanda suka sanya alamar su a kan dandalin. A Boston, ƙwarewar Pond ta halitta ta zama sananne ga 'yan abokai, waɗanda suka sa ta zama memba na Kamfanin Dramatic na Park, ƙungiyar mai son mai girma. Ta bayyana a karo na farko a matsayin Margaret Elmore a cikin Hadaya ta Ƙauna kuma ta sami nasara nan take. Ta kasance tare da kamfanin a wannan kakar, kuma babban baiwarta mai ban mamaki ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ya sami karɓa daga fitattun masu sana'a. Ta sami tayin yabo da yawa daga manajojin manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na birni, amma ta ki amincewa da su duka, tana da rashin amincewa da lamiri game da zuwa mataki. Misis Thomas Barry, wacce a lokacin take jagorantar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Boston, ta zama mai matukar sha'awar ta kuma ta shawarce ta da ta bayyana a kan dandalin makarantar sakandare a matsayin mai karatu, tana annabci cewa za ta zama mai daraja. Tare da ƙarfafawar Mrs. Barry, an shirya alkawari tare da Ofishin Redpath Lyceum, kuma Pond nan da nan ya ɗauki matsayi kuma ya sami shahara wanda lokutan da suka biyo baya kawai suka kara karfi. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 1880, Nella Brown Pond ta zama matar Ozias W. Pond, ta Boston, sanannen manajan shahararrun mawaƙa da wallafe-wallafen. Mijinta ya mutu a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1892. Ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1893, a Boston, daga [[Zazzabin Rawaya|zazzabin typhoid]] . <ref name="Harrisburg Daily Independent 1893">{{Cite journal |date=1893 |title=To the Patrons of the Y.M.C.A. Star Course - 30 Sep 1893, Sat • Page 8 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13889616/harrisburg_daily_independent/ |journal=Harrisburg Daily Independent |page=8 |access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} tfubc3bfd8fvu3ed0vcz29csremenht 839315 839314 2026-05-23T11:10:35Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 839315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nella Frank Brown Pond''' (7 ga Mayu, 1858 - 14 ga Satumba, 1893) ta kasance mai karatu da malami a Boston, Massachusetts . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Nella Frank Brown a Springfield, Massachusetts, a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1858. Mahaifinta, Dokta Enoch Brown, ya kasance fitaccen likita na Springfield, na wasu shekaru, sannan ya koma New York, inda ya mutu, yayin da Pond yake matashi. Daga nan ne iyalin suka tafi Middletown, Connecticut, kuma a ƙarshe suka zama mazauna dindindin na Boston. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:NELLA_BROWN_POND_A_woman_of_the_century_(page_590_crop).jpg|left|thumb|Nella Brown Pond, Wata mace ta ƙarni]] Nella Brown Pond ta kasance ƙwararren mai karatu kuma ta tsaya a cikin matsayi na gaba na matan Amurka waɗanda suka sanya alamar su a kan dandalin. A Boston, ƙwarewar Pond ta halitta ta zama sananne ga 'yan abokai, waɗanda suka sa ta zama memba na Kamfanin Dramatic na Park, ƙungiyar mai son mai girma. Ta bayyana a karo na farko a matsayin Margaret Elmore a cikin Hadaya ta Ƙauna kuma ta sami nasara nan take. Ta kasance tare da kamfanin a wannan kakar, kuma babban baiwarta mai ban mamaki ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ya sami karɓa daga fitattun masu sana'a. Ta sami tayin yabo da yawa daga manajojin manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na birni, amma ta ki amincewa da su duka, tana da rashin amincewa da lamiri game da zuwa mataki. Misis Thomas Barry, wacce a lokacin take jagorantar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Boston, ta zama mai matukar sha'awar ta kuma ta shawarce ta da ta bayyana a kan dandalin makarantar sakandare a matsayin mai karatu, tana annabci cewa za ta zama mai daraja. Tare da ƙarfafawar Mrs. Barry, an shirya alkawari tare da Ofishin Redpath Lyceum, kuma Pond nan da nan ya ɗauki matsayi kuma ya sami shahara wanda lokutan da suka biyo baya kawai suka kara karfi. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 1880, Nella Brown Pond ta zama matar Ozias W. Pond, ta Boston, sanannen manajan shahararrun mawaƙa da wallafe-wallafen. Mijinta ya mutu a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1892. Ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1893, a Boston, daga [[Zazzabin Rawaya|zazzabin typhoid]] . <ref name="Harrisburg Daily Independent 1893">{{Cite journal |date=1893 |title=To the Patrons of the Y.M.C.A. Star Course - 30 Sep 1893, Sat • Page 8 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13889616/harrisburg_daily_independent/ |journal=Harrisburg Daily Independent |page=8 |access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 58qx02v1qgipixqj3wv6vqkzkf4rz7b 839317 839315 2026-05-23T11:12:13Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rayuwa ta mutum */ 839317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nella Frank Brown Pond''' (7 ga Mayu, 1858 - 14 ga Satumba, 1893) ta kasance mai karatu da malami a Boston, Massachusetts . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Nella Frank Brown a Springfield, Massachusetts, a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1858. Mahaifinta, Dokta Enoch Brown, ya kasance fitaccen likita na Springfield, na wasu shekaru, sannan ya koma New York, inda ya mutu, yayin da Pond yake matashi. Daga nan ne iyalin suka tafi Middletown, Connecticut, kuma a ƙarshe suka zama mazauna dindindin na Boston. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:NELLA_BROWN_POND_A_woman_of_the_century_(page_590_crop).jpg|left|thumb|Nella Brown Pond, Wata mace ta ƙarni]] Nella Brown Pond ta kasance ƙwararren mai karatu kuma ta tsaya a cikin matsayi na gaba na matan Amurka waɗanda suka sanya alamar su a kan dandalin. A Boston, ƙwarewar Pond ta halitta ta zama sananne ga 'yan abokai, waɗanda suka sa ta zama memba na Kamfanin Dramatic na Park, ƙungiyar mai son mai girma. Ta bayyana a karo na farko a matsayin Margaret Elmore a cikin Hadaya ta Ƙauna kuma ta sami nasara nan take. Ta kasance tare da kamfanin a wannan kakar, kuma babban baiwarta mai ban mamaki ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ya sami karɓa daga fitattun masu sana'a. Ta sami tayin yabo da yawa daga manajojin manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na birni, amma ta ki amincewa da su duka, tana da rashin amincewa da lamiri game da zuwa mataki. Misis Thomas Barry, wacce a lokacin take jagorantar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Boston, ta zama mai matukar sha'awar ta kuma ta shawarce ta da ta bayyana a kan dandalin makarantar sakandare a matsayin mai karatu, tana annabci cewa za ta zama mai daraja. Tare da ƙarfafawar Mrs. Barry, an shirya alkawari tare da Ofishin Redpath Lyceum, kuma Pond nan da nan ya ɗauki matsayi kuma ya sami shahara wanda lokutan da suka biyo baya kawai suka kara karfi. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 1880, Nella Brown Pond ta zama matar Ozias W. Pond, ta Boston, sanannen manajan shahararrun mawaƙa da wallafe-wallafen. Mijinta ya mutu a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1892.<ref name="Willard">{{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice|title=A woman of the century; fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life|date=1893|location=Buffalo, N.Y.|publisher=Moulton|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will/page/579 579]–580|url=https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will|access-date=August 8, 2017}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> Ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1893, a Boston, daga [[Zazzabin Rawaya|zazzabin typhoid]] . <ref name="Harrisburg Daily Independent 1893">{{Cite journal |date=1893 |title=To the Patrons of the Y.M.C.A. Star Course - 30 Sep 1893, Sat • Page 8 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13889616/harrisburg_daily_independent/ |journal=Harrisburg Daily Independent |page=8 |access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2my350gf88qqtnp4ctofi71zdp460bx 839318 839317 2026-05-23T11:13:43Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Ayyuka */ 839318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nella Frank Brown Pond''' (7 ga Mayu, 1858 - 14 ga Satumba, 1893) ta kasance mai karatu da malami a Boston, Massachusetts . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Nella Frank Brown a Springfield, Massachusetts, a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1858. Mahaifinta, Dokta Enoch Brown, ya kasance fitaccen likita na Springfield, na wasu shekaru, sannan ya koma New York, inda ya mutu, yayin da Pond yake matashi. Daga nan ne iyalin suka tafi Middletown, Connecticut, kuma a ƙarshe suka zama mazauna dindindin na Boston. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:NELLA_BROWN_POND_A_woman_of_the_century_(page_590_crop).jpg|left|thumb|Nella Brown Pond, Wata mace ta ƙarni]] Nella Brown Pond ta kasance ƙwararren mai karatu kuma ta tsaya a cikin matsayi na gaba na matan Amurka waɗanda suka sanya alamar su a kan dandalin.<ref name="Willard" /> A Boston, ƙwarewar Pond ta halitta ta zama sananne ga 'yan abokai, waɗanda suka sa ta zama memba na Kamfanin Dramatic na Park, ƙungiyar mai son mai girma. Ta bayyana a karo na farko a matsayin Margaret Elmore a cikin Hadaya ta Ƙauna kuma ta sami nasara nan take. Ta kasance tare da kamfanin a wannan kakar, kuma babban baiwarta mai ban mamaki ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ya sami karɓa daga fitattun masu sana'a. Ta sami tayin yabo da yawa daga manajojin manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na birni, amma ta ki amincewa da su duka, tana da rashin amincewa da lamiri game da zuwa mataki.<ref name="Willard" /> Misis Thomas Barry, wacce a lokacin take jagorantar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Boston, ta zama mai matukar sha'awar ta kuma ta shawarce ta da ta bayyana a kan dandalin makarantar sakandare a matsayin mai karatu, tana annabci cewa za ta zama mai daraja. Tare da ƙarfafawar Mrs. Barry, an shirya alkawari tare da Ofishin Redpath Lyceum, kuma Pond nan da nan ya ɗauki matsayi kuma ya sami shahara wanda lokutan da suka biyo baya kawai suka kara karfi.<ref name="Willard" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 1880, Nella Brown Pond ta zama matar Ozias W. Pond, ta Boston, sanannen manajan shahararrun mawaƙa da wallafe-wallafen. Mijinta ya mutu a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1892.<ref name="Willard">{{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice|title=A woman of the century; fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life|date=1893|location=Buffalo, N.Y.|publisher=Moulton|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will/page/579 579]–580|url=https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will|access-date=August 8, 2017}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> Ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1893, a Boston, daga [[Zazzabin Rawaya|zazzabin typhoid]] . <ref name="Harrisburg Daily Independent 1893">{{Cite journal |date=1893 |title=To the Patrons of the Y.M.C.A. Star Course - 30 Sep 1893, Sat • Page 8 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13889616/harrisburg_daily_independent/ |journal=Harrisburg Daily Independent |page=8 |access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b9t331o1bl6jz5901nbm69y3jgbj208 839319 839318 2026-05-23T11:16:31Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 839319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nella Frank Brown Pond''' (7 ga Mayu, 1858 - 14 ga Satumba, 1893) ta kasance mai karatu da malami a Boston, Massachusetts . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Nella Frank Brown a Springfield, Massachusetts, a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1858. Mahaifinta, Dokta Enoch Brown, ya kasance fitaccen likita na Springfield, na wasu shekaru, sannan ya koma New York, inda ya mutu, yayin da Pond yake matashi. Daga nan ne iyalin suka tafi Middletown, Connecticut, kuma a ƙarshe suka zama mazauna dindindin na Boston.<ref name="Willard" /> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:NELLA_BROWN_POND_A_woman_of_the_century_(page_590_crop).jpg|left|thumb|Nella Brown Pond, Wata mace ta ƙarni]] Nella Brown Pond ta kasance ƙwararren mai karatu kuma ta tsaya a cikin matsayi na gaba na matan Amurka waɗanda suka sanya alamar su a kan dandalin.<ref name="Willard" /> A Boston, ƙwarewar Pond ta halitta ta zama sananne ga 'yan abokai, waɗanda suka sa ta zama memba na Kamfanin Dramatic na Park, ƙungiyar mai son mai girma. Ta bayyana a karo na farko a matsayin Margaret Elmore a cikin Hadaya ta Ƙauna kuma ta sami nasara nan take. Ta kasance tare da kamfanin a wannan kakar, kuma babban baiwarta mai ban mamaki ya sami karbuwa sosai kuma ya sami karɓa daga fitattun masu sana'a. Ta sami tayin yabo da yawa daga manajojin manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na birni, amma ta ki amincewa da su duka, tana da rashin amincewa da lamiri game da zuwa mataki.<ref name="Willard" /> Misis Thomas Barry, wacce a lokacin take jagorantar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Boston, ta zama mai matukar sha'awar ta kuma ta shawarce ta da ta bayyana a kan dandalin makarantar sakandare a matsayin mai karatu, tana annabci cewa za ta zama mai daraja. Tare da ƙarfafawar Mrs. Barry, an shirya alkawari tare da Ofishin Redpath Lyceum, kuma Pond nan da nan ya ɗauki matsayi kuma ya sami shahara wanda lokutan da suka biyo baya kawai suka kara karfi.<ref name="Willard" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A cikin 1880, Nella Brown Pond ta zama matar Ozias W. Pond, ta Boston, sanannen manajan shahararrun mawaƙa da wallafe-wallafen. Mijinta ya mutu a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1892.<ref name="Willard">{{cite book|last1=Willard|first1=Frances Elizabeth|last2=Livermore|first2=Mary Ashton Rice|title=A woman of the century; fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life|date=1893|location=Buffalo, N.Y.|publisher=Moulton|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will/page/579 579]–580|url=https://archive.org/details/womanofcenturyfo00will|access-date=August 8, 2017}}{{PD-notice}}</ref> Ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 1893, a Boston, daga [[Zazzabin Rawaya|zazzabin typhoid]] . <ref name="Harrisburg Daily Independent 1893">{{Cite journal |date=1893 |title=To the Patrons of the Y.M.C.A. Star Course - 30 Sep 1893, Sat • Page 8 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13889616/harrisburg_daily_independent/ |journal=Harrisburg Daily Independent |page=8 |access-date=September 20, 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b1nuhkq79jrc9opr3a2h61kvn8iyfl1