Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1014 839648 685699 2026-05-24T11:58:41Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Gyara rubutu 839648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:The Aguelmim Lake, Tikjda, Algeria.jpg|thumb|Tsuburi na algeria]] [[File:Ruins in Algerian Desert.jpg|thumb|Tsaffin gine gine a Algeria]] [[File:Maghnia-algeria.jpg|thumb|Maghnia algeria]] '''Aljeriya,''' tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen [[Afirka]] ta arewa. Tana da babban kogi daga arewacin ta tana da kuma iyaka da ƙasashe shida su ne Kamar haka: * Daga yammaci [[Maroko]] da hamada ta yamma. * Daga kudu maso yammaci [[Murutaniya|Murutaniya,]] da [[Mali]]. * Daga kudu maso gabacin [[Nijar]]. * Daga gabasci [[Libya|Libya.]] * [[File:Annaba, algeria04.jpg|thumb|Algeria]]Daga arewa maso gabasci [[Tunisiya]] [[File:Traditional Algerian desert dance.jpg|thumb|Bukukuwan al'ada na mutanen Algeria]] [[File:Abdelmadjid Tebboune (2023).jpg|thumb|Shugaban kasar Aljeriya mai ci ayanzu]] '''Aljeriya''' tana daya daga cikin kasashen, [[larabawa]] na [[Afirka]] kuma tana daya daga cikin kasashen larabawa kuma har wayau tana daya daga cikin kasashen [[Afirka]] kuma memba ce a kasashen Obek.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Algeria</ref> == '''Jihohin Aljeriya''' == Aljeriya tana da yankuna arba'in da takwas su ne :- {| |- | * <small>1</small> [[Adrar (provins)|Adrar]] * <small>2</small> [[Aïn Defla (provins)|Aïn Defla]] * <small>3</small> [[Aïn Témouchent (provins)|Aïn Témouchent]] * <small>4</small> [[Algier]] * <small>5</small> [[Annaba (provins)|Annaba]] * <small>6</small> [[Batna (provins)|Batna]] * <small>7</small> [[Béchar (provins)|Béchar]] * <small>8</small> [[Béjaïa (provins)|Béjaïa]] * <small>9</small> [[Biskra (provins)|Biskra]] * <small>10</small> [[Blida]] * <small>11</small> [[Bordj Bou Arréridj (provins)|Bordj Bou Arréridj]] * <small>12</small> [[Bouira]] * <small>13</small> [[Boumerdès]] * <small>14</small> [[Chlef]] * <small>15</small> [[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]] * <small>16</small> [[Djelfa (provins)|Djelfa]] | * <small>17</small> [[El Bayadh]] * <small>18</small> [[El Oued (provins)|El Oued]] * <small>19</small> [[El Tarf]] * <small>20</small> [[Ghardaïa]] * <small>21</small> [[Guelma]] * <small>22</small> [[Illizi]] * <small>23</small> [[Jijel]] * <small>24</small> [[Khenchela]] * <small>25</small> [[Laghouat]] * <small>26</small> [[Mila]] * <small>27</small> [[Mostaganem (provins)|Mostaganem]] * <small>28</small> [[Medea (provins)|Medea]] * <small>29</small> [[Muaskar (provins)|Muaskar]] * <small>30</small> [[M'Sila]] * <small>31</small> [[Naama]] * <small>32</small> [[Oran]] | * <small>33</small> [[Ouargla]] * <small>34</small> [[Oum el-Bouaghi]] * <small>35</small> [[Relizane]] * <small>36</small> [[Saida (provins)|Saida]] * <small>37</small> [[Sétif]] * <small>38</small> [[Sidi Bel Abbes]] * <small>39</small> [[Skikda]] * <small>40</small> [[Souk Ahras]] * <small>41</small> [[Tamanrasset]] * <small>42</small> [[Tébessa]] * <small>43</small> [[Tiaret]] * <small>44</small> [[Tindouf]] * <small>45</small> [[Tipaza]] * <small>46</small> [[Tissemsilt]] * <small>47</small> [[Tizi Ouzou]] * <small>48</small> [[Tlemcen]] | |[[File:Algeria_provinces_numbered.png|right|250px|Kaart mei provinsjes fan Algerije]] |} ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Abdalmumin_ben_ali_nedroma_statue.jpg|Mutum-Mutumin Abdalmumin ben ali nedroma File:Tombeau_de_la_Chr%C3%A9tienne.JPG|Aljeriya File:Timgad,_3,_1975.jpg|Dakin wasa File:Cath%C3%A9drale_Oran.jpeg|Birnin Oran, Aljeriya File:Tahagart.jpg|Tahagart Aljeriya File:El-3amra-15.jpg|Kogi File:Meharis.jpg|Wani da raƙuminsa a yankin Aljeriya File:ONCFDM602.JPG|Layin dogo File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg|Tutar Aljeriya File:Algeria_CIA_map.png|Taswirar Aljeriya </gallery> {{Afirka}} ---- {{Commonscat|Algeria}} [[Category:Afirka]] <references /> [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasashen arewacin Afirika]] 38cdu9znyo93dw9pjcxxmui4z0cch4e 10 2147 839422 233694 2026-05-23T17:31:29Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ +trnslt 839422 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="messagebox plainlinks" |align="center"|[[Image:Crystal Clear action run.svg|50px]] |align="left" width="100%"|'''Wannan shafin na ma'aikaci [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bot]] ne. Kuma [[:{{{site|en}}}:User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[:{{{site|en}}}:User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]]) shi ne ke gudanar da shi.''' Ba haramtaccen ma'aikaci [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppet]] ba ne, sai kai tsaye ko makamancin haka yake gudanar da kansa dan aiwatar da ayyukan da ake maimaitawa. <br> <small>''Administrators: idan wannan bot ɗin ya fara rashin ɗa'a ko haifar da matsala, ku yi ƙoƙari ku [{{fullurl:Special:Blockip|wpBlockAddress={{PAGENAMEE}}&wpBlockExpiry=indefinite&wpAnonOnly=0&wpEnableAutoblock=0&wpCreateAccount=0&wpBlockReason=Bot%20malfunctioning:%20}} kulle shi].''</small> |}{{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia bots|<includeonly>{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly> ]]}}} 1lez7rplfd6embw79a2oujoolfasp42 839423 839422 2026-05-23T17:32:28Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ gyr 839423 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="messagebox plainlinks" |align="center"|[[Image:Crystal Clear action run.svg|50px]] |align="left" width="100%"|'''Wannan shafin na ma'aikaci [[Wikipedia:Bot policy|bot]] ne. Kuma [[:{{{site|en}}}:User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[:{{{site|en}}}:User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]]) shi ne ke gudanar da shi.''' Ba haramtaccen ma'aikaci [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppet]] ba ne, sai dai kai tsaye ko makamancin haka yake gudanar da kansa dan aiwatar da ayyukan da ake maimaitawa. <br> <small>''Administrators: idan wannan bot ɗin ya fara rashin ɗa'a ko haifar da matsala, ku yi ƙoƙari ku [{{fullurl:Special:Blockip|wpBlockAddress={{PAGENAMEE}}&wpBlockExpiry=indefinite&wpAnonOnly=0&wpEnableAutoblock=0&wpCreateAccount=0&wpBlockReason=Bot%20malfunctioning:%20}} kulle shi].''</small> |}{{{category|[[Category:Wikipedia bots|<includeonly>{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly> ]]}}} d7rw1i7jyvjeoez3w4niode09escf53 0 2353 839647 737931 2026-05-24T11:56:15Z Usmanmaifada 20279 /* Al'umman Nijar 2013 */ 839647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Niger, Niamey, Place du Liptako-Gourma (2).jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Niger, Niamey, Place du Liptako-Gourma]] [[Fayil:Flag of Niger.svg|thumb|Tutan nijar]] [[Fayil:Nijar.jpg|thumb]] '''Nijar ko Nijer'''<ref>"ISO 3166". ISO Online Browsing Platform. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2017.</ref><ref>"UNGEGN World Geographical Names". United Nations Statisticsc Division. 1 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2017.</ref> ƙasa ce da ke yankin [[Afrika]] ta Yamma. Tana maƙwabtaka da ƙasashe bakwai ([[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] daga kudu, [[Libya]] daga arewa maso gabas, [[Aljeriya]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Mali]] daga yamma, [[Burkina Faso|Burkina faso]] da [[Benin]] daga kudu maso yamma, [[Cadi|Chadi]] daga gabas). Tana da al'umma da ta kai fiye da mutum miliyan sha bakwai (17) Kuma tana da ƙabilu daban-daban, kamar su: [[Hausawa]], [[Zabarmawa]], [[Abzinawa]], [[Fulani]], [[Kanuri]], [[Bugaje]], [[Barebari]], [[Larabawa]], [[Tubawa]], da [[Gurmawa]]. Nijar ta na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen ƙungiyar tattalin arziƙin ƙasashen yammacin '''[[Africa Centre|Africa]].''' ([[CEDEAO]]). Nijar tana da faɗin ƙasa kimanin 1,270,000Km (490,000sq mi) ta biyu 2 a fadin ƙasa, a ƙasashen Afirka ta yamma. Wajan 80% na ƙasar saharah ne, wajan 22 million mutanan ƙasar Nijar musulmai ne [[File:Mohamed Bazoum (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mohammed Bazum Tsohon Shugaban Ƙasar Wanda Sojoji Suka Yi Wa Juyin Mulki]] Nijar ta samu 'yancin kanta a shekara ta 1960 daga Turawan mulkin mallaka na kasar [[Faransa]]. Tana da arziƙin ma'adanai na cikin ƙasa kamar [[zinariya]], da [[Karfe|ƙarfe]], da [[gawayi]], da [[uranium]], da kuma [[Petrol|fetur]]. == Al'umman Nijar 2013 == A lissafin kasafin ƙasa da INS ta fitar<ref>(http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/)</ref>, a shekara ta 2013, ƙasar Nijar tana da al'umma milyan sha bakwai da dubu ɗari da ashirin da tara da saba'in da shida (17,129,076). == Manyan Birane == [[File:Niamey night.jpg|thumb|[[Niamey]], Babban Birnin [[Nijar]] kuma mafi girma]] [[File:Zinder (6328886864).jpg|thumb|[[Zinder]], ta biyu a girma a Nijar.]] [[File:Maradi.JPG|thumb|[[Maradi, Niger|Maradi]], ta uku a girma]] [[File:1997 277-16A Agadez hotel.jpg|thumb|[[Agadez]]]] [[File:Casas de Nijar.JPG|thumb|wasu daga cikin manyan gine-ginen kasar nijar]] Yankunan Gwamnatin kasar Sune kamar haka: *[[Yankin Agadez]] *[[Yankin Diffa]] *[[Yankin Dosso]] *[[Yankin Maradi]] *[[Yankin Tahoua]] *[[Yankin Tillabéri]] *[[Yankin Zinder]] *[[Niamey]] (Babban birni) ''Birane da ke da adadin al'umma samada dubu goma (10,000) akan kidayar shekara ta 2012.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |- valign=top style="font-weight:bold; background-color: #DDDDDD" !Birni !Kidaya Yankin !Yawan Mutane<br>2012<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Niger.html Population figures from citypopulation.de], citing [http://www.stat-niger.org/ (2001) Institut National de la Statistique du Niger].</ref> !Kasantuwa<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/NG/index.html fallingrain.com].</ref> |- |[[Abalak (gari)|Abalak]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |11,068 | |- |[[Abalak]]||[[Yankin Tahoua |Tahoua]]||21,842||<small>(Coord|15.4522222|6.2783333|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Agadez]]||[[Yankin Agadez|Agadez]]||110,497||<small>(Coord|16.9738889|7.9908333|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Aguié]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||17,397||<small>(Coord|13.5080556|7.7772222|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Arlit]]||[[Yankin Agadez|Agadez]]||78,651||<small>(Coord|18.7325|7.3680556|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Ayourou]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |11,528 | |- |[[Balléyara, Niger|Balléyara]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |16,063 | |- |[[Birnin Gaouré]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||14,430||<small>(Coord|13.0877778|2.9169444|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Birnin-Konni (birni)]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||63,169||<small>(Coord|13.8|5.25|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Bouza]] |[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]] |10,368 | |- |[[Dakoro]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||29,293||<small>(Coord|13.8166667|6.4166667|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Diffa]]||[[Yankin Diffa|Diffa]]||39,960||<small>(Coord|13.3155556|12.6088889|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Dogondoutchi]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||36,971||<small>(Coord|13.6461111|4.0288889|||format=dec)</small> |- |[[Dosso]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||58,671||<small>{{Coord|13.0444444|3.1947222|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Filingué]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||12,224||<small>{{Coord|14.35|3.3166667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Gaya]]||[[Yankin Dosso|Dosso]]||45,465||<small>{{Coord|11.8877778|3.4466667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Gazaoua]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |14,674 | |- |[[Gouré]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||18,289||<small>{{Coord|13.9869444|10.27|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Gidan-Rumji]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||17,525||<small>{{Coord|13.85|6.9666667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Illéla]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||22,491||<small>{{Coord|14.4616667|5.2475|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Kéita (gari)|Kéita]] |[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]] |10,361 | |- |[[Kollo]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||14,746||<small>{{Coord|13.3086111|2.3308333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Madaoua]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||27,972||<small>{{Coord|14.1|6.4333333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Madarounfa]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |12,220 | |- |[[Magaria]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||25,928||<small>{{Coord|14.5666667|8.7333333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Maïné-Soroa]]||[[Yankin Diffa|Diffa]]||13,136||<small>{{Coord|13.2177778|12.0266667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Maradi]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||267,249||<small>{{Coord|13.4916667|7.0963889|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Matameye]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||27,615||<small>{{Coord|13.4238889|8.4777778|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Mayahi]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |13,157 | |- |[[Mirriah]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||28,407||<small>{{Coord|13.7141667|9.1505556|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Nguigmi]]||[[Yankin Diffa|Diffa]]||23,670||<small>{{Coord|14.2527778|13.1108333|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Niamey]]||[[Niamey|Niamey Capital District]]||978,029||<small>{{Coord|13.5166667|2.1166667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Wallam (gari)|Wallam]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |10,594 | |- |[[Say (gari)|Say]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||13,546||<small>{{Coord|13.1080556|2.3597222|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tahoua]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||117,826||<small>{{Coord|14.8902778|5.2677778|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tânout]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||20,339||<small>{{Coord|14.9702778|8.8916667|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tchintabaraden]]||[[Yankin Tahoua|Tahoua]]||15,298|| |- |[[Téra]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||29,119||<small>{{Coord|14.0105556|0.7530556|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tessaoua]]||[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]]||43,409||<small>{{Coord|13.7533333|7.9863889|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Tibiri]] |[[Yankin Maradi|Maradi]] |25,513 | |- |[[Tillabéri (gari)|Tillabéri]]||[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]]||22,774||<small>{{Coord|14.206146|1.453457|||format=dec}}</small> |- |[[Torodi]] |[[Yankin Tillabéri|Tillabéri]] |11,813 | |- |[[Zinder]]||[[Yankin Zinder|Zinder]]||235,605||<small>{{Coord|13.8|8.9833333|||format=dec}}</small> |} Masana da masu ruwa a tsaki da gwamnatin mulkin soji ta Jamhuriyar Nijar ta tara domin tsara makomar ƙasar sun kammala taron ƙasa da suka kwashe kwana biyar suna gudanarwa.<ref>Bbc</ref> Taron ya fara ne daga ranar Asabar 15 ga watan Fabarairu, zuwa Alhamis 20 ga watan na Fabarairu.<ref>Bbc</ref> Shugaban mulkin soji na ƙasar Abdourahamane Tchiani ne ya kira taron domin seta hanyar da ƙasar za ta bi a shekaru masu zuwa.<ref>Bbc</ref> Tun farko, bayan juyin mulkin da sojojin suka yi wa Mohammed Bazoum, gwamnatin sojin ta Nijar ta nuna alamun cewa za ta iya mayar da mulki ga farar hula cikin shekara uku, sai dai sakamakon taron ƙasar ya nuna akasin haka.<ref>bbc</ref> Ga wasu daga cikin abubuwan da taron ya cimma: == Tabbatar da Tchina a matsayin shugaban ƙasa == Taron haɗin kan ƙasar na Jamhuriyar Nijar ya amince da sauya yadda ake kiran jagoran juyin mulkin ƙasar zuwa 'shugaban ƙasa'.<ref>Bbc</ref> Taron ya ce ya cimma matsayar ne bayan la'akari da "jagorancin" da Tchiani ya nuna wajen sake ƙwato wa Nijar "ƴancinta".<ref>Bbc</ref> == Gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta shekara biyar == Taron ƙasar ta Jamhuriyar Nijar ya amince da samar da gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta tsawon shekara biyar, wadda ita ce za ta tsara yadda za a mayar da ƙasar kan tafarkin dimokuraɗiyya<ref>bbc</ref> A lokacin gabatar da jawabi kan matsayar da taron ya cimma, ɗaya daga cikin jagororin taron, Bibata Niandou ta ce: "Miƙa mulki zai kasance a cikin wata 60, wato shekara biyar, daga ranar da aka amince da wannan tsari."<ref>Bbc</ref> Sai dai ta ƙara da bayanin cewa wa'adin da aka ɗiba na mayar da mulkin ga farar hula zai iya "sauyawa" bisa la'akari da "yanayin tsaro" a ƙasar.<ref>Bbc</ref> == Takara == Taron ya yarda cewa jagororin mulkin sojin ƙasar za su iya tsayawa takara a zaɓen da za a gudanar bayan shekara biyar na riƙon ƙwarya.<ref>Bbc</ref> Dama wannan na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka shirya samun matsaya a kan shi.<ref>bbc</ref> Hakan na nufin shugaban mulkin soji na ƙasar a yanzu na da damar tsayawa takara.<ref>bbc</ref> Wannan na daga cikin ɗabi'un shugabannin mulkin soji a nahiyar Afirka, inda sojojin da suka yi juyin mulki kan rikiɗe zuwa shugabannin farar hula ta hanyar zaɓe.<ref>bbc</ref> Na baya-bayan nan shi ne zaɓen da aka yi wa Mahamat Idris Deby a matsayin shugaban ƙasa bayan kasancewarsa shugaban ƙasar soji sanadiyyar mutuwar mahaifinsa.<ref>bbc</ref> == Ƙara wa Tchiani muƙami == Ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan shugaban taron, Abdoulaye Seydou ya kuma bayyana cewa taron ya amince da ƙara wa shugaban mulkin soji na ƙasar Abdourahamane Tchiani daga Birgediya-Janar zuwa Janar na soja.<ref>bbc</ref> * Me ake tsammani daga babban taron ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Nijar? * Ƙasashen da cin hanci da rashawa suka yi wa katutu a 2024 - Rahoto * Me zai faru bayan ficewar ƙasashen Nijar da Mali da Burkina Faso daga Ecowas? A yanzu dai za a gabatar wa majalisar mulkin sojin Jamhuriyar Nijar matsayra da taron ya cimma domin amincewa tare da ɗaukar matsaya ta ƙarshe.<ref>Bbc</ref> Taron ya ƙunshi mutane kimanin 700, waɗanda suka fito daga ɓangarori da dama na ƙasar, da suka haɗa da tsofaffin ministoci da masana da lauyoyi da sojoji da malamai da kuma ƴan ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.<ref>Bbc</ref> Jamhuriyar Nijar na daga cikin ƙasashe uku - Burkina Faso, Mali da Nijar - waɗanda suka tsame kansu daga ƙungiyar ƙasashen yammacin Afirka, tun bayan juyin mulkin soji da suka faru a ƙasashen.<ref>bbc</ref> Haka nan sun raba-gari da ƙasashen yammacin duniya, ciki har da uwar-gijiyarsu, Faransa, sannan suka karkata alaƙarsu zuwa Rasha.<ref>Bbc</ref> ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|Tutar kasar File:1997_275-15_young_Wodaabe_women.jpg|Matasa yan ƙabilar Wodaabe a kasar File:Gardien_de_dune.jpg|Akwai Sahara a kasar sosai File:Coat_of_arms_of_Niger.svg|Coat of Arms File:Niger,_Filingu%C3%A9_(9),_street_scene.jpg|Nijar File:Niger_carte.gif|Taswirar kasar File:Niger,_Boubon_(10),_scene_along_the_river_bank.jpg|Kogin bank, Nijar </gallery> {{Afirka}} ==MAnazarta== [[Category:Nijar|*]] <references /> [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] [[Category:Kasashen yammacin Afirika]] 1rc0tuql7n19umg7m3vzc9xhn8zmqfl 0 4244 839407 664655 2026-05-23T16:46:24Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bill Adams.jpg|thumb|#WPWPHA]] [[Fayil:Bill Adams.jpg|thumb|Bill Adams ]] '''Bill Adams,''' (An haife shi a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari Tara da ashirin da daya 1921 - ya mutu a shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da casaen da bakwai 1997) shi ne ɗan wasan [[ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta [[ƙasar Ingila]]. {{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Bill}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] fldff050mrr6fb5wwhyoq2w9t086fhv 0 4472 839398 713340 2026-05-23T16:35:31Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul Allen''' (An haife shi a shekara ta 1962) Tsohon dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ingila]]. kuma jami'in tuntuɓar wakilai na ƙungiyar ƙwararrun 'yan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>"Paul Allen". Barry Hugman's Footballers. Retrieved 14 April 2020.</ref><ref>Dunk, Peter, ed. (1987). Rothmans Football Yearbook 1987–88. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 372. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-356-14354-5</nowiki>.  </ref> A matsayinsa na Ɗan wasa, ya kasance ɗan wasan tsakiya wanda ya taka rawar gani sosai a West Ham United, Tottenham Hotspur da Southampton, tare da buga wa Spurs da Saints a gasar Premier. Ya kuma taka leda a gasar Kwallon kafa na Luton Town, Stoke City, Swindon Town, Bristol City da Millwall.<ref>"Paul Allen". UK A–Z Transfers. Neil Brown. Retrieved 21 October 2009.</ref> Ya ci wa Ingila wasanni uku a matakin kasa da 21.<ref>Courtney, Barrie (10 January 2004). "England – U-21 International Results 1976–1985 – Details". RSSSF. Retrieved 21 October 2009.</ref> == Sana'a == Yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 256, bayyanar Allen a West Ham United da Arsenal a gasar cin kofin FA a 1980 ya sa ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya fito a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin FA a filin wasa na Wembley, ko da yake James Prinsep ya taka leda tun yana karami a Kennington Oval. 1879. Duk bayanan biyu sun karye.<ref>Moore, Glenn (2 January 2009). "Curtis Weston: History man or just a footballing footnote?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009.</ref> Ya fara buga wa West Ham wasa a ranar 29 ga Satumbar 1979 a lokacin da kwanaki 32 bayan cikarsa shekaru 17 da haihuwa ya bayyana a kulob ɗin a wasansu da Burnley da ci 2-1 a gida a gasar ta biyu. Ya tattara lambar yabo ta biyu ga Hammers a cikin 1980 – 81 kuma ya taimaka sake kafa su a matsayin sashin Farko. Ya buga wasanni 152 a ƙungiyar Hammers, inda ya zira kwallaye shida, kafin kuɗin fam 400,000 ya kai shi ga abokan hamayyarsu na London a ranar 19 ga Yuni 1985.<ref>"Paul Allen". Sporting Heroes. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.</ref> Ya zira kwallo a wasansa na farko a cikin nasara da ci 4-0 a White Hart Lane da Watford. Allen ya ci gaba da taka leda a gasar cin kofin FA guda biyu a Tottenham Hotspur, a ɓangaren rashin nasara a 1987 tare da Ɗan uwansa Clive Allen. Koyaya, Allen ya yi nasara a gasar cin kofin FA ta 1991 inda ya doke Nottingham Forest da ci 2–1.<ref>Smith, Dave (10 December 2002). "PAUL ALLEN: Still remembered for the cup final goal he didn't score!". Professional Footballers' Association. Archived from the original on 20 May 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009.</ref>[7] A cikin shekaru takwas tare da Tottenham, ya buga wasanni 292 na gasar kuma ya ci kwallaye 23. An zabe shi Ɗan wasan shekarar 1992–93, cikakken kakarsa ta ƙarshe a White Hart Lane.<ref>"Football photographic encyclopedia, footballer, world cup, champions league, football championship, olympic games & hero images by sporting-heroes.net". sporting-heroes.net.</ref> Ya kasance a White Hart Lane har zuwa 16 Satumba 1993, lokacin da yarjejeniyar £ 550,000 ta kai shi Southampton. Ya buga wasannin Premier na FA sau 33 a 1993 – 94, ya ci sau daya, amma ya buga wasanni goma kacal ba tare da ya ci ba a 1994 – 95 kuma an ba shi aro na wasanni 17 ga Stoke City, inda ya ci sau daya a ci 4–2 a Southend United. a cikin Maris 1995. Daga nan ya rattaba hannu kan Swindon Town a kan canja wuri kyauta kuma ya taimaka musu su lashe taken Division Two (da haɓaka zuwa Division One) a cikin 1995-96. == Rayuwar shi ta bayan fage == Allen ya fito ne daga dangin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa, kawunsa tsohon dan wasan Reading Dennis Allen da dan wasan Tottenham Les Allen. 'Yan uwansa su ne Martin Allen, Clive Allen da Bradley Allen. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙarshen 1997–98, wanda ya kashe a Division One tare da Millwall, yanzu yana aiki da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa (PFA) a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƴan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sashen Sabis na Playeran wasan.<ref>"Meet the team (Scroll down to "Player Services" and follow link)". Professional Footballers Association. Retrieved 27 March 2023.  Paul Allen at the English National Football Archive (subscription required)</ref> == Lambobin Girmamawa == '''West Ham United''' * FA Cup: 1980 Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa ta Biyu: 1980–81 '''Tottenham Hotspur''' * Kofin FA: 1991; Shekara ta 1987 * Garkuwan Sadaka na FA: 1991 '''Garin Swindon''' * Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta biyu: 1995–96 '''Mutum''' * Gwarzon dan wasan West Ham United: 1985 * Gwarzon dan wasan Tottenham Hotspur: 1991 {{Stub}}{{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:Allen, Paul}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] istgfqp8vew5dypr5xnq1o0kug4m55o 0 7368 839330 839151 2026-05-23T12:38:07Z Usmanmaifada 20279 839330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Fes-Morocco 58.jpg|thumb|moroko]] [[File:Ouzoud waterfalls In spring-Morocco.jpg|thumb|tsaunuka masu zubar da ruwa a moroko]] '''Maroko''' ko '''Magrib''' [[Larabci]] المغرب , (Al-Magrib) (ma'ana mafadar rana ko yamma). A yaren [[Abzinawa]], kuma '''ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ''' [[Faransanci]] '''Moroc''', cikaken sunan ƙasar shine '''Masarautar Maroko.''' da yaren Abzinanci ko kuma ''Berber'' ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ da [[Larabci]] kuma المملكة المغربية‎ ''Al-mamlaka al-magrabiyya'' ƙasa ce dake bin tsarin mulkin salon sarauta dake [[Arewacin Afrika.]] Ƙasa ce ta asalin yan ƙabilar Abzinawa. Ƙasar Maroko ta kasance tana da dogayen tsaunuka da kuma [[Sahara]]. Ƙasar ta yi iyaka da [[Tekun Patigi|tekun]] mediterranean daga Arewaci, sai kuma tekun Atlantic daga yamma, sai kuma wajen ƙasar tayi iyaka da ƙasar Aljeriya daga Gabas. [[File:King Mohammed V of Morocco.png|thumb|Sarki Muhammad na moroko a ƙarnin baya]] Al'ummar ƙasar Maroko yakai kimanin miliyan talatin da bakwai (37 million) kuma tana da adadin fadin ƙasa kimanin da yakai kilomita (710,550) [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2?locations=MA] (sukwaya mil 172 410). Babban birnin tarayyar ƙasar shine [[Rabat]], kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar shine Kasablanka. Sauran birane masu girma sun haɗa da Marrakeah, Tangier, Sale, Fea da kuma Meknes.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco</ref><ref>https://www.lonelyplanet.com/morocco/background/history/a/nar/7e7657b4-cf1c-4ffd-8620-41f81fb9fe93/355491</ref> == Hotuna: == [[File:Tour Hassan-Rabat.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Hasumiyar Hassan a Rabat (Morocco)]] [[File:Fes-Morocco 67.jpg|thumb|wasu kofofin moroko a wani karni]] [[File:Moroccan green salad.jpg|thumb|Kayan abincin na ganye na moroko]] <gallery> File:Assilah_Waterfront2.jpg|Assilah File:Casablanca_-_Morocco_008.jpg|Birnin Casablanca File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg|Coat of Arms File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|Tutar kasar File:Caravan in the desert.jpg|Hamadan sahara cike da rakuma a cikin kasar Maroko File:Morocco Africa Flickr Rosino December 2005 84514010.jpg|Kyawun sahara ada tsakar rana File:Faro del cabo Espartel, Marruecos, 2015-12-11, DD 02.JPG|Gida a bakin teku a kasar Maroko File:Traditional Moroccan shoes called "babouches".JPG|Takalman gargajiya a kasar Maroko File:Spanish landing at Larache (Morocco) in 1860.jpg|Kasar Maroko a shekaran 1860 File:Tbourida Moroccan folklore fantasy.jpg|A'ada a kasar Maroko </gallery>Yaren '''Berber''' ko Abzinanci shine babban yare kuma mai asali a ƙasar kafin Larabci da ya shigo bayan mamayar da larabawa sukayi ma ƙasar. [[Musulunci]] ne babban addini na kasar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maroko}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] d695q3ghb8u5tw45arynp483k2n9kkj 839331 839330 2026-05-23T12:40:25Z Usmanmaifada 20279 839331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Fes-Morocco 58.jpg|thumb|moroko]] [[File:Ouzoud waterfalls In spring-Morocco.jpg|thumb|tsaunuka masu zubar da ruwa a moroko]] '''Maroko''' ko '''Magrib''' [[Larabci]] المغرب , (Al-Magrib) (ma'ana mafadar rana ko yamma). A yaren [[Abzinawa]], kuma '''ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ''' [[Faransanci]] '''Moroc''', cikaken sunan ƙasar shine '''Masarautar Maroko.''' da yaren Abzinanci ko kuma ''Berber'' ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ da [[Larabci]] kuma المملكة المغربية‎ ''Al-mamlaka al-magrabiyya'' ƙasa ce dake bin tsarin mulkin salon sarauta dake [[Arewacin Afrika.]] Ƙasa ce ta asalin yan ƙabilar Abzinawa. Ƙasar Maroko ta kasance tana da dogayen tsaunuka da kuma [[Sahara]]. Ƙasar ta yi iyaka da [[Tekun Patigi|tekun]] mediterranean daga Arewaci, sai kuma tekun Atlantic daga yamma, sai kuma wajen ƙasar tayi iyaka da ƙasar Aljeriya daga Gabas. [[File:King Mohammed V of Morocco.png|thumb|Sarki Muhammad na moroko a ƙarnin baya]] Al'ummar ƙasar Maroko yakai kimanin miliyan talatin da bakwai (37 million) kuma tana da adadin fadin ƙasa kimanin da yakai kilomita (710,550) [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2?locations=MA] (sukwaya mil 172 410). Babban birnin tarayyar ƙasar shine [[Rabat]], kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar shine [[Kasablanka]]. Sauran birane masu girma sun haɗa da Marrakeah, Tangier, Sale, Fea da kuma Meknes.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco</ref><ref>https://www.lonelyplanet.com/morocco/background/history/a/nar/7e7657b4-cf1c-4ffd-8620-41f81fb9fe93/355491</ref> == Hotuna: == [[File:Tour Hassan-Rabat.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Hasumiyar Hassan a Rabat (Morocco)]] [[File:Fes-Morocco 67.jpg|thumb|wasu kofofin moroko a wani karni]] [[File:Moroccan green salad.jpg|thumb|Kayan abincin na ganye na moroko]] <gallery> File:Assilah_Waterfront2.jpg|Assilah File:Casablanca_-_Morocco_008.jpg|Birnin Casablanca File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg|Coat of Arms File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|Tutar kasar File:Caravan in the desert.jpg|Hamadan sahara cike da rakuma a cikin kasar Maroko File:Morocco Africa Flickr Rosino December 2005 84514010.jpg|Kyawun sahara ada tsakar rana File:Faro del cabo Espartel, Marruecos, 2015-12-11, DD 02.JPG|Gida a bakin teku a kasar Maroko File:Traditional Moroccan shoes called "babouches".JPG|Takalman gargajiya a kasar Maroko File:Spanish landing at Larache (Morocco) in 1860.jpg|Kasar Maroko a shekaran 1860 File:Tbourida Moroccan folklore fantasy.jpg|A'ada a kasar Maroko </gallery>Yaren '''Berber''' ko Abzinanci shine babban yare kuma mai asali a ƙasar kafin Larabci da ya shigo bayan mamayar da larabawa sukayi ma ƙasar. [[Musulunci]] ne babban addini na kasar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maroko}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] 5jl1l7p8mdnt073s9v4p49zih36pxgo 839594 839331 2026-05-24T07:30:41Z Usmanmaifada 20279 839594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Fes-Morocco 58.jpg|thumb|moroko]] [[File:Ouzoud waterfalls In spring-Morocco.jpg|thumb|tsaunuka masu zubar da ruwa a moroko]] '''Maroko''' ko '''Magrib''' [[Larabci]] المغرب , (Al-Magrib) (ma'ana mafadar rana ko yamma). A yaren [[Abzinawa]], kuma '''ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ''' [[Faransanci]] '''Moroc''', cikaken sunan ƙasar shine '''Masarautar Maroko.''' da yaren Abzinanci ko kuma ''Berber'' ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ da [[Larabci]] kuma المملكة المغربية‎ ''Al-mamlaka al-magrabiyya'' ƙasa ce dake bin tsarin mulkin salon sarauta dake [[Arewacin Afrika.]] Ƙasa ce ta asalin yan ƙabilar Abzinawa. Ƙasar Maroko ta kasance tana da dogayen tsaunuka da kuma [[Sahara]]. Ƙasar ta yi iyaka da [[Tekun Patigi|tekun]] mediterranean daga Arewaci, sai kuma tekun Atlantic daga yamma, sai kuma wajen ƙasar tayi iyaka da ƙasar Aljeriya daga Gabas. [[File:King Mohammed V of Morocco.png|thumb|Sarki Muhammad na moroko a ƙarnin baya]] Al'ummar ƙasar Maroko sun kai kimanin miliyan talatin da bakwai (37 million) kuma tana da adadin fadin ƙasa kimanin da yakai kilomita (710,550) [https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.TOTL.K2?locations=MA] (sukwaya mil 172 410). Babban birnin tarayyar ƙasar shine [[Rabat]], kuma birni mafi girma a ƙasar shine [[Kasablanka]]. Sauran birane masu girma sun haɗa da Marrakeah, Tangier, Sale, Fea da kuma Meknes.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Morocco</ref><ref>https://www.lonelyplanet.com/morocco/background/history/a/nar/7e7657b4-cf1c-4ffd-8620-41f81fb9fe93/355491</ref> == Hotuna: == [[File:Tour Hassan-Rabat.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Hasumiyar Hassan a Rabat (Morocco)]] [[File:Fes-Morocco 67.jpg|thumb|wasu kofofin moroko a wani karni]] [[File:Moroccan green salad.jpg|thumb|Kayan abincin na ganye na moroko]] <gallery> File:Assilah_Waterfront2.jpg|Assilah File:Casablanca_-_Morocco_008.jpg|Birnin Casablanca File:Coat_of_arms_of_Morocco.svg|Coat of Arms File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|Tutar kasar File:Caravan in the desert.jpg|Hamadan sahara cike da rakuma a cikin kasar Maroko File:Morocco Africa Flickr Rosino December 2005 84514010.jpg|Kyawun sahara ada tsakar rana File:Faro del cabo Espartel, Marruecos, 2015-12-11, DD 02.JPG|Gida a bakin teku a kasar Maroko File:Traditional Moroccan shoes called "babouches".JPG|Takalman gargajiya a kasar Maroko File:Spanish landing at Larache (Morocco) in 1860.jpg|Kasar Maroko a shekaran 1860 File:Tbourida Moroccan folklore fantasy.jpg|A'ada a kasar Maroko </gallery>Yaren '''Berber''' ko Abzinanci shine babban yare kuma mai asali a ƙasar kafin Larabci da ya shigo bayan mamayar da larabawa sukayi ma ƙasar. [[Musulunci]] ne babban addini na kasar. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Afirka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Maroko}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]] 7xa6ccse87vm973eg3wtx0mizz97boe 0 9055 839391 735166 2026-05-23T16:21:01Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Yanayi gari */ gya 839391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Malumfashi Katsina.ogg|thumb|Sautin malumfashi]] '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) ƙaramar hukuma ce acikin [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]]. Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Wadda ta Kunshi gundumomi guda 12 wadanda suka hada da Malumfashi A, Malumfashi B, Dayi, Dansarai, Makaurachi,Gangara, Gora, Yammama, Yaba, Marabar Kankara, Marmara,Ruwan Sanyi dakuma Karfi. Garin Malumfashi garine wanda akasarin mazaunansa Hausawane da Fulani manyan sana'oin mazauna garin sunhadada Noma, Kiwo dakuma Kasuwanci. Manoman garin sunshara wajen noman Masara, Dawa da Auduga. Sama da kaso 95% nmazauna karamar hukumar Musulmine mabiya Sunna.<ref>Shamsuddeen Bello an indigen of Malumfashi LGA. 23/06/2025</ref> Karamar Hukumar Malumfashi tayi iyaka da Karamar hukumar Gwarzo ta jihar Kano daga Gabas maso kudu, Daga Gabas tayi iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Musawa daga Arewa kuma tayi iyaka da Karamar Hukumar Kankara, daga Kudu tayi iyaka da Karamar hukumar Kafur, daga Yamma tayi iyaka da karamar hukumar Bakori. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da fadin kasa kimanin 674&nbsp;km² da yawan mutum 182,920 a bisa ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Abdullahi City sannan kuma Mai shari'a Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta shine Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. == Yanayi gari== Lokacin zafi yana kaiwa kimanin wata 1.9 a malumfashi, wanda yanayin zafin yana kaiwa 95°F sannan yanayin sanyi yana kaiwa kimanin watanni 2.7 wanda kimanin yana kaiwa 86°F a gaba daya shekara yanayi yana caccanzawa. Lambar ofishin tura sakonni na yankin ita ce 822.<ref>"Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.</ref> Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malumfashi/Kafur shine Aminu Ibrahim Kafur 2023 to date. Wakilin amajalissar jiha shine Aminu Ibrahim Saidu 2019 to date.<ref>"Deputy Minority Whip retains Katsina South senatorial seat". 30 March 2015.</ref> Malumfashi tana da kyakkyawar mu'amala tsakanin al'ummar kiristoci dakuma Musulmai Hausawa. Suna zaune lafiya da makwabtansu Hausawa da danginsu. == Fitattun mutane == * Late. Justice Mamman Nasir former president Court of Appeal, Kuma Galadiman Katsina daga 1992 zuwa 2019. * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * Senator Bello Mandiya former senator representing Katsina South from 2019 to 2023. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Tsohon Vice Chancellor na [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi. == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 5dyd35sl9294h8dtps6t9ffz9uhxze3 0 9709 839392 44734 2026-05-23T16:22:44Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ gya 839392 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Ahlus-Sunnah]] otc7ouqbjkopb0sy7bfx9qge18uy2if 0 10250 839626 738171 2026-05-24T10:10:58Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ m 839626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Lionel Messi in 2018.jpg|thumb|Messi]] [[File:Lionel Messi 31mar2007.jpg|thumb|Messi]] [[File:Messi vs Nigeria 2018.jpg|thumb|Messi a kasa]] [[Fayil:FWC 2018 - Group D - ARG v ISL - Messi penalty kick.jpg|thumb|hoton messi]] [[Fayil:Argentina team in St. Petersburg (cropped) Messi.jpg|thumb|hoton messi]] [[Fayil:Lionel Messi 20180626.jpg|thumb|#WPWPHA]] [[Fayil:Mbappe Messi Neymar.jpg|thumb|Lionel Andrés Messi]] '''Lionel Andrés Messi''' {{Refn|According to FCBarcelona.com, and his authorised biography, ''Messi'' by [[Guillem Balagué]],his surname is the single "Messi",in accordance with Argentine customs.<ref name="BarcaProfile">{{cite web |title=Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi |publisher=FC Barcelona |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/messi |access-date=8 September 2015}}</ref>{{sfn|Balagué|2013|pp=32–37}} Other sources, including a 2014 document by [[FIFA]],give his surname as the double "Messi Cuccittini".<ref>{{cite web |title=2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: List of Players |publisher=FIFA |date=10 June, 2014 |page=2 |url=http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/36/33/44/fwc_2014_squadlists_neutral.pdf |access-date=8 September 2015 |archive-date=25 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625085714/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/02/36/33/44/fwc_2014_squadlists_neutral.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> After winning a libel case in 2017, Messi's own management company stated: "The football player Lionel Andres Messi Cuccittini has donated a total of €72,783.20 to the organisation [[Doctors Without Borders]]."<ref>{{cite news |last=Marsden |first=Sam |url=http://www.espn.in/football/barcelona/story/3255615/lionel-messi-donates-70k-to-charity-after-winning-libel-case-against-newspaper |title=Messi donates to charity after libel case win |publisher=ESPN |date=2 November 2017|access-date=3 November 2017}}</ref>|group=note}}<ref>"Profile: Lionel Andrés Messi". FC Barcelona. Retrieved 8 September 2015.</ref> ( furuci da harshen Spaniya: [abubuwan da ke faruwa] (An haife shine a ranar ashirin da hudu 24 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta alif dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai miladiyya 1987), wanda kuma aka sani da '''Leo Messi''', kwararren dan wasan kwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|dafa]] ne na kasar Argentina wanda ke taka leda a gaba Kungiyar Ligue daya (1), ta [[Inter Miami]] kuma shike jagorantar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Argentina.<ref>Hawkey, Ian (20 April 2008). "Lionel Messi on a Mission". The Times. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved ly 2015</ref> Sau da yawa ana daukarsa matsayin dan wasa kwallon kafar dayafi yafiyafi kowa fice a duniya kuma ana daukarsa matsayin dan wasa na kowane lokaci, Messi ya ci lambar yabo ta Ballon d'Or guda bakwai, {{Refn|In addition to four FIFA Ballons d'Or, Messi received ''[[France Football]]''{{'}}s [[Ballon d'Or]] and [[FIFA]]'s [[FIFA World Player of the Year|World Player of the Year award]] in 2009 prior to their incorporation; both organisations credited him with five (FIFA) Ballons d'Or.<ref>{{cite web |first=Rémy |last=Lacombe |title=Messi,le Cinquième Élément |magazine=France Football |date=11 January 2016 |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/news/messi-le-cinquieme-element/623615 |access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Messi, Lloyd, Luis Enrique and Ellis Triumph at FIFA Ballon d'Or 2015 |publisher=FIFA |date=11 January 2016 |url=https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2016/m=1/news=messi-lloyd-luis-enrique-and-ellis-triumph-at-fifa-ballon-d-or-2015-2754944.html |access-date=26 May 2016 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915085710/https://www.fifa.com/news/y=2016/m=1/news=messi-lloyd-luis-enrique-and-ellis-triumph-at-fifa-ballon-d-or-2015-2754944.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2019, he received a sixth [[2019 Ballon d'Or|Ballon d'Or]] and won the [[The Best FIFA Men's Player|Best FIFA Men's Player]].|group=note}} ya ajiye tarihin takalmin zinari na Turai guda shida, kuma a cikin shekara ta (2020), an mayar dashi cikin masu Ballon d'Or.<ref>Balagué 2013, pp. 32–37</ref><ref>Mackie, Ed (14 December 2022). "What height is Lionel Messi? Explaining his growth deficiency as a child". New York Times</ref> [[File:Lionel Messi 2010.jpg|thumb|Messi]] Ya shafe tsawon rayuwarsa na kwallon kafa tare da [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]], inda ya zolashe kofuna (35), da suka hada da kufinan La-Liga, da Copa-del-Rey bakwai da gasar zakarun Turai hudu.Gwarzon gola da kuma ɗan wasan kwallon kafa, Messi yana riƙe da mafi yawan kwallo a La-Liga (474),La-Liga da kakar gasar Turai (50),mafi yawan hat-trick a La-Liga(36) da UEFA Champions League (8), kuma mafi yawan taimakawa a La Liga shekara ta(192), kakar La Liga (21) da Copa América(17). Har ila yau, yana rike rikodin don mafi yawan burin duniya ta wani dan Kudancin Amurka(79).Messi ya zira kwallaye sama da 750 a kungiyarkasa kuma yana da mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasa ya samu a kungiyar kwallon kafa guda daya. Messi ya koma Spain daga Argentina yana da shekaru 13 don ya koma Barcelona, wanda ya fara buga wasansa na farko yana da shekara 17 a watan Oktoba 2004. Ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban dan wasa a kungiyar a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, kuma a kakarsa ta farko da ba ta katse ba a 2008– 09 ya taimaka wa Barcelona ta sami nasarar cin kofi na farko a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Sipaniya<ref>Messi: Brazil striker Ronaldo my hero". FourFourTwo. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2018.</ref>; A wannan shekarar, yana da shekaru 22, Messi ya lashe kyautar Ballon d'Or na farko. Shekaru uku masu nasara suka biyo baya, inda Messi ya lashe kyautar Ballon d'Or sau hudu a jere, wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya lashe kyautar sau hudu. A kakar 2011-2012, ya kafa tarihin La Liga da na Turai don yawan zura kwallaye a kakar wasa guda, yayin da ya kafa kansa a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a Barcelona. Shekaru biyun da suka biyo baya, Messi ya zo na biyu a Ballon d'Or bayan Cristiano Ronaldo (wanda ake tunanin abokin hamayyarsa), kafin ya sake samun kyakkyawan matsayinsa a lokacin kamfen na 2014-15, ya zama dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar La Liga kuma ya jagoranci Barcelona zuwa gasar. Kwallon d'an tarihi na biyu na tarihi, bayan da aka ba shi Ballon d'Or na biyar a cikin 2015. Messi ya zama kyaftin na Barcelona a 2018, kuma ya lashe Ballon d'Or na shida a 2019. Bayan kwantiragin, ya sanya hannu a kulob din Paris Saint-Germain na Faransa. -Germain a watan Agustan 2021, ya shafe kakar wasanni biyu a kungiyar kuma ya lashe gasar Ligue 1 sau biyu. Messi ya koma kulob din Inter Miami na Amurka a watan Yulin 2023, inda ya lashe kofin gasar League a watan Agusta na shekarar. Dan wasan kasar Argentina, Messi shi ne dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a tarihin kasar, kuma yana rike da tarihin buga wasanni na kasa. A matakin matasa, ya lashe Gasar Matasa ta Duniya ta 2005, inda ya kammala gasar da Kwallon Zinare da Takalma na Zinariya, da lambar zinare ta Olympics a Gasar Wasannin bazara ta 2008. Salon wasansa na dribbler watau mai riqe kwallo da yanka mai dan kafar hagu, ya zana kwatance da dan kasarsa Diego Maradona, wanda ya bayyana Messi a matsayin magajinsa. Bayan babban wasansa na farko a watan Agusta 2005, Messi ya zama dan Argentina mafi ƙanƙanta da ya taka leda kuma ya zira kwallaye a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA (2006), kuma ya kai wasan karshe na 2007 Copa América, inda aka nada shi matashin dan wasan gasa. A matsayinsa na kyaftin din tawagar daga watan Agustan 2011, ya jagoranci Argentina zuwa wasan karshe a jere guda uku: Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA, wanda ya ci kyautar zinare, da Copa América, da lashe ƙwallan zinare, da kuma Copa América 2016. Bayan ya sanar da yin ritayar sa na kasa-da-kasa a shekarar 2016, ya sauya shawararsa kuma ya jagoranci kasarsa zuwa matakin cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018, a matsayi na uku a gasar Copa América ta 2019, da nasara a gasar Copa América ta 2021, yayin da ya lashe kwallon zinare da kuma Katin Zinare na karshen. A wannan shekarar, Messi ya sami kyautar Ballon d'Or na bakwai. A cikin 2022, ya jagoranci Argentina ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta [[FIFA]] 2022, inda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon zinare na biyu, ya zura kwallaye bakwai ciki har da biyu a wasan karshe, kuma ya karya tarihin mafi yawan wasannin da aka buga a gasar cin kofin duniya, daga baya ya sami tarihinsa- tsawaita Ballon d'Or na takwas a cikin 2023. Messi ya amince da kamfanin Adidas na kayan wasanni tun daga shekarar 2006. A cewar France Football, shi ne dan wasan kwallon kafa mafi tsada a duniya tsawon shekaru biyar a cikin shida tsakanin 2009 da 2014, kuma ya kasance dan wasa mafi karbar albashi a duniya ta Forbes a 2019 da 2022. Messi ya kasance cikin mutane 100 masu tasiri a duniya a shekarar 2011, 2012, da 2023. A 2020 da 2023, an ba shi kyautar gwarzon dan wasan duniya na Laureus, inda Messi ya kasance dan wasa na farko da ya lashe kyautar. A cikin 2020, Messi ya kasance cikin kungiyar Mafarki ta Ballon d'Or kuma ya zama dan wasan kwallon kafa na biyu kuma ɗan wasa na biyu na kungiyar da ya haura dala biliyan 1 a cikin ayyukan sana'a. == Farkon Rayuwa == An haifi Messi a ranar 24 ga Yuni alif dari Tara da tamanin da bakwai miladiyya 1987 a Rosario, Santa Fe, na uku cikin 'ya'ya hudu na Jorge Messi, manajan masana'antar karafa, da matarsa Celia Cuccittini, wacce ta yi aiki a wani taron masana'antar maganadisu. A bangaren mahaifinsa, shi dan asalin Italiya ne da Sipaniya, jikan bakin haure daga yankin arewa ta tsakiya Adriatic Marche  na Italiya,<ref>Messi | Ficha del jugador 20/21 | Delantero". FC Barcelona (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 11 August 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021</ref> kuma a bangaren mahaifiyarsa, yana da asalin Italiyanci. Ya girma cikin saka, dangi mai son kwallon kafa, "Leo" ya haɓaka sha'awar wasanni tun yana karami, yana wasa akai-akai tare da yayyensa, Rodrigo da Matías,da 'yan uwansa, Maximiliano da Emanuel Biancucchi, dukansu. ya zama kwararrun dan kwallon ƙafa. Yana da shekaru hudu ya koma kulob na Grandoli na gida, inda mahaifinsa ya horar da shi, duk da cewa tasirinsa na farko a matsayin dan wasa ya fito ne daga kakarsa ta mahaifiyarsa, Celia, wadda ta raka shi zuwa horo da wasanni. Rasuwarta ta yi masa tasiri matuka, jim kadan kafin cikarsa sha daya; tun daga lokacin, a matsayinsa na dan Katolika na Roman Katolika, ya yi bikin burinsa ta hanyar dubawa sama da nuna sama don yabo ga kakarsa lokutta dayaw ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Lionel Messi 2018.jpg|Leo File:Lionel Messi at Bernabeu.jpg|alt= File:Lionel Messi 2010.jpg|messi a 2010 File:Mbappe Messi Neymar.jpg|Leo tare da mbappe da kuma neymar File:Lionel Messi WC2022.jpg|Leo Messi a World Cup na 2022 File:Suisse vs Argentine - Granit Xhaka & Lionel Messi.jpg|Suisse vs Argentine File:Lionel Messi - 4796667631.jpg|Lionel Messi File:Lionel Messi goal 19abr2007.jpg|Lionel Messi famous ancara goal File:Lionel Messi vs Valladolid 3.jpg|Lionel Messi vs Valladolid File:Lionel Messi penalty at the Boleyn Ground.jpg|Lionel Messi penalty at the Boleyn Ground </gallery> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} nefhxu4g5l47r27mnleeikk2qx24nf0 0 10566 839628 676123 2026-05-24T10:12:15Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:UA Flight 175 hits WTC south tower 9-11 edit.jpeg|thumb|[[United Airlines Flight 175]] ya doka jikin South Tower na World Trade Center lokacin [[September 11 attacks]] na shekarar 2001 a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]].]] [[File:12-inch gun M1895-railway-gun (4).jpg|thumb|hoton bindiga yayin yaki]] [[Fayil:Jerusalem tractor run over terror attack 02-07-08.jpg|thumb]] '''Ta'addanci''' (da [[turanci]] ''Terrorism'') shine, yin amfani da [[tada hankali]] ko kawo [[rikici]] ba tare da yin tunani ba, ko nuna ban-banci akan wanda zai shafa ba, da gangar domin sanya tsoro da tashin hankali a cikin ƙirazan mutane; da tsoratar dasu ko wani sa'in halakar dasu dan cimma burin [[siyasa]] ko [[addini]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fortna |first1=Virginia Page |title=Do Terrorists Win? Rebels' Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes |journal=International Organization |date=20 May 2015 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=519–556 |doi=10.1017/S0020818315000089}}</ref> Ana amfani da wannan ma'anar dan nuna kawo tashin hankali [[aminci|lokacin zaman lafiya]] ko yin yaƙi da [[non-combatant]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QbALBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA175 |title=Torture, Terrorism, and the Use of Violence (also available as Review Journal of Political Philosophy Volume 6, Issue Number 1)|editor-last=Wisnewski|editor-first=J. Jeremy |date=2008 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-0291-8 |page=175}}</ref> Kalmar "mai ta'adi" da "ta'addanci" ya samo asali ne lokacin [[Juyin sauyi ta Faransa|French Revolution]] da ya faru a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18th<ref name="Oxford">{{cite book |last1=Stevenson |first1=ed. by Angus |title=Oxford dictionary of English |date=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-957112-3 |edition=3rd}}</ref> amma kalmar tayi tashe a bakunan jama'a ne a shekarar 1970 a cikin rahotannin masu yaɗa labarai da littafan dake bayyana faɗace-faɗacen ƙasar [[Arewacin Ireland]], da [[ƙasar Basque]] da [[Palestine (yanki)|Palestine]]. Da ƙaruwar samun yin [[kisan kai|laifukan kisan kai]] daga 1980 zuwa abinda yayi sama, haka [[Harin Satumba 11|harin ranar Satumba ta 11]] a [[birnin New York]] da [[Washington, D.C.]] a 2001, ya nuna tabbacin lallai akwai ta'addanci. Babu cikakken [[ma'anar ta'addanci|ma'anar "ta'addanci"]] da kowa ya yarda dashi.<ref name=USCode>{{cite book |first=Edward P. |last=Halibozek |first2=Andy |last2=Jones |first3=Gerald L. |last3=Kovacich |year=2008 |title=The corporate security professional's handbook on terrorism |edition=illustrated |publisher=Elsevier (Butterworth-Heinemann)|isbn=978-0-7506-8257-2 |pages=4–5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qpwcHUNXw-kC&pg=PA4}}</ref><ref name=Walzer>{{cite news |author=Robert Mackey |title=Can Soldiers Be Victims of Terrorism? |quote=Terrorism is the deliberate killing of innocent people, at random, in order to spread fear through a whole population and force the hand of its political leaders. |work=The New York Times |date=20 November 2009 |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/define-terrorism/}}</ref> Amma Ta'addanci kuma akan yi amfani da sunan dan danganta wani abu mara kyau ko "ba hali maikyau" bace. Gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi kanyi amfani da kalmar dan zagi ko sukan masu hamayya dasu saboda kashe masu karsashi a fuskokin mabiya.<ref name=Sinclair>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2oCOWmQfysC&pg=PT30 |title=The Psychology of Terrorism Fears |last=Sinclair |first=Samuel Justin |last2=Antonius |first2=Daniel |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press, US |isbn=978-0-19-538811-4 |page=14}}</ref><ref name=JR.White>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XINTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |title=Terrorism and Homeland Security |last=White |first=Jonathan R. |date=1 January 2016 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-305-63377-3 |page=3}}</ref><ref name=Ruthven>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wT1xGHPyMA8C&pg=PA184 |title=Historical Atlas of Islam |last=Ruthven |first=Malise |last2=Nanji |first2=Azim |date=24 April 2017 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-01385-8}}</ref><ref name=Walzer /> cibiyoyi maban-banta na mutane, an tuhume su akan amfani da ta'addanci domin cimma ƙudurorin siyasarsu. Waɗannan cibiyoyi kamar [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] da [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] na siyasa, [[sukar ƴan ƙasanci|ƙungiyoyin ƴan ƙasanci]], [[Mamayewar addini]], [[masu neman sauyi]] da gwamnatoci masu mulki.<ref name="britannica">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/588371/terrorism |title=Terrorism|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |page=3}}</ref> dokakin dake tabbatar da ta'addanci amatsayin laifi an samar dasu a yawan cin kasashe.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news |url=http://mackenzieinstitute.com/illusion-war-terrorism-criminal-act-act-war/ |title=The Illusion of War: Is Terrorism a Criminal Act or an Act of War? |work=Mackenzie Institute |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2017-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514213948/http://mackenzieinstitute.com/illusion-war-terrorism-criminal-act-act-war/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babu matsaya akan ko ta'addanci [[laifin yaƙi]] ne ko a'a.<ref name=":02"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/daphne-eviatar/is-terrorism-a-war-crime_b_3436117.html |title=Is 'Terrorism' a War Crime Triable by Military Commission? Who Knows? |last=Eviatar |first=Daphne |date=13 June 2013 |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> [[Global Terrorism Database]], da [[Jami'ar Maryland, College Park]] ke kula dashi, ta tara fiye da 61,000 na ayyukan ta'addanci da kungiyoyi suka aiwatar, da yayi sakamakon rasuwar mutane 140,000 daga tsakanin shekarar 2000, zuwa 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Terrorism Index 2015 |url=http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf |publisher=Institute for Economics and Peace |page=33 |access-date=2019-03-16 |archive-date=2019-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207153725/http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ta'addanci}} [[Category:Yaƙi]] [[Category:tashin hankali]] [[Category:Rikici]] hc2j8ndx0fm879bebpz3jsmqonhzrhm 0 13197 839596 584605 2026-05-24T07:33:28Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Gyara rubutu 839596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abzinawa:''' ([[Turanci]] Berber) ƙabila ce da suke a yankin Kudancin [[Afrika]], musamman ma a kasashen [[Morocco]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Tunusiya]] da [[Nijar]], hakanan ana samun su ma a [[Faransa|Faransa.]] Da koma Nijeriya, abzinawa Bororo ne kuma masu arzikin filaye ne. Akasari Abzinawa sun kasance Musulmai ne. ==Hotuna:== <gallery> File:Tuareg_woman_from_Mali_January_2007.jpg|Ba-abziniya File:Berbers.png|Taswirar inda abzinawa suke. File:Nomadic Berber in Morocco.jpg|alt=|Mutumin Abzinawa (Maroko) File:Touareg1.jpg|Abzinawa </gallery> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== nnokwg0335rpimuyj43u24dh77am0jj 839601 839596 2026-05-24T07:41:18Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Gyara rubutu da link 839601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abzinawa:''' ([[Turanci]] Berber) ƙabila ce da suke a yankin Kudancin [[Afrika]], musamman ma a kasashen [[Morocco]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Tunusiya]] da [[Nijar]], hakanan ana samun su ma a [[Faransa|Faransa,]] da kuma [[Nijeriya]], abzinawa Bororo ne kuma masu arzikin filaye ne. Akasari Abzinawa sun kasance Musulmai ne. ==Hotuna:== <gallery> File:Tuareg_woman_from_Mali_January_2007.jpg|Ba-abziniya File:Berbers.png|Taswirar inda abzinawa suke. File:Nomadic Berber in Morocco.jpg|alt=|Mutumin Abzinawa (Maroko) File:Touareg1.jpg|Abzinawa </gallery> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 8nu61np13xrn1khgm9xd9oghupzq5xw 839602 839601 2026-05-24T07:42:33Z Usmanmaifada 20279 Gyara rubutu 839602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abzinawa:''' ([[Turanci]] Berber) ƙabila ce da suke a yankin Kudancin [[Afrika]], musamman ma a kasashen [[Morocco]], [[Aljeriya]], [[Tunusiya]] da [[Nijar]], hakanan ana samun su ma a [[Faransa|Faransa,]] da kuma [[Nijeriya]], abzinawa [[Bororo]] ne kuma masu arzikin filaye ne. Akasari Abzinawa sun kasance [[Musulmai]] ne. ==Hotuna:== <gallery> File:Tuareg_woman_from_Mali_January_2007.jpg|Ba-abziniya File:Berbers.png|Taswirar inda abzinawa suke. File:Nomadic Berber in Morocco.jpg|alt=|Mutumin Abzinawa (Maroko) File:Touareg1.jpg|Abzinawa </gallery> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 3jt7jp48tj5ofhonvt4psk4u40v8k7y 0 13781 839417 634291 2026-05-23T17:13:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{hujja}} '''Chineze Uzoamaka Nwagbo''' (an haife ta ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, 1982) a [[Iowa]] kasar [[Tarayyar Amurka|American]]. kwararriyar ƴar wasan kwallon Kwando ce, wacce ke wasan kwallon kwandon a matsayin mai buga winger, kuma da samo wa kasarta [[Nijeriya]] nasara a gasar da dama sanda take wakiltar kasar.<ref>"Chineze Nwagbo - Women's Basketball". ''cuse.com''. Syracuse University Athletics. Retrieved 2021-11-17.</ref> A shekarun 2012-2014 yar' wasa ta Kwallon kwando ta Mata -a KSSSE AZS PWSZ Gorzów Wielkopolski. da mai wasa Artego Bydgoszcz har zuwa a kakar wasa na 2014/2015.<ref>"Chineze Nwagbo '05 | Washington DC". ''dc.syr.edu''. Syracuse University. Retrieved 2021-11-17.</ref> Hakanan yar' wasan tana da fasfo na [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] baccin zamarta yar Amurka == Bajinta == <small>An sanya ta a kan , sai dai in an baiyace in ba haka ba.</small> ; NCAA * Mai halartar gasar ta NCAA (2002) * Kunshe cikin: ** Babban Daraktan Darakta na Md. ** Babban Star All-Star (2004) ; Kungiya * Mahalarta gasar: ** Eurocup (2010/2011) ** Kungiyoyin Kudancin Amurka (2014/2015) ; daban * Ta shiga ciikin ma halartar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na PKK ( 2014, 2015 ) * Shugaban kungiyar PLKK a: ** maki (2014) ** sake (2014) ** tasiri na game Kicks (2014) ; Wakiltar Najeriya * Ta shiga cikin mahalartar gasar zakarun duniya ( 2006 - 16th 16) == Bibliography == * [http://www.plkhistory.ugu.pl/plkk/index.php?profil=4796&tab=1 Bayanan martaba akan plkhistory.ugu.pl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221144504/http://www.plkhistory.ugu.pl/plkk/index.php?profil=4796&tab=1 |date=2025-02-21 }} * [https://basketligakobiet.pl/zawodniczki/p/33627/chineze-nwagbo.html Bayanan martaba akan basketligakobiet.pl] == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://basketball.latinbasket.com/player/Chineze_Nwagbo/Los_Leones_Quilpe/110302 Bayanan martaba akan latinbasket.com] (. ) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] rk3ig6yec6cs4gwu6nw5g9kpa38desl 0 14041 839429 492425 2026-05-23T18:23:40Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga kasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasan wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar kaddamarwa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu kalubalen kamar karyayyun mukamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] l5r5dx1zegzujcxk08wgaekx7a8eibb 839431 839429 2026-05-23T18:24:48Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasan wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar kaddamarwa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu kalubalen kamar karyayyun mukamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] ph8y4oe5nu2pfru1r9z5aeoqltref7i 839432 839431 2026-05-23T18:25:25Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar kaddamarwa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu kalubalen kamar karyayyun mukamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] chfln0hj5hgbfixwie4hmtemd9serqh 839433 839432 2026-05-23T18:34:10Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu kalubalen kamar karyayyun mukamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 1en3tdq58j74sjkkdj6jovbw6ecxu68 839434 839433 2026-05-23T18:35:00Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun mukamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 2dg0vlgrxh0xr6fkcb1pz2d9wxo20fu 839435 839434 2026-05-23T18:35:23Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar ƙaryayyun mukamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] db1lrulfmtvqj5ho5jxo7be6nktxb26 839436 839435 2026-05-23T18:36:01Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da hakarkari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 6e0c6313gfoqjlmds9ahik59hlcuixy 839437 839436 2026-05-23T18:36:41Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin karni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] czmh5tgsfl68hx6dndf1dtjt597x38m 839438 839437 2026-05-23T18:37:38Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na karshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] sk8xe0o5v8zdyqn9dwpzj9ksmhoxosa 839439 839438 2026-05-23T18:37:52Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin wadannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] q3leg8luu89hhby5zxtsvocctdy01l4 839440 839439 2026-05-23T18:38:29Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa kauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 6ck25zdkjvqhz7vds5kn1992qe34vse 839441 839440 2026-05-23T18:38:55Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da hada kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 2yvo63oll68zwdb13efgxrd4166w6l6 839442 839441 2026-05-23T18:39:13Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa kalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] e2v1jx7ydduumbjgaxutyq1nj09i724 839443 839442 2026-05-23T18:39:32Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaki, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] qaoq7u0n991v6tm3l2ldts3vx9xhtfk 839444 839443 2026-05-23T18:40:07Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaki. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] ho53zjln3v76ekpk553bxp3fezbkuld 839445 839444 2026-05-23T18:40:39Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen fada daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] qtxu6aq18o9awpuqysa2ujjnjtio0v5 839450 839445 2026-05-23T18:48:31Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishadin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] q1nya9lrbj8tehmk1b3z29w0o22f63b 839451 839450 2026-05-23T18:49:14Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi azaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 6nyglvv736vehtw89rqvuse4s4weftr 839452 839451 2026-05-23T18:50:03Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 6s5mfaaoqntzubdd3l7yi4web9wngv7 839456 839452 2026-05-23T18:51:59Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alkawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] rjhefyyv5e60kggoekz910ycln2rw3q 839457 839456 2026-05-23T18:54:10Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] br2fsl96jo0u9pgv6pz6hgcpw0rg2io 839462 839457 2026-05-23T19:04:15Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babban kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] qzqbjuz44imjmzgq1saej1rpa3a1fms 839465 839462 2026-05-23T19:05:12Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don kirkirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] hrf2eoy7ucmn2u1hsp9wsewykhqbotg 839467 839465 2026-05-23T19:06:02Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar gungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 01ut1hzqwasj2w097tz4m1jm364bbcr 839468 839467 2026-05-23T19:06:26Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta kasa tare da hadin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] kbi5bp8qtluqh82yc5gtywfwco4vwo4 839469 839468 2026-05-23T19:07:10Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta kasa tare da haɗin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa gungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 1l2tjtve7pg6cmrpqenrnw8upfat9sb 839470 839469 2026-05-23T19:07:48Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta kasa tare da haɗin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye kasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa ƙungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] tgvj7sk969wwespgxjahqwzkpznm0zu 839471 839470 2026-05-23T19:08:06Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta kasa tare da haɗin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk fadin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye ƙasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa ƙungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] jit8xozjt0f8hsdbglvnoldfb7oxn7s 839472 839471 2026-05-23T19:08:22Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta kasa tare da haɗin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk faɗin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye ƙasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa ƙungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] p1oi5u96t4rxw1rrrqc0g2acvzhe21z 839473 839472 2026-05-23T19:08:55Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta ƙasa tare da haɗin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk faɗin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye ƙasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa ƙungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni wadanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 3axhb6xhwppvzbrsz8l2gywhsczhe58 839475 839473 2026-05-23T19:10:06Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta ƙasa tare da haɗin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk faɗin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye ƙasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa ƙungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni waɗanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire -tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] 67zb3af7uwrwnblcz2a8kfx7onsw14b 839476 839475 2026-05-23T19:10:48Z ~2026-30793-05 45131 839476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Locked In Sight.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] [[Image:Locked In Battle.jpg|thumb|Dambe.]] '''Dambe''' fasaha ce ta gwagwarmayar Hausawa daga ƙasar Najeriya. Masu fafatawa a cikin wasa na yau da kullun suna son su rinjayi junansu cikin jimlar ƙaddamar wa galibi a cikin zagaye uku. Sau da yawa yana haifar da munanan raunuka na jiki ga masu ƙalubalen kamar karyayyun muƙamuki da haƙarƙari. Kalmar Hausa "daæmaænga" ana kiran 'yan dambe.<ref name="Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet">{{cite web|title=Dambe: How an ancient form of Nigerian boxing swept the internet|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/dambe-ancient-form-nigerian-boxing-swept-internet-180608112430973.html|first1=Festus|last1=Iyorah|work=Al Jazeera|date=June 18, 2018|access-date=June 18, 2018}}</ref> Al'adun masunta ne da ƙungiyoyin kamun kifi na Hausa, kuma cikin ƙarni na ƙarshe ya samo asali ne daga dangin waɗannan sana'o'in da ke tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan gona a lokacin girbi, tare da haɗa ƙalubalen faɗa daga waje zuwa nishaɗin bikin girbi na gida. Hakanan an yi shi a zaman al'ada a matsayin hanyar maza don yin shiri don yaƙi, kuma yawancin dabaru da kalmomin da suka shafi yaƙi. A yau, kamfanonin 'yan dambe suna balaguro suna yin wasannin waje tare da biki da raye -raye, a ko'ina cikin al'adun Hausawa na Arewacin Najeriya, Kudancin Nijar da kudu maso yammacin Chadi. Wasan ya samu babbar kulawa daga Ma’aikatar Matasa da Raya Wasannin Tarayyar Najeriya yayin da minista, Sunday Dare ya yi alƙawarin a watan Disamba na 2019 don ƙirƙirar ƙungiya ta ƙasa tare da haɗin guiwa da Dambe Sport Association don kafa gungiya don shirya gasa da gasa a duk faɗin Najeriya da wajen Najeriya. Shirye-shirye sun riga sun fara aiki kafin barkewar COVID-19 da ta mamaye ƙasar a farkon shekarar 2020. ==Yadda ake dambe== A al'adance, ana gudanar da gasa tsakanin maza na gungun mahauta wadanda kuma za su kalubalanci maza daga masu sauraron kauyensu. An zana shi daga kananan kabilar Hausa wadanda su kadai ne za su iya yanka dabbobi da sarrafa nama, mahauta masu tafiya sun kafa ƙungiyoyin dambe daga darajarsu da ake kira "runduna". Gasar su ta faru ne a bukukuwan da ke nuna karshen lokacin girbi ko zuwan Kaka, yayin da dangin mahauta za su yi tafiya don yanka dabbobi ga al'ummomin gona. Lokacin Kaka yana nuna lokacin da al'ummomin karkara ke cike da kudi, don haka caca akan abubuwan karfi ya kasance yana da alaqa da wadannan bukukuwan. A yau, mahalarta galibi matasa ne na birni waɗanda ke yin horo a gidan motsa jiki ko bayan gida, suna yin gasa duk shekara. Duk da cewa ba a kiyaye rabe-raben mahautan Hausa ba, har yanzu yanayin yan uwantaka yana nan, yayin da matasan da suka shiga sahun kwararrun suka shiga gungiyar kwararru wadanda ke balaguro don yin fafatawa a bukukuwa kamar fitowan, cike da ingantattun sautunan sauti da kuma tsauraran al'adu kafin wasan. Yin fare na gefe don masu kallo da jakar kyaututtuka ga masu fafatawa sun kasance muhimmin sashi na taron. A lokacin fafatawar kauyuka, ana yin gasa a wani yanki da aka share wanda ake kira fagen fama, tare da masu kallo suna kafa iyakokin zobe. A cikin fadan birni na zamani, ana yin gasa ta gida a cikin zoben wucin gadi, galibi ana saitawa a waje da tsire-tsire na nama kamar yadda membobin kabilun mahauta na gargajiya har yanzu suka fi yawa. A cikin wadannan wasannin na birane, mahalarta suna sa gajeren wando maimakon sutura. Yashi ya cika filin wasan Lutte Traditionnelle na Afirka ta Yamma, wanda aka saba da shi a manyan garuruwa, ana amfani da shi don manyan fafatawa, kuma galibi ana hada shi da wasannin kokawa na gargajiya. Ko na gargajiya ko na zamani, kade-kade da kade-kade na gaba kafin a fara fafatawa. Kida da wakoki suna da alaqa da gungiyoyi da daidaikun mutane, kuma suna hidima don kiran masu dambe a zobe, suna kin abokan hamayya, da karfafa sa hannu na masu sauraro. A fadan gargajiya, galibi ana amfani da layu azaman sifofin kariya ta allahntaka. Ana kuma ganin layu a fadan birni na zamani, amma jami'ai gaba daya suna hana yin amfani da kariya ta sihiri bisa adalci. Har yanzu abu ne gama gari cewa ana sanya layu a cikin matashin kai cike da gashin tsuntsaye wanda mayaƙ Ka ke sanyawa a cikin dunkulensu, kuma mayaka galibi suna dora hannunsu mai bugawa, suna goge salves da resins cikin raunin warkarwa wanda ake nufin ba da jarfi ko kariya. Wasu kamfanonin damben zamani masu balaguro suna shiga shan sigari na al'ada na Hemp ko Marijuana kafin a fara. ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Dambe_poses_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu sun take File:Le_dambe.jpg|Dan dambe File:Dembe_game.jpg|A take ana neman sa'a File:A_national_sport-Dambe_-_Deidei_2010.jpg|Wasu yan'dambe File:Glove_wrapping-Dambe_Deidei_2010.jpg|A dokar Dambe dole sai anyi Nadi na zare a hannu. Hannun da aka nada zare shi ke nuna mutum ba hago ne ko ba dame. File:Hausa_game.jpg|Kisa! (Taka kasa shine Kisa ko faduwa a gasar dambe) File:Taiye_(right)_-_a_champion_dambe_boxer.jpg|Taiye Wani jarumi daga kudu a gefen dama </gallery> [[Category:Hausa]] jirvasurvkfuuume4xtod43hkx9indh 0 14536 839378 645551 2026-05-23T15:53:50Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ m 839378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Chevy Volt Concept NAIAS 2007 01.jpg|thumb|Chevrolet Volt ɗaya daga cikin motar da Jelani Aliyu ya zana]] '''Jelani Aliyu''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Satumban Shekarar 1966) ɗan [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne mai ƙera motoci, wanda ya yi aiki da kamfanin ƙera motoci na [[Amurka]] General Motors. Ya kasance babban mai tsara zane-zane a GM, har zuwa lokacin da shugaban ƙasar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Darakta na Hukumar ƙera motoci da cigaban Najeriya (NADDC) a shekarar 2017 [[File:Chevrolet Volt Concept (II) (14603294161).jpg|thumb|Chevrolet Volt, ɗaya daga cikin motar da Jelani Aliyu ya zana]] == Tasowa da Ilimi == An kuma haifi Aliyu a shekarar 1966 a [[Kaduna]] Nijeriya, a cikin dangin Alhaji Aliyu Haidar da Hajiya Sharifiyya Hauwa Aliyu, shi ne na biyar a cikin ’ya’ya bakwai a gidan wadanda ’yan asalin Dogon-daji ne a [[Jihar Sokoto]] , wannan ne ya sa aka koma da matashin Aliyu Sokoto don neman ilimi. Ya yi karatu a Sokoto Capital School daga shekarar 1971 zuwa 1978 sannan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwanatin Tarayya ta Sakkwato inda ya samu lambar yabo na dalibin da ya fi kowa yaye a Technical Drawing. A shekarar 1986, Aliyu ya sami admission don karantar Architecture a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Zaria]]. Sai dai da sauri Aliyu ya fice daga jami'ar inda ya gano cewa karatu a jami'ar da wuya ya ba shi damar ci gaba da burinsa na zama mai zanen mota domin karatu a can baya aiki kamar yadda ake yi a polytechnic sannan ya wuce zuwa Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi da ke [[Kebbi State]] daga 1986 zuwa shekarar 1988 inda ya sami associate digiri a fannin architecture tare dkuma a lambar yabo na Gwarzon Ɗalibai. Yayin da yake can ya fara neman izinin shiga makarantun zane a Turai da Amurka wanda zai kai shi GA sana'ar Ƙera motoci.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian You might not hear about meet Jelani Aliyu|url=https://www.nta.ng/news/technology/20141224-nigeria-you-might-not-hear-about-meet-jelani-aliyu/|work=Nigeria Television Authority|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2014|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227101724/https://www.nta.ng/news/technology/20141224-nigeria-you-might-not-hear-about-meet-jelani-aliyu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu The design revolutionary|url=https://guardian.ng/life/jelani-aliyu-the-design-revolutionary/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015|archive-date=9 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209193440/https://guardian.ng/life/jelani-aliyu-the-design-revolutionary/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome home Jelani Aliyu|url=http://nigerianpilot.com/jelani-aliyu/|work=The Nigeria Pilot|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015|archive-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622163531/http://nigerianpilot.com/jelani-aliyu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1990, Hukumar bayar da tallafin karatu ta Jihar Sakkwato ta dauki nauyin daukar nauyin Aliyu don yin karatu a Amurka a [[College for Creative Studies]] da ke [[Detroit]] don karantar fasahar kere-kere. Yayin karatun Aliyu ya sami lambobin yabo biyu masu daraja daga Kamfanin Motoci na Ford da Michelin, Amurka. A shekarar 1994, Aliyu ya samu digirin sa a fannin kera motoci, nan take ya shiga tawagar [General Motors], inda ya fara aikin ƙere-ƙere.<ref name="Crainsdetroit">{{cite web|title=American Dreamers Jelani Aliyu 40|url=https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20070325/SUB/70323010/american-dreamers-jelani-aliyu-40|work=Crains Detroit|date=25 March 2007|accessdate=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu General Motors designer of the Chevy Volt|url=http://lifeandtimesmagazine.com/home/jelani-aliyu-general-motors-designer-of-the-chevy-volt/|work=Life and Times Magazine|accessdate=29 August 2018|date=January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu|url=https://autojosh.com/jelani-aliyu-2/|work=Auto Josh|date=14 April 2017|accessdate=20 June 2020}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == A shekarar 1994 bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[College for Creative Studies]], Aliyu ya shiga General Motors.<ref name="Crainsdetroit"/> A General Motors Aliyu shi ne mai co-desinger na [[Oldsmobile Bravada]], [[Buick]. Rendezvous]] da [[Opel Astra]] kuma shine jagorar zanen waje na [[Pontiac G6]] da [[Chevrolet Volt]], abin hawa na lantarki tare da sleek arcing roofline. Lokacin da yake magana game da inspiration na sana'arsa ta ƙera motoci a cikin wata hira, Jelani ya ce.{{Quote|Na kasance ina son zane. Waɗannan abubuwa ne daban-daban a kusa da ni, mutane, abubuwa, tsire-tsire, da kuma abubuwa daga tunanina. Na girma cikin ƙaunar [[science fiction]] sannan kuma a cikin fina-finai, za ku ga yawancin [[spacecraft]] na [[aliens | zayayyu]] da sauran abubuwa na [[futuristic]] waɗanda za su ƙarfafa ni in yi hangen nesa. Ina kuma son motoci sosai, duk da cewa a lokacin ba mu da [[Ferrari]] a Sakkwato. Duk da haka, muna da mujallu da na gan su, kuma sun ƙarfafa ni. Don haka na haɗa soyayyata na zane da motoci na yanke shawarar zama mai zanen mota.<ref name="punch"/>}} Ya kuma ce, abin da ya zaburar da shi iyayensa ne domin sun bar shi ya yanke shawarar abin da yake son yi. Misali, lokacin da ya je Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, ya yanke shawarar ba zai ci gaba da zama a can ba, sun ƙarfafa masa guiwa. Ba su nace cewa dole ne ya zauna a wurin ba. Akan zanen [[Chevrolet Volt]], ya ce; {{Quote|Duba wani ɗan ƙaramin ganye, kauri ne kawai na 'yar millimita amma duk da haka ingantacciyar masana'anta ce,.. Na yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar ingancin yanayi da ƙirarsa kuma na jawo waɗannan concepts na yi amfani da su a Chevrolet Volt.<ref name="punch">{{cite web|title=Welcome home Jelani Aliyu|url=https://punchng.com/welcome-home-jelani-aliyu/|work=The Punch Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015}}</ref>}} == Sanannun Zayyanoni == * 2004 [[Pontiac G6]] [[File:'08-'10 Pontiac G6 GT Street Edition Convertible (Orange Julep).jpg|thumb|Pontiac G6 GT Street Edition Convertible (Orange Julep)]] * 2010 [[Chevrolet Volt]] [[File:Barack Obama drives Chevy Volt.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama behind the wheel of a new Chevy Volt during his tour of the General Motors Auto Plant in Hamtramck, Michigan]] == Kuma ga == * [[Chuck Jordan (automobile designer)]] * [[Strother McMinn]] * [[Helene Rother]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Haɗin waje== *{{official website|http://jelanialiyu.com/|Jelani Aliyu Foundation}} {{Gm designers}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliyu, Jelani}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1966]] [[Category:Mutane daga Sokoto]] [[Category:Nigerian automobile designers]] [[Category:General Motors designers]] [[Category:Opel designers]] [[Category:20th-century Nigerian businesspeople]] [[Category:College for Creative Studies alumni]] k54aynp0wgbxvur5ljulxlo5cdn8j9u 839380 839378 2026-05-23T15:58:17Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Haɗin waje */ +gya 839380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Chevy Volt Concept NAIAS 2007 01.jpg|thumb|Chevrolet Volt ɗaya daga cikin motar da Jelani Aliyu ya zana]] '''Jelani Aliyu''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Satumban Shekarar 1966) ɗan [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne mai ƙera motoci, wanda ya yi aiki da kamfanin ƙera motoci na [[Amurka]] General Motors. Ya kasance babban mai tsara zane-zane a GM, har zuwa lokacin da shugaban ƙasar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Darakta na Hukumar ƙera motoci da cigaban Najeriya (NADDC) a shekarar 2017 [[File:Chevrolet Volt Concept (II) (14603294161).jpg|thumb|Chevrolet Volt, ɗaya daga cikin motar da Jelani Aliyu ya zana]] == Tasowa da Ilimi == An kuma haifi Aliyu a shekarar 1966 a [[Kaduna]] Nijeriya, a cikin dangin Alhaji Aliyu Haidar da Hajiya Sharifiyya Hauwa Aliyu, shi ne na biyar a cikin ’ya’ya bakwai a gidan wadanda ’yan asalin Dogon-daji ne a [[Jihar Sokoto]] , wannan ne ya sa aka koma da matashin Aliyu Sokoto don neman ilimi. Ya yi karatu a Sokoto Capital School daga shekarar 1971 zuwa 1978 sannan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwanatin Tarayya ta Sakkwato inda ya samu lambar yabo na dalibin da ya fi kowa yaye a Technical Drawing. A shekarar 1986, Aliyu ya sami admission don karantar Architecture a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Zaria]]. Sai dai da sauri Aliyu ya fice daga jami'ar inda ya gano cewa karatu a jami'ar da wuya ya ba shi damar ci gaba da burinsa na zama mai zanen mota domin karatu a can baya aiki kamar yadda ake yi a polytechnic sannan ya wuce zuwa Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi da ke [[Kebbi State]] daga 1986 zuwa shekarar 1988 inda ya sami associate digiri a fannin architecture tare dkuma a lambar yabo na Gwarzon Ɗalibai. Yayin da yake can ya fara neman izinin shiga makarantun zane a Turai da Amurka wanda zai kai shi GA sana'ar Ƙera motoci.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian You might not hear about meet Jelani Aliyu|url=https://www.nta.ng/news/technology/20141224-nigeria-you-might-not-hear-about-meet-jelani-aliyu/|work=Nigeria Television Authority|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2014|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227101724/https://www.nta.ng/news/technology/20141224-nigeria-you-might-not-hear-about-meet-jelani-aliyu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu The design revolutionary|url=https://guardian.ng/life/jelani-aliyu-the-design-revolutionary/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015|archive-date=9 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209193440/https://guardian.ng/life/jelani-aliyu-the-design-revolutionary/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome home Jelani Aliyu|url=http://nigerianpilot.com/jelani-aliyu/|work=The Nigeria Pilot|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015|archive-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622163531/http://nigerianpilot.com/jelani-aliyu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1990, Hukumar bayar da tallafin karatu ta Jihar Sakkwato ta dauki nauyin daukar nauyin Aliyu don yin karatu a Amurka a [[College for Creative Studies]] da ke [[Detroit]] don karantar fasahar kere-kere. Yayin karatun Aliyu ya sami lambobin yabo biyu masu daraja daga Kamfanin Motoci na Ford da Michelin, Amurka. A shekarar 1994, Aliyu ya samu digirin sa a fannin kera motoci, nan take ya shiga tawagar [General Motors], inda ya fara aikin ƙere-ƙere.<ref name="Crainsdetroit">{{cite web|title=American Dreamers Jelani Aliyu 40|url=https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20070325/SUB/70323010/american-dreamers-jelani-aliyu-40|work=Crains Detroit|date=25 March 2007|accessdate=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu General Motors designer of the Chevy Volt|url=http://lifeandtimesmagazine.com/home/jelani-aliyu-general-motors-designer-of-the-chevy-volt/|work=Life and Times Magazine|accessdate=29 August 2018|date=January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu|url=https://autojosh.com/jelani-aliyu-2/|work=Auto Josh|date=14 April 2017|accessdate=20 June 2020}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == A shekarar 1994 bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[College for Creative Studies]], Aliyu ya shiga General Motors.<ref name="Crainsdetroit"/> A General Motors Aliyu shi ne mai co-desinger na [[Oldsmobile Bravada]], [[Buick]. Rendezvous]] da [[Opel Astra]] kuma shine jagorar zanen waje na [[Pontiac G6]] da [[Chevrolet Volt]], abin hawa na lantarki tare da sleek arcing roofline. Lokacin da yake magana game da inspiration na sana'arsa ta ƙera motoci a cikin wata hira, Jelani ya ce.{{Quote|Na kasance ina son zane. Waɗannan abubuwa ne daban-daban a kusa da ni, mutane, abubuwa, tsire-tsire, da kuma abubuwa daga tunanina. Na girma cikin ƙaunar [[science fiction]] sannan kuma a cikin fina-finai, za ku ga yawancin [[spacecraft]] na [[aliens | zayayyu]] da sauran abubuwa na [[futuristic]] waɗanda za su ƙarfafa ni in yi hangen nesa. Ina kuma son motoci sosai, duk da cewa a lokacin ba mu da [[Ferrari]] a Sakkwato. Duk da haka, muna da mujallu da na gan su, kuma sun ƙarfafa ni. Don haka na haɗa soyayyata na zane da motoci na yanke shawarar zama mai zanen mota.<ref name="punch"/>}} Ya kuma ce, abin da ya zaburar da shi iyayensa ne domin sun bar shi ya yanke shawarar abin da yake son yi. Misali, lokacin da ya je Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, ya yanke shawarar ba zai ci gaba da zama a can ba, sun ƙarfafa masa guiwa. Ba su nace cewa dole ne ya zauna a wurin ba. Akan zanen [[Chevrolet Volt]], ya ce; {{Quote|Duba wani ɗan ƙaramin ganye, kauri ne kawai na 'yar millimita amma duk da haka ingantacciyar masana'anta ce,.. Na yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar ingancin yanayi da ƙirarsa kuma na jawo waɗannan concepts na yi amfani da su a Chevrolet Volt.<ref name="punch">{{cite web|title=Welcome home Jelani Aliyu|url=https://punchng.com/welcome-home-jelani-aliyu/|work=The Punch Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015}}</ref>}} == Sanannun Zayyanoni == * 2004 [[Pontiac G6]] [[File:'08-'10 Pontiac G6 GT Street Edition Convertible (Orange Julep).jpg|thumb|Pontiac G6 GT Street Edition Convertible (Orange Julep)]] * 2010 [[Chevrolet Volt]] [[File:Barack Obama drives Chevy Volt.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama behind the wheel of a new Chevy Volt during his tour of the General Motors Auto Plant in Hamtramck, Michigan]] == Kuma ga == * [[Chuck Jordan (automobile designer)]] * [[Strother McMinn]] * [[Helene Rother]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Haɗin waje== *{{official website|http://jelanialiyu.com/|Jelani Aliyu Foundation}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliyu, Jelani}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1966]] [[Category:Mutane daga Sokoto]] [[Category:Nigerian automobile designers]] [[Category:General Motors designers]] [[Category:Opel designers]] [[Category:20th-century Nigerian businesspeople]] [[Category:College for Creative Studies alumni]] g6kl9s7z4p0achth4b7wu87m7q44rhz 839382 839380 2026-05-23T15:59:37Z Em-mustapha 6594 removed [[Category:Nigerian automobile designers]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 839382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Chevy Volt Concept NAIAS 2007 01.jpg|thumb|Chevrolet Volt ɗaya daga cikin motar da Jelani Aliyu ya zana]] '''Jelani Aliyu''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Satumban Shekarar 1966) ɗan [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ne mai ƙera motoci, wanda ya yi aiki da kamfanin ƙera motoci na [[Amurka]] General Motors. Ya kasance babban mai tsara zane-zane a GM, har zuwa lokacin da shugaban ƙasar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya naɗa shi a matsayin Babban Darakta na Hukumar ƙera motoci da cigaban Najeriya (NADDC) a shekarar 2017 [[File:Chevrolet Volt Concept (II) (14603294161).jpg|thumb|Chevrolet Volt, ɗaya daga cikin motar da Jelani Aliyu ya zana]] == Tasowa da Ilimi == An kuma haifi Aliyu a shekarar 1966 a [[Kaduna]] Nijeriya, a cikin dangin Alhaji Aliyu Haidar da Hajiya Sharifiyya Hauwa Aliyu, shi ne na biyar a cikin ’ya’ya bakwai a gidan wadanda ’yan asalin Dogon-daji ne a [[Jihar Sokoto]] , wannan ne ya sa aka koma da matashin Aliyu Sokoto don neman ilimi. Ya yi karatu a Sokoto Capital School daga shekarar 1971 zuwa 1978 sannan ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Gwanatin Tarayya ta Sakkwato inda ya samu lambar yabo na dalibin da ya fi kowa yaye a Technical Drawing. A shekarar 1986, Aliyu ya sami admission don karantar Architecture a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Zaria]]. Sai dai da sauri Aliyu ya fice daga jami'ar inda ya gano cewa karatu a jami'ar da wuya ya ba shi damar ci gaba da burinsa na zama mai zanen mota domin karatu a can baya aiki kamar yadda ake yi a polytechnic sannan ya wuce zuwa Federal Polytechnic Birnin Kebbi da ke [[Kebbi State]] daga 1986 zuwa shekarar 1988 inda ya sami associate digiri a fannin architecture tare dkuma a lambar yabo na Gwarzon Ɗalibai. Yayin da yake can ya fara neman izinin shiga makarantun zane a Turai da Amurka wanda zai kai shi GA sana'ar Ƙera motoci.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigerian You might not hear about meet Jelani Aliyu|url=https://www.nta.ng/news/technology/20141224-nigeria-you-might-not-hear-about-meet-jelani-aliyu/|work=Nigeria Television Authority|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2014|archive-date=27 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227101724/https://www.nta.ng/news/technology/20141224-nigeria-you-might-not-hear-about-meet-jelani-aliyu/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu The design revolutionary|url=https://guardian.ng/life/jelani-aliyu-the-design-revolutionary/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015|archive-date=9 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209193440/https://guardian.ng/life/jelani-aliyu-the-design-revolutionary/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome home Jelani Aliyu|url=http://nigerianpilot.com/jelani-aliyu/|work=The Nigeria Pilot|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015|archive-date=22 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622163531/http://nigerianpilot.com/jelani-aliyu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1990, Hukumar bayar da tallafin karatu ta Jihar Sakkwato ta dauki nauyin daukar nauyin Aliyu don yin karatu a Amurka a [[College for Creative Studies]] da ke [[Detroit]] don karantar fasahar kere-kere. Yayin karatun Aliyu ya sami lambobin yabo biyu masu daraja daga Kamfanin Motoci na Ford da Michelin, Amurka. A shekarar 1994, Aliyu ya samu digirin sa a fannin kera motoci, nan take ya shiga tawagar [General Motors], inda ya fara aikin ƙere-ƙere.<ref name="Crainsdetroit">{{cite web|title=American Dreamers Jelani Aliyu 40|url=https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20070325/SUB/70323010/american-dreamers-jelani-aliyu-40|work=Crains Detroit|date=25 March 2007|accessdate=20 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu General Motors designer of the Chevy Volt|url=http://lifeandtimesmagazine.com/home/jelani-aliyu-general-motors-designer-of-the-chevy-volt/|work=Life and Times Magazine|accessdate=29 August 2018|date=January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jelani Aliyu|url=https://autojosh.com/jelani-aliyu-2/|work=Auto Josh|date=14 April 2017|accessdate=20 June 2020}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == A shekarar 1994 bayan kammala karatunsa daga [[College for Creative Studies]], Aliyu ya shiga General Motors.<ref name="Crainsdetroit"/> A General Motors Aliyu shi ne mai co-desinger na [[Oldsmobile Bravada]], [[Buick]. Rendezvous]] da [[Opel Astra]] kuma shine jagorar zanen waje na [[Pontiac G6]] da [[Chevrolet Volt]], abin hawa na lantarki tare da sleek arcing roofline. Lokacin da yake magana game da inspiration na sana'arsa ta ƙera motoci a cikin wata hira, Jelani ya ce.{{Quote|Na kasance ina son zane. Waɗannan abubuwa ne daban-daban a kusa da ni, mutane, abubuwa, tsire-tsire, da kuma abubuwa daga tunanina. Na girma cikin ƙaunar [[science fiction]] sannan kuma a cikin fina-finai, za ku ga yawancin [[spacecraft]] na [[aliens | zayayyu]] da sauran abubuwa na [[futuristic]] waɗanda za su ƙarfafa ni in yi hangen nesa. Ina kuma son motoci sosai, duk da cewa a lokacin ba mu da [[Ferrari]] a Sakkwato. Duk da haka, muna da mujallu da na gan su, kuma sun ƙarfafa ni. Don haka na haɗa soyayyata na zane da motoci na yanke shawarar zama mai zanen mota.<ref name="punch"/>}} Ya kuma ce, abin da ya zaburar da shi iyayensa ne domin sun bar shi ya yanke shawarar abin da yake son yi. Misali, lokacin da ya je Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya, ya yanke shawarar ba zai ci gaba da zama a can ba, sun ƙarfafa masa guiwa. Ba su nace cewa dole ne ya zauna a wurin ba. Akan zanen [[Chevrolet Volt]], ya ce; {{Quote|Duba wani ɗan ƙaramin ganye, kauri ne kawai na 'yar millimita amma duk da haka ingantacciyar masana'anta ce,.. Na yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar ingancin yanayi da ƙirarsa kuma na jawo waɗannan concepts na yi amfani da su a Chevrolet Volt.<ref name="punch">{{cite web|title=Welcome home Jelani Aliyu|url=https://punchng.com/welcome-home-jelani-aliyu/|work=The Punch Nigeria|accessdate=17 June 2020|date=January 2015}}</ref>}} == Sanannun Zayyanoni == * 2004 [[Pontiac G6]] [[File:'08-'10 Pontiac G6 GT Street Edition Convertible (Orange Julep).jpg|thumb|Pontiac G6 GT Street Edition Convertible (Orange Julep)]] * 2010 [[Chevrolet Volt]] [[File:Barack Obama drives Chevy Volt.jpg|thumb|President Barack Obama behind the wheel of a new Chevy Volt during his tour of the General Motors Auto Plant in Hamtramck, Michigan]] == Kuma ga == * [[Chuck Jordan (automobile designer)]] * [[Strother McMinn]] * [[Helene Rother]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Haɗin waje== *{{official website|http://jelanialiyu.com/|Jelani Aliyu Foundation}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aliyu, Jelani}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1966]] [[Category:Mutane daga Sokoto]] [[Category:General Motors designers]] [[Category:Opel designers]] [[Category:20th-century Nigerian businesspeople]] [[Category:College for Creative Studies alumni]] jeeulhd6hmueprvhznl9abcd1l1bvt1 0 15317 839453 610390 2026-05-23T18:50:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christy Ohiaeriaku''' (an haife ta 13 Disamba 1996) ita ce 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta duniya da ke wasa a matsayin mai tsaron raga. Ta kasance mamba a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya. A matakin kungiyar ta buga wa kungiyar Osun Babes da Rivers Angels a Najeriya, kuma tun daga 2016 ta buga wa IFK Ostersund ta [[Sweden]]. == Wasan kwallon kafa == Ohiaeriaku ta taka leda a Osun Babes a matsayin mai tsaron ragar su na farko a gasar Premier ta Mata ta Najeriya, inda kungiyar ta kare a matsayi na uku. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya haifar da kiran matashin zuwa ga ƙungiyar ƙasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Osun Babes coach Liadi Bashiru hails Edwin Okon on Christy Oheriaku call-up|url=http://www.savidnews.com/osun-babes-coach-liadi-bashiru-hails-edwin-okon-on-christy-oheriaku-call-up/|publisher=Savid News|accessdate=4 November 2016|date=13 September 2014|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731214819/http://www.savidnews.com/osun-babes-coach-liadi-bashiru-hails-edwin-okon-on-christy-oheriaku-call-up/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga baya ta tafi ta hade da masu rike da kambun gasar Rivers Angels bayan sun lashe kofunan gasar biyu da suka biyo baya, kafin ta koma Osun Babes a farkon 2016. A cikin wata sanarwa, ta godewa kungiyar da ma’aikatan da ke tallafa wa Mala’ikun na Rivers, inda ta bayyana su a matsayin iyali. Daga baya a waccan shekarar, ta canza sheka zuwa IFK Ostersund ta Sweden a yarjejeniyar shekara guda tare da yiwuwar tsawaita shekara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.savidnews.com/nigerias-goalkeeper-christy-ohiaeriaku-joins-swedens-ifk-ostersund/|title=Nigeria's goalkeeper Christy Ohiaeriaku joins Sweden's IFK Ostersund|publisher=Savid News|date=2 June 2016|accessdate=4 November 2016|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731213441/http://www.savidnews.com/nigerias-goalkeeper-christy-ohiaeriaku-joins-swedens-ifk-ostersund/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ayyukan duniya === Kafin gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2014, Ohiaeriaku an sanya shi a cikin rukunin wucin gadi na kungiyar kwallon kafar mata ta Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2014/09/13/5100869/christy-ohieriaku-delighted-with-super-falcons-call-up|title=Christy Ohieriaku delighted with Super Falcons call-up|work=Goal.com|date=13 September 2014|accessdate=12 June 2015|last=Ahmadu|first=Samuel}}</ref> Ta kasance daga cikin kungiyar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2015, kasancewarta daya daga cikin masu tsaron raga uku.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Okeleji|first1=Oluwashina|title=Perpetua Nkwocha aims to end Nigeria career on a high|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/32913879|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=BBC Sport|date=28 May 2015}}</ref> Ba ta fara kowane wasa ba, a maimakon haka ta zama madadin maye gurbin wasannin da ta yi da Amurka, [[Asturaliya|Australia]] da Sweden a wani abin da aka bayyana da "rukunin mutuwa".<ref>{{cite news|title=Christy Ohiaeriaku|url=http://www.espnfc.com.au/player/219970/christy-ohiaeriaku|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Group of death: Australia's World Cup opponents|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/soccer/group-of-death-australias-world-cup-opponents-20150605-ghhigr.html|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=[[The Canberra Times]]|date=5 June 2015|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801005619/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/sport/soccer/group-of-death-australias-world-cup-opponents-20150605-ghhigr.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> A yayin da ake shirin zuwa Gasar Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta U-20 na 2016, ta yi fatan ci gaba da wasan kwallon kafa a Sweden zai taimaka mata cimma wani matsayi a kungiyar.<ref>{{cite news|title=IFKO Stersund's Ohiaeriaku ready for Falconets challenge|url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/ifko-stersund-ohiaeriaku-ready-falconets-165514519.html|accessdate=4 November 2016|work=Yahoo! News|date=6 August 2016}}</ref> Daga baya aka sanya ta cikin tawagar da za ta fafata.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dedevbo rejects players ahead of Women's World Cup|url=http://von.gov.ng/dedevbo-rejects-players-ahead-womens-world-cup/|publisher=VON.gov.ng|accessdate=4 November 2016|date=25 October 2016}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1996]] 5gogeddz9zv47qtyzt547k8wxajxavg 0 15417 839419 528190 2026-05-23T17:18:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Prof_Chinyere_Stella_Okunnna_2.jpg|alt=|thumb| Farfesa Chinyere Stella Okunna]] '''Chinyere Stella Okunna''' ita ce mace ta farko a farfesa a fannin sadarwa a [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]].. Ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban a matsayin mai gudanarwa da [[Ilimi|malama]] a fagen ilimi da kuma fagen jama'a / siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Female Professors Of Mass Communication In Nigeria – MassMediaNG|url=https://massmediang.com/first-female-professors-of-mass-communication-in-nigeria/|last=Nwabueze|first=Chinenye|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2020-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201091150/https://massmediang.com/first-female-professors-of-mass-communication-in-nigeria/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Mahaifan ta sune Joshua da dangin Christiana Adimora, Uga a ƙaramar hukumar [[Aguata]] na jihar [[Anambra|Anambara]], [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]], mahaifinta (Joshua Obinani Adimora) ma'aikacin gwamnati ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in Gundumar asalin fata / fata na farko (DO) a yankin Gudanarwar [[Aguata]]. A cikin shekarun 1950 da Mataimakin Magatakarda na Garin-Port Harcourt Municipal Council a cikin shekarar 1960s. Stella Chinyere Okunna ta fara karatun ta na farko a makarantar firamare ta St John da ke Ekwulobia inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in gwamnati kuma ya kare a Township School [[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]] daga inda ta ci gaba da sakandare daga Firamare 5. Karatunta na sakandire ta kasance ne a makarantar Anglican Girls Grammar School (wacce daga baya ta zama makarantar sakandaren mata) Awkunanaw, [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], daga nan ne ta sami WASC tare da rarrabuwa ta 1 a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗalibi a cikin makarantar<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=OKUNNA, Prof. Chinyere Stella, (nee Adimora)|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/okunna-prof-chinyere-stella-nee-adimora/|last=Udo|first=Mary|date=2017-02-20|website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref>. == Ayyuka == === Ilimi === Chinyere Stella Okunna ta fara aiki a matsayin malama a [https://imt.edu.ng/about-imt/ Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Fasaha a Enugu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113073652/https://imt.edu.ng/about-imt/ |date=2020-11-13 }} (1981–1994) kafin ta shiga Sashen Sadarwa da Sadarwa, Jami’ar Nnamdi Azikiwe a 1994. Ta zama mace ta farko da ta fara zama farfesa a fannin sadarwa a Najeriya a shekarar 2001 kuma ta kasance ita kaɗai ce 'yar Najeriya da ke magana da jama'a da ta kai wannan matsayi tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu (12) kafin malama ta biyu, daga wannan sashen ma ta zama farfesa. Ita ce mace ta farko Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences a Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe (2016-2019). Kafin wannan lokacin ta kasance Faculty Sub-Dean shekarar 1996-1998 da kuma Head, Department of Mass Communication 1998–2006. Ta sami damar wannan lokacin don fara karatun digiri na biyu (PGD, MSc da PhD) da kuma ƙwararriyar difloma a aikin jarida a wannan sashen.<ref>{{Cite web|last=media career development network|first=admin|date=2017-06-28|title=Meet UNILAG's first professor of Mass communication|url=http://mediacareerng.org/2017/06/28/meet-unilags-first-female-professor-of-mass-communication/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701133853/http://www.mediacareerng.org/2017/06/28/meet-unilags-first-female-professor-of-mass-communication/|archive-date=2017-07-01|access-date=2020-06-03|website=mediacareerng.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How becoming Nigeria’s first female Professor of Mass Communication humbled me —Chinyere Stella Okunna|url=https://newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|website=News Express Nigeria Website|language=en|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604130038/https://www.newsexpressngr.com/news/12036-How-becoming-Nigerias-first-female-Professor-of-Mass-Communication-humbled-me-Chinyere-Stella-Okunna|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hakanan, Stella Chinyere Okunna tayi aiki kamar haka; * Memba a Hukumar Jami'o'in ƙasa na Kasa (NUC) bangarorin amincewa don Sadarwar Sadarwa. * Mai Binciken waje na masu fatan Furofesa. * Mai Binciken Na waje. Ta mayar da hankali a cikin ilimin ilimi shine Ci gaban Sadarwa / Canjin Halayyar Jima'i da Sadarwa. ==== Ayyukan jama'a ==== A shekarar 2006 –2014, Chinyere Stella Okunna ta tafi hutu daga jami’ar Nnamdi Azikiwe kuma ta fara aikin gwamnati a matsayin kwamishina a ma’aikatar yada labarai da al’adu (2006 - 2009). Daga nan aka naɗa ta a matsayin kwamishina mai kula da tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki da kasafin kuɗi da kuma Kwamishina mai kula da haɗin gwiwar ci gaban tarayya / hukumomin bayar da tallafi (2009 - 2014). Yayin da take aiki a matsayin Kwamishina, an kuma yi mata alƙawarin kasancewa Shugabar Ma’aikata (2012–2014) Ta kuma kasance a kujerar, * Kwamitin Aiwatar da Bunƙasar Millennium (MDGs) (2009-2014) * Kwamitin Jihar Anambra na Kyakkyawan Shugabanci (2007– 2014). * Hangen nesa na jihar Anambra 2020 (2009–2014) Stella Chinyere Okunna kuma ta yi aiki a matsayinta na mai wadatar zuci kuma mai ba da shawara ga kungiyoyi da yawa da suka hada da; * UNICEF * UNFPA * [[UNESCO]] * DFID * FHI 360 * SFH (Societyungiyar don Kiwan Lafiya ta Iyali) * NUJ * NAWOJ * Erich Brost Institute for International Journalism a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Dortmund a Jamus * NGE (Kungiyar Editocin Najeriya) * - CIRDDOC (Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki da Cibiyar Ba da Bayani), ===== Ayyukan al'umma ===== Karatunta kuma daga baya aikin farar hula ya fallasa ta ga buƙatun cikin al'umma da kuma yadda ɗaiɗaikun mutane, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu za su iya taimakawa da karfafa matasa don cimma burin ilimi. Ta hanyar wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ta kafa (Adimora-Okunna Scholarship Foundation, 2003), ta sami damar samo kuɗaɗe da samarwa; * Kuɗin makaranta ga waɗanda suka ɗauki matsayi na farko a makarantun sakandare biyu a Ukpo * Kuɗin makaranta don talakawa ɗaliban Ukpo a jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka  * Gina mai hawa ɗaya (ajujuwa da zauren jarabawa) a makarantar sakandaren Walter Eze Memorial, Ukpo. An gina wannan a cikin 2013 don tunawa da shekaru 10yrs na Adimora-Okunna Foundation  * Kyautar Farfesa Chinyere Stella Okunna na shekara-shekara don ɗalibin ɗalibin da ya fi karatu a fannin Sadarwa a Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe - Naira Dubu Hamsin (N50,000), * Kyautar Farfesa Chinyere Stella Okunna na shekara-shekara don ɗalibin da ya fi ɗalibi mai karatun digiri na kwalejin Kimiyyar Zamani - Naira Dubu Hamsin (N50,000)  * Kyautar Kyauta ta Annabi'ar 'Yan Jarida ta ƙungiyar' Yan Jaridu ta Najeriya (NUJ) a Jihar Anambra - Naira Dubu Hamsin (N50,000) *A yanzu (2020), Chinyere Stella Okunna ita ce Shugabar, reshen jihar Anambra na NIPR, Darakta a tashar UNIZIK 94.1FM Campus / Community Radio Station da kuma Farfesa a fannin Sadarwa a Jami’ar Nnamdi Azikiwe (UNIZIK), Awka. Har ila yau, ita ce Shugabar, Sensitization da kuma Yada labarai na rundunar da ke [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe. == Kyauta da yabo == Stella Chinyere Okunna ta samu amincewar ƙungiyoyin daban-daban da kuma masu neman zama babbar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa. Ita ce; * Abokina,, [https://iamcr.org/ ungiyar Editocin Najeriya] (NGE). * Dan uwa, [http://nipr.org.ng/ Cibiyar Kula da Hulda da Jama'a ta Nijeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029140254/http://nipr.org.ng/ |date=2020-10-29 }} (NIPR) * Memba, [https://iamcr.org/ Associationungiyar International for Media and Communication Research] (IAMCR) * Memba, Worldungiyar Duniya don Sadarwar Kirista (WACC)  * Memba, [http://www.accenigeria.org/acce/ Majalisar Ilimin Afirka ta Ilimin Sadarwa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727170755/http://www.accenigeria.org/acce/ |date=2020-07-27 }} (ACCE) * Memba na Kwamitin Amintattu, [https://www.acspn.com.ng/ Kungiyar Malaman Sadarwa da Kwararrun Najeriya] (ACSPN). * Memba na Hukumar Gudanarwa, Jami'ar Tansian * Kpakpando Ukpo (2003)  * Memba, Echi Oma Africa Foundation == Iyali == Chinyere Stella Okunna ta auri Eric Nwabuisi Okunna, ƙwararriyar likitar mata da haihuwa. Suna da yara shida (6) manya a fannoni daban daban da jikoki da yawa.  == Wallafa == Stella Chinyere Okunna tana da tarin masana ilimi da aka buga a cikin shekaru da yawa a cikin gida da kuma na ƙasashen duniya azaman labarai, littattafai, surori a cikin litattafai, rubutattun labarai / wallafe-wallafe lokaci-lokaci da kuma taron taro da suka haɗa da; 2018 - [https://www.worldcat.org/title/development-communication-in-governance-in-nigeria-people-at-the-centre-of-communication/oclc/1097459860 ''Sadarwar Ci Gaban a Gudanar da Mulki a Najeriya: Jama'a a Cibiyar Sadarwa?''] ^{Lakca na gabatarwa na} 43 na Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka Nigeria. 2017: Inganta Hulɗa da Kafafen Yada Labarai ta Practwararrun Publican hulɗa da Jama'a a cikin Shugabanci: Darasi daga Gwamnatin Peter Obi a Jihar Anambra, 2006-2014. ''Jaridar Hulda da Jama'a,'' Vol. 13, Lamba 1 & 2, 2017. 2017 ''':''' Matsayin Media don Gina Al'adun Salama (CS Okunna & M. Popoola). A cikin Pate, U. & Oso, L. (ed. ), ''[https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/sunday-trust/20170813/282303910238275 Al’adu daban-daban, Banbanci da Rikicin rahoto a Najeriya] .'' Ibadan: Evans Brothers Nigeria Limited 2017. 2017: "Ƙwarewar Sadarwa don Kasuwanci". A cikin Alex Ikeme (ed), ''Kasuwanci da Ci gaban Kasuwanci'' . Enugu: Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Duniya na Duniya, 2017. 2016: "Tattaunawa kan Social Media, Matasa da Kasuwanci a Najeriya" (CS Okunna & NM Emmanuel). A cikin JO Ezeokana et al (ed. ), ''Sabon Kafafen Yada Labarai da Gina Iko a Tattalin Arziki'' . Awka: Fab Anieh Nig. Ltd 2016. 2015 ''':''' ''Tsaron 'Yan Jarida a Najeriya.'' Abuja: UNESCO / NUJ, 2015 (CS Okunna & M. Popoola). 2012: ''Gabatarwa zuwa Sadarwa'' . Enugu: Littattafan Sabon Zamani, 2012 (An fara bugawa a 1994 daga ABIC Books, Enugu - marubuci guda; Bugu na biyu da aka buga a 1999 ta New Generation Books - mawallafi guda; Bugu na 3 da aka buga a 2012 da New Generation - wanda aka rubuta tare da KA Omenugha) . 2008: Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, Akida da Kasa: Labaran 'Yan Jarida a Najeriyar game da Rikicin Katun na Danmark (CS Okunna & KA Omenugha). ''Jaridar Media da Sadarwa'', Vol. 1 (1), 2008. 2007 ''':''' [https://web.a.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=01435558&asa=Y&AN=25350888&h=ilJZDdmKk6qqrpTXxsCdjpFB9GAXxVXQK5J8IZ65mVsPjflRc89Q4DrIG0q3ToFsT5YXis%2bees7dKM0FUbPoog%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d01435558%26asa%3dY%26AN%3d25350888 Addini Ya rauntata Rahoton Cutar Kanjamau a Nijeriya (CS Okunna & IV Dunu).] [https://web.a.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=01435558&asa=Y&AN=25350888&h=ilJZDdmKk6qqrpTXxsCdjpFB9GAXxVXQK5J8IZ65mVsPjflRc89Q4DrIG0q3ToFsT5YXis%2bees7dKM0FUbPoog%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d01435558%26asa%3dY%26AN%3d25350888 ''Ci gaban Media'' (Toronto, Ontario, Kanada: Worldungiyar Duniya don Sadarwar Kirista).] 2005 ''':''' " [https://oer.unn.edu.ng/read/re-inventing-media-content-in-nigeria-creating-a-balance-between-social-responsibility-and-business-concern-vol-2-no-1-2005 Sake ƙirƙirar Mediaunshin Media: ingirƙirar Daidaitawa tsakanin Matsayin Jama'a da Damuwa da Kasuwanci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114223650/https://oer.unn.edu.ng/read/re-inventing-media-content-in-nigeria-creating-a-balance-between-social-responsibility-and-business-concern-vol-2-no-1-2005 |date=2020-11-14 }} ". ''Jaridar Sadarwa ta Duniya'' . 2005 - Okunna, Stella Chinyere, Nwanguma, Edith & Kevin Ejiofor - [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/communicating-policy-reforms-between-the-government-the-press-and-the-people/ ''Sanar da sake fasalin manufofin: tsakanin gwamnati, 'yan jaridu da mutane.''] 2005 - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233517277_Women_as_invisible%27_as_ever_in_Nigeria%27s_news_media ''Mata: ba za a iya ganinsu ba kamar yadda yake a kafafen yada labarai na Najeriya''] 2004 - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265524551_Communication_and_Conflict_A_Commentary_on_the_Role_of_the_Media ''Sadarwa da rikici: sharhi ne game da rawar da kafafen yada labarai ke takawa''] 2002 (ed.) ) - ''Koyar da Sadarwar Sadarwa: Hanyar Hanyoyi Masu Yawa'' . 1996 - [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.604.7605&rep=rep1&type=pdf ''Nuna mata a fina-finan bidiyo na gida Najeriya: karfafawa ko mika wuya''] 1995 - [https://archive.ccrvoices.org/articles/small-participatory-media-technology-as-an-agent-of-social-change-in-nigeria-a-non-existent-option.html ''technologyaramar fasahar watsa labaru mai zaman kanta a matsayin wakiliyar canjin zamantakewa a Najeriya: zaɓi ne da babu shi?''] [[File:Prof_Chinyere_Stella_Okunnna_2.jpg|alt=|thumb| Farfesa Chinyere Stella Okunna]] 1995 - ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/ethics-of-mass-communication/oclc/744633743 Halayyar Sadarwa]'' 1994 - Chinyere Stella Okunna, Itsejuwa Esanjumi Sagay, Mallam Lawan Danbazau. ''Horar da Sadarwa da Aiwatarwa a Najeriya: Batutuwa da Dabi'u'', Batutuwa 1-4 1993 - CSOkunna, C. Amafili, da N. Okunna (Eds. ). ''Ka'idar aiki da sanarwar sanarwa.'' ABIC. Enugu 1993: ''Ka'idar da Ayyukan Sadarwa.'' Enugu: Littattafan ABIC, 1993 (Edita daga CS Okunna, C. Amafili & SN Okenwa). 1993 - Onuora, Emmanuel & Okunna, Chinyere & Ayo, Johnson. [https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=Q00007380 ''Amfani da Kafafen Yada Labarai, Ilimin Al'amuran Duniya da Hoton Al'umma Tsakanin Matasan Najeriya'' .] 1992 - [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/La-Faculte-Feminine-dans-l-'-Education-au-Nigeria-%3A-Okunna/19e046177176fcbbd6bf00b73c64de729bf45eda ''Makarantar Mata a Ilimin Aikin Jarida a Najeriya: Tasirin matsayin mata a cikin al'umma''] 1992: ''Kwalejin Mata a Ilimin Aikin Jarida a Najeriya: Tasirin Matsayin Mata a Kungiyar'' . ''Binciken Media na Afirka'' (Nairobi: ACCE), Vol. 6, A'a. 1, 1992. 1992: [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Sources-of-Development-Information-among-Rural-in-A-Okunna/685998fef2f3a3d926dffb133d6cb93d8bc25f98 ''Sadarwa don dogaro da kai tsakanin Matan karkara a Najeriya.''] ''Ci gaban Media'' (London: Worldungiyar Duniya don Sadarwar Kirista). Vol. 1, 1992. 1991: ''Canje-canjen Ƙa'idodin Ilimin'' ''Aikin Jarida da Recaukar Ma'aikata'' ''a Nijeriya'' ''CAEJAC Journal'' (Ontario: Journal of Commonwealth Association for Education in Journalism and Communication - CAEJAC), Vol. 3, 1990/1991. 1990 ''':''' ''<nowiki/>'Yancin' Yan Jarida a Duniya Ta Uku: 'Yanci Ga Wanene'' ? Jaridar 'Nigerian Mass of Mass Communication' '','' Vol. 1, A'a. 1, 1990. == Manazartai == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * http://docplayer.net/31086135-Curriculum-vitae-institutional-affiliation-nnamdi-azikiwe-university-awka-anambra-state-nigeria.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009102837/http://docplayer.net/31086135-Curriculum-vitae-institutional-affiliation-nnamdi-azikiwe-university-awka-anambra-state-nigeria.html |date=2023-10-09 }} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0cln0frnasdvoxs9zwc0gi1ezvr0nna 0 20255 839446 839296 2026-05-23T18:42:10Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347068462|Amina (2021 film)]]" 839446 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. Fim din ya fara ne da duel tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma . Bayan ta ga yakin, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana so ta zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo tare da juriya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Makircin ya ci gaba ne a kan abubuwan da suka haifar da hawan Amina zuwa kursiyin Zazzau . == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s5gfs9cswgwq5ul2bu13wyegw80hyhq 839447 839446 2026-05-23T18:43:07Z Najeebyusuf 45048 839447 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. Fim din ya fara ne da duel tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma . Bayan ta ga yakin, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana so ta zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo tare da juriya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Makircin ya ci gaba ne a kan abubuwan da suka haifar da hawan Amina zuwa kursiyin Zazzau . == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} aivz2tj3z9pm1ni8irisr7r7d97lx0e 839464 839447 2026-05-23T19:04:55Z Em-mustapha 6594 Reverted 2 edits by [[Special:Contributions/Najeebyusuf|Najeebyusuf]] ([[User talk:Najeebyusuf|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal) 839464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. == Makirci == Fim din ya fara ne da duel tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma . Bayan ta ga yakin, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana so ta zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo tare da juriya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Makircin ya ci gaba ne a kan abubuwan da suka haifar da hawan Amina zuwa kursiyin Zazzau . == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh == Karɓar baƙi == An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="13" |2022 | rowspan="13" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |Clarion Chukwura|{{Nom}} | rowspan="13" | |- |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |Magaji Mijinyawa|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Daraktan Fasaha |Tunji Afolayan|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai tsara kayan ado |Millicent T. Jack|{{Won}} |- |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau |Stanley Ibegbu Okechukwu|{{Nom}} |- |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Jim Lively da James Nelson|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Sauti |Dabs Agwom|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen |Dagogo Diminas da Gabriel Okorie Gabazzini|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Marubuci |Frank Chinedu Uba|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai shirya fina-finai |Peter Kreil, Wale Adebayo, Samuel Jonathan da Moruf Fadaro|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka |Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim |Izu Ojukwu da Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Won}} |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Izu Ojukwu|{{Nom}} |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> s3rk1tan24ynsuexfp4tk7mp4v268re 839466 839464 2026-05-23T19:05:24Z Em-mustapha 6594 Restored revision 820087 by [[Special:Contributions/Em-mustapha|Em-mustapha]] ([[User talk:Em-mustapha|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal) 839466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amina''' suna, asali daga larabci; <br>ʾĀmina آمنة <br>ʾAmīna أمينة : آمنة (ʾĀmina) <br/>أمينة (ʾAmīna): ;Suna: mace ; ma'ana = آمنة (ʾĀmina): ''mai aminci, keɓantacce''<br/>أمينة (ʾAmīna): ''aminci, gaskiya, mai gaskiya, amintacciya, mai amana, amana, mai biyayyar addini'' ; yanki = ko'ina ;asali = [[Larabci]] ; nau'in sunan = Aminah, Aminat, Aminas, Aminna, Amiina, Amine, Aminka, Aminke, Amines, Aminei, Aminata, Amiwata '''Amina''' (ko '''Aminah''') nau'in sunaye biyu ne na yadda ake rubuta sunan: * '''ʾĀmina''' (larabci: آمنة, ko kuma da turanci ''Aaminah'' ko ''[[Amna]]'') ma'ana "mai aminci, keɓantacce'" * '''ʾAmīna''' (larabci: أمينة, ko turanci ''Ameena''), nau'in sunan namiiji [[Amin (suna)|Amin]], ma'ana "mai amainci, amintacce, bawan Allah [[Iman (musulunci)|Iman]]". Sunan ya shahara a [[Nigeria]] ganin suna ne na sarauniya [[Amina ta Zazzau]], shaharararriyar Sarauniyar ƙasar [[Mutanen Hausawa|Hausa]] . Haka a ƙasashen [[Cameroon]] da [[Niger]]. ai2cegbru9kjyi9po5oawr6bt1hbg1a 0 21130 839629 496666 2026-05-24T10:22:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 11 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:THE LAW OF EVIDENCE IN NIGERIA 1966.pdf|thumb|Shaidar dokar nigeria]] [[Fayil:230125-N-DK722-1011 - U.S. Military, alongside Benin and Nigerian Navy and Police Force, conduct VBSS Training.jpg|thumb|hoton sojin nigera]] [[Fayil:Federal High Court of Nigeria. Statue at Abuja (Back view).jpg|thumb|inda ake yanke doka]] '''Dokar Nijeriya ta''' ƙunshi kotuna, laifuka, da nau'ikan dokoki daban-daban. Nijeriya tana da nata kundin tsarin mulki wanda aka kafa a ranar 29 ga Mayun shekara ta 1999. Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Najeriya shine babbar dokar ƙasar. Akwai hudu jinsin doka da tsarin a [[Najeriya]], da suka hada da Turanci dokar, Common dokar, m dokar, kuma [[Shari'a|Sharia Law]]. Dokar Ingilishi a Najeriya ta samo asali ne daga mulkin mallaka na Najeriya, yayin da dokar gama gari ci gaba ce daga samun 'yancinta na mulkin mallaka. Dokar Al'adar ta samo asali ne daga ƙa'idodi da al'adun gargajiya na asali, gami da tarurrukan sasanta rikice-rikice na ƙungiyoyin ɓoye na ƙasar Yarbawa kafin mulkin mallaka da Èkpè da Okónkò na Igboland da [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibioland]] .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}} [[Shari'a|Dokokin Sharia]] ''(wanda aka fi sani da Shari'ar Musulunci)'' ana amfani da shi ne kawai a [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Nijeriya]], inda [[Musulunci|Islama]] ke da fifikon [[addini]] . Musulmai ma suna amfani dashi a cikin [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas.]] Ƙasar tana da reshe na shari'a, babbar kotun ta ita ce [[Kotun Ƙoli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Ƙoli ta Najeriya]] . * Dokar '''Laifuka ta Najeriya''' a halin yanzu itace babi na 77 na dokokin tarayyar Najeriya a shekara ta 1990; ya shafi jihohin kudu ne kawai, jihohin da Kiristoci suka mamaye tun daga shekarar 1963. Ya samo asali ne daga lambar mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da Babban Kwamishina [[Frederick Lugard|Frederick Lugard ya gabatar, na farko Baron Lugard]] a cikin shekara ta 1904, ya zama Dokar Laifuka ta 1916, an sanya ta a matsayin babi na 42 a cikin Dokokin Tarayyar Nijeriya na shekara ta 1958; har zuwa shekara ta 1959 kawai ya shafi jihohin arewacin Najeriya, amma tun daga shekara ta 1963 kawai ya shafi jihohin kudancin Najeriya. * '''Dokar hukunta laifuka ta Najeriya, wacce''' aka fi sani da '''Penal Code na Arewacin Najeriya''', a halin yanzu babi na 89 ne na Dokokin Arewacin Najeriya na shekara ta 1963; ya shafi jihohin arewa ne kawai, waɗanda musulmai suka fi rinjaye tun daga 1960. Tun asali an gabatar da shi ne a ranar 30 ga Satumbar shekara ta 1960, wanda aka samo daga Kundin Tsarin Hukunci na Sudan, wanda shi kuma ya samo asali daga Dokar Hukunci ta Indiya . == Matsayi na Tsarin Dokar Najeriya == Tsarin mulkin Nijeriya ya amince da kotuna a matsayin kotunan Tarayya ko na Jiha. Bambancin farko tsakanin su shine Shugaban ƙasa yana nada alkalai / alkalai a kotunan tarayya, yayin da Gwamnonin Jihohi ke nada alkalai a kotunan jihohi. Duk naɗin da aka yi (na tarayya ne ko na jiha) sun dogara ne da shawarwarin Majalisar Kula da Harkokin Shari'a ta Ƙasa . Kotunan Tarayya sune: Kotun Ƙoli, Kotun Daukaka Kara da kuma Babbar Kotun Tarayya. Kotunan Jihohi sun haɗa da: Babbar Kotun Jiha, Kotun daukaka ƙara ta gargajiya da wata Kotun daukaka kara ta wata Jiha. Kowane ɗayan jihohin (a halin yanzu talatin da shida) yana da izinin tsarin mulki ya mallaki duk waɗannan kotunan. Koyaya, jihohin arewacin musulmai akasari suna da kotunan Shari'a maimakon kotunan Al'adu. Jihohin kudu maso kudu wadanda galibinsu mabiya addinin kirista ne suna da kotunan Al'adu ba kotunan Shari'a ba. Saboda kasancewar babban birnin Najeriya (wanda aka fi sani da gari mai farin ciki ko Babban Birnin Tarayya, FCT) ba jiha bane, bashi da Gwamna. Kotunan da suke dai-dai da kotunan jihohi suna da Shugaban ƙasa ya naɗa Alƙalai don haka kotunan tarayya ne. Kotunan babban birnin tarayya sune: Babbar Kotun FCT, Kotun daukaka kara ta Al'adar na FCT da Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Shari'a ta FCT === Tier 1 Kotun: Kotun Ƙoli === [[Kotun Ƙoli Ta Najeriya|Kotun Ƙoli ta Najeriya]] ita ce babbar kotu a Najeriya. An kafa shi ne a babban birnin tarayya, [[Abuja]] . Kotun Koli ne yafi wani kotu na kotun ɗaukaka ƙara, kuma shi ne ƙarshe roko kotu a kasar. Hakanan yana da ikon asali a cikin vs. Jiha da Jvs. Shari'o'in Gwamnatin Tarayya. Kotun ƙoli tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani Alkalin Alkalai wanda wasu Alƙalai ke taimaka masa. Nadin Babban Alkalin Alkalai da Alkalai na bukatar tabbatarwa da Majalisar Dattawa. === Tier 2 Kotun: Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara === [http://www.courtofappeal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=106 Kotun daukaka kara na] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330075632/http://www.courtofappeal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=106 |date=2022-03-30 }} gaba ita ce Kotun daukaka kara, a Abuja. Koyaya, don kusantar da adalci ga mutane, Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara tana da rarrabuwa da yawa (a halin yanzu goma sha shida) a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. Shugaban Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara yana da taken Shugaban Kotun Daukaka Kara. Alkalai ne ke taimaka masa / ta. Nadin Shugaban Kotun daukaka kara ne kawai ke bukatar tabbatar da Majalisar Dattawa. Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ne yafi wani kotu na kotun] aukaka} iko, duk da haka shi yana da asali iko ga shugaban ƙasa da kuma mataimakin-zaɓen shugaban kasa koke-koke. Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Tarayya ita ce inda tsarin shari'a da yawa (Ingilishi, Al'adu da Sharia) na Najeriya suka hadu. An tsarin mulkin kasar da ake bukata a yi a kalla uku Mahukunta wanda suke masana a al'ada da doka da akalla uku Mahukunta wanda suke masana a Musulunci '''sirri''' dokar. Ana iya ɗaukaka ƙara kan hukuncin daga kotu na 2, zuwa Kotun Ƙoli. === Kotuna na Tier 3 === Ƙasa da Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara na Tarayya su ne kotuna na uku. Sun haɗa da: (1) Babbar Kotun Tarayya da (2) Babbar Kotun koli ta wata [https://www.fhc-ng.com/about.htm e / FCT, (3) Kotun daukaka kara ta Gargajiya ta wata jiha / FCT da (4) Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Shari'a ta wata jiha / Babban birnin tarayya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213655/https://www.fhc-ng.com/about.htm |date=2021-06-11 }} [https://www.fhc-ng.com/about.htm Babbar Kotun Tarayya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213655/https://www.fhc-ng.com/about.htm |date=2021-06-11 }} tana Abuja. Domin kusantar da adalci ga mutane yana da rarrabuwa a cikin kowace jihohi talatin da shida na ƙasar. Babbar Kotun Tarayya gaba daya kotu ce ta asalin iko . Koyaya, tana da ikon ɗaukaka ƙara daga kotuna kamar su [http://tat.gov.ng/ Kotun Roko na Haraji] . Babban Alkali ne ke jagorantar ta wanda wasu Alkalai ke taimaka masa. Babbar Kotun jihar / FCT ita ce babbar kotun shari'a ta Ingilishi a cikin wata ƙasa ko FCT. Babbar Kotun jihar / FCT da Babban Kotun Tarayya suna da iko iri ɗaya. Dangane da cewa akwai rarrabuwa a babbar kotun tarayya a kowace jiha kuma kowacce jiha tana da nata Babbar Kotun, yawanci ana samun rudani game da wace kotu ce. Misali, a cikin jihar Legas, akwai Babbar Kotun Tarayya, Lagos da wata Babbar Kotun ta Legas (wani lokacin ana kiranta da Babban Kotun Jihar Legas). Babban Alkali ne ke jagorantar sa wanda wasu Alkalai ke taimaka masa. Kotun Ɗaukaka Ƙara ta Al'adu ta wata Jiha / FCT ita ce mafi girman kotun shari'ar Al'adu a cikin wata Jiha / FCT. Alkalin ne ke jagorantar sa wanda yake da taken: Shugaban Kotun daukaka kara ta Al`ada na jihar / FCT kuma wasu Alkalai suna taimaka masa. [https://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.odid.ox.ac.uk/files/Sharia%20-%20POLICY%20BRIEF%20ONE%20Final%20Version.pdf Kotun daukaka kara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606085454/https://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/sites/www.odid.ox.ac.uk/files/Sharia%20-%20POLICY%20BRIEF%20ONE%20Final%20Version.pdf |date=2021-06-06 }} na Shari'a na wata jiha / FCT ita ce kotun shari'ar Musulunci mafi girma a cikin wata jiha / FCT. [https://nigerian-constitution.com/chapter-7-part-2-section-276-appointment-of-grand-kadi-and-kadis-of-the-sharia-court-of-appeal-of-a-state/ Wata babbar Khadi] ce ke jagorantarta wacce wasu Khadis ke taimaka mata. Ana iya daukaka kara kan hukunce-hukuncen daga kotuna na 3 zuwa kotun ta 2 (Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Tarayya). === Kotuna na Tier 4: Kotunan Jiha === Kananan kotuna a kasar duk kotunan jihohi ne (babu kotun tarayya a cikin wannan kungiyar). Sun hada da (i) Kotunan Majistare da ke daukar kararrakin shari’ar Turanci (ii) Kotunan Gargajiya da ke kula da shari’o’in Gargajiya da (iii) Kotunan Sharia da ke kula da Shari’a. Ana iya daukaka kara daga kotuna na 4 kawai zuwa manyan kotuna na uku (misali hukunce-hukunce daga Kotun Magistrates ta Ingila za a iya daukaka kara ne kawai zuwa kotun doka ta Ingilishi ta uku (Babban Kotun jihar / FCT). === Sauran Kotuna === Akwai kotunan zabe guda biyu wadanda suka hada da: (1) Kotunan zaben majalisar kasa da ke kula da korafe-korafe daga zaben Majalisar Dattawa da na Wakilai da (2) Gwamna da Kotunan Zabe na Yan Majalisu wadanda ke magance kararraki daga Gubernatorial da Majalisar Dokokin Jiha zabe. Shugaban Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Tarayya ne ya kafa kotunan zaben tare da tuntubar manyan Alkalan manyan kotunan jihohi, Shugabannin Kotunan Alkalai na Gargajiya na jihohin da / ko Grand Khadis na Kotunan daukaka kara na Sharia na jihohin. ==== Code of ምግባር Kotun ==== An kafa Kotun Codea'idar byabi'a ta Chaptera'idar C15 Code of Conduct Bureau da kuma Dokar Kotun, mai lamba 1 na shekara ta 1989 Dokokin Tarayyar Najeriya, 2004 tare da ranar da za a fara 1 Janairun shekara ta 1991, wanda "ya tanadi kafa dokar Gudanar da Ofishin da Kotun don magance korafe-korafen na cin hanci da rashawa da ma’aikatan gwamnati ke yi saboda karya dokokin ta. Kotun Code of Conduct Tribunal (CCT) za ta kunshi shugaba da wasu mambobi biyu, wadanda shugaban su zai kasance mutumin da ya rike ko ya cancanci rike mukamin a matsayin Alkalin babban kotun daukaka kara a Najeriya kuma zai samu irin wannan ladar kamar doka zata iya bada umarni. Shugaban da sauran mambobin Kotun za a nada su ne bisa Shugabancin Majalisar Shawara ta Kasa. Wa'adin ofishin shugaban CCT da membobinsa zai kare idan ya cika shekaru saba'in. Ba za a cire mutumin da ke rike da mukamin shugaba ko memba na Kotun Code of Conduct Tribunal daga ofishin sa ko nadin sa ba sai a kan adireshin da ya goyi bayan kashi biyu cikin uku na kowace Majalisar Dokoki ta Nijeriya ta yi addu’ar ya zama don haka an cire shi saboda rashin iya gudanar da ayyukan ofis din da ake magana akai (ko hakan ya samo asali ne daga rashin lafiyar hankali ko jiki) ko don rashin da'a ko kuma keta dokar. Ba za a cire mutumin da ke rike da mukamin shugaba ko memba na Kotun ba daga mukaminsa kafin ya yi ritaya, sai dai bisa tanadin sashin dokar. <ref>{{Cite web |title="CODE OF CONDUCT BUREAU AND TRIBUNAL ACT" |url=http://lawnigeria.com/LawsoftheFederation/CODE-OF-CONDUCT-BUREAU-AND-TRIBUNAL-ACT.html |access-date=2021-06-11 |archive-date=2019-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509171447/http://lawnigeria.com/LawsoftheFederation/CODE-OF-CONDUCT-BUREAU-AND-TRIBUNAL-ACT.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya ɗaukaka hukunci daga Kotun duabi'a zuwa kotun ta 2 (Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta Tarayya). == Sharia == '''[[Shari'a|Sharia]]''' ''(wanda aka fi sani da '''shari'ar Islama''' )'' doka ce da ake amfani da ita a arewacin musulmin kasar. Shari'a, ma'ana "hanya" ko "hanya" a cikin dokar addini ta Musulunci, ta kasance a Nijeriya na dogon lokaci. ''Dokar shari’ar farar hula'' an sanya ta a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Nijeriya daban-daban tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai. Tsarin mulki na kwanan nan ya fara aiki a cikin shekara ta 1999. Bayan dawowar kasar ga mulkin demokradiyya a shekara ta 1999, wasu daga cikin jihohin arewacin kasar wadanda galibinsu musulmai ne suka kafa ''cikakkiyar'' shari'ar musulunci (mai laifi da na farar hula). An fara amfani da ''cikakkiyar'' [[Zamfara|shari'ar musulunci a Zamfara]] a karshen shekara ta 1999 kuma dokar ta fara aiki a watan Janairun 2000. Tun daga wannan lokacin wasu jihohi goma sha daya suka bi sahu. Wadannan jihohin sune [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Borno]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Jigawa]], [[Yobe]], da [[Kebbi]] . == Jerin ayyuka da hukunce-hukunce == Mai zuwa jerin dokoki da ayyukan da Majalisar Kasa ta ƙirƙira sune kamar haka: === Ayyukan Majalisar Kasa === * Dokokin Dokokin Canji [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/boe127/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213658/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/boe127/ |date=2021-06-11 }} (1917) * ''Dokar Dokar Wutar Lantarki 1929.'' * Dokar Anatomy [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/ajd267/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213657/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/ajd267/ |date=2021-06-11 }} (1933) * ''Kamfanin Wutar Lantarki na Dokar Nijeriya 1950.'' A'a. 15. * Dokar Tabbatar da Ayyuka [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aa185/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213657/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aa185/ |date=2021-06-11 }} (1962) * ''Dokar Niger Dams ta 1962.'' * ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa Dokar 1972.'' A'a 24. * Dokar Fatarar Kuɗi [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/b121/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213659/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/b121/ |date=2021-06-11 }} (1979) * ''Hukumar Makamashi ta Najeriya ta yanke hukunci 1989.'' A'a. 19 * ''Dokar Hukumar Makamashi ta Najeriya Dokar 1988.'' Babu 32 * ''Dokar wutar lantarki 1990'' * ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa (NEPA) ta Dokar 1990.'' * Dokar sasantawa da sulhu [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aac244/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213655/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aac244/ |date=2021-06-11 }} (1998) * ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa (Kwaskwarimar) Dokar 1998.'' A'a 29. '''Majalisa ta 4: 1999 - 2003''' * Tsarin mulkin tarayyar Najeriya 1999 * Dokar Code of Criminal [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/cca115/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213702/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/cca115/ |date=2021-06-11 }} * Dokar Penal Code * Dokar 'Yancin Yara na 2003 * ''Dokar Hukumar Wutar Lantarki ta Kasa ta 2004.'' * ''Dokar Sashin wutar lantarki (EPSR) Dokar 2005.'' A'a. 6. '''Majalisa ta 5th: 2003 - 2007''' * Dokar Hukumar Raya kungiyoyin orderasashe orderungiyoyi, 2003 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/document/download/5850|title=Border Communities Development Agency Act, 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/document/download/5815|title=Public Procurement Act}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/document/download/7861|title=Federal Capital Territory Internal Revenue Service Act, 2015}}</ref> '''8th Parliament: 2015 - 2019''' * Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition), (Enforcement And Administration) Act, 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nassnig.org/document/download/7857|title=Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition), (Enforcement And Administration) Act, 2015}}</ref> === Dokokin Gwamnatin Soja ta Tarayya === * Hukumar Makamashi ta Najeriya ta zartar da hukunci 1979. No. 62 * Wutar lantarki (Kwaskwarima) Dokar 1998. * NEPA (Kwaskwarimar) Dokar 1998. * Dokar Bayar da Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci na 1988. A'a. 25. * Gudanar da Hukumar Shari'a ta Yanke 1991 (Babu 55) [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aojcd404/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213655/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/aojcd404/ |date=2021-06-11 }} * Dokar ikon zartar da hukunci a 1991 (Babu 59) [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/ajd267/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213657/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/ajd267/ |date=2021-06-11 }} * Bankuna da Sauran Cibiyoyin Kudi Sun zartar da hukuncin 1991 [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/baofid390/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213703/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/baofid390/ |date=2021-06-11 }} * Babban Dokar Babban Bankin Najeriya 1991 [http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/cbond199/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611213655/http://www.commonlii.org/ng/legis/num_act/cbond199/ |date=2021-06-11 }} (Babu 24) * Dokar Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Musamman. * Dokar Amfani da 197asa ta 1978 * Dokar Man Fetur 1978. == Horar da doka == * Duba [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Koyon Doka ta Najeriya]] . * Duba [[Jami'ar Benin]] * Duba Jami'ar Abuja * Duba Jami'ar Legas * duba Jami'ar Ibadan * duba [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Nijeriya, Nsukka]] * duba Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe * duba Jami'ar Afe Babalola * duba [https://www.unimaid.edu.ng/ Jami'ar Maiduguri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614124229/https://unimaid.edu.ng/ |date=2021-06-14 }} * duba Jami'ar Nile na Najeriya == Laifi == Duba wadannan: * Kai Hare-hare * Baturi * Rantsuwa * Cin mutuncin addini == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.commonlii.org/resources/2163.html Albarkatun kan dokar Najeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019081934/http://commonlii.org/resources/2163.html |date=2021-10-19 }} akan CommonLII * [https://www.loc.gov/law/help/guide/nations/nigeria.php Jagora ga Dokar Kan Layi - Najeriya] daga Laburaren Majalisa == Manazarta == [[Category:Lauyoyi yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Lauyoyi]] [[Category:Lauyoyin Najeriya a karni na 21st]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin Lauyoyi ta Najeriya]] [[Category:Tarihin Najeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4flw54gcgbaov00cmojam1vru32uiml 4 21908 839517 839179 2026-05-23T21:27:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 839517 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Xluvu|Xluvu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Xluvu|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Hausa Afirka|Hausa Afirka]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hausa Afirka|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Tinovitš|Tinovitš]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tinovitš|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:GTheChris|GTheChris]] |[[Special:Contributions/GTheChris|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Kweetal nl|Kweetal nl]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kweetal nl|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Eaglemorini|Eaglemorini]] |[[Special:Contributions/Eaglemorini|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Draconhs|Draconhs]] |[[Special:Contributions/Draconhs|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Jinbo4514|Jinbo4514]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jinbo4514|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Sodks|Sodks]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sodks|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Fadelski|Fadelski]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fadelski|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Barjingue5|Barjingue5]] |[[Special:Contributions/Barjingue5|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Jasper Chu|Jasper Chu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jasper Chu|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |13 |[[User:רונאלדיניו המלך|רונאלדיניו המלך]] |[[Special:Contributions/רונאלדיניו המלך|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Gradyindie|Gradyindie]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gradyindie|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Zulkarnaini Abubakar|Zulkarnaini Abubakar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zulkarnaini Abubakar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Ronald labajo|Ronald labajo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ronald labajo|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Abdulbasilawal|Abdulbasilawal]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdulbasilawal|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Tobías Sotelo|Tobías Sotelo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tobías Sotelo|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Thomas.maeder|Thomas.maeder]] |[[Special:Contributions/Thomas.maeder|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Sultan Abdul sultan|Sultan Abdul sultan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sultan Abdul sultan|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Asunke|Asunke]] |[[Special:Contributions/Asunke|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Canaryzzz|Canaryzzz]] |[[Special:Contributions/Canaryzzz|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Alqarasey|Alqarasey]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alqarasey|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |} 8skux9ncwkbkqm1cjoyqeei1jwmh046 2 21909 839418 530245 2026-05-23T17:15:23Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ + 839418 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Cartoon_Robot.svg|right|158px|link=]] {{Bot|Ammarbot}} '''Barka da zuwa shafi na.''' Ni ba mutum bane, robot ne da ke taimakawa a wajen tafiyar da Hausa Wikipedia. Na iya magana da Hausa kamar jakin Kano. A iya sani na, nine robot na farko mai magana da Hausa a Wikipedia. Bana gajiya da aiki domin ina aiki ba dare ba rana. Ina samun kuzari na ne daga cincirondon na'urorin komfutocin Wikimedia Toolforge. Sannan ina aiki daga komfutar MacBook Air a wasu lokutan. Ni robot ne mai son zama lafiya da kuma fatan bunƙasar Wikipedia ta Hausa dama harshen Hausa baki ɗaya! Wanda ya ƙirƙire ni shine [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. In kuna neman ƙarin bayani a kaina, ku tambaye shi a shafin shi na Wikipedia ko kuma ta hanyar saƙon email zuwa ga ammar[[File:At sign.svg|13px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimediahausa.org. lpkaoiblgswe1ah1lnl19fcz5fe2354 0 22387 839555 813938 2026-05-24T02:24:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:CSU salary.jpg|thumb|Daidaiton Albashi]] [[File:It%27s_Time_For_Equal_Pay_For_Equal_Work_(Gillibrand_2020).png |thumb|It's Time For Equal Pay For Equal Work ]] '''Daidaiton albashi don aikin daidai''' shine batun [[Hakkin ma'aikata na shiga bayan gida|haƙƙin ma'aikata]] wanda za'a baiwa mutane a wurin aiki guda albashi ɗaya.Kuma an fi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin nuna wariyar jinsi, dan gane da bambancin biyan jinsi . Daidaita albashi ya shafi cikakken adadin biyan da fa'idodi, gami da biyan kuɗi na yau da kullun, biyan bashin albashi, kari da alawus. Wasu ƙasashe sun yi ƙaura fiye da na wasu don magance daidaiton albashi. == Tarihin farko == [[File:President_John_F._Kennedy_Signs_the_Equal_Pay_Act_(14006725897).jpg|left|thumb|Shugaba [[John F. Kennedy]] ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Biya Daidai ]] Yayin da aikin kwadago ya zama gama-gari a lokacin juyin juya halin Masana'antu, galibi ana biyan mata ƙasa da takwarorinsu na maza don wannan aiki, ko don wani dalili bayyanan ne cewa su mata ne ko kuma a ƙarƙashin wani dalili. Ka'idar dai-daiton albashi don aiki iri ɗaya ya taso ne a sames ɓangaren farko na mata, tare da ƙoƙarin farko na samun albashi daidai yana da nasaba da gwagwarmayar ƙungiyar kwadago a ƙarni na goma sha tara a ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu: misali, jerin yajin aiki da mata masu haɗin kai a cikin [[Birtaniya]] a cikin shekara ta( 1830s. ) Matsin lamba daga Ƙungiyoyin Kwadago na da tasiri iri daban-daban, inda a wasu lokuta ƙungiyoyin kwadago ke ƙarfafa ra'ayin mazan jiya. Carrie Ashton Johnson ' yar asalin Amurka ce wacce ta danganci albashi daidai da na mata a cikin ma'aikatun masana'antu game da batun zaɓen mata . A cikin shekarar (1895) jaridar Chicago Tribune ta naƙalto tana cewa, "Idan aka ba wa mata kuri'a, za a samu albashi dai-dai wa daida." Koyaya, bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da majalisun dokoki na ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu kamfanoni, guraren aiki, a hankali suka rungumi ƙa'idar daidaita biyan albashi don aikin dai-dai; Misali ɗaya na wannan tsari shi ne gabatarwar Ingilishi na Dokar Daidaita Doka ta (1970) don amsa duka ga Yarjejeniyar Rome da yajin aikin mashin ɗin Ford na shekarata (1968) A cikin recentan shekarun nan ƙungiyoyin kwadagon Turai gaba ɗaya suna matsa lamba ga jihohi da masu ba da aiki don ci gaba ta wannan hanyar. == Dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya. == A dokar kare haƙƙin bil adama ta ƙasa da ƙasa, sanarwa kan biyan ɗaya dai-dai ita ce Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dai-daita ta 1951, Yarjejeniyar 100 ta Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya, ƙungiyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana cewa :: Kowane Memba zai, ta hanyar dacewa da hanyoyin aiki don kayyade adadin albashi sa ba ka dai, zai inganta kuma, gwargwadon yadda ya dace da irin wadannan hanyoyin, tabbatar da aikace-aikacen ga dukkan ma'aikata ka'idar samun lada daidai ga maza da mata ma'aikata don aiki na daidai darajar. [[File:Money in notes.jpg|thumb|Kudi da ake Albashi da su]] Haka kuma an biya albashi daidai don aiki daidai da Mataki na 7 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu, <ref>''[[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]], article 7''</ref> Mataki na 4 na Yarjejeniyar Zamantakewa ta Turai, <ref>''[[European Social Charter]]: Part II, Article 4, section 4''</ref> da Mataki na 15 na Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Hakkokin' Yan Adam da na Jama'a . <ref>''[[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]], Article 15''</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ya kuma yi shelar "ka'idojin samun daidaiton albashi don daidai wa daida". Ƙa'idojin kariya huɗu na EEOC suna ba da izini ba daidai ba don aiki daidai lokacin da aka saita albashi "bisa ga (i) tsarin manya; (ii) tsarin cancanta; (iii) tsarin da ke auna yawan kuɗi ta hanyar amfani da su na yau da kullum; ko ( iv) ... duk wani abu banda jima'i. " <ref name="EEOC">U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. [http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/publications/fs-epa.cfm ''EEOC Facts About Equal Pay and Compensation Discrimination''], accessed on August 26, 2011.</ref> Bambancin albashi saboda ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan ba ya keta yarjejeniyar. == Halin doka ta hanyar iko. == === Tarayyar Turai / Yankin Tattalin Arzikin Turai === Bayan Yaƙin Turai ya ga daidaitaccen tsari game da shigar mata cikin kasuwar kwadago da dokoki don inganta albashi dai-dai na aiki iri daya a duk ƙasashen Gabas da Yamma. Wasu ƙasashe da ke cikin EU yanzu, gami da Faransa, Jamus, da Poland, sun riga sun tsara ƙa'idar biyan kuɗi daidai don aiki daidai a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin su kafin kafuwar EU (duba jadawalin da ke ƙasa). Lokacin da Economicungiyar Tattalin Arziƙin Turai, daga baya [[Tarayyar Turai]] (EU), aka kafa a cikin 1957, maƙasudin biyan kuɗi daidai don aiki iri ɗaya an laƙaba shi a matsayin babbar mahimmanci daga cikin abubuwan da ake da su. Mataki na 141 na Yarjejeniyar Rome ta ce 'kowace Memberungiyar Memberasa za ta tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da ƙa'idar biyan kuɗi daidai ga mata da mata don aiki iri ɗaya ko aiki iri ɗaya.' Yayin da yake ci gaba da zamantakewar al'umma, wannan shawarar ba lallai ba ce ta nuna ɗabi'un ci gaba da yawa a tsakanin waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar: :: Duk da yake ana yawan kallon wannan a matsayin misali na ci gaban al'ummomin Turai, wasu suna jayayya cewa Mataki na 141 (a baya 119) an haɗa shi da yawa a matsayin sassauci ga Farantawa da suka riga suna da dokar biyan kuɗi daidai kuma suna tsoron za su kasance a kwatankwacin hasara. <ref>New JNCHES Equality Working Group, 'The Gender Pay Gap - A Literature Review', p. 7 fn. 15, citing Townsend-Smith, ''Sex Discrimination in Employment'' (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1989).</ref> An fayyace dokar EEC a cikin 1975, ta ɗaure da umarnin kai tsaye daidai na biyan albashi 75/117 / EEC. Wannan ya hana duk wani bambanci da kabilanci a dalilin jima'i dangane da biya; wannan da sauran umarnin an hade su cikin Umarni ɗaya a 2006 (2006/54 / EC). <ref>New JNCHES Equality Working Group, 'The Gender Pay Gap - A Literature Review', p. 7.</ref> A matakin ƙasa ƙa'idar daidaitaccen albashi gabaɗaya ya kasance cikakke cikakke a cikin dokokin ƙasashe membobin EU 28 da ƙarin ƙasashe na Yankin Tattalin Arziƙin Turai (EEA), Iceland, Liechtenstein da Norway. Candidateasashen candidatean takarar EU na Macedonia da Turkiyya suma sun dai-daita dokokinsu bisa ƙa'idodin EU. Babban dokar ƙasa game da daidaiton biyan kuɗi tsakanin maza da mata don ƙasashen Turai daban-daban kamar haka. {| class="wikitable" !Kasa ! Babban tanadin doka |- | Austria | Dokar 1979 kan Daidaita Daidaitawa a kan Maza da Mata (kamar yadda aka gyara tun) |- | Belgium | Doka ta 1999 game da Daidaitawar Kula da Maza da Mata (Labarai na 12 da 25) da Dokar Sarauta ta 9 Disamba 1975 |- | Bulgaria | Daidaita albashi don aikin daidai wanda aka haɗa a cikin lambar aiki |- | Jamhuriyar Czech | Biyan aiki don doka an tsara shi. 1/1992 Coll. kan biya, albashi na karin lokaci, da matsakaita kudin shiga da kuma Dokar ba. 43/1991 Coll. akan albashi da alawus na kari akan kari a jihar da wasu kungiyoyi da hukumomi. |- | Denmark | Dokar 1976 kan Daidaitawa Maza da Mata, kamar yadda aka yi kwaskwarima tun lokacin da ya haɗa da ƙarin maki |- | Kasar Finland | Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1995 (sashi na 5, sakin layi 4) da Dokar Daidaito tsakanin Maza da Mata (sashe na 8, sakin layi na 2) |- | Faransa | Tsarin Mulki na 1946 da Labarai L.140.2 kuma daga nan sai Dokar Ma'aikata |- | Jamus | Tsarin Mulki na 1949 ko "Dokar Asali" (Mataki na uku) |- | Girka | Tsarin Mulki na 1975 (Mataki na 22 (1)), kamar yadda aka gyara a 2001, da Doka 1484/1984 (Mataki na 4) |- | Hungary | Daidai da albashi don aiki iri daya a baya an sanya shi cikin kundin tsarin mulki, amma ya canza; yanzu akwai daidaito tsakanin maza da mata, kuma albashin yana cikin Dokar Kodago. |- | Iceland | Dokar Daidaita Daidaiton ta 1961 (# 60/1961), 1976 Doka don Daidaita tsakanin mata da maza (# 78/1976 ), Dokar 2008 kan Matsayin Daidaito da 'Yancin Daidaita Mata da Maza (# 10/2008) ) da kuma kwaskwarimar da aka kara wa dokar a shekarar 2017: Doka kan takardar shedar biyan kudi daidai gwargwadon Daidaitan Daidaitaccen Biyan da aka gabatar a shekarar 2012 (ÍST 85: 2012 ) |- | Ireland | Dokar Daidaito Aikin Kuɗi ta 1998 (IE9909144F), soke dokar 1974 na Anti-Nuna Bambanci (Biya) da Dokar Daidaito Aikin 1977 |- | Isra'ila | Dokar 1998 don Daidaitan Daidaitawa a Aiki da 1996 don Doka Daidaita wa Ma'aikata Mata da Maza Masu Aiki |- | Italiya | Tsarin Mulki (Labarai na 3 da 37), Doka 903/1977 (Mataki na 2), da Doka 125/1991 |- | Latvia | Daidaita albashi don aikin daidai wanda aka haɗa a cikin lambar aiki |- | Liechtenstein | Daidaita albashi don aikin daidai wanda aka haɗa a cikin lambar farar hula |- | Lithuania | Daidaita albashi don aikin daidai wanda aka haɗa a cikin lambar aiki |- | Luxembourg | Dokar 1981 da ta shafi daidaito tsakanin maza da mata da Dokar Grand-Ducal ta 1974 game da daidaita biyan maza da mata daidai (Labarai na 1, 2, 3 (1), 3 (2) da 4) |- | Malta | Tsarin Mulki (Mataki na 14) da Dokar Daidaito ga Maza da Mata |- | Netherlands | Tsarin Mulki (Mataki na 1) da Dokar 1994 game Daidaita Daidaitawa |- | Norway | Dokar 1978 kan Daidaitan Jinsi |- | Poland | Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1997, Fasali na II, Mataki na 33.2 ya tanadi daidaiton albashi don ka'idojin aiki daidai, wanda tuni ya kasance a cikin Tsarin Mulki na 1952. |- | Fotigal | Tsarin Mulki (Mataki na 59) da Doka ta 105/1997 da suka shafi daidaito a wurin aiki da aiki |- | Romania | Daidaita albashi don aikin daidai wanda aka kunsa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki |- | Slovakiya | Daidaita albashi don aikin daidai wanda aka kunsa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki |- | Spain | Tsarin Mulki (Mataki na 35) da Dokar Ma'aikata (Labarai na 17 da 28). |- | Sweden | Dokar 1980 akan Daidaito tsakanin maza da mata / Daidaita damar dama, kamar yadda aka yiwa kwaskwarima tun |- | Birtaniya | Dokar Daidaito Daidai ta 1970, kamar yadda Dokokin Daidaita Daidaita na 1983 suka yi kwaskwarima, da Dokar Nuna Bambancin Namiji na 1975 da 1986, wanda Dokar Daidaito ta 2010 ta maye gurbinsu. |} '''Dokar Sabuntawa ta 2018''' ''game da Takaddun Shaida Daidaito dangane da Daidaitan Biyan Kuɗi a Iceland'' Iceland ta gabatar da Daidaiton Batun Daidaita a 2012, ÍST 85: 2012 (Daidaitaccen tsarin kula da albashi - Bukatu da shiriya).kungiyar kwadagon Icelandic, ƙungiyar masu ba da aiki da kuma jami'an gwamnati ne suka haɓaka matsayin tare da manufar cewa zai taimaka wa ma'aikata wajen hana wariyar albashi da kuma ba su damar zama sanannu. A cikin 2017, gwamnatin Icelandic ta yanke shawarar ƙara kwaskwarima ga Dokokin 2008 na Dokoki kan Matsayin Daidaita Da Rightsancin Mata Da Maza (# 10/2008). Kwaskwarimar doka ce ta takaddar takaddar biyan albashi daidai kuma an fara aiki da ita a ranar 1 ga Janairu a 2018. Dangane da kamfanonin gyare-gyare da cibiyoyin da ke daukar ma'aikata 25, ko sama da haka, a kowace shekara, za a bukaci samun takardar shaidar biyan kudi domin tabbatar da shaida Manufar wannan takaddar takaddar dole ce ta tilasta zartar da doka ta yanzu da ke haramta ayyukan nuna banbanci dangane da jinsi kuma yana buƙatar cewa mata da maza da ke aiki don mai aiki ɗaya za a biya su daidai albashi kuma su more daidaito na aiki don aiki iri ɗaya ko ayyuka iri ɗaya. === Amurka. === ==== Dokar Tarayya: Dokar Biyan Daidaitawa ta 1963 da Take VII na Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama na 1964 ==== A ƙarni na 20, mata sun kai kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ma'aikata na Amurka amma har yanzu ana biyansu ƙasa da maza, ko dai aiki ɗaya ne ko wani aiki na daban. Akwai dokoki daban-daban na mata a wasu jihohi kamar, ba sa aiki da dare da kuma taƙaita lokacin aikinsu. Mata sun fara shiga karin ayyukan masana'anta lokacin da aka gwabza Yaƙin Duniya na II ya fara maye gurbin maza waɗanda suka shiga soja. Gibin albashi ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa yayin yaƙin. Hukumar Kwadago ta Kasa ta sanya manufofi don taimakawa wajen samar da daidaito ga matan da ke maye gurbin maza kai tsaye. Yunkurin farko na dokar biyan albashi daidai a Amurka, HR 5056, "Haramta Nuna Bambanci a Kan Lamarin Jima'i," 'yar majalisa Winifred C. Stanley na Buffalo, NY ce ta gabatar da ita a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1944. Shekaru 20, bayan haka, dokar da gwamnatin tarayya ta zartar a shekarar 1963 ta sanya doka ba ta biyan maza da mata kudaden albashi daban-daban na aiki iri daya kan ayyukan da ke bukatar kwarewa iri daya, yana daga cikin kokarinsu, da kuma daukar nauyinsu, kuma ana aiwatar da su a karkashin irin wannan yanayin aikin. Shekara daya bayan zartar da Dokar Biyan Daidaita, Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta 1964. Lakabi na VII na wannan aikin ya sanya haramtacciyar wariya dangane da launin fata, addinin, launin, ko jinsi na mutum. <ref>"Civil Rights Act of 1964." 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2000e-17</ref> Take na VII ya kai hari kan nuna wariyar jinsi da yawa fiye da Dokar Daidaito Daidaitawa ba kawai ga lada ba har zuwa biyan da ake amfaji da shi Kuma ana Kiran shi da mahimmancin diyya, sharuɗɗa, halaye ko gata na aiki. Don haka tare da Dokar Biyan Daidaitawa da Take na VII, mai ba da aiki ba zai iya hana mata albashi daidai dokar dai ta Samar da abubuwa da dama na aiki daidai ba; hana mata canja wuri, karin girma, ko karin albashi; sarrafa kimantawar aiki don mayar da albashin mata; ko kuma ware maza da mata da gangan zuwa aiki gwargwadon jinsi. <ref>Williams, Robert et al. Closer Look at Comparable Worth: A Study of the Basic Questions to be Addressed in Approaching Pay Equity. National Foundation for the Study of Equal Employment Policy: Washington, DC, 1984, pg. 28.</ref> Tunda Majalisar na yin muhawara kan wannan kudirin a daidai lokacin da Dokar Daidaita Daidata ta fara aiki, akwai damuwa kan yadda wadannan dokokin biyu za su yi mu'amala, wanda ya kai ga zartar da Gyaran Sanata Bennett. Wannan Kwaskwarimar ta ce: "Ba zai zama aikin ba bisa ka'ida ba a karkashin wannan karamin juzu'i ga duk wani mai aiki ya banbanta ta hanyar jima'i ... idan irin wannan bambancin yana da izini ta tanadin [Daidaita Dokar Biya]." An sami rudani kan fassarar wannan Kwaskwarimar, wacce aka bar wa kotuna don warwarewa. <ref>Webber, Katie. "Comparable Worth—Its Present Status and the Problem of Measurement." Hamline Journal of Public Law, Vol. 6, No. 38 (1985), pg. 37.</ref> Don haka dokar tarayya ta Amurka yanzu ta ce "masu ba da aiki ba za su iya nin ƙa'idojin na daga cikin nasarori da aka sami, ƙoƙari da nauyi, kuma akwai abubuwan da ake aiwayar da suaiwatar da su a ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin aiki a cikin tsari ɗaya." <ref name="EEOC"/> ==== Jihar New York ==== A cikin 1944, jihar New York ta haramta nuna wariya game da albashi dangane da jinsin mutum. A ranar 10, ga Yulin 2019, Gwamnan New York Andrew Cuomo ya sanya hannu kan dokar doka wacce ke ba da tabbacin samun daidaiton albashi don aikin daidai ba tare da la'akari da jinsin mutum ba. Wannan ya ginu ne a kan dokar 1944 ta hana ma’aikata daga tambayar ‘yan takarar aiki game da albashin da suka biya a baya, wata baraka a tarihin aiwatar da daidaiton biyan albashin su dangane da jinsi. Cuomo ya sanya hannu kan dokar tare tare da faretin cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na 2019, a Birnin New York. ==== Jihar Washington. ==== A [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Gwamna Evans ya aiwatar da nazarin daidaiton albashi a 1973, da wani a 1977. <ref name="Remick">Remick, Helen. "'A Want of Harmony': Perspectives on Wage Discrimination and Comparable Worth." Ed. Remick, Helen. Comparable Worth and Wage Discrimination: Technical Possibilities and Political Realities. Temple University Press: Philadelphia, 1984, pg. 102.</ref> Sakamakon ya nuna karara cewa lokacin da ake kwatanta ayyuka na maza da mata sun kasance babu kusan wani juyi tsakanin matsakaitan ayyuka iri daya kuma a kowane bangare, an sami rata kashi ashirin cikin dari. Misali, ma'aikacin sabis na abinci yana samun $ 472, a kowane wata, kuma Direban Motar Isarwa ya sami $ 792, duk da cewa an ba su duka lamba ɗaya "maki" a kan ma'auni kwatankwacin jihar. Abin takaici ga jihar, kuma ga ma'aikatan jihar, magajinsa Gwamna Dixie Lee Ray ya kasa aiwatar da shawarwarin binciken (wanda ya bayyana karara cewa mata sun yi kasa da kashi 20 cikin dari fiye da maza). <ref>Stewart, Debra A. "State Initiatives in the Federal System: The Politics and Policy of Comparable Worth in 1984." Publius, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Summer 1985), pg. 84.</ref> Don haka a cikin 1981, AFSCME sun gabatar da korafin nuna wariyar jinsi tare da EEOC, akan wasu mahimman dokokin Gwamnatin Washington. Kotun Yankin ta yanke hukuncin cewa tunda jihar tayi wani bincike na nuna wariyar jinsi a cikin jihar, ta gano cewa akwai bambanci sosai a cikin albashi, kuma basu yi wani abu ba don inganta wadannan bambance-bambance, wannan ya zama nuna wariya a karkashin Title VII wanda yake "mamayewa da niyya . " <ref>American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO (AFSCME), et al. v. State of Washington et al. No. C 82-465T (District Court for the Western District of Washington), 1983.</ref> Daga nan Kotun ta umarci Jiha da ta biya mata sama da 15,500, kudaden da aka biya daga 1979, bisa la'akari da nazarin 1983 na kwatankwacin darajar. <ref>Legler, Joel Ivan. "City, County and State Government Liability for Sex-Based Wage Discrimination After County of Washington v. Gunther and AFSCME v. Washington." The Urban Lawyer, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Spring 1985), pg. 241.</ref> Wannan ya wuce $ 800&nbsp;miliyan. Koyaya, Kotun ofaukaka forara ta Amurka game da Yanki na Tara ta soke wannan shawarar, tana mai bayyana cewa Washington koyaushe tana buƙatar albashin ma'aikatansu don yin daidai da kasuwar 'yanci, kuma nuna wariya yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da bambancin albashi. Kotun ta ce, "Jiha ba ta haifar da banbancin kasuwa ba ... [kuma] ba doka ko dabaru da suke ganin tsarin kasuwar 'yanci wani kamfani ne da ake zargi." <ref>American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO (AFSCME), et al. v. State of Washington et al. 770 F.2d 1401 (9th Cir), 1985.</ref> Duk da yake karar ba ta yi nasara ba a karshe, hakan ya haifar da dokar jihohi don kara albashin ma’aikatan jihar. Kudaden aiwatar da wannan tsarin biyan kudi daidai yake kashi 2.6% na kudin ma'aikata ga jihar. <ref>"[http://www.pay-equity.co/info-Q&A.html National Committee on Pay Equity]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}," pay-equity.co, Accessed Nov. 8, 2010</ref> ==== Minnesota ==== A cikin [[Minnesota]], jihar ta fara yin la’akari da ingantacciyar manufa mai dacewa a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, lokacin da Minnesotaungiyar Minnesotaungiyar Minnesota ta Majalisar kan Tattalin Arzikin Mata ta umarci Hay Associates don gudanar da bincike. Sakamakon ya kasance abin birgewa kuma yayi daidai da sakamakon a Washington (akwai tazarar kashi 20% tsakanin maza da mata masu biya). Hay Associates ya tabbatar da cewa a cikin shekaru 19 tun da aka zartar da Dokar Daidaito Daidai, nuna bambancin albashi ya ci gaba har ma ya karu daga 1976 zuwa 1981. <ref>Cook, Alice H. Comparable Worth: A Case book of experiences in states and localities. Industrial Relations Center: University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1985, pg. 141</ref> Ta yin amfani da tsarin su, sun lura cewa yayin da aka ba masu direbobin bayarwa da masu buga takardu dukkansu maki 117, kowannensu "ya dace" ga jihar, an ba direban isar da kayan isar da sako (wata sana'a ce da maza suka mamaye) a duk wata yayin da aka biya ma'aikacin magatakarda. (wata mata ta mamaye sana'a) ana biyan ta $ 1,115, a wata. <ref>"Pay Equity: The Minnesota Experience: Fifth Edition." Legislative Commission on the Economic Status of Women, April 1994, pg. 13.</ref> Binciken ya kuma nuna cewa mata ba su da yawan gaske a cikin manaja da mukamai na kwararru, kuma galibi ana rarraba ayyukan gwamnati ta hanyar jima'i. Binciken daga karshe ya ba da shawarar cewa jihar ta dauki matakai da dama na ayyuka: 1) kafa kyawawan abubuwan da za a iya kwatanta su da ayyukan mata; 2) keɓe kuɗi don inganta rashin daidaiton biyan kuɗi; 3) karfafawa mata gwiwa don tabbatar da mata da tsiraru 4) ci gaba da nazarin yanayin don inganta shi. Majalisar Dokokin Minnesota ta motsa nan da nan don mayar da martani. A 1983 jihar ta kasafta 21.8&nbsp;dala miliyan don fara gyara banbance banbancen ma’aikatan jihar. <ref>Stewart, Debra A. "State Initiatives in the Federal System: The Politics and Policy of Comparable Worth in 1984." Publius, Vol. 15, No. 3 (Summer 1985), pg. 91.</ref> Daga 1982, zuwa 1993, albashin mata a jihar ya ƙaru da kashi 10%. Kamar yadda jaridar Star Tribune ta ruwaito, a shekara ta 2005 mata a cikin gwamnatin jihar ta Minnesota sun samar da dala 97, a kan dala, hakan ya sanya jihar ta Minnesota a matsayin daya daga cikin mafiya daidaito ga mata ma’aikatan jihar a kasar. Shekaru biyar bayan haka a shekara ta 2010, an cimma cikakkiyar daidaiton kuɗin biyan mata a cikin aikin yi a jihar, tare da maimaitawa, yawanci ƙananan canje-canje a cikin ƙananan hukumomi da ke faruwa a kai a kai. ==== Dokar tarayya: Lilly Ledbetter Dokar Biyan Gaskiya ==== [[File:Comifuro 13 ATM queue.jpg|thumb|lokacin albashi dai dai dan gaskiya]] A shekarar 2009, [[Barack Obama|Shugaba Obama ya]] rattaba hannu kan dokar biyan kudi ta Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay, inda ya ba mata damar kai karar ma’aikata saboda rashin biyansu albashi har na tsawon kwanaki 180, bayan an biya su kudin da ba su dace ba. A ranar 29, ga Janairun 2016, ya sanya hannu a kan dokar zartarwa wacce ta tilasta wa dukkan kamfanoni da akalla ma’aikata 100 su bayyana albashin dukkan ma’aikatan ga gwamnatin tarayya, tare da ragin albashin ta hanyar jinsi, jinsi, da kuma kabilanci. Manufar ita ce a ƙarfafa masu ba da aiki su ba da albashi daidai don aiki daidai ta hanyar ƙara nuna gaskiya. ==== Massachusetts ==== A watan Agusta na 2016, Gwamnan Massachusetts Charlie Baker ya sanya hannu kan kudurin doka don inganta kan Dokar Biyan Daidaita ta Massachusetts da ta riga ta kasance. A ranar 1 ga watan Yulin, 2018, wannan gyaran da aka sabunta ya fara aiki ne don kare ma'aikata daga tambayar wanda ya dauke su albashinsu na baya. Gwamna Baker ya nemi canji a tsarin na yanzu bayan ya fahimci cewa mata a bangarorin su, a matsakaita, suna yin cent 76 akan dala idan aka kwatanta da maza masu yin aiki iri ɗaya. A karkashin sabunta Dokar Biyan Daidaitawa ta Massachusetts, ba a ba masu aiki damar samun banbanci a cikin albashi ga ma'aikatan da ke yin aikin da ke bukatar irin kwarewa, kokari, da nauyi. Dokar Biyan Daidaitawa ta Massachusetts kawai tana ba da izinin bambance-bambance a cikin biyan lokacin da ya dogara da cancanta, yawan shekaru, kudaden shiga da aka samu, ilimi, da wuri ko tafiya. A lokacin isowarsa a shekarar 2018, Dokar Biyan Daidaitawa ta Massachusetts ta zama mai ba da karfi mafi karfi na neman a biya su daidai tsakanin masu jinsi a Amurka. Ta zama jiha ta farko da ta samar da tabbaci na kariya ga masu daukar aiki a karkashin yanayin da suka gudanar da binciken kansu na ayyukan biyansu. Don kiyayewa, akwai buƙatar a tabbatar da rikodin ƙoƙarin da aka yi don rufe ɓarna a cikin biyan kafin su zama masu alhakin nunka daga cikin ma'aikacin da aka nuna wariyar. ==== Dokokin jihohi da na kananan hukumomi, 2010s ==== California da New York City sun amince da dokokin da suka haramtawa ma’aikata yin tambaya game da tarihin albashi don tantance albashin da za a bayar don sabon aiki. Ana nufin wannan don rage gibin biyan jinsi ta hanyar rage tasirin wariyar da ta gabata. Sauran jihohin Amurka da yawa suna yin la'akari da irin waɗannan dokokin, har zuwa Mayu 2017. === Ostiraliya === A cikin 1948, Sanarwar Duniya game da 'Yancin Dan-Adam ta fara fahimtar daidaiton albashi don aiki daidai. Kungiyar kwadago ta duniya ce ta fitar da Yarjejeniyar Biyar Daidai. Taron ya bayyana cewa yana bada shawarar a ayyana ayyuka bisa yanayin aikin maimakon wanda yake aikin. Mata da maza sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar, suna kiran gwamnati da ta gyara babban taron 1951 da kuma biyan kuɗin doka daidai a Australiya. A cikin 1969, akwai karar da Unionungiyar Ma'aikatan Masana'antu ta Australasian ta kawo game da Nama da liedungiyar Cinikin Kawancen. Ma’aikata sun yi ta jayayya kan a biya kowane ma’aikaci albashi daidai kuma hukuncin da hukumar ta yanke shi ne cewa mace ta ba da mafi karancin albashi a kashi 85 na na mazan. Wannan shawarar ta taimaka wajen biyan albashi daidai ga matan da ke aiki iri daya da maza za su yi, amma sauran matan duk sun samu kashi 85 cikin 100. A cikin 1972 an sake sake yanke shawara kuma dokoki sun nuna cewa ko mata ko maza waɗanda ke aiki a irin wannan aikin da ke da ƙima iri ɗaya, sun cancanci ƙimar aiki ɗaya. A karkashin tsohuwar tsarin gyara albashin Australiya, "an biya albashi daidai na aiki daidai wa daida" na mata a shekarar 1969. An sanya dokar hana nuna wariya saboda jinsi a shekarar 1984. === Kanada === A amfani da Kanada, ana amfani da sharuɗɗan ''biyan daidaito'' da ''daidaiton biya'' ɗan bambanci da na sauran ƙasashe. Sharuɗɗan biyu suna nuni da ra'ayoyi daban daban na shari'a. ''Biyan daidaito'', ko daidaiton albashi don aikin daidai, yana nufin buƙatar cewa a biya maza da mata kuɗi ɗaya idan suna yin aiki iri ɗaya a ƙungiya ɗaya. Misali, dole ne a biya mace mai aikin wutar lantarki daidai da na lantarki a namiji a kungiya daya. An halatta bambance-bambance masu ma'ana idan saboda girma ko cancanta. Dokar tana buƙatar ''daidaiton biyan kuɗi'' a kowane ɗayan hurumin zartar da doka na Kanada (yankuna goma, yankuna uku, da gwamnatin tarayya). Lura cewa dokar tarayya tana aiki ne kawai ga waɗancan ma'aikata a cikin wasu masana'antun da gwamnatin ke sarrafawa kamar bankuna, masu watsa shirye-shirye, da kamfanonin jiragen sama, don kaɗan. Ga yawancin ma'aikata, dokar da ta dace ita ce ta lardin ko yanki. Ga ma'aikata da aka tsara ta tarayya, ana bada tabbacin daidaiton biya a karkashin Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada . A Ontario, ana buƙatar daidaiton biyan kuɗi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ka'idodin Aiki na Ontario.   Kowane yanki na Kanada yana da doka iri ɗaya, kodayake sunan doka zai bambanta. Sabanin haka, ''daidaiton biyan kuɗi'', a cikin mahallin Kanada, yana nufin cewa dole ne a biya mata ayyukan maza da kuma ayyukan mata-na ƙima iri ɗaya idan a cikin ma'aikaci ɗaya. Ana kiran kalmar Kanada game da ''daidaiton biyan kuɗi'' a matsayin "kwatankwacin darajar" a cikin Amurka. Misali, idan ma'aikatan jinya da ma'aikatan wutar lantarki ana ganin suna da ayyuka daidai wa daida, dole ne a biya su ɗaya. Wata hanyar rarrabe ra'ayoyin ita ce a lura da cewa ''daidaiton biyan kudi yana'' magana ne kan 'yancin mata ma'aikata a matsayinsu na daidaiku, yayin da ''daidaiton biyan yake'' magana kan' yancin mata da mata suka mamaye a matsayin kungiya. Wasu yankuna na Kanada suna da ''dokokin biyan kuɗi'' yayin da wasu basu da, saboda haka wajibcin rarrabe tsakanin ''daidaiton biyan kuɗi'' da ''biyan daidaito'' a cikin amfanin Kanada. Misali, a Ontario, ''ana tabbatar da daidaiton biyan kudi'' ta hanyar Dokar Ka’idojin Aiki ta Ontario yayin da ''aka tabbatar da daidaiton'' albashi ta dokar Ontario Pay Equity Act. A gefe guda kuma, larduna uku na yamma (British Columbia, Alberta, da Saskatchewan) suna da ''dokar daidaita daidaito'' amma ba su da dokar ''biyan haraji.'' Wasu larduna (alal misali, Manitoba) suna da dokoki waɗanda ke buƙatar ''daidaiton biyan kuɗi'' ga masu ba da ma'aikatun gwamnati amma ba na ma'aikata masu zaman kansu ba; a halin yanzu, ''dokar daidaita daidaiton biya'' ta shafi kowa da kowa. === Indiya === ==== Kare tsarin mulki ==== A zaman wani bangare na Ka'idodinta na Manufofin Siyasa, Tsarin Mulki na Indiya ta hanyar Mataki na 39 ya tanadi cewa dukkan jihohi suna jagorantar manufofinsu don samun daidaito a kan aiki daidai ga maza da mata, da kuma tabbatar da cewa maza da mata suna da 'yancin yin isassun hanyoyin rayuwa. Duk da cewa wadannan Ka'idojin Ba su da hurumin zartar da su ta kowace kotu, amma suna da mahimmanci ga shugabancin kasar kuma jiha wajibi ne ta yi la’akari da su yayin zartar da dokoki. Duk da cewa “biyan albashi iri daya don aiki iri daya” ba bayyanannen haqqin tsarin mulki bane, an karanta shi a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki ta hanyar fassarar Labarai na 14, 15 da 16 - wanda ke tabbatar da daidaito a gaban doka, kariya daga nuna wariya da daidaito a cikin lamuran aikin gwamnati. Kotun Koli ta Indiya ita ma ta ayyana wannan a matsayin wata manufa ta tsarin mulki, ga kowane mutum kuma yana iya samunta ta hanyar aiwatar da hakkokinsu na yau da kullun da aka shimfida a cikin Labarai na 14 zuwa 16. A cikin mashahurin hukuncin Kotun Koli, an kalubalanci yanayin aikin masu karbar iska ta Air India. Sharuɗɗan aiki sun buƙaci yin ritayar tilas ga mata: (i) bayan sun kai shekaru 33; (ii) idan sun yi aure cikin shekaru huɗu na hidimar; itama doka ce da aka yarda da ita ko (iii) akan ciki na farko. Kotun duk da haka ta yi fatali da wadannan tanade-tanaden kuma ta kasance masu nuna son kai da nuna wariya saboda ta saba wa doka ta 14, 15 da 16 ta Kundin Tsarin Mulki. ==== Kariyar doka ==== A shekarar 1976, an zartar da dokar ba da lada daidai da nufin samar da lada daidai ga maza da mata ma’aikata da kuma hana nuna banbanci dangane da jinsi a dukkan al’amuran da suka shafi aikin yi da damar aiki. Wannan dokar ba wai kawai ta samar wa mata da 'yancin neman a biya su daidai ba ne, amma duk wani rashin daidaito dangane da tsarin daukar ma'aikata, horas da aiki, karin girma, da sauyawa a tsakanin kungiyar ana iya kalubalantar ta a karkashin wannan Dokar. Koyaya, girmanta bai kai ga yanayin da: (i) mace ke ƙoƙarin bin ƙa'idodin dokokin ba mata kulawa ta musamman ba; da (ii) ana bai wa mace kulawa ta musamman saboda haihuwar ɗa, ko sharuɗɗan da suka shafi ritaya, aure ko mutuwa. Kamfanoni da masu ɗaukan ma'aikata ɗayansu ana iya ɗaukar nauyinsu don kiyaye ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin wannan Dokar. A cikin shari'oi daban-daban, Kotun Koli ta Indiya ma ta nuna cewa nuna wariyar jinsi yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da maza da mata suka yi aiki iri daya ko aiki iri daya Wanda ake bukata. Koyaya, ya fayyace cewa ana buƙatar ɗaukar sassauƙa yayin yanke shawarar wane irin aiki ne zai iya zama kwatankwacin yin la'akari da ayyukan da aka aiwatar a matsayin ɓangare na aikin, kuma ba ayyukan da za a iya yi ba. === Taiwan === Taiwan ta kafa dokar daidaita daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a aikin yi a shekara ta 2002. Yana tsara cewa dole ne mai ba da aiki ya ba da albashi ɗaya ga ma'aikatan da suke yin aiki iri ɗaya. Doka ta tanadi cewa, ma’aikata ba za su nuna wariya ga ma’aikata ba saboda bambancin jinsi ko jinsi a batun biyan albashi. Ma'aikata zasu sami albashi daidai don aiki iri ɗaya ko ƙimarsu ɗaya. Koyaya, idan irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen sakamakon tsarin manya ne, kyauta da tsarin horo zai tabbatar daya taimaka sosai, tsarin cancanta ko wasu dalilai masu gamsarwa na abubuwan da ba na jima'i ba ko kuma waɗanda ba na jima'i ba, ƙuntatawa da aka ambata a sama ba zai yi aiki ba. Masu ba da aiki ba za su iya bin hanyoyin rage albashin sauran ma’aikata ba don guje wa ka’idar sakin layin da ya gabata. == Sukar == Sukar da ka'idar biyan albashi daidai na awanni masu aiki da mata ke aiki daidai da kananan ayyuka ta hanyar azuzuwan kariya sun hada da sukar hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su don cimma hakan da kuma hanyar da ake auna rata. Wasu  sunyi imani cewa ayyukan gwamnati don daidaita bambancin biyan jinsi na haifar da tsoma baki ga tsarin musayar son rai. Suna jayayya batun na asali shine cewa mai aikin shine mamallakin aikin, ba gwamnati bane ko ma'aikaci. Mai ba da aikin yi shawarwari game da aikin kuma ya biya gwargwadon aikinsa, ba bisa ga aikin aiki ba. Batun tare da hakan shine maza ana ganin su manyan masu aiki ne bisa irin kwarewar da mace zata iya yi. Kasuwanci mai zaman kansa ba zai so ya rasa mafi kyawun wa'inda sune masu yin sa ba ta hanyar rama musu ƙasa kaɗan kuma zai iya rashin karfin biyan payingan ƙwararrun masu yin sa saboda yawan aiki zai ragu. <ref name="Caveat for Employers">Vedantam, Shankar (2009) "[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/31/AR2009053102081.html Caveat for Employers]." Washington Post, June 1, 2009, page A8</ref> <ref name="Subtle, and stubborn, race bias">Jackson, Derrick (2009) "[http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2009/07/06/subtle_and_stubborn_race_bias/ Subtle, and stubborn, race bias]." Boston Globe, July 6, 2009, page A10</ref> Koyaya, Women'sungiyar Mata mai zaman kanta ta faɗi wani binciken wanda ke nuna hangen nesa na albashi mai yiwuwa ya ɓace "lokacin da aka sarrafa shi don ƙwarewa, ilimi, da yawan shekarun aiki". <ref>O'Neill, June. "The Gender Gap in Wages, circa 2000" American Economic Review, Vol. 93, No. 2 (May 2003), pp. 309-314.</ref> == Bambanci tsakanin daidaiton albashi don aiki dai-dai da biya dai-dai na aiki daidai yake == {| class="wikitable" !Daidaita albashi don aikin dai-dai ! Daidaita albashi don aiki dai-dai wa daida |- | Daidaitan albashi yana kwatankwacin albashin masu rike da mukamai a ayyuka iri daya ko makamancin haka. | Adadin biyan kuɗi yana kwatanta ƙimar da albashin ayyuka daban-daban, kamar nas da ma'aikacin lantarki. |- | Ko maza ko mata na iya yin korafin cewa aikinsu ba shi da daraja. Idan aka biya namiji mai rike da mukami kasa da mace mai aiki a wannan aikin, zai iya shigar da kara. Hakanan, mace ko miji na iya yin gunaguni idan aka biya ta ko aka biya ta ƙasa da namiji ko mace a cikin aiki ɗaya. | Mutane (maza da mata) ne kawai a cikin aikin da aka tanada wa mata waɗanda ke iya yin korafin cewa ba a daraja aikinsu. Idan ma'aikaci daya ya biya masu aikin jinya kasa da ma'aikatan lantarki, to za su iya shigar da kara. |} A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Daidaituwar Cigaba ta Washington ta amfani da bayanai daga Ofishin Labarun Labarun Labarun, ayyukan da suka fi yawan maza yawanci ana biyansu da kyau ba tare da la'akari da kwarewa ko matakin ilimi ba. <ref>https://www.payscale.com/data/gender-pay-gap</ref> Misali, sau da yawa yana buƙatar irin wannan ƙwarewar da ilimi don zama lantarki kamar yadda yake don zama mai jinya. Koyaya, masu aikin lantarki, fannin da maza suka fi yawa, suna samun albashi fiye da masu jinya, fannin da ya mamaye mata. A cikin yanayi inda, misali, wutar lantarki ke yin aikin su ƙafa 200 sama da ƙasan bene na rijiyar mai, to ya kamata acigaba da amfaninda it's hard biya ya zama mafi girma saboda haɗarin sun yi yawa haka. Koyaya, wannan baya bayanin rata tsakanin matsakaicin aikin masu wutar lantarki. Sukar da aka yi wa daidaitaccen albashi don aiki iri ɗaya shi ne rashin ingantattun hanyoyin daidaitawa, ya dogara ne da abubuwan da ke ƙarkashin ikon mallaka kuma ba ya dogara da ainihin hujjoji da ƙididdiga Kamar yadda yake a misalin da ya gabata, bincika ya tabbata da cewa magana ce ta ƙarya cewa masu aikin lantarki ke samun kuɗi fiye da masu jinya. Dangane da ƙididdigar masu aikin wutar lantarki suna samun ~ 1015 $ / mako-mako ( <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/LEU0254666500 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-07-12 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185351/https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/LEU0254666500 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) yayin da masu jinya ke samun ~ 1223 $ / mako-mako ( <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/LEU0254541300 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-07-12 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190033/https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/LEU0254541300 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ), don haka a wannan yanayin yana tabbatar da cewa ma’aikatan jinya, filin da mace ta mamaye, sun fi ma’aikatan lantarki yawa, namiji mamaye filin. == Dokokin nuna gaskiya == [[File:Gender_Pay_Inequality.jpg|thumb|222x222px| Mace rike da wata alama da ke nuna cewa tana samun kasa da "shi" (abokin aikin maza) na aiki daya.]] Dokar nuna gaskiya ita ce buɗewa, da ka'idojin fa'idoji waɗanda ke ɗaukar kasuwanci da gwamnatoci. Dokokin nuna gaskiya suna tilasta kamfanoni su bayyana albashin ga ma'aikata, masu daukar ma'aikata, da kuma gwamnati. Tsarancin biyan jinsi an bayyana shi azaman matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin biyan diyya da aka baiwa ga jinsunan mu maza da mata don aikinsu ko aikinsu. An sanya dokokin nuna gaskiya don rage wannan gibin na biyan albashi. Waɗannan dokokin sun haifar da ragin kashi biyu cikin ɗari a gibin jinsi ta hanyar samar da albashi ga jama'a, wanda ya sauƙaƙa ganin banbancin biyan kowane jinsi. Ba tare da dokokin nuna gaskiya ba, masu ba da aiki suna ɗaukar mata da yawa idan aka kwatanta da maza saboda ƙananan albashi. Masu ba da aikin da ke ɗaukar nauyin maza da mata daidai suke ɗora wa kamfanoni ƙimar albashi, saboda albashin maza ya fi tsada sosai kuwa. Garuruwan da suka aiwatar da dokokin nuna gaskiya sun nuna shaidar mahimman canje-canje a cikin albashin mata saboda nuna gaskiya. Bayyananniyar ba wai kawai a cikin gwamnati da ma'aikata ba ne, amma a tsakanin ma'aikata, ba wa mata da maza abokan aiki damar lura da albashin juna. Mata, musamman, na iya amfani da wannan bayanin don samun daidaiton biyan kuɗi. Wannan na iya taimakawa wajen rage rashin daidaiton biyan kuɗi na mata lokacin da suke aiki iri ɗaya da na mazaje. == Duba kuma == * ''Allonby v.'' ''Accrington da Kwalejin Rossendale'' * Daidaita Ranar Biya * Mata na talauci * Gibin biyan jinsi a Indiya * Rufin gilashi * Dokar farashi ɗaya * Mata kayan abu == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.evendon.net/PublicService/cgi-bin/HandOff-1_0.cgi?SC2006+05-1074_Ledbetter_v_Goodyear_Tire__Rubber_Co+0001#top Ledbetter v Goodyear Kotun Koli] * [http://www.three-peaks.net/equalpay.htm Biyan Binciken Adalci] * [http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/Careers/10/22/equal.pay/ Rahoton CNN] "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202014937/http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=pay+equity&search_crit=title&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form Karanta Sabis ɗin Binciken Kasuwanci (CRS) game da Biyan Kuɗi] * [https://reuther.wayne.edu/taxonomy/term/581 Hotunan Tarihi da bayanai game da gwagwarmayar biyan kuɗi.] Walter P. Reuther Library of Labour da Harkokin Gari. Jami'ar Jihar Wayne. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518234720/http://www.marxist.com/women/equal_pay.html "Duk Me Ya Faru Daidai Daidai?"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518234720/http://www.marxist.com/women/equal_pay.html Rubutun Markisanci] * [http://www.pay-equity.co/day-kit.html Biyan Kungiyar Daidaita] * [http://epowertv.blogspot.com/2005_05_01_epowertv_archive.html "Shin Zaɓin Gap Mata ne Zaɓaɓɓu", Rachel Bondi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140221222926/http://viewer.zmags.com/showmag.php?mid=pfgsh#/page14/ "Gaskiya Bayan Albashin Mata a Mining", Jack Caldwell da Cecilia Jamasmie] ==Manazarta== [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1r7s1salzxllkhkh2zqua8ndrj31xyc 0 24253 839622 790535 2026-05-24T09:43:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Snoop Dogg in car.jpg|thumb|doggy]] '''''Doggystyle''''' Shine kundin studio na halarta na farko daga mawaƙin Amurka Snoop Doggy Dogg . An sake shi a ranar (23) ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta (1993) ta Rikodin Row Records da Interscope Records . An yi rikodin kundin kuma an samar da shi bayan bayyanar Snoop akan kundi na farko na Dr. Dre ''The Chronic'' a shekara ta (1992), wanda Snoop ya ba da gudummawa sosai. Salon Yammacin Kogin Yamma a cikin hip-hop wanda ya haɓaka daga kundin farko na Dre ya ci gaba akan ''Doggystyle'' . Masu suka sun yaba wa Snoop Doggy Dogg saboda waƙar "haƙiƙa" da yake gabatarwa a cikin faifan da kuma yadda yake rarrabe muryar sa. <ref name="AMG" /> <ref name="AMG-Bio">Stephen Thomas Erlewine. [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p41625|pure_url=yes}} Snoop Dogg > Biography]. All music. Retrieved April 21, 2008.</ref> Duk da wasu sukar da aka yi wa kundin da farko lokacin da aka fitar da shi, ''Doggystyle ya'' sami yabo daga masu sukar kiɗa da yawa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman albums na shekara ta (1990s) haka kuma ɗayan mahimman kundin kundin hip-hop da aka taɓa fitarwa. <ref. name="AcclaimedMusic">"[http://www.acclaimedmusic.net/061024/A896.htm Snoop Doggy Dogg - ''Doggystyle'']". AcclaimedMusic.net. Accessed May (20) yer (2008).<nowiki></ref></nowiki> Da yawa kamar ''The Chronic'', sautunan sauti na ''Doggystyle sun'' taimaka gabatar da jigon hip-hop na G-Funk ga manyan masu sauraro, yana kawo gaba hip hop na West Coast a matsayin babban iko a farkon tsakiyar sherkara ta (1990s). <ref name="AMG-TheChronic">Steve Huey. [{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r814133|pure_url=yes}} The Chronic > Overview]. Allmusic. Accessed May 17, 2008.</ref>. ''Doggystyle ya'' yi muhawara a lamba daya akan <nowiki><i id="mwKQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> (200) yana siyar da kwafi (806,858 ) a cikin satin farko na shi kadai a Amurka, wanda shine rikodin mawakin da ya yi muhawara da kundin hip-hop mafi sauri. ''An haɗa Doggystyle'' akan jerin mujallar The Source na guda dari( 100) Best Rap Albums; kazalika da ''jerin mujallar Rolling Stone'' na Mahimman Rikodi na guda chasain '90s. <ref name="AcclaimedMusic"/> About.com ya sanya kundin a lamba ta sha bakwai ( 17 ) na mafi girman kundin hip hop/rap na kowane lokaci. An tabbatar da kundin 4x Platinum ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Rikodi ta Amurka (RIAA). A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta (201 5), kundin ya sayar da kwafe miliyan bakwai ( 7 ) a Amurka, kuma sama da kwafe miliyan sha daya (11) a duk duniya. == Tunani == === Bayan Fage === A cikin shekara ta (1992) Snoop Doggy Dogg ya jawo hankalin masana'antar kiɗa ta hanyar ba da gudummawar sa akan Dr. Dre's ''The Chronic'' . Ana ganin wannan kundi ya “canza dukan sautin rap na West Coast” ta haɓaka abin da daga baya aka sani da sautin “G-funk ”. <ref name="AMG-TheChronic"/> ''The Chronic ya'' faɗaɗa rap na gangsta tare da ƙazanta, waƙoƙin nuna adawa da mulkin mallaka da samfura masu yawa waɗanda aka ɗauka daga bayanan P-Funk na shekara ta ( 1970 ). <ref name="AMG-TheChronic" /> Snoop Doggy Dogg ya ba da gudummawa ga waƙoƙin solo guda ɗaya na Dre, " Deep Cover ", wanda ya haifar da babban buri a tsakanin hip hop don sakin kundin solo nasa. <ref name="AMG-Bio"/> ''Doggystyle'' da ''The Chronic'' suna da alaƙa da juna musamman saboda kowannensu yana nuna Snoop Dogg kuma saboda duka suna ƙunshe da salon salon G-funk daga Dr. Dre. Saki biyu suna da alaƙa da yawan gudummawar murya daga masu fasahar Rikodin Ruwa, ciki har da Tha Dogg Pound, RBX, The Lady of Rage, yayin da dukansu ke ɗauke da ɗimbin yawa na kalmomin misogynistic da lalata a cikin waƙoƙin su. Bugu da kari, duk masu kida suna kallon kundayen biyun a matsayin farkon "G-funk classics", kuma an bayyana su da "hadewa a cinya". 'Doggystyle' ya kuma nuna alamar halarta ta farko na mawaƙin mutuwa Row, Nanci Fletcher - 'yar shahararriyar jazz Sam Fletcher. <ref name="Stylus-TheChronicVsDoggystyle" /> An soki Gangsta rap saboda matsanancin waƙoƙin sa, waɗanda galibi ake zargin su da haskaka rikicin gungun mutane da aikata baƙar fata. Mawakan Gangsta sun amsa cewa suna kwatanta ainihin abubuwan rayuwa a wurare kamar Compton, California, da Long Beach, California . <ref name="Davemusic">Reference to Alex Henderson's Allmusic review on Dave's music database: [http://whitgunn.freeservers.com/Davemusic/N/NWA/straight-outta-compton.html Straight Outta Compton Reviews]</ref> Da yake bayanin ''Doggystyle'' a cikin shekara ta (1993) Snoop Doggy Dogg shima yana nuni ga haƙiƙanin kundin, da gwargwadon abin da ya dogara da ƙwarewar sa. Ya ce, "Ba zan iya yin rap game da abin da ban sani ba. Ba za ku taɓa jin na rapping game da ba digiri na farko. Abin da na sani ne kawai kuma wannan shine rayuwar titi. Duk rayuwa ce ta yau da kullun, gaskiya. ” <ref name="NYTimes-PopMusic" /> Da yake bayyana niyyarsa, Snoop Doggy Dogg ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana jin shi abin koyi ne ga samari baƙi da yawa, kuma an tsara waƙoƙin nasa don danganta damuwarsu. Ya ce, "Ga kananan yara da ke girma a cikin ghettos," in ji shi, "yana da sauƙin shiga cikin abubuwan da ba daidai ba, musamman gangbanging da sayar da kwayoyi. Na ga yadda abin yake, kuma ban ɗaukaka shi ba, amma ban yi wa'azi ba. Ni na kawo musu maimakon su sa su je su binciki lamarin da kansu. ” <ref name="NYTimes-PopMusic" /> Ya ci gaba da bayanin "mafarkin" da zai bi bayan yin faifan: "Zan yi kokarin kawar da tashin hankalin gungun. Zan kasance kan manufa don zaman lafiya. Na san ina da iko da yawa. Na san idan na ce, 'Kada ku kashe', niggas ba zai kashe ba. === Rikodi === [[File:Snoop_Dogg_Hawaii.jpg|thumb| Snoop Dogg (wanda aka fi sani da Snoop Doggy Dogg) (hoton 2005) ya rubuta yawancin ''Doggystyle'' yayin da yake cikin ɗakin studio.]] ''An yi rikodin Doggystyle'' a farkon a shekara ta (1993) a Studio Row Studios . An samar da shi a salo mai kama da ''The Chronic'' ; wasu masu suka sun kira shi "kwafin carbon". <ref name="AMG-Bio"/> Snoop Doggy Dogg ya haɗu tare da ƙungiyoyin kiɗa biyu, guda sari biyu da sha uku (213) da Tha Dogg Pound . Daz Dillinger, na karshen kungiyar, da ake zargi Dr. dre na shan tafin kafa fitarwa don samar da album da ake zargin cewa Warren G kuma kansa da gudummawar ma ga samar da aikin. <ref name="DPG-Eulogy">Tha Dogg Pound. (2005). ''[[DPG Eulogy]]'' [DVD]. Innovative Distribution Network. Retrieved April 27, 2008.</ref> Marubucin Marion “Suge” Knight wanda ya kafa tarihin Mutuwa Row Records ya bayyana a cikin shekara ta (2013) cewa, “Daz ya yi duka album ɗin”, kuma an sanya wa Dr. Dre bashi don kuɗi. Snoop Doggy Dogg ya ce Dokta Dre yana da ikon yin bugawa ba tare da taimakon masu haɗin gwiwa ba kuma ya magance matsalolin tare da Warren G da Daz, yana mai cewa "Sun yi ƙira, Dre ya samar da wannan rikodin". Ya tattauna waƙar "Ain't No Fun", inda ya ambaci cewa Daz da Warren G sun kawo wa Dr. Dre duka amma "Dre ya ɗauki wannan muthafucka zuwa mataki na gaba!" <ref name="DubCNN-Interview">[http://www.dubcnn.com/interviews/snoopdogg06/part4/ Snoop Dogg Interview Part 4 (July 2006)]. DubCNN. Retrieved April 27, 2008.</ref> Bruce Williams, wanda ke da alaƙa da Dr. Dre, ya tattauna tsarin yin rikodi a lokacin Dre a Rikodin Rage Mutuwa, yana mai cewa: Williams ya ce ba a gama kidan ba kuma saboda buƙatar rikodin, masu rarraba sun dage cewa an kammala kundin, in ba haka ba za su soke umarnin kundin. Wannan ya haifar da Dokta Dre ya haɗa faifan ɗin kuma ya saka siket ɗin a cikin awanni (48) wanda ya ba da damar fitar da kundin. <ref name="HipHopDX">Andreas Hale (May 21, 2008). [http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/features/id.1126/title./p.2 Bruce Williams: The REAL Doctor's Advocate Pt 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913090441/http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/features/id.1126/title./p.2 |date=2009-09-13 }}. HipHopDX. Accessed May 26, 2008.</ref> ''Marubucin Rolling Stone'' Jonathan Gold ya bayyana yadda Dokta Dre ya samar da buguwa daga karce don kammala kayan aiki: "Dre na iya samun wani abu da yake so daga tsohuwar hular kwano, kaɗa shi kuma sannu a hankali ya maye gurbin kowane sashi tare da mafi kyawun sautin tom-tom, bugun- sautin drum yana ƙaunarta, har sai bugun yana da alaƙa iri ɗaya da ainihin abin da Hulk mai ban mamaki yake yiwa Bill Bixby ". <ref name="RS-DayOfTheDre">Jonathan Gold (September 30, 1993). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080506072416/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/drdre/articles/story/5937496/cover_story_day_of_the_dre Day of the Dre]. ''Rolling Stone''. Accessed May 27, 2008. </ref> Gold ya kuma bayyana yadda waƙar ta ci gaba tare da sauran mawaƙan da ke ƙara waƙar, yana mai cewa "Wani ɗan wasan bass ya yi yawo, ya buɗe kayan aikinsa kuma ya fitar da layi mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa biyu akan doke, sannan ya fita don kallon CNN, kodayake bayanansa biyu sun ci gaba looping cikin rashin iyaka. Mutumin da ke murmushi a cikin rigar rigar yana yin muguwar waƙar yatsa ɗaya akan tsohuwar Minimoog synthesizer wanda ya tsufa tun a shekara ta (1982) kuma Dre ya fashe a cikin wani irin hayaniyar surfadelic, sannan daga cikin samfuran Akai MPC60 da aka tanadar da su ya zo da ihu, rawanin kidan piano, fitar maniyyi daga rikodin Beastie na farko-'Bari in share makogwaro na'-kuma ramin da yawa yana faruwa, buguwa, numfashi, kusan yana da ƙarfi don gani. " <ref name="RS-DayOfTheDre" />. Yayin yin rikodin ''Doggystyle'' tare da Dr. Dre a watan Agustan shekara ta (1993) an kama Snoop Dogg dangane da mutuwar Phillip Woldermarian, memba na ƙungiyoyin kishiya wanda aka harbe kuma aka kashe a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙungiya. A cewar tuhumar, mai gadin mawakin, McKinley Lee, ya harbi Woldermarian yayin da Snoop Dogg ke tuka motar; mawakin ya yi ikirarin kare kai ne, inda ya yi zargin cewa wanda aka azabtar yana bin sa. Ya shafe mafi yawan shekara ta (1995) yana shirya shari'ar wanda aka fara shari’a a ƙarshen shekara ta (1995). An wanke shi daga dukkan tuhume -tuhume a watan Fabrairu shekara ta (1996) lokacin da ya fara aiki a kundi na biyu, ''Tha Doggfather'' . <ref name="AMG-Bio"/>. === Muhimmancin take === Taken kundin yana yin nuni ga matsayin jima<nowiki>'i na yanayin kare kuma yana nufin sunan mawaƙin. Aikin zane, wanda mawaƙi Joe Cool ya yi, yana wakiltar jigogin da ke cikin kundin da salon aiwatar da waɗannan ra'ayoyin. Wasu masu sukar yi imani da kayan zane kwatanta wata mace kawai kamar wani rami a cika da mutum, wanda suka yi imani da bãyukansu ga narcissistic da sexist lyrical jigogi Snoop Dogg inuwõyi. A cikin wannan fassarar, fasahar murfin da waƙoƙin suna isar da abin da suke magana a kai a matsayin salon rayuwar '' gangsta ''</nowiki> mai son kai, kwayoyi, [[Mota|motoci]], jima'i, da [[kuɗi]] . <ref name="Rap-BlackRage" /> Aikin zane yana amfani da maganganu da yawa daga shekara ta( 1982) George Clinton single “ Atomic Dog ”. Bayanai sun fito ne daga karnuka a saman katangar bulo akan murfin kundin, waɗanda ke cewa, "Me yasa zan ji kamar dat?" , "Me yasa zan bi karen?" da "Nuttin 'amma da dogg in me". == Kiɗa == === Production === [[File:Dr._Dre.jpg|thumb| Snoop ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da abokin aikin sa Dr. Dre ( ''hoton 2008'' ) akan samarwa kundin.]] Masu sharhi sun yaba da yadda Dre ke sarrafa kayan. Marubucin AllMusic Stephen Erlewine ya ce: "Dre ya fahimci cewa ba lokaci ba ne da za a tura iyakokin G-funk, kuma a maimakon haka ya yanke shawarar zurfafa shi ta hanyar kiɗa, ƙirƙirar abubuwan sauƙaƙewa waɗanda ke da fa'idodi fiye da yadda suke bayyana". Ya kara da cewa bugun da aka yi "abin birgewa ne, yana ci gaba da jan hankali bayan sauraro da yawa". ''Marubucin Rolling Stone'' Touré ya lura " ''The Chronic'' {{'}} sannu a hankali, doke mai ƙarfi ya kasance wakilcin sonic na bacin rai kamar daidai kamar yadda Cobain ya ba da amsoshi; ''Doggystyle ya'' kasance mai raɗaɗi, tare da babban lokacinsa Isaac Hayes da Curtis Mayfield -wasu waƙoƙi". Ya ci gaba da cewa "Yawancin ƙugiyoyin Dre da kusan duk bugun sa sun ƙi jinkirtawa, kamar waƙoƙin da kansu suna jin tsoro, suna tsoron fallasawa, ba su da kwanciyar hankali don samun allo." ''Mujallar Nishaɗi mako-mako'' David Browne ya ambata cewa "Haɗin samfuran da kiɗan raye-raye akan sabon Dre, ''The Chronic'', ya ba shi rubutu da zurfin, kuma yana ci gaba da bunƙasa ƙwanƙwasawa akan ''Doggystyle'', yana saƙar ruwa tare tare da raɗaɗɗen mawaƙa da mawaƙa. samfurori masu banƙyama, labulen alamar sa mai ban tsoro-alamar kasuwanci ". Mujallar Source columinst ta rubuta: "Alamar G-funk na Dre na iya zama gama gari a yanzu, amma har yanzu ana samar da shi sosai". === Rubutu === Masu suka sun yaba wa kalmomin Snoop Doggy Dogg, duk da cewa sun haifar da cece -kuce. An yaba masa don hakikanin gaskiya a cikin wakokinsa da kwararar jituwarsa. <ref name="AMG-Bio"/> Stephen Erlewine na AllMusic ya yaba wa Snoop Doggy Dogg, yana mai cewa: "yana daya daga cikin manyan masu sautin muryar hip-hop tare da wannan rikodin" kuma "yana daukar lokacin sa, yana wasa da kwararar kalaman sa, yana ba da wakokin sa kusan kade-kade. Snoop wani abu ne na musamman, tare da jujjuyawar jumla mara misaltuwa, hoto mai tayar da hankali, da rarrabewa, kwararar jaraba ". <ref name="AMG" /> ''Christopher John Farley na mujallar Time'' ya lura cewa "rawanin Snoop ba mai walƙiya ba ne, amma abin birgewa ne" kuma ya ce "Sautin muryar sa mai annashuwa shine cikakkiyar wasa don samar da babban nauyi na Dre. Muryar Snoop tana da isasshen isa don yin macizai a kusa da manyan bugun, ”in ji Farley a ranar (29) gawatan Nuwamba,a shekara ta (1993). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514045157/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979677,00.html Gangsta Rap, Doggystyle]. ''Time''. Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref> Ra'ayoyin da aka gabatar ta hanyar waƙoƙin sun haɗa da ƙuruciyar Snoop Doggy Dogg, yayin da yake magana cikin yardar rai game da jima'i na yau da kullun, shan tabar wiwi da harbin membobin ƙungiyoyin kishiya. ''Mujallar Time'' ta lura cewa ra'ayoyin "sau da yawa ba su da ma'ana; a wasu lokutan sun kasance abin ƙyama" kuma "album ɗin zai fi ƙarfi idan irin wannan ɓacin rai game da rayuwar mai laifi, gami da taɓawar Snoop na bincike. wasu daga cikin wakokin murkushewa ". <ref name="Time">Christopher John Farley (November 29, 1993). [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514045157/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,979677,00.html Gangsta Rap, Doggystyle]. ''Time''. Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref> Kundin ya kuma kunshi wasan bindigogi, mu'amala da miyagun kwayoyi da kuma yin pimping. ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times ta]]'' ce an gabatar da ra'ayoyin wakokin ne cikin "munanan maganganu." <ref name="NewYorkTimes">Jon Pareles (October 31, 1995). [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/31/arts/critic-s-notebook-rappers-making-notoriety-pay-off.html?sq=Doggystyle+1993&scp=8&st=nyt Critic's Notebook; Rappers Making Notoriety Pay Off]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref> Wasu masu sukar sun ce Snoop Doggy Dogg ya "damu da kasancewa 'G', ɗan fashi, mai karya doka wanda ke shan tabar wiwi da kisa ba tare da hukunci ba" kuma kalmomin sa suna nuna laifin baƙar fata a cikin biranen ciki. Waƙoƙin sun ƙunshi kalmomin lalata da yawa ga mata, tare da maganganu kamar "bitches" da "hoes" ana amfani da su ko'ina, wanda ke nuna jin daɗin jinsi da zalunci a tsakanin jama'ar Amurka. <ref name="Rap-BlackRage" /> A cikin wasu waƙoƙi Snoop Doggy Dogg da Tha Dogg Pound sun yi magana game da jima'i tsakanin ƙungiyoyi, yana kwatanta ƙasƙantar da mata. Waƙoƙin Snoop Doggy Dogg sun nuna kwayoyi, barasa, jima'i, da kuɗi azaman hanyoyin tserewa daga zalunci, amma kuma suna nuna ƙarancin rayuwar "gangsta" da sakamakon bin wannan salon rayuwa. <ref name="Rap-BlackRage" /> Waƙoƙin waƙoƙin tashin hankali, gami da kisan kai da halayyar tashin hankali, sun haifar da takaddama. C. DeLores Tucker na Jam'iyyar Siyasa ta Ƙasa ta Baƙaƙen Mata mai suna gangsta rap "ƙazamin ƙazamin ƙazamin kisa da fyade", wanda za a iya danganta shi da ''Doggystyle'' . <ref name="Journal" />. === Abun ciki === " Wanene Ni (Menene Sunana)? " Shi ne na farko da aka saki daga cikin kundin, ranar 30 gawatan Oktoba, shekara ta 1993. Ya hau kan lamba 8 a kan <nowiki><i id="mw6A">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 da Hot R <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; B/Hip-Hop Singles <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Tracks charts, kuma ya kai lamba kwara daya 1 akan Hot Rap Singles . An san shi sosai a matsayin 'babban jagoran' kundin, kuma RIAA ta ba da tabbacin Zinariya a ranar 8 gawatan Fabrairu, shekara ta 1994. An tabbatar da shi Platinum daga baya a wannan shekarar. Ya kai na 20 a kan Chart Singles UK a shekara ta 1994 kuma ya sake shiga ginshiƙi a shekara ta 2004, ya kai na 100. <ref name="EveryHit">[http://www.everyhit.com/ UK Top 40 Hit Database]. everyHit.com. Accessed April 20, 2008. Note: User must define search parameters, i.e. "Snoop Dogg".</ref> <ref name="ChartsPlus">[http://www.chartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlus172.pdf UK Single Charts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118011833/http://www.chartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlus172.pdf |date=2008-11-18 }}. ChartsPlus. Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref> Dangane da karɓar maraba da ƙarar tallace -tallace, shine mafi nasara Snoop har zuwa yau. "Gin da Juice" shine na biyu da aka saki ranar 15 gawata Janairu, shekara at 1994. Kamar waƙar da ta gabata, ta kasance bugawa a kan sigogi da yawa. Ya kai lamba 8 akan <nowiki><i id="mw9A">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, No. sha uku 13 akan Hot R <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; B/Hip-Hop Singles <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Tracks, No. 1 on Hot Rap Singles, and No. 39 on the UK Singles Chart. <ref name="EveryHit" /> <ref name="AMG-Singles">[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p41625|pure_url=yes}} Doggystyle - Billboard Singles]. Allmusic. Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref> RIAA ta tabbatar da shi Platinum a ranar 6 ga watan frilu, shekara ta 1994. <ref name="RIAA-Singles" /> An zabi wannan waƙar a Grammy Awards na 1995 don Mafi Kyawun Rap Solo Performance, amma ta ɓace ga " UNITY " ta Sarauniya Latifah. An saki "Doggy Dogg World" a matsayin Turawa kaɗai a cikin watan Yuni shekara ta 1994. Kodayake ba a saki ɗayan ba a hukumance a cikin Amurka, amma ta karɓi wasu wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo wanda ya haifar da matsayi na 19 akan Rhythmic Top&nbsp;40 ginshiƙi. <ref name="AMG-Singles" /> An samar da bidiyon kiɗan don guda ɗaya, wanda ya sami wasan TV na Amurka na Amurka kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta MTV Video Music Award ta shekara ta 1994 don Mafi Kyawun Bidiyo. Ya kai lamba ta talatin da biyu 32 a kan Chart Singles UK. <ref name="EveryHit" /> "Lodi Dodi" da "Murder Was the Case" ba 'yan wasa bane na hukuma, amma sun karɓi wasan rediyo kuma an tsara su a cikin Rhythmic Top 40 . <ref name="AMG-Singles"/> An harbi bidiyon kiɗan na mintuna sha takwas 18 don waƙoƙin guda biyu, tare da rakiyar ''muryar Was Case'' . <ref>. name="autogenerated1">David Browne (February 3, 1995). [https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,296002,00.html Murder Was the Case: The Movie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018202220/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,296002,00.html |date=2012-10-18 }}. ''Entertainment Weekly''. Retrieved June 4, 2008.</ref> Bidiyon ya lashe kyautar Bidiyon Shekararshekara ta 1995 a The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards. An zabi "Gin da Juice" a Grammy Awards na 1995 don Mafi Kyawun Ayyukan Rap . Waƙar kari, "Gz Up, Hoes Down", an haɗa shi a cikin matsi na farko na kundi, amma ba a cikin sigogin baya ba saboda lamuran samfuri. Snoop Doggy Dogg ba zai iya samun haƙƙin amfani da bugun ba saboda kamfanin rikodin bai yarda ya biya kuɗin lasisi don amfani da samfuran ba. <ref name="SnoopDogg">[http://www.snoop-dogg.com/doggystyle19.php Snoop Dogg Lyrics, Pictures, Albums and more]{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Snoop-Dogg.com. Retrieved April 20, 2008.</ref> "Gz Up, Hoes Down" daga baya an sake shi akan tarin Rukunin Mutuwa " Shekaru 15 akan Rage Mutuwa ". An jera "Tha Next Episode" akan murfin, amma ba a haɗa shi cikin kowane matsi ba. Anyi la'akari da ainihin kayan da aka yi amfani da shi don Dokar 2000 Dre guda ɗaya " The Next Episode " amma ba ta da kama da waƙar ta baya. Ya kasance 4&nbsp;mintuna da 36&nbsp;daƙiƙa (4:36) tsayi. <ref name="DubCNN">[http://www.dubcnn.com/reviews/doggystyle Album Analysis]. DubCNN.com. Retrieved April 20, 2008.</ref> Daga baya an sake sakin "Tha Next Episode" a kan Dr. Dre mixtape ''Pretox a ƙarƙashin sunan "Zaman Gidan Rediyon da Ba'' a Saɓa ba", amma 1:10 kawai. "Doggystyle" wanda ke nuna George Clinton ya kasance tsawon lokaci 5:26 daga zaman kundin kundi. Waƙar waƙa ce tare da muryoyin da ke mamaye waƙar kuma tana ba da samfuran "Oh I" ta Funkadelic daga kundin su ''The Electric Spanking of War Babies''. Jewell & The Brides of Funkenstein an nuna su akan mawaƙa. <ref name="DubCNN" /> An saki waƙar a kan ''Row Mutuwa: The Lost Sessions Vol. 1'' daga cikin sauran waƙoƙin da Snoop Doggy Dogg ya yi rikodin lokacin da yake aiki a Row Mutuwa. == Legacy da tasiri == === Waƙar hip-hop === ''Doggystyle'' ana ganin yawancin masu hasashe na hip hop a matsayin "na gargajiya" da kundin "mahimmanci". <ref name="About">[http://rap.about.com/od/top10albums/ss/EssentialAlbums.htm 10 Essential Hip-Hop Albums] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816005758/http://rap.about.com/od/top10albums/ss/EssentialAlbums.htm |date=2016-08-16 }}. About. Retrieved April 16, 2008.</ref> An ba shi lada tare da ayyana mawaƙin hip -hop na Yammacin Kora; juyar da ƙarfafawa zuwa ƙarin karin waƙa, mai jan hankali, da bugun da aka jawo. About.com ya bayyana a lokacin lokacin da aka fitar da kundin, "Gangsta rap bai taɓa yin daɗi da daɗi ba." A album ne aka yaba domin kara kafa slurred "m drawl" cewa miƙa hadaya lyrical mawuyaci ga tsabta da rhythmic cadence a kan ''Doggystyle'' da kuma ''The kullum.'' <ref name="AMG-Bio"/> Ana ɗaukar kundin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin G-funk na farko salon da yawancin mawaƙa suka yi kwafin su a shekarun baya. <ref name="AMG" /> === Al'adun hip-hop === Wasu marubuta da wallafe-wallafe sun ba da shawarar cewa ''Doggystyle'' ya shafi al'adun Ba-Amurke da yawa. Wasu wallafe -wallafen sun ɗauki nau'in rap ɗin da alhakin matsalolin zamantakewa kamar cin zarafin jima'i da jima'i, wanda aka ɗora wa Snoop Doggy Dogg da sauran mawaƙa don kiran waƙoƙinsu masu rikitarwa "kiyaye shi da gaske." Matsalolin tashe -tashen hankulan jima'i da jima'i ana danganta su da waƙoƙin da ke ƙasƙantar da mata kamar "bitches" da "ho's," waɗanda wasu ke ganin sun yi tasiri ga baƙar fata maza. Snoop Doggy Dogg da sauran mawakan hip-hop, gami da NWA, musamman Eazy-E, Dr. Dre da Ice Cube (saboda nasarar da suka samu) da 2Pac, an dora alhakin su wajen haɓaka sigar rap na gangsta; nau'in da ya bayyana fushin ƙasan da ke cikin birni da kuma jin tsananin zalunci da tawaye, <ref name="Rap-BlackRage" /> wanda aka samu ta hanyar ikon sadarwa ba tare da takunkumi ba, kuma ya ba da damar al'adar hip hop ta zama babban salon da ɗabi'a a ko'ina duniya. <ref name="Rap-BlackRage" /> Mariah Carey ta ɗauki samfurin waƙar "Ain No No Fun (Idan Gidajen Ba Za Su Iya Ba)" a cikin kundi na 1999 ''Rainbow'' don remix of Heartbreaker wanda ya ƙunshi Missy Elliott da Da Brat . Marubutan ''Enculturation'', Steven Best da Douglas Kellner, sun lura cewa Snoop Doggy Dogg da sauran masu yin fyade kawai suna yin Allah wadai da tashin hankali lokacin da aka kai musu hari, in ba haka ba "suna yin bikin, suna sanya shi a ciki, kuma suna rungumar shi azaman ɗabi'a da hanyoyin bayyana kai., ”wanda wasu ke ganin yana da tasiri a kan laifin bakar-fata. Sakin bidiyon kiɗan daga ''Doggystyle'' da ''The Chronic'' ya ba masu fasaha damar ƙara zane -zane na gani a cikin waƙoƙin su, wanda gabaɗaya ya haɗa da Dr.Dre da Snoop Doggy Dogg suna tuki a Kudancin Tsakiya, Los Angeles a cikin ƙaramin jirgi (abin hawa tare da saukar da dakatarwa). Wannan hoton "salon gangsta" ana tsammanin ya rinjayi samari baƙi maza don ƙoƙarin yin rayuwa iri ɗaya kuma T. Denean, marubucin ''Pimps Up, Ho's Down: Hip Hop's Hold on Young Black Women'', cewa bidiyon suna nuna wakilcin ajin, tsere da Baƙin Namiji a cikin biranen Amurka na zamani. === Aiki na gaba === ''Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar Doggystyle'' mafi kyawun kundi na Snoop Dogg, ban da kasancewa mafi girman zane-zanensa da mafi kyawun siyar da album ɗin sa kamar yadda kundin waƙoƙin sa na gaba sun sami tabbaci sau biyu Platinum, Platinum ko Gold kodayake Da Game Yakamata a Siyar, Ba Za a Ba da Labarin ba wanda aka tabbatar da yin Platinum sau biyu. ita ce album ɗin sa na biyu mafi kyawun siyarwa kuma har ila yau shine ɗayan sa wanda aka tabbatar da Platinum da yawa. <ref name="AMG-Bio"/> Ya bambanta da bin kundi kamar yadda aikinsa na baya ya nuna samarwa daga mutane da yawa, kamar The Neptunes, Timbaland da Daz Dillinger, tare da rage shigarwar daga Dr. Dre, wanda ke nuna sauyi daga samar da G-funk. <ref name="AMG-Bio" /> Kundin bin diddigin Snoop Doggy Dogg, ''Tha Doggfather'' (1996), bai ƙunshi Dr. Dre ba, yayin da ya bar Rikodin Ruwa. A sakamakon haka, DJ Pooh shine babban mai bugun kidan. ''Tha Doggfather ya'' bi hanyoyin rikodin G-funk kuma da farko ya siyar da kyau, amma ya sami bita iri-iri kuma ya kasa samar da babbar nasara. <ref name="AMG-Bio" /> A cikin 1998, Snoop Dogg ya bar Row Mutuwa kuma ya shiga No Limit Records, yana canza sunan sa daga Snoop Doggy Dogg zuwa Snoop Dogg. A lokacin da yake kan lakabin, ya ci gaba da jigogi da yawa daga ''Doggystyle'' tare da bibiya zuwa waƙoƙin da suka gabata, kamar "Gin & Juice II" (1998) da " Snoop Dogg (Menene Sunana II) " (2000). <ref name="AMG-R&G">David Jeffries. [{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r719692|pure_url=yes}} R&G (Rhythm & Gangsta): The Masterpiece > Overview]. Allmusic. Accessed May 11, 2008.</ref> Albam ɗin ɗakin studio na gaba kamar su ''Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss'' (2002) da ''R&amp;amp;G (Rhythm &amp;amp; Gangsta): Babbar Jagora'' (2004) ta nuna mafi mahimmanci, jigon da aka saba da shi tare da sabbin sautuna, amma ya kasance "mai ƙarfi a ko'ina" kuma an nuna shi " yawan tituna da roƙon kasuwanci ". <ref name="AMG-R&G"/> Waɗannan fitowar sun haɗa da mawaƙa guda uku da aka buga, " Kyakkyawa ", " Sauke shi Kamar Zafi " da " Alamomi ". An ba da lambar yabo ga Snoop Dogg don dawowa zuwa tushen sa na G-funk a cikin 2006, wanda aka kafa tare da kundin studio na takwas, ''Tha Blue Carpet Treatment'' (2006). <ref name="AMG-Bio"/> An lura da kundin don kasancewa "rikodin G-Funk mai wuya da ƙima". <ref name="AMG-Bio" />. == Tarba mai mahimmanci == {{Album reviews|rev1=[[AllMusic]]|rev6Score={{rating|4|5}}<ref name="Doyle"/>|rev10=''[[Spin Alternative Record Guide]]''|rev9Score=4/5<ref name=TheSource>{{cite journal|last=Dennis|first=Reginald C.|url=http://ifihavent.wordpress.com/2007/04/10/classic-review-doggystyle-in-the-source-1994/|title=Snoop Doggy Dogg: Doggystyle|journal=[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]|location=New York|issue=53|date=February 1994|issn=1063-2085|access-date=May 16, 2008|archive-date=September 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925101331/http://ifihavent.wordpress.com/2007/04/10/classic-review-doggystyle-in-the-source-1994/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|rev9=''[[The Source (magazine)|The Source]]''|rev8Score={{Rating|5|5}}<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Snoop Dogg|last=Relic|first=Peter|title=[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide|The New Rolling Stone Album Guide]]|edition=4th|year=2004|editor1-last=Brackett|editor1-first=Nathan|editor2-last=Hoard|editor2-first=Christian|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=0-7432-0169-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newrollingstonea00brac/page/755 755–56]}}</ref>|rev8=''[[The Rolling Stone Album Guide]]''|rev7Score={{Rating|4|5}}<ref name=RollingStone>{{cite journal|author=Touré|author-link=Touré (journalist)|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/87309/review/6067798/doggystyle|title=Doggystyle: Snoop Dogg|journal=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=January 24, 1994|access-date=April 19, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514053855/http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/87309/review/6067798/doggystyle|archive-date=May 14, 2008}}</ref>|rev7=''[[Rolling Stone]]''|rev6=''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]''|rev1Score={{Rating|5|5}}<ref name=AMG/>|rev5Score={{Rating|3.5|4}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Gold|first=Jonathan|url=https://articles.latimes.com/1993-11-21/entertainment/ca-59113_1_point-snoop-doggy-dogg|title=Snoop Doggy Dogg: A 'Style' All His Own|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 21, 1993|access-date=July 11, 2016}}</ref>|rev5=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|rev4Score=B−<ref name=EW>{{cite journal|last=Browne|first=David|author-link=David Browne (journalist)|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1993/12/10/doggystyle|title=Doggystyle|journal=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|location=New York|date=December 10, 1993|access-date=April 19, 2008|archive-date=January 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103232231/https://ew.com/article/1993/12/10/doggystyle/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|rev4=''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''|rev3Score={{Rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music|The Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]|last=Larkin|first=Colin|author-link=Colin Larkin (writer)|publisher=[[Omnibus Press]]|edition=5th concise|year=2011|isbn=978-0-85712-595-8}}</ref>|rev3=''[[Encyclopedia of Popular Music]]''|rev2Score={{Rating|4|4}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Abdul-Adil|first=Jaleel|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4204510.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119064345/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4204510.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 19, 2018|title=Dogged Determination Delivers a Hit for Snoop|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|date=December 12, 1993|access-date=October 19, 2016|url-access=subscription }}</ref>|rev2=''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''|rev10Score=6/10<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Spin Alternative Record Guide]]|editor1-last=Weisbard|editor1-first=Eric|editor2-last=Marks|editor2-first=Craig|publisher=[[Vintage Books]]|year=1995|isbn=0-679-75574-8}}</ref>}}''An saki Doggystyle'' don yabon da ake yi. ''Marubucin Rolling Stone'' Touré ya ambaci " ''Doggystyle'' ya cika da abubuwan magana da na murya waɗanda suka cika babban tsammaninsa. Yana gudana ta hanyar 55&nbsp;mintuna na magana akai kamar a layin zafi mai kashe kansa ". David Browne na ''Nishaɗin Mako-mako ya'' lura "Shi ne mafi ƙarancin, ɗan ƙaramin mahayi gangsta album har zuwa yau" kuma ya ci gaba da cewa " ''Doggystyle'' mummunan rikodi ne. An saita ta a ƙarshen duniya, babu gobe na abubuwan jin daɗi masu arha ". Stephen Thomas Erlewine na AllMusic ya bayyana " ''Doggystyle'' da ''The Chronic sun'' tsaya tare da alfahari a matsayin tagwayen filayen West Coast G-funk hip-hop na farkon '90s" ''mujallar Stylus da'' aka gabatar "The Chronic vs. Labarin Doggystyle ", kuma ya faɗi ƙaƙƙarfan magana na ''Doggystyle'' idan aka kwatanta da kundin Dre shine biyun biyun kuma cewa" wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin kundin sun shahara fiye da mara aure ". ''Mujallar Vibe'' ta bayyana cewa "Snoop ba ɗan gandun daji ba ne; wannan ba zai yiwu ba ga mai zane wannan ɗan wasa. A farkonsa, tare da waƙoƙin harbin bindiga na Dre suna yawaita kamar yadda cin hanci da rashawa ya ɓarke ”. ''Mujallar Source'' ta ba wa kundin fa'idar 4/5 mic. Ya ce Snoop Doggy Dogg ya fito a matsayin mawakin da ya rayu har zuwa duk abin da ya faru wanda ya fito daga aikinsa a kan ''The Chronic'', kuma ya tattauna waƙoƙi a kan rikodin, yana mai cewa "Idan 'Kisan Kisa' 'bugun jini ne na kusa da hazaka, to 'Lodi Dodi' misali ne na cikakkiyar baiwa. " ''Mujallar NME'' ta kira gubar farko "babban abin da ya ci nasara ba tare da wahala ba" kuma ya ci gaba da ba da suna rikodin "kundin ma'auni". Kundin ya kuma sami wasu suka da suka. Erlewine na AllMusic ya ambaci faifan bai “yi mamaki ko bayar da wani abin da ba a kan ''The Chronic'' ” ba. Christopher John Farley ya lura cewa Snoop Doggy Dogg ba shi da ɗan bincike kan motsin zuciyar sa. <ref name="Time"/> David Browne ya yi magana game da "Ain't No Fun", yana mai cewa misali ne na yadda "waƙar fasaha, amma duk da haka mai raira waƙa, wannan kundin zai iya zama" kuma ya ci gaba da cewa "Yana da sauƙi a burge ɗan lokaci ɗaya kuma ya firgita na gaba" . Shahararren mai sukar dutsen Robert Christgau ya ba wa kundin fa'idar "dud", wanda ke nuna "mummunan rikodin wanda cikakkun bayanai ba sa cancanci ƙarin tunani. A matakin babba yana iya zama mai wuce gona da iri, abin takaici, ko mara daɗi. A ƙasa yana iya zama abin ƙyama. ” ''Dan ''' Kny Danny Kelly ya lura: "Rikodin Snoop Doggy Dogg ya fi ko aasa girmama 19-waƙa ga/raye-rayen raunin George At ' Atomic Dog '&nbsp;. . . Yana karkata ya zama tabawa mara misaltuwa; a tad, bari mu kasance masu gaskiya, marasa ban sha'awa&nbsp;. . . Kuma hannun riga yana gasa tare da The Waterboys ' ''Dream Harder'' da Billy Joel 's ''Kogin Mafarki'' a matsayin mafi munin haɗe da sakin kwanan nan. " Duk da sukar da aka yi na farko, hasashe mai mahimmanci na kundin daga baya ya inganta, kamar yadda ''Doggystyle'' ya sami yabo da martaba da dama akan jerin <nowiki>'' mafi kyawun kundi ''</nowiki>. <ref name="AcclaimedMusic"/> Yin bita na sake fitar da kundin ya haɓaka ''ƙimar Q'' daga taurari uku zuwa huɗu daga cikin biyar. Tom Doyle mai sharhi ya ce "Na gargajiya na zamani." ''Mujallar Source'' daga baya ta ba wa kundin ɗin ƙima mai girman mic-biyar. === Amincewa === Bayanai game da yabo da aka danganta ga ''Doggystyle'' an daidaita su daga AcclaimedMusic.net. <ref name="AcclaimedMusic">"[http://www.acclaimedmusic.net/061024/A896.htm Snoop Doggy Dogg - ''Doggystyle'']". AcclaimedMusic.net. Accessed May 20, 2008.</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Bugawa ! Ƙasa ! Amincewa ! Shekara ! Matsayi |- | Game da.com | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Muhimman Albums na Hip-Hop <ref name="About"/> | 2006 | style="text-align:center;" | 10 |- | ''Blender'' | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Faya -fayan CD guda 500 da dole ne ku mallaka kafin ku mutu <ref name="AcclaimedMusic"/> | 2003 | style="text-align:center;" | * |- | ''Tafiya Ego'' | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Albums mafi girma 25 na Hip Hop a Shekarar 1980–98 <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | 1999 | style="text-align:center;" | 3 |- | Dakata & Kunna | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | An Shigar da Albums cikin Capsule na Lokaci, Kundin peraya a Mako <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | style="text-align:center;" | - | style="text-align:center;" | * |- | Dakata & Kunna | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Manyan Albums na 90 na 100 <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | 1999 | style="text-align:center;" | 11 |- | ''Rolling Stone'' | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Muhimman Rikodin 90s <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | 1999 | style="text-align:center;" | * |- | ''Rolling Stone'' | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Manyan Albums 500 na Duk Lokaci | 2020 | style="text-align:center;" | 340 |- | ''Rolling Stone'' ( Chris Rock ) | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Manyan Albums 25 na Hip Hop <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | 2005 | style="text-align:center;" | 2 |- | ''Stylus'' | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Manyan Albums 200 na Duk Lokacin <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | 2004 | style="text-align:center;" | 115 |- | Tushen | style="text-align:center;" | Amurka | Manyan Albums na Rafi guda 100 <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | 1998 | style="text-align:center;" | * |- | Sabuwar Al'umma | Ƙasar Ingila | Manyan Albums 100 na Baƙin Mawaƙa <ref name="AcclaimedMusic" /> | style="text-align:center;" | - | style="text-align:center;" | 30 |- | Robert Dimery | style="text-align:center;" | - | ''Albums 1001 Dole Ku Ji Kafin Ku Mutu'' | 2005 | style="text-align:center;" | * |- | colspan="5" style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | * yana nuna jerin abubuwan da ba a sani ba |} == Ayyukan kasuwanci == ''Doggystyle ya'' yi muhawara a lamba ta ɗaya a kan <nowiki><i id="mwAmQ">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 na Amurka, wanda ke ba da ƙarfi ta hanyar siyar da kwafi na farko na kwafi na 806,000. Ya zuwa watan Nuwamban shekara ta 2015, faifan ya sayar da kwafe miliyan bakwai a Amurka, kuma sama da kofi miliyan goma sha ɗaya a duk duniya. Ƙungiyar Masu Rikodin Masana'antu ta Amurka ta ba da tabbacin platinum sau huɗu a ranar 31 gawatan Mayu, shekara ta 1994. Ita ce mafi kyawun kundi na Snoop Doggy Dogg; kundin wakokinsa masu zuwa sun sami tabbaci ɗaya ko biyu na platinum. ''Doggystyle ya'' fara bayyana a kan sigogin kiɗa a cikin shekara ta 1993, yana kan <nowiki><i id="mwAnE">Billboard</i></nowiki> shekara ta 200 da Top R <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; B/Hip-Hop Albums a No. 1. Ya sake komawa a lamba ta ɗaya akan ''Billboard shekara ta'' 200 a cikin Janairu shekara ta 1994, lokacin da RIAA ta riga ta ba da tabbacin platinum sau uku. <ref name="Variety">Bruce Haring (February 2, 1994). [https://www.variety.com/article/VR117970.html?categoryid=16&cs=1 Albums chart course to blockbuster sales]. Variety. Retrieved June 5, 2008.</ref> Rikodin ya yi nasara cikin sauƙi a Turai, ya kai lamba kwara sha takwas 18 a Sweden, lamba 21 a Jamus da No 35 a Austria. Har ila yau, ya kai matsayi na 25 a kan rukunin masana'antar Rikodi na New Zealand ginshiƙi. A ƙarshen 1994, kundin ya kasance A'a. 3 a kan ''Billboard'' Year-End Top Albums Chart da No. 1 a kan ''Billboard'' Year-End Top R & B/Hip-Hop Albums Chart. <ref>[https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1994/the-billboard-200 The Billboard 200 1994]. ''Billboard''. Retrieved April 16, 2008.</ref> Ya sake shiga cikin sigogin a cikin 2003, yana kan saman Albums na Ireland&nbsp;75 a lamba 70. {{As of|September 2015}} , ta kwashe jimillar makonni 74 ba a jere ba a kan ''taswirar'' kundin Billboard 200. == Jerin waƙa == * Duk wakokin da Dr. Dre ya shirya . {{Track listing}} === Bayanan kula === * "Gz Up, Hoes Down" an haɗa shi ne kawai a kan matsi na farko na kundi. An cire shi daga baya saboda matsalolin tsabtace samfur. Daga baya an sake fitar da shi akan tarin Rikodin Rikodin Ruwa na shekara ta 2006, Shekaru shabiyar 15 akan Rage Mutuwa . * A cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|US]] asali saki ta murfin baya "Gz Up, Hoes Down" an karyata jera bayan "Pampo Pampo" maimakon nan da nan kafin. * Matsi na asali a [[Turai]] yana nuna sunayen waƙa ga duk masu shiga tsakani - sunayen waƙoƙin interlude da aka lissafa a sama an ɗauke su daga fitowar Turai. "W Balls" shine kawai tsaka -tsakin da aka jera akan asalin sakin Amurka. Duk tsaka -tsaki, gami da "W Balls" daga baya an cire su daga duk jerin waƙoƙi. * Matsalolin asali na kundi, wanda ya ƙunshi "Gz Up, Hoes Down", ya lissafa waƙar waƙa mai taken, "Tha Next Episode", amma ba ya bayyana akan kowane latsa na kundin. Ƙananan rikodin waƙar daga baya ya ɓace akan layi wani lokaci a ƙarshen shekara ta 2000s. === Yanke waƙoƙi === * "Gz Up, Hoes Down", an haɗa shi kawai akan matsi na asali na kundin. An ƙyale saboda matsalolin share samfura. * "Tha Next Episode", wanda Dr. Dre ya samar kuma ya nuna shi, an jera shi akan jerin waƙoƙin da aka bayar ga masu siyar da kaya kafin sakin faifan, amma ba ya bayyana akan kowane matsi na kundin. Irin wannan kayan aikin (watau, ya yi amfani da samfurin iri ɗaya kamar babban waƙar sa) daga baya aka yi amfani da shi don waƙar Warren G "Runnin 'Wit No Breaks" daga kundi na farko na 1994, ''Regulate.'' ''.'' ''.'' ''G Funk Era'' <ref name="djluicidal.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091217085857/http://www.djluicidal.com/2009/10/the-death-row-vaults/]</ref> Snoop Dogg da Dr. Dre daga baya sun yi rikodin waƙa mai taken " Kashi na gaba " don kundin studio na Dre na biyu, ''2001'', wanda ya sha bamban da na asali. * "Doggystyle", wanda ke nuna Jewell da George Clinton ) an yi rikodin lokacin zaman kundin amma ba a sake shi ba har sai an saka shi a cikin kundi na tarin ''mutuwa Row: The Lost Sessions Vol. 1'' <ref. name="djluicidal.com" /> * "Tushen Duk Mugunta (Outro)", wanda ke nuna Teena Marie, an yi rikodin lokacin zaman kundin amma ba a sake shi ba har sai an saka shi a cikin kundi na tarin ''mutuwa Row: The Lost Sessions Vol. 1''. Daga baya an sake yin kayan aikin sosai kuma an yi amfani da su don remix na " California Love ", ta 2Pac wanda ke nuna Dr.Dre . * "Kowace Rana Daya", wanda ke nuna Kurupt, Jewell da Nate Dogg, an yi rikodin su yayin zaman kundin, ba a sake shi ba har sai an fitar da wani sabon salo a kan kundin tattara ''Tha Dogg Pound'' ''2002''. == Ma'aikata == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} * [[Snoop Doggy Dogg]] – [[lead vocals]] * [[Dr. Dre]] – producer, vocals * [[Daz Dillinger]] – vocals, performer * [[Sam Sneed]] - performer, inspiration * [[Ulrich Wild]] – engineer * [[Tha Dogg Pound]] – performer * [[Warren G]] – performer * [[The D.O.C.]] – performer * [[The Lady of Rage]] – performer * [[RBX]] – performer * [[Kurupt]] – performer * [[Nate Dogg]] – performer {{Col-2}} * [[The Dramatics]] – performer * Emanuel Dean – producer * [[Chris "The Glove" Taylor]] – songwriter, mixing * [[Suge Knight]] – executive producer * [[Bernie Grundman]] – mastering * Chi Modu – photography * Nanci Fletcher – performer, vocals (featured and background) * [[Dan Winters]] – photography * Kimberly Holt – artwork * Kimberly Brown – project coordinator * Joe Cool – cover artwork {{Col-end}} * Lasheena Denty - mai wasan kwaikwayo, muryoyi (fasali) == Charts == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} ===Weekly charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (1993–2015) ! scope="col" | Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Australia|24|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="AUS"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Austria|35|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="AUT"}} |- ! scope="row" | Canadian Albums ([[RPM (magazine)|''RPM'']])<ref name="CANAl">{{cite web | url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2333&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5 | title=Top Albums/CDs – Volume 58, No. 23, December 18, 1993 | publisher=[[Walt Grealis]] | work=[[RPM (magazine)|RPM]] | access-date=May 29, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025153156/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?&file_num=nlc008388.2333&type=1&interval=50&PHPSESSID=c6btf3r8hs459qqt5ln3o3dcv5 | archive-date=2014-10-25 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | 10 |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Netherlands|34|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="NLD"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Germany|21|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="GER"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Ireland|70|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="IRL"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|New Zealand|25|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="NZ"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Sweden|18|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="SWE"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Switzerland|24|artist=Snoop Doggy Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="SWI"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|UK|38|M|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/snoop%20dogg/|title=Snoop Dogg {{!}} Artist {{!}} Official Charts|date=1993-12-11|publisher=[[UK Albums Chart]]. [[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=May 29, 2014}} |- ! scope="row"{{Album chart|UKR&B|12|date=2001-07-07}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|Billboard200|1|artist=Snoop Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="US200"}} |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|BillboardRandBHipHop|1|artist=Snoop Dogg|album=Doggystyle|access-date=May 29, 2014|refname="USR&BAl"}} |- |} {{Col-2}} === Catalog charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (1997–2015) ! scope="col" | Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row" {{album chart|BillboardCatalog|7|artist=Snoop Dogg|album=Doggystyle}} |- ! scope="row"|US [[Billboard charts|R&B/Hip-Hop Catalog Albums]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']])<ref>{{cite web | url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=Snoop Dogg|chart=R&B/Hip-Hop Catalog Albums}} | title=Snoop Doggy Dogg – Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Catalog Albums | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=October 10, 2015}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|3 |} ===Year-end charts=== {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (1994) ! scope="col" | Position |- ! scope="row"| German Albums ([[GfK Entertainment|Offizielle Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/album-jahr/for-date-1994|title=Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts|language=de|work=[[GfK Entertainment]]|publisher=offiziellecharts.de|access-date=November 13, 2020}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|78 |- ! scope="row"| US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1994/the-billboard-200|title=Billboard 200 albums year end 1994|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|3 |- ! scope="row"| US [[Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Top+R%26B/Hip-Hop+Albums&g=Year-end+Albums&year=1994|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211065742/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=Top+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Albums&g=Year-end+Albums&year=1994|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-12-11|title=Billboard Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums year end 1994|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=2009-09-08}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|1 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (1995) ! scope="col" | Position |- ! scope="row"| US [[Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums]] ([[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1995/top-r-b-hip-hop-albums|title=Billboard Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums year end 1995|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|100 |} ===Decade-end charts=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (1990–1999) ! scope="col" | Position |- ! scope="row" | US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name="1990sbb">{{Cite book | author = Geoff Mayfield | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9w0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA4 | title = 1999 The Year in Music Totally '90s: Diary of a Decade - The listing of Top Pop Albums of the '90s & Hot 100 Singles of the '90s | publisher = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | date = December 25, 1999 | access-date = October 15, 2010}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|64 |} {{Col-end}} == Takaddun shaida == == Tarihin saki == {| class="wikitable" !Yanki ! Kwanan wata ! Tsarin (s) ! Lakabi ! Ref. |- | rowspan="2" | Amurka | 10 ga Nuwamba, 1993 | kaset | Tekun Atlantika | |- | Nuwamba 23, 1993 |{{Hlist|[[Compact disc|CD]]|[[LP record|LP]]}} |{{Hlist|[[Death Row Records|Death Row]]|[[Interscope Records|Interscope]]}} |- |} * Jerin kundin wakokin hip hop da ake ganin suna da tasiri * Jerin kundin kundin lamba-ɗaya na 1993 (Amurka ) * Jerin kundin kundin lamba na ɗaya na 1994 (Amurka ) * Jerin kundin kundin R&amp;amp;B na lamba-ɗaya na 1993 (Amurka ) * Jerin kundin kundin R&amp;amp;B na lamba-ɗaya na 1994 (Amurka ) * Ƙarshen Shekarar Billboard == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rttphhitqttf6xwrnzx6564lds6bdzn 0 25793 839568 220852 2026-05-24T04:56:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dattilam''' ( दत्तिलम् ), ya kasan ce wani tsohon rubutun kiɗan Indiya ne wanda aka danganta wa mai hikima (muni) Dattila. An yi imanin cewa an haɗa shi jim kaɗan bayan Natya Shastra na Bharata, kuma an yi kwanan wata tsakanin ƙarni na 1st<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musicalnirvana.com/introduction/ancient_history4.html |title=Musical Nirvana - Introduction to Indian Classical Music<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2021-10-03 |archive-date=2021-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003123942/http://www.musicalnirvana.com/introduction/ancient_history4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da na 4th<ref>[http://www.itcsra.org/sra_hcm/sra_hcm_chrono/sra_hcm_chrono_300ad.html The Chronology : 300AD-600AD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>  Amma Bharathamuni ya yi tsokaci kan rubutun "Dattilam" a cikin aikinsa na bikin "Natyashastra" (1-26) don haka akwai imani cewa Dattilam na iya zama aikin da aka shirya kafin Bharata Muni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.musicalnirvana.com/introduction/ancient_history4.html |title=Musical Nirvana - Introduction to Indian Classical Music<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2021-10-03 |archive-date=2021-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003123942/http://www.musicalnirvana.com/introduction/ancient_history4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.itcsra.org/sra_hcm/sra_hcm_chrono/sra_hcm_chrono_300ad.html The Chronology : 300AD-600AD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Tarihi== An rubuta shi a cikin ayoyi 244, Dattilam ya yi iƙirarin zama haɗin ayyukan farko da aka yi akan kiɗa. Rubutun yana nuna canji daga sama-gayan (waƙoƙin al'ada kamar yadda yake a Samaveda), zuwa abin da aka sani da kiɗan gandharva, bayan gandharvas, ƙwararrun ruhohi waɗanda aka fara ambata a cikin Mahabharata. Dattilam ya tattauna ma'auni ( swara ), bayanin tushe (sthana), kuma ya ayyana tsarin sautin da ake kira grama dangane da tsaka-tsakin micro-tonal 22 (sruti) wanda ya ƙunshi octave ɗaya. Hakanan yana tattauna shirye-shirye daban-daban na bayanan (murchhana ), tsinkaye da haɗe-haɗe na jerin bayanai (tanas), da alankara ko bayani. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} taahyenz6wgcyqipidqp9tpssgsbiwr 0 27097 839540 833362 2026-05-24T00:44:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Covid Organics By Garreth Brown.jpg|thumb|Kwalban '''Covid-Organics''']] [[Fayil:SARS-CoV-2 without background.png|thumb|cutar korona]] '''Covid-Organics''' (CVO) wani abin sha ''ne na Artemisia'' wanda Andry Rajoelina, shugaban [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], ya yi iƙirarin zai iya rigakafi da warkar da [[Koronavirus 2019|cutar Coronavirus 2019]] (COVID-19). Ana samar da abin sha daga wani nau'in nau'in nau'in ''Artemisia<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: What is Madagascar's 'herbal remedy' Covid-Organics?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/coronavirus-madagascar-herbal-remedy-covid-organics-200505131055598.html|website=www.aljazeera.com|accessdate=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Artemisia: Madagascar's coronavirus cure or Covid-19 quackery?|url=http://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20200505-artemisia-madagascar-s-coronavirus-cure-or-covid-19-quackery-covid-organics-malaria|date=5 May 2020|website=RFI|language=en|accessdate=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Madagascar's 'Covid-Organics' born from local traditional|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/27203/coronavirus-madagascars-covid-organics-born-from-local-tradition/|date=1 May 2020|website=The Africa Report.com|language=en-US|accessdate=12 May 2020}}</ref>'' wanda ake fitar da artemisinin don maganin [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro.]]<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=White NJ|title=Assessment of the pharmacodynamic properties of antimalarial drugs in vivo|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=41|issue=7|pages=1413–22|date=July 1997|pmid=9210658|pmc=163932|doi=10.1128/AAC.41.7.1413}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=World Health Organization|title=Overview of malaria treatment|url=https://www.who.int/malaria/areas/treatment/overview/en/|website=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=30 May 2020}}</ref> Babu bayanan gwaji na asibiti da aka samo a bainar jama'a da ke goyan bayan aminci ko ingancin wannan abin sha. Cibiyar Bincike ta Malagasy ta haɓaka kuma ta samar da Covid-Organics a Madagascar. Madagaskar ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta yanke shawarar shigar da ''Artemisia'' cikin maganin COVID-19 lokacin da wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta Maison de l'Artemisia Faransa ta tuntubi ƙasashen Afirka da dama yayin bala'in COVID-19 . Akalla wani mai bincike daga wani yanki na Afirka, Dokta Jérôme Munyangi na [[Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]], ya ba da gudummawa. Wasu daga cikin binciken da aka yi a kan ''Artemisia'', wanda masanan Afirka suka jagoranta, an gudanar da su a Faransa da Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tshiamala|first1=Stanis Bujakera|title=Coronavirus: DRC doctor says clinical trials can begin using artemisia|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/28224/coronavirus-drc-doctor-says-clinical-trials-can-begin-using-artemisia/|website=The Africa Report|publisher=Jeune Afrique Media Group|accessdate=5 June 2020}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, 2020, Rajoelina ya ba da sanarwar a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin cewa ƙasarsa ta sami "maganin rigakafi da magani" ga COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madagascar launches 'COVID-Organics' as a remedy for the novel coronavirus|url=http://venturesafrica.com/madagascar-launches-covid-organics-as-a-remedy-for-the-novel-coronavirus/|date=23 April 2020|website=Ventures Africa|language=en-US|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-organics: Madagascar launches Africa's first cure for virus|url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/04/22/covid-organics-madagascar-launches-africa-s-first-cure-for-virus/|last=AfricaNews|date=22 April 2020|website=Africanews|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Madagascar launches herbal medicine against COVID-19|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/coronavirus/389372-madagascar-launches-herbal-medicine-against-covid-19.html|date=23 April 2020|language=en-GB|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> Rajoelina ta fito a bainar jama'a daga kwalbar Covid-Organics kuma ta ba da umarnin rarraba kasa ga iyalai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/news/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-virus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown/|title=Madagascar hands out 'miracle' virus cure as it lifts lockdown|website=guardian.ng|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722144723/https://guardian.ng/news/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-virus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya zuwa 1 ga Afrilu, 2021, Madagascar ta tabbatar da adadin mutane 24426 na COVID-19, da mutuwar 418.<ref>{{cite web|title=Worldmeters covid - 121|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/madagascar/|publisher=Worldmeters|accessdate=7 July 2020}}</ref> == Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya == A ranar 20 ga Mayun shekarar 2020, Rajoelina ya ba da sanarwar a shafinsa na Twitter cewa [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) za ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar sirri tare da Madagascar game da samar da CVO don yin aikin lura da asibiti . A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2020, Darakta Janar na WHO Tedros Adhanom ya tabbatar da taron bidiyo da Rajoelina, kuma WHO za ta hada kai da Madagascar kan bincike da haɓaka maganin COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Faivre Le Cadre|first1=Anne-Sophie|title=L'OMS va aider Madagascar à tester la tisane Covid-Organics, mais ne l'a pas homologuée|url=https://factuel.afp.com/loms-va-aider-madagascar-tester-la-tisane-covid-organics-mais-ne-la-pas-homologuee|accessdate=30 May 2020|work=AFP Covid-19 verification hub|agency=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Agence France-Presse|date=28 May 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127182022/https://factuel.afp.com/loms-va-aider-madagascar-tester-la-tisane-covid-organics-mais-ne-la-pas-homologuee|url-status=dead}}</ref> WHO ba ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da kwayoyin halittar Artemisia da ba na magunguna ba.<ref>{{cite web|title=The use of non-pharmaceutical forms of Artemisia|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/10-10-2019-the-use-of-non-pharmaceutical-forms-of-artemisia|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=5 June 2020}}</ref> Matsayin hukuma na WHO shine "tana tallafawa magungunan gargajiya da aka tabbatar a kimiyance"<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO supports scientifically-proven traditional medicine|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-supports-scientifically-proven-traditional-medicine|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=19 July 2021}}</ref> da kuma "gane da cewa maganin gargajiya, na kari da madadin magani yana da fa'idodi da yawa".<ref name="trial3statement2">{{cite web|title=WHO statement on the clinical trial of CVO+ remedy|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-statement-clinical-trial-cvo-remedy|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=19 July 2021}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Yulin shekara ta 2021, WHO ta ba da sanarwar kammala gwajin gwaji na kashi 3 na busassun busassun CVO+ a Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Madagaska (CNARP) ta Madagascar, tana mai nuna cewa za a sake nazarin sakamakon ta hanyar Shawarar Kwararru na Yanki. Kwamitin da aka kafa tare da haɗin gwiwar Afirka CDC . Kwamitin zai shawarci masana'anta akan matakai na gaba da zai ɗauka.<ref name="trial3statement2"/> == Rigima == Yawancin sukar kimiyya sun biyo bayan ƙaddamar da Covid-Organics daga ciki da wajen Afirka. Kafin yin aiki tare da Madagascar, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) ta ba da gargadi game da amfani da maganin COVID-19 da ba a gwada ba kuma ta ce 'yan Afirka sun cancanci maganin da ya bi ta hanyar gwajin kimiyya. A lokacin, an gwada inganci da amincin Covid-Organics akan mutane ƙasa da 20 a cikin tsawon makonni uku.<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 May 2020|title=Do not use untested Covid-19 remedies, WHO warns|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52544187|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO sceptical as coronavirus 'cure' distributed in Africa|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/who-sceptical-as-coronavirus-cure-distributed-in-africa-1.4250671|last1=Gulu|first1=Sally Hayden in|last2=Ug|website=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020|last3=a}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Unproven herbal remedy against COVID-19 could fuel drug-resistant malaria, scientists warn|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/unproven-herbal-remedy-against-covid-19-could-fuel-drug-resistant-malaria-scientists|last1=NordlingMay. 6|first1=Linda|last2=2020|date=6 May 2020|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020|last3=Pm|first3=4:00}}</ref>Don saduwa da ingantattun ka'idodin kimiyya, daga baya ɓangarorin biyu sun amince da haɗin gwiwa don Covid-Organics da za a yi rajista don gwajin Haɗin kai na WHO, shirin ƙasa da ƙasa don bin diddigin gwajin asibiti cikin sauri kan ƴan takarar jinya na COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ranaivoson|first1=Garry Fabrice|title=Injection contre le conronavirus - Coup d'envoi des essai cliniques|url=https://lexpress.mg/27/05/2020/injection-contre-le-coronavirus-coup-denvoi-des-essais-cliniques/|accessdate=5 June 2020|work=L'express de Madagascar|agency=L'express de Madagascar|publisher=L'express de Madagascar|language=French}}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU) ta bukaci cikakken bayanan kimiyya kan Covid-Organics don yin nazari daga Afirka CDC bayan da hukumomin Madagascar suka yi mata bayani game da maganin ganye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa CDC to obtain data on Madagascar's herbal COVID-19 'cure'|url=https://ewn.co.za/2020/05/06/africa-cdc-to-obtain-data-on-madagascar-s-herbal-covid-19-cure|last=Ngatane|first=Nthakoana|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=African Union presses Madagascar on efficacy of Covid-Organics 'tonic'|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/africa/article/3083479/coronavirus-african-union-presses-madagascar-efficacy-covid|date=8 May 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=African body discussing Madagascar's 'herbal Covid mix'|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/african-body-discussing-madagascars-herbal-covid-mix/1830004|website=www.aa.com.tr|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Afirka sun bayyana sha'awarta ga bayanai na Covid-Organics don manufar haɓaka ingantaccen magani mai inganci cikin sauri.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fabricius|first1=Peter|title=Africa's chief Covid-19 fighter encouraged by the flattening of the speed at which the virus is spreading|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-05-22-africas-chief-covid-19-fighter-encouraged-by-the-flattening-of-the-speed-at-which-the-virus-is-spreading/#gsc.tab=0|accessdate=5 June 2020|work=Daily Maverick|publisher=Styli Charalambous}}</ref> A cikin watan Afrilu, kungiyar [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|raya tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afirka]] (ECOWAS) ta musanta bayar da odar wani kunshin na CVO bayan rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai cewa ta ba da umarnin CVO, ta kuma ce hukumar lafiya ta yammacin Afirka (WAHO) za ta amince da shi ne kawai.&nbsp;samfuran da aka nuna suna da inganci da aminci don amfani ta hanyar sanannun hanyar kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ECOWAS denies endorsing Madagascan Covid-Organics herbal remedy|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/coronavirus/391801-ecowas-denies-endorsing-madagascan-covid-organics-herbal-remedy.html|date=7 May 2020|language=en-GB|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ECOWAS Denies Endorsing Any Herbal Product for COVID-19|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/ecowas-denies-endorsing-any-herbal-product-for-covid-19-2020-05-08|website=MarketWatch|language=en-US|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-date=2021-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114194618/https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/ecowas-denies-endorsing-any-herbal-product-for-covid-19-2020-05-08|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ECOWAS denies ordering COVID-19 organic medication - P.M. News|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/05/07/ecowas-denies-ordering-covid-19-organic-medication/|website=www.pmnewsnigeria.com|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> Yayin da damuwa game da lafiyar CVO ke girma, Afirka ta Kudu ta ba da taimako don taimakawa Madagascar don gudanar da gwajin asibiti akan tonic na ganye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Africa steps up to help Madagascar test herbal cure for Covid-19|url=http://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20200508-south-africa-steps-up-to-help-madagascar-test-herbal-cure-for-covid-19|date=8 May 2020|website=RFI|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> Akwai damuwa game da yawaitar amfani da ''Artemisia yana'' haɓaka juriya na magani ga ACTs don maganin [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/15/africa/madagascar-coronavirus-herbal-remedy-who-intl/index.html|title=Amid WHO warnings and with no proof, someAfrican nations turn to herbal tonic to try to treat Covid-19|date=15 May 2020|access-date=4 June 2020|publisher=CNN}}</ref> Tun daga watan Janairun 2021, an kammala gwajin kashi na II na abin sha, amma Madagascar ta ki amincewa da bukatar bayanai.<ref>{{cite news|title=Africa's attempt to regulate traditional medicine fails to gain traction|url=https://www.devex.com/news/africa-s-attempt-to-regulate-traditional-medicine-fails-to-gain-traction-98999|work=Devex|date=28 January 2021}}</ref> == Mataimaki == Fiye da ƙasashen Afirka 20 da Caribbean sun karɓi CVO har zuwa Mayu 2020 don yaƙar COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Will|title=Madagascar to test 'injectable' Covid cure|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/05/27/madagascar-test-injectable-covid-cure/|accessdate=5 June 2020|work=The Telegraph|date=27 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=10 May 2020|title=Madagascar coronavirus herbal mix draws demand from across Africa despite WHO misgivings|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-madagascar-idUSKBN22K1HQ|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Mayu, [[Gwamnatin Ghana|a ƙarshe gwamnatin Ghana ta]] ba da odar CVO don yin gwaji bayan makonni na matsin lamba daga mutanen Ghana cewa a yi amfani da maganin ganye don dakatar da yaduwar cutar Coronavirus.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nunoo|first=Favour|date=20 May 2020|title=Ghana request for Madagascar Covid-19 herbal cure for testing|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/52736039|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana coronavirus: 6,096 cases, govt eyes Madagascar 'remedy'|url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/05/20/coronavirus-updates-from-ghana/|last=AfricaNews|date=20 May 2020|website=Africanews|language=en|access-date=21 May 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610003658/http://www.africanews.com/2020/06/01/coronavirus-updates-from-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A karshen watan Afrilu, [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]], daga cikin na farko da suka nuna goyon baya ga maganin, ta aika da wakili na musamman zuwa Madagascar don ba da gudummawar jigilar CVO.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alfa Shaban|first1=Abdur Rahman|title=COVID-Organics: Madagascar donates 'cure mixture' to Equatorial Guinea|url=https://www.africanews.com/2020/05/01/covid-organics-madagascar-donates-cure-mixture-to-equatorial-guinea//|accessdate=5 June 2020|work=Africa News|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130230229/https://www.africanews.com/2020/05/01/covid-organics-madagascar-donates-cure-mixture-to-equatorial-guinea//|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ƙasashen da suka sami jigilar CVO sun haɗa da:<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tih|first1=Felix|title='WHO commends Madagascar's fight against COVID-19'|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/who-commends-madagascars-fight-against-covid-19/1848550|accessdate=5 June 2020|agency=Andalou Agency|date=21 May 2020}}</ref> {{div col}} * [[Tanzania]] * [[Guinea Bissau]] * [[Nigeria]] * [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] * [[Republic of Congo]] * [[Equatorial Guinea]] * [[Ghana]] * [[Liberia]] * [[Senegal]] * [[Republic of Chad]] * [[Comoros]] * [[Niger]] * [[Haiti]] {{div col end}} == Covid-organics Plus == A ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2020, Shugaba Andry Rajoelina ya buɗe wata masana'antar likitanci mai suna "Pharmalagasy" kuma a hukumance ta fara samar da kwayoyin CVO mai suna "CVO-plus".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rasolo|first=Fano|date=2021-01-04|title=Usine Pharmalagasy : lancement du gélule CVO Plus|url=https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Usine-Pharmalagasy-lancement-du-gelule-CVO-Plus.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Madagascar-Tribune.com|language=fr|archive-date=2021-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120230406/https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Usine-Pharmalagasy-lancement-du-gelule-CVO-Plus.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Madagascar : les gélules CVO+, nouveau "remède" contre le Covid-19 ?|url=https://afrique.tv5monde.com/information/madagascar-les-gelules-cvo-nouveau-remede-contre-le-covid-19|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008144957/https://afrique.tv5monde.com/information/madagascar-les-gelules-cvo-nouveau-remede-contre-le-covid-19|archive-date=2020-10-08|access-date=|website=TV5 Monde Afrique}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1255803/retrieve WHO - Shirin Malaria na Duniya - Amfani da nau'ikan ''Artemisia marasa magani''] * [https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-supports-scientifically-proven-traditional-medicine Sanarwar WHO game da amfani da magungunan gargajiya akan Covid-19] == Manazarta == [[Category:Covid-19]] ldl9gvz98v3jxodo4ictpv8sbth4quw 0 29863 839631 727693 2026-05-24T10:43:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839631 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Aquamarine water pool at Bumpass Hell-8882.jpg|thumb]]   '''Dokokin [[ingancin ruwa]]''' ana sarrafa kariya ga albarkatun ruwa domin lafiyar ɗan adam dakuma [[muhalli]]. Dokokin ingancin ruwa ka'idojin noma ne ko buƙatu da ke kula da ingancin ruwa, wato, yawan [[Gurbataccen haske a Hawaii|gurɓataccen]] ruwa a wasu ƙididdigar ruwa. Irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi na gabaɗaya ana bayyana su azaman mataken ƙayyadaddun gurɓataccen ruwa (ko sinadarai, na zahiri, na halitta, ko na rediyo) waɗanda ake ganin an yarda da su a cikin ƙarar ruwa, kuma gabaɗaya an ƙirƙira su dangane da amfanin ruwan da aka yi niyya - ko don amfanin ɗan adam, masana'antu ko amfanin gida, nishaɗi, ko matsayin wurin zama na ruwa.  Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan dokokin suna ba da ƙa'idodi game da canjin sinadarai, jiki, radiyo, da halayen halittu na albarkatun ruwa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oceanfdn.org/ha/diflomasiya-kimiyyar-teku/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-27 |archive-date=2025-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030101850/https://oceanfdn.org/ha/diflomasiya-kimiyyar-teku/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>.  Ƙoƙarin tsari na iya haɗawa da ganowa da rarraba gurɓataccen ruwa, ƙididdige yawan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin albarkatun ruwa, da iyakance fitar da gurɓataccen ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.  Wuraren da aka tsara sun haɗa da kula da najasa da zubar da ruwa, sarrafa sharar masana'antu da aikin gona, da kula da kwararar ruwa daga wuraren gine-gine da wuraren birane.  Dokokin ingancin ruwa suna ba da tushe ga ƙa'idodi a cikin ma'aunin ruwa, saka idanu, dubawa da izini da ake buƙata, da aiwatarwa.  Ana iya canza waɗannan dokoki don biyan buƙatu na yanzu da abubuwan da suka fi fifiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO {{!}} Developing drinking-water quality regulations and standards |url=http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/developing-dwq-regulations/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715004110/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/developing-dwq-regulations/en/ |archive-date=July 15, 2018 |access-date=2020-11-08 |website=WHO}}</ref> == Ruwa mai sarrafawa ==   Halitta ta duniya tana ko'ina, ruwa, kuma tana da rikitarwa. A cikin sake zagayowar [[ruwa]], ruwa na zahiri yana motsawa ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin siyasa tsakanin [[Gajimare|yanayi]] duniya ba, [[Ruwa na sama|farfajiyar]], da [[Ruwa na kasa|ƙasa]], ta hanyar tashoshin halitta da na mutum. === Ruwa mai sarrafawa === Dokokin ingancin ruwa sun bayyana ɓangaren wannan hadadden tsarin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawar tsari.  Hukunce-hukuncen doka na iya kasancewa tare da iyakoki na siyasa (misali, wasu nauyin yarjejeniya na iya shafi gurɓacewar ruwa a duk ruwan duniya na duniya).  Wasu dokoki na iya aiki ne kawai ga wani yanki na ruwa da ke cikin iyakokin siyasa (misali, dokar ƙasa da ta shafi ruwa mai kewayawa kawai), ko ga wani nau'in ruwa na musamman (misali, albarkatun ruwan sha). === Ruwa mara tsari === Yankunan da ruwa mai sarrafawa ba ya rufe su. Bugu da ƙari, ruwan ƙetare na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar ƙetare. Ko da a cikin hukunce-hukunce, rikitarwa na iya tasowa inda ruwa ke gudana tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa, ko kuma ya cika ƙasa ba tare da ya cika shi ba har abada (wurin ruwa). == Rarrabawar gurɓata ruwa == Dokokin ingancin ruwa suna gano abubuwa da makamashi waɗanda suka cancanci "ƙazantar da ruwa" don dalilai na ƙarin iko. Daga hangen nesa, wannan yana buƙatar bayyana aji (s) na kayan da suka cancanci gurɓata, da ayyukan da ke canza kayan zuwa gurɓata. Hukumomin da ke da iko na iya amfani da ma'anoni don nuna yanke shawara na manufofi, ban da wasu nau'ikan kayan daga ma'anar gurɓataccen ruwa wanda in ba haka ba za a ɗauka ya zama gurɓatawar ruwa. Misali kamar Amurka (CWA) ta bayyana "ƙazantarwa" (watau, gurɓataccen ruwa) gabaɗaya don haɗawa da duk wani "wanda mutum ya yi ko wanda mutum ya haifar da canjin sinadarai, na zahiri, na halitta, da amincin radiological na ruwa. Duk da haka, Dokar ta bayyana "masu gurɓata muhalli" da ke ƙarƙashin ikonta musamman, a matsayin" ganima mai lalacewa, ƙaƙƙarfan sharar gida, ragowar incinerator, tace baya, najasa, datti, sludge najasa, alburusai, sharar sinadarai, kayan halitta, kayan aikin rediyo [tare da wasu keɓancewa], zafi, rushewa ko jefar da kayan aiki, dutsen da yashi, datti.r An cire ma'anar CWA don datti da aka fitar daga wasu nau'ikan tasoshin, ma'ana cewa wani nau'i na yau da kullun da mahimmanci na gurɓataccen ruwa, ta hanyar ma'anar, ba a dauke shi mai gurɓata ba don dalilai na dokar ingancin ruwa ta farko ta Amurka.<ref name="NPDES definitions2" /> (Dubi Dokar gurɓataccen jirgin ruwa a Amurka.) Kodayake gurɓatawar zafi tana ƙarƙashin tsari a ƙarƙashin CWA, tambayoyin ma'ana sun haifar da shari'a, gami da ko ma ruwa da kansa na iya cancanta a matsayin "mai gurɓata" (misali, ƙara ruwa mai dumi ga rafi). [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] ta magance waɗannan batutuwan a cikin Gundumar Kula da Ambaliyar Gida ta Los Angeles v. Majalisar Tsaro ta Halitta, Inc. (2013). == Matsayin ingancin ruwa ==   === Matsayin ingancin ruwa na yanayi === Tabbatar da ka'idojin ingancin ruwa masu dacewa gabaɗaya suna buƙatar bayanan kimiyya na zamani game da kiwon lafiya ko tasirin muhalli na gurbataccen abu a ƙarƙashin bita ta hanyar ka'idoji na ingancin ruwa. Ka'idodin ingancin ruwa sun haɗa da alamun da aka saita waɗanda ke ƙayyade idan ruwa ba shi da aminci ga lafiyar ɗan adam ko namun daji bisa ga bayanan kimiyya. Bayanan kimiyya sun haɗa da abubuwan da za a iya auna kamar zafin jiki, iskar oxygen, abubuwan gina jiki, sunadarai masu guba, gurbatawa, ƙarfe mai nauyi, kwayoyin micro gurbatawa na kwayoyin halitta, abubuwa masu rediyo, da kuma turɓaya. Ka'idodin ingancin ruwa na iya buƙatar sa ido na lokaci-lokaci ko ci gaba da jikin ruwa. Dangane da ka'idojin, yanke shawara na ka'idoji game da ka'idodin ingancin ruwa na iya canzawa don haɗa la'akari da siyasa, kamar farashin tattalin arziki da fa'idodin bin doka. A matsayin misali, Amurka tana amfani da ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙa'idodinta na ingancin ruwa na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin CWA. Shirin [https://www.epa.gov/wqc/national-recommended-water-quality-criteria-tables Ka'idodin ingancin ruwa] na Kasa (WQS) ya fara ne tare da jihohin Amurka da ke tsara amfani da aka nufa (misali, nishaɗi, ruwan sha, mazaunin halitta) don jikin ruwa, bayan haka suna haɓaka ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwa na kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-11 |title=National Recommended Water Quality Criteria Tables |url=https://www.epa.gov/wqc/national-recommended-water-quality-criteria-tables |access-date=2020-11-07 |publisher=EPA}}</ref> Ka'idodin sun haɗa da iyakokin ƙwayoyin gurbataccen lambobi, burin labari (misali, kyauta daga furewar algae), da ka'idojin halittu na labarin (watau, rayuwar ruwa da ya kamata ta iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa). <ref name="EPA-WQS2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2016-11-03 |title=What are Water Quality Standards? |url=https://www.epa.gov/wqs-tech/what-are-water-quality-standards |website=Standards for Water Body Health |publisher=EPA}}</ref> idan jikin ruwa ya gaza ƙa'idodin WQS na yanzu, jihar ta haɓaka jimlar Matsakaicin Load na Kullum (TMDL) don gurɓataccen damuwa.  Ayyukan ɗan adam da ke tasiri ingancin ruwa sannan za a sarrafa su ta wasu hanyoyin da aka tsara don cimma burin TMDL. === Ka'idodin da suka danganci fasaha === Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsabtace ta Amurka kuma tana buƙatar aiwatar da ka'idojin da suka danganci fasaha, waɗanda aka haɓaka don rukunin fitarwa na mutum bisa ga aikin fasahar magani, maimakon ka'idoji na tushen wuri na jikin ruwa. An haɓaka waɗannan ƙa'idodin don masu fitar da masana'antu da masana'antun tsabtace ƙauyuka na gari: * Ga rukunin masana'antu, EPA ta buga Jagororin Ruwa don tushen da ke akwai, da kuma Sabon Matsayin Ayyuka na Tushen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-13 |title=Learn about Effluent Guidelines |url=https://www.epa.gov/eg/learn-about-effluent-guidelines |publisher=EPA}}</ref> * Ga tsire-tsire masu tsabtace datti, Dokar Kula da Magunguna ta Sakandare ita ce ma'auni na kasa. Wadannan ka'idoji suna ba da mafi ƙarancin matakin buƙatun magani a duk faɗin ƙasa. Idan ana buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa mai tsauri don wani jikin ruwa, ana aiwatar da iyakokin ingancin ruwa. === Ƙuntatawa na Ruwa === A cikin Amurka, ana buƙatar tushen gurɓata don samun izinin fitarwa a ƙarƙashin Tsarin kawar da gurɓataccen ƙasa (NPDES). Ƙuntatawa na ruwa shine bukatun doka waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin izini daban-daban. Ƙuntatawa suna bayyana adadin da aka ba da izini na takamaiman gurɓataccen ruwa wanda za'a iya saki daga takamaiman tushe. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don tantance iyakokin da suka dace. === Matsayin ruwan sha === Ruwa da aka tsara don amfani da mutum a matsayin ruwan sha na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin takamaiman ingancin ruwan sha. A cikin Amurka, alal misali, EPA ta haɓaka irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsarki, wajibi ne ga Tsarin ruwa na jama'a, kuma ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar cikakken saka idanu da gyara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016-11-02 |title=Primacy Enforcement Responsibility for Public Water Systems |url=https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/primacy-enforcement-responsibility-public-water-systems |website=Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems |publisher=EPA}}</ref> (Ba a tsara rijiyoyin masu zaman kansu a matakin tarayya. Wasu gwamnatocin jihohi da [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] sun ba da ka'idoji ga rijiyoyin mai zaman kansu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2019-11-06 |title=Learn About Private Water Wells |url=https://www.epa.gov/privatewells/learn-about-private-water-wells |publisher=EPA}}</ref> ) == Hanawar zubar da ruwa == [[Fayil:Dump_Truck_Dumping_Toxic_Medical_Waste.png|thumb|Ana zubar da sharar gida mai guba a cikin Kogin Huallaga a Peru]] A cikin ruwan da aka tsara na ƙasa ɗaya, gwamnatoci na iya samun ikon doka don riƙe mai alhakin jam'iyya. Da zarar gurɓataccen ruwa ya shiga cikin ruwan da aka tsara na wata ƙasa kuma yana shafar ingancin ruwa, ko da gangan ko zubar da mai ba da gangan ba, sakin abubuwa masu haɗari ko masu guba, ko zubarwar sharar gida cikin yanayin ruwa, gurɓatawar iyaka ta faru.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hall |first=Noah |date=2007-01-01 |title=Transboundary Pollution: Harmonizing International and Domestic Law |url=https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/lawfrp/396 |journal=Law Faculty Research Publications}}</ref> Ana magance gurɓataccen iyaka ta hanyar yarjejeniyar muhalli ta duniya wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin nau'ikan yarjejeniyoyi biyu, uku, ko kuma yarjejeniyoyi masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics |url=https://www.springer.com/journal/10784 |access-date=2020-11-09 |website=Springer |language=en}}</ref> Dokar Kare, Bincike, da Wuri Mai Tsarki (MPRSA) ta wuce ta Majalisa don hana zubar da ruwa a cikin yanayin ruwa. Babban manufar wannan lissafin shine don hana jiragen ruwa da motoci daga da zuwa Amurka daga zubar da kayan haɗari a yankunan Amurka. Har ila yau, ya haramta kayan guba daga barin Amurka tare da manufar zubar da su da gurɓata ruwan kasa da kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OA |date=2013-01-29 |title=EPA History: Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (Ocean Dumping Act) |url=https://www.epa.gov/history/epa-history-marine-protection-research-and-sanctuaries-act-ocean-dumping-act |access-date=2021-10-07 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref>   == Bayar da izini, tattara bayanai, da kuma samun dama == === Bayar da izini === Hanyar fitar da gurbataccen abu a cikin ruwa a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Misali, ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa a Amurka. Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsabtace ta buƙaci Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) don haɓaka jagororin ruwa - ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin ruwa na masana'antu na ƙasa bisa ga aikin fasahar sarrafawa ta yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-31 |title=Effluent Guidelines |url=https://www.epa.gov/eg |publisher=EPA}}</ref> Wadannan iyakoki sun kafa ma'auni na asali na kasa don rukunin masana'antu, yawanci ta amfani da "mafi kyawun fasahar da za a iya cimma ta tattalin arziki" (BAT) don wuraren da ke akwai, da kuma "mafi kyau da aka nuna fasahar sarrafawa" don sabbin wurare. EPA ta kuma buga ka'idojin da suka danganci fasaha don ayyukan magani na jama'a (tsire-tsire na tsabtace ruwa na gari). Idan ma'auni don wani masana'antu ko kayan aiki na gari ba shi da isasshen kariya ga jikin ruwa mai karɓa, to ana iya amfani da ma'aunin ingancin ruwa don haɓaka ƙuntatawa mai tsauri ga kayan aikin. Ana aiwatar da ka'idodin masana'antu da na birni a cikin izinin fitarwa da hukumomin jihar da EPA suka bayar, a ƙarƙashin Tsarin kawar da gurbataccen kasa (NPDES). <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020-09-01 |title=National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) |url=https://www.epa.gov/npdes |publisher=EPA}}</ref> Dukkanin tushe gurɓataccen abu suna samun izini kafin a fitar da su. [[Gurbataccen yanayi|Tushen da ba na ma'ana ba]] su ƙarƙashin shirin izini ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=NPDES Permit Basics |url=https://www.epa.gov/npdes/npdes-permit-basics |publisher=EPA}}</ref>   === Tarin Bayanai ===   === Samun dama ===   === Dokar kasa da kasa === Akwai manyan kungiyoyi biyu wadanda ba na gwamnati ba wadanda suka sami ci gaba mai girma wajen inganta ingancin ruwa a duniya. Ƙungiyar Shari'a ta Duniya (ILA) da Cibiyar Shari'a Ta Duniya (IIL) sun yi aiki tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don haɓaka Dokokin Helsinki da [[Berlin]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Salman |first=Salman M. A. |date=2007-12-01 |title=The Helsinki Rules, the UN Watercourses Convention and the Berlin Rules: Perspectives on International Water Law |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/07900620701488562 |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=625–640 |bibcode=2007IJWRD..23..625S |doi=10.1080/07900620701488562 |issn=0790-0627 |s2cid=154927565 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Rashin gurɓataccen [[Gurbacewar ruwa|Ruwa]] da jirgin ruwa babbar barazana ce ga tekun duniya. Ƙungiyar Maritime ta Duniya ta haɓaka ƙa'idodin da ke kula da gurɓataccen teku [[MARPOL 73/78]] daga jiragen ruwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MARPOL 73/78 {{!}} |url=http://marpol.site/ |access-date=2020-10-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya tana ba da bayyani na duniya game da ingancin ruwa, yankunan haɗari, shawarwari don jagororin gaba don Ingancin Ruwa (GDWQ). === Kanada === * [https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/water-overview/governance-legislation/federal-policy.html Gudanar da Ruwa] === Ƙasar Ingila === === Amurka === {{Reflist}} Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsabtace ita ce babbar dokar tarayya a Amurka da ke kula da gurɓataccen ruwa, kuma EPA da hukumomin muhalli na jihar ne ke gudanar da ita. Ana kare ruwan kasa a matakin tarayya musamman ta hanyar: * Dokar Kula da Kula da albarkatu da Maidowa, ta hanyar tsara tsarin zubar da sharar gida da shararru masu haɗari. * Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsarki (SDWA), ta hanyar tsara rijiyoyin allura. * Dokar Amsa ta Muhalli, Biya, da Dokar Hakki (CERCLA) ko Superfund, ta hanyar tsari a cikin tsaftace [[sharar gida mai haɗari]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OP |date=2013-02-22 |title=Summary of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund) |url=https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-comprehensive-environmental-response-compensation-and-liability-act |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=US EPA |language=en}}</ref> * Dokar Insecticide, Fungicide, da Rodenticide (FIFRA), ta hanyar tsara magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OECA |date=2013-09-10 |title=Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and Federal Facilities |url=https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/federal-insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act-fifra-and-federal-facilities |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=US EPA |language=en}}</ref> * Dokar Kula da Abubuwa masu guba (TSCA), ta hanyar tsara abubuwa masu guba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OP |date=2013-02-22 |title=Summary of the Toxic Substances Control Act |url=https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-toxic-substances-control-act |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=US EPA |language=en}}</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Water Quality Law}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bwq632r7hmz1h3o1swmy6x7ttuokwvs 0 29997 839643 742057 2026-05-24T11:37:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:I-80_Eastshore_Fwy.jpg|right|thumb| Man fetur yana ƙarƙashin tsari da haraji a duk duniya.]]{{Databox}} '''Dokokin makamashi suna,''' [[Sarrafa giya a Odesa Oblast|sarrafa]] amfani da harajin [[makamashi]], duka masu sabuntawa da waɗanda ba za a iya sabuntawa ba . Waɗannan dokokin sune manyan hukumomi (kamar shari'ar shari'a, ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi) masu alaƙa da makamashi. Sabanin haka, manufar [[makamashi]] tana nufin manufofin da [[Siyasa|siyasar]] makamashi. Dokar makamashi ta haɗa da tanadin doka don mai, mai, da "harajin cirewa." Ayyukan dokar makamashi sun haɗa da kwangiloli don wurin zama, hakar, lasisi don saye da haƙƙin mallaka a cikin mai da gas duka a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kafin ganowa da bayan kama shi, da yanke hukunci game da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/topics/cezwzlw5qpwt</ref>   == Dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa == [[File:Coal_power_plant_Datteln_2_Crop1.png|thumb| Kamfanin sarrafa kwal a Jamus. Sakamakon cinikin hayaƙi, kwal na iya zama ƙasa da gasa a matsayin mai.]] Akwai karuwar sha'awar ilimi game da dokar makamashi ta duniya, <ref>Search Engine results for "international energy law" reveals over 15,000 titles, see [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22international+energy+law%22&aq=f&oq= Google search results]. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref> gami da ci gaba da tarurrukan ilimin shari'a, rubuce-rubucen, bita na shari'a, da darussan karatun digiri. A sa'i daya kuma, an samu ƙaruwar sha'awa kan batutuwan da suka shafi makamashi da dangantakarsu da cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa kamar ƙungiyar ciniki ta duniya.<ref>Search Engine results for "international energy law" reveals over 15,000 titles, see [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22international+energy+law%22&aq=f&oq= Google search results]. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmmlf.org/confrnce/SCI09news.pdf |website =Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation |title=International Energy Law, Contracts, and Negotiations |format = brochure|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320110850/http://www.rmmlf.org/confrnce/SCI09news.pdf |archive-date=March 20, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=International Bar Association, Section on Energy and Natural Resources Law|title =International Energy Law: Houston, 1984 |publisher=M. Bender|date= 1984|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MHBXNwAACAAJ&q=%22international+energy+law%22}} Proceedings of a conference held in Houston, Tex.</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Kurt R. |last1=Deketelaere|title = International Encyclopaedia of Laws: Energy Law|publisher = Kluwer Law International|date= 2002 |isbn = 978-90-411-1405-1}}</ref><ref>Rex J. Zedalis, "International Energy Law" (Ashgate 2000) {{ISBN|978-0-7546-2164-5}} found at [https://books.google.com/books?id=Fu2wAAAACAAJ&dq=%22international+energy+law%22 Google books]. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref><ref>''International Energy Law and Taxation Review'' (Int Energ Law Taxat Rev) Published by Sweet & Maxwell. {{ISSN|1472-4529}}. Found at [http://journalseek.net/cgi-bin/journalseek/journalsearch.cgi?field=issn&query=1472-4529 Journal seek website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301061833/http://journalseek.net/cgi-bin/journalseek/journalsearch.cgi?field=issn |date=2009-03-01 }}. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref><ref>Catherine Redgwell, Course Syllabus, "International energy law," Course Code: LAWSG086, Masters of Law (LLM) at UCL, found at [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/laws/prospective/llm/courses/index.shtml?llm_121 UCL website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321155538/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/laws/prospective/llm/courses/index.shtml?llm_121 |date=2009-03-21 }}. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Farah|first1=Paolo Davide|last2=Cima|first2=Elena|title=Energy Trade and the WTO: Implications for Renewable Energy and the OPEC Cartel|journal=Journal of International Economic Law|date=September 2013|volume=16|issue=3|pages=707–740|ssrn=2330416|doi=10.1093/jiel/jgt024}}</ref> == Afirka == Ma'aikatar Wutar Lantarki da Sabunta Makamashi ta Masar ce ke kula da Makamashi na Masar a Masar , [[Misra|wacce]] ita ce ma'aikatar gwamnati mai kula da sarrafawa da tsara yadda ake samarwa da watsawa da rarraba wutar lantarki a [[Misra|Masar]] . Hedkwatarsa tana [[Kairo|Alkahira]] . Ministan na yanzu kamar na shekara ta 2020 shine Mohamed Shaker . An kafa ma’aikatar ne a shekara ta 1964 tare da dokar shugaban kasa mai lamba 147.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}} na Aswan, wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki, mallakar gwamnati ne kuma ta tsara shi; Gine-ginensa ya buƙaci cire haikalin Abu Simbel da Haikali na Dendur.<ref name=cp17june>{{cite news|url=http://thecairopost.com/news/115224/news/breaking-new-government-swear-in|title=BREAKING: New government swears in|date=17 June 2014|access-date=22 June 2014|work=Cairo Post|archive-date=14 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151014220440/http://www.thecairopost.com/news/115224/news/breaking-new-government-swear-in|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ghana]] tana da hukuma mai kula da makamashi, Hukumar Makamashi . Gwamnatin [[Najeriya]] ce ta mallaki Kamfanin Mai [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation|na Kasa]] . [[Uganda]] ta amince da sabuwar dokar makamashin nukiliya, wadda take fatan "zata bunƙasa hadin gwiwar fasaha tsakanin kasar da hukumar kula da makamashin nukiliya ta kasa da kasa ," a cewar " babban jami'in hukumar " daga wannan kasa [[Afirka|ta Afirka]].<ref>[http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/641046 Uganda's new atomic energy law, from New Vision (UK) website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605235615/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/641046 |date=June 5, 2009 }}. Retrieved August 12, 2008.</ref> == Ostiraliya == [[File:Energy_Australia_Building.jpg|right|thumb| Ginin Energy Australia a Sydney]]   Makamashi babban kasuwanci ne a Ostiraliya. Ƙungiyar Haɓaka Man Fetur da Haɓaka Man Fetur ta Australiya tana wakiltar kashi 98% na masu samar da mai da iskar gas a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] .<ref>{{cite web |work=APPEA website |title=About APPEA |url=http://www.appea.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=47&Itemid=256 |access-date=2022-03-12 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301155528/http://www.appea.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&layout=blog&id=47&Itemid=256 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kanada ==   [[Kanada]] tana da babbar dokar makamashi, ta hanyar tarayya da larduna, musamman Alberta . <ref>[http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxwecan.htm Lexadin website]. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref> Waɗannan sun haɗa da: * Madadin Dokar Fuels (1995, c. 20) * Dokar Makamashi Haɗin Kai (1980-81-82-83, c. 108) * Dokar Gudanar da Makamashi (RS, 1985, c. E-6) * Dokar Kula da Makamashi (RS, 1985, c. E-8) * Dokar Makamashin Nukiliya (RS, 1985, c. A-16) * Dokar Ayyukan Man Fetur da Gas na Kanada (RS, 1985, c. O-7) * Dokar Albarkatun Man Fetur ta Kanada (1985, c. 36 (Supp. )) * Dokar Hukumar Makamashi ta Kasa (RS, 1985, c. N-7) * Dokar Binciken Wutar Lantarki da Gas (RS, 1985, c. E-4) Akwai wasu sha'awar ilimi a cikin dokar makamashi ta Kanada, tare da sabis na lokaci-lokaci looseleaf, monographs, <ref>David Osigbernhe Iyalomh, Thesis, "Environmental Regulation of the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria: Lessons from Alberta's Experience," (University of Alberta 1998), found at [http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ29006.pdf national Library of Canada website]. (.pdf) Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref> da shawarwari tare da lauyoyin da suka kware a wannan aikin, akwai.<ref>[http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxwecan.htm Lexadin website]. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://cirl.ca/CELS Canada Energy Law Service website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123183916/http://cirl.ca/CELS |date=January 23, 2009 }}. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.albertacanada.com/intl-business/energy-sector-regulations.html Alberta Canada government energy regulation website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707103435/http://www.albertacanada.com/intl-business/energy-sector-regulations.html |date=2011-07-07 }}. Retrieved November 26, 2010.</ref> <ref>[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showtdm/cs/A-10.7 Canada Department of Justice government website page on Alternative Fuels Act] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105200159/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showtdm/cs/A-10.7 |date=January 5, 2011 }}. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-41.5/index.html |website = Canada Department of Justice |title = Cooperative Energy Act|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715212821/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-41.5/index.html |archive-date=July 15, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/E-6/index.html |website = Canada Department of Justice |title = Energy Administration Act|url-status =live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914231736/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-6/index.html |archive-date=September 14, 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/E-8/index.html|website = Canada Department of Justice |title= Energy Monitoring Act|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909195817/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-8/index.html |archive-date=September 9, 2006 }}</ref><ref>[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/A-16/index.html Canada Department of Justice government website page on Nuclear Energy Act] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061025165435/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/A-16/index.html |date=October 25, 2006 }}. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url =https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/O-7/index.html |website = Canada Department of Justice |title = Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716202548/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/O-7/index.html |archive-date=July 16, 2006 }}</ref> <ref>[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-8.5/index.html Canada Department of Justice government website page on Canada Petroleum Resources Act ( 1985, c. 36 (2nd Supp.) )] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925033631/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/C-8.5/index.html |date=September 25, 2006 }}. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref> <ref>[http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-7/index.html Canada Department of Justice government website page on National Energy Board Act ( R.S., 1985, c. N-7 )] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061223144927/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N-7/index.html |date=December 23, 2006 }}. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://lois.justice.gc.ca/en/E-4/index.html Canada Department of Justice government website page on Electricity and Gas Inspection Act ( R.S., 1985, c. E-4 )] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209042236/http://lois.justice.gc.ca/en/E-4/index.html |date=December 9, 2006 }}. Retrieved September 29, 2008.</ref><ref>Canadian Institute of Resources Law, "Canada Energy Law Service {{ISBN|978-0-88820-410-3}} (Carswell, starting in 1990). Found at [http://www.carswell.com/description.asp?docid=23 Carswell website], [https://openlibrary.org/b/OL11265818M Open Library website] and [http://cirl.ca/CELS Canadian Institute of Resources Law website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123183916/http://cirl.ca/CELS |date=January 23, 2009 }}. Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref><ref>David Osigbernhe Iyalomh, Thesis, "Environmental Regulation of the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria: Lessons from Alberta's Experience," (University of Alberta 1998), found at [http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ29006.pdf national Library of Canada website]. (.pdf) Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://webcasts.acc.com/handouts/FMC_-_Canadas_Wind_Energy_Law_Firm.pdf Fraser Milner Casgrain LLP website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320110850/http://webcasts.acc.com/handouts/FMC_-_Canadas_Wind_Energy_Law_Firm.pdf |date=2009-03-20 }}. (.pdf) Retrieved March 10, 2009.</ref> Kotun kolin Kanada ta fitar da wasu dokar shari'ar makamashi ta Kanada. Dokokin makamashi na Kanada suna da yawa kuma suna da rikitarwa a babban bangare saboda albarkatun makamashi na gwamnati: Kanada da lardin [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] suma sun mallaki manyan wuraren samar da wutar lantarki na madatsar ruwa, wadanda suka haifar da ba kawai wutar lantarki ba, har ma da cece-kuce.<ref>See, ''e.g.'', ''ATCO Gas & Pipelines Ltd. v. Alberta'' (Energy & Utilities Board), 2006 SCC 4, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 140 (concerning [[jurisdiction]] and standard of [[judicial review]]) found at [http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/17/index.do U Montreal website]. Retrieved March 10, 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218203824/http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/17/index.do|date=February 18, 2009}}</ref><ref>[[Robert Kunzig]], "The Canadian Oil Boom: Scraping Bottom: Once considered too expensive, as well as too damaging to the land, exploitation of Alberta's oil sands is now a gamble worth billns," ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'', March 2009, pp. 1, 34–59, quote at 49 (photographs by [[Peter Essick]]).</ref><ref>Katrina Kieltyka, "Sierra Club fighting plan to buy Canadian power: Say hydroelectric dams would harm indigenous people," ''Legislative Gazette'', March 16, 2009, p. 21, available at [http://www.legislativegazette.com/back_issues/09-3-16_for_web.pdf ''Legislative Gazette'' archives] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325113240/http://www.legislativegazette.com/back_issues/09-3-16_for_web.pdf |date=March 25, 2009 }} (.pdf file). Retrieved March 20, 2009.</ref> == China == == Tarayyar Turai ==   Dokar makamashi ta Turai ta mai da hankali kan hanyoyin doka don gudanar da cikas na ɗan gajeren lokaci ga wadatar makamashin nahiyar, kamar dokar Jamus ta 1974 don tabbatar da samar da makamashi. Haɗin gwiwar aikin hydrogen na Turai aikin ƙungiyar [[Tarayyar Turai]] ne don haɗa ƙa'idodin Hukumar Tattalin Arziƙi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (ECE) da ƙirƙirar tushen tsarin ECE na motocin hydrogen da mahimman abubuwan more rayuwa waɗanda ke maye gurbin dokokin ƙasa da ƙa'idodi . Manufar wannan aikin shine inganta amincin motocin hydrogen da daidaita tsarin ba su lasisi da amincewa.<ref>Terence Daintith and Leigh Hancher, ''Energy strategy in Europe: the legal framework'', pp. 3, 16, 26, 37–9, 97–8, 102. (European University Institute, Series A, Volume 4) (Walter de Gruyter, 1986) {{ISBN|978-0-89925-173-8}}. Found at [https://books.google.com/books?id=OQGjcH3Gp5kC&pg=PA38&dq=%22energy+supply%22&hl=en&ei=DeA5Tcu9G8-p8AbCv4HACg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=%22energy%20supply%22&f=false Google Books]. Retrieved January 21, 2011.</ref> Ƙasashe biyar ne suka ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar makamashi ta EurObserv'ER . EU ta kuma ƙirƙiri Ƙungiyar Makamashi don faɗaɗa manufofin su zuwa kudu maso gabashin Turai. Austuraiu yana karɓar bakuncin Ranakun Makamashi Mai Dorewa na Duniya na shekara. === Jamus ===   Dokar sabunta makamashin [[Jamus]] ta tanadi yin amfani da makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa ta hanyar haraji da harajinta . Yana haɓaka haɓaka hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ta hanyar tsarin kuɗin abinci. Yana daidaita adadin kuzarin da mai samarwa ke samarwa da kuma nau'in tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa. Hakanan yana haifar da abin ƙarfafawa don ƙarfafa ci gaban fasaha da farashi. Sakamakon ya kasance mai ban mamaki: a ranar 6 ga Yuni na shekara ta 2014, fiye da rabin makamashin al'umma da aka yi amfani da su a wannan ranar sun fito ne daga hasken rana. Duk da matakan da aka tsara suna ƙara ƙarin makamashi mai sabuntawa zuwa ga haɗawar makamashi, grid ɗin lantarki na Jamus ya zama ''abin'' dogaro, ba ƙasa ba.<ref>[http://www.bmu.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/eeg_en.pdf English translation of EEG legislation] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320110850/http://www.bmu.de/files/pdfs/allgemein/application/pdf/eeg_en.pdf |date=March 20, 2009 }}. Retrieved August 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailykos.com/story/2014/06/23/1308923/-50-6-of-Germany-s-electricity-produced-by-solar-power-on-June-6-also-achieves-grid-parity |work=DailyKos|title=50% of Germany's electricity produced by solar in one hour on June 6, also achieves grid parity|author=HoundDog (pseudonym) |date=23 June 2014|access-date=24 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Think Progress|url=http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/08/12/3470070/germany-reliable-grid-renewables/|title=Germany Added A Lot Of Wind And Solar Power, And Its Electric Grid Became More Reliable|last=Spross|first=Jeff|date=August 12, 2014|access-date=August 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20130309121539/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aEeSfgPAenzk&refer=germany Bloomberg News story about German proposal]. Retrieved August 12, 2008.</ref><ref>Interview, "Green Party Energy Expert Höhn: 'The Nuclear Industry Has Invented the Energy Shortfall'" Spiegel, found at [http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,569929,00.html Spiegel Online]. Retrieved August 21, 2008.</ref><ref>See for example, [http://www.vetek.de/ vetek.de Homepage des Instituts für Energie- und Regulierungsrecht Berlin e.V.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315005552/http://www.vetek.de/ |date=2008-03-15 }} (In German, English, Russian, and Spanish). Retrieved March 30, 2009.</ref><ref name="bmwi-2016">{{cite book | title = Overview of legislation governing Germany's energy supply system: key strategies, acts, directives, and regulations / ordinances | date = May 2016 | publisher = Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) | place = Berlin, Germany | url = http://www.bmwi.de/English/Redaktion/Pdf/gesetzeskarte,property=pdf,bereich=bmwi2012,sprache=en,rwb=true.pdf | access-date = 24 June 2016 | archive-date = 6 October 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161006040914/http://www.bmwi.de/English/Redaktion/Pdf/gesetzeskarte,property=pdf,bereich=bmwi2012,sprache=en,rwb=true.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> Gwamnatin Jamus ta ba da shawarar yin watsi da " shirinta na kawar da makamashin nukiliya don taimakawa wajen farfado da hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki da kuma kare muhalli, a cewar shawarwarin da wata tawagar makamashi ƙarƙashin ministan tattalin arziki Michael Glos ta tsara." <ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20130309121539/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aEeSfgPAenzk&refer=germany Bloomberg News story about German proposal]. Retrieved August 12, 2008.</ref> Jam'iyyar Green Party ta Jamus ta yi adawa da makamashin nukiliya, da kuma karfin kasuwa na kayan aikin Jamus, tana mai cewa "karancin makamashi" an halicce shi ta hanyar wucin gadi. <ref>Interview, "Green Party Energy Expert Höhn: 'The Nuclear Industry Has Invented the Energy Shortfall'" Spiegel, found at [http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,569929,00.html Spiegel Online]. Retrieved August 21, 2008.</ref> Akwai gagarumin sha'awar ilimi a cikin dokar makamashi ta Jamus. <ref>See for example, [http://www.vetek.de/ vetek.de Homepage des Instituts für Energie- und Regulierungsrecht Berlin e.V.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315005552/http://www.vetek.de/ |date=2008-03-15 }} (In German, English, Russian, and Spanish). Retrieved March 30, 2009.</ref> Akwai ginshiƙi mai taƙaita dokokin makamashi na Jamus. === Italiya === [[File:Centrale_Eolica_Frigento.jpg|thumb| Turbines na iska a cikin Campania]] Italiya tana da albarkatun ƙasa kaɗan. rashin isasshen ma'adinan ƙarfe, gawayi, ko mai . Tabbataccen tanadin iskar gas, galibi a cikin kwarin Po da Adriatic na teku, sun zama mafi mahimmancin albarkatun ma'adinai na ƙasar. Fiye da kashi 80% na albarkatun makamashin kasar ana shigo da su ne daga kasashen waje. Bangaren makamashi ya dogara sosai kan shigo da kayayyaki daga ketare: a shekara ta 2006 kasar ta shigo da sama da kashi 86% na yawan makamashin da take amfani da shi. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Italiya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a duniya, matsayi a matsayin mai samar da makamashin hasken rana mafi girma na biyar a cikin 2009 kuma na shida mafi girma na samar da wutar lantarki a cikin shekara ta 2008.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DK-08-001/EN/KS-DK-08-001-EN.PDF |title=Energy, transport and environment indicators |author=Eurostat |access-date=10 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091123071423/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DK-08-001/EN/KS-DK-08-001-EN.PDF |archive-date=November 23, 2009 |author-link=Eurostat }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-GH-09-001/EN/KS-GH-09-001-EN.PDF |title=Panorama of energy |author=Eurostat |access-date=2009-05-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603143806/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-GH-09-001/EN/KS-GH-09-001-EN.PDF |archive-date=June 3, 2010 |author-link=Eurostat }}</ref><ref name="REN21">{{cite web|url=http://www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/REN21_GSR_2010_full.pdf |title=Renewables 2010 Global Status Report |author=REN21 |publisher=[[REN21]] |date=15 July 2010 |access-date=16 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820221548/http://www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/REN21_GSR_2010_full.pdf |archive-date=August 20, 2010 |author-link=REN21 }}</ref><ref name="BaroPhoto2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.eurobserv-er.org/pdf/baro196.asp |title=Photovoltaic energy barometer 2010 – EurObserv'ER |access-date=30 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726043955/http://www.eurobserv-er.org/pdf/baro196.asp |archive-date=26 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gwec">[http://www.gwec.net/uploads/media/chartes08_EN_UPD_01.pdf Global installed wind power capacity (MW)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517090759/http://www.gwec.net/uploads/media/chartes08_EN_UPD_01.pdf |date=May 17, 2012 }} Global Wind Energy Council 6.2.2008</ref> A cikin shekara taikin 1987, bayan bala'in Chernobyl, yawancin 'yan Italiya sun amince da kuri'ar raba gardama na neman kawar da makamashin nukiliya. Gwamnati ta mayar da martani ta hanyar rufe tashoshin nukiliyar da ake da su tare da dakatar da shirin nukiliyar kasa gaba daya. Italiya kuma tana shigo da kusan kashi 16% na bukatar wutar lantarki daga Faransa akan 6.5 GWe, wanda ya sa ta zama babbar mai shigo da wutar lantarki a duniya. Saboda dogaro da tsadar albarkatun mai da shigo da kaya, Italiyanci suna biyan kusan kashi 45% fiye da matsakaicin EU na wutar lantarki . A shekara ta 2004, sabuwar dokar makamashi ta kawo yuwuwar hada gwiwa da kamfanonin kasashen waje don gina tashoshin nukiliya da shigo da wutar lantarki. A cikin 2005, kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Italiya, ENEL ya yi yarjejeniya da Electricite de France akan MWe 200 daga injin nukiliya a Faransa da yuwuwar ƙarin MWe 1,000 daga sabon gini. A matsayin wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar, ENEL ta sami kashi 12.5% a cikin aikin da kuma shiga kai tsaye a cikin ƙira, gine-gine, da kuma sarrafa tsire-tsire. A wani yunƙurin kuma, ENEL ta kuma sayi kashi 66% na wutar lantarki ta Slovak da ke sarrafa injinan nukiliya guda shida. A wani bangare na wannan yarjejeniya, ENEL za ta biya gwamnatin Slovakia Yuro biliyan 1.6 don kammala tashar samar da makamashin nukiliya a Mochovce, wanda ke da babban adadin 942 MW . Tare da wadannan yarjejeniyoyi, Italiya ta yi nasarar samun damar yin amfani da makamashin nukiliya ba tare da sanya matatun mai a yankin Italiya ba. <ref name="Emerging" /> === Lithuania === Ƙasar [[Lithuania]] tana da dokar makamashi, Energetikos teisė. <ref>[[:lt:Energetikos teisė|Energetikos teisė on Lithuanian Wikipedia]], citing B.Pranevičienė, S.Milčiuvienė, "Kainų teisinio reguliavimo aktualijos Lietuvos elektros energijos rinkoje, Jurisprudencija: mokslo darbai." (Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio universitetas 2 (80) tomas, 2006), p. 60–73. Retrieved March 30, 2009.</ref> A cikin [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], ayyukan makamashi masu sabuntawa suna tallafawa ta hanyar tsarin jadawalin kuɗin fito . Dokar Ukraine "A kan madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi" tana nufin madadin hanyoyin makamashi: hasken rana, iska, geothermal, hydrothermal, marine da hydrokinetic energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, landfill biogas da sauransu. Hukumar Kula da Makamashi da Makamashi ta Kasa ta Ukrainian da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Jiha kan Inganta Makamashi da Ajiye Makamashi na Ukraine sune manyan hukumomin daidaita makamashin da ake sabunta su. Gwamnatin Ukraine ta yi gyare-gyare a madadin makamashi. Akwai buƙatar sabis na tanadin makamashi a cikin Ukraine. Ƙimar sa ya kai kusan Yuro biliyan 5 kawai a cikin gine-gine mallakar gwamnati.<ref>[[:lt:Energetikos teisė|Energetikos teisė on Lithuanian Wikipedia]], citing B.Pranevičienė, S.Milčiuvienė, "Kainų teisinio reguliavimo aktualijos Lietuvos elektros energijos rinkoje, Jurisprudencija: mokslo darbai." (Vilnius: Mykolo Romerio universitetas 2 (80) tomas, 2006), p. 60–73. Retrieved March 30, 2009.</ref> === Ukraine === In [[Ukraine]], renewable energy projects are supported by a [[feed-in tariff]] system. The law of Ukraine "On alternative sources of energy"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/555-15|title=Про альтернативні джерела енергії - від 20.02.2003 № 555-IV (Сторінка 1 з 2)|website=zakon2.RADA.gov.ua|access-date=9 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.nerc.gov.ua/#|title=Ukrainian National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission|website=NERC.gov.ua|access-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809090426/http://www2.nerc.gov.ua/|archive-date=9 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://saee.gov.ua/en|title=Welcome to Держенергоефективності України - Держенергоефективності України|website=SAEE.gov.ua|access-date=9 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.clc.co.ua/renewable-energy-legal-support/|title=Renewable energy legal support in Ukraine|website=Capital Law Consulting}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.clc.co.ua/energy-savings-performance-contracting/|title=Energy savings performance contracting in Ukraine|last=Thor|first=Anatoliy}}</ref> Ukraine tana da wata hukuma ta daban don gudanar da Yankin Keɓewa na Chernobyl . == Sauran kasashen Turai == [[Albaniya]] na da kafa Cibiyar Man Fetur da Gas ta Albaniya. Akwai gagarumin ikon geothermal a Iceland ; kusan kashi 80% na makamashin da al'ummar kasar ke bukata, ana samun su ne ta hanyar samar da makamashin kasa, wanda duk mallakar gwamnati ne, ko kuma ta tsara su. == Indiya ==   == Iraki == A fasahance, [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] ba ta da dokar makamashi, amma ana shirin aiwatar da dokar kusan shekaru biyar a farkon shekara ta 2012. Ma'aikatar mai ta Iraqi tana ba da kwangila ga kamfanoni kaɗan ne kawai . Ya zuwa watan Yulin shekara ta 2014, akwai kamfanonin mai guda 23 da aka kafa, amma kamfanonin banki guda 17 ne kawai a Iraki. == Isra'ila == Dokar Tushen Makamashi na Isra'ila, 5750-1989 ("Dokar Makamashi"), ta bayyana abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin "makamashi" da "tushen makamashi" kuma manufarsa ita ce tsara yadda ake amfani da makamashi yayin da ake tabbatar da ingantaccen amfani da shi. A karkashin dokar makamashi, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta gabatar da wasu hanyoyin auna ma'auni don daidaita ingancin amfani da makamashin. Bugu da ƙari, wace ƙungiya ce za ta cancanci bi da amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin Isra'ila akwai wasu ƙarin dokoki da suka shafi amfani da makamashi, kamar Dokar Bangaren Gas, 5762-2002 wanda ya ba da sharuɗɗan haɓakar yanayin iskar gas a Isra'ila, da kuma Wutar Lantarki. Dokar Sashin, 5756-1996, wacce ta kafa "Hukumar Amfani da Jama'a - Wutar Lantarki" wacce ke buga umarni da ka'idoji don amfani da sabbin hanyoyin wutar lantarki, gami da makamashin hasken rana da makamashin ruwa. == Japan == [[File:Fukushima_I_by_Digital_Globe_crop.jpg|thumb| Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima Daiichi na shekarar 2011, hatsarin nukiliya mafi muni a duniya tun 1986, ya raba gidaje 50,000 da muhallansu bayan da radiation ta leka cikin iska, kasa da teku. Binciken radiation ya haifar da hana jigilar kayan lambu da kifi. ]] Kafin girgizar kasa da tsunami na Maris 2011, da bala'o'in nukiliya da suka haifar da ita, [[Japan]] ta samar da kashi 30% na wutar lantarki daga injinan nukiliya kuma ta yi niyya don haɓaka wannan kaso zuwa 40%. Makamashin nukiliya shine fifikon dabarun ƙasa a Japan, amma an yi damuwa game da ƙarfin makaman nukiliya na Japan don jure ayyukan girgizar ƙasa. An rufe tashar nukiliyar Kashiwazaki-Kariwa gaba daya na tsawon watanni 21 bayan girgizar kasa a 2007. Girgizar kasa da tsunami na 2011 sun haifar da gazawar tsarin sanyaya a tashar makamashin nukiliya ta Fukushima I a ranar 11 ga Maris kuma an ayyana gaggawar nukiliya. An kwashe mazauna 140,000. Ba a fayyace adadin adadin kayan aikin rediyo da aka saki ba, yayin da rikicin ke ci gaba da gudana. A ranar 6 ga Mayun 2011, Firayim Minista Naoto Kan ya ba da umarnin rufe tashar nukiliyar Hamaoka saboda girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 8.0 ko sama da haka na iya afkuwa a yankin cikin shekaru 30 masu zuwa. Matsalolin daidaita tashar nukiliya ta Fukushima I sun taurare halayen makamashin nukiliya. Tun daga watan Yuni 2011, "fiye da kashi 80 na Jafanawa yanzu sun ce su ne anti-nukiliya da rashin amincewa da bayanan gwamnati game da radiation ". Ya zuwa watan Oktoba na 2011, an sami karancin wutar lantarki, amma Japan ta tsira daga lokacin bazara ba tare da an samu bakar duhu da aka yi hasashe ba. Wata takarda mai farar fata ta makamashi, wadda Majalisar Ministocin Japan ta amince da ita a watan Oktoban 2011, ta ce "amincin da jama'a ke da shi kan amincin makamashin nukiliyar ya lalace sosai" sakamakon bala'in Fukushima, tare da yin kira da a rage dogaro da al'ummar kasar kan makamashin nukiliya. An rufe da yawa daga cikin tashoshin nukiliya na Japan, ko kuma an dakatar da ayyukansu don duba lafiyarsu. Na ƙarshe na 54 reactors na Japan ( Tomari-3 ) ya tafi layi don kulawa a ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2012., ya bar Japan gaba ɗaya ba tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta nukiliya ba a karon farko tun 1970. Duk da zanga-zangar, a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2012 an sake kunna raka'a 3 na Kamfanin Wutar Nukiliya ta Ōi. Tun daga watan Satumbar 2012, raka'a na 3 da 4 ne kawai tashoshin makamashin nukiliyar Japan da ke aiki da su, duk da cewa birnin da lardin Osaka sun bukaci a rufe su. Shirin Haɗin gwiwar Makamashin Nukiliya na Amurka da Japan, yarjejeniya ce ta haɗin gwiwa da ke da nufin tsara tsarin bincike na haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka fasahar makamashin nukiliya, wanda aka rattaba hannu kan Afrilu 18, 2007. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070715032241/http://energy.gov/news/4991.htm United States and Japan Sign Joint Nuclear Energy Action Plan], ''[[United States Department of Energy]]'', published 2007-04-25, accessed 2007-05-02</ref> An yi imanin cewa yarjejeniyar ita ce ta farko da Amurka ta rattaba hannu don bunkasa fasahohin makamashin nukiliya tare da wata kasa, ko da yake Japan na da yarjejeniya da [[Asturaliya|Australia]], [[Kanada|Canada]], [[Sin|China]], [[Faransa]], da kuma [[Birtaniya]] . <ref>[http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jan2007/2007-01-10-01.asp US & Japan Sign Nuclear Power Cooperation Plan], ''Environment News Service'', published 2007-01-10, accessed 2007-05-02</ref> A karkashin shirin, Amurka da Japan kowannensu zai gudanar da bincike kan fasahar reactor mai sauri, fasahar zagayowar man fetur, na'urar kwamfyuta ta zamani da ƙirar ƙira, ƙanana da matsakaita reactors, kariya da kariya ta jiki; da sarrafa sharar nukiliya, wanda kwamitin hadin gwiwa zai gudanar da shi. Ci gaban yerjejeniyar ya kasance cikin rudani tun lokacin da Fukushima I ta yi hatsarin nukiliya. Kamfanin Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) kamfani ne na gwamnati wanda ke da hannu wajen binciken makamashin burbushin mai, da dai sauransu. A cikin 2013, ma'aikatanta na kamfanoni sun fara fitar da Methane clathrate daga ma'ajin ajiyar teku.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-26/fukushima-retiree-to-lead-anti-nuclear-motion.html |title=Fukushima Retiree Leads Anti-Nuclear Shareholders at Tepco Annual Meeting |author=Tomoko Yamazaki and Shunichi Ozasa |date=June 27, 2011 |work=Bloomberg }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cnews-us-japan-nuclear-idCATRE74610J20110507 |title=Japan anti-nuclear protesters rally after PM call to close plant |author=Mari Saito |date=May 7, 2011 |work=Reuters }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nuclear Power in Japan|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf79.html|publisher=World Nuclear Association|date=February 2019|access-date=2022-03-12|archive-date=2012-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220004801/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf79.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=mycle>[http://www.greens-efa.org/cms/topics/dokbin/206/206749.pdf The European Parliament's Greens-EFA Group – The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2007] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625044818/http://www.greens-efa.org/cms/topics/dokbin/206/206749.pdf |date=June 25, 2008 }} p. 23.</ref><ref name=bi-emergency>{{cite news|last=Weisenthal|first=Joe|title=Japan Declares Nuclear Emergency, As Cooling System Fails At Power Plant|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/fukushima-nuclear-plant-2011-3|access-date=11 March 2011|newspaper=Business Insider|date=11 March 2011}}</ref><ref name="Story">{{cite news|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13306358 |work =[[BBC]] News|title =Chubu Electric set to close nuclear plant|date =9 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="digitaljournal.com">{{cite web|url = http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/306399 |website =Digital Journal|first=Lynn|last=Hermann|date=6 May 2011|title =Japan Prime Minister orders shutdown of Hamaoka nuclear plant}}</ref><ref name="bloomberg.com">{{cite news|url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-07/chubu-electric-s-board-meets-on-possible-shutdown-of-nuclear-power-plant.html |work= Bloomberg|first1=Yuji|last1 =Okada|first2= Takashi|last2= Hirokawa |title = Chubu Electric's Board Meets on Possible Nuclear Plant Closure|url-access=subscription |date = 7 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="Japan nuke plant suspends work">{{cite web |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/japan-nuke-plant-suspends-work/story-fn6s850w-1226056070930 |title=Japan nuke plant suspends work |date=May 14, 2011 |work=Herald Sun |access-date=March 12, 2022 |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318085404/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/ipad/japan-nuke-plant-suspends-work/story-fn6s850w-1226056070930 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="M. V. Ramana 44">{{cite web |url=http://bos.sagepub.com/content/67/4/43.abstract |title=Nuclear power and the public |author=M. V. Ramana |date=July 2011 |volume=67 |issue=4 |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |page=44 |access-date=2013-03-14 |archive-date=2016-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201222218/http://bos.sagepub.com/content/67/4/43.abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=refuse2011>{{cite web |url= http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0620/Beginning-of-the-end-for-nuclear-power-in-Japan |title=Beginning of the end for nuclear power in Japan? |author=Gavin Blair |date=June 20, 2011 |work=CSMonitor }}</ref><ref name="M. V. Ramana 43">{{cite web |url=http://bos.sagepub.com/content/67/4/43.abstract |title=Nuclear power and the public |author=M. V. Ramana |date=July 2011 |volume=67 |issue=4 |work=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |page=43 |access-date=2013-03-14 |archive-date=2016-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201222218/http://bos.sagepub.com/content/67/4/43.abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-09-19/japan-anti-nuclear-protest/50461872/1 |title=Thousands march against nuclear power in Tokyo |date = 19 September 2011|work=USA Today |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111002014514/https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2011-09-19/japan-anti-nuclear-protest/50461872/1|archivedate = 2 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/business/energy-environment/after-fukushima-does-nuclear-power-have-a-future.html |title=After Fukushima, Does Nuclear Power Have a Future?|author=Stephanie Cooke |date=October 10, 2011 |work=New York Times |author-link=Stephanie Cooke}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/columns-us-japan-nuclear-protest-idUSTRE75A0QH20110615 |title=Japan anti-nuclear protesters rally after quake |author=Antoni Slodkowski |date=June 15, 2011 |work=Reuters }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/14/world/asia/14japan.html?_r=1&hp |title=Japan Premier Wants Shift Away From Nuclear Power |author=Hiroko Tabuchi |date=July 13, 2011 |work=New York Times }}</ref><ref name="Tsuyoshi Inajima and Yuji Okada">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-28/nuclear-promotion-dropped-in-japan-energy-policy-after-fukushima.html |title=Nuclear Promotion Dropped in Japan Energy Policy After Fukushima |author=Tsuyoshi Inajima and Yuji Okada |date=Oct 28, 2011 |work=Bloomberg }}</ref><ref name=Guardian>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/05/japan-shuts-down-last-nuclear-reactor |title=Japan shuts down last working nuclear reactor |author=David Batty |date= May 5, 2012 |work=The Guardian }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gerhardt|first=Tina|date=22 July 2012|title=After Fukushima, Nuclear Power on Collision Course with Japanese Public|url=http://www.alternet.org/story/156431/after_fukushima,_nuclear_power_on_collision_course_with_japanese_public|work=[[Alternet]]|access-date=14 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014062123/http://www.alternet.org/story/156431/after_fukushima,_nuclear_power_on_collision_course_with_japanese_public|archive-date=14 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://japandailypress.com/osaka-governments-call-for-shutdown-of-oi-nuclear-plant-0411117 |title=Osaka governments call for shutdown of Oi nuclear plant |access-date=2013-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302122656/http://japandailypress.com/osaka-governments-call-for-shutdown-of-oi-nuclear-plant-0411117 |archive-date=2013-03-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070715032241/http://energy.gov/news/4991.htm United States and Japan Sign Joint Nuclear Energy Action Plan], ''[[United States Department of Energy]]'', published 2007-04-25, accessed 2007-05-02</ref> <ref>[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/mail/nn20070425a2.html Japan & US ink pact on nuclear power reactors] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123026/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/mail/nn20070425a2.html |date=September 29, 2007 }}, ''Japan Times Online'', published 2007-05-25, accessed 2007-05-02</ref> l<ref>[http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jan2007/2007-01-10-01.asp US & Japan Sign Nuclear Power Cooperation Plan], ''Environment News Service'', published 2007-01-10, accessed 2007-05-02</ref> <ref>[https://www.energy.gov/media/USJapanFactSheet.pdf Fact Sheet: United States-Japan Joint Nuclear Energy Action Plan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521144837/http://www.energy.gov/media/USJapanFactSheet.pdf|date=May 21, 2011}}, ''[[United States Department of Energy]]'', published 2007-04-25, accessed 2007-05-02</ref><ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-methane-hydrates-japan-idUSBRE92B07620130312 | title=Japan achieves first gas extraction from offshore methane hydrate| newspaper=Reuters| date=2013-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=HIROKO TABUCHIMARCH 12, 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/13/business/global/japan-says-it-is-first-to-tap-methane-hydrate-deposit.html |title=An Energy Coup for Japan: 'Flammable Ice' - The New York Times |work=Nytimes.com |date=2013-03-12 |access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> == Malaysia == [[Maleziya|Malaysia]] tana sarrafa sashin makamashinta sosai. Daga shekara ta 1982 zuwa shekara ta 1992, Gwamnatin Sabah ta mallaki masana'antar iskar gas ta Sabah don gudanar da ayyukan albarkatun iskar gas na Sabah, wanda ke Labuan, Malaysia, wanda aka sanya don zama mai zaman kansa . <ref name="straits280190" /> An sayar da shukar methanol ga Petronas kuma tana aiki a yau azaman Petronas Methanol (Labuan) Sdn Bhd . <ref name="insight" /> An sayar da tashar wutar lantarki ga Sabah Electricity . <ref name="insight" /> == Saudi Arabia == [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabiya tana da wasu dokoki]] game da [[makamashi]], musamman dokar mai da iskar gas. [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] ita ce ƙasar da ta fi kowacce ƙasa samar da mai a duniya don haka dokarta ta makamashi na da matukar tasiri a kan samar da makamashi a duniya baki ɗaya. A karkashin dokar kasar Saudiyya, duk arzikinta na mai da iskar gas na gwamnati ne: “Dukkanin dukiyar da Allah Ya yi wa kasala, ko ta kasa ko ta kasa ko ta ruwa na ƙasa, a cikin ƙasa ko na ruwa da ke ƙarƙashin ikon gwamnati., sune dukiyar ƙasa kamar yadda doka ta ayyana. Shari’a ta bayyana hanyoyin da ake amfani da su, da kariya, da bunƙasa irin wannan dukiya domin amfanin ƙasa, tsaronta, da tattalin arzikinta.” <ref>[[Basic Law of Saudi Arabia]] Article 14, found at [[wikisource:Basic Law of Saudi Arabia#Chapter_4_Economic_Principles|Basic Law of Saudi Arabia at Wikisource.]]. Retrieved October 26, 2009.</ref> Har ila yau, ana ba da izinin harajin makamashi musamman; Sashe na 20 na dokar asali ya ce, “Ana sanya haraji da kudade ne bisa adalci kuma sai lokacin da bukatar hakan ta taso. Ƙaddamarwa, gyara, sokewa, da keɓancewa kawai doka ta halatta." <ref>Basic Law of Saudi Arabia, Article 20, found at [[wikisource:Basic Law of Saudi Arabia#Chapter_4_Economic_Principles|Basic Law of Saudi Arabia at Wikisource.]]. Retrieved October 26, 2009.</ref> Ma'aikatu biyu na Masarautar Saudiyya ne ke da alhakin bangaren makamashi: Ma'aikatar Man Fetur da na Ruwa da Wutar Lantarki. Dokokin kasar kuma sun kafa wasu hukumomin da ke da wasu hurumin doka, amma ba su da ka'ida. Wadannan sun haɗa da Saudi Aramco, asali na hadin gwiwa tsakanin Masarautar da California-Arabian Standard Oil, amma yanzu gaba daya mallakar Masarautar, da Saudi Consolidated Electricity Companies.<ref>[[Basic Law of Saudi Arabia]] Article 14, found at [[s:Basic Law of Saudi Arabia#Chapter_4_Economic_Principles|Basic Law of Saudi Arabia at Wikisource.]]. Retrieved October 26, 2009.</ref><ref>Basic Law of Saudi Arabia, Article 20, found at [[s: Basic Law of Saudi Arabia#Chapter 4 Economic Principles|Basic Law of Saudi Arabia at Wikisource.]]. Retrieved October 26, 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudinf.com/main/c6x.htm|title=Ministry of Water and Electricity - SAMIRAD (Saudi Arabia Market Information Resource)|website=www.saudinf.com|access-date=9 August 2017|archive-date=23 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723022157/http://www.saudinf.com/main/c6x.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/saudi.html |title=U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |access-date=October 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015183758/http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/saudi.html |archive-date=October 15, 2009 }}</ref> == Najeriya == [[Najeriya]] ce ƙasa mafi yawan arzikin man fetur a nahiyar Afirka kuma ita ce ta 11 a duniya wajen samar da man fetur. Dokar makamashi a ƙasar ta shafi man fetur da iskar gas, da sauran hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. Har ila yau, tana da doka da siyasa mai karfi a cikin [https://beebeejump.ng/ makamashin] da ake sabunta shi na samar da wutar lantarki a ƙasar. Haka kuma aikin samar da wutar lantarki a yankunan karkara ya samu gindin zama a dokar makamashi a ƙasar. == [[Singafora|Singapore]] == Tsohuwar Dokar Man Fetur ta Turkiyya ta shafe shekaru 70 tana aiki har zuwa shekarar 2013, inda ta kafa sabuwar dokar man fetur mai lamba 6491. Daga cikin wasu tanade-tanade, yana tsawaita shekarun da aka halatta na izinin hakowa, da rage farashi, da kuma kawar da mulkin mallaka na jiha. == [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] == Ƙasar Ingila ta fara shirin barin al'ummar Turai tun daga watan Janairun 2020. == Amurka == ''Wannan sashe ya shafi dokar Amurka, da kuma jihohin da suka fi yawan jama'a ko mafi yawan samar da makamashi.'' A cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ana sarrafa makamashi da yawa ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka, da kuma hukumomin gudanarwa na jihohi. Kowace jiha, Gwamnatin Tarayya, da [[Washington DC|Gundumar Columbia suna]] karɓar wasu harajin harajin abin hawa . Musamman, waɗannan harajin haraji ne akan man fetur, man dizal, da mai . <ref name="MVET Rates" /> Yayin da yawancin jihohi a yammacin Amurka suka dogara ga haraji mai yawa (haraji akan hakar ma'adinai), yawancin jihohi suna samun ɗan ƙaramin adadin kudaden shiga daga irin waɗannan hanyoyin. <ref name="taxdis">[http://www.taxadmin.org/fta/rate/07taxdis.html 2007 State Tax Collection by Source from the Federation of Tax Administrators website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221235533/http://taxadmin.org/fta/rate/07taxdis.html |date=2009-02-21 }}. Retrieved February 24, 2009.</ref> == Duba kuma == * Sakamakon rikicin makamashi na 2000s === Gabaɗayan batutuwan makamashi === * [[Makamashi|Tsarin makamashi]] * Kiyaye makamashi * Tattalin arzikin makamashi * Kasuwannin makamashi da abubuwan haɓaka makamashi * Karyawar ruwa * Seismicity da aka jawo * Jerin batutuwan makamashi * Albarkatun makamashi na duniya da amfani * Tarihin kasuwar mai ta duniya daga 2003 === Musamman dokoki da manufofi === * Atomic Energy Basic Law * Koyarwar hakkoki * ''Cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum et ad inferos'' * Sauƙi * Dokokin keken lantarki * Manufar makamashi na Tarayyar Turai * Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Makamashi * Tauraron Makamashi * Tsaron makamashi * Tariff ɗin ciyarwa * Amfanin man fetur da dizal da farashi * Jerin hukumomin kula da makamashi * Jerin kararrakin muhalli * Manufar makamashin nukiliya * Petrobangla - [[Bangladesh]] State Energy Corporation === Tankunan tunani da ƙungiyoyi na ilimi === * Alliance don Ajiye Makamashi * Cibiyar Makamashi, Man Fetur da Dokokin Ma'adinai * Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli * Sabunta Makamashi da Haɗin gwiwar Haɓaka Ƙarfafa Makamashi * RETSscreen * Cibiyar Makamashi da Albarkatu * Jami'ar Laval * Jami'ar Wyoming === Sabuntawa da madadin hanyoyin makamashi === * Madadin motsawa * Tsabtace Makamashi Trends * Tsabtace Tech Nation * Ƙarfafa ƙarfin hasken rana * Ingantacciyar amfani da makamashi * Abin hawa lantarki * Ƙarfin geothermal * [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar yanayi]] * Green banki * Hydro One * Tushen wutar lantarki mai ɗan lokaci * Taron Taro na Kasa da Kasa Kan Mai * Jerin batutuwan makamashi masu sabuntawa ta ƙasa * makamashin teku * Tsarin ginin hasken rana mai wucewa * Plug-in matasan * Kasuwancin makamashi mai sabuntawa * Zafi mai sabuntawa * Hasken rana * Zane mai dorewa * The Clean Tech Revolution * V2G === Kyaututtuka da ma'auni === * Ashden Awards * ISO 14001 * Jagoranci a Makamashi da Tsarin Muhalli (LEED) == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * Klause Bosselmann, Ƙa'idar ''Dorewa'' (Burlington, VT: Ashland 2008)  . * GT Goodman, WD Rowe, ''Gudanar da Hadarin Makamashi'' (New York: Academic Press 1979)  . An samo a [http://www.biblio.com/9780122896804 Biblio] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.eia.gov/ Yanar Gizon Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka] * [http://www.cailaw.org/iel/about.html Cibiyar Cibiyar Harkokin Makamashi ta yanar gizo] * [http://www.abanet.org/environ/ Sashen Muhalli, Makamashi, da Albarkatun gidan yanar gizon Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Amurka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109072229/http://www.abanet.org/environ/ |date=2011-01-09 }} * [http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/energy Dokar makamashi a gidan yanar gizon Cornell Law School] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121128033541/http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Academics/Degrees/Master_of_Laws_(LLM)/LLM_in_Energy_Law.htm LLM a cikin Dokar Makamashi a Makarantar Law ta Vermont] * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20081007071939/http://www.eba-net.org/journal.php Jaridar Dokar Makamashi]'' * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20080514071037/http://jwelb.oxfordjournals.org/ Journal of World Energy Law & Business]'', da takwarori-bita, da hukuma jarida na Association of International Petroleum Negotiators, buga ta Oxford University Press. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081001182903/http://www.energylawnet.com/ Energy Law Net, gidan yanar gizo mai hulɗa don lauyoyin makamashi] * [http://energy.pace.edu Yanar Gizo na Jami'ar Pace Energy & Climate Center] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621102902/http://www.findlaw.com/01topics/42energy/index.html Dokar makamashi ta Amurka, daga gidan yanar gizon FindLaw.com] * [http://corporate.findlaw.com/industry/energy/index.html Jerin masana'antun makamashi na Amurka, daga gidan yanar gizon FindLaw.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020410043849/http://corporate.findlaw.com/industry/energy/index.html |date=2002-04-10 }} * [http://energy.einnews.com/ Yanar Gizo na Masana'antar Makamashi a Yau] [[Category:Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Haƙƙoƙi]] [[Category:Haƙƙoƙin Mata]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9nlonhu7763leywelmamikkjk04b8rs 0 30326 839642 721363 2026-05-24T11:34:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:United_States_Freedom_of_Information_Act_logo_(light).svg |thumb|Tambarin Tarayyar Amurka na Yancin yin Bayani]] [[File:Freedom_of_Information_Act_Advisory_Committee_20180417-01-021_(40782951605).jpg |thumb| Kwamitin ba da shawara na 'yancin yin bayanai ]] [[File:Freedom of Information Act 2000 (UKPGA 2000-36 qp).pdf|thumb| daftarin aiki]] Dokar '''<nowiki/>'Yancin Bayani ta shekarar 2000''' (c. 36) doka ce ta Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya wacce ta haifar da "yancin samun dama ga jama'a" ga bayanan da hukumomin gwamnati ke rike da su. Shi ne aiwatar da dokar 'yancin bayanai a cikin [[Burtaniya]] a matakin kasa. Aikace-aikacen sa yana iyakance a cikin Scotland (wanda ke da nasa 'yancin yin doka) zuwa ofisoshin Gwamnatin Burtaniya da ke Scotland. Dokar ta aiwatar da kudurin jam'iyyar Labour a babban zaben shekarata 1997, wanda David Clark ya kirkira a matsayin White Paper na shekarar 1997. Masu fafutukar 'yancin ba da labari sun soki sigar karshe ta Dokar a matsayin wani nau'i mai narke na abin da aka gabatar a cikin White Paper. Cikakken tanadin dokar ya fara aiki ne a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarata 2005. Dokar ta kasance alhakin Sashen Ubangiji Chancellor (yanzu an sake masa suna Ma'aikatar Shari'a ). Koyaya, manufar ƴancin yin bayani yanzu alhakin Ofishin Majalisar Dokoki ne. Dokar ta kai ga sauya sunan Kwamishinan Kare Bayanai (wanda aka kafa don gudanar da Dokar Kare Bayanai ta shekarar 1998 ), wanda yanzu ake kiransa da Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai . Ofishin kwamishinan yada labarai ne ke sa ido kan yadda dokar ke aiki. Dokar 'yancin bayanai ta biyu tana nan a cikin Burtaniya, Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai (Scotland) Dokar 2002 (asp 13). Majalisar Scotland ta zartar da shi a cikin shekarar 2002, don rufe kungiyoyin jama'a wanda majalisar Holyrood, maimakon Westminster, ke da hurumi. Ga wadannan cibiyoyi, ya cika manufa daya da Dokar shekarata 2000. Kusan bukatun 120,000 ne aka yi a farkon shekarar da dokar ta fara aiki. <ref name="frontier economics report">[https://web.archive.org/web/20061123202618/http://www.dca.gov.uk/foi/reference/foi-independent-review.pdf "Independent Review of the impact of the Freedom of Information Act: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE DEPARTMENT FOR CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS"], ''Frontier Economics Ltd'', October 2006. </ref> Masu zaman kansu sun sami kashi 60% na su, tare da kasuwanci da 'yan jarida suna lissafin kashi 20% da 10% bi da bi. Sannan Duk da haka bukatun daga 'yan jarida sun kasance sun fi rikitarwa kuma saboda haka sun fi tsada. Sun yi lissafin kusan kashi 10% na bukatun FoI na farko da aka yi wa gwamnatin tsakiya amma kashi 20% na kudin lokacin jami'ai wajen magance bukatun. <ref name="frontier economics report" /> Dokar ta ci fam miliyan 35.5 a shekarar 2005. <ref name="TE8532">[http://www.economist.com/node/8459574?story_id=8459574 "Every expense spared"], ''The Economist'', 19 December 2006, Number 8532, page 46. </ref> == Fage == Dokar ta aiwatar da abin da jam'iyyar Labour ta gabatar a babban zaben shekarata 1997 . Kafin gabatar da shi, babu wani hakkin samun gwamnati daga jama'a, kawai kayyadaddun tsarin sa kai na musayar bayanai. === Farar takarda === An riga an gabatar da wannan aiki da wata Farar takarda ta 1998, ''Hakkinku na Sani'', na David Clark. Takardar ta farar fata ta gamu da yaduwar sha'awa, kuma an kwatanta ta a lokacin a matsayin "kusan ta yi kyau ta zama gaskiya" ta wani mai ba da shawara na 'yancin yin doka. Dokar ta karshe ta fi kayyadaddun iyaka fiye da farar takarda ta farko. === Muhawarar majalisa === An buga wani daftarin doka a watan Mayu shekarata 1999; An yi muhawara da yawa game da dokar a cikin House of Commons da House of Lords, kuma ya sami izinin sarauta a cikin Nuwamba shekarata 2000. == Aiki == === Aiwatar da aiki === Dokar 'Yancin Bayani ta kirkira ira hakkin doka don samun damar bayanai dangane da kungiyoyin da ke aiwatar da ayyukan jama'a. Kuma An rufe nau'ikan gawawwaki guda uku a karkashin dokar: Hukumomin Jama'a, kamfanoni mallakar jama'a da kungiyoyin da aka kebe masu yin ayyukan jama'a. ==== Hukumomin gwamnati ==== A ka'ida, 'yancin yin bayanai ya shafi duk "hukumomin jama'a" a cikin Kasar Ingila. Cikakken jerin "hukumomin jama'a" don dalilai na dokar an hada su a cikin Jadawalin 1. Ma'aikatun gwamnati, Majalisar Dokoki, Majalisar Ireland ta Arewa, Majalisar Welsh, Sojoji, Hukumomin Kananan Hukumomi, Hukumomin Lafiya na Kasa, Makarantu, Kwalejoji da Jami'o'i, Hukumomin 'Yan Sanda da Manyan Jami'an 'Yan Sanda sun shiga cikin wannan jerin, wanda ya kasance a cikin wannan jerin. Sannan Ya bambanta daga Majalisar Kula da Dabbobin Noma zuwa Majalisar Matasa ta Arewacin Ireland. Wasu ma'aikatun gwamnati ba a kebance su daga iyakokin dokar, musamman ayyukan leben asiri . Yayin da aka rufe sassan gwamnati da kirkirar, dole ne a cigaba da sabunta dokar. s4 na Dokar yana ba wa Sakataren Gwamnati ikon yin karar hukuma ko ma'aikata a cikin Jadawalin 1 a matsayin ikon jama'a idan an kirkirar su bisa doka ko dama; kuma gwamnati ce ta nada mambobinta. ===== Hybrid jama'a hukumomin ===== Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ga wasu hukumomin jama'a da aka jera a karkashin Jadawalin 1, dokar tana da iyakacin tasiri. Misali, BBC tana bin dokar ne kawai don samun bayanan da ba a yi amfani da su don dalilai na aikin jarida, fasaha ko adabi ba, don hana ayyukanta na jarida yin sulhu. An yi la'akari da iyakar wannan tanadi a cikin hukuncin da babbar kotu ta yanke kwanan nan na ''BBC v Sugar'' wani takarda na cikin gida na BBC da ke nazarin labaran da BBC ta yi kan Gabas ta Tsakiya don yiwuwar nuna son kai. Wadanda suka shigar da kara a waccan lamarin sun ce an samar da takardar ne saboda dalilai na aiki da na aikin jarida, don haka bai kamata a rufe wani bangare na kebancewa a cikin dokar ba. Babbar kotun ta yi watsi da wannan hujja; Kuma Mista Justice Irwin ya yi la'akari da cewa ma'anar aikin jarida a cikin dokar yana nufin cewa duk wani bayani da aka gudanar don irin wadannan dalilai an rufe shi da keɓe:<blockquote>karshenta ita ce, kalmomin da ke cikin Jadawalin suna nufin BBC ba ta da wani nauyin bayyana bayanan da suke rike da su ko da yaushe don dalilai na aikin jarida, fasaha ko wallafe-wallafe, ko bayanan ko a'a ana gudanar da su don wasu dalilai. Kuma Kalmomin ba sa nufin cewa bayanan ba za a iya bayyana su ba idan an rike su don dalilai daban-daban daga aikin jarida, fasaha ko adabi, yayin da kuma ana rike su zuwa kowane muhimmin matsayi don dalilan da aka lissafa. Idan bayanin an rike shi don dalilai masu gauraya, gami da kowane muhimmin makasudi da aka jera a cikin Jadawalin ko daya daga cikinsu, to ba za a iya bayyana bayanin ba.</blockquote>Mafi rinjaye na 4:1 (Lord Wilson dissenting) na Kotun Koli ya amince da wannan hukuncin, yana mai cewa ba za a cire duk wani bayani da aka gudanar don aikin jarida, fasaha ko wallafe-wallafe ba - koda kuwa an yi amfani da bayanin don wasu dalilai. . ==== Kamfanoni na jama'a ==== Kamfanonin da suka fadi cikin ma'anar kamfani mallakar jama'a a karkashin s6 na Dokar sun fadi kai tsaye. S6 yana ba da cewa kamfani mallakar jama'a ne idan: : (a) mallakin Sarki ne gaba daya, ko : (b) Duk wata hukuma ce ta gwamnati da aka jera a cikin Jadawalin 1 ban da :: (i) ma'aikatar gwamnati, ko :: (ii) kowace hukuma wacce aka jera kawai dangane da takamaiman bayani. ==== Jikunan da aka zayyana ==== A karkashin sashe na 5 na dokar, Sakataren Gwamnati na iya nada sauran hukumomi a matsayin hukumomin gwamnati a karkashin dokar, Kuma matukar dai wadancan hukumomin suna gudanar da wani aiki na dabi'ar jama'a ko kuma suna yin kwangila don ba da sabis wanda tanadin aikin hukuma ne. Umarni na farko a karkashin sashe na 5 (a cikin Nuwamba shekarata 2011) ya tsawaita jerin hukumomin jama'a har ma sun hada da Kungiyar Manyan Jami'an 'Yan Sanda, Ma'aikatar Ombudsman na Kudi da UCAS . === Hakkin shiga === Dokar ta haifar da hakkin shiga gaba daya, bisa bukata, ga bayanan da hukumomin jama'a ke rike. Sannan A lokacin da aka sami 'yancin yin bayani, hukumar jama'a tana da ayyuka guda biyu masu kama da juna. Na farko, wajibi ne a sanar da memba na jama'a ko yana rike da bayanin da aka nema (s1(1)(a)) ko a'a, kuma na biyu, idan ya rike wannan bayanin, don isar da shi ga wanda ya yi wannan bukatar (s1). (1) (b)). Kuma A matsayin makasudi wannan, Dokar ta ba da daidaitattun Hakkoki don tabbatarwa ko kin yarda da sadarwa da bayanan da suka dace ga mutumin da ke yin bukata a karkashin dokar. Sannan Babban aikin yana kara da karin aiki don taimakawa mutane wajen yin bukatu da tabbatar da cewa sun tsara bukatun FOI din su yadda ya kamata. (s.16(1)) Koyaya, akwai kebe masu yawa. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sanduna ne cikakke don bayyanawa; wasu sun cancanta, wanda ke nufin dole ne hukumomin gwamnati su yanke shawara ko sha'awar jama'a na bayyana bayanan da suka dace ya fi amfanin jama'a na kiyaye wannan kebe. Kuma Mai neman bayani wanda ya yi la'akari da cewa an ki amincewa da bukatar ba da gaskiya ba zai iya yin amfani da shi ga Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai, wanda ke da ikon ba da umarnin bayyanawa. Duk da haka, ana iya daukaka irin wadannan umarni zuwa ga kwararrun kotunan shari'a ( Kotutin Bayani ) kuma a wasu yanayi Gwamnati na da ikon soke umarnin Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai. Kowane mutum na iya neman bayani a karkashin dokar; wannan ya hada da kungiyoyin doka kamar kamfanoni. Babu tsari na musamman don nema. Masu neman ba sa bukatar ambaton Dokar lokacin yin bukata. Kuma Masu neman ba sai sun bayar da dalilin bukatarsu ba. === Kebancewa === Ko da yake dokar ta kunshi bayanai da dama na gwamnati, dokar ta kunshi tanadi iri-iri da ke ba da kebewa daga bayyana wasu nau'ikan bayanai. Dokar ta kunshi nau'i biyu na kebewa. “Cikakken” kebancewa wadanda ba a karkashin kowane kima na amfanin jama’a, suna aiki a matsayin cikakkar sanduna don bayyana bayanai da kuma kebancewar “cancantar” inda dole ne a yi gwajin amfanin jama’a, tare da daidaita sha’awar jama’a wajen kiyaye kebancewa da amfanin jama’a. cikin bayyana bayanan. Sannan Asalin 'Yancin Bayanin Farin Takarda ya ba da shawarar 15 irin wannan kebe, amma lissafin karshe ya hada da 24, kuma ba duka na 15 na farko sun hada ba. ==== Cikakken kebewa ==== Kebancewar da aka kebance "cikakkiyar kebancewa" ba a hada gwajin amfanin jama'a. Dokar ta kunshi irin wadannan kebancewa guda takwas: * Bayanin da ake samu ta wasu hanyoyi (s.21) * Bayani na jami'an tsaro (s.23) * Bayanin da ke cikin bayanan kotu (s.32) * Inda bayyana bayanan zai keta alfarmar majalisa (s.34) * Bayanin da Majalisar Wakilai ko Gidan Iyayengiji ke rike, inda bayyanawa zai bata ingancin tafiyar da al'amuran jama'a (s.36). (Bayanan da ba kowa ko Ubangiji ba ya fado karkashin s.36 yana karkashin gwajin amfanin jama'a) * Bayanin da (a) mai nema zai iya samu a karkashin Dokar Kariyar Bayanai 1998 ; ko (b) inda sakin zai keta ka'idodin kariyar bayanai. (s.40) * Bayanin da aka bayar cikin aminci (s.41) * Lokacin bayyana bayanin an hana shi ta hanyar doka; wanda bai dace da wajibcin [[Tarayyar Turai]] ba; ko kuma zai yi wulakanci ga kotu (s.44). ==== Keɓe masu cancanta ==== Idan bayanin ya fadi cikin kwararrun kebe, dole ne ya kasance karkashin gwajin sha'awar jama'a. Don haka, yanke shawara kan aikace-aikacen kwararrun kebe yana aiki a matakai biyu. Kuma Da farko dai, dole ne hukuma ta tantance ko an rufe bayanan ko a'a, sannan kuma ko da an rufe shi, dole ne hukuma ta bayyana bayanan sai dai idan an yi amfani da gwajin amfanin jama'a ya nuna cewa amfanin jama'a ya yarda da rashin bayyanawa. Kuma Za a iya raba abubuwan da suka cancanta zuwa kashi biyu na gaba: kebancewa na tushen aji da ke rufe bayanai a cikin azuzuwan musamman, da keɓancewar tushen cutarwa da ke rufe yanayin da bayyana bayanai zai iya haifar da lahani. ===== Kebancewar aji ===== * Bayanin da aka yi niyya don bugawa nan gaba (s.22) * Bayanan da ba su fada cikin s. 23 (1) an kebe idan an bukata don manufar kiyaye tsaron kasa (s.24) * Bayanan da aka rike don dalilai na bincike da shari'ar da hukumomin jama'a suka gudanar (s.30) * Bayanan da suka shafi kafa manufofin gwamnati, sadarwar ministoci, shawarwari daga jami'an shari'a na gwamnati, da kuma yadda ake gudanar da kowane ofishin minista mai zaman kansa (s.35). * Bayanin da ya danganci sadarwa tare da membobin gidan sarauta, da ba da girma (s.37) * Yana hana haduwa tsakanin Dokar FoI da ka'idodin da ke bukatar bayyana bayanan muhalli (s.39) * Bayanin da kwararrun gata ta doka ta kunshi (s.42) * Sirrin ciniki (s.43(1)) ===== Kebance tushen cutarwa ===== A karkashin wadannan kebancewar kebancewar ya shafi (batun gwajin sha'awar jama'a) idan bin aikin da ke karkashin s.1 zai kasance ko kuma zai kasance: * Kare son zuciya ko iyawa, tasiri ko tsaro na kowane runduna masu dacewa (s.26) * Dangantaka tsakanin kasa da kasa (s.27) * Dangantaka na son zuciya tsakanin kowace gwamnati a Burtaniya da kowace irin wannan gwamnati (s.28) * Nuna son zuciya ga muradun tattalin arzikin Burtaniya (s.29) * Dokar tilasta bin doka (misali, hana aikata laifuka ko gudanar da shari'a, da sauransu) (s.31) * Rasantar ayyukan tantancewar kowace hukuma (s.33) * A cikin madaidaicin ra'ayi na mutumin da ya cancanta: nuna kyama ga ingantaccen tafiyar da al'amuran jama'a; wariya alhakin gama kai; ko kuma hana ba da shawara ko musanyar ra’ayi kyauta da gaskiya (s.36) * Haxari lafiyar jiki ko ta hankali, ko sanya lafiyar mutum cikin hadari (s.38) * Sha'awar kasuwanci na son zuciya (s.43(2)) === kin bukatun === ==== M bukatun ==== Ba a wajabta wa hukuma ta cika bukatun neman bayanai idan bukatar ta kasance mai ban haushi.(s14(1)) Ana daukar bukatu mai ban haushi idan ta kasance ‘mai radadi ne ko kuma a bayyane yake ba ta da hankali’, ta tursasa hukuma ko ta haifar da damuwa ga ma’aikatanta. yana sanya nauyi mai mahimmanci, sannan ko kuma idan bukatar ba ta da wata kima mai mahimmanci. === Aiwatar da aikin === Dokar ta shafi hukumomin gwamnati sama da 100,000 da suka hada da sassan gwamnati, makarantu da kansiloli. Dokar ta fara aiki ne a matakai, tare da "babban hakkin samun dama" ga bayanan jama'a a karkashin dokar da ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairu shekarata 2005. Kazalika "babban hakkin samun dama", Dokar ta dora alhakin hukumomin jama'a su dauka da kuma kula da "tsare-tsare na bugawa" don fitar da mahimman bayanai na yau da kullun (kamar rahotanni na shekara-shekara da asusu). Dole ne Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai ya amince da wadannan tsare-tsaren daba'ar. Gaba daya, hukumomin jama'a suna da kwanaki 20 na aiki don amsa bukatun bayanai, kodayake ana iya tsawaita wannan wa'adin a wasu lokuta da/ko tare da yarjejeniyar mai nema. Kuma A karkashin dokar, an karfafa hukumomin gwamnati da su shiga tattaunawa da mai bukata don tantance bayanan da suke so, da kuma tsarin da suke so a ciki - ita kanta, canjin yadda hukumomin Burtaniya ke mu'amala da jama'a. Ana iya ki bukatun idan sun biya sama da £600, gami da lokacin da aka kashe don neman fayiloli. <ref name="TE8532"/> Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kafa Cibiyar Samun Bayanai ta Tsakiya don tabbatar da daidaito a duk fadin Gwamnatin Tsakiya ta hanyar da ake bi da bukatun. === Siffofin da ba a saba gani ba === Bangarorin uku na Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai na Burtaniya sun bambanta da matsayi a wasu kasashe da yawa: * Bukatun mutane don samun damar yin amfani da bayanansu na sirri ana aiwatar da su a waje da dokar don dalilai masu amfani. Ana mu'amala da su a karkashin Dokar Kariyar Bayanai ta 2018 da zarar an kaddara cewa keɓancewar bayanan sirri na bangare na farko yana aiki, kodayake wasu mahimman tanade-tanade sun ci gaba da aiki misali 'yancin kai kara ga Kwamishinan Watsa Labarai. * Bukatun bayanai game da abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli ana aiwatar da su ta Dokokin Bayanin Muhalli a shekarata 2004 . Wadannan ka'idodin, yayin da suke kama da FOIA, sun bambanta ta hanyoyi da yawa. * Babu wata hanyar da wasu bangarori uku za su iya kalubalantar shawarar hukuma ta jama'a don bayyana bayanai: alal misali, idan kungiyar kasuwanci ta ba da bayanai ga hukumomin jama'a, kuma hukuma ta bayyana wannan bayanin don amsa bukatar Dokar FOI, kungiyar kasuwanci. ba shi da damar daukaka kara kan wannan hukuncin. Sabanin haka, aikace-aikacen "reverse FOI" irin wannan na kowa ne a cikin Amurka == liyafar == A lokacin zartas da dokar, masu fafutukar kare hakkin yada labarai sun yi kakkausar suka ga kudirin saboda sarkakiyar sa, da iyakacin iyaka da kuma shigar da matakin minista. Lord Mackay ya soki kudirin dokar a zauren majalisar da cewa “marasa hakora” saboda shigar da tanade-tanaden da ya baiwa ministoci damar yin watsi da bukatar. Sabanin haka, tsohon firaminista ( [[Tony Blair]] ) da ke da alhakin zartar da dokar yana la'akari da ita a matsayin "Daya daga cikin manyan kurakuran aikinsa". Sannan kumaYa ce, “Ga shugabannin siyasa, kamar ka ce wa wanda ya buge ka da sanda, ‘Kai, ka gwada wannan maimakon’, a kuma ba su tudu. Ba a neman bayanin saboda dan jarida yana da sha'awar sani, kuma ba a ba da shi don ba da ilimi ga 'mutane'. Ana amfani da shi azaman makami." Abokin aikin kwadago Lord Falconer ya soki yadda ‘yan jarida suka yi amfani da wannan aiki don “ balaguron kamun kifi” a cikin labarun salaci, yana mai cewa “FoI ba don manema labarai ba ne [,] na mutane ne. Kuma Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata domin inganta gwamnati mai kyau. Ya kamata a kula da bayanai cikin mutunci, kuma na yi imani da gaske cewa akwai wani nauyi da ya rataya a wuyan a madadin kafafen yada labarai kuma.” A cikin labarin ''<nowiki/>'Yancin Bayani: Tunkiya a cikin tufafin wolf?'' Rodney Austin yana ba da sukar masu zuwa game da ainihin Dokar: * Keban kebancewa ya fi fa'ida fiye da kowane aikin 'yancin yin bayani da ake yi a cikin Kasar dimokuradiyya. * Abubuwan da suka wajaba don kafa tsare-tsaren daba'a sun lalace ma'ana cewa babu wani aikin buga bayanai na kowane takamaiman nau'in. * Akwai kin amincewar ministocin da ke karya dokar. An yi amfani da wannan sau biyar: karo na farko don dakatar da buga mintoci na taron majalisar ministocin da suka shafi mamaye Iraki, na biyu da na uku na gwamnatocin da suka gabata don dakatar da buga tarukan majalisar ministocin da suka shafi tattaunawa game da juyin mulki, na hudu da ya dakatar da buga rajistar hadarin akan sake fasalin NHS a Ingila, kuma na biyar don dakatar da buga wasikun sirri [[Charles, Yariman Wales]] ya aika zuwa wasu sassan gwamnati. Har ila yau, an soki dokar da “kumburi” da ke baiwa hukumomi damar kaucewa bayyana bayanai a wasu yanayi. Kamfanoni mallakin Kuma wata hukuma ta jama'a gaba daya suna karkashin Dokar amma kamfanoni biyu ko fiye da hukumomin jama'a ba a rufe su. == Bayanan da dokar ta bayyana == Abubuwan da wannan doka ta fito fili sun hada da: * Gwamnati ta amince da bayar da tallafin fan miliyan 1.5 na daya daga cikin makarantun da suka fi fama da rikici a cikin shirinta na manyan makarantun kwana goma kafin babban zaben shekara ta 2005. <ref name="times" /> * Ministoci da 'yan majalisar wakilai sun yi ikirarin dubunnan fam a kan tasi a matsayin wani bangare na fan miliyan 5.9 na kudaden balaguro. <ref name="times" /> * An zargi jami'an diflomasiyyar kasashen waje - wadanda ke da kariyar diflomasiyya - da laifin fyade, cin zarafi, cin zarafin yara da kisan kai yayin da suke aiki a Biritaniya. <ref name="times" /> * Jami'an 'yan sanda saba'in da hudu da ke aiki tare da 'yan sanda na Biritaniya suna da bayanan aikata laifuka. <ref name="times" /> * Wani shirin azabtarwa na Birtaniyya na ɓoye ya kasance a cikin Jamus bayan yaƙin, "mai tunawa da sansanonin taro". <ref name="times" /> * Birtaniya ta goyi bayan shirin [[Makaman nukiliya|makamin nukiliya]] na Isra'ila, ta hanyar sayar da Isra'ila tan 20 na ruwa mai nauyi a shekarata 1958. * Hukumar NHS ta samar da kayan dasa implanon ga 'yan mata masu shekaru 13 a wani yunkuri na yanke cikin samari. <ref name="times">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090517012457/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/global/article1471409.ece 59 things that would have stayed secret]", ''The Times'', 5 March 2007. </ref> * Yawancin 'yan sanda a Burtaniya sun rufe zarge-zargen cin zarafi a cikin gida da ake yi wa jami'ansu kamar yadda Alexandra Heal ta gano a cikin Ofishin Binciken Jarida. == Kudirin gyara == Dokar 'Yancin Bayani (gyara) kudiri ne mai zaman kansa wanda aka gabatar wa Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya a shekarata 2007 wanda ya kasa zama doka. Dan majalisar mai ra'ayin mazan jiya David Maclean ne ya gabatar da kudirin don tabbatar da cewa an cire wasikun 'yan majalisar dokokin 'yancin yada labarai. Shugaban jam'iyyar Liberal Democrats na lokacin, Sir Menzies Campbell, ya ce bai kamata a kasance "doka daya ga 'yan majalisar dokoki da wata doka ta daban ga kowa ba" kuma kudirin na iya sa ya zama kamar "Majalisar tana da wani abu da za ta boye". <ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6591933.stm Blair 'no comment' on info bill]", BBC, 25 April 2007. </ref> Sai dai kuma hakan ya kasa a tsallake karatu na farko a zauren majalisar. Bugu da Kari, Lord Falconer ya yi tsokaci da ke nuna cewa lokacin da aka kashe don yanke shawarar ko bayanin ya fadi karkashin ka'idar amincewa ya kamata a hada shi cikin iyakar farashin £ 600. An gudanar da shawarwarin, inda gwamnati ta ce canjin zai rage kashe kudi tare da hana neman bayanai marasa kan gado, <ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6686389.stm Bid to put off info time-wasters]", BBC, 24 May 2007. </ref> ko da yake masu sukar sun ce hakan ne don a boye bayanan kunya. <ref name="TE8532"/> <ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6058184.stm Change 'will weaken' openness law]", BBC, 17 October 2006. </ref> <ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6179617.stm Ministers to limit openness law]", BBC, 14 December 2006. </ref> == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Yakin Neman 'Yancin Bayanai * Mulkin shekara talatin == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * ''Dokar 'Yancin Bayani'' (MacDonald, Jones et al.: OUP 2003) * ''Hakkin Bayani'' (Coppel at al.: Sweet and Maxwell 2004) * ''Hakkinku Don Sani'' (Brooke, H.: Latsa Pluto 2006) == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == * Text of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120920050609/http://www.ico.gov.uk/ Ofishin Kwamishinan Labarai] * [http://foia.blogspot.com Dokar 'Yancin Bayanin Blog] (wanda Steve Wood, malami a Jami'ar Liverpool John Moores ya kiyaye) * [http://www.pdpjournals.com/freedom_of_information/ Jaridar 'Yancin Bayanai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208181842/http://www.pdpjournals.com/freedom_of_information/ |date=2011-02-08 }} * Labarin Laburare na [https://web.archive.org/web/20061120224400/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2000/rp00-089.pdf House of Commons] (Nazarin aiwatar da Dokar 'Yancin Bayanai) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181118181828/http://www.opengovjournal.org/ Bude Gwamnati: Jaridar 'Yancin Bayanai.] Bude mujallar e-jarida tare da bincike-bincike na tsara da sharhi kan FOI a duk duniya * [http://www.whatdotheyknow.com WhatDoTheyKnow.com] - tsarin tushen yanar gizo don yin da buga buƙatun 'Yancin Bayanai, wanda MySociety ke kiyayewa [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c27bq0bt7na2bfau93uz8yptes9e0v2 0 31190 839549 712798 2026-05-24T01:51:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Călin Georgescu''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1962) babban ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar [[Romainiya|Romania]] ne a cikin ci gaba mai dorewa, tare da ƙwararren ƙwarewa a fagen, bayan shekaru 17 na hidima a yankin muhalli a cikin tsarin [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]. An nada Georgescu a matsayin darektan zartarwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Global Sustainable Index Institute a Geneva da Vaduz na lokacin 2015-2016. Kafin wannan, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Turai don Club of Rome (2013-2015). Hakanan memba ne na Club of Rome International a [[Switzerland]]. == Ilimi == An haifi Georgescu a unguwar Cotroceni na [[Bukarest|Bucharest]], ɗan Scarlat Georgescu da Aneta Georgescu, ''née'' Popescu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cadranpolitic.ro/calin-georgescu-fisa-de-cadre/|title=Călin Georgescu, fișă de cadre|language=ro|first=Virginia|last=Mircea|website=www.cadranpolitic.ro|date=December 17, 2020|access-date=February 9, 2022}}</ref> Ya kammala karatun digiri na Kwalejin Reclamation Land, Nicolae Bălcescu Institute of Agronomy a Bucharest (1986) kuma ya sami Ph.D. a cikin ilimin ƙasa a 1999. == Aiki == Georgescu ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan Cibiyar ci gaba mai dorewa ta kasa a Bucharest daga 2000 zuwa 2013. Wani ikon da aka amince da shi a cikin tsare-tsare da tsara manufofin jama'a, Gwamnatin Romania ta nada shi don daidaita haɓaka nau'ikan dabarun ci gaba mai dorewa na ƙasa (a cikin 1999 da 2008), daidai da jagororin Dabarun Turai don Dorewa. Ci gaba. Ya haɗu da cikakken ilimin ka'idoji da ayyuka na ci gaba mai dorewa tare da ƙwarewar aikin hannu ta hanyar yin aiki tare da masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin jama'a da masu zaman kansu da kuma tare da ƙungiyoyin jama'a don tsarawa, aiwatarwa da kuma bi ta hanyar kammala wasu ayyuka na musamman a karkashin gida. Ajanda 21 (wanda Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya qaddamar a 1992) don fiye da gundumomin Romania 40. Wani tsohon babban jami'in shirin ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Georgescu ya kuma rike mukamai daban-daban a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kamar Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman game da illar haramtacciyar motsi da zubar da kayayyaki masu guba da haɗari da sharar gida kan jin daɗin 'yancin ɗan adam Wakilin kwamitin UNEP na kasar Romania. Ya kuma rike mukamai kamar: Mai ba da shawara ga Ministan Muhalli, Sakatare Janar na Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Daraktan Sashen Kungiyoyin Tattalin Arziki na Duniya a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Romania, Babban Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Rum ta Rum da kuma zartarwa. darektan Cibiyar kere-kere da ayyukan raya kasa. A cewar wata sanarwa da aka bayar a watan Nuwamba 2020, Georgescu ya bayyana cewa Ion Antonescu da Corneliu Zelea Codreanu jarumai ne wanda ta hanyarsu "ya rayu tarihin kasa, ta hanyar su yana magana kuma ya faɗi tarihin ƙasa kuma ba ta hanyar rashin ƙarfi na ikon duniya da ke jagorantar Romania a yau ba. na dan lokaci".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/cine-este-calin-georgescu-propunerea-aur-pentru-functia-de-premier-1417286|title=Cine este Călin Georgescu, propunerea AUR pentru funcția de premier|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2021-10-08|language=ro}}</ref> An gabatar da Georgescu a matsayin Firayim Minista ta Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), jam'iyyar da ta shiga Majalisar Romania bayan zaben majalisar dokokin Romania na Disamba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AUR a anunțat pe cine va propune ca premier: "Călin Georgescu este un român patriot"|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/aur-a-anuntat-pe-cine-va-propune-ca-premier-calin-georgescu-este-un-roman-patriot.html|access-date=2020-12-07|website=Stirileprotv.ro}}</ref> A lokacin rikicin siyasar Romania na 2021 wanda ya haifar da tsige shi daga ofishin majalisar ministocin Cîțu, jam'iyyar ta sake ba shi shawara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Simion: "AUR propune un premier independent, care să respecte interesele națiunii române"|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/simion-aur-propune-un-premier-independent-care-sa-respecte-interesele-natiunii-romane.html|website=Știrile Pro TV|date=11 October 2021|language=ro|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai da dama sun soki Georgescu saboda kalamansa na goyon bayan Rasha, wasu ma suna daukarsa a matsayin wakilin muradun Rasha a Romania.<ref name="Ziariștii_2021-04-072">{{Citation|url=https://ziaristii.com/calin-georgescu-aur-la-pandele-tv-promovat-de-sputnik-sansa-romaniei-este-intelepciunea-ruseasca-complexul-militar-industrial-american-este-interesat-sa-impinga-catre-un-conflict/|title=Călin Georgescu-AUR, rusofil pe față la Pandele TV, promovat de Sputnik: "Șansa României este înțelepciunea rusească. Complexul militar industrial american este interesat să împingă către un conflict" - Ziariștii|newspaper=Ziariștii|date=2021-04-07|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref name="Europa Liberă România_2021-11-082">{{Citation|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/aur-si-propaganda-rusa/31498813.html|title=Cum propagă grupurile de Facebook ale AUR propaganda rusă|publisher=Europa Liberă România|date=|accessdate=2021-11-08}}</ref> == Labarai == * Romania a Crossroads, Editura Logos, Bucuresti, 2014 da Editura Christiana, 2016 (bugu na biyu da aikin ƙasar) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327182424/http://www.ipid.ro/reprofesionalizarea/?p=629 "Pentru un ideal comun"] [Don Neman Manufa gama gari], Kamfanin Bugawa na Kamfanin, Bucharest, 2012. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327214110/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=453 "Romaniya după criză.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327214110/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=453 Reprofesionalizarea"] [Romania bayan rikicin. Sake fasalin Professionalwararru], masu gudanarwa {{Interlanguage link|Mircea Malița|ro}} da Călin Georgescu, Kamfanin Bugawa na Kamfanin, Bucharest, 2010. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140712155919/http://www.ipid.ro/rr3_docs/rr3.pdf "Trezirea la realitate"] [Kira na Farkawa], a cikin ''Rumunan bayan-criză.'' ''Reprofesionalizarea României III'' [ ''Romania bayan'' Rikicin], Rahoton IPID na 3, Bucharest, 2010, shafi.&nbsp;5-15. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150506021417/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr2_ro.pdf "Recladirea capitalului uman"] [Rebuilding Human Capital], in ''Șansa României: oamenii.'' ''Reprofesionalizarea României II'' [ ''Dama ga Romania: Yin fare akan Mutane'' ], Rahoton IPID na 2, București, 2009, shafi.&nbsp;7-18. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120309011236/http://www.clubofrome.ro/php/publications_files/pdfs/1262766668.pdf "Romania a Hauwa'u na Millennium na Uku"], a cikin Millennium III, batu na musamman a kan "Wane Sojoji ne ke Tuki Turai?, Taron Tarayyar Turai na Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyar Roma", Bucharest, 23-24 May 2008, pp.&nbsp;95-103. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140211082435/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr1_ro.pdf ''"Reprofesionalizarea României"''] [Sake fasalin ''Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Romania'' ], Rahoton IPID na 1st, Bucharest, 2008; marubuci kuma edita. * [https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SNDD_2008_EN_.pdf ''Dabarun Ci gaban Dorewar Ƙasa ta Romania 2013-2020-2030''], (akwai cikin Romanian da Ingilishi), Gwamnatin Romania, Bucharest, 2008; Manajan Ayyuka. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160908065114/http://cndd.ro/documents_local_agenda_21.html ''Planurile Locale de Dezvoltare Durabilă “Agenda Locală 21”''] [Shirye-shiryen Ci gaba Mai Dorewa na Gida ƙarƙashin Tsarin Gida na 21], don ƙananan hukumomi 40, 2000-2008; Manajan Ayyuka. * [https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NSSD_1999_EN.pdf ''Dabarun ci gaba mai dorewa na ƙasa''], (samuwa cikin Romanian da Ingilishi), Shirin Raya Ƙasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bucharest, 1999; Manajan Ayyuka. * [https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Romania_2020.pdf ''Romania 2020''], Editura Conspress, București, 1998, Edita. == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Club of Rome ( https://www.clubofrome.org/ ) * Cibiyar Nazarin Turai ta Club of Rome ( http://www.clubofrome.eu/ ) * Cibiyar Ma'anar Dorewa ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - UNGSII ( http://www.ungsii.org/ ) * Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - Ofishin Babban Kwamishina - OHCHR ( http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Pages/Home.aspx ) * Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - UNDP ( http://www.undp.org/ * Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - UNEP ( http://www.unep.org/ ) * Cibiyar ci gaba mai dorewa ta ƙasa Dezvoltare Durabilă ( http://www.ncsd.ro ) * Strategia Națională pentru Dezvoltarea Durabilă a României / National Sustainable Development Strategy ( http://strategia.ncsd.ro/ ) === Labarai da hirarraki === * {{YouTube|id=mhPyLLadmgs|title=Legile Afacerilor – Călin Georgescu}} - [[TVR 2]] - "Legile Afacerilor" (Dokokin Kasuwanci), 5 Satumba 2016 - a cikin Romanian * [http://adevarul.ro/news/politica/adevarul-live-ora-1400-calin-georgescu-lider-clubul-roma-despre-nationalism-ortodoxie-lupta-politica-1_5757c7815ab6550cb8c110bf/index.html Călin Georgescu despre naționalism, ortodoxie, lupta politică] - 8 Yuni 2016 - in Romanian * [http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari Călin Georgescu: "Nu recunosc conducerea acestei țări"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306065929/http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari |date=2023-03-06 }}, 29 Maris 2015 - in Romanian * [http://meritocratia.ro/2014/10/calin-georgescu-interviu-la-realitatea-tv/ Călin Georgescu - interviu la Realitatea TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220080033/http://meritocratia.ro/2014/10/calin-georgescu-interviu-la-realitatea-tv/ |date=2016-12-20 }}, 25 Satumba 2014 - in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220171359/http://www.initiativepentruromania.ro/calin-georgescu-interviu-manifest-romania-are-nevoie-de-un-stat-care-isi-serveste-cu-abnegatie-cetatenii-si-nu-de-unul-care-slugareste-capitalul-international-2/ "Romania are nevoie de un stat care își servește cu abnegație cetățenii"], 3 ga Maris 2014 - in Romanian * [http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/lideri-priceputi-decizii-cruciale.html "Lideri farashin.] [http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/lideri-priceputi-decizii-cruciale.html Babban mahimmanci"] -a cikin Romanian, [http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/skilled-leaders-for-crucial-decisions.html “Skilled Leaders for Crucial Decisions”] a cikin Ingilishi, kalmar mafari zuwa [http://www.compania.ro/ fitowar Romanian na "Bankrupting Nature, Denying our Planetary Boundaries" na Anders Wijkman da Johan Rockström]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (kamfani, Bucharest, 2013) -a cikin Turanci. * " [http://www.bursa.ro/calin-georgescu-trebuie-restabilit-echilibrul-intre-rationalitatea-economica-si-suportabilitatea-sociala-145901&s=ziua_zeuro&articol=145901.html Trebuie restabilit echilibrul între raţionalitatea economică şi suportabilitatea socială"], hira da Adina Ardeleanu, BURSA, 27 Oktoba 2011. - in Romanian * [https://archive.today/20120331102126/http://inregistrari.antena3.ro/view-26_Aug-2011-Vorbe_grele_cu_Victor_Ciutacu-30.html BIDIYO Călin Georgescu este invitatul lui Victor Ciutacu la emisiunea "Vorbe Grele" la Antena 3], 26 Agusta 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120328123418/http://romaniapress.ro/interviuri/9657-exclusivitate-avem-ce-invata-de-la-altii-dar-problemele-noastre-tot-noi-trebuie-sa-le-rezolvam.html "Avem ce învăța de la alții, dar problemele noastre tot noi trebuie să le rezolvam"], hira da Călin Georgescu na RomaniaPress.ro, 3 Agusta 2011. - in Romanian * [http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html "Nişa României: agricultura eco"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110439/http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html |date=2012-10-08 }} : Călin Georgescu, darektan executiv al Centrului Naţional pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă din România ["Romania's Niche: bio noma": Călin Georgescu, babban darektan Cibiyar ci gaba mai dorewa ta kasa, Sabina Fati, hira da Sabina Fati. 5 Yuli 2011.-a cikin Romanian * [http://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html Ƙwararrawar tattalin arziƙi: Masanin Călin Georgescu la Dezbaterile Wall-Street.ro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145007/https://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html |date=2022-01-25 }} [Maɓallai don farfaɗo da tattalin arziƙin ƙasar nan da nan: kwararre Călin Georgescu a muhawarar Wall-Street.ro], 4 Yuli 2011.- in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110818055115/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=105268 BIDIYO: "Pentru omenire, criza actuală nu este o problemă, ci ceea ce urmează după ea"] 1 ga Yuni, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110823083021/http://www.tvr.ro/inregistrari.php Emisunea PRIM PLAN – integrala] poate fi vazuta la INREGISTRARILE SAPTAMANII, Luni: 20-06-2011.- in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805081116/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4140 "Viitorul va fi al creierului și al minții" Makoma] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805073503/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4145 Za ta kasance na Kwakwalwa da Hankali], hira da Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, Afrilu 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110324003901/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=99484 BIDIYO "Interviu în exclusivitate cu Călin Georgescu, unul dintre liderii europeni ai grupului de la Roma"] Romanian * Despre soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată a țării [Maɓallan farfaɗowar tattalin arziƙin ƙasa nan take], hira da Dr. Alex Todericiu, 15 Disamba 2010, Wall Street, [http://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Economie/96663/INTERVIU-Calin-Georgescu-Despre-solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-a-tarii.html INTERVIU - Calin Georgescu: Despre solutii pentru o relansare economica imediata a tarii] (in Romanian) . * "Poporul român va dainui, criza e provocată de trufie și lacomie" [Mutanen Romania za su daure. Rashin banza da kwaɗayi sun jefa mu cikin rikici.], hira da Irina Ursu da Lucian Hainăroșie, 16 Nuwamba 2010, www.ziare.com, [http://www.ziare.com/social/romani/calin-georgescu-poporul-roman-va-dainui-criza-e-provocata-de-trufie-si-lacomie-interviu-ziare-com-1055795 Calin Georgescu: Poporul roman va dainui, criza e provocata de trufie si lacomie - Interviu] (a cikin Romanian). * "Sunt oameni pregătiţi să-şi dedice viaţa reconstruirii acestei ţări" [Muna da mutanen da suke shirye su bauta wa ƙasar] ta Anca Hriban da Roland Cătălin Pena, 29 Oktoba 2010, Ziua Veche, [http://www.ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072558/http://ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments |date=2010-11-30 }} (a cikin Romanian). * ”Călin Georgescu: ''Romania nu este aceasta'' ” [Călin Georgescu: ''Wannan ba Romania ba'' ce], hira da George Rădulescu, 15 Oktoba 2010, Adevărul, [http://www.adevarul.ro/la_masa_adevarului/Calin_Georgescu-_-Romania_nu_este_aceasta_0_353365205.html Călin Georgescu: „Romani nu este aceasta”] (a cikin Romanian). * BIDIYO. "Expertul Călin Georgescu la videochatul Adevărul: ''În patru ani, Romania ar putea să devină lider'' ''european'' [http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/Expertul_in_Dezvoltare_Durabila_Calin_Georgescu_va_fi_prezent_de_la_ora_13-00_la_vidochatul_adevarul-ro_0_348565358.html " www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/Expertul_in_Dezvoltare_Drabila_Calin_Georgescu_va_fi_prezent_de_la_ora_13-00_la_vidochatul_adevarul-ro_0_348565358.html] (a cikin Romanian). * "Măsurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi" [Austerity Measures in a Rush], hira da Călin Georgescu na Stelian Negrea, Financiarul, 15 Yuni 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100620030447/http://www.financiarul.com/articol_46290/calin-georgescu-masurile-de-austeritate-sunt-luate-pe-genunchi.html Calin Georgescu: "Masurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi" | Interviu] (a cikin Romanian). * “N-am văzut încă o gândire coerentă pentru repornirea motoarelor economiei” [Babu Haɗin Kai akan Sake Fara Injin Tattalin Arziki], hira da Călin Georgescu na Cristian Andrei, Puterea, 13 ga Mayu 2010, (a cikin Romanian). * "Haɗa da drum cu profesioniștii!" [Tafi tare da ƙwararrun], labarin ta Călin Georgescu, Manufofin Ƙasashen Waje na Romania, Satumba/Oktoba 2009; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100503111127/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=157 Mai sana'a » Taskar Blog » Mergeti la drum cu profesionistii!] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100503111127/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=157 - Blogul Alianței Profesioniștilor pentru Progres] (cikin Romanian). * "Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru Romania" [Masu Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Romania], hira da Călin Georgescu, Jurnalul Național, 9 Yuli 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502043722/http://www.jurnalul.ro/stire-politic/profesionistii-strang-randurile-pentru-romania-514091.html "Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România"] (a cikin Romanian). * "Reprofesionalizarea României" [Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Rumaniya], hira da Călin Georgescu na Cristian Banu, Siyasa Cadran, No 67, 2009, [http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 Cadran politic - Revista lunara de analiza si informare politica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309175424/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 |date=2012-03-09 }} (a cikin Romanian). * "Incompetenţa generează corupţia" [Rashin Ƙarfafa Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru], hira da Călin Georgescu na Ovidiu Nahoi, Adevărul, 9 Disamba 2008, [http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Incompetenta-genereaza-coruptia_0_25197567.html http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Incompetenta-genereaza-251tia_6] Romanian . === Kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito === * [http://www.activenews.ro/stiri-politic/Afirmatii-fara-precedent-facute-in-direct-la-Televiziunea-Nationala-Romania-nu-mai-este-un-stat-ci-o-corporatie-condusa-de-straini.-In-ultimii-26-ani-Romania-a-pierdut-peste-UN-TRILION-de-euro-mai-mult-decat-a-pierdut-de-la-Stefan-cel-Mare-pana-n-89-138517 "Romania nu mai este un stat, ci o corporatie condusa de straini"], 22 Nuwamba 2016 - in Romanian * [http://www.romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 "Motivatia: Romania"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232414/http://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 |date=2018-01-04 }}, 1 Satumba 2014 - in Romanian * [http://www.csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html "Ya soluție pentru ieșirea din criză: dezvoltarea durabilă"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625103655/https://csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html |date=2022-06-25 }} [Hanyar fita daga cikin rikicin: ci gaba mai dorewa], labarin da Green Revolution Association, 9 Nuwamba 2010, CSR Romania. - in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024001/http://www.cotidianul.ro/126184-Romania_dupa_criza_Reprofesionalizarea "Romani după-criză.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024001/http://www.cotidianul.ro/126184-Romania_dupa_criza_Reprofesionalizarea Reprofesionalizarea"] [Romania bayan Rikicin. Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru], na Dumitru Constantin, 12 Oktoba 2010, Cotidianul. - in Romanian * "Reprofesionalizarea României: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric da Dumitru Costin" [Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Romania: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric da Dumitru Costin], na I.Culianu, Wordpress, 23 Yuni 2010, [http://culianu.wordpress.com/2010/06/23/reprofesionalizarea-romaniei-calin-georgescu-dan-puric-si-dumitru-costin-2/ Reprofesionalizarea Romaniemi, Dan Georges Dumitru: Calitrun Costin] . * "Desemnarea unui reprezentant al României în funcţia de Raportor na musamman ONU" [Nadin Wakilin Romania a matsayin Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman], Sanarwar manema labarai, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Bucharest, 21 Yuni 2010, [http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4 http://www.mae.ro/index] . [http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4 .php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4] . * "Pledoarie pentru competenţă, distributism şi economie civică" [Plea for Competence, Distributive Growth and Civic Economy] na Ovidiu Hurduzeu, 18 Yuni 2010, [http://atreiafortaromaniaprofunda.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-pledoarie-pentru-competenta.html http://atreifortaromaniaprofunda.blogspot.com/2010/2010 gwargwado.html] . * "Reprofesionalizarea României - lansarea unui proiect naţional" [Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Romania: Ƙaddamar da Aikin Ƙasa], na Roxana Mazilu, Siyasa Cadran, No 67, 2009 [http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=?Reprofesionalizarea http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?&title=27 =?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145003/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=%3FReprofesionalizarea |date=2022-01-25 }} [http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=?Reprofesionalizarea Reprofesionalizarea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145003/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=%3FReprofesionalizarea |date=2022-01-25 }} . * "Anii vacilor slabe" [The Lean Years], na Emil Hurezeanu, Cotidianul, 6 Maris 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050731/http://old.cotidianul.ro/anii_vacilor_slabe-79.html . * "Formarea elitelor profesionale-soluția pentru dezvoltarea durabilă a României" [Koyarwar ƙwararrun Elites: Magani don Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa], EurActiv, 3 Maris 2008, [http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%72008 /Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054035/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html |date=2012-03-06 }} . * "L'IPID a lance le volume La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie", Investir en Roumanie, 29 Fabrairu 2008, [http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html Investir da Roumanie : L'IPID a lance le volume "La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie" - actualités économiques et opportunités d'affaires en Roumanie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070040/http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html |date=2023-03-06 }} . * "Pentru reprofesionalizarea României e nevoie de proiecte solide" [Don dawo da Kwarewar Romania na Bukatar Kyawawan Ayyuka], EurActiv, 12 Oktoba 2006, [http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articlereprotesion/8a -Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054051/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html |date=2012-03-06 }} . [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gi1xqpeupy49wh4is6d9f1fvzwdkfif 0 31209 839559 677412 2026-05-24T03:08:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839559 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:UN Fight for Freedom Leslie Ragan 1943 poster.jpg|thumb|Hadinkai domin samu adalci]] {{databox}} '''Samun adalci''' wata ƙa'ida ce ta asali a cikin doka wacce ke bayyana yadda '[['Yan kasuwan shakka|yan ƙasa]] ke samun daidaitaccen damar yin amfani da tsarin doka a cikin mahallinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rashid |first=Norul Mohamed |title=Access to Justice |url=https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/thematic-areas/access-to-justice-and-rule-of-law-institutions/access-to-justice/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=United Nations and the Rule of Law |language=en-US}}</ref> Yawancin mahallin suna da yunƙuri da shirye-shirye an tsara su don samar da sabis na doka ga al'ummomin da ƙila in ba haka ba suna da wahalar samun shawarar doka da wakilci. Idan ba tare da samun adalci ba, mutane ba za su iya yin cikakken amfani da haƙƙinsu ba, ƙalubalantar wariya, ko ɗaukar masu yanke shawara kan ayyukansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Access to Justice |url=https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/thematic-areas/access-to-justice-and-rule-of-law-institutions/access-to-justice/ |website=United Nations and the Rule of Law |publisher=United Nations |access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> Yadda al'ummomi ke taimakawa ƴan kasarsu wajen samun adalci ya sha banban da kasa. Ana iya ƙara samun damar yin adalci ta hanyar samun kuɗi da kyau da ƙungiyoyin taimakon doka waɗanda ke ba da sabis na shari'a kyauta ga matalauta,<ref>{{cite web |title=Resource Center for Access to Justice Initiatives |url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_aid_indigent_defendants/resource_center_for_access_to_justice/ |website=American Bar Association |access-date=12 May 2019}}</ref> da kuma ta hanyar shirye-shiryen pro bono ta hanyar da lauyoyin sa kai ke ba da sabis da wakilci a cikin kotu,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pro Bono and Volunteer Programs |url=https://www.ncsc.org/microsites/access-to-justice/home/Topics/Pro-Bono-and-Volunteer-Programs.aspx |website=Center on Court Access to Justice for All |publisher=National Center for State Courts |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512014054/https://www.ncsc.org/microsites/access-to-justice/home/Topics/Pro-Bono-and-Volunteer-Programs.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> ko ta wasu shirye-shiryen da aka tsara. don taimaka wa mutane su sami magunguna ta hanyar kotu ko wasu cibiyoyin shari'a.<ref>{{cite web |title=Necessary Condition: Access to Justice |url=https://www.usip.org/guiding-principles-stabilization-and-reconstruction-the-web-version/rule-law/access-justice |website=United States: Institute of Peace |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405222628/https://www.usip.org/guiding-principles-stabilization-and-reconstruction-the-web-version/rule-law/access-justice |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen ƙasa da kasa == === Samun Kyautar Harkar Shari'a ===   An kafa ƙungiyar Free Access to Law Movement (FALM) a cikin 1992, tare da burin samar da damar yanar gizo kyauta ga ainihin bayanan doka da albarkatu. A cikin 2002, FALM ta karɓi Sanarwa kan Samun Doka Kyauta. Manufar motsi shine tabbatar da cewa bayanan doka suna samuwa ga kowa da kowa. Sanarwar ta ayyana bayanan shari'a na jama'a a matsayin gadon gama gari na ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oceanfdn.org/ha/bambance-bambancen-%C3%A3dalci-hada-da-damar-samun-adalci/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-23 |archive-date=2025-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251028104522/https://oceanfdn.org/ha/bambance-bambancen-%C3%A3dalci-hada-da-damar-samun-adalci/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin memba na FALM, da farko ta hanyar Intanet, sun tsunduma cikin yada bayanan shari'a na farko da na sakandare. Misalai na farko sun haɗa da Cibiyar Ba da Bayanin Shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Cornell da Cibiyar Ba da Bayanin Shari'a ta [[Austriya|Australasia]], aikin haɗin gwiwa na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Sydney da Jami'ar New South Wales<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oceanfdn.org/ha/bambance-bambancen-%C3%A3dalci-hada-da-damar-samun-adalci/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-23 |archive-date=2025-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251028104522/https://oceanfdn.org/ha/bambance-bambancen-%C3%A3dalci-hada-da-damar-samun-adalci/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ƙarshen ya haɗa da farkon fara amfani da fasahar rubutu don wakiltar dokoki azaman hanyar sadarwar nodes, kowanne yana wakiltar sashe. <ref name="nyulawglobal.org">[http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Legal_Information_Institutes.htm Legal_Information_Institutes.htm]</ref><ref name="austlii.edu.au">{{cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/austlii/articles/libs_paper.html|title=AustLII - Publications: AustLII - Libs Paper|work=austlii.edu.au|access-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> A cikin 2013, Makarantar Shari'a ta Cornell ta kafa ''Journal of Open Access to Law'', don inganta bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa kan batun buɗe damar yin amfani da doka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ojs.law.cornell.edu/index.php/joal|title=Journal of Open Access to Law|work=cornell.edu|access-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> == Ƙaddamarwa ta ƙasa == === Myanmar === MyJustice wata ƙungiyar [[Tarayyar Turai]] ce da Tarayyar Turai ke ba da tallafin samun damar samun Adalci da nufin wadata al'ummar [[Myanmar]] da ilimi, kwarin gwiwa da damar magance rikice-rikice cikin adalci, adalci da adalci.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://myjusticemyanmar.org/about|title=About {{!}} MyJustice Myanmar|website=myjusticemyanmar.org|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=2021-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129190757/https://www.myjusticemyanmar.org/about|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2015 sun kafa "cibiyoyin shari'a" da dama a fadin Myanmar don inganta damar yin adalci ta hanyar ba da shawarwarin shari'a kyauta ga masu ƙaramin ƙarfi da masu zaman kansu, da kuma shiga cikin ayyukan da suka shafi gabatar da taimakon shari'a da horar da doka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/union-legal-aid-board-provide-help-poor-people-pilot-project.html|title=Union Legal Aid Board to provide help for poor people in pilot project|date=2018-05-07|website=The Myanmar Times|access-date=2020-04-17|archive-date=2021-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129192658/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/union-legal-aid-board-provide-help-poor-people-pilot-project.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Pakistan === '''Samun damar Adalci Initiatives (AJI)''' wani gungu ne na ayyukan da Sarhad Rural Support Programme (SRSP) ke aiwatarwa a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [[Pakistan]], da nufin haɓaka wayar da kan doka da ƙarfafa ƴan ƙasa a matakin tushe ta hanyar ba su damar yin amfani da su don gudanar da ayyukan. [[Haƙƙoƙi|hakkokinsu]] da kuma neman maganin matsalolinsu na shari'a.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://epaper.dawn.com/print-textview.php?StoryImage=26_07_2016_152_006|title=Call to enhance role of paralegals for protection of human rights|last=Kundi|first=Asma|date=26 July 2016|newspaper=DAWN|access-date=16 April 2022|archive-date=30 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030000500/http://epaper.dawn.com/print-textview.php?StoryImage=26_07_2016_152_006|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/default/files/glei-description-092712.pdf|title=Global Legal Empowerment Initiative|date=2014|publisher=Open Society Justice Initiative}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/174699-Training-in-basic-laws-alternative-dispute-resolution-concludes|title=Training in basic laws & alternative dispute resolution concludes|date=27 December 2016|publisher=The News International}}</ref> ==== Ƙaddamarwa ==== Samun damar Ƙaddamar da Adalci ya ƙunshi ayyuka masu zuwa:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srsp.org.pk/srsp-main/index.php/our-projects/access-to-justice-initiative|title=Access to Justice Initiatives|date=2016|publisher=Sarhad Rural Support Programme|access-date=2022-04-16|archive-date=2017-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819124228/http://srsp.org.pk/srsp-main/index.php/our-projects/access-to-justice-initiative|url-status=dead}}</ref> # Ƙarfafa Doka # Aitebaar Madadin Rikicin Rigima # Aitebaar Fadakarwa # Ƙarfafa Doka a Malakand # Maganganun Rikici Tsakanin Al'umma ==== Siffofin ==== Alamar gamayya ta ayyukan ita ce, dukkansu suna da manufar ƙarfafa ƙwarin gwiwar al'ummomin da ba su da galihu don kare [[Haƙƙoƙin Asali da haƙƙin shari'a|haƙƙinsu]] da shiga da kuma ɗaukar nauyin hukumomin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sarhad Rural Support Programme Annual Review 2014-2015|publisher=M.R Printers, Islamabad|year=2015|location=Islamabad|pages=16}}</ref> A cikin al'ummomi masu matsayi na gargajiya, ƙungiyoyin jama'a suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen haɓaka damar yin amfani da sabis ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu rauni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wanainstitute.org/sites/default/files/files/Conference%20program%20-%20FINAL%20VERSION%20FOR%20PRINT.pdf|title=Legal Empowerment: A platform for resilence, innovation and growth.|date=12 June 2014|publisher=WANA Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/openglobalrights/lotta-teale/how-to-pay-for-legal-empowerment-alternative-structures-and-sources|title=How to pay for legal empowerment: alternative structures and sources|last=Teale|first=Lotta|date=2016-12-01|website=Open Democracy|access-date=2022-04-16|archive-date=2017-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224212200/https://www.opendemocracy.net/openglobalrights/lotta-teale/how-to-pay-for-legal-empowerment-alternative-structures-and-sources|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ayyukan na neman magance batutuwan da ke da rauni a tsakanin hanyoyin adalci da kuma rashin ingantaccen goyon bayan doka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/542254/conference-practical-steps-to-protect-legal-rights-of-rural-communities/|title=Conference: Practical steps to protect legal rights of rural communities.|date=2013-04-30|newspaper=The Express Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1134253/newspaper/column|title=Initiative to strengthen alternative dispute resolution system|date=25 September 2014|newspaper=DAWN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/marc-andr%C3%A9-franche-country-director-undp-pakistan-visited-swat|title=Marc-André Franche, Country Director, UNDP in Pakistan visited Swat|date=2013-07-08|newspaper=Relief Web|language=en}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin ayyukan sun fi mayar da hankali ne kan cibiyoyin shari'a na yau da kullun ta yadda za a iya amfani da wasu hanyoyin warware takaddama don warware takaddama a matakin al'umma, tare da taimakawa wajen samar da dandalin tattaunawa tsakanin hanyoyin yau da kullun da na yau da kullun. An horar da mambobin al’ummomin a matsayin ƴan sanda don cike gibin da ke tsakanin masu rauni a cikin al’umma da cibiyoyin gwamnati. A yankuna masu nisa da kuma baya na [[Pakistan]] jama'a gaba daya ba sa son amincewa da [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sanda]] ko [[Lauya|lauyoyi]] amma suna nuna babban sha'awar amincewa da manyan al'ummominsu, wadanda sukan warware taƙaddama ta hanyar tsarin Jirga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1273271/call-to-enhance-role-of-paralegals-for-protection-of-human-rights|title=Call to enhance role of paralegals for protection of human rights|last=Kundi|first=Asma|date=2016-07-26|newspaper=DAWN}}</ref> Ana sanar da 'yan sanda da masu shiga tsakani game [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|da haƙƙin ɗan adam]], tsarin shari'a da iyakokin ikonsu wajen magance rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailytimes.com.pk/khyber-pakhtunkhwa/24-Dec-16/srl-arranges-workshop-for-capacity-building-of-drcs-representatives|title=SRL arranges workshop for capacity building of DRCs representatives|date=24 December 2016|publisher=Daily Times}}</ref> Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ba a rasa haƙƙin mahalarta ba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1303978/drcs-members-briefed-about-legal-system|title=DRCs’ members briefed about legal system|date=2016-12-23|newspaper=DAWN}}</ref> Ana bukatar Majalisar sasanta rikicin (DRC) da aka kafa ta wannan fanni da su yi aiki tare da ‘yan sandan yankin don tabbatar da gaskiya da inganci.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1304211/dir-nazim-assures-drcs-of-his-support|title=Dir nazim assures DRCs of his support|date=2016-12-24|newspaper=DAWN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nation.com.pk/national/28-Dec-2016/role-of-drcs-highlighted|title=Role of DRCs highlighted|date=28 December 2016|newspaper=The Nation|language=en-US}}</ref> An horar da mata da yawa a matsayin masu shiga tsakani da kuma ’yan sanda don ganin shirin ya kasance mai karbuwa ga [[Mace|mata]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1304684/training-for-drc-members-concludes|title=Training for DRC members concludes|date=27 December 2016|newspaper=DAWN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1305639/work-of-shangla-drcs-reviewed|title=Work of Shangla DRCs reviewed|date=1 January 2016|newspaper=DAWN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1305317/role-of-drcs-in-peoples-access-to-justice-highlighted|title=Role of DRCs in people’s access to justice highlighted|date=30 December 2016|newspaper=DAWN}}</ref> Ana ba da [[Taimakon Shari'a|taimakon shari'a]] ga mutanen da ba za a iya magance matsalolinsu ta hanyar shawarwari, sulhu, sulhu ko wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/771086/step-aside-men-women-mediators-trained-in-alternative-dispute-resolution/|title=Step aside men: Women mediators trained in alternative dispute resolution.|date=2014-10-04|newspaper=The Express Tribune|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pakobserver.net/dispute-resolution-council-training-workshop-ends/|title=Dispute Resolution Council training workshop ends|date=31 December 2016|newspaper=Pakistan Observer|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102171936/http://pakobserver.net/dispute-resolution-council-training-workshop-ends/|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sau da yawa, shari'ar da ta cancanci taimakon shari'a ta ƙunshi batutuwan auren yara, auren dole, zaluncin aure, riƙon yara, hana gado, wariya da dai sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/how-access-justice-helping-women-northern-pakistan|title=Starting a New Story: How Access to Justice Is Untangling Women's Lives in Northern Pakistan|date=28 May 2014|website=Open Society Foundations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/delivering-access-justice-mountains-pakistan|title=Linking Justice to Development in Northern Pakistan|date=9 June 2014|website=Open Society Foundations}}</ref> === Amurka === Domin tsarin gargajiya na sabis na isarwa ya buƙaci duk aikin doka da a yi ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba wadatar ayyukan doka gabaɗaya ba ta da ƙarfi.<ref name="DeliveryReport">{{cite web|url=http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/delivery/deltech.html|title=Standing Committee on the Delivery of Legal Services - Standing Committee / Delivery of Legal Services|work=abanet.org|access-date=26 December 2016|archive-date=14 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214004408/http://www.abanet.org/legalservices/delivery/deltech.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Iyalan da ba su cancanci [[Taimakon Shari'a|taimakon shari'a]] ba amma ba za su iya samun sauƙin biyan sabis na shari'a ba suna cikin rashin kulawa sosai ta tsarin gargajiya. Wani rahoto da Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Ƙungiyar Lauyoyin Amurka ya yi game da Ba da Sabis na Shari'a ya gano cewa "a cikin gidaje masu matsakaicin matsakaici, kashi 39% sun yi amfani da tsarin shari'a don ƙoƙarin warware matsalolinsu na shari'a, 23% sun yi ƙoƙarin warwarewa ba tare da taimakon shari'a ba, kuma 26% sun dauka. babu wani aiki." ==== Hanyoyin fasaha ==== Lauyoyi, masu zane-zane, da masana kimiyyar kwamfuta sun yi la'akari da hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da fasaha don inganta damar da ba lauyoyi ba don samun adalci. <ref>See CodeX Techindex. Stanford Law School, n.d. Web. 16 June 2017. <https://techindex.law.stanford.edu/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331081439/https://techindex.law.stanford.edu/ |date=2022-03-31 }}>.</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Illinois (IIT's) Cibiyar Zane-zane da Kwalejin Shari'a ta Chicago-Kent sun haɗu a kan sake fasalin shekaru da yawa na ƙwarewar kotuna masu wakiltar kansu. Rahoton su na 2002 ya rubuta bincikensu na tsarin taimako na yanzu, ƙirƙirar sabuwar ƙa'idar ƙira, da shirin sabon ƙirar tsarin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kentlaw.iit.edu/Documents/Institutes%20and%20Centers/CAJT/access-to-justice-meeting-the-needs.pdf |title=Charles L. Owen, Edward B. Pedwell, and Ronald W. Staudt, "Access to Justice: Meeting the Needs of Self-Represented Litigants", 2002 |access-date=2019-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232805/http://www.kentlaw.iit.edu/Documents/Institutes%20and%20Centers/CAJT/access-to-justice-meeting-the-needs.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rahoton ya kuma gabatar da wasu tsare-tsare na ra'ayi, yana sake yin tunanin yadda tsarin kotun zai yi aiki kuma mutane za su iya shiga. Wasu daga cikin shawarwarinsu sun haɗa da: * "CourtNet", cibiyar sadarwa a cikin ginin kotun, don haɗa haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan shari'a da jama'a; * "Interactive Translator", kayan aikin software wanda za'a iya amfani da shi wajen yin hira da musanyar kotu, mai iya fassara hanyoyin sadarwa na magana da rubutu zuwa harsuna daban-daban; * "Archetypes", wani dandalin bincike wanda ke ƙera matsalolin shari'a na masu amfani, yana rarraba su, kuma yana ba da sabis na neman aiki; * "Pursuit Evaluator", kayan aiki na kan layi don ba da damar masu yuwuwar masu kara su tantance ko bin shari'ar zai cancanci lokacinsu, kuɗi, da ƙoƙarinsu. * "Formulator Formulator", na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa don barin masu shigar da kara su cire bayanai daga halin da suke ciki da kuma tattara su cikin takardun shari'a daban-daban; * "Mai ba da labari", software da ke amfani da samfurin shari'o'in don taimakawa masu ƙararrakin su tsara nasu fom kuma suna koya musu yadda ake rubutawa daidai; kuma * "Case Tracker", ma'auni mai ma'amala da bincike na tarihin shari'a, wanda ke ba da fayyace tsarin lokaci da kuma nuni ga ayyukan da suka gabata.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/node/6853|title=Technology and Access to Justice - Berkman Klein Center|work=harvard.edu|access-date=26 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205134041/http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/node/6853|archive-date=5 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Cibiyar Berkman a Harvard Law School tana aiki tare da alkali Dina Fein a Massachusetts don tsara hanyar samun damar yin adalci a cikin jihar don masu gabatar da kara, masu ƙaramin ƙarfi, masu kara da ba su iya Turanci, da masu naƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://law.stanford.edu/codex-the-stanford-center-for-legal-informatics/|title=CodeX {{!}} Stanford Law School|last=School|first=Stanford Law|website=Stanford Law School|access-date=May 31, 2016}}</ref> Codex, Cibiyar Stanford don Asusun Lafiya na Lafiya, da dokar bakuncin dokokin shari'a don samun damar masu bincike, 'yan kasuwa,' yan kasuwa da fasaha-da fasaha -gefe don ciyar da iyakokin fasahar doka. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t9083ktcve1sz6esxqxckgx0xw04dtl 0 35016 839408 695829 2026-05-23T16:47:45Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Edam Damplein N mit Edams Museum nw 9137 201810.jpg|thumb|'''Edam Damplein N mit Edams Museum nw 9137 201810.jpg''']] '''Edam''' ( Yawan jama'a 2016: 480 ) ƙauye ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin gundumar Karkara na Kogin Turtle No. 469 da Rukunin Ƙididdiga Na 17 . Edam yana kusa da Babbar Hanya 26, kudu da Turtleford da arewacin Vawn. An san ƙauyen da sunan "Ƙananan yanki na Holland a cikin Saskatchewan." An kafa garin a cikin 1907, an sanya sunan garin don birnin Edam a cikin Netherlands, bayan da Ofishin Gwamnatin Saskatchewan ya ƙi sunan [[Amsterdam]] a matsayin "dadewa". <ref>[http://villageofedam.ca/about_us.html The Village of Edam website]</ref> == Tarihi == An haɗa Edam azaman ƙauye a ranar 12 ga [[Oktoba]], shekara ta 1911. == Alkaluma ==   A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekara ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Edam yana da yawan jama'a 476 da ke zaune a cikin 199 daga cikin 234 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. -1.9% daga yawan 2016 na 485 . Tare da yankin ƙasa na {{Convert|1.14|km2|sqmi}} , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 417.5/km a cikin 2021. A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a na 2016, ƙauyen Edam ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 480 da ke zaune a cikin 179 daga cikin 210 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, a 7.5% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 444 . Tare da yanki na ƙasa na {{Convert|1.19|km2|sqmi}} , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 403.4/km a cikin 2016. == Fitattun mutane == * Fiona Smith-Bell, 'yar wasan hockey wadda ta taka leda a ƙungiyar hockey ta mata ta Kanada. * Wayne Wouters, tsohon magatakarda na majalisar masu zaman kansu (mafi babban ma'aikacin gwamnati ) a cikin Gwamnatin Kanada . == Sufuri == * Hanyar Saskatchewan 674 * Paynton Ferry * Edam Airport == Duba kuma == * Jerin al'ummomi a cikin Saskatchewan * Jerin ƙauyuka a cikin Saskatchewan == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://villageofedam.ca/}} l5mwf93ks4bnd3ymecksg9wf0gca5gs 0 35875 839383 724672 2026-05-23T16:01:13Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ m 839383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Alborns Coalmine Walk MRD 15.jpg|thumb|gu Mai kyau]] [[Fayil:Alborns Coalmine Walk MRD 11.jpg|thumb|Wurin haka alborns]] '''Alborn Township''' birni ne, da ke cikin gundumar Saint Louis, [[Minnesota]], Amurka. A ƙidayar 2010, yawan jama'a ya kai 460. Ƙungiyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba na Alborn da Prosit duk suna cikin Alborn Township. Al'ummar Alborn tana nisan mil 29 arewa maso yamma da garin Duluth a mahadar titin Saint Louis County Highway 7 (CR 7) da County Highway 47 (CR 47). == Geography == Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na {{Convert|35.2|sqmi}} {{Convert|34.5|sqmi}} ƙasa ce kuma {{Convert|0.7|sqmi}} , ko 1.96%, ruwa ne. Kogin Artichoke yana ratsa cikin garin. === Garuruwan maƙwabta === Wadannan suna kusa da Alborn Township : * Sabuwar Garin Independence (gabas) * Garin Ness (yamma) * Garin Masana'antu (kudu maso gabas) * Garin Culver (kudu) * Garin Arrowhead (kudu maso yamma) * Garin Meadowlands (arewa da arewa maso yamma) * Garin Arewa (arewa maso gabas) === Al'ummomin da ba su da haɗin kai === * Alborn * Riba == Alkaluma == A ƙidayar 2000 akwai mutane 399, gidaje 153, da iyalai 115 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 11.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (4.5/km {{Sup|2}} ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 260 a matsakaicin yawa na 7.5/sq&nbsp;mi (2.9/km {{Sup|2}} ). Tsarin launin fata na garin shine 90.23% Fari, 5.51% Ba'amurke, 0.25% [[Asiya]], 0.50% Pacific Islander, da 3.51% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane jinsi sun kasance 0.50%. Daga cikin gidaje 153 kashi 30.1% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 66.7% [[Aure|ma’aurata ne da]] ke zaune tare, kashi 6.5% na da mace mai gida da babu mijin aure, kashi 24.2% kuma ba iyali ba ne. 20.3% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 8.5% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.61 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.00. Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 24.3% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 10.3% daga 18 zuwa 24, 25.6% daga 25 zuwa 44, 27.1% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 12.8% 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 41. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 108.9. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 101.3. Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gida shine $42,500 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $51,458. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $31,827 sabanin $27,292 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $18,953. Kusan 1.8% na iyalai da 5.3% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 2.6% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 6.7% na waɗanda shekarun su 65 ko sama da haka. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{St. Louis County, Minnesota}}{{Authority control}} d4yevl1qcner7tzrrhhxorxquar7orc 839384 839383 2026-05-23T16:01:28Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ m 839384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Alborns Coalmine Walk MRD 15.jpg|thumb|gu Mai kyau]] [[Fayil:Alborns Coalmine Walk MRD 11.jpg|thumb|Wurin haka alborns]] '''Alborn Township''' birni ne, da ke cikin gundumar Saint Louis, [[Minnesota]], Amurka. A ƙidayar 2010, yawan jama'a ya kai 460. Ƙungiyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba na Alborn da Prosit duk suna cikin Alborn Township. Al'ummar Alborn tana nisan mil 29 arewa maso yamma da garin Duluth a mahadar titin Saint Louis County Highway 7 (CR 7) da County Highway 47 (CR 47). == Geography == Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da yawan yanki na {{Convert|35.2|sqmi}} {{Convert|34.5|sqmi}} ƙasa ce kuma {{Convert|0.7|sqmi}} , ko 1.96%, ruwa ne. Kogin Artichoke yana ratsa cikin garin. === Garuruwan maƙwabta === Wadannan suna kusa da Alborn Township : * Sabuwar Garin Independence (gabas) * Garin Ness (yamma) * Garin Masana'antu (kudu maso gabas) * Garin Culver (kudu) * Garin Arrowhead (kudu maso yamma) * Garin Meadowlands (arewa da arewa maso yamma) * Garin Arewa (arewa maso gabas) === Al'ummomin da ba su da haɗin kai === * Alborn * Riba == Alkaluma == A ƙidayar 2000 akwai mutane 399, gidaje 153, da iyalai 115 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 11.6 a kowace murabba'in mil (4.5/km {{Sup|2}} ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 260 a matsakaicin yawa na 7.5/sq&nbsp;mi (2.9/km {{Sup|2}} ). Tsarin launin fata na garin shine 90.23% Fari, 5.51% Ba'amurke, 0.25% [[Asiya]], 0.50% Pacific Islander, da 3.51% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane jinsi sun kasance 0.50%. Daga cikin gidaje 153 kashi 30.1% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 66.7% [[Aure|ma’aurata ne da]] ke zaune tare, kashi 6.5% na da mace mai gida da babu mijin aure, kashi 24.2% kuma ba iyali ba ne. 20.3% na gidaje mutum ɗaya ne kuma 8.5% mutum ɗaya ne mai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gidan ya kasance 2.61 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.00. Rarraba shekarun ya kasance 24.3% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 10.3% daga 18 zuwa 24, 25.6% daga 25 zuwa 44, 27.1% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 12.8% 65 ko fiye. Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 41. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 108.9. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 101.3. Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga gida shine $42,500 kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga iyali shine $51,458. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $31,827 sabanin $27,292 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $18,953. Kusan 1.8% na iyalai da 5.3% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 2.6% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 6.7% na waɗanda shekarun su 65 ko sama da haka. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} blb4hmqflk4b6qurv8kb068svjjvdvm 0 35915 839376 416291 2026-05-23T15:52:49Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Taswira */ m 839376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|thumb|tutar Albaniya]] [[File:Vista de Petrela, Albania, 2014-04-17, DD 03.JPG|thumb]] [[File:Aerial view of Somapura Mahavihara.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Lake Shkopeti, Albania.jpg|thumb]] '''Garin Albany''' birni ne, da ke a cikin gundumar Stearns, [[Minnesota]],kasar Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 980 a ƙidayar shekarar 2010. Garin Albany yana kewaye da garin. An shirya Garin Albany a cikin shekarar 1868. == Taswira== Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta kasar Amurka, garin (T125N R31W) yana da yawan yanki na {{Convert|94.9|km2}} {{Convert|94.3|km2}} ƙasa ce kuma {{Convert|0.7|km2}} , ko 0.71%, ruwa ne. Garin Albany yana cikin Township 125 Arewa na Layin Base na Arkansas da Range 31 Yamma na 5th Principal Meridian. [[File:Narta lagoon, southern Albania 2.jpg|thumb]] == Alkaluma == Dangane da ƙidayar ta shekarar 2000, akwai mutane 884, gidaje 281, da iyalai 245 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 23.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (9.2/km {{Sup|2}} ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 289 a matsakaicin yawa na 7.8/sq&nbsp;mi (3.0/km {{Sup|2}} ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.64% Fari, 0.11% Ba'amurke, 0.23% Asiya, 0.45% daga sauran jinsi, da 0.57% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.23% na yawan jama'a. Akwai gidaje 281, daga cikinsu kashi 47.7% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 79.7% [[Aure|ma’aurata ne da]] ke zaune tare, kashi 3.2% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 12.5% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 10.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 2.8% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 3.13 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.39. A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya karu, tare da 32.0% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 7.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 26.1% daga 25 zuwa 44, 24.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 9.6% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 35. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 109.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 113.1. Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $47,656, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $52,750. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $32,917 sabanin $22,396 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $16,572. Kusan 5.1% na iyalai da 6.8% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 5.8% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 7.7% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da su. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Stearns County, Minnesota}}{{Authority control}} 68au23gtkkcdfk1zys0iia2cix8sscv 839377 839376 2026-05-23T15:53:14Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|thumb|tutar Albaniya]] [[File:Vista de Petrela, Albania, 2014-04-17, DD 03.JPG|thumb]] [[File:Aerial view of Somapura Mahavihara.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Lake Shkopeti, Albania.jpg|thumb]] '''Garin Albany''' birni ne, da ke a cikin gundumar Stearns, [[Minnesota]],kasar Amurka. Yawan jama'a ya kai 980 a ƙidayar shekarar 2010. Garin Albany yana kewaye da garin. An shirya Garin Albany a cikin shekarar 1868. == Taswira== Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta kasar Amurka, garin (T125N R31W) yana da yawan yanki na {{Convert|94.9|km2}} {{Convert|94.3|km2}} ƙasa ce kuma {{Convert|0.7|km2}} , ko 0.71%, ruwa ne. Garin Albany yana cikin Township 125 Arewa na Layin Base na Arkansas da Range 31 Yamma na 5th Principal Meridian. [[File:Narta lagoon, southern Albania 2.jpg|thumb]] == Alkaluma == Dangane da ƙidayar ta shekarar 2000, akwai mutane 884, gidaje 281, da iyalai 245 da ke zaune a cikin garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 23.8 a kowace murabba'in mil (9.2/km {{Sup|2}} ). Akwai rukunin gidaje 289 a matsakaicin yawa na 7.8/sq&nbsp;mi (3.0/km {{Sup|2}} ). Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 98.64% Fari, 0.11% Ba'amurke, 0.23% Asiya, 0.45% daga sauran jinsi, da 0.57% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.23% na yawan jama'a. Akwai gidaje 281, daga cikinsu kashi 47.7% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 79.7% [[Aure|ma’aurata ne da]] ke zaune tare, kashi 3.2% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 12.5% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 10.7% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 2.8% suna da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 3.13 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.39. A cikin garin yawan jama'a ya karu, tare da 32.0% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 7.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 26.1% daga 25 zuwa 44, 24.4% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 9.6% waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. . Tsakanin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 35. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 109.0. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama, akwai maza 113.1. Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na gida a cikin garin shine $47,656, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na dangi shine $52,750. Maza suna da matsakaicin kudin shiga na $32,917 sabanin $22,396 na mata. Kudin shiga kowane mutum na garin shine $16,572. Kusan 5.1% na iyalai da 6.8% na yawan jama'a sun kasance ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da 5.8% na waɗanda ke ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 7.7% na waɗanda shekaru 65 ko sama da su. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 6aedpp9id5khjx4yususa7d2zh2g0f6 0 36696 839522 328129 2026-05-23T22:12:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ciromawa''' garine dake [[jihar Kano]] a karamar hukumar [[Garun Malam]]. Garin na ɗaya daga cikin mazaɓun da suke a jihar Kano. Haka zalika yana Kan hanyar tafiya [[Zariya]] daga Kano.<ref>https://ng.geoview.info/ciromawa,2345914</ref> <ref>https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2345914-place-ciromawa.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} s4pk5bnr2noao3xz0f8g36j196a6egu 0 42462 839620 467329 2026-05-24T09:31:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Menad,_djamel_1986.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Menad Djamel, 1986]] '''Djamel Menad''' ( {{Lang-ar|جمال مناد}} ; An haife shi 22 ga watan Yulin 1960), [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar Algeria mai ritaya, wanda ya taka leda a matsayin gaba kuma wanda ke kula da USM El Harrach .babban dan wasane awancan) lokaci == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a El Bayadh, Menad ya fara taka leda tare da CR Belouizdad, kafin ya koma JS Kabylie . A cikin shekarar 1987, ya sanya hannu tare da Nîmes Olympique na Faransa, yana fafatawa a cikin yanayi uku na Ligue 2 kuma ya bayyana a kusan wasannin hukuma 100. A cikin shekarar 1989-1990, ya zira kwallaye mafi kyawun aiki - a Turai - kwallaye 12 a wasanni 27, amma tawagarsa ta kasa samun ci gaba bayan kammala a matsayi na uku. Menad ya ciyar da wadannan yanayi uku a Portugal, yana bayyana ga FC Famalicão (shekaru biyu) da CF Os Belenenses, ko da yaushe a cikin babban rabo . Daga baya, yana da shekaru 33, ya koma kasarsa kuma ya yi ritaya bayan shekaru hudu, bayan ya yi aiki tare da tsohon kulob din Kabylie (inda ya lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka a shekarar 1995) da USM Alger . A cikin shekarar 2005, Menad ya fara horarwa, yana jagorantar ƙungiyarsa ta ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasa. <ref>[https://www.footballdatabase.eu/fr/joueur/details/47499-djamel-menad Footballdatabase]</ref> A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2011, an kore shi daga mukaminsa a JSM Bejaia .<ref>[http://www.dzfoot.com/news-9087/l1-jsm-bejaia-djamel-menad-quitte-son-poste/ L1: JSM Béjaïa, Djamel Menad quitte son poste (L1: JSM Béjaïa, Djamel Menad leaves post)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522073147/http://www.dzfoot.com/news-9087/l1-jsm-bejaia-djamel-menad-quitte-son-poste/ |date=22 May 2011 }}; DZ Foot, 14 May 2011 {{in lang|fr}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Menad ya buga wa [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Aljeriya|Algeria]] wasa na farko cikin wasanni 81 a shekarar 1982. A baya can, a cikin shekarar 1980, ya buga wasan kwallon kafa na Olympics a Moscow, yana taimaka wa tawagar kasar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe . An zaɓi Menad a cikin tawagar don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta shekarar 1986 . A can, ya bayyana a cikin rukuni na asarar hasara da Brazil da Spain . <ref>{{FIFA player|54072}}</ref> A shekara ta shekarar 1990, ya taimaka wa masu masaukin baki lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka, inda ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye hudu. Menad ya zo na uku a matsayin gwarzon dan kwallon Afrika a shekarar 1986. == Sirrin kara kuzari == A watan Nuwambar 2011 Menad, wanda ke da 'yar nakasa, da sauran abokan wasansa na gasar cin kofin duniya sun yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan ko nakasar 'ya'yansu na da wata hanya ta magani da kocin Soviet na Algeria Evgeni Rogov ya umarce su. <ref>[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/26831/Sports/Africa/Algerian-players-seek-probe-into-disabled-children.aspx Algerian players seek probe into disabled children] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119063933/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/26831/Sports/Africa/Algerian-players-seek-probe-into-disabled-children.aspx |date=2011-11-19 }} – Ahram Online</ref> == Aikin gudanarwa == An nada Menad mai kula da USM El Harrach a watan Oktoba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dzfoot.com/2020/10/14/ligue-1-menad-nouveau-coach-de-lusmh-190059.php|title=Ligue 2 : Menad nouveau coach de l'USMH|access-date=2023-03-02|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307021709/http://www.dzfoot.com/2020/10/14/ligue-1-menad-nouveau-coach-de-lusmh-190059.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Girmamawa == '''CR Belouizdad''' * Kofin Aljeriya : 1977–1978 '''JS Kabylie''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka : 1994–95 * Kungiyar Aljeriya : 1981–82, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1994–95 * Kofin Aljeriya: 1985–86 '''Aljeriya''' * Gasar cin kofin Afrika : 1990 '''Mutum''' * Wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar cin kofin Afrika : 1990 * Tawagar gasar cin kofin Afrika : 1984, 1990 == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Djamel Menad at ForaDeJogo (archived) * {{NFT player|20391}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Aljeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1960]] gkwuw915m99edmqa3ie350jt4dwdpum 0 42478 839590 303284 2026-05-24T07:05:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|Democratic and Social Convention}} '''Democratic and Social Convention - Rahama''' ( {{Lang-fr|Convention démocratique et sociale-Rahama}} , CDS-Rahama) jam'iyyar siyasa ce a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] . == Tarihi == An kafa ta a cikin watan Janairu 1991. A zaɓen 'yan majalisu na watan Fabrairun 1993 jam'iyyar ta lashe kujeru 22 daga cikin 83 na Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa, inda ta zo na biyu a matsayin National Movement for the Development of Society (MNDS). A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da ya biyo baya, an zaɓi shugaban CDS-Rahama [[Mahamane Ousmane]] a matsayin shugaban ƙasa, inda ya doke [[Mamadou Tandja]] na MNSD. A shekarar 1995 Ousmane ya kira zaɓen 'yan majalisa da wuri, wanda ya ga ya sami kujeru biyu, amma ya kasance babban jam'iyya ta biyu bayan MNSD. A watan Janairun 1996 aka yi masa juyin mulki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.afrique-express.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2004-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041028015111/http://www.afrique-express.com/archive/OUEST/niger/gvts/nigergvt05012000.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka gudanar a watan Yulin waccan shekarar, Ousmane ya zo na biyu bayan jagoran juyin mulkin [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Baré Mainassara]] . Jam'iyyar ta ƙauracewa zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki a ƙarshen wannan shekarar. Tun daga 1999, CDS ta kasance cikin ƙawance da MNSD, ta zama wani ɓangare na rinjaye na majalisa da shiga cikin gwamnati; Ba ta tsayar da ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a babban zaɓen 1999 ba, amma ta lashe kujeru 17 a majalisar dokokin ƙasar, wanda Ousmane ya zama shugaban ƙasa. A babban zaɓen shekara ta 2004, Ousmane ya kasance ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na CDS a karo na huɗu, inda ya zo na uku da kashi 17.4% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. A zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki, jam'iyyar ta samu kashi 17.4% na yawan ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa kuma ta samu kujeru 22 daga cikin 113. Bayan zaɓen, jam'iyyar MNSD ta dawo da gwamnatin haɗaka da CDS-Rahama, wanda kujeru 22 ya baiwa shugaban ƙasa da firaminista rinjayen kujeru 69 a majalisar dokokin ƙasar, inda aka sake zaɓen Ousmane a matsayin shugaban majalisar dokokin ƙasar.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20040718020211/http://www.assemblee.ne/organes/ldpce.htm</ref><ref>http://archive.ipu.org/press-e/gen179.htm</ref> CDS ta gudanar da taronta na shida a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2007.<ref>http://max1412.powweb.com/htdocs/joomla/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=1338{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Yunin 2009, bayan da shugaban ƙasar Nijar [[Mamadou Tandja]] ya kori majalisar dokokin ƙasar saboda shirinsa na gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar, jam'iyyar CDS ta sanar da janyewarta na ƙarshe da gwamnatin MNSD. Jam'iyyar ta fice daga ƙawance gwamnati tare da janye mambobinta takwas daga majalisar ministocin Nijar.<ref>https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iOK7lIDeJ4oqmVGm3FJ7EdzE6ecw</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa da hukumar ta CDS ta fitar ta buƙaci shugaban ƙasar da ya miƙa wuya ga hukuncin kotun.<ref>https://nigerdiaspora.info/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302073056/https://nigerdiaspora.info/ |date=2023-03-02 }}</ref> Jam’iyyar ta kuma sanar da kafa nata gamayyar jam’iyyar adawa ta MDD tare da wasu ƙananan jam’iyyu kusan biyar da suka haɗa da UDR da PDP. Ƙungiyar dai tana fafatawa ne kai tsaye da babbar jam'iyyar adawa wato Front for Defence of Democracy (FDD) ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar PNDS, kuma ta gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da zaɓen raba gardama guda biyu a birnin Yamai.<ref>http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/114/article_82159.asp</ref><ref>https://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=86&art_id=nw20090625175611378C858514</ref> Jam'iyyar ta ƙauracewa zaɓen 'yan majalisar dokoki na watan Oktoba na 2009. Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a shekarar 2010, ta tsaya takara a babban zaɓen 2011 ; Ousmane ya zo na huɗu a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da kashi 8% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa, yayin da jam'iyyar ta samu kujeru uku kacal a majalisar dokokin ƙasar. A zaɓen 2016 jam'iyyar ta tsayar da [[Abdou Labo]] a matsayin ɗan takararta na shugaban ƙasa; ya zo na bakwai a fage na ‘yan takara goma sha biyar da kashi 2% na ƙuri’un. A zaɓukan majalisar dokokin ƙasar, jam’iyyar ta ci gaba da riƙe kujeru uku. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ms99cp8nxoalokduz47h2keulsl7pw9 0 46492 839551 663824 2026-05-24T02:09:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Prague_International_Marathon_in_2014_(110).JPG|thumb| Dadi Yami lokacin Marathon International Prague a shekarar 2014]] {{Databox}} '''Dadi Yami Gemeda''' (An haife shi a shekara ta 1982) ɗan wasan tseren nesa (Long-distance runner) ne na Habasha wanda ya fafata a tseren marathon. Mafi kyawun sa na tseren nesa shine 2:05:41 hours. An haife shi kuma ya girma a yankunan karkara zuwa arewacin [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]], ba a san ranar haihuwar Dadi ba saboda rashin kyawun tarihin da aka yi ƙiyasin a cikin shekarar 1982. Ya kuma fara aiki da manajan wasannin motsa jiki Jos Hermens kuma ya fara horon tseren marathon tare da ƙungiyarsa. <ref>Butcher, Pat (2012-04-27). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/course-record-assaults-on-tap-in-hamburg Course record assaults on tap in Hamburg]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.</ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a nesa a gasar Marathon ta Eindhoven na shekarar 2011 kuma ya zo a matsayi na tara da sa'o'i 2:11:04. <ref>van Hemert, Wim (2011-10-09). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/kipchumba-sizzles-20548-course-record-in-eind Kipchumba sizzles 2:05:48 course record in Eindhoven]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.</ref> Marathon na Dubai na shekarar 2012 ya gan shi ya yi gagarumin nasara tare da gudu na 2:05:41 hours. A cikin tseren da aka yi cikin sauri, wannan ya isa matsayi na shida kawai, amma duk da haka ya sanya shi a matsayi na ashirin a duniya a waccan shekarar kuma a cikin sama da arba'in a jerin gwanaye. <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/road-running/marathon/outdoor/men/senior/2012 2012 Men's Marathon]. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.</ref> <ref>Butcher, Pat (2012-01-27). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/abshero-stuns-with-20423-debut-mergia-clocks Abshero stuns with 2:04:23 debut, Mergia clocks 2:19:31 in Dubai]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.</ref> A fitan da ya yi na gaba a gasar Marathon na Hamburg ya dan sassauta gudu da gudu na sa'o'i 2:07:01, amma filin ya yi tafiyar hawainiya fiye da gasar Dubai da ta yi kaca-kaca da shi kuma shi ne ya zo na biyu a bayan Shami Abdulahi. <ref>Butcher, Pat (2012-04-29). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/dawit-again-sub-206-as-course-records-tumble Dawit again sub-2:06 as course records tumble in Hamburg]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.</ref> Da ya koma ƙasarsa, ya yi gudu ya lashe [[Abebe Bikila Marathon|gasar Marathon Abebe Bikila]]. <ref>Civai, Franco & Loonstra, Klass (2012-07-11). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_AddisMa.htm Abebe Bikila Marathon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406154002/https://www.arrs.run/HP_AddisMa.htm |date=2023-04-06 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.</ref> Nuna shigarsa kwatsam cikin manyan mukamai, an gayyace shi zuwa Marathon Chicago na shekarar 2012 kuma ya zo na takwas. <ref>[http://results.public.chicagomarathon.com/2012/ 2012 Chicago Marathon results] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415132137/http://results.public.chicagomarathon.com/2012/ |date=2013-04-15 }}. Chicago Marathon. Retrieved on 2013-02-02.</ref> <ref>[http://www.marathonguide.com/news/exclusives/ChicagoMarathon2012/ChicagoMarathon2012MensBios.cfm Chicago Marathon 2012 - Men's Bios]. Marathon Guide. Retrieved on 2013-02-06.</ref> Ya koma Dubai ne a shekara ta 2013 amma bai shiga gasar tseren gaggawa ba, inda ya zo na bakwai da sa’o’i 2:07:55. <ref>Butcher, Pat (2013-01-25). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/debutant-desisa-wins-dubai-marathon-in-20445 Debutant Desisa wins Dubai Marathon in 2:04:45, five men under 2:05]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-02-23.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{World Athletics|268451}}. [[Category:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] kfwc4km0h8wo1qt3oiadm97b3vnmwpa 0 48247 839401 510398 2026-05-23T16:40:30Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Taswiran aljeriya]] [[Fayil:The Tipasa UNESCO World Site Heritage is threatened by climate change (Copernicus).jpg|thumb|Climate change]] [[Fayil:The Tipasa UNESCO World Site Heritage is threatened by climate change (Copernicus).jpg|thumb|hoton yanda ake samun sauyin yanayi]] '''Sauyin yanayi a Aljeriya,''' Yana da matuƙar tasiri ga kasar. [[Aljeriya]] ba ta kasance mai bada gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga sauyin yanayi ba, <ref name=":0al">{{Cite web|title=Heatwaves are on the rise in Algeria due to climate change, says specialist|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/aug/24/algeria-to-experience-more-heat-waves-due-to-climate-change-says-specialist|last=Benzerga|first=Mohamed|date=2015-08-24|website=the Guardian|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906130016/http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/aug/24/algeria-to-experience-more-heat-waves-due-to-climate-change-says-specialist |archive-date=2015-09-06 |access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> amma, kamar [[Canjin yanayi a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka|sauran ƙasashe a yankin MENA]], ana sa ran za ta kasance cikin waɗanda tasirin sauyin yanayi ya fi shafa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sahnoune|first1=F.|last2=Belhamel|first2=M.|last3=Zelmat|first3=M.|last4=Kerbachi|first4=R.|date=2013-01-01|title=Climate Change in Algeria: Vulnerability and Strategy of Mitigation and Adaptation|journal=Energy Procedia|series=TerraGreen 13 International Conference 2013 – Advancements in Renewable Energy and Clean Environment|language=en|volume=36|pages=1286–1294|doi=10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.145|issn=1876-6102|doi-access=free}}</ref> Saboda babban yanki na ƙasar ya riga ya kasance cikin yanayi mai zafi da ƙazamin yanayi, gami da wani yanki na [[Sahara|hamadar sahara]], tuni ana sa ran ƙalubalen zafi da ƙalubalen samar da ruwa za suyi muni. <ref name=":0al" /> Tun a shekarar 2014, masana kimiyya sun danganta tsananin zafi da sauyin yanayi a ƙasar Aljeriya. <ref name=":0al" /> Aljeriya ta kasance ta 46 a cikin ƙasashe a cikin shekarar 2020 na ayyukan canjin yanayi .<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Algeria |url=https://www.climate-change-performance-index.org/country/algeria |date=2019-11-28 |website=Climate Change Performance Index |language=en |access-date=2020-05-17 |archive-date=10 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610165003/https://www.climate-change-performance-index.org/country/algeria |url-status=live }}</ref> == Tushen gas na Greenhouse == [[File:Greenhouse-gas-emissions-by-gas_(6).png|right|thumb|300x300px| Aljeriya na fitar da iskar gas daga 1990-2016]] Algeriya ƙasa ce mai fitar da iskar carbon dioxide: tana samar da tan 4.1 ga kowane mutum kamar na shekarar 2008, ƙasa da matsakaicin duniya a wancan lokacin. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url-status=1286–1294}}</ref> A lokacin kashi 74% na fitar da su ya fito ne daga samar da makamashi . <ref name=":1" /> == Tasiri kan yanayin yanayi == === Zazzabi da canjin yanayi ===   === Albarkatun ruwa === A cewar [[Bankin Duniya|bankin duniya]] Aljeriya ta cancanci a matsayin [[Ƙasa, yanki|ƙasa]] mai karancin ruwa . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url-status=1286–1294}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an riga an yi amfani da ruwan ƙasa fiye da kima. <ref name=":1" /> == Tasiri akan mutane == === Tasirin tattalin arziki === ==== Noma ==== Ƙasar [[noma]] da ruwa sun rigaya suna fuskantar matsin lamba daga ayyukan ɗan Adam, da kwararowar hamada, [[Zaizayar Kasa|zaizayar ƙasa]], da asarar ciyayi. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url-status=1286–1294}}</ref> Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai hanzarta wannan tsari, wanda zai raunana ƙasa da bambancin halittu a filayen noma. <ref name=":1" /> Ana sa ran kowane ɓangare na [[Noma|noman]] ƙasar zai shafa: misali ƙananan kiwo wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama-gari na noma, sai kara tsada yake yi, domin makiyayan na tona rijiyoyi su sayi abinci, maimakon kiwo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Climate Change and Sheepherding in Algeria|url=https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/climate-change-and-sheepherding-algeria|date=2017-10-12|website=Pulitzer Center|language=en|access-date=2020-05-17|archive-date=12 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512230840/https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/climate-change-and-sheepherding-algeria|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ce rx == === Manufofi da dokoki === Yaya akai ne kenan? Dabarun farko da Aljeriya ta ƙirƙira, tun daga shekarar 2013, ta mayar da hankali ne kan fannoni hudu: ƙarfafa cibiyoyi, daidaitawa ga sauyin yanayi, rage fitar da iska na GHG da inganta ƙarfin ɗan Adam. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url-status=1286–1294}}</ref> Aljeriya ta bi sahun gaba wajen amincewa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto kuma ta amince da yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|url-status=1286–1294}}</ref> Koyaya, Fihirisar Ayyukan Canjin Yanayi na shekarar 2020 ya bayyana tsarin manufofinsu da cewa bai isa ya cimma burin 2°C ba. == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> 7qjxmbo1zddhjm97qbnp41c7cvmaud6 0 63703 839565 710708 2026-05-24T04:30:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Daniel Thomas Hylton''' (An haife shi ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1989) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Ataka|ɗan wasan gaba]] a ƙungiyar EFL League One [[Northampton Town FC|ta Northampton Town]]. == Sana'a == === Garin Aldershot === An kuma haife shi a [[London Gundumar Camden|Camden]], Greater London, Hylton ya shiga [[Aldershot Town FC|Aldershot Town]] yana da shekaru 16 a cikin shekarar 2005, lokacin da [[Terry Brown (mai kula da kwallon kafa)|Terry Brown]] ya sanya hannu. A lokacin [[2007–08 Taron Kwallon Kafa|kakar 2007–08]], Hylton yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe taken [[Babban taro|Babban Taro]] da [[Gasar Cin Kofin Taro]] . Daga cikin bayyanarsa, Hylton ya taka leda a wasansu na farko [[Kofin EFL|na gasar cin kofin League]], lokacin da ya zo a matsayin [[Madadin (kwallon kafa)|wanda zai maye gurbin]] [[Marvin Morgan]] na minti na 69 a 3–1 da [[Coventry City FC|Coventry City]] ta doke su a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2008. <ref>{{cite news|title=Coventry 3–1 Aldershot|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7551359.stm|website=BBC Sport|date=13 August 2008|access-date=17 August 2008}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekarar 2007, Hylton ya koma [[Harlow Town FC|Harlow Town]] a matsayin [[Lamuni (wasanni)|aro]] kafin ya sami rauni a farkon wasansa, inda ya fito a sakamakon haka. <ref name="Harlow">Hugman, Barry J., ed. (2010). ''The PFA Footballers' Who's Who 2010–11''. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-84596-601-0</ref> A kan 6 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2011, an ruwaito Hylton ya amince ya shiga [[AFC Wimbledon]] . <ref>{{cite news|first=Jacob|last=Murtagh|title=AFC Wimbledon sign Aldershot Town striker Danny Hylton|url=http://www.surreyherald.co.uk/surrey-sport/afcwimbledon/2011/01/06/afc-wimbledon-sign-aldershot-town-striker-danny-hylton-86289-27942116/|newspaper=Surrey Herald|location=Guildford|date=6 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164252/http://www.surreyherald.co.uk/surrey-sport/afcwimbledon/2011/01/06/afc-wimbledon-sign-aldershot-town-striker-danny-hylton-86289-27942116/|archive-date=24 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Koyaya, daga baya ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwangilar shekara guda don ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Aldershot a ƙarƙashin sabon manajan [[Dean Holdsworth]] . <ref>{{cite news|title=Hylton, Morris and McGlashan sign new Aldershot deals|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/a/aldershot/9393912.stm|website=BBC Sport|date=25 February 2011|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Aldershot striker Danny Hylton hit with eight-match ban|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/18040974|website=BBC Sport|date=11 May 2012|access-date=11 May 2012}}</ref> == Rotherham United == A ranar 18 ga Yunin shekarar 2013, Hylton ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da sabuwar ƙungiyar [[EFL League One|League One]] [[Rotherham United FC|Rotherham United]], tare da zaɓi na shekara ta uku. <ref>{{cite news|title=Danny Hylton: Rotherham agree contract with ex-Aldershot striker|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22949991|website=BBC Sport|date=18 June 2013|access-date=19 June 2013}}</ref> Ya buga wasansa na farko na Rotherham a wasan da suka doke Brentford da ci 1-0 a ranar 5 ga Oktoba. <ref>{{cite news|title=Brentford 0–1 Rotherham United|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/24349443|website=BBC Sport|date=5 October 2013|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref> Kwanaki goma bayan haka, an ba da Hylton aro ga kulob din [[EFL League Biyu|League Two]] [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] har zuwa 23 ga Nuwamba. <ref>"Hylton, Morris and McGlashan sign new Aldershot deals". ''BBC Sport''. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2016.</ref> [[Fayil:Danny Hylton.jpg|thumb|Danny Hylton]] A ranar 27 ga Janairun shekarar 2014, Hylton ya shiga AFC Wimbledon akan lamuni na ragowar [[2013–14 AFC Wimbledon kakar|lokacin 2013–14]] . <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/18040974</ref> An daukaka Rotherham zuwa [[Gasar EFL|Gasar Championship]] a karshen kakar wasa, kuma an jera Hylton. <ref>{{cite news|title=Rotherham United: Michael O'Connor heads released list|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27605550|website=BBC Sport|date=28 May 2014|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref> == Oxford United == Hylton ya koma kulob na League Biyu [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a kan 6 Yuni 2014. <ref>{{cite news|title=Danny Hylton: Oxford United seal deal for ex-Millers striker|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27730735|website=BBC Sport|date=6 June 2014|access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> Ya kawo karshen [[2014-15 Oxford United FC kakar|kakar wasa ta 2014–15]] a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zira kwallaye a Oxford da kwallaye 16 a duk gasa, 14 daga cikinsu sun zo a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.buryfc.co.uk/news/2013/october/danny-hylton-joins/ |access-date=2023-12-05 |archive-date=2017-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112074249/https://www.buryfc.co.uk/news/2013/october/danny-hylton-joins/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2016, ya zira kwallo ta biyu na Oxford a [[Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta 2016]] a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], wanda Oxford ta yi rashin nasara da ci 3–2 a [[Barnsley FC|Barnsley]] . <ref>{{cite news|first=Phil|last=Cartwright|title=Barnsley 3–2 Oxford United|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35906363|website=BBC Sport|date=3 April 2016|access-date=3 April 2016}}</ref> == Garin Luton == Hylton ya ki amincewa da sabon kwantiragi da Oxford don rattaba hannu a kulob din [[Luton Town FC|Luton Town]] na League Two kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 31 ga Mayu 2016. <ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Pritchard|title=Danny Hylton rejects Oxford United to join Luton Town|url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/sport/oxfordunited/14526604.Danny_Hylton_rejects_Oxford_United_to_join_Luton_Town/|newspaper=Oxford Mail|date=31 May 2016|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton Town sign Oxford United pair Danny Hylton and Johnny Mullins|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36420840|website=BBC Sport|date=31 May 2016|access-date=14 August 2016}}</ref> Ya zura kwallon farko a wasansa na farko a wasan da Luton ta doke [[Plymouth Argyle FC|Plymouth Argyle da]] ci 3-0 a ranar bude [[2016-17 Luton Town FC kakar|gasar 2016–17]] . <ref>{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Hatters head to the top after superb Plymouth win|url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hatters-head-to-the-top-after-superb-plymouth-win-1-7515160|newspaper=Luton Today|date=6 August 2016|access-date=17 September 2016|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914203939/http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hatters-head-to-the-top-after-superb-plymouth-win-1-7515160|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hylton ya ci [[hat-trick]] ga Luton a cikin nasara da ci 4–1 a gida zuwa [[Wycombe Wanderers FC|Wycombe Wanderers]] a ranar 3 ga Satumba, <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton Town 4–1 Wycombe Wanderers|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37202570|website=BBC Sport|date=3 September 2016|access-date=5 September 2016}}</ref> wanda ya gan shi ya sami gurbi a cikin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] na mako. <ref>http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/sport/oxfordunited/14526604.Danny_Hylton_rejects_Oxford_United_to_join_Luton_Town/</ref> Ya zura kwallaye biyu daga bugun fenariti ga Luton a wasan da suka doke [[Exeter City FC|Exeter City]] da ci 3-1 a [[Kofin FA|gasar cin kofin FA]] zagaye na farko, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da zuwa zagaye na biyu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Exeter City 1–3 Luton Town|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37807687|website=BBC Sport|date=5 November 2016|access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref> Hylton ya rattaba hannu kan tsawaita kwantiragin tare da Luton a ranar 12 ga Janairu 2017 har zuwa Yuni 2019, tare da fatan kara tsawaita har zuwa 2020, bayan da ya zira kwallaye 14 daga wasanni 26 har zuwa wannan lokacin a cikin 2016-17. <ref>{{cite news|title=Danny Hylton: Luton Town striker signs contract extension|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38597346|website=BBC Sport|date=12 January 2017|access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Leading scorer Hylton extends his contract with Luton|url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/leading-scorer-hylton-extends-his-contract-with-luton-1-7769098|newspaper=Luton Today|date=12 January 2017|access-date=12 January 2017|archive-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116144241/http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/leading-scorer-hylton-extends-his-contract-with-luton-1-7769098|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan gida da [[Crawley Town FC|Crawley Town]] a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, na farko ya zo ne a cikin minti na 70 kuma na biyu ya zo a cikin minti na 76, wanda ya sanya maki 2-1 zuwa Luton, <ref>{{cite news|title=Luton Town 2–1 Crawley Town|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38864697|website=BBC Sport|date=11 February 2017|access-date=13 February 2017}}</ref> kuma an sake sanya sunan shi a cikin wasan. Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Ingila ta mako. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> An nada Hylton a matsayin gwarzon dan wasa na watan Fabarairun 2017 na PFA Fans' League, inda ya zura kwallaye hudu a wasanni biyar da ya buga. Ayyukansa na Luton sun gan shi suna cikin [[Ƙungiyar PFA na Shekara (2010s)|PFA League Two Team of the Year]], <ref name="PFATOTY1617">{{cite news|title=PFA teams of the year: Chelsea and Tottenham dominate Premier League XI|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39648483|website=BBC Sport|date=20 April 2017|access-date=20 April 2017}}</ref> da kuma suna [[Luton Town FC Player of the Season|Luton Town Player of the Season]], wanda magoya bayan kulob din suka zabe shi. <ref name="2017POTY">{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Hylton cleans up at Town's end of season awards|url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hylton-cleans-up-at-town-s-end-of-season-awards-1-7929500|newspaper=Luton Today|date=24 April 2017|access-date=24 April 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hylton ya Kuma taka leda a kafafun biyu na wasan daf da na kusa da karshe na Luton da suka sha kashi a [[Blackpool FC|hannun Blackpool]], wanda ya kare da ci 6–5 a jumulla, ya kuma ci [[bugun fanareti (kwallon kafa)|fanareti]] a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 gida a wasa na biyu. <ref>{{cite news|first=Nathan|last=Middleton|title=Blackpool 3–2 Luton Town|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39833952|website=BBC Sport|date=14 May 2017|access-date=12 November 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|first=Brendon|last=Mitchell|title=Luton Town 3–3 Blackpool (agg: 5–6)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39879758|website=BBC Sport|date=18 May 2017|access-date=12 November 2017}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasan da wasanni 47 da kwallaye 27. Kafin [[2017-18 Luton Town FC kakar|2017-18]], Hylton ya yi aiki a kan ƙananan ƙafarsa wanda ya gan shi ya rasa farkon kakar wasa. <ref>{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Hylton is a doubt for the start of the season|url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hylton-is-a-doubt-for-the-start-of-the-season-1-8042273|newspaper=Luton Today|date=5 July 2017|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113112920/http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hylton-is-a-doubt-for-the-start-of-the-season-1-8042273|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|first=Tim|last=Street|title=Spurs game pencilled in for Hylton and Justin's Luton returns|url=http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/spurs-game-pencilled-in-for-hylton-and-justin-s-luton-returns/story-30468263-detail/story.html|newspaper=Bedfordshire on Sunday|location=Bedford|date=3 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022101744/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/spurs-game-pencilled-in-for-hylton-and-justin-s-luton-returns/story-30468263-detail/story.html|archive-date=22 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fitowarsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta zo ne da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC Under-23s da Academy|Tottenham Hotspur U21]] a wasan rukuni na [[Kofin EFL|EFL Trophy]] a ranar 15 ga Agusta 2017, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da [[rabin lokaci]] . <ref>{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Penalties are the name of the game as Town beat Spurs U21s|url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/penalties-are-the-name-of-the-game-as-town-beat-spurs-u21s-1-8104769|newspaper=Luton Today|date=15 August 2017|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113112840/http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/penalties-are-the-name-of-the-game-as-town-beat-spurs-u21s-1-8104769|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hylton ya ci kwallonsa ta farko na 2017 – 18 a wasa na 50 ga Luton tare da ƙwallaye a waje da [[Mansfield Town FC|Mansfield Town]] kwanaki 11 bayan haka, wanda ya ƙare 2-2. <ref>{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Hylton delighted to mark his 50th game with dramatic equaliser|url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hylton-delighted-to-mark-his-50th-game-with-dramatic-equaliser-1-8124457|newspaper=Luton Today|date=28 August 2017|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113003547/http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hylton-delighted-to-mark-his-50th-game-with-dramatic-equaliser-1-8124457|url-status=dead}}</ref> An ba shi lambar yabo ta PFA Fans' League Player of the Month na Oktoba 2017, bayan ya ci kwallaye hudu a wasanni biyar. <ref name="PFAPOTMOct17">{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Hylton wins PFA fans award for October|url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hylton-wins-pfa-fans-award-for-october-1-8239495|newspaper=Luton Today|date=10 November 2017|access-date=12 November 2017|archive-date=13 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113112838/http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/hylton-wins-pfa-fans-award-for-october-1-8239495|url-status=dead}}</ref> An tsawaita kwantiraginsa da shekara guda a karshen kakar wasa ta 2017 – 18 bayan an haifar da batun ci gaba a sakamakon [[Ci gaba da raguwa|ci gaban]] Luton zuwa League One. <ref>{{cite news|first=Mike|last=Simmonds|title=Luton confirm new contracts for Potts and Sheehan|url=https://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/luton-confirm-new-contracts-for-potts-and-sheehan-1-8499848|newspaper=Luton Today|date=16 May 2018|access-date=16 May 2018}}</ref> == Garin Northampton == Hylton ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din [[Northampton Town FC|Northampton Town]] a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2022 wanda zai fara aiki daga 1 ga Yuli lokacin da kwantiraginsa na Luton ya kare. <ref>{{cite news|title=Danny Hylton: Northampton Town sign Luton forward as Shaun McWilliams signs new deal|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/61878894|website=BBC Sport|date=21 June 2022|access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref> == Manazarta == pp51mm3y58fu1rtqn3sib1lluotxqms 0 66748 839424 666530 2026-05-23T17:35:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Choba Market, Port Harcourt.jpg|thumb|choba market]] [[Fayil:Donald Ekong Library, UNIPORT.jpg|thumb|hoton uniport]] '''Choba, Port Harcourt''' yankin unguwa ce a birnin [[Port Harcourt|Fatakwal]], [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Ribas]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{cite web|title= Choba business community embraces anti-corruption awareness |url= https://www.sunnewsonline.com/choba-business-community-embraces-anti-corruption-awareness/ |publisher=The Sun Newspaper |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Rivers: Contender for Choba community’s traditional stool dies on judgment day |url= https://dailypost.ng/2021/08/12/rivers-contender-for-choba-communitys-traditional-stool-dies-on-judgment-day/ |publisher=Daily Post Newspaper |accessdate=12 August 2021}}</ref> Unguwar na da nisan 16 km (9.9 mi) daga arewa maso yamma na gundumar kasuwanci ta [[Port Harcourt]], a gefen gabas na [[New Calabar River|sabon kogin Calabar]]. Choba asalin ƙauyen Ikwerre ne da ke ƙetaren [[Port Harcourt]], wanda wani babban sarki ne ke tafiyar da harkokin ƙauyen a ƙauyen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} Nigeria: The Ikwerre Youth Association in Port Harcourt, Nigeria including their activities; treatment of their members by the authorities; negotiations with the Hillbros [Willbros] |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3df4be8027.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref> Sarki na yanzu shine Eze Raymond Echendu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://onlinenigeria.com/politics/212220-in-rivers-contender-for-choba-communitys-traditional-stool-dies-on-judgment-day.html|title=In Rivers, Contender For Choba Community’s Traditional Stool Dies On Judgment Day|publisher=Online Nigeria|date=12 August 2021|access-date=14 September 2022|archive-date=14 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914064214/https://onlinenigeria.com/politics/212220-in-rivers-contender-for-choba-communitys-traditional-stool-dies-on-judgment-day.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamar yadda Fatakwal ta faɗaɗa, Choba ta haɗe da babban birnin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}} Yankin China na ɗaya daga cikin gundumomin zabe 17 da ƙaramar hukumar [[Obio-Akpor]] ke gudanarwa.<ref name="inecnigeria.org">http://wp1.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Rivers.pdf</ref> Yawan jama'a a 1991, bisa ga ƙidayar ƙasa, ya kai 10,968, a 1996 an ƙiyasta ya ƙaru zuwa 12,980, da 27,253 a 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population Census In Nigeria – Nigerian Observer |url=https://nigerianobservernews.com/2014/12/population-census-in-nigeria/?amp |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=nigerianobservernews.com}}</ref> Akwai madaidaiciyar hanya wacce take kaiwa ga wani shingen bincike da zai nufi<ref>{{cite web |title= Residents flee Rivers community after cultists behead two |url= https://guardian.ng/news/residents-flee-rivers-community-after-cultists-behead-two/ |publisher= The guardian Newspaper |accessdate= 15 September 2018 |archive-date= 15 November 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181115110712/https://guardian.ng/news/residents-flee-rivers-community-after-cultists-behead-two/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> wasu jahohin [[Najeriya]] kamar [[Bayelsa|jihar Bayelsa]] da [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]] zuwa yamma.<ref>{{cite web|title= Latest Police Attacks in Rivers state: Gunmen attack multiple police checkpoints for Rivers, kill 7 officers |url= https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-57035891.amp |publisher=BBC |accessdate=8 May 2021}}</ref> Choba na da nisan kilomita 466/290 daga [[Abuja]] a, babban birnin tarayyar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Choba, Nigeria - Facts and information on Choba - Nigeria.Places-in-the-world.com |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/6826215-place-choba.html |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=nigeria.places-in-the-world.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jami'ar Fatakwal tana cikin Choba wanda ya hakan ya yi silar kwararowar jama'a zuwa yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Port Harcourt – NHEF |url=https://www.thenhef.org/partner-universities/university-of-port-harcourt/ |access-date=2023-04-30 |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430202638/https://www.thenhef.org/partner-universities/university-of-port-harcourt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == An kafa Jami'ar Fatakwal a Choba, a shekarar 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria |url=https://www.campus.africa/university/university-of-port-harcourt-2/ |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=campus.africa |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria |url=https://www.campus.africa/university/university-of-port-harcourt-2/ |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=campus.africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Jami'ar na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arziƙin yankin da haɓakar yawan jama'ar yankin.{{Ana bukatan hujja}} Har wayau akwai harabar Jami'a ukku a garin, su ne; Harabar Abuja-(Abuja Campus), da Harabar Delta-(Delta Campus) da kuma Harabar Choba-(Choba Campus).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=University of Port Harcourt |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-port-harcourt |access-date=2023-04-27 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> Jami'ar Fatakwal na da alaƙa da [[Association of Commonwealth Universities|Kungiyar Jami'o'in Commonwealth]] (ACU), [[Association of African Universities|Ƙungiyar Jami'o'in Afirka]] (AAU) da Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Fatakwal, wanda kuma yake a Choba. Jami’ar na da manyan tsofaffin ɗalibai da suka haɗa da tsohon shugaban Najeriya GCFR, [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ; Ministan sufuri, [[Rotimi Amaechi]] da wasu Sanatocin Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Port Harcourt – NHEF |url=https://www.thenhef.org/partner-universities/university-of-port-harcourt/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504112010/https://www.thenhef.org/partner-universities/university-of-port-harcourt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga Jami'ar Fatakwal da [[Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Fatakwal]], akwai dimbin makarantun sakandare na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu a kusa da garin Choba Fatakwal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The top 10 schools near Choba « SCHOOLS.HEYPLACES.COM.NG |url=https://schools.heyplaces.com.ng/Choba/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=schools.heyplaces.com.ng |language=en-NG}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} mzhqkdyxbqn6rdn37n9jr7zobl82tcz 0 68094 839332 819082 2026-05-23T13:01:29Z Eaglemorini 45117 Gyaran hoto na misali 839332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:La Fouine (Laouni Mouhid) at OM Seraing, February 8, 2026.jpg|thumb|Rapper '''La Fouine''' tare da tawagarsa a OM Seraing a Belgium a cikin 2026.]] [[Fayil:La Fouine (rappeur) - Besançon.jpg|thumb|'''La Fouine''' a shagon kasina]] '''Laouni Muhid''' (Larabci; an haife shi ranar 25 ga watan Disamba, 1981) wanda aka fi sani da suna '''La Fouine''' (Faransa: [[la 'fwin] ]; lit. 'The beech marten'), tare da ƙarin sunayen da ake kira Fouiny Babe ko kawai Fouiny (/fwiːni/), mawaƙi ne na kasar Faransa kuma mawaƙi na zuriyar Maroko. Shi ne mai mallakar Banlieue Sale da layin tufafi "Street Swagg".  == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haife shi a Trappes a cikin iyali na yara bakwai ga iyaye yan asalin Maroko daga Casablanca, Laouni ya girma a wajen Paris a cikin Yvelines . Shi ne na karshe daga cikin 'yan uwansa maza da mata shida, Hakim (wanda aka fi sani da rapper Canardo), Kamel, Illham, Samira, Naima da Adil. La Fouine ya yi magana game da wannan a cikin "Je regarde là-haut". [[Fayil:La Fouine 10 Sep 2011 (cropped).jpg|thumb|La Fouine]] Ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru goma sha biyar don ya ba da kansa ga rap kuma ya ɗauki darussan kiɗa na farko. La Fouine, wanda ake kira "Forcené" memba ne mai aiki a cikin ƙungiyar "GSP". Ya kasance wani ɓangare na ɗan gajeren ƙungiyar "FORS" tare da ''DJ RV'' (Hervé), Le ''Griffin'' (Tarek Medimegh) da ''LaylaD'' (Layla Melloni Forcé), wanda aka kirkira galibi don shiga cikin 2 R puissance ART a La Verrière, inda ya lashe kyautar ta biyu. A shekara ta 1998, an daure La Fouine. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Laouni ta yi aure, sannan ta sake aure bayan ta zama mahaifin wata yarinya, an haife ta a shekara ta 2002, mai suna Fatima, mai suna bayan mahaifiyar La Fouine. Mutuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekara ta 2005 ta yi wahayi zuwa ga waƙarsa "Je regarde là-haut" Ya kuma sami lokacin duhu a gidajen kula da gidaje da kurkuku. "Ina da shekaru goma sha biyar kawai lokacin da aka kore ni daga makaranta kuma aka sanya ni a gidajen kulawa. Na zama mai fama da rashin barci a mafi yawan lokuta. Amma bai dauki ni in kwana da ni ba, idan 'yan sanda suna neman ni kai tsaye. Na yi barci tare da mutane a cikin motoci, gidaje, da sauransu". Ya ce wa mujallar Planète Rap. Fouine mai sha'awar kulob din mai suna ESA Linas-Montlhéry ne. == Ayyuka == === 2005: An yi amfani da shi a cikin sauti''An bugu da shi'' === [[Fayil:La Fouine in a gym with boxing gloves and four other people.jpg|thumb|273x273px|'''La Fouine''' a lokacin zaman horo a dakin motsa jiki.]] Bayan ya saki takardar shaidarsa ta farko ta titin Planète Trappes wanda ya sa ya sami izini na farko a cikin rap, ya saki kundi na farko a shekara ta 2005 mai suna Bourré au Son wanda ke da alamar salon California. Waƙoƙin "L'unité" da "Quelque chose de spécial" sun sami yabo mai mahimmanci kuma an watsa su a yawancin tashoshin rediyo na Faransa.<ref>http://hitparade.ch/artist/La_Fouine</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] giuqal2m1654teq4v3jufa56yxr8cej 2 68409 839390 368496 2026-05-23T16:16:52Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839390 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 68806 839355 833149 2026-05-23T15:22:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:A history of Nova-Scotia, or Acadie (microform) (IA cihm 37228).pdf|thumb|''Changa Chet'']] '''''Changa Chet''''' fim ne da akayi a shekarar 2018 na soyayya na Nepalese wanda Dipendra K Khanal ya ba da umarni. Pradip Bhardwaj ne ya rubuta fim ɗin kuma Madhav Wagle da Sharmila Pandey suka shirya. Fim ɗin dai sun haɗa da Ayushman Joshi, Rabindra Jha, [[Sandip Chhetri]], Arpan Thapa, Priyanka Karki, Paramita Rana, Surakshya Panta a cikin manyan jarumai. Kuɗin kuɗin da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin yin fim ɗin ya kai ga gurfanar da furodusan fim ɗin Madhav Wagle, daraktan fasaha Sudip Tamang da mataimakin Mahendra Bogati.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reelnepal.com/movie/122133/changa-chet|title=Changa Chet (2018) - Nepali Movie|website=reelnepal|language=en-us|access-date=2018-12-03|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020174507/https://reelnepal.com/movie/122133/changa-chet|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-11-17/producer-changa-storytelling-chet.html|title=Movie review: Producer Changa; Storytelling Chet|access-date=2018-12-03|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.onlinekhabar.com/changa-chet-movie-review-interesting-story-in-cliched-style-equals-masala-film.html|title=Changa Chet movie review: Interesting story in clichéd style equals 'masala film' – OnlineKhabar|website=english.onlinekhabar.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://xnepali.net/surprise-priyanka-and-paramita-together-with-ayushman-in-changa-chait/|title=Surprise – Priyanka and Paramita together with Ayushman in Changa Chait|date=2018-03-19|work=Nepali Movies, films|access-date=2018-12-03|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An saki fim ɗin a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha takwas 2018 kuma ya gamu da amsa mai kyau daga masu suka da masu sauraro. Fim din ya yi nasara a kasuwanci a ofishin akwatin. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fandango.com/changa-chet-215916/cast-and-crew|title=Changa Chet Cast and Crew - Cast Photos and Info {{!}} Fandango|website=Fandango|access-date=2018-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moviemandu.com/changa-chet-release-date-announced/|title=CHANGA CHET Release Date Announced|website=www.moviemandu.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-03|archive-date=2018-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005707/http://www.moviemandu.com/changa-chet-release-date-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-11-02/three-new-films-to-hit-kathmandu-screens-today.html|title=Three new films to hit Kathmandu screens today|access-date=2018-12-03|language=en}}</ref> == Makirci == Mutane uku sun hadu da masu buri daban-daban na nasu. Suna fuskantar kalubale da dama bayan sun karbi rancen kudi daga wani dan daba amma sun yi asarar kudin. == Yin wasan kwaikwayo == * Ayushman Joshi as Niraj / Siddhartha * Rabindra Jha as Udit Narayan * Arpan Thapa as Mukunda * [[Sandip Chhetri]] a matsayin Thame * Surakshya Panta a matsayin Manisha * Paramita RL Rana == Sauti ==   == Manazarta == 37hn6d5q7qmcr1isvwq8a0p6vee3ke3 0 72645 839339 789062 2026-05-23T14:06:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cassie Kabwita''' (an haife ta ranar 13 ga watan Oktoba, 1988) ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Zambiya kuma Mai shirya fim-finai kuma mai ba da gudummawa.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=John |date=2021-10-29 |title=Afronista Spotlight: Is King Cassie Kabwita Really The Pioneer Of Zambia Movie Industry? |url=https://africanvibes.com/afronista-spotlight-is-king-cassie-kabwita-really-the-pioneer-of-zambia-movie-industry/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |website=African Vibes |archive-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231226023134/https://africanvibes.com/afronista-spotlight-is-king-cassie-kabwita-really-the-pioneer-of-zambia-movie-industry/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-04 |title=ZAMBIAN FILMMAKER and actress Cassie Kabwita famously known as KING CASSIE says she is pleased with her new call as a 'Rotarian'. |url=https://dailynationzambia.com/2024/01/rotary-call-excites-zed-actress-king-cassie/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> An san ta da ayyukanta a masana'antun fina-finai na Zambiya da Tanzaniya. Cassie ita Jakada ta Bikin Fim na Afirka (TAFF) a Dallas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Director |first=Kelechi Eke, Founder/ |title=THE AFRICAN FILM FESTIVAL (TAFF) - Bridging Cultures Through Film |url=http://www.theafricanfilmfestival.org/ |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=The African Film Festival |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Cassie ta fito nne daga zuriyar Lunda ddaga Cif Kakoma a Gundumar Mwinilunga dda ke Lardin Arewa maso YYamma kuma an haife ta ne a Asibitin TTsakiya na [[Ndola]], a Ndola, Lardin Copperbelt a Zambia.; == Fina-finai == === Darakta / marubuci / furodusa === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! style="width:2em;" scope="col" |Year ! style="width:9em;" scope="col" |Title ! style="width:2em;" scope="col" |Writer ! style="width:2em;" scope="col" |Producer |- |2010 |''3rd party'' |{{Ya}} |{{Ya}} |- |2014 |''Guilt / Hatia'' | {{Ya}} | {{Ya}} |- |2017 |''Kwacha / Imetosha'' | {{Ya}} | {{Ya}} |} === Ƴar wasan kwaikwayo === {| class="wikitable" |+Film roles !Year !Title !Role !Note |- | rowspan="2" |2009 |''Roho Sita'' |Minor |Directed by Ommy-D |- |''Sweet Revenge'' |MInor Role, Director |Produced By Nasir Muhammed Directed By Ommy-D |- |2010 |''Familia Yangu'' |Lead Role/Producer |Produced By Poyaga Production Directed By Goodluck Komba |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |''Guilt / Hatia'' |Lead Actress | |- |''Vita Baridi''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Women In Filmmaking |url=https://sotambe.org/women-in-filmmaking |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014145646/https://sotambe.org/women-in-filmmaking |archive-date=2020-10-14 |access-date=2019-10-03 |website=sotambe.org}}</ref> |Lead Role |Produced By Jerusalem Films Production Directed By Jacob Steven |- |2014 |''Mzee wa Swagga''<ref name=":2" /> |Lead Role |Produced By Jerusalem Films Directed By Jacob Stevens |- |2015 |''Sink or Swim: The Perilous Journey'' |Support Role |Produced By Prince Richard Directed By [[Ike Nnewogbi]] |- |2015 |''Secrets Untold'' |Lead Role |Produced And Directed By Owas Ray Mwape |- |2018 |''Fugitive''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/cassie-in-nollywoods-fugitive/|title=Cassie in Nollywood's 'Fugitive' – Zambia Daily Mail|website=www.daily-mail.co.zm|access-date=2019-10-09}}</ref> |Support |Produced By Diamond Image Directed By Andy Boyo |- |2019 |''Off Duty''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-28 |title=Cassie Kabwita 'Off Duty |url=https://www.thezambiansun.com/cassie-kabwita-off-duty/ |access-date=2019-09-19 |website=The Lusaka Sun |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920100914/https://www.thezambiansun.com/cassie-kabwita-off-duty/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | |- | |3rd Party |Lead Role, [[Film producer]], [[Screenwriter]] |Directed By [[Okechukwu Oku]] |- | |His Queen |Support |Directed By Charles Uwagbi |- |2020 |Kavundula |Lead Role, [[Film producer]], [[Screenwriter]] |Directed By [[Thandi Vundamina]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+TV Shows !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2023 |Repoti&nbsp;Season 1 & 4 |Lead |Produced By Jerusalem Films For Sinema Zetu On Azam Tv Directed By Jacob Stevens |- |2021 |Uncle Limbani Season 2 & 3 |Support |Produced By New Norm Media For Zambezi Magic On DSTv<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncle Limbani |url=https://dstv-fe-zambezimagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/zambezimagic/en-gh/show/uncle-limbani |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Zambezi Magic - Uncle Limbani |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Directed By Jordan Muyembi Nominated for Best Original Comedy Series at [[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2023 AMVCA]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-17 |title=AMVCA 2023: Full list of AMVCA award nominees as Anikulapo, King of Thieves, Brotherhood battle for win |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cv292ql866do |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> |- |2020 |Mungoma&nbsp; Season 1 & 2 |Support |Produced By Upfront&nbsp; Media For Zambezi Magic On Dstv<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mungoma |url=https://dstv-fe-zambezimagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/zambezimagic/en-gh/show/mungoma |access-date=2024-01-03 |website=Mungoma |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Directed By Maynard Muchangwe |- |2018 |Side Plate Season 1 & 2 |Support |Produced By Mingeli Palata Directed By Maynard Muchangwe |- |2012 |Love Games Season 1 and Season 2 |Lead Role |Produced By Media 365 For USAID Directed By Jeff Sitali |} {| class="wikitable" |+Music video appearances !Year !Song !Musician !Video on [[YouTube]] |- |2011 |"Njiwa" |Mangustino |<ref>{{Citation|title=Mangustino Njiwa|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wihuXG7UcCs|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref> |- |2014 |"Shalapo" |[[B'Flow]] |<ref>{{Citation|title=Shalapo - B-Flow Ft. Macky 2 & FlavaBoy (Official Video HD) {{!}} Zambian Music 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiOTgf0Mbag|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |"WANGA Wanga" |Bryan |<ref>{{Citation|title=Wanga Wanga (Magic Touch) - Bryan (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnjNMvfvtZE|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref> |- |"Basazibe" |[[Mampi]] |<ref>{{Citation|title=Basazibe - Mampi Feat Judy (Official Video HD) {{!}} Zambian Music 2014 HD|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4jVaZUaq8c|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Everything is better" |[[Macky 2]] feat. Exile |<ref>{{Citation|title=Macky 2 Ft Izrael - Everything Is Better (Official Music Video 2018)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkSm2O19jdw|language=en|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka da Ayyanawa== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Year !Award !Category !Result |- | rowspan="5" |2014 | rowspan="5" |ZAFTA Awards |Best Feature Film |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won |- |Best Editor |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won |- |Best Sound |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won |- |Best Actress | style="background: #ffdddd"| Nominated |- |Best Picture | style="background: #ddffdd"|Won |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |ZAFTA Award |Best Actress | style="background: #ddffdd" | Won<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lusakavoice.com/2015/11/20/owas-cassie-win-big-at-2015-zaftar-awards/|title=Owas, Cassie win big at 2015 ZAFTAR Awards|website=Lusaka Voice|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-03|archive-date=2019-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003082611/http://www.lusakavoice.com/2015/11/20/owas-cassie-win-big-at-2015-zaftar-awards/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Mwape Pee Award |Best Uprising Star |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2015/09/30/actress-cassie-kabwita-gets-rising-star-award/|title=Zambia: Actress Cassie Kabwita gets Rising Star Award|date=2015-09-30|website=LusakaTimes.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mwape.com/index.php/winners|title=Winners|website=www.mwape.com|access-date=2019-10-03|archive-date=2019-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003082607/http://www.mwape.com/index.php/winners|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |2016 |Zee Music Awards |Best Actress |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zambianmusic.net/7345/nominees-for-the-zambian-zeemusic-awards-2016-announced.html|title=Nominees For The Zambian ZeeMusic Awards 2016 Announced|website=ZambianMusic.net|access-date=2019-10-03|archive-date=2019-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003074357/https://www.zambianmusic.net/7345/nominees-for-the-zambian-zeemusic-awards-2016-announced.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2017 |Zambian Woman Awards |Zambian Woman of the Year in Film | style="background: #ffdddd"| Nominated |- | rowspan="3" |Multichoice ZAFTA Awards<ref>{{Cite web |title=Times of Zambia {{!}} 2017 ZAFTAs enthralling! |url=https://www.times.co.zm/?p=94734 |access-date=2024-01-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103143342/https://www.times.co.zm/?p=94734 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Best Picture | style="background: #ffdddd"| Nominated |- |Best Actress |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won |- |Best Film | style="background: #ffdddd"| Nominated |- |Zee Music Awards |Best Actress |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zambianmusicblog.co/2017-zeemusic-creative-awards-winners-list/|title=2017 ZeeMusic Creative Awards Winners List|date=2017-12-04|website=Zambian Music Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-08}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |The National Assassination of Media Arts (NAMA) |Most Consistent Actress |style="background: #ddffdd"|Won |- |Most Outstanding Film Producer |style="background: #ddffdd"|Won |- | rowspan="5" |2019 |Shungu Namutitima International Film Festival |Best Zambian Picture |style="background: #ddffdd"| Won |- |Sinema Zetu International Film Festival&nbsp; - Dar-Es-Salaam Tanzania |World Cinema (Kwacha) |style="background: #ffdddd"|Nominee |- | rowspan="2" |[[Ngoma Awards]] – Lusaka Zambia |Most Outstanding Feature Film (Kwacha) |style="background: #ddffdd"|Winner |- |Best Actress (Kwacha) |style="background: #ffdddd"|Nominee |- |Sotambe International Film Festival &nbsp; - Kitwe Zambia |Best Film (Kwacha) |style="background: #ddffdd"|Winner |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |[[2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|2020 African Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]] |Best Movie South African (Kwacha) |style="background: #ffdddd"|Nominee |- | rowspan="2" |The African Film Festival |Best Short Film Southern Africa |style="background: #ffdddd"|Nominee |- |Best Actress In A Movie |style="background: #ffdddd"|Nominee |} == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje == *{{imdbname|14048698}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabwita, King Cassie}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] bevq7loj3xkpfton5z4e5yjbphmbk3d 0 73065 839593 388560 2026-05-24T07:20:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''OJ.Dennis Mugo''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Kenya|Dan Kenya]], wanda aka fi sani da OJ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-28|title=Former Tahidi High actor OJ’s mother ties the knot at 60|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/former-tahidi-high-actor-ojs-mother-ties-the-knot-at-60/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Nairobi News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128155642/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/former-tahidi-high-actor-ojs-mother-ties-the-knot-at-60/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na makarantar sakandare ''Tahidi High''. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar fasaha ta Tahidi da mataimakin darektan. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Yaro banza acikin shirin fim.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kwamboka|first=Rose|title=Why OJ was fired|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/the-standard/2000112111/why-oj-was-fired|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Standard Entertainment and Lifestyle|language=en}}</ref> Yana aiki ga Gwamnatin Gundumar Embu a Ma'aikatar Karfafa Matasa da Wasanni. Shi ne ke kula da Kwalejin Talent kuma yana gudanar da dukkan kayan aiki. Yana aiki tare da Tahidi High actor Immaculate Murugi, wanda aka fi sani da Ashley, a makarantar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kinyanjui|first=Jeff|date=2020-08-10|title=Kenya: Former 'Tahidi High' Actor OJ Resurfaces|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202008100051.html|access-date=2021-11-17|website=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 4yq5vhuwhsiklpyl140zz7h4l17rnqb 0 73335 839557 777390 2026-05-24T02:42:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dalenda Abdou''', sunan mataki na '''Khira Bent Abdelkader Gharbi''' (Arabic; 2 Nuwamba 1928 - 29 Yuni 2021), 'yar wasan Tunisia ce.<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=20 June 2021|title=Dalenda Abdou n'est plus|trans-title=|url=https://lapresse.tn/101769/disparition-dalanda-abdou-nest-plus/|language=French|work=[[La Presse de Tunisie]]|location=|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=29 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629112131/https://lapresse.tn/101769/disparition-dalanda-abdou-nest-plus/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Abdou ta fara aikinta a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a 1947 tare da ƙungiyar Al Ittihad Al Masrahi de Béchir Rahal . sauya tsakanin wasu ƙungiyoyi da yawa, kamar Troupe du théâtre populaire karkashin jagorancin {{Interlanguage link|Abdelaziz El Aroui|fr}} .<ref>{{cite news |last=Melligi|first=Tahar|date=10 September 2012|title=Les pionniers du théâtre et de la TV en Tunisie – Par Tahar MELLIGI : Dalenda Abdou, la plus vieille des jeunes comédiennes|trans-title= |url=http://www.lequotidien.tn/60866-tunisie-culture-les-pionniers-du-thetre-et-de-la-tv-en-tunisie-par-tahar-melligi.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812021106/http://www.lequotidien.tn/60866-tunisie-culture-les-pionniers-du-thetre-et-de-la-tv-en-tunisie-par-tahar-melligi.html|archivedate=12 August 2017|language=French|work=Le Quotidien|location= |access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref> Ta ɗauki sunan "Dalenda Abdou" bayan jagorancin Béchir Rahal, majagaba na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tunisia kuma mahaifin mawaƙi Oulaya . Ta taka leda a wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, kamar The Two Orphans . A shekara ta 1951, Abdou ta fara aiki tare da Rediyon Tunis, inda ta sadu da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da darektan Mongi Ben Yaïche . Ta fara bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin, musamman wasa Hnani a ''Mhal Chahed'' . Sau da yawa tana taka rawar tsofaffi a talabijin, halin da aka dauka ta ƙware. A ranar 29 ga watan Yunin 2021, Abdou ya mutu yana da shekaru 92 a {{Interlanguage link|Military Hospital of Tunis|fr|Hôpital militaire de Tunis}} daga rashin lafiya mai tsawo wanda ya haifar da kamuwa da cutar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]]. == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === * 1973: Ommi Traki (Uwar Traki) ta Abderrazak Hammami * 2010: Live (gajeren fim) na [[Walid Tayaa]]<ref>{{cite news|last=|first=|date=8 January 2015|title="Conflit": Un film poignant et émouvant|trans-title=|url=https://www.espacemanager.com/conflit-un-film-poignant-et-emouvant.html|language=French|work=Espacemanager.com|location=|access-date=29 June 2021|archive-date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205125807/https://www.espacemanager.com/conflit-un-film-poignant-et-emouvant.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2015: [[Conflict (2015 film)|Rikici]] Moncef Barbouch === Talabijin === * 1992: El Dou[[Larabci|ar]] (ar) na [[Abdelkader Jerbi]] * 1996: El Khottab Al Bab (Grooms on the door) (baƙo na girmamawa a cikin kashi na 7 na kakar 1) na Slaheddine Essid, Ali Louati da Moncef Baldi: Habiba * 1999: Anbar Ellil na Habib Mselmani: Ourida * 2006: Hkeyet El Aroui ta Habib El Jomni * 2007: Salah w Sallouha * 2007: Choufli Hal (Ka sami mafita) (baƙo na girmamawa na fitowar 18 na kakar 4) na Slaheddine Essid: Aichoucha * 2010: Sami Fehri ya fito da shi * 2014: Nsibti Laaziza (Mahaifiyata ƙaunatacciya) (baƙo mai daraja a cikin ɓangarorin 15 da 20 na kakar 4) na Slaheddine Essid == Manazarta == [[Category:Matattun 2021]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1928]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oitnt6iqvf7p4x6z85qha5yljgm5fd3 0 74010 839600 802409 2026-05-24T07:40:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=Deperate Housewives Africa title card.jpg|citizenship=Nigeria|occupation=Comedy drama|Gama mulki=Marc Cherry|organization=Marc Cherry Tosin Otudeko Marc Cherry Jason Ganzel Jenna Bans Joshua Senter Dahvi Waller Kevin Etten Brian Tanen Alexandra Cunningham Bob Daily John Pardee Joey Murphy Wendy Mericle Matt Berry Kevin Murphy * [[Tom Spezialy]] * [[Jeff Greenstein]] * [[Joe Keenan (writer)|Joe Keenan]] Jamie Gorenberg David Flebotte Marco Pennette David Schladweiler Chuck Ranberg Anne Flett-Giordano Susan Nirah Jaffee Chris Black}} '''''Desperate Housewives Africa''''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''''Desperate HWA''''', shirin gidan talabijin mai ban dariya-wasan kwaikwayo ne mai ban dariya na Najeriya - Pan-African version of the American television series, ''Desperate Housewives'' wanda Marc Cherry ya kirkira kuma ABC Studios ya shirya, wanda aka fara a Ebony Life TV akan 30 Afrilu 2015. Nunin ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, waɗanda suka haɗa da: [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]], [[Kehinde Bankole]], [[Omotu Bisson|Omotu Bissong]], [[Nini Wacera]], [[Michelle Dede]], Marcy Dolapo Oni da [[Linda Osifo]]. An harbi wasan kwaikwayon a Lekki . Daidaitawar Pan-Afrika ce ta jerin shirye-shiryen Amurka, ''Matan Magidanta'', waɗanda aka watsa daga 2004 zuwa 2012; ba a daidaita wasan kwaikwayon da jigogin Afirka ba; daga sunayen halaye zuwa babban jigo, amma manyan haruffa suna taka rawa iri ɗaya da haruffan da ke cikin ainihin sigar.<ref>http://newsghana.com.gh/desperate-housewives-africa-to-debut-on-april-30/</ref> == Makirci == Duban rayuwar matan Afirka da ake ganin kamar al'ada a bayan gari yayin da suke neman cimma burinsu ta hanyar iyalansu, sana'o'insu da dangantakarsu, wanda aka saita a cikin ci gaban masu matsakaicin ra'ayi akan Layin Hibiscus akan Lekki Peninsula a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . Ya fara da kashe kansa mai ban tsoro na Rume Bello ( Mary Alice Young ); kyakykyawan uwar gida, wanda aka sani da dumi da karimci. A cikin mutuwa, Rume ta shiga cikin rayuwar abokanan da ta bari - tana yin tsokaci daga hangen nesa ta yanzu. An gabatar da kawayenta na kut-da-kut da suka rude da mutuwarta. Tari Gambadia ( Susan Mayer ) wanda aka sake shi, uwa daya tilo da ke neman soyayya; Funke Lawal (Lynette Scavo) wata babbar hamshakin attajiri ce ta juya zama a gida mahaifiyar 'ya'ya hudu wacce ta yi wani katafaren yanayi a tashin Rume Bello ya ba ta kunya matuka; Ese De Souza ( Bree Van de Kamp ), mace ce mai ibada kuma cikakke kuma uwar gida kuma mahaifiyar matasa biyu, wanda ke magance sakamakon rashin amincewa da danginta na facade da ka'idoji; Kiki Obi ( Gabrielle Solis ), tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Nollywood kuma matar da ta lashe kyautar wanda aurenta da hamshakin mai kudin fim Chuka Obi (Carlos Solis) ya kasa biya mata bukatu mai zurfi, kuma ta juya ga mai horar da ita, Tai Etim (John Rowland) don rage mata. gajiya. Har ila yau, an gabatar da mu ga maƙwabta a kan Lane ciki har da Rhetta Moore ( Edie Britt ) wani dillali na gida da aka sake saki sau biyu tare da sha'awar jima'i mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya yi gwagwarmaya tare da Tari don sha'awar sabon sabon shiga, Larry Izama ( Mike Delfino ) wanda muke daga baya gano ya zo Hibiscus Lane tare da wata boyayyar manufa. Tashin hankali ya tashi yayin da Kay De Souza ( Rex Van de Kamp ) ya tambayi matarsa Ese don saki; Chuka Obi yana daukar matarsa Kiki kamar yadda take kan albashinsa; Shina Lawal (Tom Scavo) bai manta da takaicin matarsa ba da kuma kara damuwa; Deji Bello ( Paul Young ), mijin Rume da ya mutu a yanzu, da alama ya bayyana bakin cikinsa ta hanyar tono lambun nasa cikin tuhuma. Rume ta ba da labarin jerin abubuwan tun daga mahangarta, tana ba da haske game da rayuwa, asirai da rikice-rikice na waɗannan mata huɗu masu jan hankali. == Yin wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Michelle Dede]] as Tari Gam * [[Omotu Bisson|Omotu Bissong]] as Funke Lawal * [[Nini Wacera]] as Ese De Souza * [[Kehinde Bankole]] a matsayin Kiki Obi * [[Linda Osifo]] a matsayin Rhetta Moore * Mercy Dolapo Oni a matsayin Rume Bello * Nonso Odogwu as Kayonde De Souza * [[Femi Branch]] as Deji Bello * [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]] as Chuka Obi * Jason Dwoga as Larry Izama * Susan Pwajok as Aisha Gambandia * Ben Touitou a matsayin Tai Etim * Ifeanyi Dike, Jr as Leo De Souza * Ozzy Agu as Shina Lawal * Omolara Akinsola a matsayin Esther Benson<ref>http://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/nini-wacera-to-feature-in-desperate-housewives-africa-series/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Moyosore Okisola a matsayin Tobi Lawal * Emmanuel Osawaru as Tope Lawal * Imolejesu Nuhu as Tola Lawal * Esther Ubong-Abasi a matsayin Katherine De Souza * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] as Agnes Bassey * [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] as Lekan Phillips * Carol King as Abike Haastrup * Lemmi Ilemona Adejo as Solomon Haastrup * [[Katung Aduwak|Katung Musa Aduwak]] as Dunlandi Gambadia * [[Samuel Abiola Robinson|Samuel Robinson]] as Akin Bello <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.sodasandpopcorn.com/desperate-housewives-africa-male-cast-revealed/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-03-05 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130225354/http://blog.sodasandpopcorn.com/desperate-housewives-africa-male-cast-revealed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Tina Mba]] as Furo George * Amaka Anioji as Nnena Okafor * Ayo Liyado as Father Ajayi * Nicole Vervelde Keza a matsayin Amanda * Imani Emmanuel as Bose * Gregory Ojefua a matsayin mai bincike na sirri == Production == An sanar da auditions don ayyuka daban-daban a cikin Disamba 2013. [[Mo Abudu]] shugaba kuma babban furodusa ne ya jagoranci samarwa. Quinty Pillay ne ya jagoranta, ’yan fim din sun fito ne daga Najeriya. An canza sunayen ƴan wasan daga sunaye a farkon nunin, domin samun sunayen Afirka. Michelle Dede ta buga Susan Mayer yayin da [[Nini Wacera]] wata 'yar wasan [[Kenya|Kenya ce]] ke buga nau'in Bree Van de Kamp da aka daidaita, kamar yadda [[Kehinde Bankole]] ke wasa Gabrielle Solis . [[Omotu Bisson|Omotu Bissong]] na taka Lynette Scavo, Mercy Dolapo Oni taka na Mary Alice Young da Linda Osifo na buga Edie Britt . Mazajen da suka nuna ainihin sigar su ne, [[Joseph Benjamin (actor)|Joseph Benjamin]] yana wasa da sigar Afirka ta Carlos Solis, Larry Izama ya buga Mike Delphino, [[Femi Branch|Reshen Femi]] yana wasa Paul Young, Ben Touitou yana buga wasan Afirka John Rawland, Ozzy Agu ya buga Tom Scavo kuma Samuel Robinson ya buga Zach Young . A ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2015, wasan kwaikwayon ya tafi hutun samarwa don sake cika sauran kashi tara. Ya ɗauki aiki daga Satumba 3, 2015, daga kashi na goma sha biyar na farkon kakar wasa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> == Watsa shirye-shirye == ''Matan Gida na Afirka'' sun fara fitowa a duk faɗin Nahiyar Afirka da bayanta a Gidan Talabijin na Ebony Life wanda ke samuwa akan Multichoice dish, DSTV Channel 165 akan 30 Afrilu 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ebonylifetv.com/desperate-hwa/|title=Desperate housewives premieres at Ebony at 10pm CAT.|access-date=August 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628101154/http://ebonylifetv.com/desperate-hwa/|archive-date=June 28, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://afkinsider.com/94803/desperate-housewives-africa-to-debut-in-44-countries/|title=Desperate housewives Africa to debut in 44 countries.|date=April 21, 2015|access-date=March 5, 2024|archive-date=August 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817060757/http://afkinsider.com/94803/desperate-housewives-africa-to-debut-in-44-countries/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2013/10/30/desperate-housewives-africa-to-premiere-next-summer.html|title=Desperate Housewives Africa to premiere this summer.|website=[[BET]]}}</ref> == Ganaral manaja == * Giovanni Mastrangelo == Wanda ya kirkira == * Marc Cherry == Wanda aka kirkira kuma ya rubuta == * Marc Cherry == Wanda aka rubuta == * Marc Cherry * Jason Ganzel * Jenna Ban * Joshua Senter * Dahvi Waller * Kevin Etten * Brian Tanen * Alexandra Cunningham * Bob Daily * John Pardee * Joey Murphy * Wendy Mericle * Matt Berry * Kevin Murphy * Tom Spezialy * Jeff Greenstein * Joe Keenan * Jamie Gorenberg * David Flebotte * Marco Pennette ne adam wata * David Schladweiler * Chuck Ranberg * Anne Flett-Giordano * Susan Nirah Jaffee * Chris Black * Lori Kirkland Baker * John Paul Bullock III * Cindy Appel * Christian McLaughlin * Peter Lefcourt * Jeffrey Richman ne adam wata * Jim Lincoln * Scott Sanford Tobis * Valerie Ahern ne adam wata * Brian A. Alexander * Patty Lin * Tracey Stern * Adamu Barr * Alan Cross * Katie Ford * Ellen Herman * David Schulner * Oliver Goldstick * Sheila R. Lawrence * Valerie Brotski ne adam wata * Bruce Zimmerman * Sara Parriott * Josann McGibbon * Annie Weisman == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://ebonylifetv.com/desperate-hwa/}} * {{IMDb title|5172362}} * {{Twitter}} * Desperate Housewives Africa on Facebook == Nassoshi == ntxtna4l1np73yjpikfxyqqgmnk9d4h 0 74457 839385 394860 2026-05-23T16:03:47Z Em-mustapha 6594 Em-mustapha moved page [[Yukren na ci da wuta (littafin 1966)]] to [[Ukraine on fire (novel 1966)]] without leaving a redirect 394860 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles>Anda {{Infobox book|author=[[Oleksandr Dovzhenko]]|language=[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|published=1966|genre={{ill|Кіноповість|uk |lt=cinema novel}}}} '''''Yukren na ci da wuta''''' ({{lang-uk|Україна в огні}}) littafin nobel ne na sinima, wanda Oleksandr Dovzhenko ya rubuta akan abubuwan da suka faru a yakin duniya na biyu a Yukren, rayuwar iyalin kauye da kuma manoma talakawa. == Tarihin Rubutu da Wallafawa == [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] m4f57x5vk9zbhhm5kn5ldi5vdgcztx8 839386 839385 2026-05-23T16:05:12Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ m 839386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ukraine on fire''' da ''Hausa'' '''''Ukraine na ci da wuta''''' (Україна в огні) littafin nobel ne na sinima, wanda Oleksandr Dovzhenko ya rubuta akan abubuwan da suka faru a yakin duniya na biyu a Yukren, rayuwar iyalin kauye da kuma manoma talakawa. == Tarihin Rubutu da Wallafawa == [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] p9lt3uhfkybwoewopdqoz0dqoe2qc5r 839387 839386 2026-05-23T16:05:39Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ m 839387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ukraine on fire''' da ''Hausa'' '''''Ukraine na ci da wuta''''' (Україна в огні) littafin nobel ne na sinima, wanda Oleksandr Dovzhenko ya rubuta akan abubuwan da suka faru a yakin duniya na biyu a Yukren, rayuwar iyalin kauye da kuma manoma talakawa. == Tarihin Rubutu da Wallafawa == [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] krmzbulc6pzcbra18y7bb8ojoqv8juv 0 75779 839367 741764 2026-05-23T15:33:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839367 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person|name=Charity Chiamaka Ekezie|birth_place=[[Nigeria]]|alma_mater=[[Nnamdi Azikiwe University]]|module={{Infobox TikTok personality|embed=yes|name=Charity Ekezie|followers=3.1M|likes=73.4M|page_display_name=Charityekezie|page=charityekezie|stats_update=November 29, 2023}}|occupation=Nigeria}}'''Charity Ekezie''' yar [[Najeriya]] [[TikTok|TikToker]] ce kuma yar jarida.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Thomas-Odia |first=Ijeoma |date=2023-01-28 |title=Charity Ekezie: I never experienced racism until I joined Tiktok |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/charity-ekezie-i-never-experienced-racism-until-i-joined-tiktok/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Ekezie ta girma a [[Douala|Douala, Kamaru]], inda ta yi kuruciyarta kuma ta yi karatun firamare. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Onibada |first=Ade |date=15 July 2022 |title=African Influencers Hope Khaby Lame's Rise Will Mean That Global Success Is Attainable For More Of Them |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/adeonibada/khaby-lame-and-elsa-majimbo-the-top-african-tik-tok |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en}}</ref> Ta koma Najeriya a 2001, tana da shekaru 10.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Cheong |first=Charissa |title=As a TikToker living in Nigeria, I was constantly exposed to ignorant comments. Now I use humor to show my followers how wrong they are about life in Africa. |url=https://www.insider.com/tiktoker-charity-ekezie-debunks-harmful-stereotypes-about-africa-2022-8 |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta samu digiri a fannin sadarwa a jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe . <ref name=":0"/> == Sana'a == Ekezie ya yi aiki a gidan rediyo na tsawon shekaru uku da rabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erro |first=Carlos Bajo |date=2022-04-16 |title=Charity Ekezie: humor y Tik Tok contra los estereotipos sobre África |url=https://elpais.com/planeta-futuro/2022-04-16/charity-ekezie-humor-y-tik-tok-contra-los-estereotipos-sobre-africa.html |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=El País |language=es}}</ref> Hakanan tana da ƴan kasuwancin kan layi, waɗanda ba su aiki tun 2020. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Harun |date=2022-03-30 |title=Meet Nigerian TikTok Star Charity Ekezie |url=https://careerfodder.com/2022/03/30/meet-nigerian-tiktok-star-charity-ekezie/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Career Fodder |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602022128/https://careerfodder.com/2022/03/30/meet-nigerian-tiktok-star-charity-ekezie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta shiga TikTok a cikin 2020 saboda gajiya da [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|cutar ta COVID-19]] ta haifar. <ref name=":0"/> Bidiyon ta na farko da ta fara yaduwa ya hada da sanye da kayan gargajiya daga kasashen Afirka da dama. Lokacin da ta fara samun maganganun jahilci a kan bidiyon, ta yanke shawarar mayar musu da martani cikin zagi. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2022 |title=The Cultural Frontline - How is TikTok changing culture? - BBC Sounds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w3ct37rx |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, abubuwan da ke cikin Ekezie sun fi mayar da hankali kan gyara kuskuren Afirka. Wani faifan bidiyo da Ekezie ya shaida wa masu kallo cewa ‘yan Afirka na shan [[Yawu|leda]] saboda rashin ruwa, yayin da suke rike da kwalbar ruwa; <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":5" /> wani bidiyo yana gaya wa masu kallo cewa Afirka ƙasa ɗaya ce wadda babban birninta shine Wakanda . Ekezie ya kuma soki TikTok saboda rashin fadada shirin Asusun Mahaliccin su ga masu amfani da Afirka, ma'ana TikTokers na Afirka ba za su iya samun kuɗi daga bidiyon su ba. <ref name=":5" /> Tun daga Janairu 2023, 60% na mabiyan Ekezie suna cikin Amurka. <ref name=":0"/> A watan Yuli 2022 Ekezie yana da mabiya miliyan 1.2; Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2023 wannan ya karu zuwa sama da miliyan biyu. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odesomi |first=Omowumi |date=2023-02-21 |title=Biggest Social Media Influencers In Africa |url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/55391-2/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=African Leadership Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ekezie ta ce tana son komawa aikin jarida a matsayin sana’ar nan gaba. <ref name=":4"/> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin Disamba 2022, NPR ta kirga Ekezie a matsayin ɗayan manyan asusun TikTok na duniya. A cikin Janairu 2023, an ayyana Ekezie a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu don lambar yabo ta TikTok na Babban Mahalicci 2022 a yankin Saharar Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-15 |title=TikTok Unveils The First Creators To Win #TopCreator2022 Awards in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/whatsnew-entertainment-celebrity-gist-and-so-on/tiktok-unveils-the-first-creators-to-win-topcreator2022-awards-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411162945/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/whatsnew-entertainment-celebrity-gist-and-so-on/tiktok-unveils-the-first-creators-to-win-topcreator2022-awards-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ekezie yana iya magana da [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da [[Faransanci]] . Tana da kanne biyu. <ref name=":0"/> Ta sha fama da cin zarafi a tsawon rayuwarta, kuma ta sami [[Matsalar damuwa|damuwa]] a sakamakon haka. <ref name=":4"/> A shekarar 2022, tana zaune a [[Abuja|Abuja, Nigeria.]] <ref name=":3"/> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://charityekezie.com Official website]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Charity Ekezie on Instagram * Charity Ekezie on TikTok == Magana == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] jt4lqachl7edhfon7ksoun5n4p9pzw6 0 76376 839412 704841 2026-05-23T16:56:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chierika "Coco" Ukogu,''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Oktoba a shikara ta 1992) 'yar asalin Amurka ce. A lokacin FISA African Olympic Qualification Regatta na 2015, ta cancanci wakiltar [[Najeriya]] a gasar Olympics ta 2016 a [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]], wanda ya sa ta zama 'yar [[Najeriya]] ta farko da ta cimma irin wannan nasarar.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/video-nigerias-first-olympic-rower-coco-speaks-preparation/|title=Video: Nigeria's first Olympic rower, Coco Speaks on her preparation|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard News]]|date=23 July 2016|accessdate=24 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/01/14/mt-st-joseph-academy-grad-to-row-in-olympics/|title=Mt. St. Joseph Academy grad to row in Olympics|work=Chestnut Hill Local|last=Mazzaccaro|first=Pete|date=14 January 2016|accessdate=24 July 2016|archive-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815192927/http://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/2016/01/14/mt-st-joseph-academy-grad-to-row-in-olympics/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://rowglobal.com/2016/02/05/the-game-of-persistence/|title=The Game of Persistence|work=Row Global|last=Martschenko|first=Daphne|date=5 February 2016|accessdate=24 July 2016|archive-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115063529/http://rowglobal.com/2016/02/05/the-game-of-persistence/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Don yin gasa a Rio, ta tara $ 15,000 ta hanyar shafinta na GoFundMe kuma ta ci gaba da kaiwa ga wasan kusa da na karshe na C / D, zagaye na rikici wanda ba lambar yabo ba; bayan ta sanya ta 5 a cikin rukuni.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37144514|title=Rio 2016: The rower, the rapper and the mistaken Nigerian Olympic medal|work=[[BBC]]|date=20 August 2016|accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/08/rioolympics2016-chierika-ukogu-wont-be-competing-for-medals-at-the-womens-rowing-semifinals/|title=#RioOlympics2016: Chierika Ukogu Won't be Competing for Medals at the Women's Rowing Semifinals|work=[[BellaNaija]]|date=10 August 2016|accessdate=6 October 2016}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] i524zwu1vcxyswa1xmt7gxrzi3w2m0d 0 76752 839545 407839 2026-05-24T01:37:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cynthia Jane Naa-Koshie Lamptey''' lauya ce kuma ma'aikaciyar gwamnati. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Masu Shari'a a karkashin gwamnatin [[John Mahama|John Dramani Mahama]] . An zabi ta kuma daga baya aka nada ta mataimakiyar mai gabatar da kara ta musamman ta Ghana a shekarar 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nana Names Amidu Special Prosecutor - Daily Guide Africa |url=http://dailyguideafrica.com/nana-names-amidu-special-prosecutor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115184617/http://dailyguideafrica.com/nana-names-amidu-special-prosecutor/ |archive-date=January 15, 2018 |access-date=2018-01-15 |website=dailyguideafrica.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-12 |title=ynthia-lamptey-deputy-special-prosecutor |url=https://pinkfmonlinegh.com/cynthia-lamptey-deputy-special-prosecutor/}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai gabatar da kara na musamman na Ghana bayan murabus din mai gabatar da kasa na musamman na lokacin, Martin Amidu a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2020, har zuwa nadin Kissi Agyebeng a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2021. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Lamptey a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1959, a Adabraka, [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] . Lamptey ta fara karatunta na yau da kullun a makarantar New Era Preparatory School a Tudu, Accra, daga 1965 zuwa 1966. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Ghana Primary School Legon, daga 1966 zuwa 1972, inda ta zauna don jarrabawar shiga ta a shekarar 1972. Daga 1971 zuwa 1977, ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Aburi Girls a Aburi, inda ta sami takardar shaidar G.C.E. 'O'. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Mata ta Mfantsiman, inda ta sami G.C.E. 'A' Level Certificate a shekarar 1979. Daga nan Lamptey ta ci gaba da karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Ma'aikata ta Jami'ar Ghana, inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Shari'a da zamantakewa a shekarar 1980. Ta ci gaba da karatun shari'a a Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana kuma an kira ta zuwa Ghana Bar a watan Maris na shekara ta 1988. == Rayuwar aiki == Lamptey lauya ce ta sana'a, ta fara ne a matsayin Ma'aikaciyar Ma'aikata ta Kasa a Kungiyar Tsaro ta Jama'a daga Oktoba 1987 zuwa Yuli 1988. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Lauyan Jiha a Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Sashen Babban Lauyan a Accra da Koforidua daga Agusta 1989 zuwa Afrilu 2015. A shekara ta 1995 ta zama lauya ta jihar a Sashen Babban Lauyan kuma ta tashi cikin matsayi har sai da aka nada ta Darakta na Masu gabatar da kara a lokacin gwamnatin John Mahama . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martin Amidu to get Cynthia Lamptey as deputy Special Prosecutor? {{!}} GhanaNet |url=http://ghananet.com.gh/2018/01/12/martin-amidu-to-get-cynthia-lamptey-as-deputy-special-prosecutor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081044/http://ghananet.com.gh/2018/01/12/martin-amidu-to-get-cynthia-lamptey-as-deputy-special-prosecutor/ |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |access-date=2018-01-15 |website=ghananet.com.gh |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na babban mai gabatar da kara a kasar, ta gudanar da manyan tuhume-tuhume da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiedu-Dartey |first=Martin |title=KKD's 'rape' victim didn't write her letter – State Prosecutor doubts |url=http://tv3network.com/entertainment-world/kkd-s-rape-victim-did-not-write-her-letter-state-prosecutor-doubts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080903/http://tv3network.com/entertainment-world/kkd-s-rape-victim-did-not-write-her-letter-state-prosecutor-doubts |archive-date=8 March 2019 |access-date=2018-01-15 |website=tv3network.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin gurfanar da ta yi sun hada da shari'ar da ake zargi da satar miliyan 86.9 da wani Babban Darakta na Shirin Sabis na Kasa da kuma gurfanarwar aikata laifuka na Alfred Agbesi Woyome . Alfred Woyome, sanannen mai ba da kuɗi na Majalisar Dattijai ta Kasa, kotun Ghana ta tuhume shi da karɓar bashin shari'ar cedi miliyan 52 a kan Ghana.[4] A shekara ta 2014, ta gurfanar da mata biyu na Ghana wadanda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da cocaine zuwa Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-28 |title=Two female accomplices of Nayele Ametefeh remanded |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/two-female-accomplices-of-nayele-ametefeh-remanded.html}}</ref> Bayan shekaru 20 na hidima ga al'umma, ta bar sashen a shekarar 2015. [4] Yvonne Attakorah Obuobisa ce ta maye gurbin ta.[1] Bayan aikinta a matsayin mai gabatar da kara, an nada ta a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Hukumar Taimako ta Shari'a daga Satumba 2015 zuwa Afrilu 2017. Kafin nadin ta a matsayin mataimakiyar Mai gabatar da kara na musamman na Ghana, ta kasance Mataimakin Babban Mai Rijista a Sashen Babban Mai Rijiya. == Mataimakin Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman na Ghana == A watan Janairun 2018, bayan nadin Martin Amidu a matsayin mai gabatar da kara na musamman na farko na Ghana, kafofin watsa labarai na Ghana sun fara buga sunan Cynthia Lamptey a matsayin mataimakinsa. <ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Martin Amidu to get Cynthia Lamptey as deputy Special Prosecutor? |url=http://ghana.shafaqna.com/EN/GH/331060 |access-date=2018-01-15 |website=ghana.shafaqna.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cynthia Lamptey ta yi aiki a karkashin Martin Amidu lokacin da wannan ya kasance Babban Lauyan a cikin gwamnatin John Atta Mills . Ofishin Mai gabatar da kara na Musamman ne [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Gwamnatin Nana Addo Dankwa Akuffo-Addo]] ta kirkireshi a cikin 2017 tare da manufar ba da damar gurfanar da 'yan siyasa da mutanen da ke da alaƙa da jam'iyyun siyasa ko membobinsu waɗanda ake la'akari da cin hanci da rashawa.[1] Bayan an nada ta, an nada ta mataimakiyar mai gabatar da kara ta musamman a shekarar 2018. Daga nan sai ta zama mutum na farko da ya zama mataimakin mai gabatar da kara na musamman na Ghana.[3] Yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Mai gabatar da kara na musamman na Ghana bayan mai gabatar da kasa na musamman na lokacin, Martin Amidu ya yi murabus a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 2020. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] kobr1259q3r4ppa11ea4l9uut11h60l 0 77838 839532 415408 2026-05-23T23:51:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Colleen S. De Reuck''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964 a Vryheid, Kwazulu-Natal) 'yar tsere ce mai nisa daga [[Afirka ta Kudu]], wacce ta zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a ranar 11 ga Disamba 2000. Ta yi aiki na dogon lokaci, tana gudana a cikin shekaru arba'in, kuma ta yi jimlar bayyanuwa hudu a Wasannin Olympics na bazara. Ta kasance mai fure kuma babbar nasara ta farko ta zo ne a 1995 da 1996, lokacin da ta lashe Honolulu Marathon na Berlin Marathon . Duk da bayyanar da yawa a gasar Olympics ta bazara da kuma gasar zakarun duniya ta IAAF a wasan motsa jiki, lambobin yabo ba su taɓa zuwa hanya ba. Ta hanyar lashe gasar Olympics, ta kuma kasance Gasar Cin Kofin Kasa ta Amurka ta 2004 a Marathon . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=USA Track & Field - USA Outdoor Track & Field Champions |url=http://www.legacy.usatf.org/statistics/champions/USAMarathon/women.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221084349/http://www.legacy.usatf.org/statistics/champions/USAMarathon/women.aspx |archive-date=21 December 2019 |access-date=2022-09-08 |publisher=Legacy.usatf.org}}</ref> Kwanaki goma kawai kafin ta shiga cikin rukunin Masters, ta karya rikodin Trials mai shekaru 16, kuma ta kayar da lambar tagulla ta Olympics, Deena Kastor a cikin tsari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2008 |title=Women's Olympic Trials and Marathon Results |url=https://www.runnersworld.com/olympic-trials/olympic-trials-and-marathon-results-0}}</ref> Bayan da ta canja wurin don yin gasa ga [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekara ta 2000 ta lashe manyan lambobin yabo na farko na duniya, ta dauki tagulla da azurfa na mutum a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IAAF ta 2002. Wata kungiya ta tagulla ta zo a gasar zakarun shekara mai zuwa kuma ta lashe gasar zakarar Amurka ta 2004 da 2005. Ta ci gaba da gudu kuma ta gama ta uku a Houston Half Marathon a shekara ta 2009, ta gama a 1:12:14 .<ref>[http://results.active.com/pages/searchform.jsp?rsID=74711 2009 Chevron Houston Marathon, Aramco Houston Half Marathon, EP5K and ABB Team Challenge – Half Marathon]. Houston Marathon. Retrieved on 2010-03-02.</ref> == Ayyuka == === Afirka ta Kudu === De Reuck ta fara fafatawa da Afirka ta Kudu kuma ta fara fitowa a wasannin Olympics na 1992 a wasannin Barcelona, inda ta kammala ta tara a tseren Marathon. Ta gwada hannunta a rabin marathon, wanda ya haifar da nasara a City-Pier-City Loop a 1993 da kuma matsayi na huɗu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta IAAF ta 1995. Ta kuma lashe Honolulu Marathon a wannan shekarar tare da lokaci na 2:37:29. A shekara ta 1996 ta lashe Lilac Bloomsday Run, Berlin Marathon, da kuma taron kasa na Yurocross a [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]].<ref>Civai, Franco & Gasparovic, Juraj (28 February 2009). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_DiekirchXC.htm Eurocross 10.2 km (men) + 5.3 km (women)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506235147/https://www.arrs.run/HP_DiekirchXC.htm |date=2019-05-06 }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2010-03-01.</ref> Ta yi wasanta na biyu a gasar Olympics a tseren mita 10,000, inda ta dauki matsayi na 13 a gasar Olympics ta Atlanta ta 1996.&nbsp; Farkon bayyanarta a matakin zakarun duniya ya zo ne a Gasar Zakarun Duniya ta 1997 a cikin Wasanni kuma ta gama a matsayi na takwas a wasan karshe na Mita 10,000. A gasar zakarun duniya ta IAAF ta 1998 ta gama a matsayi na 15 gabaɗaya a tseren mata na dogon lokaci. Bayan da ta rasa damar da ta samu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1999 a Wasanni, ta wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a gasar Olympics a karo na uku da na karshe, amma ta gudanar a matsayi na 31 a gasar mata tare da lokacin 2:36:58. === Shigar zuwa Amurka === Bayan ta yi canjin ƙasa, De Reuck ta fara fitowa ga "Team USA" a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2002 a [[Dublin|Dublin, Ireland]], inda ta kammala ta uku gabaɗaya (27:17) kuma ta taimaka wa tawagar Amurka zuwa lambar azurfa. A shekara mai zuwa ta gama a matsayi na bakwai a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2003, ta taimaka wa tawagar Amurka zuwa lambar tagulla. Ta yi wasanta na huɗu kuma na karshe a Wasannin Olympics na Athens na 2004. Ta gama a matsayi na 39 a cikin marathon, yayin da abokin aikin Amurka Deena Kastor ya lashe lambar tagulla. Ta lashe gasar zakarun Amurka sau biyu a jere a 2004 da 2005. De Reuck ta wakilci Amurka sau biyu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya, ta kammala a matsayi na 13 a shekara ta 2005, kuma ta 33 a gasar ta karshe a shekara ta 2006 tana da shekaru 41. Mazaunin Boulder, Colorado De Reuck tsohon Mai riƙe da rikodin duniya ne a Mil 10 (51:16, wanda aka saita a Cherry Blossom Ten Mile Run) da kilomita 20 (1:05:11 New Haven). &nbsp;Ta kasance ta huɗu a Marathon na Chicago na 2005 a cikin 2:28:40, rikodin masters na Amurka. A 2009 Boston Marathon a shekara 45, ta gama 8th gabaɗaya, ta doke wanda ya lashe W40 da minti daya kuma mai fafatawa na gaba a cikin nata rukuni da minti 14.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boston Marathon 2009 -- Top Finishers |url=http://www.bostonmarathon.org/2009/cf/public/TopFinishers.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323044842/http://www.bostonmarathon.org/2009/cf/public/TopFinishers.htm |archive-date=23 March 2010 |access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref> Kwanaki tara da suka gabata ta gudu 2:32:37 a Twin Cities Marathon a St. Paul, Minnesota ta doke rikodin W45 na Amurka da aka jera sama da minti 6.<ref>http://www.mtcmarathon.org/Upload/documents/2009%20Masters%20Results.pdf{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta gudu a Falmouth Road Race a [[Massachusetts]] a watan Agustan 2010 kuma ta dauki matsayi na biyar a matsayin Ba'amurke na farko da ya wuce layin.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/WHM10/news/kind=100/newsid=57997.html Gebremariam and Yimer the winners in Falmouth]. [[IAAF]] (16 August 2010). Retrieved on 2010-08-16.</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta gudu a cikin Marathon na Copenhagen a Denmark kuma ta sanya 1st a cikin 2:30:51, minti 8 a gaban abokin hamayyarta mafi kusa. A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, de Reuck ya gudu a gasar Olympics ta Amurka ta 2012, inda ya kammala a 2:38:52. Ta yi saurin 13:14 a bayan mai cin nasara na mata Shalane Flanagan . Lokacinta ya kasance mai kyau don kammala matsayi na 35 daga cikin 152. Bayan aikinta na musamman de Reuck ta fara horar da Boulder Striders da kuma horo na sirri. An shigar da ita cikin Hall of Fame na Wasanni na Boulder (Colorado) a shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-29 |title=Mike Sandrock: An inspiring trio to be inducted into Boulder Sports Hall of Fame |url=https://www.dailycamera.com/ci_31840727/mike-sandrock-an-inspiring-trio-be-inducted-into |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Boulder Daily Camera |language=en-US}}</ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == {| {{AchievementTable}} |- ! colspan="6" | Representing {{RSA}} |- | 1992 | [[Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] | [[Barcelona, Spain]] | 9th | Marathon | [[Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|2:39:03]] |- | 1993 | [[City-Pier-City Loop]] | [[The Hague, Netherlands]] | style="background:gold;"| 1st | Half Marathon | 1:10:50 |- | 1995 | [[Honolulu Marathon]] | [[Honolulu, Hawaii]] | style="background:gold;"| 1st | Marathon | 2:37:29 |- | rowspan=2|1996 |[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Atlanta]], United States |13th |10,000 m |32:14.69 |- | [[Berlin Marathon]] | [[Berlin, Germany]] | style="background:gold;"| 1st | Marathon | 2:26:35 |- | 2000 | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] | [[Sydney]], Australia | 31st | Marathon | [[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|2:36:48]] |- ! colspan="6" | Representing the {{USA}} |- | rowspan=2 | 2002 | rowspan=2 | [[2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Dublin, Ireland]] | style="background:#c96;"| 3rd | Cross | Individual |- | style="background:silver;"| 2nd | Cross | Team |- | 2003 | [[2003 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]] | [[Lausanne, Switzerland]] | style="background:#c96;"| 3rd | Cross | Team |- | 2004 | [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] | [[Athens, Greece]] | 39th | Marathon | [[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|2:46:30]] |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i6i1e2jfvcevshwf834mmh4r66mvoop 0 80186 839483 643050 2026-05-23T20:10:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Bible_Institute_of_South_Africa_Centenary_Logo_2023.jpg|thumb|Alamar BISA Centenary 2023]] [[Fayil:1928_BISA_&_AEB_students.jpg|thumb|Daliban BISA a kusa da 1928, Mowbray, Cape Town]] [[Fayil:Bible_Institute_of_South_Africa_logo_created_by_Kathy_Clare_Noland.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta Afirka ta Kudu, wacce aka kafa a 1923 kuma tana cikin Cape Town.]] [[Fayil:The_Bible_Institute_of_South_Africa_in_Kalk_Bay_Cape_Town.jpg|thumb|Dubi ƙauyen Kalk Bay da tashar jiragen ruwa daga Boyes Drive]] '''Cibiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta Afirka ta Kudu''' kwalejin Littafi Mai-Msarki ce ta Bishara da ke kan iyakar False Bay a Kalk Bay, Cape Town a Afirka ta Kudu. Kwalejin tana da dalibai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka, da kuma daga Turai, Asiya da Arewacin Amurka. BISA <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bible Institute of South Africa: History |url=https://www.bisa.org.za/index.php/about-us-and-our-statements/history// |access-date=2024-06-24 |archive-date=2022-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108211940/https://www.bisa.org.za/index.php/about-us-and-our-statements/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> kwalejin horar da Littafi Mai-Tsarki ne wanda ba na addini ba. Ma'aikata da dalibai suna fitowa ne daga ƙungiyoyin coci da ke kewaye da su a SA da kuma duniya, maimakon ƙungiya ɗaya, kamar yadda za a sa ran a cikin Seminary. Hanyar da abubuwan da ke cikin binciken shine Christocentric kuma yana amfani da tarihin Furotesta da Reformational hermeneutic a cikin fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Halin koyarwa yana da sau biyu, ba kawai don ba da ilimi ba, amma don ɗaukar wannan ilimin kuma amfani da shi a ci gaban ƙwarewa da halin da ɗalibin ke buƙata don zama mai tasiri a rayuwa da sabis. Sakamakon kowane dalibi shine ya iya yin tunani da hankali, a bayyane kuma mai mahimmanci game da batutuwan rayuwa ta hanyar da ke cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da ɗorewa a cikin mahallin bauta wa wasu a cikin addinai da yawa, al'adu da al'ummomin duniya. Kwalejin tana aiki a matsayin al'umma a cikin zama, raba karatun, abinci, tarurruka da lokutan addu'a tare. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1923 BISA ya horar da maza da mata sama da dubu biyu a cikin batutuwa daban-daban ciki har da Hermeneutics, Littafi Mai-Tsarki da Tsarin tauhidi, Koyarwar Nassi, Nazarin Tsohon Alkawari da Sabon Alkawari, Ontology, Tunanin Kirista da Ibrananci da Harsunan Littafi Mai-Hellenanci. == Tarihi == A farkon karni na 20 ilimin tauhidin a Afirka ta Kudu yana samuwa ne kawai a jami'o'i. A cikin shekarun 1920 shugabannin coci guda uku, Rev. Marsh, Rev. Douglas da Rev. Dr J. R. L. Kingon FRSE, sun damu da sadaukar da koyarwar Littafi Mai-Tsarki a cikin sassan tauhidi na lokacin. Tare da wannan a zuciya sun ba da shawarar ba da farfesa a fannin tauhidi a ɗayan jami'o'in Afirka ta Kudu. Manufar su ita ce ƙirƙirar horo na ilimi mai inganci - a matakin digiri - don samar da Ikklisiyoyi a Afirka ta Kudu tare da maza da mata da aka sanye su don fuskantar ƙalubalen duniya bayan yakin. Koyaya, saboda tasirin tauhidin masu sassaucin ra'ayi, burinsu ya gaza. Daga baya suka koma kafa kwaleji inda za a koyar da koyarwar bishara na Littafi Mai-Tsarki don haka a 1923 sun kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Littafi Mai-Msarki ta Afirka ta Kudu. An ba da aji na farko a Mowbray a yankin Cape Peninsula . Nan da nan kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II Cibiyar ta koma Kalk Bay, kuma ta ci gaba zuwa harabar yanzu inda B.Th. Shirin ya sami amincewar Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu kan Ilimi mafi girma don hulɗa da hanyoyin nesa. 2023 alama ce ta Cibiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta Afirka ta Kudu. == Darussa da Takaddun shaida == Darussan zama sun hada da Bachelor of Theology, BTh (CHE da aka amince da shi) tare da Bachelor of theology (Honours), BTh (Hons) wanda kuma CHE da aka yarda da shi da kuma Christian Foundations Gap-Year (ba a amince da shi ba). Shirye-shiryen dalibai da ba a harabar makarantar ba sun haɗa da Shirin Koyon Koyarwa na nesa - Bachelor of Theology, BTh (CHE da aka amince da shi). BISA kuma tana gudanar da Shirin Jagorancin Kirista na ɗan lokaci, CLP (ba a amince da shi ba). Darussan zama sun haɗa da kwarewar hidima ta mako-mako da kuma Bayar da Al'umma na mako guda, wanda ake gudanarwa a kowace shekara a watan Maris.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BISA Course Accreditation |url=https://www.bisa.org.za/index.php/study-at-bisa-aka-academics/accreditation// |access-date=2024-06-24 |archive-date=2022-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108035110/https://www.bisa.org.za/index.php/study-at-bisa-aka-academics/accreditation |url-status=dead }}</ref>MA a cikin fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki: A cikin 2020, masu fassarar Littafi-Tsarka guda bakwai daga Kudancin Afirka sun yi rajista don karatun digiri na biyu a cikin fassara Littafi Mai-Msarki. Wycliffe Bible Translators ne suka haɓaka kuma suka ba da kayan digiri. BISA ta ba da laima na wucin gadi na amincewa wanda ya biyo bayan izini ta Association for Christian Theological Education in Africa (ACTEA). A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, BISA ta dauki bakuncin kammala karatun farko na ɗaliban Wycliffe Makarantar hunturu ta BISA da ake gudanarwa a kowace shekara a watan Yuni / Yuli tana buɗewa ga shugabannin coci da ma'aikata kuma tana ba da darussan da masana kimiyya da masu bincike na duniya suka koyar a cikin takamaiman fannonin su. Masu magana da baƙi sun haɗa da Darrell Bock <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Darrell Bock |url=https://www.dts.edu/people/dbock/// |access-date=2024-06-24 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021065453/https://www.dts.edu/people/dbock/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Doug Moo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr.Douglas Moo |url=https://www.wheaton.edu/academics/faculty/douglas-moo//}}</ref> Craig Blomberg, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Craig Blomberg |url=https://denverseminary.edu/}}</ref> Greg Cook <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Greg Cook |url=https://www.ccbcfamily.org/staff/greg-cook/?cn-reloaded=1//}}</ref> George H Guthrie <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr George H Guthrie |url=https://georgehguthrie.com/aboutgeorgehguthrie//}}</ref> da Bill Mounce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr.William Mounce |url=http://biblicalelearning.org/authors/dr-bill-mounce//}}</ref> Abokan aiki biyu suna tafiya a kowace shekara zuwa Afirka don yin lacca a cikin shirin CLP a harabar; Robert W. Yarbrough da Fasto Bill Shields Ana gudanar da darussan a harabar a cikin shirin zama da kuma nesa a cikin Shirin Koyon nesa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Robert W. Yarbrough |url=https://www.covenantseminary.edu/faculty/bob-yarbrough/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rev Bill Shields |url=https://www.flcprinceton.org/meet-our-staff.html/}}</ref> Dukkanin shirye-shiryen suna amfani da Tsarin Gudanar da Koyon CANVAS ban da software na B-SIS da aka haɓaka a kan layi.''B-SIS a kan layi.'' A watan Maris na 2020 biyo bayan umarnin shugaban kasa saboda annobar COVID-19, duk darussan sun yi ƙaura zuwa karatun kan layi. Tare da canje-canje na gaba a cikin matsayin kulle-kulle na SA, darussan sun ci gaba a cikin hulɗa da yanayin nesa. Kwalejin ta kafa 'African Recording Studio' inda malamai suka yi rikodin kuma suka gabatar da azuzuwan a ainihin lokacin ga ɗaliban zama na harabar da na nesa. == Matsayi na farko == Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta 1923, Cibiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta nada Shugabannin goma sha ɗaya - * Alfred Daintree (1923-38); * Joseph Ward (1939); * Arthur Taylor (1940-45); * Stuart Law (1945-53); * Sandy Gilfillan (1953-1959); * Murdo Gordon (1960-81); * Clive Tyler (1981-1994); * Bryan Williams (1995-1999); * Tom Austin (2000-04); * Raymond Potgieter (2006-11); * Daniel Simango (2014 - har zuwa yau) Shugaban yanzu, Zimbabwe wanda aka haifa Dr Daniel Simango, yana da lasisi a cikin tauhidin (LTh) daga Cibiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta Afirka ta Kudu (2000), BA a cikin tauhidi (Cum Laude), BA Honours a cikin tauhidodi daga Jami'ar Potchefstroom don Ilimi mafi Girma na Kirista (2002), da MA a Tsohon Alkawari daga Jami'iyyar Arewa maso Yamma (2006). A shekara ta 2011, an ba Daniel PhD a Tsohon Alkawari daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma. Yana ba da lacca ga Tsohon Alkawari da darussan Ibrananci ga ɗaliban digiri na farko kuma yana kula da ɗaliban digiri a cikin karatun Tsohon Alkahira. Kwalejin kwalejin ta kunshi malamai na cikakken lokaci da na ɗan lokaci daga Afirka ta Kudu da sauran ƙasashe. Cibiyar ta shiga yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Duniya a cikin 1997 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission to the World |url=https://www.mtw.org//}}</ref> - hukumar aika mishan ta Cocin Presbyterian a Amurka - dangane da abin da yawancin malaman MTW suka shiga Faculty. A cikin 2021 Kwamitin Daraktocin BISA ya kafa kujerar Augustine na tauhidin gyare-gyare. Wannan kujera a halin yanzu tana hannun Mista Sizwe Maseti MTh (cum laude) Jami'ar Stellenbosch. Cibiyar Littafi Mai-Tsarki ta Afirka ta Kudu tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da hukumomin mishan da yawa waɗanda ke ba wa ɗalibai damar samun digiri da kuma bayan kammala karatun suyi aiki a al'adu a cikin al'umma. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {https://www.bisa.org.za/ shafin yanar gizon BISA} * [https://aimint.org/za/ Ofishin Jakadancin Afirka ta Kudu (AIM)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814121648/https://aimint.org/za/ |date=2022-08-14 }} * [https://www.wycliffe.org/ Masu fassara Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Wycliffe] * [http://www.sim.org/ SIM International Home ta hanyar Kamfanin Jakadancin SIM.org] * [https://www.mukhanyo.ac.za/ Gidan yanar gizon Kwalejin tauhidin MUKHANYO] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3uvf90hsx1ftb1l29p6d5k66wc0xr7s 0 80307 839604 615303 2026-05-24T07:45:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Selling newspaper space; how to develop local advertising (IA sellingnewspaper00chasrich).pdf|thumb|jarida mai wannan taken]] '''Determined to Develop''' mai rijista 501 (c) (3) Amurka sadaka aiki a [[Malawi|Malawi, Afirka]]. An ƙaddara don Ci gaba yana aiki daga yankin Cilumba a cikin Gundumar Karonga ta Arewacin Malawi. Wanda ya kafa shi Matt Maroon ne ya kafa ƙaddara don Ci gaba a cikin 2009 a matsayin hanyar taimakawa mutanen Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Determined to Develop |url=http://determinedtodevelop.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201092549/http://www.determinedtodevelop.org/about-us/ |archive-date=1 February 2016 |access-date=1 July 2018 |publisher=www.determinedtodevelop.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Avon Lake graduate bringing education to Malawi, Africa |url=https://chroniclet.com/news/173913/avon-lake-graduate-bringing-education-to-malawi-africa/ |access-date=2019-12-19 |website=chroniclet.com |language=en}}</ref> == Sanarwar manufa == Don karfafawa, ta hanyar ilimi, mutanen Malawi su zama wakilai na ci gaba ga iyalansu, al'ummomi, ƙasa, da duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Determined to Develop |url=https://www.determinedtodevelop.org/ |access-date=2019-12-23 |website=Determined to Develop |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ƙaddamar da Ci gaba a cikin 2009 ta hanyar wanda ya kafa Matt Maroon wanda ya zauna a Malawi tun shekara ta 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawi Research Practicum on Rights & Development |url=https://www.udayton.edu/artssciences/academics/politicalscience/oaa/malawi/index.php |access-date=1 July 2018 |publisher=[[University of Dayton]] |archive-date=3 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103140357/https://udayton.edu/artssciences/academics/politicalscience/oaa/malawi/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin ɗan adam, Matt ya koma wani yanki na ƙauye na Malawi kuma ya fara kafa tushe don ayyukan ƙasa, haɗin gwiwa tare da mutanen Malawi da haɗa kai da al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thrasher |first=Don |last2=Alex Perry |first2=Contributing Writer |title=5 things to know about Malawi Music Fest |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/events/things-know-about-malawi-music-fest/Q6HjqPxjKxXbbQWtBHnnII/ |access-date=2019-12-19 |website=daytondailynews |language=English |archive-date=2019-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.daytondailynews.com/events/things-know-about-malawi-music-fest/Q6HjqPxjKxXbbQWtBHnnII/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Machi |first=Vivienne |title=Support Malawi redevelopment with food trucks, music, art this weekend |url=https://www.dayton.com/events/support-malawi-redevelopment-with-food-trucks-music-art-this-weekend/cUoP9G5qkBt9jQHBuzYNVO/ |access-date=2019-12-19 |website=dayton |language=english |archive-date=2018-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222308/https://www.dayton.com/events/support-malawi-redevelopment-with-food-trucks-music-art-this-weekend/cUoP9G5qkBt9jQHBuzYNVO/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Determined to Develop - Matt Maroon |url=http://determinedtodevelop.org/who-we-are/matt-maroon/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201085439/http://www.determinedtodevelop.org/who-we-are/matt-maroon/ |archive-date=1 February 2016 |access-date=1 July 2018 |publisher=www.determinedtodevelop.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Dayton Magazine Winter 2014-15 Page 40 |url=https://www.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?i=239655&p=42&pp=1&view=issueViewer |access-date=2019-12-19 |website=www.mydigitalpublication.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙaddamar da Ci gaba ya ƙaura daga wani abu mai wucewa zuwa kwamitin aiki a cikin 2013 kuma ya sami damar ɗaukar daraktoci waɗanda za su tabbatar da tsarawa, kulawa da kudade an samu a cikin dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Determined to Develop |url=https://www.udayton.edu/studev/leadership/involvement/student-life/org-determined.php |access-date=1 July 2018 |publisher=[[University of Dayton]]}}</ref> A cikin Malawi, wanda ya kafa Determine to Develop Matt Maroon shi ne kuma manajan ƙasa na Lattitude Global Volunteering, ƙungiyar agaji ta Burtaniya wacce ke ba da damar sabis ga matasa su koyar a makarantun sakandare a cikin Malawi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=D2D, women's empowerment and sewing lessons |url=http://lattitude.org.uk/2015/09/d2d-womens-empowerment-and-sewing-lessons/ |access-date=1 July 2018 |publisher=[[Lattitude Global Volunteering]] |archive-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207073244/http://lattitude.org.uk/2015/09/d2d-womens-empowerment-and-sewing-lessons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Matt kuma ya kasance mai ba da lacca a Jami'ar Livingstonia inda ya rike mukamin Dean na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pace/usairways_october2014/index.php?startid=96 |title=US Airways Magazine, October 2014 |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2024-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629053542/https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/pace/usairways_october2014/index.php?startid=96 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?i=174923&p=12#{“page”:12 University of Dayton Magazine, Autumn 2013]</ref> A cikin 2021, an kara wa Geoff Mzembe, dan Malawi, matsayi na Babban Darakta. Geoff ya kasance tare da Determined to Develop tun daga farko, farawa da aikin a cikin 2010. Geoff ya kasance wani bangare ne na dukkan ayyukan tun daga farkon su. A matsayinsa na Babban Darakta, Geoff yana jagorantar ayyukan yau da kullun na ƙungiyarmu da shirye-shirye. Geoff kuma yana daidaita duk dangantakar waje da al'umma, daga ƙauyuka da makarantu da ke kewaye da mu zuwa masu ruwa da tsaki a matakin gwamnati. == Makarantar Sakandare ta Wasambo == Ƙaddamar da Ci gaba a kowace shekara yana karɓar bakuncin The Malawi Research Practicum da Malawi Graduate Fellowship a horar da masu ba da shawara game da haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sana'a na gaba ta hanyar bincike da aiki tare da al'umma kan batutuwan haƙƙin ɗanɗano da ci gaba. An gudanar da shi tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Kimiyya ta Siyasa ta Jami'ar Dayton, wannan aikin ya samo asali ne daga bincike na transdisciplinary da kuma amfani da fahimtar ci gaban kasa da kasa don baiwa dalibai daga ko'ina cikin jami'ar damar Ilimi - Makarantar Ilimi da Kimiyya ta Lafiya da Cibiyar ETHOS - Makarantar Injiniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chilumba, Malawi : University of Dayton, Ohio |url=https://udayton.edu/engineering/connect/ethos/student-experiences/chilumba-malawi.php |access-date=2019-12-22 |website=udayton.edu |archive-date=2019-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222073108/https://udayton.edu/engineering/connect/ethos/student-experiences/chilumba-malawi.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> don shiga cikin ma'ana a cikin ci gaba da aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview : University of Dayton, Ohio |url=https://udayton.edu/artssciences/ctr/hrc/malawi/index.php |access-date=2019-12-22 |website=udayton.edu |archive-date=2019-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222073111/https://udayton.edu/artssciences/ctr/hrc/malawi/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Wasambo_Boys_High_School.jpg|left|thumb|Makarantar Sakandare ta Wasambo Boys Malawi, Afirka]] A cikin 2017 kuma tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Jami'ar Dayton, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Determined to Develop : University of Dayton, Ohio |url=https://udayton.edu/studev/leadership/involvement/student-life/org-determined.php |access-date=2019-12-22 |website=udayton.edu}}</ref> Determined to Develop ya ba da umurni ga sabuwar makarantar sakandare ta shiga, Wasambo Boys High School wacce ta kafa damar kaiwa ta ƙasa a cikin shekara ta farko da aka fara. Kwalejin shekara ta farko na dalibai 75, jagorancin ma'aikatan kasa da kasa ne, suna hada rabin Malawian kuma suna da ma'aikatan yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Wasambo Boys High School - Malawi, Africa |url=https://wasambo.org/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Makarantar da ke akwai gida ce ga kimanin dalibai maza 500 waɗanda ba wai kawai suna halartar aji ba - suna kuma zaune a filin. fadada da aka tsara zai karɓi ƙarin ɗalibai maza da mata 2,500 tare da ingantaccen kayan aikin ruwa, wanda zai iya samar da kimanin lita 500,000 a kowace rana. Za a canza makarantar daga makarantar sakandare zuwa kwalejin fasaha don karatun sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-26 |title=Water System Design Sets Stage for New Campus in Malawi, Africa |url=http://web.benesch.com/water-system-design-sets-stage-for-campus-master-plan-in-malawi-africa/ |access-date=2019-12-22 |website=Benesch |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222071441/http://web.benesch.com/water-system-design-sets-stage-for-campus-master-plan-in-malawi-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da kungiyar ta girma, an kara ma'aikatan cikin tawagar kuma shirye-shiryen sun fadada. Kodayake ana samun ci gaba a kowane bangare na ci gaba, shirye-shiryen ilimi ne ke da tasiri mafi mahimmanci. A halin yanzu, tarurruka tare da masu ruwa da tsaki na al'umma da cikakken kimanta buƙatun sun kammala cewa ilimi shine babban fifiko na ci gaban yankin. A cikin 2017, Determined to Develop ya sauya zuwa ƙungiyar da ke da tushe a ilimi. == Haɗin gwiwa == Gidauniyar GoAbroad ta fara haɗin gwiwa tare da Determined to Develop a matsayin Abokin Hulɗa na Ƙungiyar Amfani a watan Satumbar 2019, bayan an gabatar da su ga shirye-shiryen su da manufa ta hanyar shirin bayarwa tare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Determined to Develop |url=http://www.goabroad.org/partners/determined-to-develop |access-date=2019-12-22 |website=GoAbroad Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222071804/http://www.goabroad.org/partners/determined-to-develop |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://www.determinedtodevelop.org}} * [https://www.guidestar.org/profile/26-4678003 Jagora] * [https://www.goabroad.org/partners/determined-to-develop Gidauniyar GoAbroad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222173021/https://www.goabroad.org/partners/determined-to-develop |date=2024-02-22 }} * [https://udayton.edu/studev/leadership/involvement/student-life/org-determined.php Cibiyar UD don Haɗin Dalibai] * [https://www.linkedin.com/company/determined-to-develop Linkedin] * [https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/264678003 Mai ba da agaji] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} k8oj3t28qmnmw2x1zfhvyfln5fzyfce 0 80727 839569 824553 2026-05-24T05:25:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''David Henry Benson-Papapa''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950) ɗan siyasan [[New Zealand]] ne. Shi tsohon dan majalisa ne mai wakiltar Dunedin ta Kudu kuma ya kasance memba a majalisar birnin Dunedin tun daga 2013. Benson-Papapa ya taba zama kansila a birnin Dunedin daga shekarar 1986 zuwa 1999 kuma ya koma ƙaramar hukuma bayan da aka kawo karshen aikinsa na majalisar dokoki da na minista da wasu zarge-zarge. == Farkon aiki == An haife shi a Dunedin kuma ya yi karatu a King's High School, Benson-Papapa ya sami karatunsa na uku a Jami'ar Otago da kuma Kwalejin Ilimi na Christchurch . Yayin da yake karatun ilimi ya kasance shugaban kungiyar dalibai a kwalejin, kuma shugaban kungiyar malamai na dalibai na kasa na [[New Zealand]]. Yana aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar sakandare ta Bayfield, inda ya koyar da Jamusanci da ilimin waje na tsawon shekaru 24,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Perfect attributes for career path |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/perfect-attributes-for-career-path/TRID2LHHOK3FLC7YKE22SI5WRA/ |access-date=2021-05-15 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin malamai kuma an fara zaɓe shi a Majalisar Dunedin City Council akan tikitin Jam'iyyar Labour a watan Oktoba 1986.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Macdonald |first=Nikki |date=28 July 2007 |title=Final twist in a sorry tale |url=https://www.pressreader.com/new-zealand/the-dominion-post/20070728/282239481226058 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515230124/https://www.pressreader.com/new-zealand/the-dominion-post/20070728/282239481226058 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-15 |publisher=Dominion Post |via=PressReader}}</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisar birnin har sau hudu sannan ya yi murabus a shekarar 1999, lokacin da ya yi nasarar tsayawa takarar zaben Dunedin ta Kudu a jam’iyyar Labour. == Dan majalisa == {{NZ parlbox header|align=left}} {{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|1999}}|end=2002|term=46th|electorate=[[Dunedin South]]|list=54|party=New Zealand Labour Party}} {{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|2002}}|end=2005|term=47th|electorate=Dunedin South|list=36|party=New Zealand Labour Party}} {{NZ parlbox|start={{NZ election link year|2005}}|end=2008|term=48th|electorate=Dunedin South|list=23|party=New Zealand Labour Party}} {{End}}An zabi Benson-Paparoma ya gaji mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Labour Michael Cullen a matsayin dan takarar Dunedin ta Kudu a zaben 1999 lokacin da Cullen ya koma Hawke's Bay. Cikin sauki ya doke dan takarar jam’iyyar National Russel Keast don ci gaba da zama a jam’iyyar Labour.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details" |url=https://archive.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_1999/e9/html/e9_partVIII.html |access-date=18 January 2023 |website=NZ Electoral Commission}}</ref> A lokacin wa'adinsa na farko, Benson-Paparoma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Karamar Hukuma da Muhalli, Kwamitin Bitar Dokoki da Kwamitin Ilimi da Kimiyya.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Benson-Pope, David - New Zealand Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.nz/en/mps-and-electorates/former-members-of-parliament/benson-pope-david/ |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=www.parliament.nz |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2002, Benson-Papapa ya zama babban bulala na jam'iyyarsa. Ya shiga majalisar ministoci a 2004, ya zama Ministan Kifi, Ministan Alhaki na Hukumar Shari'a, Mataimakin Ministan Shari'a, Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi (Makaranta) da Mataimakin Ministan Muhalli. Ya lura da tsara dokoki na ƙungiyoyin jama'a a New Zealand kuma ya sami suna a matsayin "Mr Fixit" na siyasa da "masanin duhu na siyasa,"<ref name=":0"/> amma kuma an san shi da "wuya don magance." <ref name=":1"/> Duk da a takaice ya rasa mukaminsa na minista har zuwa babban zaben 2005 saboda zarge-zargen rashin da'a a lokacin aikinsa na koyarwa, Benson-Paparoma an nada shi Ministan Ci gaban Jama'a da Ayyukan Aiki da Ministan Muhalli lokacin da wannan zaben ya dawo da Gwamnatin Ma'aikata ta biyar na New Zealand. a karo na uku. Ya rasa wadancan mukaman a shekarar 2007 kuma ya yi shekara ta karshe na aikinsa na majalisar a kan benci. Ayyukan kwamitocinsa a 2007 da 2008 sun kasance memba na kwamitin doka da oda da kwamitin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] da muhalli..<ref name=":3"/> === Zargin rashin da'a a matsayinsa na malami === Benson-Papapa ya yi murabus na wani dan lokaci a matsayin minista a shekara ta 2005 bayan zargin da tsofaffin dalibai suka yi na amfani da tashin hankali a cikin aji. Zarge-zargen sun hada da cusa kwallon tennis a bakin yaro dan shekara 14, da jefa wa dalibai kwallayen wasan kwallon tennis don kada su yi shiru, da buge wani almajiri da bayan hannunsa da ya sa hancin almajirin ya rika zubar da jini a sansanin makaranta, da kuma yi wa dalibi [[tuwo]] a kwarya. jawo jini. Benson-Papapa ya musanta zargin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benson-Pope steps down as bully inquiry looms |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10125894 |access-date=31 January 2016 |publisher=Nzherald.co.nz}}</ref> Da'awar cewa ya yaudari majalisar ba a mika shi ga kwamitin gata da shugaban majalisar ba kuma bayan makonni uku Benson-Pope ya mayar da shi a matsayinsa, sai dai matsayinsa na Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benson-Pope papers rebut school assault claims |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/benson-pope-papers-rebut-school-assault-claims/KKKZFADXW7X3GOTYH4GXEVB3ZM/ |access-date=2021-05-15 |website=NZ Herald |language=en-NZ}}</ref> ''An bayyana ƙarin da'awar game da halin Benson-Paparoma a matsayin malami a shekara mai zuwa. Mujallar Investigate ta buga, a watan Fabrairun 2006, zargin cewa ya shiga dakin kwanan dalibai ‘yan matan da ke sansanin makaranta don tada dalibai sau biyu, kuma ya gaya musu sau daya cewa sun dauki tsawon lokaci suna wanka bayan “guduwar laka”. Benson-Paparoma ya musanta aikata laifin.''. === Zargin rashin da'a a matsayinsa na Ministan Muhalli === A shekara ta 2007 ne Benson-Paparoma ya fuskanci karin cece-kuce, wanda ya kai ga yin murabus daga mukaminsa na minista tare da kawo karshen aikinsa na majalisar dokoki. A cikin Yuli 2007 ya bayyana cewa mai ba da shawara kan harkokin siyasa a ofishin Benson-Paparoma (Mataimakin Shugaban Kungiyar Kwadago ta Jam'iyyar Labour Party Steve Hurring) ya buga waya wanda ya kai ga korar ma'aikatar ga sabon manajan sadarwa na Muhalli. Batun ya ta'allaka ne kan dangantakarta da babban sakataren yada labarai na shugaban majalisar dokokin kasar John Key, duk da cewa ta "bayyana alakarta" a yayin aikin nadin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2007 |title=Briefing from State Services Commission received |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=30104 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927030125/http://www.beehive.govt.nz/ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=30104 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |publisher=[[Government of New Zealand]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Trade Union Affiliates |url=http://www.labour.org.nz/labour_team/party_groups/affiliates/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927212400/http://www.labour.org.nz/labour_team/party_groups/affiliates/index.html |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=31 January 2015 |website=Labour.org.nz |publisher=[[New Zealand Labour Party]]}}</ref> (A karkashin Dokar Bangaren Jihar New Zealand ta 1988, an hana ministoci da ma’aikatansu shiga cikin al’amuran da suka shafi aiki a cikin ma’aikatun gwamnati da ke da alhakinsu. Dokar ta bukaci shugabannin hukumomin wadannan sassan “su yi aiki ba tare da Ministoci ba a cikin al’amuran da suka shafi yanke shawara. a kan kowane ma'aikaci."<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Sector Act 1988 |url=http://www.ssc.govt.nz/display/document.asp?docid=4332&pageno=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017122740/http://www.ssc.govt.nz/display/document.asp?docid=4332&pageno=8 |archive-date=17 October 2008}}</ref> Bayan mako guda na matsananciyar matsin lamba da ke mai da hankali ba kawai kan zargin cewa ma'aikatansa sun aikata ba daidai ba, har ma da cewa shi da kansa ya yaudari majalisar dokoki, kafofin watsa labarai da Firayim Minista Helen Clark game da iliminsa da kuma shigar da shi, Benson-Paparoma ya ba da murabus dinsa daga majalisar ministoci a. Juma'a 27 Yuli 2007. Clark ya amince da murabus din, yana mai cewa, "Yadda aka gudanar da wasu batutuwa a cikin wannan makon ya sa aka rasa kwarin gwiwa kuma a kan haka na amince da tayin Mista Benson-Pope na tsayawa." Wani edita ya yi tsokaci cewa, "Ba a karon farko ba, shi da Gwamnati sun kasa jin kunyar abin da ya yi fiye da yadda ya kasa fadin abin da ya yi." Duk da binciken da Kwamishinan Ma’aikata na Jihar Mark Prebble da tsohon Kwamishinan Ma’aikata na Jiha Don Hunn suka gudanar ya gano cewa Ministan ko mukarrabansa ba su yi wani abu da bai dace ba,<ref>{{Cite web |last=D K Hunn |date=12 November 2007 |title=Investigation into the public service recruitment and employment of Ms Madeleine Setchell |url=http://www.ssc.govt.nz/upload/downloadable_files/Report_by_DK_Hunn_to_SSCer_%28main_body%29.pdf |access-date=6 July 2024 |archive-date=22 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522111708/http://www.ssc.govt.nz/upload/downloadable_files/Report_by_DK_Hunn_to_SSCer_(main_body).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Benson-Papapa ya kasance mai goyon bayan sauran wa’adin majalisar. Murabus din nasa ya haifar da gagarumin sauyi a majalisar ministocin kasar. Ko da yake Clark ya nuna cewa za a iya mayar da Benson-Paparoma cikin majalisar ministoci a wani lokaci,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-31 |title=David Benson-Pope resigns |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/51486/David-Benson-Pope-resigns |access-date=2021-05-15 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> ba a sake zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour ba a zaben 2008 (wanda, a kowane hali, Labour ya rasa), kuma ya bar shi. Majalisa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2009-01-31 |title=Ousted Benson-Pope to stay loyal |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/250840/Ousted-Benson-Pope-to-stay-loyal |access-date=2021-05-15 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin karamar hukuma == Bayan ya sha kaye a yunkurinsa na ci gaba da zama dan takarar Dunedin ta Kudu na Labour a babban zaben shekara ta 2008, Benson-Papapa ya ki amincewa da gayyatar da aka yi masa na tsayawa jam'iyyar Aotearoa Legalize Cannabis Party <ref name="ODT_9280">{{Cite web |last=Mackenzie, Dene |date=12 June 2008 |title=Party makes MP offer he can refuse |url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/9280/party-makes-mp-offer-he-can-refuse |access-date=3 November 2011 |website=[[Otago Daily Times]]}}</ref> kuma bai tsaya a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa ba.<ref name=":2"/> Komawa Dunedin, Benson-Papapa yayi aiki a matsayin manajan yarda da albarkatu kuma ya nemi zaɓe ga Majalisar Dunedin City Council (DCC) a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na 2013 . Ya tsaya a matsayin dan takara mai zaman kansa kuma an zabe shi a ranar 12 ga Oktoba 2013.<ref name="2013 results">{{Cite web |title=2013 - Dunedin City Council Final Results |url=https://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/electoral-information/past-election-results/2013/dcc-results |access-date=26 November 2021 |publisher=[[Dunedin City Council]] |archive-date=26 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126061809/https://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/electoral-information/past-election-results/2013/dcc-results |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sake zabe shi a 2016, 2019 da 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-08 |title=Dunedin City Council results |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc/dunedin-city-council-results |access-date=2021-05-15 |website=Otago Daily Times Online News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-13 |title=DCC and community board results |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc-and-community-board-results |access-date=2021-05-15 |website=Otago Daily Times Online News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-08 |title=DCC and community board preliminary results |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/dcc/dcc-and-community-board-preliminary-results |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=Otago Daily Times Online News |language=en}}</ref> Ya kasance babban memba na DCC a karkashin magajin gari Dave Cull da Aaron Hawkins kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin tsare-tsare da tsare-tsare na majalisar daga 2013 har zuwa 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-27 |title=Councillor David Benson-Pope - Dunedin City Council |url=http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/councillors/cr-david-benson-pope |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127022847/http://www.dunedin.govt.nz/your-council/councillors/cr-david-benson-pope |archive-date=2016-01-27 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=Dunedin City Council}}</ref> A yayin taron zuƙowa kai tsaye na DCC da aka gudanar a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2020, an ga Benson-Paparoma a cikin kyamarar kwamfutarsa yana tsaftace bincikensa da ƙurar gashin [[tsuntsu]] yayin da "marasa wando". Wakilan jama'a, kansiloli da manyan manajoji sun sa ido yayin da taron ke fuskantar matsalolin fasaha. Benson-Papapa ya ce ba ya sanye da wando amma yana sanye ne da gajeren wando bayan ya yi aikin lambu da sanyin safiyar ranar kuma ya ce ya yi matukar farin ciki da yadda cameo din nasa ya ba da abin maraba amma "ba da gangan ba." An sake zaben Benson-Paparoma a Majalisar Dunedin a karo na hudu yayin zaben kananan hukumomin Dunedin na 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2022 |title=2022 Election results |url=https://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/electoral-information/2022-election-results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103233810/https://www.dunedin.govt.nz/council/electoral-information/2022-election-results |archive-date=3 November 2022 |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=[[Dunedin City Council]]}}</ref> Sabon Magajin garin Dunedin Jules Radich bai ba shi kujera ko mataimakin kujera a cikin Majalisar Dunedin ba. Benson-Pope da Walker sun yi iƙirarin cewa Radich ya ba su matsayin kwamitin wanda ya san za su ƙi. Matsakaicin albashin kansilan da magajin garin ya gabatar ya hada da rage albashin kansilolin kashi 11.7% ba tare da aikin jagoranci ba fiye da kwatankwacin matsayin da aka samu a wa’adin da ya gabata. A karshen watan Oktoba, Benson-Paparoma ya goyi bayan wani kuduri da bai yi nasara ba da dan majalisar Green Marie Laufiso ya yi na rufe gibin albashi tsakanin kansilolin da aka ba wa mukaman mataimakin shugaban kasa da wadanda ba su da wadannan ayyuka. Kuri'u 11 zuwa 4 ne dai ya sha kaye a zaben. A cikin Disamba 2022, an buƙaci DCC ta yi la'akari da shawarar sake biyan kuɗi bayan Hukumar Kula da Rarraba ta yanke shawarar biyan bashin ya sabawa doka.<ref name=":4" /> A tsakiyar Disamba 2022, Benson-Pope ya nuna adawa da shirin rage kasafin kudi na Lafiya na New Zealand ga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da kayan aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen sake gina Asibitin Dunedin, babban asibitin Dunedin. Ya kuma yi kamfen na ganin an sake gina Asibitin daidai gwargwado. A karshen watan Janairu, Benson-Paparoma ya gabatar da wani kudiri yana kira ga DCC da ta ba da gudummawar NZ $ 130,400 don yakin neman zaben jama'a don tallafawa aikin sake gina asibitin kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin shari'ar kasuwanci ta ƙarshe. A ranar 31 ga Janairu, DCC ta kada kuri'a gaba daya don goyan bayan kudirin Benson-Paparoma na yaki da sauye-sauyen da aka yi na zanen Asibitin Dunedin. A cikin Mayu 2024, Benson-Papapa da ɗan'uwansa Cr Sophie Barker sun soki magajin garin Radich saboda rashin gudanar da kwamitin tantance shugabanin zartarwa na yau da kullun. An gudanar da irin wannan taron kwamitin na ƙarshe a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2023. Benson-Pope ya yi iƙirarin cewa gazawar Radich na gudanar da tarurrukan yau da kullun "alama ce ta kasancewarsa ba shi da wata fasaha da ake buƙata don yin wannan aikin." Radich ya yi sabani da sukar Benson-Papapa da Barkers, yana mai cewa Benson-Papapa ba mamba ne a kwamitin tantancewa ba kuma ya ce DCC ta gudanar da tarurruka akai-akai. A karshen watan Mayun 2024, Benson-Paparoma ya kada kuri'ar amincewa da wani kuduri na DCC yana neman gwamnatin New Zealand ta kafa wani nau'in biza na musamman ga 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu da yakin Isra'ila da Hamas ya raba da muhallansu. Ya ce "abin da ya bambanta a nan shi ne mun samu mazauna yankin suna neman mu fitar da iyalansu daga halin jahannama, duk wanda ba ya goyon bayan hakan bai cancanci zama a nan ba." == Rayuwa ta sirri == Benson-Papapa yana da aure da yara tagwaye. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Reflist|30em}} == Kara karantawa == *   *   *   *   == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Bayanan [http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/MPP/MPs/Former/5/6/5/48PlibMPsFormerDavidBensonPope1-Benson-Pope-Hon-David.htm gidan yanar gizon majalisar NZ] akan David Benson-Paparoma * Shigar da [https://web.archive.org/web/20070822230233/http://www.labour.org.nz/Our_mps_top/david_benson_pope/index.html gidan yanar gizon Labour Party] don David Benson-Paparoma * [http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411368/1256078 Timeline: Benson-Pope rigimar aiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120083134/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411368/1256078 |date=2023-11-20 }}, daga TV DAYA {{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-aft}} {{S-break}} {{S-par|nz}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-aft}} {{S-ppo}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tbtfvmpsm8cw73qpbn57axuyiyvgt5y 0 81207 839542 683547 2026-05-24T01:03:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Crystal Bayat (sq cropped).jpg|thumb]] '''Crystal Bayat''' ([[Farisawa|Persian]]: کریستال بیات) 'yar gwagwarmayar zamantakewar al'ummar [[Afghanistan]] ce kuma mai fafutukar [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil'adama]] da aka santa da zanga-zangar adawa da kwace iko da Taliban tayi, mai bayar da shawarwari ga [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|'yancin mata]] da gwagwarmayar siyasa a ciki da wajen Afghanistan. 'Yar asalin lardin Ghazni, [[Shi'a]] (wanda ta fito daga dangin Bayat, ƴan tsirarun ƙabilar Turkic. An haifi Bayat a shekara ta alif 1997 a Kabul. Ta girma mafi yawan rayuwarta tare da dimokuraɗiyya da sauye-sauye na al'umma. A halin yanzu tana ci gaba da fafutuka don kiyaye nasarorin da aka samu a Afganistan a matsayin wakili na kawo sauyi a kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shali |first=Pooja |date=August 20, 2021 |title=Afghanistan and its people have changed, so should Taliban: Afghan activist seen in viral protest pics |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/afghanistan-its-people-have-changed-so-should-taliban-afghan-activist-crystal-bayat-interview-1843457-2021-08-20 |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Bayat ne a shekara ta 1997 a [[Kabul|birnin Kabul]], kuma 'yar asalin lardin Ghazni ne, kuma 'yar ƙabilar Bayat, 'yan tsirarun ƙabilar Turkawa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Vincent |first=Pheroze L. |date=26 August 2021 |title=Face of anti-Taliban resistance cut her teeth in activism at DU |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/afghanistan-crystal-bayats-vibrant-past-in-delhi-university/cid/1828015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826000738/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/afghanistan-crystal-bayats-vibrant-past-in-delhi-university/cid/1828015 |archive-date=2021-08-26 |access-date=2021-08-29 |website=Telegraph India}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta likitar mata ce (a halin yanzu ba ta iya yin aiki saboda mamayar Taliban) kuma mahaifinta ya yi aiki a ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sumedha |date=2021-08-24 |title=A 24-Year-Old DU Graduate Is Leading The Way For Women Rights By Protesting Against Taliban |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/afghan-graduate-from-du-leads-protests-for-women-rights-547866.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824131835/https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/afghan-graduate-from-du-leads-protests-for-women-rights-547866.html |archive-date=2021-08-24 |access-date=2021-08-29 |website=IndiaTimes |language=en-IN}}</ref> kafin rugujewar jamhuriyar. == Gudummawar masu fafutukar zamantakewa == Bayan ya dawo daga makaranta a Indiya zuwa Afganistan a cikin shekarar 2020, Bayat ta fara tunanin siyasa na 'yancin ɗan adam, ''Adalci da Daidaitawa Trend'', da Crystal Bayat Foundation, wata gidauniyar agaji ta 'yancin ɗan adam ta mai da hankali kan taimaka wa mutanen Afghanistan cikin haɗari. <ref name=":1"/> Ta taimaka wajen jagorantar zanga-zangar ranar ‘yancin kai na Kabul kwanaki kaɗan bayan da Taliban ta karɓe birnin a tsakiyar watan Agustan shekarar 2021. Ɗaya daga cikin matan bakwai da suka yi zanga-zangar kusan mutane 200, ita ce ta jagoranci shirya taron, tana ihu, "Tutar mu ita ce ta mu!" Bayat ta tsaya tsayin daka a ra'ayinta cewa har yanzu Taliban ba ta yi imani da 'yanci da bukatun 'yan ƙasar Afganistan musamman mata ba, kuma babu wanda ya yi kokari na gaskiya don riƙe su. Bayat a halin yanzu tana aiki a cikin zanga-zangar adawa da [[Taliban]] kuma tayi kashedin cewa "ba su canza ba." Dangane da yunƙurinta na zamantakewa da siyasa, Bayat ta ƙaddamar da kamfen na tsirarun ƙabilanci “Bayat is Our Identity and Our Identity is Our Pride.” [https://subhekabul.com/%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%87/cyristal-bayat-letter-to-president/ Bayan rubuta wasiƙa zuwa ga tsohon shugaban ƙasar Afganistan Mohammad Ashraf Ghani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911184029/https://subhekabul.com/%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%87/cyristal-bayat-letter-to-president/ |date=2024-09-11 }}, ta yi nasarar shigar da sunan ƙabilu a cikin katunan ID na ƙasa wanda ya kasance babbar nasara ga Crystal Bayat. Ta kasance mai wakiltar tsiraru a tattaunawar zaman lafiya a [[Doha]] tsakanin Taliban da tsohuwar gwamnati. <ref>{{Cite web |last=صبح |first=هشت |date=2020-04-23 |title=منشور طالبان و مطالبه ما از میز صلح |url=https://8am.af/the-taliban-charter-and-our-demand-for-a-peace-table/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707181013/https://8am.af/the-taliban-charter-and-our-demand-for-a-peace-table/ |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=روزنامه ۸صبح |language=fa-IR}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Loy Jerga, babban taron gargajiya na Afghanistan. Bayat ta tsallake rijiya da baya a wani yunkurin kisa da kungiyar Taliban ta yi mata a shekarar 2020 saboda rawar da take takawa a tattaunawar zaman lafiya. Ta buga labarai da yawa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na ƙasa da na duniya (cikin Farisa da Ingilishi) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-11 |title=لویه جرگه؛ نقشه راه هیئت مذاکره کننده! {{!}} خبرگزاری دید |url=https://didpress.com/%d9%84%d9%88%db%8c%d9%87-%d8%ac%d8%b1%da%af%d9%87%d8%9b-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4%d9%87-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%87%db%8c%d8%a6%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b0%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%b1%d9%87-%da%a9%d9%86%d9%86%d8%af%d9%87/ |access-date=2022-07-07 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> kan 'yancin mata yayin tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Taliban. A cikin shekarar 2020, Bayat ta kuma ƙaddamar da wani [https://8am.af/menstruation-from-the-campaign-to-the-national-discourse-and-program/ Kamfen tare da ƙawarta Fariha mai suna #MenstrationIsNotTaboo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820194238/https://8am.af/menstruation-from-the-campaign-to-the-national-discourse-and-program/ |date=2021-08-20 }} kafin a tilasta mata barin Afghanistan. Bayat ta ci gaba da yin magana da manema labarai da kuma a wuraren jama'a da na sirri game da halin da ake ciki na geopolitical halin yanzu a Afghanistan. Ta kuma himmatu wajen taimaka wa ƙawaye, 'yan uwa da malamai da kwararrun abokan aikinta wajen cimma wata matsaya ta haɗin gwiwa kan cin mutuncin bil'adama da rashin shugabanci nagari da 'yan Taliban ke yi a yau. Ta yi rubuce-rubuce kan halin da matan Afganistan ke ciki da ilimi da kuma ƙalubalen 'yan Afganistan ga jaridu na ƙasa da na duniya. Bayat ta gyara labarin labarai da al'amuran yau da kullun a cikin telematic periodical Aleph & sauran Tales mai taken, [https://www.aleph-tech.it/magazine/tag/thegirlwiththeafghanflag/ "Yarinya da tutar Afghanistan."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301085300/https://www.aleph-tech.it/magazine/tag/thegirlwiththeafghanflag/ |date=2022-03-01 }} == Ilimi == Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Bayat ta samu matsayi na biyar a jarrabawar Kankor daga cikin ɗalibai dubu ɗari uku a faɗin ƙasar Afghanistan. Bayan yarda da Jami'ar Kabul, Faculty of Law, Bayat an ba ta tallafin karatu daga Majalisar Indiya don Hulɗar Al'adu. Ta shiga Kwalejin Daulat Ram da ke Delhi, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a shekarar 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sadhwani |first=Garima |date=2021-08-27 |title=Survival in Afghanistan is really difficult: Afghan social activist Crystal Bayat |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/international/survival-in-afghanistan-is-really-difficult-afghan-social-activist-crystal-bayat |access-date=2021-08-29 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref> a matsayi na farko. Ta yi digiri na biyu a Cibiyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] da ke Delhi. <ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekarar 2021, Bayat ta fara digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Delhi a fannin Gudanar da Siyasa amma shirinta ya katse saboda mamayewar Taliban. An karɓi Bayat a cikin Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburg, Amurka, Kwalejin Heinz Masters of Public Policy Program. Ta yi shirin fara MPP a matsayin ɗaliba na cikakken lokaci a cikin faɗuwar shekarar 2023. == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin shekarar 2020, Bayat ta sami lambar yabo ta Rumi (wuri na 2) a cikin "Rumi Category" kuma an naɗa ta a matsayin ɗayan mata 50 masu tasiri da masu shirya lambar yabo ta Rumi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-07 |title=BBC 100 Women 2021: Who is on the list this year? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59514598 |access-date=2021-12-07}}</ref> Haka kuma tsohon shugaban ƙasar Afganistan da majalisar dokokin ƙasar sun amince da ita a farkon shekarar 2020 saboda fafutuka wajen zartar da dokar kare hakkin tsiraru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCoy |first=Makenna |date=2023-07-10 |title=IWF Welcomes Crystal Bayat as a Visiting Fellow |url=https://www.iwf.org/2023/07/10/iwf-welcomes-crystal-bayat-as-a-visiting-fellow/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Independent Women's Forum |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2021, an saka sunan Crystal Bayat a cikin jerin mata 100 na BBC na 2021 don mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a da kare hakkin bil'adama, wanda ta yi fice a zanga-zangar adawa da mamayar Taliban a shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-12-07 |title=BBC 100 Women 2021: Who is on the list this year? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59514598 |access-date=2021-12-07}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6w4o6s5w83c8s94rlz6jbp42f385br4 0 81461 839482 826969 2026-05-23T20:06:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:SOCCSKSARGEN_Drug_Abuse_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Center_(SDATRC).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Cibiyar Kula da Cin Hanci da Magunguna ta SOCCSKSARGEN a Alabel, Philippines]] [[Fayil:Caron Foundation Campus Entrance Wernersville PA.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kula da Yanayi]] [[Fayil:Sattupalle - Eluru APS RTC bus on Polavaram canal.jpg|thumb|RTC ]] '''Cibiyar kula da gidaje''' ('''RTC'''), Wani lokacin ana kiranta farfadowa, cibiyar kula da lafiya ce mai rai wadda ke ba da magani ga cututtukan amfani da kwayoyi, Rashin lafiya na hankali, ko wasu matsalolin halayyar. Ana iya la'akari da maganin zama a matsayin hanyar "ƙarshe" don magance ilimin halayyar mutum ko ilimin halayya. Shirin kula da zama ya ƙunshi kowane shirin zama wanda ke kula da batun halayyar mutum, gami da cututtukan halayyar dan adam kamar cututtukani na cin abinci (misali sansanin asarar nauyi) ko rashin horo (misali, sansanonin motsa jiki a matsayin sa hannun rayuwa). Wani lokaci wuraren zama suna ba da damar samun damar samun albarkatun magani, ba tare da waɗanda ke neman magani ba waɗanda ake la'akari da mazauna shirin magani, kamar wuraren kiwon lafiya na Gabashin Turai. Amfani mai rikitarwa na shirye-shiryen zama don gyaran halayyar da al'adu sun haɗa da maganin juyawa da makarantun zama na Amurka da Kanada don 'yan asalin ƙasar. Wani fasalin yau da kullun na shirye-shiryen zama shine sarrafa damar zamantakewa ga mutanen da ke waje da shirin, da kuma iyakance damar ga ɓangarorin waje don shaida yanayin yau da kullun a cikin shirin. A cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, an fahimci cewa kusan ba zai yiwu a canza halayyar da aka kafa ba tare da yin tasiri ga dangantakar al'ada ba, aƙalla a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma yanayin rufewar shirye-shiryen zama da yawa yana ba da damar ɓoye ayyukan zamba. Bayan fitarwa, mai haƙuri na iya shiga cikin shirin mai zurfi na waje don bin diddigin waje a waje da wurin zama. == Tarihin tarihi a Amurka == [[Fayil:Brattleboro_Retreat_3.jpg|thumb|Gidan Brattleboro a Vermont]] A cikin 1600s, Biritaniya ta kafa Dokar Talakawa wacce ta ba da damar horar da yara matalauta a cikin koyo ta hanyar cire su daga iyalansu da tilasta musu su zauna a gidajen rukuni.<ref name="Callan">{{Cite journal |last=Callan J. E. |year=1976 |title=Residential treatment for youth: a bicentennial consideration |journal=Journal of Clinical Child Psychology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=35–37 |doi=10.1080/15374417609532725}}</ref> A cikin 1800s, Amurka ta kwafe wannan tsarin, amma sau da yawa ana sanya yara marasa lafiya a kurkuku tare da manya saboda al'umma ba ta san abin da za ta yi da su ba.<ref name="Callan" /> Babu RTCs a wurin don samar da kulawa ta awa 24 da suke buƙata, kuma an sanya su a kurkuku lokacin da ba za su iya zama a gida ba.<ref name="Callan" /> A cikin shekarun 1900, Anna Freud da takwarorinta sun kasance wani ɓangare na Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, kuma sun yi aiki a kan yadda za a kula da yara.<ref name="Cohler">{{Cite journal |last=Cohler B.J., Friedman D.H. |year=2004 |title=Psychoanalysis and the early beginnings of residential treatment for troubled youth |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=237–254 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00115-9 |pmid=15062343}}</ref> Sun yi aiki don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kula da gidaje ga yara da matasa da ke fama da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar mutum. Shekarar 1944 ta nuna farkon aikin Bruno Bettelheim na Makarantar Orthogenic a Birnin [[Chicago]], da kuma aikin Fritz Redl da David Wineman a gidan Pioneer a [[Detroit]].<ref name="Cohler"/> Bettelheim ya taimaka wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da halayen ma'aikata game da yara a cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Ya karfafa ra'ayin cewa asibitin mahaukaci al'umma ce, inda ma'aikata da marasa lafiya suka rinjayi juna kuma marasa lafiya sun tsara su ta hanyar halayen juna.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bettelheim ya kuma yi imanin cewa iyalai bai kamata su kasance da hulɗa da ɗansu ba yayin da yake cikin magani.<ref name="Cohler" /> Wannan ya bambanta da maganin al'umma da maganin iyali na 'yan shekarun nan, wanda burin magani shine yaro ya kasance a cikin gida.<ref name="Geurts">{{Cite journal |last=Geurts E. M. W., Boddy J., Noom M. J., Knorth E. J. |year=2012 |title=Family-centered residential care: the new reality?. |journal=Child & Family Social Work |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=170–179 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00838.x}}</ref> Har ila yau, ana mai da hankali kan rawar da iyali ke takawa wajen inganta sakamako na dogon lokaci bayan magani a cikin RTC.<ref name="Geurts" /> Gidan Pioneer ya kirkiro wani shirin ilimi na musamman don taimakawa wajen inganta kula da motsin rai da zamantakewa a cikin yara.<ref name="Cohler" /> Bayan WWII, Bettelheim da hadin gwiwar Redl da Wineman sun taimaka wajen kafa wuraren zama a matsayin madadin magani ga yara da matasa waɗanda ba za su iya zama a gida ba <ref name="Zimmerman">{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerman D.P. |year=2004 |title=Psychotherapy in residential treatment: historical development and critical issues |journal=Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=347–361 |doi=10.1016/S1056-4993(03)00122-6 |pmid=15062350}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1960, an kirkiro ƙarni na biyu na RTC na psychoanalytical. Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da aikin Vienna Psychoanalytic Society don haɗawa da iyalai da al'ummomi a cikin maganin yaro.<ref name="Callan"/> Ɗaya daga cikin misalai na wannan shine Walker Home da School wanda Dr. Albert Treischman ya kafa a cikin 1961 don yara maza masu matasan da ke da mummunar motsin rai ko halayyar. Ya haɗa da iyalai don taimaka musu wajen haɓaka dangantaka da yaransu a cikin gidaje, makarantun jama'a da al'ummomi.<ref name="Cohler"/> Haɗin iyali da al'umma ya sa wannan shirin ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen da suka gabata. Da farko a cikin shekarun 1980s, ana amfani da maganin halayyar fahimta a cikin ilimin halayyar yara, <ref name="Cohler"/> matsayin tushen shiga tsakani ga matasa masu wahala, kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin RTCs don samar da sakamako mafi kyau na dogon lokaci. Ka'idar haɗi kuma ta samo asali ne don mayar da martani ga hauhawar yara da aka shigar da su cikin RTCs waɗanda aka yi wa zalunci ko watsi da su. Wadannan yara suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga masu kulawa waɗanda ke da masaniya game da rauni.<ref name="Zimmerman"/> A cikin shekarun 1990s, yawan yara da ke shiga RTCs ya karu sosai, wanda ya haifar da sauya manufofi daga ayyukan da suka danganci ma'aikata zuwa tsarin kula da al'umma na iyali.<ref>Susan Yelton, Children in residential treatment — Policies for the '90s, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 15, Issue 3, 1993, Pages 173-193, ISSN 0190-7409, 10.1016/0190-7409(93)90002-Q.</ref> Wannan kuma ya nuna rashin albarkatun magani masu dacewa. Koyaya, cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun ci gaba da girma kuma a yau suna da yara sama da 50,000.<ref>Latest Findings in Children's Mental Health, Nearly 66,000 Youth Live in U.S, Mental Health Programs, Vo1. 2, No. 1 (Summer 2003). In 1997, the year in which the most recent data was available, over 42,000 children were living in RTCs. Given the growth of children living in RTCs, see supra note 2, this figure is likely well over 50,000 now.</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin kula da gidaje a Amurka a halin yanzu an kiyasta su a wurare 28,900.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-03 |title=FastStats |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/residential-care-communities.htm |access-date=2020-05-15 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us}}</ref> == Yara da matasa == RTCs ga matasa, wani lokacin ana kiransu cibiyoyin farfadowa na matasa, suna ba da magani ga batutuwa da rikice-rikice irin su rikice-rikicen adawa, rikice-rubuce na halin kirki, baƙin ciki, rikicewar bipolar, rikice na [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), batutuwan ilimi, wasu rikice-war mutum, da batutuwan lokaci na rayuwa, da kuma rikice-tashen amfani da kwayoyi. Yawancin suna amfani da tsarin gyaran halayyar. Sauran suna da alaƙa. Wasu suna amfani da al'umma ko ingantaccen al'adun al'adu. Shirye-shiryen gama gari yawanci suna da girma (masu cin gashin kansu 80 da kuma kusan 250) kuma suna mai da hankali kan tsarin maganin su. Wato, don sarrafa halayyar abokan ciniki, galibi suna sanya tsarin lada da azabtarwa a wuri. Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci karami ne (kasa da abokan ciniki 100 kuma kaɗan kamar 10 ko 12). Shirye-shiryen kwararru yawanci ba su mai da hankali kan gyaran halayyar kamar yadda shirye-shiryen gaba ɗaya suke. RTCs daban-daban suna aiki tare da nau'ikan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma tsarin da hanyoyin RTCs sun bambanta. Wasu RTCs wuraren kulle ne; wato, an kulle mazauna a cikin ɗakin. A cikin wurin kula da gida da aka kulle, an ƙuntata motsi na abokan ciniki. Idan aka kwatanta, wurin kula da gida da ba a kulle ba su damar motsawa a kan wurin tare da 'yanci na dangi, amma ana ba su izinin barin wurin ne kawai a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Bai kamata a rikita cibiyoyin kula da gidaje da Shirye-shiryen ilimi na zama ba, wanda ke ba da madadin yanayi ga yara masu haɗari su zauna da kuma koyo tare a waje da gidajensu. Cibiyoyin kula da yara da matasa suna kula da yanayi da yawa daga [[Addiction|jaraba]] miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa zuwa cututtukan motsin rai da na jiki da kuma cututtukani na hankali. Nazarin daban-daban na matasa a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje sun gano cewa mutane da yawa suna da tarihin batutuwan da suka shafi iyali, galibi sun haɗa da cin zarafin jiki ko jima'i. Wasu wurare suna magance cututtuka na musamman, kamar su cututtukan haɗi (RAD). Cibiyoyin kula da gidaje galibi suna mai da hankali kan asibiti kuma da farko suna ba da kula da halayyar da magani ga matasa da ke da matsaloli masu tsanani. Sabanin haka, makarantun kwana na warkewa suna ba da magani da ilimi a cikin [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ta zama, suna amfani da ma'aikatan ma'aikatan zamantakewa, masu ilimin halayyar dan adam, da likitocin kwakwalwa don yin aiki tare da ɗalibai a kowace rana. Wannan nau'in magani yana da burin samun nasarar ilimi da kuma kwanciyar hankali na jiki da tunani a cikin yara, matasa, da matasa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa a baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa wuraren kula da gidaje suna da ƙarin bayani daga masu ilimin halayyar mutum don inganta sakamakon da rage ayyukan rashin ɗabi'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Principles of Care for Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Mental Illnesses in Residential Treatment Centers |url=http://www.pbhsolutions.org/pubdocs/upload/documents/AACAP%20Guidelines%20on%20Residential%20Care%20for%20Children.pdf |access-date=2012-11-30 |website=American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Halin halayyar mutum == [[Fayil:Therapeutic_group_in_the_Rehabilitation_Center_for_alcohol_and_drug_addicts.jpg|thumb|Kungiyar taimakon kai ta warkewa a Cibiyar Rehab Parus a Moscow]] Halin halayyar ya taimaka sosai wajen rage halayen matsala a cibiyoyin kula da gidaje.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bodfish J.W., Konarski E.A. |year=1992 |title=Reducing problem behaviors in a residential unit using structural analysis and staff management procedures: A preliminary study |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=225–234 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360070305}}</ref> Irin abokan ciniki da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin kayan aiki (yara da ke da rikice-rikice na motsin rai ko halayyar da ke da nakasa ta hankali da rikicewar hankali) wani abu ne na tasirin gyaran halayyar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuoco F.J., Lawrence P.S., Vernon J.B. |year=1988 |title=Post-treatment effects of token reinforcement, verbal praise, and self-monitoring in a residential psychiatric program |journal=Behavioral Interventions |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=267–286 |doi=10.1002/bin.2360030404}}</ref> An gano cewa shiga tsakani na halayyar yana da nasara ko da lokacin da maganin ya kasa.<ref>Luiselli, J.K. & Evans, T.P. (1987)</ref> Koyaya, akwai shaidar cewa wasu al'ummomi na iya amfana da yawa daga tsoma baki da suka fada waje da tsarin canjin halayyar. Misali, an bayar da rahoton sakamako mai kyau don shiga tsakani na neurosequential wanda ke da alaƙa da batutuwan rauni da haɗin kai na yara. (Perry, 2006).<ref>Perry, B.D. (2006) The Neurosequential Model of Therapeutics: Applying principles of neuroscience to clinical work with traumatized and maltreated children. In N. B. Webb (Ed.), Working with traumatized youth in child welfare (pp. 27-52). New York: The Guilford Press.</ref> Kodayake yawancin yara da ke karɓar ayyuka a cikin RTCs suna gabatar da rikice-rikice na motsin rai da halayyar halayyar (EBDs), irin su rikicewar [[Rashin hankali na rashin ƙarfi|Rashin kulawa]] (ADHD), rikicewar adawa (ODD), da rikicewar halayyar hali (CD), dabarun gyaran halayyar na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don rage halayyar waɗannan abokan ciniki. Za'a iya amfani da tsoma baki kamar farashin amsawa, Tattalin arzikin alama, kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, da kuma amfani da ingantaccen ƙarfafa zamantakewa don kara halayyar zamantakewa a cikin yara (Ormrod, 2009).<ref>Ormrod, J.E. (2009). Essentials of Educational Psychology (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.</ref> Halin halayyar yana da nasara wajen kula da yara da ke fama da rikice-rikice na halayyar a wani bangare saboda sun haɗa da ka'idoji guda biyu waɗanda suka zama ainihin yadda yara ke koyo: fahimtar ra'ayi da gina kan ilimin da suka riga sun kasance. Binciken da Resnick ya yi (1989)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Resnick L.B. |year=1989 |title=Developing mathematical knowledge |journal=American Psychologist |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=162–169 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.44.2.162}}</ref> ya nuna cewa har ma da jarirai suna iya haɓaka tsarin ƙididdiga na asali. Ana shigar da sabbin bayanai a cikin tsarin kuma yana aiki a matsayin tushen ƙwarewar warware matsalar da yaro ke tasowa yayin da ta fallasa shi ga nau'ikan motsawa daban-daban (misali, sababbin yanayi, mutane, ko mahalli). Kwarewa da yanayin da yaro ya fuskanta na iya samun sakamako mai kyau ko mara kyau, wanda, bi da bi, yana tasiri ga yadda yake tunawa, dalilai, da daidaitawa yayin fuskantar abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da yara suka sami ilimi mai yawa, yana shafar abin da suka lura da kuma yadda suke tsarawa, wakilci, da fassara bayanai a cikin yanayin su na yanzu (Bransford, Brown, & Cocking, 2000).<ref>Bransford, J.D., Brown, A.L., & Cocking, R.R. (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.</ref> Yawancin yaran da ke cikin RTCs an fallasa su ga mummunan abubuwan muhalli waɗanda suka ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin halayyar da suke nunawa. Yawancin tsoma baki suna gina kan ilimin yara na baya game da yadda lada ke aiki. Karfafa yara don halayen zamantakewa (watau, amfani da tattalin arzikin alama, inda yara ke samun alamomi don halayen da suka dace; farashin amsawa (rashin alamomin da aka samu a baya bayan halayyar da ba ta dace ba; da aiwatar da kungiyoyin horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa, inda mahalarta ke lura da shiga cikin tsara halayen zamantakewar da suka dace ya taimaka musu su haɓaka zurfin fahimtar sakamako mai kyau na halayyar zamantakewa. Wolfe, Dattilo, & Gast (2003)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe B.D., Dattilo J., Gast D.L. |year=2003 |title=Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders |journal=Therapeutic Recreation Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=124–141}}</ref> sun gano cewa yin amfani da tattalin arziki na alama tare da wasannin hadin gwiwa ya kara halayen zamantakewa (misali maganganun ƙarfafawa, yabo, ko godiya, girgiza hannu, da ba da manyan biyar) yayin da yake rage masu adawa da zamantakewa (sweering, barazanar takwarorinsu da lahani na jiki, kira, da tashin hankali na jiki). Amfani da tsarin amsawa-farashin ya kasance mai inganci wajen rage halayen matsala. An yi amfani da ƙirar janyewa guda ɗaya da ke amfani da ƙarfafawa ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba don rage halayen magana da na jiki da ɗaliban bayan cibiyar da ke da ADHD (Nolan & Filter, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan J.D., Filter K.J. |year=2012 |title=A function-based classroom behavior intervention using non-contingent reinforcement plus response cost |journal=Education and Treatment of Children |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=419–430 |doi=10.1353/etc.2012.0017 |s2cid=146458391}}</ref> Wilhite & Bullock (2012)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhite S., Bullock L.M. |year=2012 |title=Effects of the WhyTry social skills program on students with emotional and/or behavioral problems in an alternative school |journal=Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=175–194 |doi=10.1080/13632752.2012.675135 |s2cid=145588066}}</ref> sun aiwatar da ƙungiyar horar da ƙwarewar zamantakewa don haɓaka ƙwarewar jama'a na ɗalibai tare da EBDs. Sakamakon ya nuna bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci tsakanin gabatarwar horo kafin da bayan shiga tsakani, da kuma wasu abubuwa da yawa na ma'auni na halayyar halayyar. Har ila yau, akwai shaidu don amfanin ƙarfafa zamantakewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsoma baki na halayyar yara masu cutar ADHD. Binciken da Kohls, Herpertz-Dahlmann, & Kerstin (2009) ya gano cewa duka lada na zamantakewa da na kudi sun kara karfin iko a cikin kungiyoyin sarrafawa da gwaji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kohls G., Herpertz-Dahlmann B., Konrad K. |year=2009 |title=Hyperresponsiveness to social rewards in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |journal=Behavioral and Brain Functions |volume=5 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1186/1744-9081-5-20 |pmc=2685404 |pmid=19426488 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, sakamakon ya nuna cewa yara da ke da ADHD sun amfana da ƙarfafa zamantakewa fiye da yara na yau da kullun, yana nuna cewa ƙarfafa zamantakewa na iya inganta kulawar fahimta a cikin yara na ADHD. Hanyoyin da aka lissafa sune kawai 'yan nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar da za a iya amfani da su don kula da yara tare da EBDs. Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da nau'ikan sa hannun halayyar a cikin littafin 2003 Behavioral, Social, and Emotional Assessment of Children and Adolescents by Kenneth Merrell . '''Nau'o'in Magungunan Iyali da aka yi amfani da su a Cibiyar Kula da Gida''' Magungunan Labari: Magungunan Magungunan Bayani sun nuna karuwar shahara a fagen maganin iyali. Magungunan labaran da aka samo asali ne daga ra'ayi na zamani, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ka'idodinsa: (a) babu gaskiyar duniya guda ɗaya, amma gaskiyar da aka gina ta hanyar zamantakewa; (b) gaskiyar ta halitta ta hanyar harshe; (c) labarin yana riƙe da gaskiyar (d) ba duk labaran daidai ba ne<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frensch |first=Karen M. |last2=Cameron |first2=Gary |date=2002 |title=Treatment of Choice or a Last Resort? A Review of Residential Mental Health Placements for Children and Youth |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016826627406 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1023/a:1016826627406 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=67962860}}</ref> (Freedman da Combs, 1996). Maganin iyali na ba da labari yana kallon batutuwan ɗan adam daga waɗancan tushen kamar yadda suke fitowa kuma ana ci gaba da su ta hanyar manyan labarun da ke sarrafa rayuwar mutum. Matsaloli suna tasowa lokacin da labaran mutum ba su dace da kwarewar rayuwarsu ba. Dangane da ra'ayi na labarin, ta hanyar ba da sabon ra'ayi mai banbanci A cikin labarin da ke cike da matsala, magani tsari ne na sake rubuta labaran mutum. Tsarin sake rubuta labarin abokin ciniki ya haɗa da (a) bayyana matsalar (s) da suke fuskanta; (b) rushe labaran da ke haifar da matsaloli ta hanyar tambaya; (c) gane sakamako na musamman ko lokutan da mutum bai tilasta masa ta halin da yake ciki ba; (d) haɗa takamaiman sakamako zuwa nan gaba da samar da labarin da ake so; (e) gayyatar da al'umma don kallon sabon labarin da (f) yin rajista sabbin ra'ayoyi ne maimakon hanyoyin da suka gabata. Koyaya, wasu masu bincike sun bayyana dabarun da ke da amfani wajen taimakawa mutum ya sake rubuta takamaiman kwarewa, kamar sake ba da labarai da rubuta wasiƙu. Yara da aka shigar da su a cibiyar kula da gida suna da matsalolin halayyar da suka yi tsananin cewa maganin zama shine begen su na ƙarshe. Iyaye suna tunanin yaron shine matsalar da ake buƙata don gyarawa, kuma komai zai yi kyau; a gefe guda, yaron gabaɗaya yana ganin kansu a matsayin wanda aka azabtar. Magungunan ba da labari suna ba da damar rushe waɗannan ra'ayoyin da kuma halayen damuwa na yaro don a fitar da su, wanda zai iya ƙarfafa yaron da dangin su cimma sabon hangen nesa babu wanda yake jin an gurfanar da shi ko kuma an zarge shi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Nevin J. |last2=Russell |first2=Keith C. |last3=Cooley |first3=Rob |last4=Cupples |first4=Jacqueline |date=2007-06-22 |title=Catherine Freer Wilderness Therapy Expeditions: An Exploratory Case Study of Adolescent Wilderness Therapy, Family Functioning, and the Maintenance of Change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |journal=Child and Youth Care Forum |volume=36 |issue=2–3 |pages=111–129 |doi=10.1007/s10566-007-9035-1 |issn=1053-1890 |s2cid=144578407}}</ref> Magungunan Tsarin da yawa: Misali ya nuna nasara wajen ci gaba da ingantawa na dogon lokaci a cikin halayen yara da matasa. Iyalai a cikin MST sun nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na iyali da daidaitawa bayan magani da haɓaka tallafi, da rage rikici-ƙiyayya <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henggeler |first=Scott W. |last2=Letourneau |first2=Elizabeth J. |last3=Chapman |first3=Jason E. |last4=Borduin |first4=Charles M. |last5=Schewe |first5=Paul A. |last6=McCart |first6=Michael R. |date=2009 |title=Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. |url= |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=451–462 |doi=10.1037/a0013971 |issn=1939-2117 |pmc=2744326 |pmid=19485587}}</ref> Babban manufofin hanyar sun haɗa da a) kawar da matsalolin halayyar, b) inganta aikin iyali, c) ƙarfafa ikon matasa don yin aiki mafi kyau a makaranta da sauran saitunan al'umma, da d) rage matsayi na waje <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chang |first=Jeff |date=October 2011 |title=Mastering competencies in family therapy: A practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |journal=Journal of Marital and Family Therapy |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=503–504 |doi=10.1111/j.1752-0606.2011.00267_1.x |issn=0194-472X}}</ref> == Rikici == {{Gyara Fassara}} [[Fafutukar haƙƙin naƙasasu|Disability rights]] organizations, such as the Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, oppose placement in RTC programs, calling into question the appropriateness and efficacy of such placements, noting the failure of such programs to address problems in the child's home and community environment, and calling attention to the limited mental-health services offered and substandard educational programs. Concerns related to a specific type of residential treatment center called therapeutic boarding schools include: * Hanyoyin da ba su dace ba, * Rashin kulawar likita, * ƙuntataccen sadarwa kamar rashin samun damar samun kariya ga yara da wayar da kan jama'a, da * rashin saka idanu da tsari. Bazelon yana inganta ayyukan da ke tattare da al'umma bisa la'akari da cewa sun fi tasiri kuma ba su da tsada fiye da sanyawa a cikin gida. Wani rahoto na 2007 ga Majalisa daga Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati (GAO) ya gano shari'o'in da suka shafi mummunar cin zarafi da sakaci a wasu daga cikin wadannan shirye-shiryen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Office |first=U.S. Government Accountability |date=2007-10-10 |title=Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth |url=https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-08-146T |issue=GAO-08-146T}}</ref> Daga ƙarshen 2007 zuwa 2008, babban hadin gwiwar masu zaman kansu, da kuma shahararrun kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]] kamar Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate Use of Residential Treatment (ASTART) da Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth (CAFETY), sun ba da shaida da tallafi wanda ya haifar da kirkirar Stop Child Abuse in Residential Programs for Matters Act of 2008 ta Kwamitin Majalisawa da Aiki. Jon Martin-Crawford da Kathryn Whitehead na CAFETY sun ba da shaida a wani sauraron Kwamitin Majalisa na Amurka kan Ilimi da Aiki a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan zamba da suka samu a Makarantar Gidauniyar Iyali da Makarantar Mountain, duka makarantun kwana na warkewa. Saboda rashin ka'idojin waɗannan shirye-shiryen da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi kuma saboda mutane da yawa ba sa ƙarƙashin lasisi ko saka idanu na jihar, <ref name="FTC Urges Caution">[https://www.ftc.gov/opa/2008/07/residentialfyi.shtm Evaluating Private Residential Treatment Programs for Troubled Teens, FTC Urges Caution When Considering 'Boot Camps'], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Hukumar Ciniki ta Tarayya ta ba da jagora ga iyaye da ke la'akari da irin wannan sanyawa. <ref name="Facts for Consumers">[https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0185-residential-treatment-programs-teens Considering a Private Residential Treatment Program for a Troubled Teen? Questions for Parents and Guardians to Ask], [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC Federal Trade Commission]], Retrieved May 1, 2009</ref> Sau da yawa ana kama shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje a cikin wuta a lokacin gwagwarmayar kula da kulawa, yayin da iyaye da aka hana kula da su ke ƙoƙarin lalata matar da ke adawa da shirin magani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Child Custody Changes |url=http://www.womansdivorce.com/child-custody-changes.html |access-date=2016-05-25 |website=WomansDivorce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Giving up and Regaining Custody |url=http://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/pbGivingUpCustody.pdf}}</ref> == Bincike kan tasiri == Nazarin hanyoyin magani daban-daban sun gano cewa maganin zama yana da tasiri ga mutanen da ke da dogon tarihin halayyar jaraba ko aikata laifuka.<ref name="ArchPsy">A National Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Cocaine Dependence; D. Dwayne Simpson, PhD; George W. Joe, EdD; Bennett W. Fletcher, PhD; Robert L. Hubbard, PhD; M. Douglas Anglin, PhD; Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56:507-514. [http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/56/6/507 Abstract]</ref><ref name="CoercedTreatment">Effectiveness of coerced addiction treatment (alternative consequences) A review of the clinical research; Norman S. Miller M.D. and Joseph A. Flaherty M.D.b.; Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 9-16 (January 2000) [http://www.journalofsubstanceabusetreatment.com/article/S0740-5472(99)00073-2/abstract Abstract]</ref><ref name="NIH-1">[http://www.nida.nih.gov/Infofacts/TreatMeth.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA InfoFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. Aug. 2007. 18 Oct. 2007.]</ref><ref name="NIH2">[http://www.drugabuse.gov/PODAT/PODATIndex.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research Based Guide. Feb. 2005. 18 Oct. 2007.]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> RTCs suna ba da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don magance takamaiman bukatun fursunoni. Duk da jayayya game da ingancin (RTCs), binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa shirye-shiryen kula da gidaje na al'umma suna da sakamako mai kyau na dogon lokaci ga yara da matasa tare da matsalolin halayyar. Wadanda suka halarci shirin matukin jirgi da ke amfani da kulawa ta iyali da kuma samfurin takwarorinsu mai kyau ba su nuna wani abin da ya faru na tserewa ba, halayyar cutar kai, ko tashin hankali na jiki, kuma kawai lamari ɗaya na lalacewar dukiya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar sarrafawa (Holstead, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holstead J., Dalton J., Horne A., Lamond D. |year=2010 |title=Modernizing residential treatment centers for children and youth – an informed approach to improve long-term outcomes: The Damar pilot |journal=Child Welfare |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=115–130 |pmid=20857883}}</ref>  Nasarar magani ga yara a cikin RTCs ya dogara sosai da asalin su watau, yanayin su, halin da ake ciki, yanayi da halin da ake yi kafin fara magani. Yaran da suka nuna ƙananan matsalolin halayyar ciki da waje a lokacin cin abinci kuma suna da ƙananan matakin fallasawa ga abubuwan muhalli marasa kyau (misali, tashin hankali na gida, amfani da kayan iyaye, yawan aikata laifuka), sun nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da yara waɗanda alamun su sun fi tsanani (den Dunnen, 2012).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Den Dunnen W., St, Pierre J., Stewart S.L., Johnson A., Cook S., Leschied A.W. |year=2012 |title=Predicting residential treatment outcomes for emotionally and behaviorally disordered youth: The role of pretreatment factors |journal=Residential Treatment for Children & Youth |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2012.642268 |s2cid=954787}}</ref> Ƙarin bincike ya nuna cewa maganin da aka tsara, ko sanin lokacin da ake tsammani na magani, yana da alaƙa sosai da sakamako mai kyau na magani. Sakamakon dogon lokaci ga yara ta amfani da maganin da aka tsara ya nuna cewa suna da kashi 21% da ba za su iya shiga cikin halayyar aikata laifuka ba kuma kashi 40% da ba za a iya buƙatar asibiti don matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa (Lindqvist, 2010).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lindqvist E |year=2010 |title=Planned treatment and outcomes in residential youth care: Evidence from Sweden |url=http://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |journal=Children and Youth Services Review |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=21–27 |doi=10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.08.007 |access-date=2024-07-13 |archive-date=2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713055647/https://www.ifn.se/wfiles/wp/wp834.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai ƙarin shaidu da ke tallafawa tasirin RTCs na dogon lokaci ga yara da ke nuna matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Preyde (2011) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Preyde M., Frensch K., Cameron G., White S., Penny R., Lazure K. |year=2011 |title=Long-term outcomes of children and youth accessing residential or intensive home-based treatment: Three year follow up. |journal=Journal of Child and Family Studies |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=660–668 |doi=10.1007/s10826-010-9442-z |s2cid=72582607}}</ref> ya gano cewa abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar ƙididdiga a cikin tsananin bayyanar cututtuka watanni 12-18 bayan barin RTC, sakamakon da aka kiyaye watanni 36-40 bayan an sallame su daga wurin. Koyaya, kodayake akwai bincike mai yawa da ke tallafawa ingancin RTCs a matsayin hanyar kula da yara da matasa tare da rikice-rikicen halayyar, ba a san komai game da ayyukan sa ido na irin waɗannan wuraren ba. Wadanda ke bin diddigin abokan ciniki bayan sun bar RTC suna yin hakan ne kawai na matsakaicin watanni shida. Don ci gaba da samar da ingantaccen magani na dogon lokaci ga mutanen da ke cikin haɗari, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa saka idanu kan sakamakon bayan an sallame su daga maganin zama (JD Brown, 2011).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brown J.D., Barrett K., Ireys H.T., Allen K., Blau G. |year=2011 |title=Outcomes monitoring after discharge from residential treatment facilities for children and youth |journal=Residential Treatment for Children and Youth |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=303–310 |doi=10.1080/0886571x.2011.615237 |s2cid=71997407}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ke hana tasirin RTCs shine tserewa ko "tsere". Binciken da Kashubeck ya yi ya gano cewa masu tserewa daga RTCs "mafi yiwuwa su sami tarihin tserewa, tarihin da ake zargi da cin zarafin jima'i, bincike na rikice-rikice, da iyaye waɗanda aka dakatar da hakkinsu."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kashubeck |first=Susan |last2=Pottebaum |first2=Sheila M. |last3=Read |first3=Nancy O. |year=1994 |title=Predicting elopement from residential treatment centers. |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=126–135 |doi=10.1037/h0079498 |pmid=8147421 |s2cid=19592323}}</ref> Ta hanyar amfani da waɗannan halaye na marasa lafiya a cikin ƙirar magani, RTCs na iya samun nasara wajen rage tserewa kuma in ba haka ba inganta yiwuwar nasarar abokan ciniki. == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist|33em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == *   == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ddxpfsjkn3sir1su6epy4zgrsaxrcj9 0 82060 839396 497659 2026-05-23T16:32:04Z Em-mustapha 6594 Restored revision 320075 by [[Special:Contributions/Atakhanli|Atakhanli]] ([[User talk:Atakhanli|talk]]): Yanayi mai kyau kafin hargitsa shafin (TwinkleGlobal) 839396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi04.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi01.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] '''Pichai Sundararajan''' (An haife shi a ranan 12 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 1972), anfi saninsa da '''Sundar Pichai'''(furucci|'''''ˈ|sʊndɑr|_pɪˈtʃaɪ'''''), yakasance [[Indiyawan Amurka|Ba-Indiyen Amurka]] kuma [[Mutanen Tamil|mutumin Tamil]] ne<ref name="School days">{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-12/news/65490363_1_sundar-pichai-school-days-google-ceo |title=The rapid climb of Sundar Pichai to technology peak: From school days to Silicon Valley |last1=Vaitheesvaran |first1=Bharani |last2=Elizabeth |first2=Shilpa |date=August 12, 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Adith|last=Charlie|title=Google gets new parent Alphabet; Sundar Pichai becomes CEO of Google|url=https://www.vccircle.com/google-gets-new-parent-alphabet-sundar-pichai-becomes-ceo-google/|date=August 11, 2015|publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> wanda babban dan'kasuwa ne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/sundar-pichai-emerges-unscathed-in-test-case-for-foreign-born-ceos/articleshow/67065044.cms|title=Sundar Pichai emerges unscathed in test case for foreign-born CEOs}}</ref> shine [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) na kamfanin [[Google LLC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Googles-Sundar-Pichai-too-in-race-to-head-Microsoft/articleshow/29732831.cms |title=Google's Sundar Pichai too in race to head Microsoft?|publisher=''Times of India'' |date= February 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="siliconindia.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |title=Sundar Pichai; man who runs Chrome at Google |publisher=Siliconindia.com |date=May 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/alphabet-pichai-sundararajan/ | location=Hyderabad, India | work=TNP LIVE | title=New CEO of Google alphabet Pichai Sundararajan | date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> Ada yarike the Product Chief of Google,mukamin Pichai na yanzu anbashi ne tun a ranan 10 ga watan August, 2015, amatsayin sake tsarin gudanar da kamfanin da akeyi da ya samar da kafa [[Alphabet Inc.]] zuwa cikin Google's [[parent company]],<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html|title=G is for Google|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> kuma yafara aiki ne daga October 2, 2015.<ref name=8-K>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000119312515336577/d82837d8k12b.htm|title=SEC Filing (Form 8-K) by Alphabet Inc.|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitchai, Sundar}} f8g90zrojmfwyvwryck4spkx4jdn9i0 839403 839396 2026-05-23T16:42:41Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Rayuwarsa */ +ƙara bayanai 839403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi04.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi01.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] '''Pichai Sundararajan''' (An haife shi a ranan 12 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 1972), anfi saninsa da '''Sundar Pichai'''(furucci|'''''ˈ|sʊndɑr|_pɪˈtʃaɪ'''''), yakasance [[Indiyawan Amurka|Ba-Indiyen Amurka]] kuma [[Mutanen Tamil|mutumin Tamil]] ne<ref name="School days">{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-12/news/65490363_1_sundar-pichai-school-days-google-ceo |title=The rapid climb of Sundar Pichai to technology peak: From school days to Silicon Valley |last1=Vaitheesvaran |first1=Bharani |last2=Elizabeth |first2=Shilpa |date=August 12, 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Adith|last=Charlie|title=Google gets new parent Alphabet; Sundar Pichai becomes CEO of Google|url=https://www.vccircle.com/google-gets-new-parent-alphabet-sundar-pichai-becomes-ceo-google/|date=August 11, 2015|publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> wanda babban dan'kasuwa ne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/sundar-pichai-emerges-unscathed-in-test-case-for-foreign-born-ceos/articleshow/67065044.cms|title=Sundar Pichai emerges unscathed in test case for foreign-born CEOs}}</ref> shine [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) na kamfanin [[Google LLC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Googles-Sundar-Pichai-too-in-race-to-head-Microsoft/articleshow/29732831.cms |title=Google's Sundar Pichai too in race to head Microsoft?|publisher=''Times of India'' |date= February 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="siliconindia.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |title=Sundar Pichai; man who runs Chrome at Google |publisher=Siliconindia.com |date=May 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/alphabet-pichai-sundararajan/ | location=Hyderabad, India | work=TNP LIVE | title=New CEO of Google alphabet Pichai Sundararajan | date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> Ada yarike the Product Chief of Google,mukamin Pichai na yanzu anbashi ne tun a ranan 10 ga watan August, 2015, amatsayin sake tsarin gudanar da kamfanin da akeyi da ya samar da kafa [[Alphabet Inc.]] zuwa cikin Google's [[parent company]],<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html|title=G is for Google|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> kuma yafara aiki ne daga October 2, 2015.<ref name=8-K>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000119312515336577/d82837d8k12b.htm|title=SEC Filing (Form 8-K) by Alphabet Inc.|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa == Pichai ya auri Anjali Pichai (née Haryani) kuma suna da yara biyu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrabi |first1=Thomas |title=Who is Google CEO Sundar Pichai? |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |website=FOXBusiness |date=December 5, 2018 |access-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120172523/https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |url-status=live }}</ref> Anjali ƴar asalin [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], Indiya. Sun shaƙu da juna ne a lokacin da suke karatu a [[IIT Kharagpur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=कोटा से सुंदर पिचाई की पत्नी अंजलि पिचाई से मिलें; उनकी दूरदर्शिता ने Google CEO के लिए प्रति दिन 5 करोड़ रुपये का वेतन सुनिश्चित किया|website=DNA India|date=April 22, 2023|language=hi|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|access-date=June 24, 2023|archive-date=June 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624022359/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayyukan da ya fi so na motsa jiki su ne [[wasan gora]] da [[wasan ƙwallon ƙafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|website=F.C Barcelona website|title=Sundar Pichai visits FC Barcelona|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=March 2, 2017|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015110212/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma PunitJ|first=Itika|url=https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp|title=Sundar Pichai just proved that you can take an Indian out of India but not India out of an Indian|website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz India]]|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=June 24, 2019|archive-date=June 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623202630/https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana zaune ne a [[Los Altos Hills, California]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |title=Inside Sundar Pichai's ultra-luxurious California house that has an infinity pool, wine cellar; Know about his $226 million salary, net worth & lifestyle |date=May 16, 2023 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dineen |first=J.K. |date=February 25, 2023 |title=One developer is seeking the builder's remedy in two Silicon Valley cities. Here's how the responses have been different |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitchai, Sundar}} ts7zehzab199po8mdkye1hu8ww7vsii 839404 839403 2026-05-23T16:43:04Z Em-mustapha 6594 added [[Category:Rayayyu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 839404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi04.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi01.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] '''Pichai Sundararajan''' (An haife shi a ranan 12 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 1972), anfi saninsa da '''Sundar Pichai'''(furucci|'''''ˈ|sʊndɑr|_pɪˈtʃaɪ'''''), yakasance [[Indiyawan Amurka|Ba-Indiyen Amurka]] kuma [[Mutanen Tamil|mutumin Tamil]] ne<ref name="School days">{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-12/news/65490363_1_sundar-pichai-school-days-google-ceo |title=The rapid climb of Sundar Pichai to technology peak: From school days to Silicon Valley |last1=Vaitheesvaran |first1=Bharani |last2=Elizabeth |first2=Shilpa |date=August 12, 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Adith|last=Charlie|title=Google gets new parent Alphabet; Sundar Pichai becomes CEO of Google|url=https://www.vccircle.com/google-gets-new-parent-alphabet-sundar-pichai-becomes-ceo-google/|date=August 11, 2015|publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> wanda babban dan'kasuwa ne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/sundar-pichai-emerges-unscathed-in-test-case-for-foreign-born-ceos/articleshow/67065044.cms|title=Sundar Pichai emerges unscathed in test case for foreign-born CEOs}}</ref> shine [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) na kamfanin [[Google LLC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Googles-Sundar-Pichai-too-in-race-to-head-Microsoft/articleshow/29732831.cms |title=Google's Sundar Pichai too in race to head Microsoft?|publisher=''Times of India'' |date= February 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="siliconindia.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |title=Sundar Pichai; man who runs Chrome at Google |publisher=Siliconindia.com |date=May 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/alphabet-pichai-sundararajan/ | location=Hyderabad, India | work=TNP LIVE | title=New CEO of Google alphabet Pichai Sundararajan | date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> Ada yarike the Product Chief of Google,mukamin Pichai na yanzu anbashi ne tun a ranan 10 ga watan August, 2015, amatsayin sake tsarin gudanar da kamfanin da akeyi da ya samar da kafa [[Alphabet Inc.]] zuwa cikin Google's [[parent company]],<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html|title=G is for Google|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> kuma yafara aiki ne daga October 2, 2015.<ref name=8-K>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000119312515336577/d82837d8k12b.htm|title=SEC Filing (Form 8-K) by Alphabet Inc.|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa == Pichai ya auri Anjali Pichai (née Haryani) kuma suna da yara biyu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrabi |first1=Thomas |title=Who is Google CEO Sundar Pichai? |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |website=FOXBusiness |date=December 5, 2018 |access-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120172523/https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |url-status=live }}</ref> Anjali ƴar asalin [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], Indiya. Sun shaƙu da juna ne a lokacin da suke karatu a [[IIT Kharagpur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=कोटा से सुंदर पिचाई की पत्नी अंजलि पिचाई से मिलें; उनकी दूरदर्शिता ने Google CEO के लिए प्रति दिन 5 करोड़ रुपये का वेतन सुनिश्चित किया|website=DNA India|date=April 22, 2023|language=hi|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|access-date=June 24, 2023|archive-date=June 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624022359/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayyukan da ya fi so na motsa jiki su ne [[wasan gora]] da [[wasan ƙwallon ƙafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|website=F.C Barcelona website|title=Sundar Pichai visits FC Barcelona|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=March 2, 2017|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015110212/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma PunitJ|first=Itika|url=https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp|title=Sundar Pichai just proved that you can take an Indian out of India but not India out of an Indian|website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz India]]|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=June 24, 2019|archive-date=June 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623202630/https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana zaune ne a [[Los Altos Hills, California]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |title=Inside Sundar Pichai's ultra-luxurious California house that has an infinity pool, wine cellar; Know about his $226 million salary, net worth & lifestyle |date=May 16, 2023 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dineen |first=J.K. |date=February 25, 2023 |title=One developer is seeking the builder's remedy in two Silicon Valley cities. Here's how the responses have been different |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitchai, Sundar}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyu]] mt55s3x6qdtmq5ctbnx8q5mj469rktf 839405 839404 2026-05-23T16:43:17Z Em-mustapha 6594 removed [[Category:Rayayyu]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 839405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi04.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi01.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] '''Pichai Sundararajan''' (An haife shi a ranan 12 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 1972), anfi saninsa da '''Sundar Pichai'''(furucci|'''''ˈ|sʊndɑr|_pɪˈtʃaɪ'''''), yakasance [[Indiyawan Amurka|Ba-Indiyen Amurka]] kuma [[Mutanen Tamil|mutumin Tamil]] ne<ref name="School days">{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-12/news/65490363_1_sundar-pichai-school-days-google-ceo |title=The rapid climb of Sundar Pichai to technology peak: From school days to Silicon Valley |last1=Vaitheesvaran |first1=Bharani |last2=Elizabeth |first2=Shilpa |date=August 12, 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Adith|last=Charlie|title=Google gets new parent Alphabet; Sundar Pichai becomes CEO of Google|url=https://www.vccircle.com/google-gets-new-parent-alphabet-sundar-pichai-becomes-ceo-google/|date=August 11, 2015|publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> wanda babban dan'kasuwa ne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/sundar-pichai-emerges-unscathed-in-test-case-for-foreign-born-ceos/articleshow/67065044.cms|title=Sundar Pichai emerges unscathed in test case for foreign-born CEOs}}</ref> shine [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) na kamfanin [[Google LLC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Googles-Sundar-Pichai-too-in-race-to-head-Microsoft/articleshow/29732831.cms |title=Google's Sundar Pichai too in race to head Microsoft?|publisher=''Times of India'' |date= February 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="siliconindia.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |title=Sundar Pichai; man who runs Chrome at Google |publisher=Siliconindia.com |date=May 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/alphabet-pichai-sundararajan/ | location=Hyderabad, India | work=TNP LIVE | title=New CEO of Google alphabet Pichai Sundararajan | date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> Ada yarike the Product Chief of Google,mukamin Pichai na yanzu anbashi ne tun a ranan 10 ga watan August, 2015, amatsayin sake tsarin gudanar da kamfanin da akeyi da ya samar da kafa [[Alphabet Inc.]] zuwa cikin Google's [[parent company]],<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html|title=G is for Google|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> kuma yafara aiki ne daga October 2, 2015.<ref name=8-K>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000119312515336577/d82837d8k12b.htm|title=SEC Filing (Form 8-K) by Alphabet Inc.|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa == Pichai ya auri Anjali Pichai (née Haryani) kuma suna da yara biyu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrabi |first1=Thomas |title=Who is Google CEO Sundar Pichai? |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |website=FOXBusiness |date=December 5, 2018 |access-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120172523/https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |url-status=live }}</ref> Anjali ƴar asalin [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], Indiya. Sun shaƙu da juna ne a lokacin da suke karatu a [[IIT Kharagpur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=कोटा से सुंदर पिचाई की पत्नी अंजलि पिचाई से मिलें; उनकी दूरदर्शिता ने Google CEO के लिए प्रति दिन 5 करोड़ रुपये का वेतन सुनिश्चित किया|website=DNA India|date=April 22, 2023|language=hi|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|access-date=June 24, 2023|archive-date=June 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624022359/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayyukan da ya fi so na motsa jiki su ne [[wasan gora]] da [[wasan ƙwallon ƙafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|website=F.C Barcelona website|title=Sundar Pichai visits FC Barcelona|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=March 2, 2017|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015110212/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma PunitJ|first=Itika|url=https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp|title=Sundar Pichai just proved that you can take an Indian out of India but not India out of an Indian|website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz India]]|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=June 24, 2019|archive-date=June 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623202630/https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana zaune ne a [[Los Altos Hills, California]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |title=Inside Sundar Pichai's ultra-luxurious California house that has an infinity pool, wine cellar; Know about his $226 million salary, net worth & lifestyle |date=May 16, 2023 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dineen |first=J.K. |date=February 25, 2023 |title=One developer is seeking the builder's remedy in two Silicon Valley cities. Here's how the responses have been different |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitchai, Sundar}} ts7zehzab199po8mdkye1hu8ww7vsii 839406 839405 2026-05-23T16:43:43Z Em-mustapha 6594 added [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 839406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi04.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] [[File:Vietnamese IT community Meets Google CEO Sundar Pichai at Hanoi01.jpg|thumb|Sundar Pichai]] '''Pichai Sundararajan''' (An haife shi a ranan 12 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 1972), anfi saninsa da '''Sundar Pichai'''(furucci|'''''ˈ|sʊndɑr|_pɪˈtʃaɪ'''''), yakasance [[Indiyawan Amurka|Ba-Indiyen Amurka]] kuma [[Mutanen Tamil|mutumin Tamil]] ne<ref name="School days">{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-08-12/news/65490363_1_sundar-pichai-school-days-google-ceo |title=The rapid climb of Sundar Pichai to technology peak: From school days to Silicon Valley |last1=Vaitheesvaran |first1=Bharani |last2=Elizabeth |first2=Shilpa |date=August 12, 2015 |website=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Adith|last=Charlie|title=Google gets new parent Alphabet; Sundar Pichai becomes CEO of Google|url=https://www.vccircle.com/google-gets-new-parent-alphabet-sundar-pichai-becomes-ceo-google/|date=August 11, 2015|publisher=[[VCCircle]]}}</ref> wanda babban dan'kasuwa ne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/sundar-pichai-emerges-unscathed-in-test-case-for-foreign-born-ceos/articleshow/67065044.cms|title=Sundar Pichai emerges unscathed in test case for foreign-born CEOs}}</ref> shine [[Chief executive officer|Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) na kamfanin [[Google LLC]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-news/internet/Googles-Sundar-Pichai-too-in-race-to-head-Microsoft/articleshow/29732831.cms |title=Google's Sundar Pichai too in race to head Microsoft?|publisher=''Times of India'' |date= February 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name="siliconindia.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Sundar_Pichai_man_who_runs_Chrome_at_Google-nid-83441-cid-3.html |title=Sundar Pichai; man who runs Chrome at Google |publisher=Siliconindia.com |date=May 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/alphabet-pichai-sundararajan/ | location=Hyderabad, India | work=TNP LIVE | title=New CEO of Google alphabet Pichai Sundararajan | date=August 11, 2015}}</ref> Ada yarike the Product Chief of Google,mukamin Pichai na yanzu anbashi ne tun a ranan 10 ga watan August, 2015, amatsayin sake tsarin gudanar da kamfanin da akeyi da ya samar da kafa [[Alphabet Inc.]] zuwa cikin Google's [[parent company]],<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html|title=G is for Google|work=Official Google Blog}}</ref> kuma yafara aiki ne daga October 2, 2015.<ref name=8-K>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1652044/000119312515336577/d82837d8k12b.htm|title=SEC Filing (Form 8-K) by Alphabet Inc.|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa == Pichai ya auri Anjali Pichai (née Haryani) kuma suna da yara biyu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barrabi |first1=Thomas |title=Who is Google CEO Sundar Pichai? |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |website=FOXBusiness |date=December 5, 2018 |access-date=December 24, 2020 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120172523/https://www.foxbusiness.com/business-leaders/who-is-sundar-pichai-google-ceo-at-center-of-political-bias-dispute |url-status=live }}</ref> Anjali ƴar asalin [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], Indiya. Sun shaƙu da juna ne a lokacin da suke karatu a [[IIT Kharagpur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=कोटा से सुंदर पिचाई की पत्नी अंजलि पिचाई से मिलें; उनकी दूरदर्शिता ने Google CEO के लिए प्रति दिन 5 करोड़ रुपये का वेतन सुनिश्चित किया|website=DNA India|date=April 22, 2023|language=hi|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|access-date=June 24, 2023|archive-date=June 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624022359/https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-meet-anjali-pichai-sundar-pichai-s-wife-from-kota-her-foresight-ensured-rs-5-crore-per-day-salary-for-google-3037962|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayyukan da ya fi so na motsa jiki su ne [[wasan gora]] da [[wasan ƙwallon ƙafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|website=F.C Barcelona website|title=Sundar Pichai visits FC Barcelona|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=March 2, 2017|archive-date=October 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015110212/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/photos/774947/sundar-pichai-googles-ceo-visits-the-club-02-03-17|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Sharma PunitJ|first=Itika|url=https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp|title=Sundar Pichai just proved that you can take an Indian out of India but not India out of an Indian|website=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz India]]|access-date=December 4, 2019|date=June 24, 2019|archive-date=June 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623202630/https://qz.com/india/1643816/googles-sundar-pichai-roots-for-india-and-england-cricket-teams/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana zaune ne a [[Los Altos Hills, California]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |title=Inside Sundar Pichai's ultra-luxurious California house that has an infinity pool, wine cellar; Know about his $226 million salary, net worth & lifestyle |date=May 16, 2023 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/inside-sundar-pichais-ultra-luxurious-california-house-that-has-an-infinity-pool-wine-cellar-know-about-his-226-million-salary-net-worth-lifestyle/3057802/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dineen |first=J.K. |date=February 25, 2023 |title=One developer is seeking the builder's remedy in two Silicon Valley cities. Here's how the responses have been different |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=October 1, 2023 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021230418/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/mountain-view-los-altos-hills-diverging-builder-s-17804110.php |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pitchai, Sundar}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2zxr9rt3twjp3ua9osnf294zpsswpe3 0 84109 839527 707736 2026-05-23T23:12:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Rt. Revd Clement Nathan Ekpeye(DSSRS, JP, AP) Pioneer Bishop bishop ne na Anglican a Najeriya:shi ne Bishop na Ahoada na yanzu daya daga cikin tara a lardin Anglican na Niger Delta,shi kansa daya. na 14 a cikin Cocin Najeriya.Rt. Revd. Clement Nathan Ekpeye an nada shi Bishop na sabuwar cocin Anglican Diocese na Ahoada a ranar 25 ga Yulin shekarar 2004 a cocin Cathedral na Advent, Abuja.A cikin 1952, an zana wata sabuwar diocese daga yankin Neja-Delta mai suna Diocese na Neja-Delta da Ahoada kuma kewayenta ya zama wani ɓangare na wannan Diocese. Ahoada yana da cikakken coci a karkashin sabon Diocese, ya zama hukuma kuma daga baya kuma Archdeaconry wanda ya hada da Ekepye, Egene, Abua, Ogba, Egbema, Ndoni, Ahoada yanzu Diocese ce da kanta, don haka yanzu ana kiranta da sunan Diocese na Ahoada daga Yulin shekara ta 2004 tare da Cocin Saint Paul a matsayin Cathedral.Tunanin samar da sabbin majami'u daga DNDN ya samo asali ne daga jawabin shugaban kasa na bishop Elenwo da ya gabatar a zaman taro na uku na Majalisar Dattijai na farko a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1999. A cikin shekara takwas da wanzuwarta DNDN ta fara haifuwar diocese ta farko. na DNDN don tabbatar da tsarin ci gabanta. An kafa Archdeaconries na Ahoada, Omoku da Upata a matsayin diocese wanda aka amince da shi a taron kwamitin riko na CofN da aka gudanar a Ilesha, 9-13 ga Maris, 2004. Don tabbatar da amincewar, an zabi Clement Nathan Ekpeye sannan Archdeacon na Tai. An haife shi ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1954 a Odiabidi a masarautar Ekpeye na karamar hukumar Ahoada ta Gabas; Clement ya sami kafa fastoci a Trinity Theological kwalejin Umuahia.An naɗa shi diacon 18 ga Yuli, 1993 kuma ya nada shi limamin 17 ga Yuli, 1994 ta Bishop Samuel Elenwo a karkashin DND. Allahntakar Anglican kuma ya fifita kuma ya dora shi Canon na St Paul's Cathedral, Diobu-Port Harcourt Afrilu 6, 1997 bi da bi. Bishop Kattey ya nada Clement Administrator na Tai Archdeaconry Afrilu 10, 2009 da Archdeacon Nuwamba 2, 2003. Shi da matarsa ​​Edna, da aminci limaman cocin St. Patrick’s Edeoha, St. Paul’s Ahoada, St. John’s Ihuowo. , Triniti Mai Tsarki Rumuapara, St John’s Ndele da Triniti Mai Tsarki Norwa. Tufafin kiwon sabuwar diocese ya fado masa kuma Primate Peter J. Akinola ya tsarkake shi a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2004 a cocin Cathedral Church of the Advent, Life Camp, Gwarinpa Abuja (Onu, 2014). Bayan kwana biyu, 27 ga Yuli, aka naɗa shi Bishop na Ahoada Diocese a Cathedral Church of Saint Paul Ahoada. ==manazarta== 1:http://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese.aspx?church=nigeria&dio=ahoada {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201005818/https://www.anglicancommunion.org/structures/member-churches/member-church/diocese.aspx?church=nigeria&dio=ahoada |date=2023-12-01 }} 2:https://www.today.ng/news/metro/anglican-bishop-kidnapped-rivers-180679 3:https://www.anglicannews.org/news/2018/12/bishop-of-ahoada-clement-ekpeye-kidnapped-by-unknown-gunmen-in-nigerias-rivers-state.aspx nwl89kbg6ln86y0b749iblph8ntlmz3 0 85595 839374 736240 2026-05-23T15:45:30Z Em-mustapha 6594 Em-mustapha moved page [[12 Gidajen]] to [[12 Storeys]] without leaving a redirect 736240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''12 Storeys''' (十二樓 ko ''Shí'èr lóu'' a Mandarin) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Singapore na 1997 wanda Eric Khoo ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar Jack Neo, Koh Boon Pin da Quan Yi Fong. An kuma nuna shi a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na shekarar 1997. <ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{Cite web |title=Festival de Cannes: 12 Storeys |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4847/year/1997.html |access-date=25 September 2009 |website=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> == Labarin Fim== Fim ɗin ya biyo bayan rana a rayuwar iyalai da yawa da ke zaune a cikin wannan rukunin HDB. Wani mai sayar da miya mai suna Ah Gu yana da wahalar ma'amala da matarsa ta Mainland China, Lily. San San, mai kiba mai zaman kanta, tana fama da jin daɗinta na warewa da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar mahaifiyarta da ta mutu. Meng, Trixie da Tee 'yan uwa ne da aka bari ga nasu na'urorin lokacin da iyayensu suka tafi hutu. == Ƴan Wasan Fim == * Jack Neo a matsayin Ah Gu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Grasping at Singaporean Malaise, ‘12 Storeys’ Is an Outstanding Family Drama Still Relevant 20 Years On |url=https://www.sinema.sg/2020/08/04/12-storeys-review/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Sinema.SG |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Koh Boon Pin a matsayin Meng * Quan Yi Fong (an san shi da Chuang Yi Fong) a matsayin Lily * Lum May Yee a matsayin Trixie * Lucilla Teoh a matsayin San * Ritz Lim a matsayin Ruhu * Roderick Lim a matsayin Tee * Ronald Toh Chee Kong a matsayin Eddy * Loy Lok Yee a matsayin Uwar * Tan Kheng Hua a matsayin Uwar Ruhu * Neo Swee Lin a matsayin Rahila * Lim Kay Siu a matsayin Hawker * Lim Kay Tong a matsayin Markus == Karɓuwa == Derek Elley na Variety ya rubuta cewa fim din yana da "matsananciyar ban dariya", amma jinkirin sa "ya rushe ban dariya".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=13 June 1997 |title=Review: '12 Storeys' |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/12-storeys-1117341592/ |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Time Out ya kira shi "abubuwa masu basira da ƙwarewa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=12 Storeys |url=http://www.timeout.com/london/film/12-storeys |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Singapore ta ce "an dauke ta da gudummawa ga farfado da fina-finai na gida". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|title=12 Storeys}} * [http://zhaowei.com/12-storeys-1997%20 Fim din Zhao Wei]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 23ntpn11uv0g6c6un7zies9of9hrjuv 839375 839374 2026-05-23T15:46:37Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ m 839375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''12 Storeys''' (十二樓 ko ''Shí'èr lóu'' a Mandarin) da '''''Hausa''''' '''Hawa 12''', fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Singapore na 1997 wanda Eric Khoo ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar Jack Neo, Koh Boon Pin da Quan Yi Fong. An kuma nuna shi a cikin sashin Un Certain Regard a bikin fina-finai na Cannes na shekarar 1997. <ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{Cite web |title=Festival de Cannes: 12 Storeys |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/4847/year/1997.html |access-date=25 September 2009 |website=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> == Labarin Fim== Fim ɗin ya biyo bayan rana a rayuwar iyalai da yawa da ke zaune a cikin wannan rukunin HDB. Wani mai sayar da miya mai suna Ah Gu yana da wahalar ma'amala da matarsa ta Mainland China, Lily. San San, mai kiba mai zaman kanta, tana fama da jin daɗinta na warewa da kuma ƙwaƙwalwar mahaifiyarta da ta mutu. Meng, Trixie da Tee 'yan uwa ne da aka bari ga nasu na'urorin lokacin da iyayensu suka tafi hutu. == Ƴan Wasan Fim == * Jack Neo a matsayin Ah Gu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Grasping at Singaporean Malaise, ‘12 Storeys’ Is an Outstanding Family Drama Still Relevant 20 Years On |url=https://www.sinema.sg/2020/08/04/12-storeys-review/ |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=Sinema.SG |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Koh Boon Pin a matsayin Meng * Quan Yi Fong (an san shi da Chuang Yi Fong) a matsayin Lily * Lum May Yee a matsayin Trixie * Lucilla Teoh a matsayin San * Ritz Lim a matsayin Ruhu * Roderick Lim a matsayin Tee * Ronald Toh Chee Kong a matsayin Eddy * Loy Lok Yee a matsayin Uwar * Tan Kheng Hua a matsayin Uwar Ruhu * Neo Swee Lin a matsayin Rahila * Lim Kay Siu a matsayin Hawker * Lim Kay Tong a matsayin Markus == Karɓuwa == Derek Elley na Variety ya rubuta cewa fim din yana da "matsananciyar ban dariya", amma jinkirin sa "ya rushe ban dariya".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elley |first=Derek |date=13 June 1997 |title=Review: '12 Storeys' |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/12-storeys-1117341592/ |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Time Out ya kira shi "abubuwa masu basira da ƙwarewa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=12 Storeys |url=http://www.timeout.com/london/film/12-storeys |access-date=2 April 2016 |website=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Singapore ta ce "an dauke ta da gudummawa ga farfado da fina-finai na gida". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|title=12 Storeys}} * [http://zhaowei.com/12-storeys-1997%20 Fim din Zhao Wei]{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2qxonysgukc3eug7l07302mwhrbrx4w 0 86506 839564 596810 2026-05-24T04:25:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Danjuma''' ko '''Jume''' mace kuma '''Jummai''' ko '''Juma''' suna ne da [[Hausawa]] mazauna [[Afirka ta Yamma|yammacin Afirka]] ke amfani da shi . Acikin harshen Hausa, Danjuma na nufin “wanda aka haifa ranar Juma’a”. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Danjuma - Baby Name Meaning, Origin and Popularity |url=https://www.thebump.com/b/danjuma-baby-name#:~:text=Origin:African,masculine%20name%20of%20African%20origin. |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=www.thebump.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912125139/https://www.thebump.com/b/danjuma-baby-name#:~:text=Origin:African,masculine%20name%20of%20African%20origin. |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Fitattun mutane masu suna == * [[Arnaut Danjuma]] (an haife shi ne acikin shekara ta 1997) shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Holand * [[Caroline Danjuma]] (an haife ta ne acikin shekara ta 1975), 'yar wasan Najeriya ce * [[Christopher Danjuma]], Nigerian football manager * [[Daisy Danjuma|Daisy Ehanire Danjuma]] (an haife shi ne acikin shekara ta 1952), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Danjuma Laah]] (an haife shi ne acikin shekara ta 1960), ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Mohammed Danjuma Goje]] (an haife shi ne acikin shekara ta 1952),shi ɗan siyasan Najeriya * [[Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma|Theophilus Danjuma]] (an haife shi ne acikin shekara ta 1938), sojan Najeriya, ɗan siyasa, hamshakin attajirin ɗan kasuwa kuma ɗan agaji. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Sunayen Hausawa]] [[Rukuni:Suna]] [[Rukuni:Sunan mutane]] ekoyyj06rmkrjrubm5jj4ahimxlunbo 0 86778 839597 576751 2026-05-24T07:34:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Dersa_sauce_with_potatoes.jpg|right|thumb| Dankali tare da Dersa miya]] '''Derssa''' ( {{Lang-ar|درسة}}) sanannen kayan abinci ne a cikin abincin Aljeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title="La Dersa : une sauce algérienne simple et savoureuse" |url=https://www.marmiton.org/recettes/recette_la-dersa-une-sauce-algerienne-simple-et-savoureuse_338829.aspx |website=Marmiton}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024}}</ref> wanda yawanci ana yin ta da tafarnuwa, cumin, flakes barkono da kuma jan barkono, da man zaitun. Ana yawan amfani da ita tare da gasassun nama ko gasasshen nama, sannan kuma ana amfani da ita azaman marinade da nama ko kayan lambu kafin a dafa abinci. Tana da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri kuma galibi ana amfani da ita don ƙara ɗanɗano a cikin dishes daban-daban, Hakanan ana iya amfani da ita azaman miya da ake ci da biredi ko kayan lambu, ko azaman shimfidawa ga sandwiches ko nannade. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garet |first=Alicia |date=2021-06-08 |title=Dersa: sauce à l'ail algérienne |url=https://sosrecette.com/dersa-sauce-a-lail-algerienne/ |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=Sos Recette |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ainihin girke-girke na derssa na iya bambanta daga yanki zuwa yanki ko ma daga gida zuwa gida, tare da wasu bambance-bambancen da suka haɗa da ƙarin kayan aiki irin su coriander, ruwan lemun tsami, ko man tumatir. Duk da haka, mahimman abubuwan da ke tattare da tafarnuwa, cumin, flakes na chili, da man zaitun yawanci suna cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan kayan abinci. An san Derssa don ƙaƙƙarfan ɗanɗanon ta, kuma tana da mahimmanci a yawancin gidajen ƙasar Aljeriya. Wani lokaci ana rubuta ta da “dersa” ko “dersah”, kuma ana kiranta da “harissa” a wasu yankuna. Duk da haka, bai kamata a ruɗe shi da miya mai zafi na Arewacin Afirka wanda ake kira harissa, wanda aka yi da abubuwa daban-daban kamar gasasshen barkono ja, tafarnuwa, da kayan yaji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Courge à la dersa |url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https://www.cuisine-pied-noir.com/recette/recette_courge-a-la-dersa/#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=archive.wikiwix.com}}</ref> A cikin kayan abinci na Aljeriya, ana yin derssa ne ta hanyar niƙa ko niƙa tafarnuwa da cumin da turmi da ƙwanƙwasa ko kuma a cikin injin sarrafa abinci, sannan a haɗa a cikin jajayen barkono da man zaitun har sai an sami daidaito irin na man zaitun. Ana barin derssa don zama na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa ko na dare don ba da damar dandano su narke tare kafin a ba da su. Bugu da ƙari ga ainihin kayan abinci na tafarnuwa, cumin, flakes na chili, da man zaitun, wasu bambancin derssa na iya haɗawa da wasu kayan yaji ko kayan abinci kamar su paprika, coriander, ruwan lemun tsami, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Victoria |title="Dersa (Harissa) Algerian Hot Pepper Sauce" |url=https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/277003/dersa-harissa-algerian-hot-pepper-sauce/ |website=Allrecipes}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024}}</ref> ko manna tumatir. Madaidaicin girke-girke na derssa na iya bambanta dangane da fifiko na sirri ko al'adun yanki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dersa |url=https://www.cuisineaz.com/recettes/dersa-87660.aspx |website=CuisineAZ |access-date=2024-10-29 |archive-date=2024-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411190428/https://www.cuisineaz.com/recettes/dersa-87660.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == 8f5cqght8b28xvf621pwe5074nnf5wh 0 86992 839616 722645 2026-05-24T09:22:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Dancing Diva (Chinese) shi ne kundi na takwas na mawaƙa na kasar Taiwan Jolin Tsai . An sake shi a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2006, ta hanyar EMI da Mars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=新专辑定名《舞娘》 5月12日全亚洲同步发行-搜狐音乐 |url=http://music.yule.sohu.com/20060423/n242951244.shtml |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=music.yule.sohu.com}}</ref> Adia, Paul Lee, Peter Lee, Paula Ma, Yuri Chan, da Stanley Huang ne suka samar da shi, Dancing Diva da farko rikodin pop ne da na lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依琳专辑《舞娘》3000万打造最"玩美"飨宴_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-17/11281084331.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Masu sukar kiɗa sun karɓa sosai, waɗanda suka yaba da bambancin sa da samar da kiɗa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=娛樂星聞 |date=June 20, 2020 |title=蔡依林14年前金曲「舞孃」 MV竟藏大彩蛋？舞孃跌倒？ {{!}} 娛樂星聞 |url=https://star.setn.com/news/765044 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=star.setn.com |language=zh-Hant}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2009 |title=蔡依林十年音乐路③：EMI时期"流行教主"_娱乐_腾讯网 |url=http://ent.qq.com/a/20090323/000439_1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403215737/http://ent.qq.com/a/20090323/000439_1.htm |archive-date=April 3, 2009 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> Kundin ya kasance an dauke shi ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai da yawa don kafa sunan Tsai a matsayin wakilin mai zane-zane a fagen kiɗa na kasar Sin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=蔡依林为何在华语歌坛屹立不倒？ |url=https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/82820176 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=知乎专栏 |language=zh |archive-date=February 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203134512/https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/82820176 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kasuwanci, kundin ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 2.5 a Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林今年比周董多赚2300万 苦练舞技求完美_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-11-24/11371342079.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A Taiwan, ya sayar da fiye da 300,000 kofe, ya zama mafi kyawun kundin shekara.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2020 |title=蔡依林14年前的舞孃 MV竟藏彩蛋 |url=https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E8%94%A1%E4%BE%9D%E6%9E%9714%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E8%88%9E%E5%AD%83-mv%E7%AB%9F%E8%97%8F%E5%BD%A9%E8%9B%8B-044003539.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=tw.news.yahoo.com |language=zh-Hant-TW}}</ref><ref name="NetEase">{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=December 13, 2006 |title=蔡依林台湾销售夺冠 两张专辑入年度10大 |url=https://www.163.com/ent/article/327GK44G00031NIL.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707033332/https://www.163.com/ent/article/327GK44G00031NIL.html |archive-date=July 7, 2022 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=www.163.com}}</ref> Kundin ya sami gabatarwa uku na Golden Melody Award; Dancing Diva ta sami gabatar don Mafi Kyawun Kundin Mandarin yayin da Tsai ta lashe Kyawun Mawakin Mandarin Mafi Kyawun . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=第18届台湾金曲奖完全获奖名单_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2007-06-16/18001599884.shtml |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Bugu da kari, an zabi mai gabatarwa Adia a matsayin mai gabatar mafi kyau don "Dancing Diva". A watan Satumbar 2006, Tsai ta fara rangadin kide-kide na biyu Dancing Forever World Tour don tallafawa sakin, wanda ya kai kide-kiide 28 a Asiya, Ostiraliya, da Amurka. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=TVBS |title=18屆金曲獎／第18屆金曲獎入圍名單│TVBS新聞網 |url=https://news.tvbs.com.tw/entertainment/321089 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=TVBS |language=zh-tw}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林黑钻装闪耀亮相 演唱会不请周杰伦_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-07-18/08271162097.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2009 |title=升格设计师赚近千万 蔡依林称很有成就感-蔡依林-新闻中心 |url=http://news.66wz.com/system/2009/02/13/101141381.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218222955/http://news.66wz.com/system/2009/02/13/101141381.shtml |archive-date=February 18, 2009 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> == Tarihi da ci gaba == A ranar 21 ga watan Disamba, 2005, an bayyana cewa Tsai ta fara tattara waƙoƙi don sabon kundin ta, wanda za a saki a watan Maris ko Afrilu na shekara ta 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依琳新书迎来开盘红 否认加盟华纳传闻(图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/2005-12-21/1456936517.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2006, Tsai ta sanya hannu tare da EMI kuma ta sanar da cewa ta fara yin rikodin sabon kundin ta, wanda za a saki a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林转投EMI 孙燕姿有望成其同门师妹(附图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-02-15/1017986099.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Tsai ya ce: "EMI Capitol sabon yanayi ne, wanda ke da wadataccen albarkatun kiɗa. Yana ba ni sarari mai yawa don yin abin da nake so in yi. " A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, 2006, Ashin ya bayyana cewa zai rubuta waƙa don sabon kundin Tsai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=新专辑5月发行 蔡依林8位数加盟新东家(图)-搜狐音乐 |url=http://music.yule.sohu.com/20060217/n241871601.shtml |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=music.yule.sohu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=不談情事 愛說糗事 阿信當主唱?媽媽當年沒信心 - 看板Jolin |url=https://pttsuperstar.com/Jolin/13_1LI00 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=PTT偶像團體區 |language=zh-Hant}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Maris, 2006, an bayyana cewa ci gaban rikodin kundin ya ƙare kashi 80 cikin dari kuma Tsai ya yanke shawarar kan jagora guda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[新聞] 蔡依林錄音 即興秀RAP - 看板Jolin |url=https://pttsuperstar.com/Jolin/145o-f0H |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=PTT偶像團體區 |language=zh-Hant}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Maris, 2006, an bayyana cewa Tsai ta gama rikodin kundin kuma za ta tashi zuwa [[Budapest]], [[Hungariya|Hungary]] don yin fim na bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=小天后蔡依林暑期圆梦 开办夏令营教英语(图)-搜狐音乐 |url=http://music.yule.sohu.com/20060328/n242504894.shtml |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=music.yule.sohu.com}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2006, an bayyana cewa Tsai ta rubuta kalmomin waƙar da ake kira "The Prologue," kuma manajanta Howard Chiang ya ce: "Jolin ta rubuta kalmomin a watan Satumba na shekarar da ta gabata, amma ya ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don samun waƙar da ta dace don dacewa da ita. " A ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2006, an bayyana gore Tsai tana [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] tana koyon wasan kwaikwayo don "Pulchritude" da "Mr. Q". <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林匈牙利拍摄新歌MV 歌词告白与周杰伦关系_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-04-11/13491045934.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林挑战高难度当"舞娘"远赴洛杉矶学跳舞_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/x/2006-04-26/14271065678.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=黄立行加盟EMI "双J"黄立成蔡依林助阵签约会_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-03/00411071704.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> == Taken da zane-zane == Taken "Dancing Diva" ba kawai a zahiri yana nufin mace da za ta iya rawa ba, har ma yana nufin yarinya da ke canza ƙarfinta da rawa don rayuwarta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=组图:《舞娘》北京宣传 蔡依林性感背后的舞台_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/h/p/2006-06-03/09321108390.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Tsai ta bayyana cewa tana fatan nuna nata salon ta hanyar kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayon kundin. Waƙoƙinta sun taɓa masu sauraro kuma wasan kwaikwayo na raye-raye ya ja hankalin duniya.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=蔡依林新歌《舞娘》4月26日全亚洲同步播出_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-04-26/16281065881.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Tsai ta bayyana kundin a matsayin wani nau'in tarihin rayuwa, kuma "Dancing Diva" tana rayuwa ta hanyar raira waƙa da rawa, wanda shine daidai da kanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林自曝曾与大学生约会7天 坦言找幸福难找_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/2006-07-25/14451171869.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Ta ce: "Dancing wani muhimmin bangare ne na wasan kwaikwayon, kuma yana daya daga cikin fannoni da nake jin daɗi sosai! A wannan lokacin, zan kawo muku wasu sabbin motsa jiki masu ban mamaki, don haka don Allah jira ka gani. " Hoton murfin kundin kundin ya nuna Tsai yana sanye da rigar, fararen bikini, wando mai zafi da takalma masu tsayi, yayin da yake riƙe da layin motsa jiki na ƙafa uku.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林全新专辑《舞娘》5月亚洲同步发行_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/p/2006-04-13/07361047701.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林手执3尺彩带扮舞娘 舞出最高机密_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-04-24/08021062201.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce da rikodin ==   "Dancing Diva" waƙar rawa ce mai saurin gaske wacce ke da sautin sauti da tasirin Larabci. "Pretence" wani waka ne mai suna pop tare da kalmomin da ke bayyana halin da yarinya ke ciki amma har yanzu tana nuna cewa tana da kyau. "A Wonder in Madrid" waƙar pop ce mai haske wanda ya haɗa da sauti mai ƙarfi na [[xylophone]] . "Mr. Q" waƙar rawa ce ta Amurka, tare da Tsai yana rubuta kalmomin don ɓangaren rap na Turanci. "The Prologue" wani waka ne mai karfi game da ma'aurata da suka rabu kuma suka sake ganin juna a matsayin abokai. "Pulchritude" sautin kulob ne mai saurin motsawa tare da kalmomin da ke kwatanta furcin kai tsaye na salon da motsin zuciyar mata a cikin karni na 21, wanda shine bai kamata mata su haɗa da motsin rai ba kuma su bi abubuwan da ke faruwa a makanta. "Nice Guy" waƙar rawa ce tare da bass mai nauyi, wanda aka yi a matsayin duet tare da Stanley Huang . "Love in the Shape of a Heart" R & B ne da pop slow jam. Kalmomin waƙar wuta mai cike da sha'awa "Heart Breaking Day" sun bayyana ra'ayoyin da ke ci gaba da rabuwa da kuma ra'ayoyi daban-daban na kalubalantar Ranar soyayya. "The Finale" wani waka ne mai cike da zuciya tare da kalmomin zuciya, tare da Tsai ta amfani da muryar waka mai dadi da zuciya don yin waƙar. "Attraction of Sexy Lips" waƙar gabatarwa ce ga Max Factor, tare da ƙarfin sautin sa cikakkiyar matsala ce ga hotonta mai ban sha'awa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林『舞孃』專輯 |url=http://www.iwant-radio.com/showinformation.php?sisn=12800 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=銀河網路電台}}</ref> == Saki == A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2006, Tsai ta ba da sanarwar cewa za a saki kundin a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2006. <ref name=":10"/> A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2006, EMI ta ba da sanarwar cewa ana samun kundin don yin oda a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=小天后蔡依林突破暴露底线 露背洋装变身小女人_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2006-04-19/16571055346.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2006, EMI ta ba da sanarwar cewa an riga an yi odar fiye da 100,000 a cikin kwanaki uku na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=图文：蔡依林新专辑预购签名会--销量突破十万_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-04-30/10201070137.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2006, Tsai ta gudanar da Taron manema labarai don gabatar da kundi a [[Taipei]], Taiwan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林推出新专辑 不顾胃疾上演高难度歌舞(图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-12/10231079620.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Ta ce: "Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban da yawa a kan wannan kundin don haka yana da wahala a bayyana abin da takamaiman nau'in yake, amma tabbas zai ba ka sabon ji, saboda za a sami waƙoƙin [[G-Music]]" id="mwig" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dance music">rawa da yawa da ban taɓa gwadawa ba. A zahiri, wasu waƙoƙina na rawa a baya sun fi kiɗa na rawa na lantarki, a wannan lokacin akwai nau'o-nau'i daban'i daban na daban-daban, kamar dutse, abubuwa masu nauyi. Ina fatan Dancing Diva zai sa hankalin mutane, kuma mutane su koyi wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Gic ya sauka da aka saki waƙoƙinsa -<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林新专辑《舞娘》今日亮相 全亚洲同步发行_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=https://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-12/10021079744.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2006 |title=G-Music 風雲榜 (華語榜) |url=http://www.g-music.com.tw/GMusicBillboard1.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060531062616/http://www.g-music.com.tw/GMusicBillboard1.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2006 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2006 |title=Five Music - 五大唱片(5大唱片) -五大金榜 |url=http://www.5music.com.tw:80/CDTop.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060520182843/http://www.5music.com.tw:80/CDTop.asp |archive-date=May 20, 2006 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2006, an ruwaito cewa kundin ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 1 a Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=亚洲销量破百万张 蔡依林《舞娘》限量礼盒推出_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-28/02101099705.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2006, ta gudanar da bikin bikin kundi a Taipei, Taiwan kuma ta sanar da cewa ta sayar da fiye da miliyan 2 a Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林新专辑大卖办庆功宴 7月举行个唱_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-06-21/08521130575.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2006, ta gudanar da Pulchritude Concert a [[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=图文：蔡依林演唱会爆乳挥汗热舞--朴素打扮_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-07-02/12571143493.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2006, ta fitar da cikakkiyar bikin kundin, wanda ya hada da bidiyon kiɗa 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=光华日报::旧网站 |url=http://archive.kwongwah.com.my/kwyp_news/news_show_old.asp?n=51436&rlt=1&cls=106&txt=2006/7/6/ent200676_51436 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=archive.kwongwah.com.my |archive-date=November 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115061243/http://archive.kwongwah.com.my/kwyp_news/news_show_old.asp?n=51436&rlt=1&cls=106&txt=2006/7/6/ent200676_51436 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 2006, an ba da rahoton cewa kundin ya sayar da fiye da miliyan 2.5 a Asiya, yayin da ya sayar da sama da 230,000 a Taiwan, ya zama kundin da aka fi sayarwa a kasar.<ref name=":4"/> A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2007, an sanya kundin a lamba ta biyu a kan jadawalin tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na shekara-mako na shekara-finai na Kiɗa Biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 17, 2007 |title=Five Music - 五大唱片(5大唱片) -五大金榜 |url=https://www.5music.com.tw/CDTop-YEAR.asp?top=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117021519/https://www.5music.com.tw/CDTop-YEAR.asp?top=1 |archive-date=January 17, 2007 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2007, kundin ya hau kan jadawalin tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na 2006 don G-Music . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 4, 2007 |title=::: g-music 2006年度銷售榜 ::: |url=https://www.g-music.com.tw/event/2006_top20/top20_2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204011331/https://www.g-music.com.tw/event/2006_top20/top20_2.html |archive-date=February 4, 2007 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> == Singles da bidiyon kiɗa == [[Fayil:SzentendreFotoThalerTamas20.jpg|left|thumb|Szentendre's Main Square, daya daga cikin wuraren yin fim na bidiyon kiɗa na "A Wonder in Madrid"]] A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2006, Tsai ta fitar da wakar,"Dancing Diva." <ref name=":9"/> A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2006, ta fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "Dancing diva," wanda Marlboro Lai da Bill Chia suka jagoranta tare. Kayan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin bidiyon kiɗa shine "rawan haske" - haɗuwa da rawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya da rawa na hip hop, ta amfani da ikon cinya da kirji, kuma har yanzu suna da ma'anar ƙarfin fashewa a cikin motsi mai laushi da santsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林挑战舞蹈高难度 要跳日本最IN舞技光波舞_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-07/02201073592.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Don bin tasirin gani daban-daban na rawa, ta kuma haɗa wasan motsa jiki yayin amfani da layin wasan motsa jiki a cikin bidiyon kiɗa. Tsai ya ce: "Ina kallon talabijin yayin da nake inganta kundin a waje, kuma na yi tunanin ribbons a wasan motsa jiki suna da kyau sosai, don haka na gaya wa wakilin na cewa ina so in koyi shi kuma in sanya shi a cikin rawa na gaba. Daga baya, bayan an kammala kundin, mun ji cewa rawa na ribbon ya fi dacewa da waƙar "Dancing Diva.Ta kara da cewa: "Gymnastics yana da wuyar gaske, a zahiri, yana da ban tsoro sosai, dole ne ku tilasta kanka yin horo na jiki daban-daban, kamar jan kafa 180 digiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林转型成功 "舞娘"改走性感路线-搜狐音乐 |url=http://music.yule.sohu.com/20060613/n243704453.shtml |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=music.yule.sohu.com}}</ref> Bayan kowane motsa jiki, na gaji da numfashi. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林7天恋爱冲动不来电：我要找幸福蛮难的_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/x/2006-07-25/09281171168.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2006, ta fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "Pretence," wanda Leste Chen ya jagoranta. "Pretence" ita ce yunkurin farko na Tsai a bidiyon kiɗa na asali kuma tana ba da labarin wata yarinya da ta haɗu da tsohon saurayinta da budurwarsa ta yanzu a cikin bas, kuma kowane motsi na tsohon saurayinsa yana tunatar da yarinyar lokacin da suke cikin soyayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林拍新歌mv忆旧情 被曝录音时几次泪流满面_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-06-14/10581122158.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Mayu, 2006, ta fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "A Wonder in Madrid," wanda Terry da abokai suka ba da umarni, kuma an yi fim a Szentendre, Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林匈牙利拍摄MV 人见人爱独特魅力无法挡_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/v/m/2006-06-01/11391105536.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2006, ta fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "Mr. Q," wanda Kuang Sheng ya jagoranta kuma ya ƙunshi ɗan wasan [[Hong Kong]] Edison Chen . <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林找陈冠希拍MV 谈周侯恋态度冷淡(组图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/p/2006-05-21/10531088582.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Yuni, 2006, ta fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "The Prologue," wanda May Wen ya jagoranta kuma ya ƙunshi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Taiwan Waser Chou . <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林MV扮自己 称与男模对手戏尴尬又过瘾(图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-06-14/11471122272.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2006, ta fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "Pulchritude," wanda Marlboro Lai ya jagoranta. Bayanin yafi ja, kuma tasirin hasken yana haifar da yanayi mai haske a duk lokacin bidiyon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林妖娆闪亮登场 大汗淋漓秀低胸晚装_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-06-26/08231136011.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Chen Hung-i ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa na "Nice Guy", bidiyon kiɗan "Love in the Shape of Heart" da "Heart Breaking Day" duka biyu May Wen ne ya ba su umarni, bidiyon kiɗano na "The Finale" JP Huang ne ya ba shi umarni, kuma bidiyon kiƙoƙi na "Attraction of Sexy Lips" Marlboro ne ya ba wa umarni. A watan Janairun 2007, an lissafa waƙoƙin "Pretence," "A Wonder In Madrid" a lamba 3, lamba 14, da lamba 33 bi da bi a kan jadawalin Hit FM Top 100 Singles of the Year na 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hitoradio‧Hit Fm --華人音樂入口指標 |url=http://www.hitoradio.com/newweb/chart_2.php?ch_year=2006 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=www.hitoradio.com}}</ref> == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == Kundin ya sami kyakkyawan bita daga masu sukar kiɗa. Wani edita na Apple Music Taiwan ya yaba da samar da kiɗa da abun ciki na waƙa, musamman a cikin waƙoƙin "Dancing Diva," "A Wonder in Madrid," da "Pretence". Chen Yuhao na Qianjiang Evening News ya bayyana cewa Dancing Diva tana da mahimmanci ga Tsai, yayin da ya nuna alamar inda ta kafa hotonta a matsayin mai zane-zane a cikin masana'antar C-pop. Hakazalika, Tencent Music's Yo! Bang ta yi sharhi cewa salon kiɗa na musamman na rikodin da kuma aikin Tsai ya taimaka wajen karfafa matsayinta a matsayin mai zane-zane a cikin yanayin kiɗa na kasar Sin.<ref name=":3"/> Shuwa daga Tencent Entertainment ya nuna cewa daya daga cikin siffofi masu ban sha'awa na Dancing Diva shine ƙarfinsa, wanda aka nuna ba kawai a cikin abubuwan gani ba har ma a cikin tsarin kiɗa. Marubucin ya kuma ji cewa furodusa Adia ya ba da rikodin "mai karfi na jagora". Liu Ya-wen, shugaban juri na 18th Golden Melody Awards, ya yaba da waƙar da Tsai ya rubuta da kansa "The Prologue" a matsayin "a rubuce-rubuce" kuma ya ji cewa Dancing Diva ya nuna canjin mawaƙin daga mai nishadantarwa kawai zuwa mawaƙi na gaskiya.<ref name=":2"/> Ya danganta nasarar da ta samu a matsayin Mawakin Mawakin Mandarin mafi kyau ga yadda take da sauye-sauye da kuma sauya dandamali na kiɗa a cikin hauhawar saukewa a kan layi.<ref name=":1"/> Stephan Lee daga Sina Music ya kwatanta kundin da kundin studio na Tsai na baya, ''J-Game'', yana lura da ci gaba dangane da ingancin waƙa, wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma bambancin kiɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 11, 2007 |title=新浪網 - 音樂 - 舞孃 |url=http://music.sina.com.hk/cgi-bin/mu/album/main.cgi?subaction=comment&id=9339&d=1&tp=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011102746/http://music.sina.com.hk/cgi-bin/mu/album/main.cgi?subaction=comment&id=9339&d=1&tp=2 |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> 3C Music ta yaba da ingancin samar da rikodin kuma ta yi imanin cewa ya ba da ci gaba daga kundin da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2016 |title=蔡依林【舞孃】銷量大勝的示範 {{!}} 3C Music 中文唱片評論 |url=http://3cmusic.com/home/%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E7%A4%BA%E7%AF%84%EF%B8%B0%E8%94%A1%E4%BE%9D%E6%9E%97%E3%80%90%E8%88%9E%E5%AD%83%E3%80%91/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928034014/http://3cmusic.com/home/%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E7%A4%BA%E7%AF%84%EF%B8%B0%E8%94%A1%E4%BE%9D%E6%9E%97%E3%80%90%E8%88%9E%E5%AD%83%E3%80%91/ |archive-date=September 28, 2016 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> Muryar Taipei ta bayyana Dancing Diva a matsayin "mai kyau" da kuma "mai ƙwarewa" rikodin Mandarin, yayin da Shangc.net ya nuna haɗuwa da R & B, rawa da abubuwan lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=舞娘蔡依林成名蜕变史 由同手同脚到舞蹈天后(5)_尚之潮 |url=https://lizhi.shangc.net/a/25067_5.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=lizhi.shangc.net}}</ref> Yeh Chun-pu daga Kungiyar Kare Hakkin mallaka ta Kiɗa ta Taipei ta Sin ta yaba da salon kiɗa na kundin da abubuwan da ke ciki, kuma ta ji waƙar taken ta nuna sabon bangare na kiɗa na Tsai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Müst音樂著作典藏計畫 |date=July 1, 2016 |title=MÜST音樂著作典藏計劃: 舞孃－書寫虛擬故事，為歌手創造話題 |url=http://musttaiwanorg.blogspot.com/2016/07/blog-post.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=MÜST音樂著作典藏計劃}}</ref> ''Marie Claire'' Taiwan ta ce Dancing Diva ta nuna juyin halitta a cikin kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayon Tsai, tana yaba mata da ingantaccen aikin murya da kuma shigar da wasan motsa jiki a cikin ayyukanta na rawa. Littafin ya rubuta cewa duk da sukar da ta yi a baya, lambar yabo ta Tsai ta Golden Melody don Mafi Kyawun Mawakin Mandarin da kuma yabo na alƙalai na gaba ya nuna ƙarfinta da juriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=dato |date=June 26, 2019 |title=【dato】金曲30／《1019》到《Ugly Beauty》，蔡依林蛻變進化天后之路 |url=https://www.marieclaire.com.tw/community/opinion/43328 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=Marie Claire 美麗佳人 |language=zh-TW}}</ref> == Ayyuka na rayuwa == A ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2006, Tsai ta raira "Attraction of Sexy Lips" a 2005 Music Radio China Top Chart Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林马不停蹄忙工作 上海勇夺三项音乐大奖_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-04-25/18431064607.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Ta bayyana a 2006 MTV Asia Awards a [[Bangkok]], Thailand a ranar 6 ga Mayu, inda ta yi "Dancing Diva". Daga baya a wannan watan, ta yi " Dancing Diva, "Pretence," da "A Wonder in Madrid" a Golden Melody Orz Concert a ranar 26 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=赵薇MTV颁奖当红不让 蔡依林体操搏出位(附图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-08/10141074397.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=组图："金曲orz"歌会 蔡依林劲歌热舞抢风头_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-27/16501099337.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Kashegari, ta yi waƙoƙi iri ɗaya a Le Party . <ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林张韶涵等开唱马拉松式音乐大派对_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-05-29/11401101196.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Kwanaki uku bayan haka a ranar 30 ga Mayu, Tsai ta shiga cikin rikodin shirin talabijin na China Big Brother's Return kuma ta raira "Dancing Diva" da "Mr. Q." Ta yi tsohon waƙar a shirin talabiji na Qilu Fans Party a ranar 4 ga Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林上张菲节目 大秀MV中劈腿动作_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-05-31/10411104106.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林《舞娘》歌迷会 扭腰摆臀卖弄性感_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-06-05/16441111142.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Tsai ta yi "Dancing Diva," "Mr. Q," da kuma "A Wonder in Madrid" a 2006 Volunteer Beijing Concert a ranar 13 ga Yuli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：2006志愿北京演唱会 光良蔡依林等献唱_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-07-14/12441157979.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta yi "Pulchritude," "Love in the Shape of Heart," "Dancing Diva," da "Mr. Q" a Z Pop Charity Concert a ranar 21 ga Yuli. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ta shiga cikin rikodin shirin talabijin na Dragon TV Heaven and Earth Heroes Campus Tour, inda ta raira waƙoƙi da yawa ciki har da "Pulchritude," "A Wonder in Madrid," "Pretence," "Love in the Shape of Heart," "Dancing Diva," da "Mr. Q. <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林登上《天地英雄校园行》 为个唱提前练兵_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-07-28/11011176285.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> [[Fayil:JolinTsai.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Tsai yana yin "Dancing Diva" a kan Dancing Forever World Tour, Afrilu 2007]] Zuwa karshen watan Yuli, ta yi waka a bikin kiɗa na bazara a ranar 25 ga watan Yuli, tana raira "Dancing Diva," "Pretence," da "Mr. Q." <ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林何洁等四川唱热夏日音乐祭演唱会(组图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-07-26/15491173587.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> Kashegari, ta gudanar da Dancing Diva Sohu Online Concert a Beijing, China, inda ta raira "Pulchritude," "A Wonder in Madrid, "Pretance," "Dancing" "Dancer Diva, da kuma "Mister Q" <ref>{{Cite web |title="玩美"Jolin搜狐尝鲜 线上音乐会娱乐为人民-搜狐音乐 |url=http://music.yule.sohu.com/20060727/n244470250.shtml |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=music.yule.sohu.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=组图："九大行星"热舞狂歌 万人High翻剧场_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/p/2006-08-06/18171188540.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=组图：蔡依林着火辣短裤 劲歌热舞大摆撩人媚姿_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-08-07/01061188924.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林露底吓坏自己 怕走光收起"导弹"(附图)_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/2006-08-11/09051195956.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, ta shiga cikin My FM 8th Anniversary Music Magic Tour, inda ta yi "Pulchritude," "A Wonder in Madrid," "Dancing Diva," da "Mr. Q." A ranar 1 ga watan Satumba, ta shiga MTV Mandarin Awards, inda ta raira "Dancing diva," "Attraction of Sexy Lips, "Mr.<ref>{{Cite web |title=光华日报::旧网站 |url=http://archive.kwongwah.com.my/kwyp_news/news_show_old.asp?n=55765&rlt=1&cls=106&txt=2006/8/14/ent2006814_55765 |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=archive.kwongwah.com.my |archive-date=January 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107095456/http://archive.kwongwah.com.my/kwyp_news/news_show_old.asp?n=55765&rlt=1&cls=106&txt=2006%2F8%2F14%2Fent2006814_55765 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=组图:MTV封神演唱会彩排 蔡依林潘玮柏卖力练习_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/p/2006-09-02/14311228358.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> === Tafiya === A ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2006, manajan Tsai Howard Chiang ya bayyana cewa za ta fara sabon Yawon shakatawa a rabi na biyu na shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=蔡依林孙燕姿要飙车 有望合演女版《头文字D》_影音娱乐_新浪网 |url=http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/2006-05-31/10061104015.html |access-date=November 15, 2022 |website=ent.sina.com.cn}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2006, ta sanar da cewa za ta fara Dancing Forever World Tour a Hong Kong Coliseum a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name=":7"/> A ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2007, ta fitar da kundin bidiyo na kai tsaye da kuma shirin If You Think You Can, You Can! don yawon shakatawa. Ya ba da labarin kwanakin Taipei na yawon shakatawa daga Nuwamba 17 zuwa 19, 2006, fim din, da bidiyon kiɗa guda huɗu daga Dancing Forever (2006). <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2022 |title=蔡依林DVD沒72變 粉絲譙｜蘋果新聞網｜蘋果日報 |url=https://www.appledaily.com.tw/entertainment/20070519/2KUY4KEWRRU7LN2OS4PS3LIU34 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712211540/https://www.appledaily.com.tw/entertainment/20070519/2KUY4KEWRRU7LN2OS4PS3LIU34 |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2009, yawon shakatawa ya ƙare a Mohegan Sun Arena a Uncasville, Amurka.<ref name=":8"/> Wannan yawon shakatawa ya dauki shekaru biyu da rabi kuma ya gudanar da nune-nunen 28 a birane 20 a Asiya, Arewacin Amurka, da Oceania, yana da masu kallo sama da 500,000 kuma yana samun sama da NT $ 1 biliyan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2022 |title=Jolin世界巡演吸50萬人 瘋狂印鈔10億｜蘋果新聞網｜蘋果日報 |url=https://www.appledaily.com.tw/entertainment/20081123/MNVJZUF6EIG4CMKRK7MVLV3OKE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712051222/https://www.appledaily.com.tw/entertainment/20081123/MNVJZUF6EIG4CMKRK7MVLV3OKE |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |access-date=November 15, 2022}}</ref> == Godiya gaisuwa == == Jerin waƙoƙi ==    == Tarihin saki == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Yankin !Ranar !Tsarin (s) !Fitowa !Mai rarrabawa |- ! scope="row" |Biyu da Biyu | rowspan="2" |Mayu 12, 2006 |Gudanarwa | rowspan="2" |Ka'ida |Mars |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |China |{{Hlist|[[Compact disc|CD]]|[[Cassette tape|cassette]]}} | rowspan="3" |Guguwa mai karfi |- |Yuni 1, 2006 |CD |Ƙayyadadden |- |29 ga Agusta, 2006 |{{Hlist|[[DVD]]|[[Video CD|VCD]]}} |Tarin bidiyo |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Hong Kong |Mayu 12, 2006 |CD |Ka'ida | rowspan="7" |EMI |- |Yuli 7, 2006 |CD + DVD |Cikakken bikin |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |Malaysia |Mayu 12, 2006 |CD |Ka'ida |- |Yuli 7, 2006 |CD + DVD |Cikakken bikin |- |29 ga Agusta, 2006 |VCD |Tarin bidiyo |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Taiwan |Mayu 12, 2006 |CD |Ka'ida |- |Yuli 7, 2006 |CD + DVD |Cikakken bikin |} == manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] avxcr7bt0ohbs4p41avw9ol9zlp9x1l 0 87690 839348 588014 2026-05-23T15:17:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Chakhchoukhah.jpg|thumb|Chicken chakhchoukha]] [[Fayil:شخشوخة_بسكرية.jpg|thumb|Aljeriya Chakhchoukha na Biskra]] '''Chakhshukha''' ko '''chekhechoukha''' (Arabic) abinci ne na gargajiya na Aljeriya wanda aka yi da tsagewa ko mirgine na gurasar semolina da aka dafa wanda ake ba da shi a cikin sauce na tumatir. Abincin ya kunshi ƙananan rougag (ƙananan gurasa mai laushi) da aka gauraya da ''marka'', stew tumatir. Ana yin abincin ne ta hanyar tafasa gurasar semolina a cikin ruwan gishiri har sai an dafa shi sannan a mirgine shi cikin ƙananan ƙwallo ko kuma a fashe shi cikin ƙananan raguwa. Sauce na tushen tumatir don chakhchoukha yawanci ana yin sa ne daga cakuda albasa, tafarnuwa, tumatir, da kayan yaji kamar cumin, paprika, da harissa. Ana ƙara gurasar semolina a cikin sauce kuma a dafa shi har sai ya shawo kan dandano na sauce kuma ya ɗan taushi. Sau da yawa ana ba da Chakhchoukha tare da nama, kamar ɗan rago ko naman sa, wanda aka dafa shi daban sannan a kara shi da abincin tare da chickpeas ko wasu kayan lambu kamar carot ko turnips.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boumedine |first=Rachid Sidi |date=2022-12-01 |title=Cuisines traditionnelles d'Algérie: l'art d'accommoder l'histoire et la géographie |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/ame/17/2/ame170204.xml |journal=Anthropology of the Middle East |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=48–63 |doi=10.3167/ame.2022.170204 |issn=1746-0719 |s2cid=252963908 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana yin amfani da abincin da sabbin ganye kamar su parsley ko cilantro kuma ana ba da shi tare da burodi a gefe. == Bambance-bambance == Chakhchoukha dfer da chakhchoukhi beskria nau'ikan chakhchoikha ne daban-daban guda biyu waɗanda suka shahara a cikin abincin Aljeriya, musamman a Gabashin Aljeriya Ga manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin su: '''Chakhshukhet dfer:''': Wannan nau'in chakhchoukha ana yin shi da gurasar burodi, maimakon gurasar semolina. Ana tsoma burodi a cikin sauce na tumatir wanda aka ɗanɗano da kayan yaji, man shanu da ganye. Sau da yawa ana ba da abincin tare da nama, kamar ɗan rago ko naman sa, kuma wani lokacin ya haɗa da kayan lambu kamar chickpeas da karoshi. Wannan chakhchoukha na musamman ne na yankin [[Constantine, Aljeriya|Constantine]] . '''Chakhchoukha biskria:''' Wannan chakhchoukhi yawanci ana yin sa ne ta hanyar tsagewa ko yanka ƙananan gurasa mai laushi, mai laushi kuma ya ba su abinci a cikin soya mai ƙanshi wanda aka dafa shi da chickpeas da kayan lambu. Duk da yake ɗan rago shine nama da aka fi so a cikin wannan abincin, ana iya amfani da naman sa ko kaza. Wannan chakhchoukha na musamman ne na yankin Biskra . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-23 |title=Algerian Thin Flatbread Pieces with Meat Sauce - Chakhchoukha |url=https://www.myexcellentdegustations.com/algerian-thin-flatbread-with-meat-sauce-chakhchoukha/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=My Excellent Degustations |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Chakhchoukha asalin abinci ne na Chaoui wanda yanzu ya kai ga wasu sassan [[Aljeriya]]. Kalmar ''chakhchoukha'' ta fito ne daga ''tacherchert'', "rugujewa" ko "ƙetare cikin ƙananan ɓangarori" a cikin [[Yaren Shawiya|Harshen Chaouia]]. Ana jin daɗin Chakhchoukha a lokuta daban-daban, musamman a lokacin [[Maulidi|Mouloud]], Achoura, da Sabuwar Shekara ta Amazigh da ake kira "Yennayer. " Wannan bikin ya haɗa da sassa biyu: da maraice, wanda aka sani da "Laadjouza", inda ake cin abinci da aka bushe don nuna ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata, kuma rana mai zuwa, farkon sabuwar shekara, lokacin da ake jin daɗin jita-jita tare da sauce, tare da kowane yanki yana da nasa bambancin kayan lambu da ƙwai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boumedine |first=Rachid Sidi |date=2022-12-01 |title=Cuisines traditionnelles d'Algérie: l'art d'accommoder l'histoire et la géographie |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/ame/17/2/ame170204.xml |journal=Anthropology of the Middle East |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=48–63 |doi=10.3167/ame.2022.170204 |issn=1746-0719 |s2cid=252963908 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen == Ana yin rougag ko gurasa mai laushi tare da semolina mai kyau ''Ruwa'', bayan yin burodi, ana tsage shi da hannu zuwa ƙananan ɓangarori.Lokacin cin abinci a cikin faranti, ana sanya kusan hannaye biyu a cikin farantin sannan a zuba sauce ko stew a saman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-18 |title=🇩🇿 Thin Round Flatbread - Rougag or Trid Sheets |url=https://www.myexcellentdegustations.com/rougag-or-trid-sheets/ |access-date=2023-02-25 |website=My Excellent Degustations |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225173706/https://www.myexcellentdegustations.com/rougag-or-trid-sheets/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''marka'' ko stew ya ƙunshi Ɗan rago da aka dafa tare da kayan yaji, [[Tumatir]], [[albasa]] da aka yanka da wake. Sau da yawa ana ƙara [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], zucchini, [[Karas|karoshi]] da albasa a cikin cakuda dangane da lokacin, yankin da iyali. Babban kayan yaji da aka yi amfani da su don stew sune bushewar ja chillies, caraway, Ras el hanout, baƙar fata da cumin. Akwai bambancin wannan abincin a Batna da garuruwan da ke kusa, kamar Barika, M'Sila da Biskra, wanda ke amfani da nau'in burodi daban. == Duba sauran bayanai == * List of Middle Eastern dishes * Algerian cuisine * Torta de gazpacho, a similar Spanish dish both in its appearance and origin. * List of African dishes == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Abinci]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k81zuyslsedubqaf6fl75gppbjqjrao 0 89720 839644 790554 2026-05-24T11:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dolly Ramadan Gultom''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1993) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Indonesia wacce ta yi wasa a matsayin mai tsakiya da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na Persipal Palu . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dolly Ramadhan Gultom |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/dolly-ramadhan-gultom/281069/ |access-date=14 August 2014 |publisher=soccerway.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Sulut United === A cikin shekara ta 2019, Dolly Gultom ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da kungiyar Sulut United ta Ligue 2 ta Indonesia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sulut United Kontrak 24 Pemain, Berikut Daftar Nama-namanya |url=https://manado.tribunnews.com/2019/06/21/sulut-united-kontrak-24-pemain-berikut-daftar-nama-namanya |website=manado.tribunnews.com}}</ref> === Muba Babel United === Ya sanya hannu ga Muba Babel United don yin wasa a Ligue 2 a kakar 2020. An dakatar da wannan kakar a ranar 27 ga Maris 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19. An watsar da kakar kuma an ayyana shi mara amfani a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2021. === PSM Makassar === A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2021, Gultom ya tabbatar da canjinsa zuwa PSM Makassar . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kembali Dipanggil PSM Makassar, Dolly Gultom Bertekad Maksimalkan Kesempatan Kedua |url=https://sulsel.fajar.co.id/2021/08/24/kembali-dipanggil-psm-makassar-dolly-gultom-bertekad-maksimalkan-kesempatan-kedua/ |language=id |via=sulsel.fajar.co.id |access-date=2024-12-26 |archive-date=2024-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205113612/https://sulsel.fajar.co.id/2021/08/24/kembali-dipanggil-psm-makassar-dolly-gultom-bertekad-maksimalkan-kesempatan-kedua/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gultom ya fara bugawa a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2021 a wasan da ya yi da Matura United a Filin wasa na Gelora Bung Karno Madya, [[Jakarta]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Madura United vs. PSM - 12 September 2021 - Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/09/12/indonesia/super-liga/pelita-jaya/psm-makassar/3514557/ |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> === PSCS Cilacap === A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2022, an ba da sanarwar cewa Gultom za ta shiga PSCS Cilacap don yakin neman zabe na Liga 2 na 2022-23. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2022 |title=Bursa Transfer Liga 2: PSCS Cilacap Rekrut Dua Bek, Salah Satunya Lulusan SAD Uruguay |url=https://liga2.skor.id/bursa-transfer-liga-2-pscs-cilacap-rekrut-dua-bek-salah-satunya-lulusan-sad-uruguay-01422637 |access-date=17 June 2022 |publisher=liga2.skor.id |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621002426/https://liga2.skor.id/bursa-transfer-liga-2-pscs-cilacap-rekrut-dua-bek-salah-satunya-lulusan-sad-uruguay-01422637 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Soccerway|dolly-ramadhan-gultom/281069}} * [https://ligaindonesiabaru.com/clubs/singleplayer/liga_2_2020_old/doly_ramadhan_gultom Dolly Gultom]{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a Liga Indonesia [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 0uv2dpg9wq9upx115tm0w2cxmosmrpu 0 90312 839592 565335 2026-05-24T07:19:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dennis Idahosa''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 1980) ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin gwamnan jihar Edo tun a ranar 12 ga watan Nuwamba 2024. Ya taɓa zama ɗan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilan]] Najeriya daga shekarun 2019 zuwa 2024. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/383 |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Dennis Idahosa a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta 1980, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogbankwa |first=Douglas |date=11 August 2024 |title=44 Hearty Cheers to Right Honourable Dennis Idahosa: An Icon Whose Mantra is "Leadership is Responsibility" |url=https://newsleader.com.ng/44-hearty-cheers-to-right-honourable-dennis-idahosa-an-icon-whose-mantra-is-leadership-is-responsibility/ |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=Nigerian NewsLeader |quote=As you celebrate your 44th birthday today, sir, we honour you for all that you stand for. We celebrate your resilience, your resoluteness, and your astuteness. |archive-date=9 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909161134/https://newsleader.com.ng/44-hearty-cheers-to-right-honourable-dennis-idahosa-an-icon-whose-mantra-is-leadership-is-responsibility/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> a [[Benin City (Birnin Benin)|garin Benin]], Jihar Edo. <ref name=":0"/> Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin zamantakewa da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a a Kanada da Najeriya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dennis Idahosa: Steadily Climbing the Political Ladder |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/10/08/dennis-idahosa-steadily-climbing-the-political-ladder |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=www.thisdaylive.com |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ya yi aiki a fannin kiwon lafiya na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kuma sassan kawance kafin shiga siyasa. An naɗa shi kwamishinan ma’aikatar zuba jari ta jihar Edo, haɗin gwiwar jama’a da masu zaman kansu (2014-2015) ta gwamnatin Adams Oshiomhole. Ya kasance memba na Hukumar National Green Wall, Abuja, daga watan Maris 2018 zuwa Nuwamba 2018. <ref name=":1"/> A shekarar 2019, an zaɓe shi a matsayin ɗan majalisar wakilai kuma ya sake zaɓe a shekarar 2023 a karo na biyu a ofis inda ya doke [[Omosede G. Igbinedion|Omosede Igbinedion]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nseyen |first=Nsikak |date=2023-09-09 |title=Tribunal dismisses PDP, LP Petitions, upholds Dennis Idahosa's victory in Edo |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/09/09/tribunal-dismisses-pdp-lp-petitions-upholds-dennis-idahosas-victory-in-edo/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba 2024, aka ayyana shi a matsayin zaɓaɓɓen mataimakin gwamna a zaɓen gwamna. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] c5eo1xzzqwwqt1l7ylqlvctrhxvfdws 0 90691 839416 617881 2026-05-23T17:02:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chikwendu Kalu''' Ya kasance ɗan siyasan kasar [[Najeriya]] ne. Ya taɓa zama mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar [[Isiala Ngwa ta Kudu]] kuma ya riƙe muƙamin kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar Abia ta 7. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emeruwa |first=Chijindu |date=2018-10-07 |title=2019: Abia Speaker, Kalu picks PDP ticket to seek reelection, opponent dumps party |url=https://dailypost.ng/2018/10/07/2019-abia-speaker-kalu-picks-pdp-ticket-seek-reelection-opponent-dumps-party/ |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abia: Rt. Hon. Chikwendu Kalu Charges Youths, Politicians On Attitudinal Change - News Mirror |url=https://www.newsmirrorng.com/abia-rt-hon-chikwendu-kalu-charges-youths-politicians-on-attitudinal-change/ |access-date=2025-01-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104143034/https://www.newsmirrorng.com/abia-rt-hon-chikwendu-kalu-charges-youths-politicians-on-attitudinal-change/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] fi5487jahwlpdwb008dn6ro2odzb3u9 0 92867 839426 833334 2026-05-23T18:16:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Christina Hammer''' (an Haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 1990) yar damben Jamus ce. A matsayinta na ƙwararriyar, ta gudanar da gasar zakarun duniya da yawa a cikin nau'ikan nauyi biyu, gami da taken WBO na matsakaicin nauyi na mata daga shekara 2010 zuwa 2019, <ref name="Verona">{{Cite web |last=Songalia |first=Ryan |date=14 December 2018 |title=Christina Hammer Wants Claressa Shiels Fight: 'She's Not a ROle Model For the Sport Like I Am' |url=https://www.ringtv.com/524895-christina-hammer-wants-claressa-shields-fight-shes-not-a-role-model-for-the-sport-like-i-am/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2019 |title=Christina Hammer Vs. Claressa Shields April 13 On Showtime |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/boxing-news/claressa-shields-vs-christina-hammer-april-13-on-showtime/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> ta zama ƙaramin ɗan dambe don lashe taken duniya na WBO; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Liggero |first=Becky |date=3 April 2018 |title=Christina Hammer goes 'all the way up' with Lady Hammer Casino |url=https://calvinayre.com/2018/04/03/business/christina-hammer-goes-way-lady-hammer-casino-video/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=CalvinAyre.com}}</ref> taken mata na matsakaicin nauyi na WBC tsakanin 2016 da 2018; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Brian |date=12 February 2019 |title=Claressa Shields vs. Christina Hammer middleweight unification fight set for April on Showtime |url=https://www.cbssports.com/boxing/news/claressa-shields-vs-christina-hammer-middleweight-unification-fight-set-for-april-on-showtime/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[CBS Sports]]}}</ref> da taken mata na babban matsakaicin nauyi na WBO a cikin 2013. <ref name="Undisputed">{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=26 September 2018 |title=Claressa Shields, Christina Hammer set to square off Nov. 17 in Atlantic City |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/24797064/claressa-shields-christina-hammer-set-square-nov-17-atlantic-city |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Ta kuma ƙalubalanci sau ɗaya don taken WBO mata mai matsakaicin nauyi a cikin 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2014 |title=WBF Executive Committee Declares Mathis vs. Hammer No Contest |url=https://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2014/news072814wbf-press-release.htm#.XHJYquj7SUk |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> da sau ɗaya don gasar zakarun matsakaicin nauyi na mata da [[Claressa Shields]] a 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BoxRec: Bout |url=https://boxrec.com/en/event/782880/2323790 |access-date=2019-12-09 |website=boxrec.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pugmire |first=Lance |date=12 April 2019 |title=Claressa Shields focused on winning and dominating versus Christina Hammer |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/boxing/la-sp-claressa-shields-christina-hammer-fight-20190412-story.html |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> <ref name="espn">{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=13 February 2019 |title=Claressa Shields-Christina Hammer back on, to fight April 13 in Atlantic City |url=https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/25982545/claressa-shields-christina-hammer-fight-back-held-april-13-atlantic-city |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=[[ESPN]] |quote="Hammer (24-0, 11 KOs), 28, a Kazakhstan native fighting out of Germany"}}</ref> Tun nasarar da Hammer ta samu a kan Zita Zatyko, ta samu nasarar lashe Gwarzon Shekara ta WBF da WBO; <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2017 |title=Female world champion Christina Hammer signs contract with Dmitriy Salita |url=https://www.worldboxingnews.com/female-world-champion-christina-hammer-signs-contract-with-dmitriy-salita/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043700/https://www.worldboxingnews.net/2017/12/18/female-world-champion-christina-hammer-signs-contract-with-dmitriy-salita/ |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=World Boxing News}}</ref> An ba ta lambar yabo ta BDB's BDB's Female Boxer of Year; <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2018 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Claressa Shields |url=http://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2018/news121218claressa-shields-vs-christina-hammer.htm |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> kuma WBO ta ba ta lambar lu'u-lu'u ta WBO don kyakkyawan aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2014 |title=Christina Hammer and SoftSwiss launch an online casino in partnership with WBC |url=https://www.softswiss.com/company-news/christina-hammer-softswiss-launch-online-casino-partnership-wbc/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=SoftSwiss}}</ref> Tun daga watan Fabrairun 2019, Hammer yana cikin matsayi na biyu mafi kyawun matsakaicin nauyi na mata ta ''The Ring'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fischer |first=Doug |date=22 February 2019 |title=Ratings Update: Inaugural Ring Women's Title on the Line in Shields-Hammer Showdown |url=https://www.ringtv.com/554883-ratings-update-inaugural-ring-womens-title-on-the-line-in-shields-hammer-showdown/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> da BoxRec, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2019 |title=Female Middleweight Rankings - BoxRec |url=http://boxrec.com/en/ratings?abc%5Bcountry%5D=&abc%5Bdivision%5D=Middleweight&abc%5Bsex%5D=F&abc%5Bstance%5D=&abc%5Bstatus%5D=a&r_go= |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[BoxRec]]}}</ref> da kuma mace ta bakwai mafi kyawun aiki, fam-for-pound, ta ESPN . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2020 |title=Women's boxing pound-for-pound rankings: Did Katie Taylor do enough to take over the No. 1 spot? |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/29738630/women-boxing-pound-pound-rankings-did-katie-taylor-do-enough-take-no-1-spot |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902004027/https://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/29738630/women-boxing-pound-pound-rankings-did-katie-taylor-do-enough-take-no-1-spot |archive-date=2 September 2020 |access-date=24 September 2020 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> An san Hammer don salon wasan dambe na haƙuri da dabara, sawa abokan hamayyarta ƙasa da jabs da ƙarin haƙƙoƙin bin diddigi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2017 |title=8 Badass Female Boxers You Need To Know |url=https://www.gq.com.au/fitness/sport/8-badass-female-boxers-you-need-to-know/image-gallery/ba717cff32055a45846abaa2bd51ea96 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[GQ]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=23 June 2018 |title=Claressa Shields recovers to beat Hanna Gabriels, confronts Christina Hammer |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/23880118/claressa-shields-recovers-first-round-knockdown-defeats-hanna-gabriels |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> Tun Nuwamba 2021 Wasserman Boxing ne ya sanya hannu kuma Daniel Todorovic na O1NE Sport GmbH ne ke sarrafa ta. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Christina Hammer 16 Agusta 1990 a Nowodolinka, Kazakh SSR, kafin yin hijira tare da iyayenta zuwa Sontra, Jamus, a 1991. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Bryan Armen |date=27 February 2019 |title=Fiery Claressa Shields prods cool Christina Hammer before blockbuster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/feb/27/shields-hammer-undisputed-womens-boxing-unification-fight |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]] |quote="Hammer, the German émigrée from Kazakhstan"}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Steve |date=5 April 2019 |title=For Christina Hammer, fighting in ballyhooed bout was her destiny |url=https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/26448244/for-christina-hammer-fighting-ballyhooed-bout-was-destiny |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=[[ESPN]] |quote="migrated from Kazakhstan"}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burnett |first=Gabrielle |date=22 February 2019 |title=Shields vs Hammer: All Eyes On Womens Boxing |url=https://www.myartmyrules.com/viewsfromringside/2018/1/28/its-our-time-to-shine |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=My Art My Rules}}</ref> Iyayenta sun bar Kazakhstan yayin da suke ganin kyakkyawar makoma ga dukan iyali a Jamus, tare da ingancin ilimi da ingancin rayuwa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Michael |date=22 December 2017 |title=Please Allow Her To Introduce Herself: MEET CHRISTINA HAMMER |url=http://nyfights.com/fight-news-nyf/please-allow-introduce-meet-christina-hammer/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=NYFights}}</ref> yayin da Hammer yayi magana game da girma don kada ya daina. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Craig |date=10 August 2017 |title=Exclusive interview: Christina Hammer – 'Claressa Shields didn't impress me!' |url=http://fighttalk.net/index.php/2017/08/10/exclusive-interview-christina-hammer-claressa-shields-didnt-impress-me/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Fight Talk |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626053513/http://fighttalk.net/index.php/2017/08/10/exclusive-interview-christina-hammer-claressa-shields-didnt-impress-me |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Craig |date=10 August 2017 |title=Exclusive interview: Christina Hammer |url=https://www.christinahammer.de/news/166-exclusive-interview-christina-hammer-claressa-shields-didnt-impress-me.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043741/https://www.christinahammer.de/news/166-exclusive-interview-christina-hammer-claressa-shields-didnt-impress-me.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=FightTalk.net}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da sha'awar wasanni ta hanyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]], guje-guje, iyo, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Struby |first=Tim |date=7 August 2017 |title=Meet Christina Hammer, The World Champion Boxer Who's Also a Lingerie Model |url=https://www.maxim.com/sports/christina-hammer-2017-8 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]}}</ref> kuma tana da shekaru 13, an gabatar da ita a wasan dambe bayan kawunta sun ba ta izinin raka su zuwa wuraren wasan dambe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Michael |date=14 May 2018 |title=A Deeper Look Into Christina Hammer |url=https://www.ringtv.com/535828-deeper-look-christina-hammer/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> Ta yi horo a Eschwege a karkashin Robert Staar, yayin da ta ci gaba da zama zakara na ƙarami bayan shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2018 |title=For Christina Hammer now the adventure USA begins |url=https://www.werra-rundschau.de/sport/lokalsport/boxerin-christina-hammer-aus-sontra-boxt-in-usa-9895217.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Werra-Rundschau}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2018 |title=Christina Hammer |url=http://www.thebestofintima.com/en/magazine_detail/christina_hammer-3794.html |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=The Best of Intima}}</ref> Lokacin da yake da shekaru 18, kocinta da mai horar da su, Dimitri Kirnos ya gano Hammer, inda ta ce: "Ko da yake na girma a cikin karamin gari, ina da shekaru 18 na yanke shawarar zama ƙwararren ɗan dambe kuma na ƙaura daga gida [...] Tabbas, ba shi da sauƙi a farko, amma na san zan iya yin hakan idan na cire shi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fuchs |first=Klara |date=4 February 2017 |title=Boxing Champion Christina Hammer Interviewed |url=https://www.klarafuchs.com/2017/02/07/boxweltmeisterin-christina-hammer-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043933/https://www.klarafuchs.com/2017/02/07/boxweltmeisterin-christina-hammer-interview/ |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Klara Fuchs}}</ref> Lokacin da Hammer ke girma, ta sha'awar Gennady Golovkin da Wladimir Klitschko a matsayin 'yan wasa, yayin da ta bayyana cewa ita ma tana sha'awar "mata masu karfi kamar [[Jennifer Lopez]] wadanda suka gina daular kansu". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Diamond |first=Jill |date=6 April 2018 |title=Outside the Ring: Christina Hammer |url=http://www.boxing.com/outside_the_ring_christina_hammer.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042725/http://www.boxing.com/outside_the_ring_christina_hammer.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Boxing.com}}</ref> == Amateur aiki == Hammer ta fafata a gasar dambe ta Eschwege a gasar Jamus da dama, inda ta doke zakaran kananan yara na Jamus a 2007, inda ta samu nasara baki daya kan tsohon zakaran Jamus Manon Rohrbach da shekaru 63.&nbsp;kg, <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2007 |title=Action Day "Movement against Violent Violence in Motion" |url=http://www.freestyle-marburg.de/page:article:show:0000168483 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=FreeStyle |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043806/http://www.freestyle-marburg.de/page:article:show:0000168483 |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma lashe Gasar Gasar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Jamus ta Ƙasashen Duniya a Berlin ta hanyar kayar da Madelyn Cibis (BC Oberhavel) RSC-1 a 75&nbsp;kg. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2007 |title=Women's boxing DM for the 100th Neukölln club anniversary |url=http://www.boxen-hamburg.de/dmfrauen07.htm |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Boxing Hamburg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2007 |title=The finals |url=http://boxclub-oberhavel.de/durchgeboxt-bis-ins-finale/ |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Märker}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2008, ta je Eichstätt inda ta fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Jamus, inda ta ci azurfa bayan ta doke Silke Huenecke 28–7 da Janine Hoffmann 19–12, duk da haka, da zarar ta je wasan karshe ta yi rashin nasara da maki daya a kan Nikolina Orlovic da ci 13–14. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2008 |title=German Womens Championships - Eichstaett |url=http://amateur-boxing.strefa.pl/Nationalchamps/Germany2008w.html |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Amateur Boxing}}</ref> Hammer da farko ta gama aikinta na mai son tare da yin nasara 22 da rashin nasara 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2015 |title=Christina Hammer - the youngest German boxing champion |url=https://rusdeutsch.eu/Nachrichten/3136 |access-date=24 February 2019 |website=Landsmannschaft of the Russian Germans}}</ref> A cikin Fabrairu 2021, ta koma matsayin mai son da niyyar yin takara a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lubrich |first=Jörg |date=14 February 2021 |title=Amateur-Comeback von Christina Hammer - Dortmunderin steuert Olympia in Tokio an |url=https://www.bild.de/sport/mehr-sport/boxen/amateur-comeback-von-christina-hammer-dortmunderin-steuert-olympia-in-tokio-an-75357748.bild.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214100306/https://www.bild.de/sport/mehr-sport/boxen/amateur-comeback-von-christina-hammer-dortmunderin-steuert-olympia-in-tokio-an-75357748.bild.html |archive-date=14 February 2021 |access-date=15 February 2021 |website=bild.de |language=de}}</ref> Ta kasa tsallakewa zuwa gasar Olympics ta Tokyo. === Gasar Junior ta Ƙasashen Duniya === Hammer ta fafata a gasar dambe ta Eschwege a gasar wasannin Jamus da dama, inda ta doke zakaran kananan yara na Jamus na 2007, inda ta samu nasara baki daya kan tsohon zakaran Jamus Manon Rohrbach a kilogiram 63, kuma ta lashe Gasar Kananan Yara na Jamusawa a Berlin ta hanyar doke Madelyn Cibis (BC Oberhavel) RSC 3k4 a 7. A watan Agustan 2008, ta je Eichstätt inda ta fafata a Gasar Mata ta Jamus, inda ta ci azurfa bayan ta doke Silke Huenecke 28–7 da Janine Hoffmann 19–12, duk da haka, da zarar ta wuce zuwa wasan karshe ta yi rashin nasara da maki daya a kan Nikolina Orlovic da ci 13–14. Hammer da farko ta gama aikinta na mai son tare da samun nasara 22 da rashin nasara 1. A cikin Fabrairu 2021, ta koma matsayin mai son da niyyar yin takara a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo. Ta kasa tsallakewa zuwa gasar Olympics ta Tokyo.2007 * An ci Madelyn Cibis (Jamus) RSC–1 === Gasar cin kofin Jamus === '''2008''' * An ci Silke Huenecke (Jamus) (27–2) * An ci Janine Hoffmann (Jamus) (19–12) * Nikolina Orlovic ( [[Kroatiya|Craatia]] ) ya yi rashin nasara (13-14) == Sana'ar sana'a == === Farkon aiki === Bayan da ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar zakarun kasar Jamus, Hammer ta dan yi la'akari da fafatawa a gasar Olympics ta London 2012, amma burinta na zama zakara ya fi girma. <ref name="Olympics">{{Cite web |last=Karl |first=Fabian |date=18 February 2011 |title="MOST OF THE TIME I KNOCKED OUT" |url=http://www.pflichtlektuere.com/18/02/2011/die-meisten-hab-ich-halt-ausgeknockt/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Pflichtlektüre}}</ref> Hammer ta fara wasanta na farko a fagen ƙwararru tana da shekaru 19 a ranar 12 ga Satumbar 2009 a Gewerbehof Schlutius a [[Magdeburg]] da mayaƙin Jamus Melisa Koktar, wadda Hammer ta doke ta ta hanyar buga fasaha (TKO) a zagaye na biyu. <ref name="Record"/> A kan 24 Oktoba 2009 a Anhalt Arena a Dessau, Hammer ya lashe hudu zagaye baki daya yanke shawara a kan Czech jirgin saman soja Sarka Stoklaskova, wanda ya fadi zuwa 2-8 (1 KO) tare da asarar. <ref name="Record" /> Har zuwa 23 ga Oktoba 2010, ta ci gaba da samun karin fadace-fadace guda biyar a cikin watanni goma sha daya, inda ta doke Marija Pejakovic, Daniela Bickei, Patricia Braesick, Marie Riederer, da Mihaela Dragan duk ta hanyar knockout a cikin zagaye biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahly |first=Martin |date=28 September 2010 |title=With hammer to the world championship |url=https://www.wr.de/sport/lokalsport/dortmund/mit-hammer-zur-weltmeisterschaft-id3769668.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Westfälische Rundschau}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schröder |first=Rene |date=19 October 2010 |title="The big step forward" |url=https://www.derwesten.de/sport/lokalsport/dortmund/der-grosse-schritt-nach-vorn-id3848977.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022003127/http://www.derwesten.de/sport/lokalsport/dortmund/Der-grosse-Schritt-nach-vorn-id3848977.html |archive-date=22 October 2010 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Derwesten.de}}</ref> ==== Hammer vs. Perozzi ==== A ranar 23 Oktoba 2010, Hammer ta haɓaka matakin gasarta kuma ta fuskanci Teresa Perozzi don matsayi na WBO na matsakaici a Erdgas Arena a Riesa, Jamus, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dechabert |first=Derek |date=18 January 2012 |title=Perozzi ready to defend title on home shores |url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20120118/SPORT/701189962&template=mobileart |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[The Royal Gazette (Bermuda)|The Royal Gazette]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2010 |title=Teresa Perozzi Loses In Germany |url=http://bernews.com/2010/10/teresa-perozzi-loses-in-germany/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Bernews}}</ref> tare da yakin da aka nuna akan Sport1 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2010 |title=Christina Strikes Hard |url=https://www.riesa.de/deu/_presse/presse_meldung.php?id=601 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044514/https://www.riesa.de/deu/_presse/presse_meldung.php?id=601 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Willkommen in der Sportstadt Riesa}}</ref> Southpaw Perozzi ya fara yakin ne ta hanyar amfani da matsa lamba mai yawa da kuma saita sauri wanda ya tilasta Hammer ya yi tunani game da tsaro fiye da yakin da ta yi a baya. <ref name="Record"/> Ayyukan ya kasance har ma da farko, duk da haka, Hammer ya fara zira kwallaye akai-akai ga shugaban Perozzi a cikin zagaye na gaba. <ref name="Record" /> Perozzi ta ci gaba da kokarin danna laifinta amma hakkin Hammer ya ba da mafi kyawun harbe-harbe a cikin fada wanda sau da yawa ya fi kusanci fiye da katin da aka nuna. <ref name="Record" /> Hammer ya yi nasara a yanke shawara guda goma zagaye na 98–92, 97–93, da 97–93 don zama zakaran damben duniya mafi karancin shekaru na Jamus, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burgess |first=Dan |date=4 January 2012 |title=A look back at Perozzi's climb to the top |url=http://bermudasun.bm/Content/SPORTS/Boxing/Article/A-look-back-at-Perozzi-s-climb-to-the-top/8/117/56053 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[The Royal Gazette (Bermuda)|The Royal Gazette]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Woodyard |first=Eric |date=3 August 2017 |title=See how Claressa Shields compares to all-time greats of women's boxing |url=https://www.mlive.com/sports/flint/index.ssf/2017/08/see_how_claressa_shields_compa.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=MLive.com}}</ref> kuma dan dambe mafi karancin shekaru a tarihi don lashe taken WBO. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2015 |title=Professional boxer Christina Hammer wants to contest show fights in the USA |url=http://www.lvz.de/Region/Doebeln/Profi-Boxerin-Christina-Hammer-will-Show-Kaempfe-in-den-USA-bestreiten |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306134458/http://www.lvz.de/Region/Doebeln/Profi-Boxerin-Christina-Hammer-will-Show-Kaempfe-in-den-USA-bestreiten |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[Leipziger Volkszeitung]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2010 |title=Draw for the "German Oak" |url=https://www.gnp1.de/allgemein/ergebnisse/news/unentschieden-fuer-die-deutsche-eiche/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=GNP1}}</ref> <ref name="Record" /> ==== Hammer vs. Kiss ==== A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 2011, Hammer ta kara da matsayin WBF matsakaiciyar nauyi a cikin tarin bel ɗinta, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2011 |title=Photos/Weights: Jan Zaveck 146, Paul Delgado 145 |url=https://www.boxingscene.com/photos-weights-jan-zaveck-146-paul-delgado-145--36065 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=BoxingScene}}</ref> a kan kati na Jan Zaveck tana kare kambunsa na IBF welterweight da Paul Delgado a filin wasanni na Stožice a [[Ljubljana|Ljubljana, Slovenia]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Christina Hammer will defend her belt in Ljubljana |url=http://www.ruslife.eu/Sport/Boks/Kristina-Hammer-Christina-Hammer-Boj-v-Ljubljane.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120202901/http://www.ruslife.eu/Sport/Boks/Kristina-Hammer-Christina-Hammer-Boj-v-Ljubljane.html |archive-date=20 January 2013 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=RusLife}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Will Christina Hammer become a two-time champion? |url=http://www.ruslife.eu/Sport/Boks/Kristina-Hammer-Ljubljana-Christina-Hammer-vs-Diana-Kiss.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306045144/http://www.ruslife.eu/Sport/Boks/Kristina-Hammer-Ljubljana-Christina-Hammer-vs-Diana-Kiss.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=RusLife}}</ref> lokacin da Kiss ya yi ritaya a zagaye na takwas na kusurwoyi bakwai. <ref name="Record">{{Cite web |date=14 October 2010 |title=Christina Hammer |url=https://www.womenboxing.com/biog/chammer.htm |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> Hammer ta fara da mugun nufi kuma yayi amfani da hannunta don sarrafa aikin. <ref name="Record" /> A kashi na biyu na fada Hammer ya kara matsi sannan Kiss ya fara zubar da jini daga hancinta. <ref name="Record" /> A lokacin hutun zagaye, Kiss ta nuna wa mai horar da ita cewa ba ta da niyyar ci gaba, <ref name="Record" /> don haka Hammer ya ci nasara ta TKO. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2012 |title=Maria Lindberg Meets Hungarian Diana Kiss in Hamburg on February 11 Over Six Rounds |url=https://www.mmanytt.se/nyheter/maria-lindberg-moter-ungerskan-diana-kiss-i-hamburg-11e-februari-over-sex-ronder/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=MMAnytt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2012 |title=2011 World Boxing Federation Awards |url=http://www.worldboxingfederation.net/wbfawards2011.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121060253/http://www.worldboxingfederation.net/wbfawards2011.htm |archive-date=21 November 2018 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=World Boxing Federation}}</ref> ==== Hammer vs. Lindberg, Rayuwa ==== A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2011, a Zlatopramen Arena a [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], Hammer ta kare kambunta na WBO da WBF na matsakaicin nauyi a gasar zagaye na goma da WIBA da WIBF mai rike da kambun nauyi mai matsakaicin nauyi Maria Lindberg, <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2011 |title=Christy Martin's back and a highly anticipated women's bout tonight! |url=https://girlboxing.org/2011/05/27/christy-martins-back-a-highly-anticipated-womens-bout-2night/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=GirlBoxing}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansson |first=Kent |date=30 December 2013 |title=Maria Lindberg leaves Malmö after hard 2013 |url=https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/sport/maria-lindberg-lamnar-malmo-efter-svart-2013/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[Expressen]]}}</ref> wanda Hammer ya yi nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara baki daya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2011 |title=Konecny domine Bayram |url=http://www.ffboxe.com/news-13449-boxe-professionnelle-konecny-domine-bayram.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[French Boxing Federation]] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2011 |title=Christina Hammer defeats Maria Lindberg |url=http://womensboxingnow.blogspot.com/2011/05/christina-hammer-defeats-maria-lindberg.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Womens Boxing Now}}</ref> da haka WBF ya yi magana game da ''WBF.'' Jami'in maki 97-93, 97-93, da 98-92. <ref name="Record"/> A ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2011, a Brandenburg Hall a [[Frankfurt]], Jamus, Hammer ya yi nasara a yanke shawara guda goma game da Vashon Living na Amurka, yana kare mata lakabin WBO da WBF. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2011 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Vashon Living - WBO female middleweight title |url=http://www.wbo-europe.com/video/christina-hammer-vs-vashon-living---wbo-female-middleweight-title-video/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2011 |title=Press Conference in Germany: Kentikian and Hammer on card |url=https://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2011/news101711kentikianhammer.htm |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> Rayuwa, wacce ke cikin babban rashi, ta kasance mai wayar hannu kuma tana da kuzari yayin da take ƙoƙarin kusantar ɓata da aiki a ciki, amma Hammer har yanzu tana iya amfani da damar da ta samu don sarrafa tafiyar. <ref name="Record" /> Hammer ya sauka daidai manyan manyan hanyoyi guda biyu a cikin na bakwai kuma Living ya bayyana ya gaji saboda bugun Hammer mai tsayi a zagayen rufewa. <ref name="Record" /> ==== Hammer vs. Tshabalala, Hernandez ==== A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2012, a Sportovní hala Vodova a Brno, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hammer ta kare kambunta na uku na WBF da WBO na matsakaicin nauyi, inda ta mamaye shari'ar don ci gaba da rike kambunta tare da yanke shawara baki daya kan Julie Tshabalala ta Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2012 |title=Konecny-Larbi; Hammer-Tshabalala Officials |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/boxing-news/konecny-larbi-hammer-tshabalala-officials/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> <ref name="WBO">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2012 |title=Hammer Defeats Tshabalala |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/wbo-women/hammer-defeats-tshabalala/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> Hammer ya yi hasashen samun nasara a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, tare da Tshabalala ya yi fafatawa a ciki don gujewa dogon zango da harbin kai tsaye daga Hammer, wanda ya daidaita da kyau kuma ya yi karo da ƙugiya da sama. <ref name="WBO" /> <ref name="Record"/> Tshabalala ta sami mafi kyawun lokacinta a zagaye shida da bakwai, kuma da alama tana kama iska ta biyu, amma Hammer ta dawo kan gaba a zagaye uku na ƙarshe, wanda ya sa Tshabalala ta rasa kuma ta biya kuɗin kurakuranta. <ref name="WBO" /> <ref name="Record" /> Alkalan Zoltan Enyedi, Manuel Oliver Palomo, da Andre Van Grootenbruel ne suka yi nasara a fafatawar 99–91, 100–90, da 100–90 duk sun goyi bayan mai kare WBF da zakaran matsakaicin nauyi na WBO. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2012 |title=(4/5/2012)Christina Hammer Vs. Queen Tshabalala |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/official-results/452012christina-hammer-vs-queen-tshabalala/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> Bayan Hammer ta doke Tshabalala, an sanar da cewa Hammer za ta kare sunanta a RWE Rhein-Ruhr Sporthalle a Muelheim, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Jamus a kan Yahaira Hernandez a ranar 7 ga Satumba 2012 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baum |first=Clive |date=30 August 2012 |title=Hammer Out To Show She Is # 1 |url=http://www.worldboxingfederation.net/articles/article0234.htm |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Federation]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2012 |title=Weltmeisterin Hammer will Titel verteidigen |url=https://www.fr.de/sport/sport-mix/weltmeisterin-hammer-will-titel-verteidigen-11356412.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Frankfurter Rundschau}}</ref> Hammer ya zo a 70.3 kilograms, yayin da Hernandez ya auna 'yan gram da yawa a cikin kayan farko, wanda manajanta, Daniel Born, ya yi aiki da ƙarfi kuma ya yanke ƙuƙwalwar ƙwallon ƙafa, wanda ya haifar da gyaran nauyin zuwa batu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Böttner |first=Gerd |date=6 September 2012 |title=Small weight problems |url=https://www.waz.de/sport/lokalsport/muelheim/kleine-gewichtsprobleme-id7067958.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]]}}</ref> Hammer ya lashe nasara a zagaye goma a kan Yahaira Hernandez . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schumann |first=Dieter |date=11 September 2012 |title=Double world champion Christina Hammer still victorious |url=https://www.lokalkompass.de/muelheim/c-sport/doppelweltmeisterin-christina-hammer-weiterhin-siegreich_a208740 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=WVW/ORA Anzeigenblätter |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043845/https://www.lokalkompass.de/muelheim/c-sport/doppelweltmeisterin-christina-hammer-weiterhin-siegreich_a208740 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fifikon fasaha na Hammer ya bayyana duk da kokarin wasan da Hernandez ya yi, wanda aka buga a zagaye na huɗu, na tara, da na goma.<ref name="Record"/> Hernandez, wanda aka cire maki biyu don riƙewa da kuma 10-8 rasa zagaye saboda sau uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2012 |title=World Champion Hammer defends titles confidently |url=https://www.wolfsburger-nachrichten.de/sport/mehr-sport/article150751633/Weltmeisterin-Hammer-verteidigt-Titel-souveraen.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[Braunschweiger Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2012 |title=Christina Hammer Vs. Yahaira Hernandez |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/official-results/christina-hammer-vs-yahaira-hernandez/ |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> Bayan haka, Hammer ta yi magana game da niyyarta ta kori Hernandez, amma ba za ta iya yin hakan ba, kodayake ta bayyana cewa tana farin ciki da aikinta.<ref name="Hernandez">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2012 |title=Christina Hammer Outclasses Yahaira Hernandez in Muelheim |url=http://www.doghouseboxing.com/Boxing_News/DHBpr0908cc12.htm |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Doghouse Boxing |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043841/http://www.doghouseboxing.com/Boxing_News/DHBpr0908cc12.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hernandez ta yaba wa Hammer, inda ta bayyana cewa "Na yi mamakin tsananin Hammer, kuma ta buga da gaske.<ref name="Hernandez" /> === Super matsakaicin nauyi === ==== Hammer vs. Zatyko ==== A cikin Afrilu 2013, Hammer ta sanar da cewa za ta yi yaƙi da Zita Zatyko mai shekaru 32 da ba a ci nasara ba, wadda aka ɗauke ta a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan damben mata a duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2013 |title=Women's World Cup at next Klitschko fight |url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/sport/mehr-sport/Frauen-WM-bei-n%C3%A4chstem-Klitschko-Kampf-article1018184.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=[[General-Anzeiger]]}}</ref> akan 4 May 2013 don WBF da sarari WBO mata babban matsayi na matsakaicin nauyi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2013 |title=MESSAGE / 1066: Christina Hammer wants to become world champion of all classes (SB) |url=http://www.schattenblick.de/infopool/sport/boxen/sbxm1066.html |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Elektronische Zeitung Schattenblick |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510100534/http://schattenblick.de/infopool/sport/boxen/sbxm1066.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2013 |title=Christina Hammer wants to conquer the next weight category |url=https://box-sport.de/news/christina-hammer-will-naechste-gewichtsklasse-erobern |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111400/https://box-sport.de/news/christina-hammer-will-naechste-gewichtsklasse-erobern |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Boxsport}}</ref> Daga cikin shirye-shiryen haduwar, Hammer ya bayyana cewa "Burina shi ne in zama zakara mafi kyau a damben boksin, fam-for-pound, da lashe gasar duniya ta biyu a azuzuwan nauyi biyu ta hanyar doke Zatyko zai zama wani mataki na cimma wannan burin." <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2013 |title=WBF Title Bout: Zita Zatyko vs. Christina Hammer |url=http://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2013/news05032013-wbf-title-bout.htm |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> Kwanan da aka saita don dawowa yana nufin Hammer zai yi yaƙi a kan katin Wladimir Klitschko yana kare WBA (Super), IBF, WBO, IBO, ''Ring'', da lakabi masu nauyi na layi akan Francesco Pianeta a SAP Arena a Mannheim . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2013 |title=Klitschko vs. Pianeta official: On 4 May in Mannheim |url=https://www.boxen.de/news/klitschko-vs-pianeta-offiziell-am-4-mai-in-mannheim-25077 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044641/https://www.boxen.de/news/klitschko-vs-pianeta-offiziell-am-4-mai-in-mannheim-25077 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Boxen.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2013 |title=Christina Hammer: "I want to become world champion of all classes!" |url=https://www.boxen.de/news/christina-hammer-ich-will-weltmeisterin-aller-klassen-werden-25674 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044734/https://www.boxen.de/news/christina-hammer-ich-will-weltmeisterin-aller-klassen-werden-25674 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Boxen.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2017 |title=Women's World Cup at next Klitschko fight |url=https://www.nwzonline.de/boxen/frauen-wm-bei-naechstem-klitschko-kampf_a_3,0,3913411490.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043422/https://www.nwzonline.de/boxen/frauen-wm-bei-naechstem-klitschko-kampf_a_3,0,3913411490.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Nordwest-Zeitung}}</ref> Hammer ta taka rawar gani kuma ta yi amfani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun dambenta don fitar da Zatyko mai nauyi. <ref name="Zatyko">{{Cite web |date=4 May 2013 |title=Hammer defeats Zatyko |url=https://www.boxingnews24.com/2013/05/hammer-defeats-zatyko/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044038/https://www.boxingnews24.com/2013/05/hammer-defeats-zatyko/ |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Boxing News 24}}</ref> A zagaye na hudu, Hammer ya zura kwallo a raga, kararrawa ce kawai ta ceci wadanda suka ji rauni, amma jarumi, Zatyko. <ref name="Zatyko" /> A zagaye na gaba Hammer ya ci gaba da kai harin, amma Zatyko ya shawo kan guguwar kuma bayan zagaye goma na manyan damben boksin, alkalan Patricia Morse Jarman, Zoltan Enyedi, da Oliver Brien sun zira kwallaye 100–89, 99–90, da 99–90 duk sun goyi bayan sabon zakaran matsakaicin nauyi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bivins |first=Ryan |date=20 May 2013 |title=Boxing results and recaps, Apr. 28 - May 4: Lucas Browne, Srisaket Sor Rungvisai, Antonio Orozco, and Ramon de la Cruz Sena pull off career best wins |url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2013/5/10/4320382/boxing-results-apr-28-may-4-browne-srisaket-orozco |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Bad Left Hook}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Woolever |first=Phil |date=30 November 2017 |title=European Report: Christina Hammer and other notes |url=http://forum.ib.tv/forum/forum/boxing/4750-european-report-christina-hammer-and-other-notes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044516/http://forum.ib.tv/forum/forum/boxing/4750-european-report-christina-hammer-and-other-notes |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=European Report}}</ref> <ref name="Zatyko" /> === Komawa zuwa matsakaicin nauyi === ==== Hammer vs Lauren ==== An sanar da shi a kan 14 Yuni 2013, Hammer shine ya sauke karin fam biyar da rabi zuwa 157 kuma ya kalubalanci Mikaela Laurén daga Sweden a kan 13 Yuli 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2013 |title=Mikaela Laurén Meets Christina Hammer in Germany July 13th About the WBO Title |url=https://www.mmanytt.se/nyheter/mikaela-lauren-moter-christina-hammer-i-tyskland-13e-juli-om-wbo-titeln/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=MMAnytt}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2013 |title=Stieglitz-Kiyota TODAY In Dresden, Germany |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/boxing-news/stieglitz-kiyota-hoy-en-dresden-alemania/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alfelt |first=Stefan |date=13 June 2013 |title=Stared each other out - then the kiss came |url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/sportbladet/a/e1OWJM/stirrade-ut-varandra--sedan-kom-kyssen |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Aftonbladet]]}}</ref> a kan kariyar Robert Stieglitz na kare martabar WBO super-middleweight title da Yuzo Kiyotaes a Edennerbun [[Dresden|Dr.]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Jan |date=13 July 2013 |title=Female boxer surprised opponent |url=https://www.bt.dk/boksning/se-billedet-kvindelig-bokser-overraskede-modstander |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[BT (tabloid)|BT]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2013 |title="Return of the Champions": Hammer meets Lauren |url=https://www.boxen.de/news/rueckkehr-der-champions-hammer-trifft-auf-lauren-27287 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043451/https://www.boxen.de/news/rueckkehr-der-champions-hammer-trifft-auf-lauren-27287 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Boxen.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2013 |title=Press conference in Dresden: Kiyota announces Ko against Stieglitz |url=https://www.boxen.de/news/pressekonferenz-in-dresden-kiyota-kuendigt-k-o-gegen-stieglitz-an-27568 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044218/https://www.boxen.de/news/pressekonferenz-in-dresden-kiyota-kuendigt-k-o-gegen-stieglitz-an-27568 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Boxen.de}}</ref> An yi yaƙin ne da wani ɓacin rai da abokin hamayyar Lauren ke sumbantar Hammer a nauyi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2013 |title=Two female boxers go from intense stare down to kissing |url=https://www.joe.ie/sport/picture-two-female-boxers-go-from-intense-stare-down-to-kissing-353942 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Joe.ie]]}}</ref> ko da yake Hammer ya yi dariya daga halin da ake ciki yana mai cewa "Ban taɓa ganin irin wannan abu ba. Ina fatan zan iya azabtar da ita kaɗan saboda sumba." Lauren ta ɗauki salo na musamman mai ban tsoro kuma ba ta taɓa ɓoye kanta ba, wanda musayar tashin hankali ta tashi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2013 |title=Hammer stays cool in the fight |url=https://www.werra-rundschau.de/sport/lokalsport/hammer-bleibt-kampf-cool-3007006.html |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Werra-Rundschau}}</ref> Yayin da ake gwabza kazamin fada tsakanin 'yan damben boksin na duniya guda biyu, a bayyane yake cewa Hammer ya kasance mafi kyawun mayaki a kusan kowane zagaye. <ref name="Lauren">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2013 |title=Hammer Retains WBF Crown, Thomas and Browning Draws |url=http://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2013/news071413fight-report-wbf-christina-hammer.htm |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> Lauren ta yi ƙoƙarin yin duk abin da za ta iya don samun nasara, amma Hammer ya yi tasiri tare da haɗin kai mai wuyar gaske kuma da wuya ya bar abokin hamayyarta ya sami mafi kyawun musayar. <ref name="Lauren" /> Bayan zagaye goma masu nishadantarwa na dambe, alkalan Frank Michael Maass, Terry O'Connor, da Alejandro Lopez sun zira kwallaye 100–90, 99–91, da 98–92 duk sun goyi bayan zakara mai karewa, wanda ya inganta tarihinta mara tabo zuwa 15–0. <ref name="Lauren" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2013 |title=Love and blows: Knutsch attack in front of the ring |url=https://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.christina-hammer-gegen-mikaela-lauren-liebe-und-hiebe-knutsch-attacke-vor-dem-ring.373be67d-d352-4eb4-870c-25344d657213.html |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Abendzeitung]]}}</ref> Yayin da Hammer ta yi nasarar kare kambun WBO ta biyar ta hanyar doke Lauren, Shugaban WBO Francisco Varcarcel ya ba ta lambar yabo ta WBO Diamond Ring saboda rawar da ta taka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2013 |title=Boxer Hammer defends world title against Swede Lauren |url=https://www.berliner-kurier.de/sport/nach-kuss-attacke-boxerin-hammer-verteidigt-wm-titel-gegen-schwedin-lauren-6429368 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Berliner Kurier]] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Hammer vs Toscano ==== Bayan dawowar matsakaicin nauyi na Hammer da Mikaela Laurén a watan Yuni 2013, Hammer yayi magana game da sha'awarta na yakar Nikki Adler na gaba a 168 fam, albeit uzuri a bangaren Adler, kazalika da yiwuwar fuskantar Cecilia Brækhus a wani nauyi . Hammer ya bayyana cewa duka mayakan biyu suna cikin ganinta yayin da yake furtawa "Ina so in zama mafi kyawun mata masu gwagwarmaya a kusa! Ina da mataki na zuwa super-middleweight kuma na nuna cewa zan iya yin nasara a fiye da ɗaya rabo amma yanzu na dawo a matsakaicin nauyi, kusa da nauyin nauyin Anne Sophie. Muna kama da girman girman kuma wannan yakin za a iya sanya shi Matsayin mata na matsakaicin nauyi tare da bugun farko a kan Carmen Garcia Toscano a Brandenburg Halle a Frankfurt. Dukansu Hammer da Garcia sun yi awo a daidai 72.5 kg. Toscano ta sami matsala wajen tunkarar Hammer saboda girman rashin girmanta kuma ta riga ta sami nasara mai tsanani a farkon matakin nan da nan. A tsakiyar zagayen, Toscano ya daina gujewa bugun Hammer kuma ya kasa kare kansa a kan igiyoyin, dalilin da ya sa alkalin wasa Ingo Barrabas ya shiga tsakani. Bayan fafatawar, Hammer ya bayyana cewa ƙwanƙwasa ita ce mafi kyawun zaɓi a koyaushe, yayin da ya ce "Na yi nadama ga masu sauraro cewa abubuwa sun tafi da sauri. Har yanzu ina da burin da yawa kuma ina so in ga wasu abokan adawar masu matsakaicin nauyi tsaye a gabana. Gaba a bude take." ==== Hammer vs. Balogun ==== An sanar a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2014, cewa Hammer ta shirya yin kambun kambunta na bakwai a karawarta Jessica Balogun a ranar 1 ga Maris 2014, a GETEC Arena a Magdeburg. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2014 |title=Jessica Balogun boxing against world champion Hammer |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/sport/jessica-balogun-boxt-gegen-weltmeisterin-hammer_aid-25800295 |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Aachener Zeitung]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrady |first=Jim |date=16 February 2014 |title=Under the Radar: Fights That Didn't Make the Big Headlines: March 1st 2014 |url=http://theboxingtribune.com/2014/02/26/under-the-radar-fights-that-didnt-make-the-big-headlines-march-1st-2014/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=The Boxing Tribune |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043409/http://theboxingtribune.com/2014/02/26/under-the-radar-fights-that-didnt-make-the-big-headlines-march-1st-2014/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Balogun">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2014 |title=Christina Hammer to Defend her WBF Title |url=http://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2014/news021414hammer.htm#.XHUO0uj7SUk |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> Balogun zai tashi daga kilo 147, amma ta dage cewa karin nauyin zai kara mata karfi ne kawai, cewa Hammer ba ta taba fuskantar kowa da salonta ba, tare da cike da kwarin gwiwa cewa tana da abin da zai haifar da damuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2014 |title=Brækhus ready for Balogun challenge |url=http://www.sauerlandpromotion.com/news/br-khus-ready-for-balogun-challenge/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[Wilfried Sauerland|Sauerland Promotion]] |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044027/http://www.sauerlandpromotion.com/news/br-khus-ready-for-balogun-challenge/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Balogun" /> Yakin zai gudana ne a matsayin gwagwarmayar rashin kati zuwa yakin taken babban matsakaicin nauyi na WBO tsakanin Robert Stieglitz da Arthur Abraham . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2014 |title=Stieglitz-Abraham III Presser |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/boxing-news/stieglitz-abraham-iii-presser/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christ |first=Scott |date=23 February 2014 |title=Chavez vs Vera II, Burns vs Crawford, Stieglitz vs Abraham III, Boxcino 2014: Boxing TV schedule for Feb. 28-Mar. 1 |url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2014/2/23/5437808/chavez-vs-vera-ii-burns-vs-crawford-stieglitz-vs-abraham-iii-boxcino |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Bad Left Hook}}</ref> Hammer ta ji daɗin tsayin tsayin inci huɗu akan Balogun, yanayin da ta yi amfani da shi a lokacin yaƙin zagaye goma. <ref name="Digest">{{Cite web |date=4 April 2014 |title=The Sweet Side of the Sweet Science - Women's Boxing Monthly Vol 11 |url=http://fitefansho.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-sweet-side-of-sweet-science-womens.html |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=KO Digest}}</ref> Hammer ta bayyana cikin annashuwa a duk lokacin da ta ajiye abokin hamayyarta mai tsananin caje a nesa ta hannun dama ta saukowa bisa ga so da naushi kai tsaye daga waje. <ref name="Digest" /> Balogun ya yi kokarin kai fadan cikin gida da Hammer, amma ya ci karo da sama-sama da ƙugiya lokacin da Hammer ta daidaita da dabarunta, wanda ya haifar da nasara mai ban sha'awa guda ɗaya da ci 100-90 a kan dukkan katinan alkalan guda uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrady |first=Jim |date=5 March 2014 |title=Hammer, Farias Remain Undefeated: Women's Boxing – The Weekly Wrap Up |url=http://theboxingtribune.com/2014/03/05/hammer-farias-remain-undefeated-womens-boxing-the-weekly-wrap-up/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=The Boxing Tribune |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044028/http://theboxingtribune.com/2014/03/05/hammer-farias-remain-undefeated-womens-boxing-the-weekly-wrap-up/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2014 |title=Boxing: Christina Hammer defends both world titles |url=https://www.werra-rundschau.de/sport/lokalsport/boxen-christina-hammer-verteidigt-beide-wm-titel-3392452.html |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=Werra-Rundschau}}</ref> Hammer ya yi magana sosai game da burin Balogun na yin fada, yayin da ya ce "Na nuna abin da zan iya yi, bai kawo min sauki ba. Amma na samu damar cin gajiyar karfina, musamman tsayina.", Balogun kuma ya yaba da kwarewar Hammer. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Passehl |first=Johannes |date=3 March 2014 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Jessica Balogun - Challenger unsuccessful |url=http://www.boxwelt.com/2014/03/profiboxen/christina-hammer-vs-jessica-balogun-herausforderin-erfolglos/ |access-date=26 February 2019 |website=BoxWelt}}</ref> Tare da nasarar, Hammer ta inganta rikodin ta zuwa (17-0, 8 KOs), yayin da gaske tsaftace sashin matsakaicin nauyi. <ref name="Digest" /> SES Boxing ne ya haɓaka wasan da kuma watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin kai tsaye a Jamus a ranar Sat.1, wanda ya kai 4.20 miliyan masu kallo yayin samun 23.9% na kasuwar kasuwa. === Mai matsakaicin nauyi === ==== Hammer vs. Mathis ==== A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2014, Hammer ya kasance a jerin sunayen Cecilia Brækhus a matsayin abokin hamayyar mai yiwuwa, tare da Alejandra Oliveras da Ivana Habazin, wanda Brækhus ya bayyana "[...] ita ma tana so na a cikin zobe. Ta ce ba za ta yi dambe a wajen Jamus ba, yanzu na yi dambe a Jamus, don haka watakila za ta fi sha'awar yanzu. " A watan Yuni 2014, an sanar da cewa Hammer zai fuskanci tsohon mahara duniya da kuma Turai zakaran Anne Sophie Mathis (27-3-0, 23 KOs) ga WBF da sarari WBO junior-tsakiya lakabi a kan 26 Yuli 2014 a Anhalt Arena a Dessau. A ranar 23 Yuni 2014, a SES Boxing Gala, Hammer ya yi magana game da kalubale na soyayya da kuma kafa sababbin ka'idoji a damben mata, yayin da yake magana game da Mathis "Ina so in saita sababbin ka'idoji a damben mata. Hammer ya koma sansanin horar da ita daga Jamus zuwa tsaunukan Tyrol, Ostiriya, na 'yan kwanaki don shiga horo mai tsayi tare da kocin Dimitri Kirnos a shirye-shiryen. A cikin ingantacciyar faɗa tsakanin Hammer da Mathis, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Passehl |first=Johannes |date=27 July 2014 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Anne Sophie Mathis - Disqualification with question mark |url=http://www.boxwelt.com/2014/07/profiboxen/christina-hammer-vs-anne-sophie-mathis-disqualifikation-mit-fragezeichen/ |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=BoxWelt}}</ref> Hammer yana ƙunshe bayan an yi musanyar juna a zagaye na biyar, inda Mathis ya buga da dama da hannun dama zuwa Hammers na kunnen hagu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2014 |title=The Sweet Side of the Sweet Science - Women's Boxing Monthly Vol 15 |url=http://fitefansho.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2015-01-03T09:37:00-05:00&max-results=20&reverse-paginate=true |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=KO Digest}}</ref> Ba zato ba tsammani, Hammer ya gangara kan zane yana ta faman dawowa da kafafunta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baum |first=Clive |date=27 July 2014 |title=Hammer Wins Third WBF World Title, In Third Weight Class |url=http://www.worldboxingfederation.net/yy-wbf-article0474.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043000/http://www.worldboxingfederation.net/yy-wbf-article0474.htm |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Federation]]}}</ref> Alkalin wasan da aka nada, Manfred Kuechler, ya kasa kirga Hammer wanda ya bukaci dakika 25 don ta mike da kyau daga zane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2015 |title=The Sweet Side of the Sweet Science — 2014 Year End Review & Awards |url=http://fitefansho.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-sweet-side-of-sweet-science-2014.html |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=KO Digest}}</ref> Madadin haka, Kuechler ya yanke hukuncin naushin da ya kayar da Hammer da bugun da ba bisa ka'ida ba a bayan kai kuma ya hana Mathis cancanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Scandal judgment about Christina Hammer a bright spot for German boxing? |url=https://www.boxen.de/news/skandal-urteil-um-christina-hammer-ein-lichtblick-fuer-den-deutschen-boxsport-32402 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044520/https://www.boxen.de/news/skandal-urteil-um-christina-hammer-ein-lichtblick-fuer-den-deutschen-boxsport-32402 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Boxen.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrady |first=Jim |date=29 July 2014 |title=Win, Lose, Draw…or None of the Above: Women's Boxing – The Weekly Wrap Up |url=http://theboxingtribune.com/2014/07/29/win-lose-drawor-none-of-the-above-womens-boxing-the-weekly-wrap-up/ |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=The Boxing Tribune |archive-date=18 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218141725/http://theboxingtribune.com/2014/07/29/win-lose-drawor-none-of-the-above-womens-boxing-the-weekly-wrap-up/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hammer ya lashe WBF da guraben taken WBO na ƙarami-tsakiya ta hanyar DQ mai gardama akan Mathis. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Persson |first=Per-Ake |date=26 July 2014 |title=Boytsov and Feigenbutz in Halle August 30 |url=http://www.sportenote.com/news_p.asp?id=8928&da=24 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Sport & Note}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Avila |first=David A. |date=27 July 2014 |title=Celina Salazar's Costa Rican Getaway |url=http://www.uppercutmagazine.com/women-s-uppercut/celina-salazar-in-costa-rica |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111425/http://www.uppercutmagazine.com/women-s-uppercut/celina-salazar-in-costa-rica |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Uppercut Magazine}}</ref> Saboda tsananin kitsewar Hammer, Mathis bisa doka ta yi amfani da hannunta na kyauta don kai hari a gefen kan Hammer, ta tura ta kan zane. Maimaita motsin jinkirin ya nuna cewa Hammer ne ya yi mugun laifi ta hanyar rike hannun hagu na Mathis kuma har yanzu an fidda shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Hammer-Mathis Verdict Changed To No-Contest By BDB |url=https://www.boxingscene.com/hammer-mathis-verdict-changed-no-contest-by-bdb--80453 |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=BoxingScene}}</ref> Magoya bayan sun fusata kuma sun bayyana cewa an wawashe Mathis nasarar KO. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Update as of July 29, 2014: This fight has been declared a "No Contest". Mathis vs. Christina Hammer |url=https://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2014/news072714mathis-gets-robbed.htm |access-date=2014-07-27 |publisher=[[Women Boxing Archive Network (WBAN)]]}}</ref> Ita kanta Mathis ta ji haushin rashin cancantar da aka yi mata, domin ta san cewa naushin da ta yi na doka ne. <ref name="Mathis">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2014 |title=Boxing: What an injustice for Anne-Sophie Mathis! |url=https://www.estrepublicain.fr/sport/2014/07/27/quelle-injustice |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[L'Est Républicain]]}}</ref> "Abin kunya ne! Ban taba tunanin zai iya kawo karshen haka ba [...] A gare ni, na yi nasara a wannan yakin. Na ci nasara ta hanyar bugawa! Na fara ginawa kuma na ji cewa ba ta da numfashi. Ta yi amfani da zagaye hudu na farko ta rataye hannunta kuma ba a sanar da ita ba. [Rene Cordier] ya ci gaba da gaya mani: duk da haka ya buga da sauran hannun! Kuma a lokacin da na shiga kunnen ta [...] <ref name="Mathis" /> Hammer ya yi bikin lakabinta, duk da haka, ta yi baƙin ciki da sakamakon, inda ta ce: "Wannan wani abu ne marar adalci da aka yi da ita [...] amma ba zan iya barin irin wannan nasara a kaina ba - abu yana bukatar a daidaita shi. ", <ref>{{Cite web |last=George |first=Daniel |date=27 July 2014 |title=SES Boxing Gala in Dessau Stieglitz secures WBO Intercontinental belt |url=https://www.mz-web.de/dessau-rosslau/sport/ses-boxgala-in-dessau-stieglitz-1228948 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[Mitteldeutsche Zeitung]]}}</ref> yayin da yake bayyana cewa ba ta so ta zama zakara ta hanyar rashin cancanta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2014 |title=Boxer Christina Hammer wins the world title in the third weight class |url=https://www.werra-rundschau.de/sport/lokalsport/christina-bietet-wiederholung-3734593.html |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Werra-Rundschau}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2014, Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙasa ta Duniya ta ayyana wasan a matsayin 'babu gasa' kuma ta maido da taken WBF mai matsakaicin nauyi zuwa Mathis, <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2014 |title=World Boxing Federation Declares Mathis vs. Hammer No Contest |url=http://worldboxingfederation.net/yy-wbf-article0475.htm |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Federation]] |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313063039/http://worldboxingfederation.net/yy-wbf-article0475.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> tare da Martin André, shugaban Hukumar Damben Damben Faransa, yana mai cewa zai kai ƙara ga WBO, don tabbatar da nasarar Mathis kuma WBF a shirye yake ta hana Faransawa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Boxing: Anne-Sophie Mathis recovers her WBF belt |url=https://www.lorfm.com/actualites/sport/boxe-anne-sophie-mathis-recupere-sa-ceinture-wbf-851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044121/https://www.lorfm.com/actualites/sport/boxe-anne-sophie-mathis-recupere-sa-ceinture-wbf-851 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Lor'FM}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2019 |title=Le comit? directeur |url=http://www.ffboxe.com/rubriques-153-le_comite_directeur.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820132918/http://ffboxe.com/rubriques-153-le_comite_directeur.html |archive-date=20 August 2018 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[French Boxing Federation]]}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 2014, Hukumar ba da izini, ''Bund Deutscher Berufsboxer'' (BDB; Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Jamus), ta bi shawarar WBF kuma a hukumance ta canza sakamakon wasan zuwa 'ba-gasa'. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2014 |title=WBF Executive Committee Declares Mathis vs. Hammer No Contest |url=http://www.wbanmember.com/wbf-executive-committee-declares-mathis-vs-hammer-no-contest/ |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=History of Women's Boxing}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2014 |title=Mathis vs. Hammer: BDB mimics the WBF |url=http://www.ffboxe.com/news-19576-boxe-feminine-mathis-vs-hammer-la-bdb-imite-la-wbf.html |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Fédération française de boxe }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shugaban BDB Thomas Pütz ya nemi afuwar "mummunan matakin" kuma ya bayyana cewa za a gudanar da bincike kan lamarin da kuma sauraron Manfred Küchler don yanke shawara ko za a dakatar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2014 |title=German commission (BDB) changes result of female world championship Hammer vs. Mathis to "no contest" |url=http://www.wbanmember.com/german-commission-bdb-changes-result-of-female-world-championship-hammer-vs-mathis-to-no-contest/ |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=History of Women's Boxing}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2014 |title=WBF Executive Committee Declares Mathis vs. Hammer No Contest |url=http://www.womenboxing.com/NEWS2014/news072814wbf-press-release.htm#.XHYZquj7SUl |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Women Boxing}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2014, bayan sake duba fafatawar, WBO ta amince da WBF da BDB kuma ta ayyana ta a matsayin 'babu gasa' kuma ba ta ba da umarnin sake fafatawa ba tun da Hammer shi ne zakaran matsakaicin nauyi na kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2014 |title=Mathis vs. Hammer: WBO follows BDB and WBF |url=http://www.ffboxe.com/news-19603-boxe-professionnelle-mathis-vs-hammer-la-wbo-suit-la-bdb-et-la-wbf.html |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[French Boxing Federation]] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== Hammer vs. Reis, Lazar ==== A ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2015, an sanar da cewa SES Boxing za ta gabatar da wasan dambe na 100th a ranar 7 ga Maris a Maritim Hotel a Magdeburg, tare da Hammer a cikin katin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2015 |title=SES Boxing To Reach Promotional Milestone |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/inter-continental-news/ses-boxing-reach-promotional-milestone/ |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2015 |title=Boxing in Magdeburg |url=https://www.magdeburg.de/Start/Kultur-Sport/Sportvereine/Boxen |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[Magdeburg]]}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2015, an sanar da cewa Hammer za ta kare kambunta na takwas na WBO a otal din Maritim da ke Magdeburg a karo na 2 na duniya Kali Reis . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2015 |title=Christina Hammer meets Kali Reis from the USA |url=https://www.boxen.de/news/christina-hammer-trifft-auf-kali-reis-aus-den-usa-33492 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043106/https://www.boxen.de/news/christina-hammer-trifft-auf-kali-reis-aus-den-usa-33492 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Boxen.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2015 |title=Boesel, Hammer Open Workout |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/wbo-women/boesel-hammer-open-workout/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]] |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044558/http://www.wboboxing.com/news/wbo-women/boesel-hammer-open-workout/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Maris na 2015, annobar mura a Jamus ta sa Hammer da wasu mayaka da dama soke yakin da suka shirya yi a Otal din Maritim a ranar 7 ga Maris, wanda daga baya aka canza zuwa 5 ga Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2015 |title=Boxing World Championships in Jena: World Champion Hammer defends her title against Kali Reis on May 2nd |url=https://www.otz.de/web/zgt/sport/detail/-/specific/Box-WM-in-Jena-Weltmeisterin-Hammer-verteidigt-am-2-Mai-ihren-Titel-gegen-Kali-116792398 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Ostthüringer Zeitung }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2015 |title=The Flu Epidemic Is Now Also Brushing on SES Boxing |url=https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/121-die-grippewelle-streift-nun-auch-ses-boxing.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044147/https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/121-die-grippewelle-streift-nun-auch-ses-boxing.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Sport Events Steinforth}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2015 |title=Showdown in Jena |url=https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/122-showdown-in-jena.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043850/https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/122-showdown-in-jena.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Sport Events Steinforth}}</ref> A cikin ma'auni, Reiz, 29 a lokacin yakin, ya auna nauyin 155 da rabi, mafi nauyin da ta auna da kwarewa; Hammer, mai shekaru 24, ya zo da nauyi a 157 da fam uku cikin huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jelínek |first=Marek |date=2 May 2015 |title=Germany: Hammer vs Reis, Pejsar vs Schwarz, Sedláčková vs Kopinska and Polák vs Stahl! |url=https://www.proboxing.cz/nemecko-hammer-vs-reis-pejsar-vs-schwarz-sedlackova-vs-kopinska-a-polak-vs-stahl/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044627/https://www.proboxing.cz/nemecko-hammer-vs-reis-pejsar-vs-schwarz-sedlackova-vs-kopinska-a-polak-vs-stahl/ |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Pro Boxing}}</ref> Bayan da aka auna, Hammer yayi magana game da al'ada na Reis na "[ci gaba] gaba, yana da m kuma yawanci yana so ya dauki yakin. Amma ba za ta yi nasara tare da ni ba, na fi kyau kuma ni lamba 1 [...] Ba ni da tausayi." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2015 |title="Eye-catcher" with strong arguments |url=https://www.volksstimme.de/sport/regionalsport/1469531_Hingucker-mit-starken-Argumenten.html |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=[[Volksstimme (Saxony-Anhalt)|Volksstimme]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2015 |title=PK in the Zeiss Planetarium |url=https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/124-pk-im-zeiss-planetarium.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111314/https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/124-pk-im-zeiss-planetarium.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |website=Sport Events Steinforth}}</ref> Hammer ya mamaye Reis ta kowane fanni na zagaye tara, yana da sauri a ƙafafunta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2015 |title=Christina Hammer has defended world title |url=https://www.werra-rundschau.de/sport/lokalsport/neun-souveraene-runden-4965778.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Werra-Rundschau}}</ref> Kuma ta yi amfani da damarta mafi girma, wanda aka gina tare da jagorar hagu mai ban tsoro, wanda ta ajiye abokin hamayyarta a nesa, yana kasancewa babban fa'ida bayan zagaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2015 |title=Big Win in Jena |url=https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/125-haushoher-sieg-in-jena.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043408/https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/125-haushoher-sieg-in-jena.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Sport Events Steinforth}}</ref> Koyaya, kafin ƙarshen zagaye na goma, ƙugiya ta dama daga Reis ta bugi haikalin Hammer kuma ta gangara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2015 |title=Bösel and Hammer defend their titles in Jena |url=https://www.jenaer-nachrichten.de/stadtleben/1802-b%C3%B6sel-und-hammer-verteidigen-in-jena-ihre-titel |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Jenaer Nachrichten}}</ref> Hammer ya zo ƙafafunta da sauri, yana kawo ƙarshen yaƙin, tare da Jose Ignacio Martinez Antunez, Frank Michael Maass, da Matteo Montella sun zira kwallaye 98–91 don tabbatar da Hammer nasarar yanke shawara baki ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2015 |title=Professional boxer Hammer remains world champion |url=https://www.rotenburger-rundschau.de/sport/mehr-sport/profiboxerin-hammer-bleibt-weltmeisterin-zr-4963955.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Rotenburger Rundschau |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043432/https://www.rotenburger-rundschau.de/sport/mehr-sport/profiboxerin-hammer-bleibt-weltmeisterin-zr-4963955.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan yakin, na bugun ta, Hammer ya ce: "Haka yake a cikin dambe, dakika daya na rashin hankali, kuma ya ƙare. Za ku iya koya daga gare ta kawai." <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2015 |title=Successful title defense for Dominic Bösel and Christina Hammer! |url=https://www.boxen.de/news/erfolgreiche-titelverteidigungen-fuer-dominic-boesel-und-christina-hammer-34010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044231/https://www.boxen.de/news/erfolgreiche-titelverteidigungen-fuer-dominic-boesel-und-christina-hammer-34010 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Boxen.de}}</ref> A cikin Fabrairu 2016, a Dortmund Sportsman of the Year awards, Hammer yayi magana game da niyyarta na yin gwagwarmaya don taken WBC, da kuma yiwuwar matsawa zuwa babban matsakaicin nauyi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2016 |title=Christina Hammer Dortmund's Athlete of the Year |url=https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/129-christina-hammer-dortmunds-sportlerin-des-jahres.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043339/https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/129-christina-hammer-dortmunds-sportlerin-des-jahres.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Sport Events Steinforth}}</ref> tare da daidaitawa a cikin Yuni 2016 cewa Hammer zai sami fafatawar zagaye takwas kuma a cikin Oktoba na yaƙin duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thust |first=Sonja |date=9 June 2016 |title=Hammer hits Petko |url=https://www.boxen1.com/hammer-schlaegt-bei-petko-ein-12124/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Boxen1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2016 |title=Hammer Hits Petko |url=https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/133-hammer-schl%C3%A4gt-bei-petko-ein.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044331/https://www.christinahammer.de/en/news/133-hammer-schl%C3%A4gt-bei-petko-ein.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Sport Events Steinforth}}</ref> Melinda Lazar 'yar kasar Hungary ta zama 'yar takara na gaba don kalubalantar Hammer, wanda, a ranar 20 ga Yuni, an tabbatar da shi a taron Ballhaus a [[München|Munich]] a ranar 15 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2016 |title=Hammer climbs into the ring for Petko's boxing stable |url=https://box-sport.de/news/hammer-steigt-fuer-petkos-boxtstall-ring |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043433/https://box-sport.de/news/hammer-steigt-fuer-petkos-boxtstall-ring |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Box Sport}}</ref> Wannan zai sa Hammer ta fara fafatawa a fage da kuma faɗan farko cikin watanni goma sha huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Warmbrunn |first=Benedikt |date=17 July 2016 |title=Ballerina im Ring |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/boxen-ballerina-im-ring-1.3082801 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]}}</ref> Lazar ya riga ya aika da Hammer zuwa zane a zagaye na biyu, ko da yake in ba haka ba Lazar ya yi gwagwarmaya da mafi kyawun fasaha, mafi girman iyaka da ƙarfin Hammer, wanda ya motsa ta cikin zoben a hankali da kyan gani, amma a ƙarshe Lazar ya kasa ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2016 |title=Christina Hammer |url=https://www.anita.com/de/unternehmen/news-events/news/christina-hammer-fight-15-7.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Anita}}</ref> A zagaye na shida, kocin Lazar ya jefa a cikin tawul don kare mayaƙinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2016 |title=Comeback succeeded - Hammer wins prematurely |url=https://www.gnp1.de/boxen/allgemein/news/comeback-geglueckt-hammer-siegt-vorzeitig/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=GNP1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2016 |title=Ballhaus Forum, Munich, Bayern, Germany |url=http://womenboxing.com/fightresults2016/fightaugust2016.htm |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Womens Boxing Now}}</ref> Da yake magana bayan fadan, Hammer ya ce, "Ba wai babban abokin adawar ba ne, amma komai yana tafiya yadda aka tsara a gare ni, kuma yanzu zai iya tashi ne kawai kuma yanzu ina so in yi fada da Nikki Adler na sake zama zakara a duniya." <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2016 |title=Petko's Fight Night: "The Lion" bites through |url=https://www.ran.de/boxen/news/petkos-fight-night-der-loewe-beisst-sich-durch-111611 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Ran}}</ref> === Haɗin kai zakaran matsakaicin nauyi na duniya === ==== Hammer vs. Reis II ==== ==== Hammer vs Lindberg II, Ankrah ==== A 27 Fabrairu 2017, an sanar da cewa Hammer zai rematch Maria Lindberg (15-2-2, 8 KO) don yin ta farko tsaron gida na biyu da WBO da WBC unified middleweight titles, <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2017 |title=Boxing: Christina Hammer climbs in the opening act of Marco Huck in the ring |url=https://www.rtl.de/cms/boxen-christina-hammer-steigt-im-vorprogramm-von-marco-huck-in-den-ring-4092791.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044330/https://www.rtl.de/cms/boxen-christina-hammer-steigt-im-vorprogramm-von-marco-huck-in-den-ring-4092791.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[RTL (German TV channel)|RTL]]}}</ref> a kan undercard na Marco Huck 's tsaron ya IBO da kuma m WBC cruiserweight sunayen sarauta da Mairis Briedis a yammacin [[Dortmund]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christ |first=Scott |date=26 March 2017 |title=Huck vs Briedis, more: Boxing fight times and TV schedule for April 1 |url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2017/3/26/15064160/huck-vs-briedis-more-boxing-fight-times-and-tv-schedule-for-april-1 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Bad Left Hook}}</ref> A cikin ganawar, Lindberg ya bayyana cewa "Hammer yana da wuyar yin dambe. Amma ni dan dambe ne fiye da 2011 kuma ina tsammanin zan sami dama mai kyau a kan ta. Wannan ita ce dama ta karshe na samun babban kambu kuma a shirye nake in yi amfani da shi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Passehl |first=Johannes |date=27 February 2017 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Maria Lindberg - April 1 Dortmund |url=http://boxenplus.de/christina-hammer-vs-maria-lindberg-1-april-dortmund/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=BOXENPlus |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111444/http://boxenplus.de/christina-hammer-vs-maria-lindberg-1-april-dortmund/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da Hammer kuma ya lura cewa Lindberg hakika abokin hamayya ne mai tsauri "[...] Kuma ba shakka na san cewa ba zan iya dogara ga goyon bayan masu sauraro kawai ba. Zan yi aiki tukuru ba kamar da ba kuma in shirya don shiga cikin zobe. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thust |first=Ebby |date=24 March 2017 |title=Boxing World Cup: double hammer on April 1 in Dortmund |url=https://www.boxen1.com/box-wm-doppel-hammer-am-1-april-in-dortmund-18755/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=BOXENPlus}}</ref> A cikin ma'auni, Lindberg, 29 a lokacin yakin, ya auna nauyin 154 da kwata kwata, mafi nauyin da ta auna tun 2015; Hammer, mai shekaru 24, ya zo da nauyi a 158 da fam uku cikin huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2017 |title=Hammer and Lindburg Weigh In |url=http://fightnewsasia.com/hammer-lindberg-weigh/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Fight News Asia |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306061309/http://fightnewsasia.com/hammer-lindberg-weigh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hammer ba shi da wata matsala ko kaɗan game da Lindberg, tare da fitar da ɗan gajeren abokin hamayyarta daga kewayo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Passehl |first=Johannes |date=2 April 2017 |title=Christina Hammer vs Maria Lindberg - full fight |url=http://www.boxwelt.com/2017/04/profiboxen/christina-hammer-vs-maria-lindberg-full-fight/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=BoxWelt}}</ref> A gaban taron mutane 17,000 da suka halarta, Lindberg kawai ba zai iya wucewa ta Hammer's sting jab da haɗin gwiwar da ta haɗa a bayansu ba, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2017 |title=Maria Lindberg gets heavy title match |url=https://www.fightermag.se/2017/03/24/maria-lindberg-far-tung-titelmatch/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Fighter Magazine}}</ref> a ƙarshe ta yi asarar duk zagaye goma akan duk katunan maki uku, <ref>{{Cite web |last=L. Stumberg |first=Patrick |date=1 April 2017 |title=Mairis Briedis dominates Marco Huck for WBC and IBO titles |url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2017/4/1/15150576/mairis-briedis-dominates-marco-huck-for-wbc-and-ibo-titles |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Bad Left Hook}}</ref> tare da alkalan Massimo Barrovecchio, Guido Cavalleri, da Eddie Pappo000 da suka ci nasara a wasan da suka yi nasara. Zakaran WBC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jay |first=Phil |date=2 April 2017 |title=Briedis dominates Huck, claims unified cruiserweight title |url=https://www.worldboxingnews.com/briedis-dominates-huck-claims-unified-cruiserweight-title/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=World Boxing News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2017 |title=There was no sign of Huck's dreaded explosiveness |url=https://www.welt.de/sport/boxen/article163330321/Von-Hucks-gefuerchteter-Explosivitaet-war-nichts-zu-sehen.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[Die Welt]]}}</ref> A cikin hirar bayan yakin, Lindberg ya bayyana cewa, "Hammer yana da wuyar yin dambe [...] Na yi ƙoƙari na shiga wurinta amma bai yi nasara ba kuma bai yi kyau ba lokacin da na sami kwanyar ta a tsakiyar hanci na, ina tunanin yana cikin zagaye na hudu. Daya ba shi da sha'awar shiga bugun jini yana sauyawa tare da karyewar hanci. Ya yi zafi sosai a lokacin sauran wasan. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2017 |title=Broken nose in 40-year gift: "She balded me" |url=https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/sport/bruten-nasa-i-40-arspresent-hon-skallade-mig/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[Expressen]]}}</ref> Bayan yaƙin, Hammer ya yi magana game da yadda faɗa a garinsu na Westfalenhalle ya kasance mafarkin gaskiya, yayin da ta bayyana cewa tana son cimma burinta na gaba kuma ta tafi Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schulze |first=Thomas |date=4 April 2017 |title="The nose is already through" |url=https://rp-online.de/sport/boxen/christina-hammer-die-nase-ist-schon-mal-durch_aid-21053641 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[Rheinische Post]]}}</ref> A taron manema labarai na gaba, Manajan Hammer Harald Pia ya sanar da cewa za a yi jerin gwano na gaba na Hammer a Amurka, wanda a karshe za a yi karo da zakaran Olympic [[Claressa Shields]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2017 |title=Christina Hammer defends World Cup belt and paves way for America |url=https://www.boxen1.com/christina-hammer-verteidigt-wm-guertel-und-ebnet-weg-fuer-amerika-19047/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Boxen1}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2017, Pia ya ruwaito cewa Hammer yana da tayin kankare don faɗuwa huɗu a Amurka, duk ana watsa su ta HBO ko Showtime . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kürthy |first=Stephan |date=31 October 2017 |title=Hammer Deal for Christina Hammer |url=https://www.bild.de/sport/mehr-sport/christina-hammer/will-die-usa-erobern-53714458.bild.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[Bild]]}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2017, Hammer ta riƙe kambunta na WBO da WBC na matsakaicin nauyi tare da nasara zagaye na huɗu a kan Gifty Amanua Ankrah a SportScheck Allwetteranlage a Munich. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2017 |title=Hammer behauptet Titel gegen Ankrah |url=https://www.sport.de/news/ne2960686/hammer-behauptet-titel-gegen-ankrah/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Sport.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Boxing: Hammer claims title against Ankrah |url=https://www.eurosport.de/boxen/boxen-hammer-behauptet-titel-gegen-ankrah_sto6399153/story.shtml |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[Eurosport]]}}</ref> Game da haduwarta da Ankrah, Hammer ya ce: "[...] Dole ne in doke [Ankrah], mataki-mataki, fada da fada [...] Na yi shiri sosai, na san abin da zan yi, ina cikin yankina a cikin zobe, na ji dadi a can." <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=Boxing: Before USA Fights: Hammer wants to defend title in Munich |url=https://de.sports.yahoo.com/news/boxen-usa-fights-hammer-will-103619520.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Spox}}</ref> Hammer ya tsaida Ankrah da mugun hali a ƙarshen zagaye na huɗu, wanda ya aika da ita zuwa zane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2017 |title=Hammer still WBC champ after stunning KO |url=https://fightnews.com/hammer-still-wbc-champ-stunning-ko/8171 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Fight News |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111600/https://fightnews.com/hammer-still-wbc-champ-stunning-ko/8171 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ankrah ta tashi tana kokarin ci gaba da fafatawa, amma kafafunta na rawa, alkalin wasa Juergen Langos ya dakatar da wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2017 |title=Hammer defeated Ankrah in defense of his medium titles |url=http://notifight.com/hammer-derroto-ankrah-en-defensa-de-sus-titulos-medianos/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=NotiFight |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306060935/http://notifight.com/hammer-derroto-ankrah-en-defensa-de-sus-titulos-medianos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin hirar da aka yi da shi bayan fafatawar, Hammer ya yaba wa taurin Ankrah inda ya bayyana cewa, “[Ankrah] ’yar dambe ce mai tsananin tsauri, ban taba jin wani kai da ya fi nata ba. Hannayena sun yi zafi, gwaji ne mai kyau da dumi-duminsu ga tafiyata zuwa Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2017 |title=Christina Hammer won a very important victory by defeating the hard Ghanaian Gifty Amanua Ankrah |url=http://www.mobzillahosting.com/box/box/christina-hammer-consiguio-una-victoria-muy-importante-al-derrotar-a-la-dura-ghanes-gifty-amanua-ankrah/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Box Wordpress |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111315/http://www.mobzillahosting.com/box/box/christina-hammer-consiguio-una-victoria-muy-importante-al-derrotar-a-la-dura-ghanes-gifty-amanua-ankrah/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Hammer vs Nelson ==== A kan 14 Disamba 2017, ''The Ring'' ya ruwaito cewa Hammer zai sa ta US halarta a karon a kan 12 Janairu, da Lisa Noel Garland (15-9, 8 KOs), tare da yakin da ya faru a Juya Stone Resort &amp;amp; Casino, a Verona, New York, <ref name="Verona"/> tare da Hammer furtawa: "The US halarta a karon yana da matukar muhimmanci a gare ni; Ina so in nuna na farko da yawa a cikin akwatin na mace. take, ya kasance burina koyaushe in yi yaƙi a Amurka [...] Ina so in yi yaƙi da Cornejo da Garkuwa a nan gaba na horar da ni sosai kuma a shirye nake in yi yaƙi da kowa. <ref name="Verona" /> A ranar 18 ga Disamba 2017, Dmitriy Salita ya sanar da Hammer zuwa kwangilar haɓakar gwagwarmaya da yawa tare da Salita Promotions, tare da Hammer ta fara halarta ta Amurka 12 Janairu 2018 a Turning Stone Resort Casino a Verona, New York . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2017 |title=Salita Promotions Signs Women's Superstar Christina Hammer to Multi-Fight Promotional Contract |url=http://www.salitapromotions.com/salita-promotions-signs-womens-superstar-christina-hammer-multi-fight-promotional-contract/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043232/http://www.salitapromotions.com/salita-promotions-signs-womens-superstar-christina-hammer-multi-fight-promotional-contract/ |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[Salita Promotions]]}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2018, ''The Ring'' ya ruwaito cewa Hammer ya kamata ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin katin [[Claressa Shields]] vs Tori Nelson a ranar 12 ga Janairu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=8 November 2017 |title=Claressa Shields to make first title defense against Tori Nelson |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/21341225/unified-women-super-middleweight-world-titleholder-claressa-shields-make-first-defense-tori-nelson |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> duk da haka, saboda jinkirin aikinta ta hanyar, Hammer za ta jira zuwa bazara don halarta ta farko a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lik |first=Vladimir |date=12 January 2018 |title=Claressa Shields Dominates Tori Nelson, Targets Christina Hammer |url=https://www.ringtv.com/526014-claressa-shields-dominates-tori-nelson-targets-christina-hammer/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> A kan 24 Afrilu 2018, ''[[The Guardian]]'' ta sanar da cewa an saita Hammer don kare matsayinta na WBO da WBC na matsakaicin nauyi a kan tsohon zakara Tori Nelson a Detroit Masonic Temple a [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]], a kan 22 Yuni, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Armen Graham |first=Bryan |date=24 April 2018 |title=Claressa Shields to face Hanna Gabriels in bold middleweight takeover bid |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/apr/24/claressa-shields-hanna-gabriels-fight-christina-hammer |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orban |first=Jonny |date=25 April 2018 |title="Time To Shine" - Hammer meets Nelson/Shields box for middleweight world cup |url=https://www.boxen1.com/time-to-shine-hammer-trifft-auf-nelson-shields-boxt-um-mittelgewichts-wm-27946/ |access-date=28 February 2019 |website=Boxen1}}</ref> tare da yakin da aka nuna akan Showtime. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2018 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Tori Nelson on June 22 on Showtime |url=https://www.boxingnews24.com/2018/06/christina-hammer-vs-tori-nelson-title-fight-added-to-june-22-showtime-boxing-special-edition-headlined-by-claressa-shields-vs-hanna-gabriels/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=Boxing News 24}}</ref> Bayan sanarwar, Hammer ta bayyana cewa ta kashe yawancin sansaninta a Tyrol, Ostiriya, don yin horo mai tsayi a cikin shirye-shiryen Nelson. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Michael |date=24 May 2018 |title=Christina Hammer Counts Down To June 22 Fight on Salita Card in Detroit |url=http://nyfights.com/boxing-press-releases/christina-hammer-counts-june-22-fight-salita-card-detroit/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306174854/https://nyfights.com/boxing-press-releases/christina-hammer-counts-june-22-fight-salita-card-detroit/ |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=NYFights}}</ref> A ma'auni na hukuma, kwana ɗaya kafin yaƙin, Hammer ya ba da ma'auni a 159.5&nbsp;lbs, yayin da Nelson ya auna 157.5&nbsp;lbs <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2018 |title=WBO Unified Female Champion Christina Hammer And Tori Nelson Weigh In Result |url=http://www.wboboxing.com/news/boxing-news/wbo-unified-female-champion-christina-hammer-tori-nelson-weigh-result/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Organisation]] }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hammer da wayo ya yi amfani da tsayinta kuma ya kai ga fa'ida ta hanyar kiyaye yaƙin a dogon zango amma yana shiga ciki sau da yawa ya isa ya lashe yawancin musayar. Yawanci mafi kyawun jab ta saukowa da mita, kuma tare da karfi fiye da fadace-fadacen da suka gabata, kuma hannun dama ta haɗe da isasshen tasiri don yin ma'ana amma bai isa ya ɗaga Nelson ba, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Idec |first=Keith |date=22 June 2018 |title=Christina Hammer Handles Tori Nelson Easily, Retains Titles |url=https://www.boxingscene.com/christina-hammer-handles-tori-nelson-results--129358 |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=BoxingScene}}</ref> a ƙarshe ya haifar da alkalai Katealia Chambers, Benoit Roussel, da Pasquale Procopio sun zira kwallaye 99-91, 99-900 na WBC da kuma kare WBC duka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thust |first=Ebby |date=23 June 2018 |title=Christina Hammer dominates Tori Nelson |url=https://www.boxen1.com/christina-hammer-dominiert-tori-nelson-29617/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=BOXENPlus}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=26 September 2018 |title=Claressa Shields, Christina Hammer set to square off Nov. 17 in Atlantic City |url=http://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/24797064/claressa-shields-christina-hammer-set-square-nov-17-atlantic-city |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Rob |date=22 June 2018 |title=Hammer dominates Nelson |url=https://fightnews.com/hammer-dominates-nelson/24078 |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=Fight News |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330093952/https://fightnews.com/hammer-dominates-nelson/24078 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nasarar da Hammer ta yi wa Nelson ya sa ta zama gwarzon Jamus na farko da ya samu nasarar kare kambun duniya a Amurka tun lokacin da Max Schmeling ya yi nasarar kare kambunsa na nauyi a kan Young Stribling a filin wasa na Municipal, [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]], a 1931. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Armen Graham |first=Bryan |date=27 February 2019 |title=Fiery Claressa Shields prods cool Christina Hammer before blockbuster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/feb/27/shields-hammer-undisputed-womens-boxing-unification-fight |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lik |first=Vladimir |date=3 July 2018 |title=Christina Hammer First German to Defend World Title in U.S. Since Max Schmeling |url=https://www.ringtv.com/538692-christina-hammer-first-german-to-defend-world-title-in-u-s-since-max-schmeling/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> A kididdiga magana, bisa ga ''The Ring'', Hammer ya fi kyau: Matsakaicin 46.6 punches a kowane zagaye, yayin da yake iyakance Nelson zuwa 31.8, ta yi nasara 103-56 gaba ɗaya, 44-18 jabs da 59-38 iko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Groves |first=Lee |date=28 June 2018 |title=The Travelin' Man Returns to Detroit: Part Two |url=https://www.ringtv.com/538396-the-travelin-man-returns-to-detroit-part-two/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> Ƙididdiga masu daidaito sun kasance ƙananan (22% gaba ɗaya, 19% jabs, 26% iko) amma ƙwarewar tsaronta ta iyakance Nelson zuwa kawai 18% gabaɗaya, 16% jabs da 19% iko. Hakanan tare da yaƙin da ke hannun riga, Hammer ya yi ƙasa daga naushi 53 a zagaye tara zuwa 36 a cikin 10th. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=23 June 2018 |title=Claressa Shields recovers to beat Hanna Gabriels, confronts Christina Hammer |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/23880118/claressa-shields-recovers-first-round-knockdown-defeats-hanna-gabriels |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> A cikin hirar bayan yakin, Hammer ya yi magana game da ƙoƙarin samun bugun bugun, ko da yake ya yaba wa taurin Nelson, ko da yake ta ci gaba da cewa: "Ina fatan gaske don yin yaƙi [Garkuwa]. Za ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi yaƙi da ni a ciki amma ƙafata da isar da ni za su haifar da bambanci [...] Zai kasance mafi girman yakin mata har abada. Ina so in yi yaƙi da ita a wani wuri mai tsaka tsaki. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2018 |title=Hammer Wants Shields In "Biggest Women's Fight Ever" |url=http://www.fightsports.tv/hammer-fight-with-shields-is-biggest-womens-fight-ever/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=Fight Sports}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2018, Dan Rafael na ''ESPN'' ya bayyana cewa Hammer da Garkuwa, duka suna cin nasara, za su yi yaƙi don kambun matsakaicin nauyi mara nauyi a wannan faɗuwar akan Showtime. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=24 April 2018 |title=Claressa Shields, Hanna Gabriels to meet for vacant middleweight belts |url=http://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/23302728/super-middleweight-titlist-claressa-shields-drop-middleweight-division-face-unified-junior-middleweight-world-titleholder-hanna-gabriels-june-22 |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> === Zakaran matsakaicin nauyi mara gardama === ==== Guduma vs Garkuwa ==== Daga Maris 2017 har zuwa ƙarshen Agusta 2018, duka sansanonin Hammer da Garkuwa sun kasance cikin tattaunawa mai zurfi game da babban yaƙin da za a yi a ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erdman |first=Corey |date=2 March 2017 |title=Claressa Shields vs. Christina Hammer Talks Have Begun |url=https://www.boxingscene.com/claressa-shields-vs-christina-hammer-talks-begun--114161 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Boxing Scene}}</ref> A kan 25 Satumba 2018, ''The Ring'' ya sanar da cewa Hammer da Garkuwa za su yi yaƙi don gasar zakarun matsakaicin nauyi a Adrian Phillips Theater a Boardwalk Hall a Atlantic City, New Jersey, a ranar 17 Nuwamba, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coppinger |first=Mike |date=25 September 2018 |title=Claressa Shields-Christina Hammer Unification Title Fight Set for Nov. 17 on Showtime |url=https://www.ringtv.com/544174-claressa-shields-christina-hammer-unification-title-fight-set-for-nov-17-on-showtime/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> tare da mai nasara ya zama mace ta biyu na shekarun belt hudu don rike duk lakabi a cikin rukuni ɗaya. <ref name="Undisputed"/> Daga cikin sanarwar, Hammer ya ce: "Ni ne mafi kyawun matsakaicin nauyi a duniya kuma zan bayyana wannan batu sosai lokacin da muka shiga cikin zobe. Ya kasance mafarki na don yin yaki a cikin yakin mata mafi girma a kowane lokaci kuma in tayar da damben mata zuwa wani lokaci mai girma. Zan yi ''kambin'' Sarauniyar matsakaicin nauyi maras tabbas [ <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2018 |title=Claressa Shields, Christina Hammer to meet in massive women's boxing title fight |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/claressa-shields-christina-hammer-meet-011937795.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[Yahoo Sports]]}}</ref> don jinkirta yakinta da Garkuwan don gasar da ba a taba yi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=2 October 2018 |title=Christina Hammer postpones title fight vs. Claressa Shields |url=http://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/24864480/christina-hammer-postpones-fight-vs-claressa-shields-cites-medical-condition |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba WBC ta bayyana cewa Hammer ta sha fama da ciwon narkewar abinci, wanda hakan ya sa ta rashin dacewa a likitance ta yin dambe don nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2018 |title=Closing of WBC 56th convention |url=https://wbcboxing.com/en/clausura-de-la-convencion-56-del-wbc/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Council]]}}</ref> WBC mai suna Hammer zakara a lokacin hutu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2018 |title=Fasten Your Belt! WBC fight fiesta finale in November |url=https://wbcboxing.com/en/fasten-your-belt-wbc-fight-fiesta-finale-in-november/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Council]]}}</ref> yayin da Garkuwa za su yi yaƙi don neman kujerar a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba da Hannah Rankin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=Shields: Rankin Won't Stop My Path to Undisputed |url=https://www.matchroomboxing.com/news/shields-rankin-wont-stop-path-undisputed/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[Matchroom Sport]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Daldeep |date=15 November 2018 |title=Hannah Rankin ready to face Olympic champion Claressa Shields in Kansas |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/boxing/46213367 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[BBC]]}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Janairu 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Hammer zai yi yaƙi da Elene Sikmashvili a Dandalin Waƙoƙin Verti a Friedrichshain a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, kamar yadda Hammer ke son yin dambe a Jamus kafin yaƙar Garkuwan wani lokaci a cikin 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2019 |title=Christina Hammer boxing for the World Cup fight warm |url=https://sportfrauen.net/default/christina-hammer-boxt-sich-fur-den-wm-kampf-warm |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=Sportfrauen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2019 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Elene Sikmashvili boxing in Berlin 9 February 2019 |url=http://news-dg.de/christina-hammer-vs-elene-sikmashvili-boxen-in-berlin-9-februar-2019/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=News DG}}</ref> Yaƙin zagaye na takwas ya yanke shawarar buga wasan fasaha a zagaye na biyu bayan daƙiƙa talatin da biyar, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2019 |title=Christina "Lady" Hammer wins against rival Elene Sikmashvili - Title defense against Claressa Shields follows in 2019 |url=https://ugj.biz/christina-lady-hammer-gewinnt-gegen-rivalin-elene-sikmashvili-titelverteidigung-gegen-claressa-shields-folgt-2019/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=Unternehmensgruppe Jäger}}</ref> tare da Hammer ya dakatar da Sikmashvili. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2019 |title=As Expected, Christina Hammer Makes Quick Work of Elene Sikmashvili |url=http://www.womenofboxing.com/as-expected-christina-hammer-makes-quick-work-of-elene-sikmashvili/ |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=Women of Boxing}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2019, an ba da sanarwar cewa Hammer da Garkuwa za su hadu don gasar zakarun da ba a saba da su ba a ranar 13 ga Afrilu a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Adrian Phillips da ke Boardwalk Hall a Atlantic City, New Jersey, tare da taken mata na matsakaicin nauyi ''na Ring'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=13 February 2019 |title=Claressa Shields-Christina Hammer back on, to fight April 13 in Atlantic City |url=http://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/25982545/claressa-shields-christina-hammer-fight-back-held-april-13-atlantic-city |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salazar |first=Francisco |date=13 February 2019 |title=Claressa Shields vs. Christina Hammer Showdown Will Finally Happen on April 13 |url=https://www.ringtv.com/554437-claressa-shields-vs-christina-hammer-showdown-will-finally-happen-on-april-13/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[The Ring (magazine)|The Ring]]}}</ref> Bayan sanarwar, Hammer ta bayyana cewa ta kashe yawancin sansaninta a Seefeld a Tyrol, Ostiriya, don shiga cikin horo mai tsayi a shirye-shiryen Garkuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2019 |title=Christina Hammer vs. Claressa Shields in Another Boxing 1st on Showtime |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/02/26/arts/ap-box-shields-hammer.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> An gudanar da taron manema labarai na hukuma a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, tare da Hammer yana yin la'akari da babban hadarin da zai zo daga Jamus zuwa Amurka, yayin da yake cewa: "[...] Na yi imanin cewa mafi kyawun ya kamata ya yi yaki mafi kyau kuma na yi abin da ya kamata don haka ya faru. Wannan yakin na iya zama mai canza wasa don wasanmu. " <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christ |first=Scott |date=26 February 2019 |title=Shields vs Hammer: Press conference quotes |url=https://www.badlefthook.com/2019/2/26/18242185/shields-vs-hammer-press-conference-quotes |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Bad Left Hook}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2019, Hammer ta yi asarar kambun WBC da WBO ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba ɗaya a ƙoƙarinta na zama zakaran matsakaicin nauyi na mata da ba a gardama. Dukkan alkalai ukun ne suka yi nasara da ci 98–92 don goyon bayan Garkuwan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claressa Shields dominates Christina Hammer to become undisputed women's middleweight champion |url=https://www.cbssports.com/boxing/news/claressa-shields-dominates-christina-hammer-to-become-undisputed-womens-middleweight-champion/amp/ |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=www.cbssports.com |language=en}}</ref> Hammer ya zauna a [[Dortmund|Dortmund, Jamus]], tun 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schröer |first=Patrick |date=5 March 2014 |title=World Champion Hammer: climbs back into the ring |url=https://www.ruhrnachrichten.de/sport/dortmund/weltmeisterin-hammer-steigt-wieder-in-den-ring-86168.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[Ruhr Nachrichten]]}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2012, Hammer ta sami takardar shedar samun nasarar Abitur, wanda ya ba ta damar yin karatun kimiyyar wasanni a Jami'ar Gudanar da Aiwatarwa da ke Unna . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baum |first=Clive |date=25 July 2012 |title=Paul Williams, Christina Hammer, Amir Mansour... |url=http://www.worldboxingfederation.net/articles/article0225.htm |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[World Boxing Federation]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2015 |title=Christina Hammer - the youngest German boxing champion |url=http://daz.asia/blog/christina-hammer-die-juengste-deutsche-boxweltmeisterin/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Daz}}</ref> A yayin da take karatun zango na shida a Jami'ar Hagen, a shekarar 2016, ta bayyana cewa tana matukar kokari wajen kammala karatunta yayin wasan dambe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schröer |first=Patrick |date=9 November 2016 |title=Hammer is making his way to America |url=https://www.ruhrnachrichten.de/sport/dortmund/hammer-bahnt-sich-den-weg-nach-amerika-82905.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[Ruhr Nachrichten]]}}</ref> Ita jakadiyar alama ce ta layin rigar Anita, wanda a wasu lokuta tana ƙididdigewa, <ref name="maxim">{{Cite web |last=Struby |first=Tim |date=21 September 2017 |title=Meet Christina Hammer, The World Champion Boxer Who's Also a Lingerie Model |url=https://www.maxim.com/sports/christina-hammer-2017-8 |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2015 |title=New testimonial for Anita active - Christina Hammer |url=https://www.anita.com/ch/unternehmen/news-events/news/christina-hammer.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Derwesten.de}}</ref> yayin da kuma kasancewa wani ɓangare na Movement130, wanda ke ƙarfafa mata na kowane nau'i, girma, da salon rayuwa don rungumi nasu kyan gani na musamman. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruth Weber |first=Carol |date=5 February 2018 |title=Christina Hammer Shines as World Champion Boxer and Lingerie Model |url=https://medium.com/@carolruthweber/christina-hammer-shines-as-world-champion-boxer-and-lingerie-model-6a7ac9c6df78 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]}}</ref> A cikin 2017 Christina Hammer da SOFTSWISS sun ƙaddamar da sabis na iGaming tare da haɗin gwiwar WBC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2017 |title=Сhristina hammer and Softswiss launch iGaming service in partnership with WBC |url=https://5star.media/2017/11/24/christina-hammer-softswiss-launch-online-casino-partnership-wbc/ |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=5star.media |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524200523/https://5star.media/2017/11/24/christina-hammer-softswiss-launch-online-casino-partnership-wbc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2020 |title=Fightclubcasino is rebrending of ladyhammercasino |url=https://ratemycasino.ca/reviews/fightclubcasino/ |access-date=24 May 2023 |website=Ratemycasino }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hammer shi ne majiɓincin Vive Žene, wurin da 'yan gudun hijirar, 'yan mata masu barazana, da kuma matasa mata a Ossenbrink a Herdecke, tare da Ofishin Daidaitawar Dortmund yana nuna cewa "'yar damben mace tana da hakkin ya bayyana iko da iko." [ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Semme |first=Elisabeth |date=4 April 2016 |title=Refuge for traumatized women in Herdecke |url=https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/nachrichten-aus-wetter-und-herdecke/zuflucht-fuer-traumatisierte-frauen-in-herdecke-id11701239.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042719/https://www.derwesten.de/staedte/nachrichten-aus-wetter-und-herdecke/zuflucht-fuer-traumatisierte-frauen-in-herdecke-id11701239.html |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Derwesten.de}}</ref> Yayin da ta zama 'yar dambe ta farko da ta mallaki gidan caca ta kan layi, ta ba da gudummawar kashi 5% na kuɗin shiga gidan caca ta kan layi ga Kulawar Dambe ta Duniya da kuma Asusun Taimakawa Jose Sulaiman don 'yan damben boksin, wanda ta zama jakadan WBC, <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2018 |title=Exclusive Interview with Christina Hammer, Lady Hammer Casino' Ambassador |url=https://canadianbitcoincasinos.com/exclusive-interview-with-christina-hammer-lady-hammer-casino/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=Bitcoin Casino Canada }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> inda ta ce: "My Casino za ta yi amfani da shahararsa kuma a matsayin dandamali don ayyuka masu kyau. Ina sha'awar aikin WBC na musamman ga 'ya'yan su don kula da duniya. dawo." <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=Christina Hammer using casino platform for global good |url=https://www.worldboxingnews.com/christina-hammer-using-casino-platform-for-global-good/ |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=World Boxing News}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} !Result !Record !Opponent !Type !Round, time !Date !Location !Notes |- |30 |{{yes2}}Win |28–1 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RUS}} Luiza Davydova |UD |8 |7 May 2022 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|{{flagicon|GER}} Sartory Sale Koln, [[Cologne]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |29 |{{yes2}}Win |27–1 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|BRA}} Daniele Bastieri |TKO |1 (8) |3 Dec 2021 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|{{flagicon|GER}} Harzlandhalle, [[Ilsenburg]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" | |- |28 |{{yes2}}Win |26–1 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|FIN}} Sanna Turunen |KO |7 (10), {{Small|0:40}} |20 Dec 2020 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|{{flagicon|GER}} Motorworld, [[Cologne]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[Women's International Boxing Federation|WIBF]] super-middleweight title}} |- |27 |{{yes2}}Win |25–1 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|KEN}} Florence Muthoni |UD |8 |8 Feb 2020 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|{{flagicon|GER}} [[EWS Arena]], [[Göppingen]], Germany}} | |- |26 |{{no2}}Loss |24–1 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Claressa Shields]] |UD |10 |13 Apr 2019 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Boardwalk Hall]], [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]], US}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Lost WBO female middleweight title;<br>For [[List of WBA female world champions#Middleweight|WBA]], WBC, [[List of IBF female world champions#Middleweight|IBF]], and inaugural [[list of The Ring female world champions#Middleweight|''The Ring'' female middleweight titles]]}} |- |25 |{{yes2}}Win |24–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GEO}} Elene Sikmashvili |TKO |2 (8), {{Small|0:35}} |9 Feb 2019 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Verti Music Hall, [[Friedrichshain]], Germany}} | |- |24 |{{yes2}}Win |23–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Tori Nelson]] |UD |10 |22 Jun 2018 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} {{Small|[[Detroit Masonic Temple]], [[Detroit, Michigan]], US}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBC and WBO female middleweight titles}} |- |23 |{{yes2}}Win |22–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GHA}} Gifty Amanua Ankrah |KO |4 (10), {{Small|1:59}} |4 Nov 2017 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|SportScheck Allwetteranlage, Munich, Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBC and WBO female middleweight titles}} |- |22 |{{yes2}}Win |21–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Maria Lindberg]] |UD |10 |1 Apr 2017 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Westfalenhallen]], [[Dortmund]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBC and WBO female middleweight titles}} |- |21 |{{yes2}}Win |20–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Kali Reis]] |UD |10 |5 Nov 2016 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Ballhaus Forum, Munich, Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO female middleweight title;<br>Won [[List of WBC female world champions#Middleweight|WBC female middleweight title]]}} |- |20 |{{yes2}}Win |19–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|HUN}} Melinda Lazar |TKO |6 (8), {{Small|1:25}} |15 Jul 2016 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Ballhaus Forum, [[Munich]], Germany}} | |- |19 |{{yes2}}Win |18–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Kali Reis]] |UD |10 |2 May 2015 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Sparkassen-Arena]], [[Jena]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO female middleweight title}} |- |18 | style="background:#DDD" |{{Abbr|NC|No contest}} |17–0 {{Small|(1)}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Anne Sophie Mathis]] |NC |5 (10), {{Small|0:25}} |26 Jul 2014 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Anhalt Arena, Dessau, Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|For WBF and vacant [[list of WBO female world champions#Junior middleweight|WBO female light-middleweight titles]];<br>Originally DQ win for Hammer due to rabbit punches; later ruled a NC}} |- |17 |{{yes2}}Win |17–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Jessica Balogun]] |UD |10 |1 Mar 2014 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Bordelandhalle, Magdeburg, Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO and WBF female middleweight titles}} |- |16 |{{yes2}}Win |16–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|MEX}} Carmen Garcia Toscano |TKO |1 (10), {{Small|1:42}} |6 Dec 2013 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Brandenburg Halle, Frankfurt, Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO and WBF female middleweight titles}} |- |15 |{{yes2}}Win |15–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Mikaela Laurén]] |UD |10 |13 Jul 2013 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[EnergieVerbund Arena]], [[Dresden]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO and WBF female middleweight titles}} |- |14 |{{yes2}}Win |14–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|HUN}} Zita Zatyko |UD |10 |4 May 2013 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[SAP Arena]], [[Mannheim]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won WBF and vacant [[list of WBO female world champions#Super middleweight|WBO female super-middleweight titles]]}} |- |13 |{{yes2}}Win |13–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|DOM}} Yahaira Hernandez |UD |10 |7 Sep 2012 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Innogy Sporthalle|RWE Rhein-Ruhr Sporthalle]], [[Mülheim]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO and WBF female middleweight titles}} |- |12 |{{yes2}}Win |12–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|RSA}} Julie Tshabalala |UD |10 |5 Apr 2012 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|CZE}} {{Small|[[Sportovní hala Vodova]], [[Brno]], Czech Republic}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO and WBF female middleweight titles}} |- |11 |{{yes2}}Win |11–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|USA}} Vashon Living |UD |10 |21 Oct 2011 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Brandenburg Halle, [[Frankfurt]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO and WBF female middleweight titles}} |- |10 |{{yes2}}Win |10–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SWE}} [[Maria Lindberg]] |UD |10 |27 May 2011 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|CZE}} {{Small|[[Zlatopramen Arena]], [[Ústí nad Labem]], Czech Republic}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBO and WBF female middleweight titles}} |- |9 |{{yes2}}Win |9–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|HUN}} Diana Kiss |{{Abbr|RTD|Corner retirement}} |7 (10), {{Small|2:00}} |18 Feb 2011 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SLO}} {{Small|Stožice Sports Park, Ljubljana, Slovenia}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant WBF female middleweight title}} |- |8 |{{yes2}}Win |8–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|BER}} [[Teresa Perozzi]] |UD |10 |23 Oct 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Sachsen Arena|Erdgas Arena]], [[Riesa]], Germany}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[list of WBO female world champions#Middleweight|WBO female middleweight title]]}} |- |7 |{{yes2}}Win |7–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|ROM}} Mihaela Dragan |TKO |2 (6) |4 Sep 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SLO}} {{Small|[[Stožice Sports Park]], Ljubljana, Slovenia}} | |- |6 |{{yes2}}Win |6–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Marie Riederer |{{Abbr|KO|Knockout}} |5 (6), {{Small|1:23}} |4 Jun 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Landesgartenschau, [[Aschersleben]], Germany}} | |- |5 |{{yes2}}Win |5–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Patricia Braesick |TKO |2 (6), {{Small|1:01}} |17 Apr 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[GETEC Arena|Bordelandhalle]], Magdeburg, Germany}} | |- |4 |{{yes2}}Win |4–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SER}} Daniela Bickei |TKO |4 (6) |9 Apr 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SLO}} {{Small|[[Tivoli Hall]], [[Ljubljana]], Slovenia}} | |- |3 |{{yes2}}Win |3–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|SER}} Marija Pejakovic |TKO |4 (4) |15 Nov 2009 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|EKZ Arena, [[Niederschöneweide|Schöneweide]], Germany}} | |- |2 |{{yes2}}Win |2–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|CZ}} Sarka Stoklaskova |{{Abbr|UD|Unanimous decision}} |4 |24 Oct 2009 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|[[Anhalt Arena]], [[Dessau]], Germany}} | |- |1 |{{yes2}}Win |1–0 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} Melisa Koktar |{{Abbr|TKO|Technical knockout}} |2 (4) |12 Sep 2009 | style="text-align:left;" |{{Flagicon|GER}} {{Small|Gewerbehof Schlutius, [[Magdeburg]], Germany}} | |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jwcv5tdkeggy3081ccvlrfibudd1wny 0 94527 839566 712915 2026-05-24T04:38:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Honor Moore''' (an Haife ta Oktoba 28, 1945) marubuciya Ba'amurkiya ta [[Waƙa|wakoki]], ƙirƙira ƙirƙira da wasan kwaikwayo. A halin yanzu  tana koyarwa a Sabuwar Makaranta a cikin shirin MFA don ƙirƙira ƙiren ƙarya, inda ta kasance farfesa na koyarwa na ɗan lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honor Moore &#124; the New School |url=https://www.newschool.edu/writing/faculty/honor-moore/ |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=newschool.edu |archive-date=13 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313033628/https://www.newschool.edu/writing/faculty/honor-moore/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''<nowiki/>'Yar Bishop'', abin tunawa game da dangantakarta da mahaifinta, Bishop Paul Moore, an nada shi Zabin Edita ta ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', Littafin da aka fi so na 2008 ta ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', kuma Ƙungiyar Littattafan Littattafai ta Kasa ta zaba a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Kyakkyawan Karatu" da aka ba da shawarar karatun da jerin sunayen da aka ba da shawarar da kuma a matsayin mai nasara ga 2008 na kasa da kasa da kuma Award Autoography for Critics and Laward Adabin Bisexual . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2008 NBCC Finalists Announced |url=http://bookcritics.org/news/archive/2008_nbcc_finalists_announced/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601155745/http://bookcritics.org/news/archive/2008_nbcc_finalists_announced/ |archive-date=2009-06-01 |access-date=2009-03-13}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Honor Moore a cikin 1945 zuwa Jenny Moore da na Bishop Paul Moore . Ta halarci Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta David Geffen a Jami'ar Yale tsakanin 1967 da 1979. == Sana'a == Moore ya kasance mawaƙi a wurin zama a Jami'ar Wesleyan da Jami'ar Richmond, farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Koyar da Fasaha ta Columbia, kuma shi ne Mawallafin Mawallafi na Ziyara a cikin Shirin Rubutun Ƙirar Ƙira a Jami'ar Iowa . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.honormoore.com/ |access-date=13 March 2023}}</ref> Ita ce marubucin tarin wakoki guda uku: ''Red Shoes'', ''Darling'', da ''Memoir'' ; ayyuka guda biyu na ƙididdiga, ''The White Blackbird'' da ''The Bishop's Daughter'' ; da kuma wasan kwaikwayo ''na Hotunan Makoki'', wanda aka yi a Broadway kuma aka buga a ''Sabon Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mata: Wasan kwaikwayo goma na matan Amurka na zamani'', wanda ta gyara. Moore ya karɓi lambobin yabo a fannin waƙa da rubuta wasan kwaikwayo daga Hukumar Tallafa wa Maƙeran Zane ta Ƙasa (National Endowment for the Arts), Majalisar Zane ta Jihar New York, da Hukumar Zane ta Connecticut. A shekara ta 2004, an ba shi tallafin Guggenheim.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Fellows - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/all?index=m&page=22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603234439/http://www.gf.org/fellows/all?index=m&page=22 |archive-date=2011-06-03 |access-date=2009-03-13}}</ref> A cikin 2012, Moore ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren Farfesa na Ziyara na Bedell <ref>{{Cite web |title=HONOR MOORE &#124; Prairie Lights &#124; Iowa City Bookstore |url=https://www.prairielights.com/honor-moore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215204247/https://www.prairielights.com/honor-moore |archive-date=December 15, 2019 |access-date=Jan 30, 2020 |website=www.prairielights.com}}</ref> a Shirin Rubutun Ƙirar Ƙira na Jami'ar Iowa . Ita ce editan ''Amy Lowell: Zaɓaɓɓen Waƙoƙi don Laburare na Amurka'' da kuma editan Haɗin Kan ''Kare Cabaret, Littafin Waƙoƙin Rasha'', wanda Paul Schmidt ya fassara. Tana koyarwa a cikin shirye-shiryen rubuce-rubucen karatun digiri a Sabuwar Makaranta da Makarantar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Columbia . Daga 2005 zuwa 2007, ta kasance mai sukar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway don ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'' . Ta kasance a kan kwamitin edita na mujallar wallafe-wallafen ''The Common'', wanda ke zaune a Kwalejin Amherst, kuma ya buga aiki a cikin fitowar farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About - The Common |url=http://www.thecommononline.org/about |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=Thecommononline.org}}</ref> [[Fayil:Our_Revolution_by_Honor_Moore.jpg|thumb| ''Juyin mu'' na Honor Moore]] ''<nowiki/>'Yar Bishop'', abin tunawa game da dangantakarta da mahaifinta, Bishop Paul Moore, an nada shi Zabin Edita ta ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', Littafin da aka fi so na 2008 ta ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', kuma Ƙungiyar Littattafan Littattafai ta Kasa ta zaba a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Kyakkyawan Karatu" da aka ba da shawarar karatun da jerin sunayen da aka ba da shawarar da kuma a matsayin mai nasara ga 2008 na kasa da kasa da kuma Award Autoography for Critics and Laward Adabin Bisexual . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2008 NBCC Finalists Announced |url=http://bookcritics.org/news/archive/2008_nbcc_finalists_announced/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601155745/http://bookcritics.org/news/archive/2008_nbcc_finalists_announced/ |archive-date=2009-06-01 |access-date=2009-03-13}}</ref> A cikin Afrilu 2009, Laburare na Amurka ya buga ''Waƙoƙi daga Ƙungiyar Mata'', tarihin tarihin da Honor Moore ya gyara. An sake buga wani batu na ''White Blackbird'', tare da sakin takarda na ''<nowiki/>'yar Bishop'' . == Littafi Mai Tsarki == * ''Juyin Juyin Mu: Uwa da 'ya a tsakiyar karni (2019) '' * ''<nowiki/>'Yar Bishop: A Memoir'' (2008) * ''Jajayen Takalmi - Wakoki'' (2005) * ''Darling'' (2001) * ''White Blackbird: Rayuwar Mai Zane Margarett Sargent ta Jikanta'' (1996) * ''Littafin'' (1988) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.honormoore.com/ Yanar Gizo na hukuma] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725194019/http://honormoore.com/site/Default.aspx HonorMoore.com] (shafin yanar gizon hukuma) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130218181649/http://bostonreview.net/BR34.2/moore.php Bayan Ariel: Bikin shayari na ƙungiyar mata] ta Honor Moore a cikin ''Binciken Boston'' * [http://poemsoutloud.net/columns/archive/memoir_and_poetry/ Memoir and Poetry] by Honor Moore on [https://web.archive.org/web/20090405173256/http://poemsoutloud.net/ the Poems Out Loud] * Audio: [http://poemsoutloud.net/audio/archive/honor_moore_reads_disparu/ Honor Moore ya karanta "Disparu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410082737/http://poemsoutloud.net/audio/archive/honor_moore_reads_disparu/ |date=2019-04-10 }} daga littafin ''Red Shoes'' * Honor Moore ya karanta waƙar ta a Waƙar Rage Karatun da aka samar a cikin 1974 ta Westbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective . * Dubi kuma bitar gidan wasan kwaikwayon ta "Theater Ba Zai taɓa zama iri ɗaya ba" wanda aka buga a 1977 yana tattaunawa game da wasan kwaikwayo na mata, [http://www.honormoore.com/archives/2010/11/16/theatre-will-never-be-the-same.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207151421/http://www.honormoore.com/archives/2010/11/16/theatre-will-never-be-the-same.html |date=2016-12-07 }} Archived * [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:RAD.SCHL:sch01179 Takardun Honor Moore.] [http://radcliffe.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library Makarantar Schlesinger], Cibiyar Radcliffe, Jami'ar Harvard. * [http://bombmagazine.org/article/3172/honor-moore-victoria-redel Tattaunawar ''Mujallar Bom'' ta 2008 tsakanin Honor Moore & Victoria Redel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611125428/http://bombmagazine.org/article/3172/honor-moore-victoria-redel |date=2015-06-11 }} Archived [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5duei3ofwk13c127hsdnken8k0vfcdk 0 94904 839544 596849 2026-05-24T01:35:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cynthia D. Belar''' masaniyar kimiyya ce da aka sani da gudummawarta ga ilimin halayyar asibiti tare da takamaiman mayar da hankali kan ilimin halayya, sabis na asibiti, da ilimi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cynthia D. Belar {{!}} Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative |url=https://www.pcpcc.org/profile/cynthia-d-belar |access-date=2019-10-07 |website=www.pcpcc.org |archive-date=2019-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007002702/https://www.pcpcc.org/profile/cynthia-d-belar |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita Farfesa ce Emerita a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Jami'ar Florida . Daga cikin kyaututtuka masu yawa, Belar ta sami lambar yabo ta Paul Nelson ta 2008 Outstanding Contributions to Education and Training Award saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga ilimin halayyar dan adam a matakin kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Nelson Award |url=https://www.cctcpsychology.org/paul-nelson-award/ |access-date=2019-12-03 |website=Council of Chairs of Training Councils (CCTC) |language=en-US}}</ref> Belar ta sami gudummawar sabis na sana'a na 2007 ga ilimin halayyar lafiya, kuma ita ce mai karɓar gudummawa na 2000 ga ilimin halayen lafiya na asibiti daga Ƙungiyar Masana ilimin halayya a Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=publisher |date=2017-10-25 |title=Cynthia D. Belar Award for Outstanding Contributions to Education & Training in Health Psychology |url=https://div38healthpsychologist.com/2017/10/25/cynthia-d-belar-award-for-outstanding-contributions-to-education-training-in-health-psychology-2/ |access-date=2019-12-03 |website=The Health Psychologist |language=en |archive-date=2020-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630222634/https://div38healthpsychologist.com/2017/10/25/cynthia-d-belar-award-for-outstanding-contributions-to-education-training-in-health-psychology-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta Malami ta 1997 daga Ƙungiyar Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam a Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Ilimi, da kuma lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Kwararrun Kwararrun Jama'a ta 1996 don Gudanar da Ilimi da Horarwa a cikin Ilimin halayyar mutum.<ref name=":0"/> The Society for Health Psychology ta kafa lambar yabo don girmama ta a cikin 2014, "Cynthia D. Belar Award for Excellence in Health Psychology Education and Training Archives" wanda ita ce kuma mai karɓa na farko don gudummawar da ta bayar ga ilimi da shirye-shiryen horo a cikin ilimin halayyar lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cynthia D. Belar Award for Excellence in Health Psychology Education and Training Archives |url=https://societyforhealthpsychology.org/award_type/cynthia-d-belar-award-for-excellence-in-health-psychology-education-and-training/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203165001/https://societyforhealthpsychology.org/award_type/cynthia-d-belar-award-for-excellence-in-health-psychology-education-and-training/ |archive-date=2019-12-03 |access-date=2019-12-03 |website=Society for Health Psychology |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=https://societyforhealthpsychology.org/join/awards/ |access-date=2019-12-03 |website=Society for Health Psychology |language=en}}</ref> Belar ita ce marubuciyar ilimin kiwon lafiya na asibiti a cikin Yanayin Kiwon Lafiya: Littafin Jagora na masu aiki, wanda ta rubuta a 1995 tare da William W. Deardorff, don samar da bayyani game da fagen kiwon lafiya da batutuwan da mutane da yawa ke fuskanta. == Tarihin rayuwa == Belar ta sami digirinta na PhD daga Jami'ar Ohio a shekara ta 1974. Ta sami takardar shaidar kwamitin a cikin ilimin halayyar asibiti, da ilimin halayya na asibiti. Tsakanin 1974-1983 da 1990-2000, Belar ta kasance darakta na karatun digiri na asibiti da shirye-shiryen horarwa a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Lafiya ta Jami'ar Florida inda aka yaba mata da haɓaka shirye-shirye na ilimin halayyar asibiti a matakan digiri da bayan digiri. A cikin 1984-1990, Belar ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam, da kuma Daraktan Kula da Halin Halin Halitta a Shirin Kula da Lafiya na Kaiser kuma ya kafa shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da yawa. A cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Amirka, Belar ɗan'uwa ne na Ƙungiyar 12 da Ƙungiyar 38. Har ila yau, memba ne na Division 35. Belar ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen APA na ilimin halayyar lafiya da kuma Hukumar Amurka ta ilimin halayya ta asibiti. Ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 14 a matsayin babban darakta na Daraktan Ilimi na Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amurka kuma ta yi ritaya daga wannan matsayi a shekarar 2014. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cynthia D. Belar {{!}} Patient-Centered Primary Care Collaborative |url=https://www.pcpcc.org/profile/cynthia-d-belar |access-date=2019-10-07 |website=www.pcpcc.org |archive-date=2019-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007002702/https://www.pcpcc.org/profile/cynthia-d-belar |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga cikin nasarorin da ta samu, an yaba wa Belar don kafa shirin Ilimin Ilimin Ilimi na Graduate, sauƙaƙe ci gaban jagororin don koyar da ilimin halayyar makarantar sakandare, da ci gaban ka'idojin ilimin halayya na digiri.<ref name=":1" /> Belar ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in zartarwa na wucin gadi na American Psychological Association tsakanin 2016 da 2017 bayan Shugaba na baya, Norman B. Anderson ya yi ritaya. A cikin 2016 Belar ya zama memba na Majalisar Wakilai wanda ke wakiltar Kwamitin Daraktocin APA . <ref name=":2" /> == Bincike == Ayyukan Belar suna cikin fagen sabis na asibiti, ilimi, da horo. Binciken da take so ya haɗa da fannoni na cututtukan mutum, ilimin halayyar mutum, da ilimin halayya. Ta yi imanin cewa ilimin digiri na ilimin halayyar dan adam ya haɗa da horo kan yadda za a gudanar da bincike na kimiyya, aikin asibiti, da haɗin bincike da aiki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belar |first=Cynthia D. |date=2000 |title=Scientist-practitioner ≠ science + practice: Boulder is bolder. |journal=American Psychologist |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=249–250 |doi=10.1037/0003-066x.55.2.248 |issn=1935-990X |pmid=10717974}}</ref> Belar ta shiga cikin rubuce-rubucen sanarwa ta APA don mayar da martani ga "Ka'idodin hadin gwiwa: Haɗakar da kula da lafiyar halayyar a cikin gidan kiwon lafiya mai haƙuri" wanda ya raba damuwa game da rashin ambaton kula da lafiyar hali a cikin labarin ƙa'idodin hadirwar 2007.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=Norman B. |last2=Belar |first2=Cynthia D. |last3=Cubic |first3=Barbara A. |last4=Garrison |first4=Ellen G. |last5=Johnson |first5=Suzanne Bennett |last6=Kaslow |first6=Nadine J. |date=2014 |title=Statement of the American Psychological Association in response to the "Joint principles: Integrating behavioral health care into the patient-centered medical home". |journal=Families, Systems, & Health |language=en |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=141–142 |doi=10.1037/fsh0000051 |issn=1939-0602 |pmid=24955684 |s2cid=43570301}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin labarin da aka fi ambaton Belar shine "Binciken Kai a cikin ilimin halayyar lafiya na asibiti: Misali don fadada aikin halayyar mutum" wanda ke ba da shawarar tantance kai don gano idan kowane likitan yana shirye don yiwa marasa lafiya hidima yayin da ilimin halayya ya canza daga kasancewa sana'ar kiwon lafiya zuwa sana'ar lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PsycNET |url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-10095-001 |access-date=2019-12-03 |website=psycnet.apa.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belar |first=Cynthia D. |last2=Brown |first2=Robert A. |last3=Hersch |first3=Lee E. |last4=Hornyak |first4=Lynne M. |last5=Rozensky |first5=Ronald H. |last6=Sheridan |first6=Edward P. |last7=Brown |first7=Ronald T. |last8=Reed |first8=Geoffrey W. |date=2003 |title=Self-Assessment in Clinical Health Psychology: A Model for Ethical Expansion of Practice. |journal=Prevention & Treatment |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1037/1522-3736.6.1.625a |issn=1522-3736}}</ref> == Littattafan wakilci == * Belar, C. D., & Perry, N. W. (1992). Taron Kasa kan Ilimi da Horarwa na Masanin Kimiyya na Masanin kimiyya don Kwarewar Kwarewar Psychology. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Amurka, ''47'' (1), 71. * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Sanarwar Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halitta ta Amirka don mayar da martani ga "Ka'idodin Haɗin gwiwa: Haɗakar da kula da lafiyar halayyar a cikin gidan likita mai haƙuri". Iyalai, Tsarin, & Lafiya, ''32'' (2), 141-142. * Biyan da suka gabata, za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. Binciken Kai a cikin ilimin halayyar lafiya na asibiti: Misali don fadada aiki na ɗabi'a. ''Rigakafi da Magani, 6'' (1). Mataki na 25a. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Masanin kimiyya-mai aiki≠ kimiyya + aiki: Boulder ya fi ƙarfin zuciya. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Amurka, ''55'' (2), 249. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] == Manazarta == nye5tusvudf30ianodrn1tkmq3idwlw 0 96625 839556 609206 2026-05-24T02:29:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Daisy Dorothea Solomon (1882-1978) an buga shi azaman wasiƙar ɗan adam a cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe na Biritaniya [1] ta amfani da quirk a cikin tsarin gidan waya don kusanci Firayim Minista wanda ba zai karɓi tawagar mata masu neman haƙƙin ƙuri'a ba. Sulemanu ya kasance sakataren ƙungiyoyin zaɓe kuma an ɗaure shi saboda zanga-zangar, [2] kuma ya tafi yajin cin abinci == Rayuwar farko da iyali == An haifi Daisy Dorothea Solomon a cikin 1882 [1] a Cape Town, Western Cape, Afirka ta Kudu, ɗayan yara shida, na Saul Solomon (1817-1892) da Georgiana Margaret Solomon (née Thomson 1844-1933). Mahaifin Sulemanu ya kasance mai mallakar jarida kuma ɗan siyasa mai sassaucin ra'ayi a Majalisar Dokokin Cape na farko [2] kuma mahaifiyarta ta kasance mai ilmantarwa da zaɓe. [3] Daisy Solomon ta girma a cikin gida tare da ra'ayoyin gyarawa, an san mahaifinta a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi saboda goyon bayansa ga gwamnatocin launin fata da yawa sabanin ra'ayin siyasa na yawancin masu mulki a lokacin. Mahaifinta ya kasance mai goyon bayan 'yancin mata, wanda aka sani don kare 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a cikin majalisa da kuma a cikin takardar Cape Argus da ya mallaka, [4] kuma yana da ainihin kwafin Mary Wollestonecraft 's Vindication of Rights of Women a cikin ɗakin karatu. [3] Mahaifiyar Sulemanu ta yi ƙaura daga Scotland zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1873 don koyarwa a sabuwar makarantar 'yan mata da aka kafa wadda ta zama Seminary Good Hope, kuma ta auri Saul Sulemanu, wanda ya girme ta, a ranar 27 ga Maris 1874; Abin baƙin ciki shine babbar 'yarsu da uwargidanta sun nutse a wani hatsari a 1881, kafin a haifi Daisy. Sulemanu yana da ɗan’uwa dattijo, shi ma Shawulu, wanda ya zama alƙali a Kotun Koli na Afirka ta Kudu ; 'yar'uwar Margaret; ɗan'uwan George da ɗan'uwan [[William E. Gladstone Solomon|William Ewart Gladstone Solomon]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Art UK {{!}} Discover Artworks Solomon, William E Gladstone (1880 -1965) |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:solomon-william-e-gladstone-18801965 |access-date=2020-11-10 |website=artuk.org |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223163924/https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:solomon-william-e-gladstone-18801965 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya bi mahaifiyarsu zuwa ilimi a matsayin shugaban makarantar Bombay School of Art, kuma ya tsara banner na WSPU. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=william ewart gladstone solomon |url=https://womanandhersphere.com/tag/william-ewart-gladstone-solomon/ |access-date=2020-11-10 |website=Woman and her Sphere |language=en}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Sulemanu, Georgiana ta yi yakin neman zabe a Afirka ta Kudu don Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mata, ta tashi ta zama wakilin kasa da kasa kuma daga baya mataimakin shugaban kasa na duniya, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nugent |first=Paul |date=November 2011 |title=The Temperance Movement and Wine Farmers at the Cape: Collective Action, Racial Discourse, and Legislative Reform, C. 1890–1965 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/temperance-movement-and-wine-farmers-at-the-cape-collective-action-racial-discourse-and-legislative-reform-c-18901965/7C34C804CB85D3F121C624E9F47FD661 |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=341–363 |doi=10.1017/S0021853711000508 |issn=1469-5138 |s2cid=154912952 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> kuma daga baya ya shiga gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya don samun damar mata a Birtaniya kuma ya dawo na ɗan gajeren lokaci (1902) don tallafawa yakin neman mata a Afirka ta Kudu. Iyalin Sulemanu sun koma Biritaniya a 1888 saboda rashin lafiyar mahaifin Saul; ya mutu a Scotland a 1892. Daisy Solomon ya zauna a Bedford, sannan Sidcup, kafin iyali su koma West Hampstead . == Harkar siyasa == Sulemanu da mahaifiyarta sun shiga Ƙungiyar Mata masu sassaucin ra'ayi amma sun yanke shawara a shekara ta 1908 cewa wannan ba ya samun ci gaba mai kyau a kan 'yancin mata na zabe, kuma sun shiga kungiyar masu gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya, Ƙungiyar Mata ta zamantakewa da siyasa . Sulemanu sun shiga cikin wasu abubuwan da suka faru a lokacin yakin neman zabe na WSPU; ta shirya zanga-zanga da tallata tallace-tallace don jawo hankalin 'yan siyasa da jama'a. [[Fayil:'Human_Letters',_23_Feb_1909._(22934656091).jpg|left|thumb| Daisy Solomon da Elspeth McLelland - haruffan ɗan adam a 10 Downing Street 23 Fabrairu 1909]] A ranar 23 ga Fabrairun 1909, Jessie Kenney ya ɗauki Daisy Solomon da Elspeth McClelland zuwa Ofishin Wasiƙa na Strand kuma ya biya pence uku don a aika su ga Firayim Minista a Lamba 10 Downing Street ranar da za a yi taron 'Majalisar Mata' a Caxton Hall . Wannan ya zama kanun labarai a jaridar ''Daily Mirror'', wanda aka sanar da wakilinsa. Solomon da McClelland sun sami farin ciki mai ban sha'awa game da shiga taron Caxton Hall. Bayan ganawar, wata tawaga ciki har da Solomon sun sake yin ƙoƙari don tuntuɓar Firayim Minista, yayin da yake cin abinci, kuma an kama mata ashirin da bakwai tare da shugaba Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence . Ga Sulemanu da sauransu kamar Constance Lytton, Caprina Fahey, Rose Lamartine Yates, da Sarah Carwin, wannan shine kama su na farko don gwagwarmaya. An haifar da hankalin kasa da kasa, tare da ''Los Angeles Herald'' da ke yin tsokaci game da 'matsayin zamantakewa' na Solomon da sauran masu zanga-zangar da kuma cewa "yana da wuya a yi la'akari da yadda buƙatun su na iya zama mai tsawo" da kuma bayyana cewa halin da ake ciki na wadannan kama da kuma dagewar wadanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'yancin mata na zabe ya zama 'abin kunya' ga gwamnatin Birtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 1909 |title=SUFFRAGETTES FORCE GOVERNMENT HAND |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=LAH19090225.2.45&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |access-date=2020-11-13 |website=cdnc.ucr.edu}}</ref> Constance Lytton ya ɗauko abin da Sulemanu ya rubuta game da ƙarancin kayan daki a gidan yari: ‘katifa mai kauri, da matashin kai ko da sirara’ kuma a cikin taƙaice ta bayyana farin cikin samun goga da tsefe a littafinta ''Fursunoni da Fursunoni: wasu abubuwan da suka faru na sirri'' . Sulemanu ya yi yajin cin abinci kuma an ba shi abinci da karfi . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Daisy Solomon |url=https://disa.ukzn.ac.za/sites/default/files/pdf_files/BSAug78.0036.4843.020.002.Aug1978.11.pdf}}</ref> Duk da wannan abin da ya faru, Sulemanu ya ce ta ɗauki ɗaurin kurkuku a matsayin 'baftisma don yin aiki don ɗaga mace'. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Purvis |first=June |date=1995-03-01 |title=The prison experiences of the suffragettes in Edwardian Britain |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09612029500200073 |journal=Women's History Review |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=111 |doi=10.1080/09612029500200073 |issn=0961-2025}}</ref> A cikin 1906, Sulemanu ya kasance sakatare na haɗin gwiwa na reshen WSPU Hampstead amma ya yi murabus a 1913. Binciken da Elizabeth Crawford, mai bincike na zabe, yayin kulle-kulle na 2019 COVID-19 ya gano cewa a , tutar ɗan'uwan Sulemanu William E. Gladstone Solomon wanda ke wakiltar sabon daidaiton siyasa na jima'i, tare da mace da namiji da kuma kalmar 'tsohon tsari ya canza, yana ba da sabon wuri' don North West London WPSU2, an buɗe reshe na Sulemanu. tsaye a cikin hoton ''Kilburn Times'' . An yi tattaki da babbar tuta a cikin ' ''Kurkuku zuwa 'Yan Kasa'' ' a ranar 17 ga Yuni 1910. <ref name=":5"/> ''Kuri'a ga Mata ,'' Jaridar WSPU ta ba da shawarar ranar wannan taron kafin ''<nowiki/>'Kada wata mata ta gida ta rasa damar yin tafiya a cikin babban tsari a karkashin Mr WE Gladstone Solomon's mafi kyawun banner'.'' <ref name=":5" /> A shekara ta 1915, Sulemanu ya shiga reshen Hampstead da Golders Green na United Suffragists, a matsayin sakatare na haɗin gwiwa kuma yana cikin sadarwa tare da wasu masu zaɓe irin su Charlotte Despard . [1] A cikin 1918, Sulemanu ya zama sakataren wallafe-wallafe na Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Mata ta Biritaniya, yana halartar taron kasa da kasa a Paris a 1923. [2] Sulemanu ya ci gaba da fafutukar neman tsawaita ‘yancin kada kuri’a ya zama daidai da maza, ciki har da a 1926 a matsayin sakataren girmamawa ga Kwamitin Yakin Neman Yakin Siyasa Daidaita. A cikin 1928, Sulemanu ya ɗauki matsayin sakataren kungiyar Commonwealth ta Burtaniya, kuma ya bayyana halin da ake ciki a Afirka ta Kudu tare da matansu suna yin ayyuka masu yawa na zamantakewa da jin daɗin rayuwa, amma ba tare da wani tsawaita aikin majalisar ba, kuma babu wata jam'iyyar siyasa da ta amince da zaɓe, ko da yake mata za su iya zaɓen kananan hukumomi; akwai kananan yara kansiloli mata da magajin gari mace daya, amma ta kuma bayyana ra'ayoyin kabilanci da ke kawo cikas ga ci gaba, kuma ya kamata masu ra'ayin Burtaniya su tausaya su marawa baya. [3] A cikin 1932, ta rubuta wa Phoebe Cusden game da shirye-shiryen da aka dakatar don wakilan da ke ba da lokaci a Geneva a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . [4] Solomon ya kasance a Biritaniya a cikin 1948, amma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu kuma yana can a cikin 1963, kuma ya mutu a can a 1978. <ref name=":3"/> == Gado == Sulemanu ya girma a cikin iyali da suka yi imani da ’yancin mata, kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga Laburaren Hidima na Mata (yanzu Laburaren Fawcett ) ciki har da ainihin kwafin Mary Wollestonecraft ta ''Vindication of the Rights of Women .'' An ba da gudummawar takardun Sulemanu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Item Details Page for Daisy Solomon Collection |url=https://nlsa.on.worldcat.org/oclc/1046458546 |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=nlsa.on.worldcat.org}}</ref> ga ɗakin karatu na Afirka ta Kudu a Cape Town, <ref name=":3"/> yanzu yana cikin Laburaren Ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-21 |title=About Us |url=https://www.nlsa.ac.za/?page_id=25 |access-date=2020-11-05 |website=NLSA |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918104819/https://www.nlsa.ac.za/?page_id=25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.postalmuseum.org/blog/human-letters/ Cikakkun bayanai da fom ɗin gidan waya da ake amfani da su don aika 'wasiƙun ɗan adam'] * Labarin jarida {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1882]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 1918]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ew42t8pd24knsf3mpvdupacugwvkr7f 0 96694 839487 637366 2026-05-23T20:32:46Z Meetexplorers 37545 /* Rayuwar farko */ error 839487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Leonie_de_Waha1.JPG|thumb| Léonie de Waha]] Léonie Marie Laurence de Chestret de Haneffe, wanda aka fi sani da Léonie de Waha, (1836-1926) yar ƙasar Beljiyam mai magana da Faransanci ce, mai ba da agaji, malami kuma mai fafutukar Walloon . An karrama ta ne saboda taimakon da take ba wa ‘yan mata da matasa mata ilimi da kuma kafa makarantu da dakunan karatu. A cikin 1868, ta kafa Institut supérieur libre de demoiselles, makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata, a Liège, wanda yanzu ake kira Athénée Léonie de Waha . Sakamakon sha'awarta na inganta 'yancin mata, a cikin 1912 ta kafa kungiyar Union des femmes de Wallonie wadda ta jagoranci har sai da ta mutu a 1926. [1] [2] == Rayuwar farko == An haife shi a Tilff a lardin Liège a ranar 31 ga Maris 1836, Léonie Marie Laurence de Chestret de Haneffe 'yar iyaye ce daga masu sarauta: Sanatan Belgium Hyacinthe de Chestret de Haneffe (1797-1881) da Amanda Laurence de Sélys Longchamps, 'yar'uwar Belgian-180 (180). dan siyasa Edmond de Sélys Longchamps . Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta a lokacin tana da shekaru biyu kacal, gwamnatoci da malamai masu zaman kansu suka rene ta a Colonster Castle . Sa’ad da take ƙarama, ta halarci Cibiyar Nazarin Demoiselles da ke Liège kuma ta yi wasu shekaru a Flanders . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Flagothier, Iris |date=21 June 2018 |title=L'Union des Femmes de Wallonie |url=http://www.ihoes.be/PDF/IHOES_Analyse185.pdf |access-date=11 February 2019 |publisher=Analyse de l'Ihoes, No. 185 |language=French}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Agusta 1863, ta auri lauya Victor Louis Auguste de Waha-Baillonville wanda ta haifi 'ya, Louise Amanda. Mummunan sa'arta ya ci gaba da mutuwar 'yarta a cikin 1866 da na mijinta jim kadan bayan haka a ranar 1 ga Agusta 1867. == Sana'a == Yanzu ta rasu, de Waha ta yanke shawarar sadaukar da rayuwarta wajen inganta 'yantar da mata da kuma kara ilimi ga 'yan mata. Bayan kafa makarantar tela a Tilff, a cikin 1868 ta kafa "Institut supérieur de demoiselles" (Makarantar Matasa ta Matasa) a Liège, tana ba da ƙwararrun malamai a cikin yanayin duniya. Malaman Katolika, Furotesta ko limaman Yahudawa ne suka ba da darussan zaɓi na addini. Daga baya makarantar ta fadada, tana buƙatar sabbin wuraren da masanin gine-gine Jean Moutschen ya tsara. Ba da daɗewa ba ya zama sananne da Lycée Léonie de Waha. <ref name="esneux">{{Cite web |title=Histoire - Personnages liés à la commune |url=http://www.esneux.be/site/loisirs_et_dec/tourisme/decouvrir_la_c/histoire/index.php?ref_annu=1217&ref_annu_page=1097 |access-date=11 February 2019 |publisher=Commune d'Esneux |language=French}} [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Sakamakon sha'awarta ga tarihin gida, a farkon karni na 20 de Waha ya zama abin sha'awar Walloon Movement, wanda ya dace da manyan mutane irin su [[Julien Delaite]] da Jules Destrée . Ta goyi bayan shawarwarin raba ƙasar zuwa yankuna na Walloons, Flemings da mazaunan Brussels. <ref name="clw">{{Cite web |title=Léonie De Waha |url=http://connaitrelawallonie.wallonie.be/fr/wallons-marquants/merite/de-waha-leonie#.XGGSG817lPY |access-date=11 February 2019 |publisher=Connaître la Wallonie |language=French |archive-date=23 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123131007/http://connaitrelawallonie.wallonie.be/fr/wallons-marquants/merite/de-waha-leonie#.XGGSG817lPY |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1912, a tsayin sha'awar tallafawa Wallonia, de Waha ya kafa kungiyar Union des femmes de Wallonie wacce da farko ta ta'allaka ne kan karfafa mata gwiwa da su shiga cikin tallafawa al'adun yankin amma bayan karshen [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na farko]] ya mayar da hankali kan karin goyon baya ga 'yancin mata. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ingantaccen damar samun ilimi, zaɓen mata da dama ga mata a cikin ma'aikata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2013 |title=Manuel d'histoire de la Wallonie: Chapitre 16, La condition f'eminine en Wallonie |url=http://connaitrelawallonie.wallonie.be/sites/wallonie/files/lecons/16_femmes_fusionnee.pdf |access-date=12 February 2019 |publisher=Institut Destrée |language=French |archive-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011950/http://connaitrelawallonie.wallonie.be/sites/wallonie/files/lecons/16_femmes_fusionnee.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> De Waha ta mutu cikin aminci a gidanta da ke Tilff a ranar 8 ga Yuli 1926, tana da shekara 90. <ref name="esneux"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1836]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 1926]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2zyqzitlzfon63pk5jmbk8p1n6vwoq1 0 100066 839397 670017 2026-05-23T16:32:09Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Modikane Joseph “Jossey” Buthane''' (An haife shi ranar 19 ga watan [[Ogusta|Agusta]], 1979) ɗan siyasan [[Afirka]] ta Kudu ne daga Lardin Limpopo. Tsakanin [[Mayu]] 2014 da Afrilu 2024, ya wakilci 'Yan Yancin Tattalin Arziki a Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Limpopo. Ya koma jam’iyyar African National Congress a lokacin yakin neman zaben 2024. == Fagen Siyasa== Buthane ya fara siyasa ne a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar ANC. Shugaban yankin ANC Youth League (ANCYL) a Limpopo, ya kasance makusancin shugaban ANCYL Julius Malema.<ref>"Malema's 'list' of pals feed on school meals". The Mail & Guardian. 26 October 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2025.</ref> Tsakanin 2011 zuwa 2013, ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan Malema a cikin rigimar Malema da Boy Mamabolo.<ref>Maponya, Frank (14 December 2011). "Residents beat up Juju's men". The Sowetan. Retrieved 29 April 2025.</ref><ref>Malema: Bringing up my dead mother is distasteful". The Mail & Guardian. 15 January 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2025</ref><ref>Malema in bitter feud with ex-friend". News24. 15 January 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2025</ref><ref>Moloto, Moloko (15 September 2014). "ANC Youth League foes in gun war". IOL. Retrieved 29 April 2025.</ref> Mayakan Yancin Tattalin Arziki: 2013–2024 A lokacin da Malema ya kafa jam’iyyar Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) a matsayin jam’iyyar ANC mai ballewa a shekarar 2013, Buthane ya musanta jita-jitar da ake yadawa cewa zai shiga sabuwar jam’iyyar, yana mai cewa Malema “aboki-dan’uwa ne” amma ya ci gaba da zama mamba a jam’iyyar ANC.<ref>Malema not moved by former allies". The Sowetan. 19 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 February 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2025</ref> Duk da haka, a cikin Oktoba 2013, ya sanar da ficewa daga ANC zuwa EFF. A baya-bayan nan ya rasa mukaminsa na shugaban jam’iyyar ANC reshen Seshego a hannun Mamabolo, amma ya nuna cewa babban korafinsa da ANC na da alaka da kabilanci, yana mai bayyana jam’iyyar a matsayin “Amazulu National Congress” da kuma “a social club of individuals.”.<ref>Moloto, Moloko (31 October 2013). "Malema confidant finally joins the EFF". IOL. Retrieved 29 April 2025.</ref> An nada Buthane a matsayin kodinetan lardi na wucin gadi na reshen Limpopo na EFF, wanda ya maye gurbin George Raphela, sannan ya shiga majalisar dokokin lardin Limpopo a matsayin wakilin EFF a babban zaben watan Mayun 2014. Ya yi wa’adi biyu a majalisar dokokin lardi, inda ya samu sake tsayawa takara a babban zaben watan Mayun 2019. A babban zaben 2019 kuma EFF ta gabatar da shi a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai ta kasa, amma ya kasance na 86 a jerin sunayen jam'iyyar na kasa kuma bai samu zabe ba.<ref>Modikane Joseph Buthane". People's Assembly. Retrieved 29 April 2025</ref> Har ila yau, ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin shugabancin hukumar ta EFF reshen Limpopo, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren lardi, sannan daga shekarar 2018, a matsayin shugaban lardi. Sai dai a shekarar 2022, shugabannin EFF na kasa sun sanar da cewa za su rusa kungiyar shugabannin lardin Buthane da ke Limpopo, saboda rashin gamsuwa da yadda jam'iyyar lardin ta yi a zaben kananan hukumomi na 2021. Komawa Majalisar Wakilan Afirka: 2024-yanzu A ranar 7 ga Afrilu 2024, yayin wani gangamin ANC a Polokwane, Buthane ya bayyana cewa ya fice daga EFF don komawa ANC. Daga cikin dalilansa na ficewa daga EFF, ya bada misali da matakin rusa shugabancin jam’iyyar a 2022 da kuma harin da Malema ya kai masa. A cewar jam’iyyar ANC, Buthane ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani wajen zaburar da tsaffin ‘yan jam’iyyar EFF don marawa jam’iyyar ANC baya a lokacin babban zaben watan Mayun 2024.<ref>Defector Jossey Buthane says EFF is 'bleeding support' in Limpopo". The Mail & Guardian. 16 May 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2025</ref> == Zargin tashin hankali == A cikin 2012, Buthane ya bayyana a Kotun Majistare ta Mankweng bisa zargin cin zarafin wani ɗan'uwan ANCYL a gangamin Jami'ar Limpopo.<ref>ANCYL member in court". IOL. 2 May 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2025</ref> A cikin watan Satumba na 2014, an tuhume shi da laifin cin zarafi da niyyar yin mummunar illa ga jiki saboda harin da ake zargin wani ɗan'uwa na EFF a taron jam'iyyar a Mahwelereng.<ref>Moloto, Moloko (30 September 2014). "Malema ally sought". IOL. Retrieved 29 April 2025</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2015, an tuhume shi da laifin cin zarafi saboda zargin dukan wani dalibi da sanda a yayin taron dalibai a Jami'ar Limpopo. A wata mai zuwa, an kama shi da wasu mambobin EFF a Mahwelereng bisa tuhumar da ba su da alaka da tayar da hankalin jama'a. A cikin watan Agusta 2018, News24 ta ruwaito cewa Buthane yana tsaye a gaban kotun majistare a Schoonoord, wanda ake zargi da cin zarafin wata mace EFF a yayin taron jam'iyyar a watan Disamba 2016. Buthane ya musanta zargin da mai gabatar da kara ya yi, yana gaya wa jaridar, "A siyasance, ita ce mai cin zarafin maza ta hanyar cin gajiyar mata.<ref>Peter, Zamayirha (19 August 2018). "EFF leaders accused of women abuse". News24. Retrieved 29 April 2025.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1979]] [[Category:Yan siyasar Afrika ta Kudu]] kmifca8uas2glkd5txpvotbcfmvdfhj 0 100292 839492 660680 2026-05-23T21:14:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ciliesta Catherine Shoana Motsepe''' 'yar majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu ce mai fafutukar 'yancin tattalin arziki. An zabe ta zuwa majalisa a 2019.<ref>"At least 17 new EFF members in National Assembly". SABC News. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2020</ref><ref>SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures". News24. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2020</ref> Daga Yuni 2020, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Fayil kan Ayyukan Jama'a da Gudanarwa. A cikin Maris 2023, an naɗa ta don yin aiki a Kwamitin Fayil kan Albarkatun Ma'adinai da Makamashi.<ref>Ciliesta Catherine Shoana Motsepe". People's Assembly. Retrieved 27 December 2020</ref> Motsepe kuma ta kasance kuma memba ta EFF's Central Command Team, mafi girman tsarin yanke shawara.<ref>Cele, S'thembile (15 May 2019). "EFF elects 40-member central command team". City Press. Retrieved 27 December 2020.</ref> A ranar 6 ga Yuni 2023, News24 ta ruwaito cewa EFF ta kori Motsepe a matsayinta daga ƴar majalisa.<ref>Ditabo, Malaika. "EFF new MPs, including Manyi, sworn-in as MPs". News24. Retrieved 7 June 2023</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin hadi na Waje== *[https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/249 National Assembly profile]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] m2r9bnzuchjhf020ycdw7vbhcc1liz6 0 100493 839410 817230 2026-05-23T16:50:55Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Patrick Jérôme Achi''' (An haife shi 17 [[Nuwamba]] 1955) ɗan siyasan Ivory Coast ne wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Cote d'Ivoire daga Maris 2021 zuwa Oktoba 2023 a gwamnatin Shugaba Alassane Ouattara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast: Achi reappointed PM, regional bank chief named VP |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/19/ivory-coast-achi-reappointed-pm-regional-bank-chief-named-vp |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Shi memba ne na jam'iyyar ''Rally of the Republicans (RDR)''. Ya yi karatu a Supélec da Jami'ar Stanford kuma ya kware a fannin injiniya da ababen more rayuwa. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun gwamnati Alassane Ouattara. Kafin wannan ya kasance babban sakataren fadar shugaban kasa daga watan [[Janairu|Janairun]] 2017, kafin a kara masa girma zuwa karamin minista, yayin da yake aiki a lokaci guda a matsayin Babban Sakatare na Majalisar Dokokin Tattalin Arziki ta Kasa da ke da alhakin sa ido da aiwatar da tsarin dabarun 2030 da shirin gwamnati na shekaru 5 "[[Ivory Coast|Cote d'Ivoire]] Solidaire 2021-2025 a matsayin Firayim Minista.<ref>{{Cite web |title=S.E. Patrick ACHI |url=https://www.theafricaceoforum.com/forum-2023/en/intervenant/s-e-patrick-achi/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Africa CEO Forum 2023 |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga [[Afrilu]] 2022, Firayim Minista Achi ya yi murabus,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Côte d'Ivoire: Prime Minister Patrick Achi has resigned |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/194689/cote-divoire-prime-minister-patrick-achi-has-resigned/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en}}</ref> tare da gwamnatinsa, amma shugaba Ouattara ya maido da shi kafin a cire shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2023, tare da rusa gwamnatin Ivory Coast. Achi a hukumance ya yi murabus a karo na biyu a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 2023 == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Achi, an haife shi a birnin Paris ga mahaifin Ivory Coast (daga kabilar Attié da ke yankin Kudu) da kuma mahaifiyar Faransa Breton. Ya yi karatu a Faransa da Amurka. Achi yana da digiri na farko a fannin Physics daga Jami'ar De Cocody a Abidjan, Jagorar Kimiyyar Kimiyya a Injin Lantarki daga École Supérieure d'Électricité de Paris (SUPELEC) da Jagoran Kimiyyar Kimiyya a Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Stanford, California. == Ayyukan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu == A shekara ta 1983, ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai ba da shawara tare da Arthur Andersen a ofishinsu na [[Faris|Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=keynote-mr-patrick-achi {{!}} EIS Africa |url=https://www.eis.africa/keynote-mr-patrick-achi/,%20https://www.eis.africa/keynote-mr-patrick-achi/ |access-date=2024-01-29 |language=en-ZA }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1988, ya koma ofishin Abidjan a matsayin Darakta a sashin shawarwari na Yammacin Afirka da masu magana da Faransanci kafin ya kafa kamfaninsa mai suna Strategie & Management Consultants a 1992. == Ayyukan siyasa == Tsakanin 2010 da 2017, Achi ya kasance Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki na gwamnatocin Firayim Minista Guillaume Soro (2010-2012), Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio (2012) da Daniel Kablan Duncan (2012-2017). <ref>"Cote D'Ivoire — Central Intelligence Agency." Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence Agency. CIA, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2010. <{{Cite web |title=Cote d'Ivoire — Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/cote-divoire.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070815022456/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-c/cote-divoire.html |archive-date=2007-08-15 |access-date=2007-08-29}}>.</ref> An nada Achi a matsayin mukaddashin Firayim Minista a ranar 8 ga Maris 2021 don ɗaukar nauyin Firayim Ministan [[Hamed Bakayoko]], wanda aka kwantar da shi a asibiti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savana |first=Albert |date=2021-03-08 |title=Cote d'Ivoire: Hamed Bakayoko (temporarily) relieved of his duties |url=https://www.kapitalafrik.com/2021/03/08/cote-divoire-hamed-bakayoko-temporarily-relieved-of-his-duties/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Kapital Afrik |language=en-US}}</ref> Bakayoko ta mutu bayan kwana biyu. [[Alassane Ouattara|Shugaba Ouattara]] ne ya nada Achi a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 26 ga Maris 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast: New prime minister appointed |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/ivory-coast-new-prime-minister-appointed/2189418 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> A cikin wannan matsayi, ya zama babban jigo a tattaunawar don warware babban gibin samar da wutar lantarki da ya haifar da tabarbarewar wutar lantarki a birane na makonni da yawa. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022, shi da gwamnati sun yi murabus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast prime minister and government resign |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/13/breaking-ivory-coast-prime-minister-resigns |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Afrilu, shugaba Ouattara ya sake nada shi a matsayin firaminista amma tare da sake fasalin majalisar ministoci da kuma kafa gwamnati ta biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast: Achi reappointed PM, regional bank chief named VP |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/19/ivory-coast-achi-reappointed-pm-regional-bank-chief-named-vp |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Ouattara ya cire Achi daga mukaminsa a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2023 kuma ya rushe gwamnatinsa. Achi ya yi murabus a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Oktoba a wannan shekarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivory Coast president removes prime minister, dissolves government |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/ivory-coast-president-has-dissolved-government-presidency-2023-10-06 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> Bayan barin gwamnati, Achi ya ba da lokacinsa ga matsayinsa na Shugaban Majalisar Yankin La Mé. An nada shi Shugaban Majalisar Yankin La Mé a karon farko a cikin 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Côte d'Ivoire's RHDP party seeks new candidate after Coulibaly's death |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/33326/cote-divoires-rhdp-party-seeks-new-candidate-after-coulibalys-death/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en}}</ref> == diflomasiyyar kasa da kasa da kuma fadakarwa == A matsayinsa na Ministan Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, sannan kuma firayim minista, Patrick Achi ya wakilci Cote d'Ivoire a taron tattalin arziki, zuba jari da ci gaban da aka mayar da hankali kan Afirka da tarukan kasa da kasa, teburi da tarurruka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: * Forum Afrique, Paris, Faransa, 10 ga Yuni 2021 : mai da hankali kan juriyar tattalin arzikin Cote d'Ivoire yayin bala'in Covid-19 da hasashen tattalin arzikinta na 2021. * Taron Siyasa na Duniya, Abu Dhabi, 2-3 Oktoba 2021 : ya gabatar da ƙalubalen bayan covid-19 ga Afirka da Cote d'Ivoire tare da jagorantar tattaunawa tsakanin bangarorin biyu don ƙarfafa dangantaka da UAE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Invited guests – World Policy Conference |url=https://www.worldpolicyconference.com/2021-invited-guests/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> * MEDEF Forum, Paris, [[Faransa]], 19 ga Agusta 2021: tattaunawa game da ƙalubale da dama ga Côte d'Ivoire . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The economic Francophonie meets in Paris |url=https://societegenerale.africa/cn/societe-generale-africa/press-release/news-details/news/the-economic-francophonie-meets-paris/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Société Générale |language=zh-CN}}</ref> * Expo 2020, [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]], UAE, 25 Nuwamba 2021: gabatar da nasarorin da Côte d'Ivoire ta samu ga masu saka hannun jari na UAE, Gulf da Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-04 |title=Côte d'Ivoire National Day celebrated at Expo 2020 Dubai |url=https://africaexpo2020dubai.au.int/en/news/press-releases/2021-11-28/ivory-coast-celebrates-national-day-expo-2020 |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=African Union Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai |language=en}}</ref> * Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya, Davos, [[Switzerland]], 23-24 Mayu 2022: gabatar da Shirin Ci Gaban Kasa na Côte d'Ivoire 'Vision 2030'. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=Davos Forum: Ivorian PM on key challenges to watch out for in Africa |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/05/24/davos-forum-modernisation-of-agriculture-a-key-challenge-to-watch-out-for-in-africa/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> * 8th TICAD, Tunis, Tunisia, 26-28 Agusta 2022: tattaunawa mai zurfi game da ci gaban Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 8th Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD8): Sharing JICA's efforts in Africa, a continent facing complex crises {{!}} Press Releases {{!}} News & Features {{!}} JICA |url=https://www.jica.go.jp/Resource/english/news/press/2022/20220929_21.html |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.jica.go.jp |archive-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524005406/https://www.jica.go.jp/Resource/english/news/press/2022/20220929_21.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Taron shekara-shekara na IMF, [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], DC, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], 10-16 Oktoba 2022: Ya jagoranci tawagar Ivory Coast zuwa Asusun Kudi na Duniya (IMF) da kuma taron shekara-sheko na Bankin Duniya. Ya sadu da Shugaban Bankin Duniya David Malpass, wanda ya sake tabbatar da goyon bayan Bankin ga dabarun ci gaban Vision 2030 na kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Readout from World Bank Group President David Malpass's Meeting with Patrick Achi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2022/10/15/readout-from-world-bank-group-president-david-malpass-s-meeting-with-patrick-achi-prime-minister-of-the-republic-of-c-te |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Mista Achi ya kuma tattauna game da kalubalen duniya da tasirin su a Afirka tare da Kristalina Georgieva, Manajan Darakta na IMF. * Taron Taron Tantanin [[Accra]], Accra, [[Ghana]], 22 ga Nuwamba 2022: Taron Tatanni na Shugabannin Afirka a lokacin da EU da kasashen Gulf of Guinea suka karfafa hadin kai wajen yaki da [[ta'addanci]] da ci gaban yanki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ògúnmọ́dẹdé |first=Chris Olaoluwa |date=2022-12-19 |title=West Africa Is Replicating France's Failed Security Strategy |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/west-africa-coup-terrorism-mali-france-ghana-accra-ecowas/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=World Politics Review |language=en-US}}</ref> * Taron Shugabannin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da Afirka, Washington, DC, Amurka, 12-15 Disamba 2022: Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ne ya shirya shi. Ya jagoranci teburin kasuwanci na kasar. Ya sadu da ma'aikatan Meta don tattauna ci gaban dijital a Côte d'Ivoire. * Ziyarar aiki, Paris, Faransa, 21-24 Fabrairu 2023: Gamuwa da manyan 'yan siyasa ciki har da Bruno Le Maire, Ministan Tattalin Arziki, Kudi da Masana'antu da Masarautar Digital, don tattauna hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da tallafi ga manyan ayyukan kamar Abidjan Metro da fadada [[Filin jirgin saman Abidjan]]. Ta sadu da Firayim Minista Elisabeth Borne don tattauna abokantaka da haɗin gwiwa na Franco-Ivorian, aikin matasa, noma, kare muhalli da saka hannun jari na tattalin arziki. * Taron Shugaba na Afirka, [[Abidjan]], Côte d'Ivoire, 5-6 Yuni 2023: jawabin buɗewa game da muhimmancin gini da gano zakarun Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa CEO Forum 2023: Navigating the crises |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/311653/alassane-ouattara-aziz-akhannouch-makhtar-diop-this-years-africa-ceo-forum-2023-live/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en}}</ref> * Taron don Sabon Yarjejeniyar Kudi ta Duniya, [[Faris|Paris]], Faransa, 22-23 Yuni 2023: ya shiga cikin tattaunawar da ke kafa tushe don sabon tsarin samar da kudi na duniya bayan Tsarin Bretton Woods don magance [[Canjin yanayi]], rikicin halittu da ƙalubalen ci gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olufemi Terry |date=23 Jun 2023 |title=African governments, partners express support for Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa toward target of mobilizing $500 million |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/press-releases/african-governments-partners-express-support-alliance-green-infrastructure-africa-toward-target-mobilizing-500-million-62361 |website=www.afdb.org}}</ref> * Wasannin Francophonie, [[Kinshasa]], RDC, 30 ga Yulin 2023: ya goyi bayan kungiyoyin Côte d'Ivoire kuma ya inganta Al'adun Ivory Coast da wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=fatshimetrie |date=2023-07-30 |title=Meeting of Ivorian and Congolese Prime Ministers to strengthen ties during the Games of La Francophonie |url=https://eng.fatshimetrie.org/2023/07/30/meeting-of-ivorian-and-congolese-prime-ministers-to-strengthen-ties-during-the-games-of-la-francophonie/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Fatshimetrie |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sauran ayyukan == * Asusun Kuɗi na ta Duniya (IMF), shuhun memba na kwamitin gwamnoni == Rayuwa ta mutum == A ranar 16 ga Afrilu 2020, Achi ya ba da sanarwar cewa ya gwada inganci don COVID-19 kuma ya keɓe kansa har sai ƙarin sanarwa. A cikin Mayu 2021, an kai shi Paris saboda "gajiya mai tsanani" da kuma duba lafiyarsa. Yana da yara 5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Côte d'Ivoire : Biographie du nouveau 1er ministre Patrick Jérôme Achi {{!}} FratMat |url=https://www.fratmat.info/article/211965/politique/cote-divoire-biographie-du-nouveau-1er-ministre-patrick-jerome-achi |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.fratmat.info}}</ref> Mahaifiyar Achi, Marianne Le Du ta mutu a Faransa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Achi's mother has passed away: First Lady Dominique Ouattara offers her condolences to the former Prime Minister |url=https://dominiqueouattara.ci/en/activit_s/patrick-achis-mother-has-passed-away-first-lady-dominique-ouattara-offers-her-condolences-to-the-former-prime-minister/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Dominique Ouattara |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130181234/https://dominiqueouattara.ci/en/activit_s/patrick-achis-mother-has-passed-away-first-lady-dominique-ouattara-offers-her-condolences-to-the-former-prime-minister/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] ctdyllwx44v97bc4kajv7i8k46uqtn3 0 100745 839623 666792 2026-05-24T09:56:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dokar Bautar Zamani ta 2015''' (c. 30) doka ce ta Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya. An tsara shi don yaƙar bautar zamani a [[Burtaniya]] kuma yana ƙarfafa laifukan da suka gabata da suka shafi [[Safarar Mutane|fataucin bayin]] da bauta. Dokar ta ƙara da gaske zuwa Ingila da Wales, amma wasu tanade-tanade (misali, da suka shafi maganganun bautar zamani da bin kan iyaka) sun shafi Scotland da Arewacin Ireland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Modern Slavery Act 2015|url=http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2014-15/modernslavery.html|publisher=UK Parliament|accessdate=7 April 2015}}</ref> James Brokenshire, Mataimakin Sakatare na Laifuka da Tsaro ne ya gabatar da kudirin ga Majalisar a cikin daftarin tsarin a cikin watan Oktoba 2013. Waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin kudirin a Ofishin Cikin Gida sune [[Theresa May]] da Lord Bates. Ya karɓi izinin sarauta kuma ya zama doka a ranar 26 ga watan Maris 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Modern Slavery Act 2015 |url=http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2014-15/modernslavery.html |access-date=7 April 2015 |publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref> An ambato James Brokenshire yana cewa matakin zai aike da sako mai karfi ga masu aikata laifuka cewa idan kuna da hannu a cikin wannan mummunar fataucin bil adama, za a kama ku, za a gurfanar da ku a gaban kuliya kuma za a kulle ku.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/10749462.Old_Bexley_and_Sidcup_MP_James_Brokenshire_announces_plans_to_help_end_human_trafficking/ |title=Old Bexley and Sidcup MP James Brokenshire announces plans to help end human trafficking |newspaper=Newshopper |first=Helois |last=Wood |date=18 October 2013 }}</ref> == Tanade-tanade == Dokar ta ƙunshi tanade-tanade da yawa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Modern Slavery Bill 2014-15 |url=http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2014-15/modernslavery.html |access-date=20 November 2014 |publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2014 |title=Modern Slavery Bill 2014-15 - Commons Library Research Paper |url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/briefing-papers/RP14-37/modern-slavery-bill-201415 |publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref> * Ƙaddamar da ayyukan bautar da ake da su da kuma laifukan fatauci * Ƙaddamar da wasu sabbin umarni na farar hula guda biyu don baiwa kotuna damar sanya takunkumi ga waɗanda aka samu da laifin bautar zamani, ko waɗanda ke da hannu a irin waɗannan laifuka amma har yanzu ba a yanke musu hukunci ba. * Ƙaddamar da Kwamishinan Yaƙi da Bauta mai zaman kansa don ƙarfafa kyakkyawan aiki kan rigakafin laifuffukan bautar na zamani da kuma gano waɗanda abin ya shafa. (Sashe na IV na Dokar.) Kwamishina na farko shine Kevin Hyland. * Samar da hanyoyin kwace kadarorin masu fataucin da kuma karkatar da wasu kuɗaɗen zuwa ga waɗanda abin ya shafa domin biyan diyya * Ƙirƙirar wani sabon kariyar doka ga waɗanda aka yi wa bauta ko fataucin da aka tilasta musu aikata laifuka (sashe na 45) da kuma tsawaita matakai na musamman ga shaidun da ke ba da shaida a cikin shari'ar laifuka ga waɗanda aka yi wa bautar zamani (sashe na 46). * Samar da masu kare fataucin yara (sashe na 48) Tsarin da ke cikin sashe na 45 wanda ke ba da kariya ta doka ga masu aikata laifuka kan bauta ko fataucin wanda aka azabtar ba a samuwa a cikin wasu manyan laifuka da aka bayyana a cikin Jadawalin 4.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-05 |title=Rooney gang slavery victim has theft conviction quashed |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-44732708 |access-date=2023-03-31}}</ref><ref>''R v O & Another'' [2011] EWCA Crim 2226</ref><ref>{{cite BAILII|litigants=R v AAD|court=EWCA|division=Crim|year=2022|num=106|date=3 February 2022|courtname=auto|juris=England and Wales}}</ref> Idan har ya fito fili bayan an yanke masa hukunci, mai yiyuwa ne Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara ta soke hukuncin da aka yanke wa wanda ake tuhuma da aka yi wa fataucin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-05 |title=Rooney gang slavery victim has theft conviction quashed |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lincolnshire-44732708 |access-date=2023-03-31}}</ref><ref>''R v O & Another'' [2011] EWCA Crim 2226</ref><ref>{{cite BAILII|litigants=R v AAD|court=EWCA|division=Crim|year=2022|num=106|date=3 February 2022|courtname=auto|juris=England and Wales}}</ref> == Gyare-gyare ga Dokar == === Silsilar kayayyaki === Daftarin kudirin bai haɗa da matakan hana amfani da aikin bayi a ƙasashen waje ba, domin Ma’aikatar Cikin Gida ta ce buƙatar kamfanoni su bincika da kuma bayar da rahoto kan bauta ta zamani a cikin silsilar kayayyakin su zai kasance “nauyi na ƙari”. Sai dai fafutuka ya sa aka ƙara wani sashe kan silsilar kayayyaki don haka “manyan kamfanoni za su tilasta bayyana kokarin su na dakatar da amfani da aikin bayi daga masu ba su kaya.”<ref>{{cite news|title=Unfinished abolitionists: Britain returns to the frontline of the war on slavery|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/10/unfinished-abolitionists-britain-returns-frontline-war-slavery|publisher=New Statesman|author=Michael Pollitt|date=16 October 2014}}</ref> Tattaunawa game da buƙatun bayar da rahoto ta gudana a watan Fabrairu da Maris 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1d9fc7c9-28b9-4405-8280-6b6aa860f46a|title=Update on the Modern Slavery Bill - consultation on the transparency in supply chains clause|author1=Jehan-Philippe Wood|author2=Hari Jon|date=27 February 2015|website=www.lexology.com|publisher=Globe Business Publishing Ltd.|access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref> Daga 29 ga Oktoba 2015, tanadin *Bayyananniyar Silsilar Kayayyaki* ya buƙaci kamfanoni su wallafa bayanin shekara-shekara idan sun fi adadin kuɗin shiga (£36 miliyan).<ref>The Modern Slavery Act 2015 (Transparency in Supply Chain) Regulations 2015, regulation 2</ref> Bayanai ya kamata su nuna matakan da aka ɗauka don tabbatar da cewa bauta da fataucin mutane ba sa gudana cikin harkokin su (ko a cikin silsilar kaya), ko kuma a bayyana cewa ba a ɗauki wani mataki ba. Ana sa ran 'yan kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin kamfanoni za su zaɓi na biyu, saboda hakan zai iya jawo tambaya a kan matsayin ɗabi’a da suna. Duk da haka, ba a kafa tilas a doka don gudanar da bincike kan silsilar kaya ba, kuma babu hukuncin kudi ko laifi da aka ɗora wa wadanda suka ki bin doka.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sharon Benning-Prince|title=A Guide to the Modern Slavery Act for Your Business|url=http://blog.contractstore.com/2015/07/31/a-guide-to-the-modern-slavery-act-your-business-could-be-affected/|publisher=ContractStore Legal Business Blog|date=31 July 2015|accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Maris 2016 Ma’aikatar Cikin Gida ta shirya taron *Bayyananniyar Silsilar Kayayyaki* (TISC), inda aka ƙaddamar da rajistar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke yaƙi da bauta don samar da dandalin da kamfanoni za su iya wallafa bayanan su. Lokacin ƙaddamarwa, ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2016, ƙungiyar da aka kafa ta hanyar Jaya Chakrabarti, ta haɗu da gwamnatin Wales, Cibiyar Kwararrun Saye da Kayayyaki, Hukumar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (ICC), da Business West. A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2017 tana da kamfanoni 10,153 da suka bayar da bayanan su, wanda ya zama rajista mafi girma a duniya kan bauta ta zamani.<ref>{{cite press release|title=World's largest anti-slavery register reaches 10k milestone, boosting the fight against exploitation|url=http://pressreleases.responsesource.com/news/92463/world-s-largest-anti-slavery-register-reaches-k-milestone-boosting-the/|date=30 January 2017|publisher=TISC Report}}</ref> {{asof|2025|June}} rahoton ya ce ya ƙunshi fiye da bayanai 60,000 kan bauta ta zamani.<ref>TISC Report, [https://tiscreport.org/products/dataset/modern-slavery-act-section-54-latest-statement Modern Slavery Act Section 54 - Latest statement], accessed on 19 June 2025</ref> A 2019, Gwamnatin Birtaniya ta amince da wallafa bayaninta kan Bauta Ta Zamani da gangan, yana bin irin buƙatun da ake ɗora wa manyan kamfanoni ƙarƙashin sashe na 54. An wallafa bayanin a ranar 26 Maris 2020,<ref>UK Government, [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/875800/UK_Government_Modern_Slavery_Statement.pdf UK Government Modern Slavery Statement], published 26 March 2020, accessed 1 January 2021</ref> sannan aka sabunta shi a watan Satumba 2023.<ref>HM Government, [https://modern-slavery-statement-registry.service.gov.uk/statement-summary/ExGAzjlJ/2022 UK Government modern slavery statement summary (2022)], published on 22 September 2023, accessed on 1 June 2025</ref> Gwamnatin Wales ta wallafa nata bayanin a ranar 10 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Welsh Government, [https://www.gov.wales/welsh-government-modern-slavery-statement Welsh Government Modern Slavery Statement] published on 10 August 2023, accessed on 1 June 2025</ref> A Scotland kuwa, an wallafa *Tsarin Fataucin da Cin Zarafi* na farko a 2017, kuma gwamnatin Scotland ta fitar da bayanin “bauta da fataucin mutane” a ranar 12 ga Disamba 2023.<ref>Scottish Government, [https://www.gov.scot/publications/slavery-human-trafficking-statement/ Slavery and human trafficking statement], published on 12 December 2023, accessed on 1 June 2025</ref> === Karuwanci === A watan Nuwamba 2014, Fiona Mactaggart MP ta gabatar da gyara a cikin kudirin da ya shafi *karuwanci*, wanda ke da nufin haramta siyan jima’i.<ref>{{cite web|title=Convenient conflations: modern slavery, trafficking, and prostitution|author=Julia O'Connell Davidson|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/beyondslavery/julia-o%27connell-davidson/convenient-conflations-modern-slavery-trafficking-and-prostit|publisher=Open Democracy|date=4 November 2014|access-date=26 June 2025|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129030843/https://www.opendemocracy.net/beyondslavery/julia-o%27connell-davidson/convenient-conflations-modern-slavery-trafficking-and-prostit|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Katie Nguyen|title=British parliament to debate whether paying for sex should be illegal|url=http://www.trust.org/item/20141103172740-ra98u/|publisher=Thomson Reuters Foundation|date=3 Nov 2014|access-date=26 June 2025|archive-date=11 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111183308/http://www.trust.org/item/20141103172740-ra98u/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin muhawara a Majalisar Wakilai, John McDonnell MP ya yi adawa da wannan gyara, yana cewa babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa haramcin siyan jima’i a Sweden ya rage yawan *masu karuwanci* ko abokan cinikin su, kuma ya nuna cewa irin waɗannan matakai sukan haifar da illa. Ya ambaci Fasto Andrew Dotchin na *Safety First Coalition*: “Ina adawa da sassan da ke da nasaba da karuwanci a cikin Dokar Bauta Ta Zamani, wanda zai sa siyan jima’i ya zama laifi. Haramta abokan ciniki ba zai kawo ƙarshen karuwanci ba, kuma ba zai daina kama mata ba. Sai dai yana ƙara ɗora su cikin haɗari kuma yana nuna musu shishigi.”<ref>{{cite web|title=House of Commons|url=http://www.parliamentlive.tv/Main/Player.aspx?meetingId=16245&st=17%3A37%3A24.8900000|publisher=UK Parliament|date=4 November 2014}}</ref> Wannan gyara daga bisani aka janye shi.<ref>{{cite news|author=Niki Adams|title=Listen to sex workers – we can explain what decriminalisation would mean|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/06/sex-workers-decriminalisation-amendment-modern-slavery-bill|newspaper=The Guardian|date=6 November 2014}}</ref> === Biza mai ɗaurewa === A watan Maris 2015 an kawo wani gyara a Majalisar Dattawa kan *ma’aikatan ƙetare* da ke zuwa Burtaniya tare da masu daukar su ta hanyar amfani da “biza mai ɗaurewa”. Wannan tsarin da aka gabatar a 2012 yana kama da tsarin *kafala* da ake amfani da shi == Manazarta == rnzec6z44iufelzea9zpkolwd8vnilb 0 104308 839399 671527 2026-05-23T16:37:37Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruth Jummai Ango''' ‘yar siyasar [[Najeriya]] ce, An haife ta a watan [[Disamba]] 1971 a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]]. Ta wakilci mazabar tarayya ta Zangon Kataf/Jaba a majalisa ta 5 daga 2003 zuwa 2007 a karkashin jam'iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP). Ta samu horo a matsayin ma’aikaciyar jinya da ungozoma a Asibitin Katolika na St. Gerard da ke Kaduna sannan ta halarci Kwalejin koyon aikin jinya da ke [[Kafancan|Kafanchan.]]<ref>House of Representatives Member | Honourable Ruth Ummai Ango". web.archive.org. 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2025-01-08.</ref><ref>The House of Representatives, Federal Republic of Nigeria". web.archive.org. 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2025-01-08.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]] bs7gt9xw613tl3fefbp2n5f8g7qr56g 0 104345 839550 790836 2026-05-24T02:05:17Z Yusuf Sani Buhari 45142 /* */ 839550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sani Buhari''' dan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda ya taba zama wakilin mazabar Igabi a majalisar wakilai ta tarayya ta 5 daga shekarar 2003 zuwa 22007 a jam'iyyar ANPP. Ya taba rike mukamai a matsayin kansila a kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha ta tarayya da ke Damaturu sannan kuma a matsayin shugaban karamar hukumar Igabi a karkashin jam'iyyar APP. Ya yi digirinsa na farko a fannin Ilimi (Social Studies) a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya.<ref name=":0">House of Representatives Member | Honourable Sani Buhari". web.archive.org. 2007-10-20. Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2025-01-08.</ref><ref>The House of Representatives, Federal Republic of Nigeria". web.archive.org. 2007-12-21. Archived from the original on 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2025-01-08</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == Sani Buhari ya samu lambar yabo ta gidauniyar Malex.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan siyasar Najeriya]] 6jmysut9y3ebywr00ig7eeoqij2y8is 0 104805 839572 655794 2026-05-24T06:00:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Rabkin''' (1948 - 22 Nuwamba 1985) ɗan gwagwarmayar yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka sani da buga ƙasidu. Ya shafe shekaru bakwai na hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru goma saboda ayyukansa na yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata. Bayan mutuwarsa ta bazata lokacin horon soji a Angola, an yi jana'izar jarumin a [[Luanda]]. == Rayuwa == An haifi Rabkin a [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarar 1948 zuwa dangin [[Yahudawa]], amma danginsa sun yi hijira zuwa Biritaniya bayan kisan kiyashin Sharpeville a shekarar 1960.<ref name="Sahistory">{{cite web |title=David Rabkin |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/david-rabkin |website=Sahistory |publisher=South Africa History Online |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Ya samu Ph.D. a cikin wallafe-wallafe daga Jami'ar Leeds bayan wani nazari kan marubutan Afirka ta Kudu baƙar fata. Ya koma Cape Town tare da matarsa Susan kuma ya fara aiki a Cape Argus a shekarar 1972. A lokacin da aka kama shi a watan Satumba na shekarar 1976, Rabkin da matarsa Susan sun rarraba kusan 15 ƙasidu daban-daban masu goyon bayan jam'iyyar National Congress (ANC) da Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Afirka ta Kudu (SACP). <ref name="Sahistory"/> == Ɗauri == A cikin watan Satumba na 1976, ya amsa laifin da ake tuhumarsa da su da suka shafi ta'addanci da aikin tsaro na cikin gida na inganta manufofin ANC da SACP. Kotun ta same shi da laifin buga wasu kasidu masu kira da a rushe doka da oda. An yanke wa Rabkin hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru goma a gidan yari saboda "ƙara manufofin ƙungiyoyin da aka haramta". Matarsa Susan tana da ciki wata takwas kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin shekara guda, kuma an dakatar da watanni goma sha daya daga ciki.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=30 September 1976 |title=South Africa Sentences Journalist to 10 Years |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/30/archives/south-africa-sentences-journalist-to-10-years.html |access-date=14 February 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A yayin shari’ar ya bayyana cewa:<blockquote>Matakin da jam'iyyar ANC da 'yar uwarta, ciki har da SACP suka tsara, ya bayar da begen sakin domin amfanin ɗaukacin 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, kuzari, hazaka da buri na dukkan jama'armu. Daga 'yantar da jama'ar Afirka, wanda ya fi kowa zalunci a cikin al'ummarmu, zai gudana a cikin al'umma mai adalci da dimokuraɗiyya, Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta kasance ta duk wanda ke zaune a cikinta, baki da fari.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=David Rabkin Obituary in Sechaba, March 1986 |url=https://sacp.org.za/main.php?include=docs/biography/2006/drabkin.html |access-date=15 February 2023 |archive-date=17 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110917091331/https://sacp.org.za/main.php?include=docs/biography/2006/drabkin.html |agency=Sechaba |publisher=SACP |date=March 1986}}</ref> </blockquote>Bayan da ya amsa laifinsa kuma alkali Marius Diemont ya yanke masa hukunci, sai ya ba da gaisuwar baƙar fata da aka kama da hannu a hoton ɗakin kotun.<ref name="Book">{{cite news |title=S. Africa Throws Book at Agitators |url=https://www.newspaperarchive.com/politics-clipping-oct-01-1976-3733353/ |access-date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Pacific Stars and Stripes |date=1 October 1976 |archive-date=31 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731074423/https://www.newspaperarchive.com/politics-clipping-oct-01-1976-3733353/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An wulakanta shi a gidan yari, amma ya taimaka wa waɗanda ke cikin gidan yari na Pretoria a shekarar 1979. Ya ƙyale Denis Goldberg ya karya lasifikarsa da gangan don samun uzurin samun ƙarfe, wanda ya ba su damar siyar da maɓalli na wucin gadi don sauƙaƙe tserewa. Bayan fasa gidan yarin dai hukumomin gidan yarin sun yi masa tambayoyi, amma hankalin ƙasashen duniya ya sanya aka yi masa hukunci a tsakani da sauran masu kulla makarkashiyar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldberg |first=Denis |title=A Life for Freedom: The Mission to End Racial Injustice in South Africa |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2016 |isbn=978-0813166858}}</ref> Ya yi shekara bakwai a gidan yari na shekaru goma kuma an sake shi a shekarar 1983. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Rabkin ya auri Susan kuma suna da yara biyu, Jobe da Franny. Bayan an sake shi daga kurkuku a shekara ta 1983, ya ci gaba da aikin jarida, kuma ya ƙaura zuwa [[Maputo]] don ya ci gaba da ba da rahoto.<ref name=":0" /> An kai Matarsa Susan zaman bauta bayan an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin wata ɗaya, kuma bayan an saki David daga kurkuku shi ma an kai shi zaman bauta.<ref name="Book"/><ref name="Ndenze">{{cite news |last1=Ndenze |first1=Babalo |title=Renaming 'ignores Muslim residents' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/renaming-ignores-muslim-residents-1191118 |access-date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Independent Online |date=2 December 2011}}</ref> == Mutuwa == An kashe Rabkin a wani hatsarin horon soji [[Umkhonto we Sizwe|na uMkhonto we Sizwe]] a [[Angola]] 22 ga watan Nuwamba 1985, kuma an binne shi a [[Luanda]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Jenkin">{{cite book |last1=Jenkin |first1=Tim |title=Inside out: escape from Pretoria Prison |date=2003 |publisher=Jacana |location=Bellevue, South Africa |isbn=9781919931500 |page=332 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XdH1Kyiv7PQC&dq=david+rabkin+obituary+%09November+22,+1985&pg=PA332 |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref> Ya karɓi jana'izar jarumi kuma wani mai gadi na Umkhonto we Sizwe ɗauke da makamai ya tsaya a gaban akwatin gawarsa, wanda aka lulluɓe a cikin tutoci guda biyu: ANC da SACP. A wajen jana'izar sa, ɗan siyasar Afirka ta Kudu Joe Slovo da mai fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata Chris Hani sun gabatar da jawabai game da halayen Rabkin da jajircewa da kuma gudunmawar da ya bayar. <ref name=":0" /> == Martaba == A shekara ta 2007 ɗan siyasar Afirka ta Kudu Ronnie Kasrils ya yi jawabi ga majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu. Ya sadaukar da jawabinsa game da zaluncin Isra'ila don tunawa da Rabkin.<ref name="Kasrils">{{Cite journal |last=Kasrils |first=Ronnie |date=September 2007 |title=Speech to the South African Parliament on the 40 TH Anniversary of the Israeli Occupation, June 6, 2007 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2007.00311.x |journal=Middle East Policy |language=en |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=45–48 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4967.2007.00311.x |issn=1061-1924 |url-access=subscription |access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] hs1nl5jq7opivnoogli3pg18ht0p8h2 0 105046 839400 656979 2026-05-23T16:38:44Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Chudi Offodile|office=Federal Representative|constituency=[[Awka]]|term_start=1999|term_end=2005|nationality=[[Nigerian]]|occupation=Politician}}{{Databox}} '''Chudi Offodile''' ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne kuma marubuci. Ya wakilci Majalisa ta Tarayya ta [[Awka]] a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa daga shekarar 1999 zuwa shekarar 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-05-04 |title=Chudi Offodile: When patience is a virtue |url=https://thesun.ng/chudi-offodile-when-patience-is-a-virtue/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2020, an nada shi a matsayin Babban Darakta a [[Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Ruwa da Tsaro ta Najeriya]] (NIMASA).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2024-05-04 |title=Chudi Offodile: When patience is a virtue |url=https://thesun.ng/chudi-offodile-when-patience-is-a-virtue/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeremiah |first=Urowayino |date=2020-03-18 |title=Anambra govt congratulates Offodile on appointment to NIMASA Board |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/anambra-govt-congratulates-offodile-on-appointment-to-nimasa-board/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oni |first=Aderonke |date=2024-03-11 |title=Chudi Offodile succeeds Bashir Jamoh as acting NIMASA DG |url=https://www.thecable.ng/chudi-offodile-succeeds-bashir-jamoh-as-acting-nimasa-dg/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bn241dwt0rbt3nbmmfi4wx8jvf9s6d9 0 105307 839497 818244 2026-05-23T21:23:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A lokacin mulkin [[Muammar Gaddafi]] a kan [[Libya]], sojojin gwamnati sun aikata laifuka da yawa a kan bil'adama a kan jama'ar Libya. Wannan ya haɗa da kashe-kashen da ba a yi la'akari da shi ba, kashe-kisan jama'a, tsaftace kabilanci, da azabtar da fararen hula. A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Libya a shekara ta 2011, sojojin Gaddafi sun kashe masu zanga-zangar da ake zargi da rashin makamai kuma sun jefa bam a yankunan farar hula, wanda hakan ya jawo zargi daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam. == zanga-zangar dalibai == A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1976, daliban jami'a a ko'ina cikin Libya sun yi zanga-zanga game da take hakkin dan adam da kuma ikon soja na mulkin mallaka a kan dukkan fannoni na rayuwar farar hula. Masu zanga-zangar sun yi kira da a gudanar da zabe na kyauta da adalci da kuma aiwatar da tsarin dimokuradiyya a Libya. Wadannan zanga-zangar sun kasance cikin tashin hankali ta hanyar harbe-harbe da duka, tare da kama da yawa daga cikin daliban kuma an tsare su. Jami'o'i da makarantun sakandare duk Gaddafi ne ya kai hari don "shiru da kawar da" masu zanga-zangar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libya: The significance of 7 April; whether it is a day on which dissidents are hanged and if this practice has been in existence since 1970 |url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230529164411/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3f7d4dc238.html |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=webarchive.archive.unhcr.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title="إعدام الطلاب والمعارضين"... جرائم تطارد نظام القذافي |url=https://aawsat.com/node/4263251 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=aawsat.com |language=ar}}</ref> An tsare daliban da aka tsare a kurkuku har zuwa Afrilu 7, 1977, ranar tunawa da taron, wanda Gaddafi ya kira "Ranar Shari'a". A wannan rana, an kashe daliban a fili ta hanyar ratayewa a Benghazi tare da dubban mutane da suka halarta da kallon taron kai tsaye a talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt protests Gaddafi's war crimes |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/9532/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-protests-Gaddafis-war-crimes-.aspx}}</ref> Afrilu 7 ya zama ranar tunawa da aka yi bikin ta hanyar kashe fararen hula da kuma jami'an gwamnati da suka sauya sheka. Wannan ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen 80s-farkon 90s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cousins |first=Michel |date=2012-04-07 |title=April 7 1976: The start of Libya's Feb 17 Revolution? |url=https://libyaherald.com/2012/04/april-7-1976-the-start-of-libyas-feb-17-revolution/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=LibyaHerald |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yaƙi da Chadi == Yaƙin Gaddafi da Chadi ba wai kawai yana da mummunar tasiri ga Chadi ba, yana da mummuna ga tattalin arzikin Libya da sojoji. A cikin Yakin Toyota kadai, Libya ta rasa sama da dala biliyan 1.5 da kayan aikin soja da yawa. Jama'ar Libya sun yi Allah wadai da wannan yakin saboda sun ji ba su da damar mamaye wata ƙasa da ba ta nasu ba. A lokacin wannan yaƙin, dubban ɗaliban makarantar sakandare na Libya sun sace daga makarantu (a Benghazi, [[Tripoli]], da Kudu) ta gwamnati ba tare da yardar ko sanin iyayensu ba. Bayan an fitar da wadannan yara maza daga makarantun su, an ɗora su a kan bas kuma an aika su zuwa Chadi. An kashe wasu daga cikinsu a yaƙi, kuma sojojin Libya sun bar wasu a Chadi. Dubban iyalai sun kasance cikin rikicewa kuma ba su san abin da ya faru da 'ya'yansu maza ba, kuma mafi yawansu ba su sake jin su ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=مشكلة التبو: ما بني وجود, وغياب الدولة يف مثلث تشاد ـ السودان ـ ليبيا |url=https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/SAS-CAR-HSBA-WP43-Chad-Sudan-Libya-Arabic-Web.pdf}}</ref> == Kashewa == Gwamnatin Gaddafi ta shahara ne saboda yawan amfani da kisan gilla a matsayin hukunci ga 'yan Libya waɗanda ko dai suka yi magana game da mulkin, ko kuma suka zauna a kasashen waje kuma sun kasance wadanda Gaddafis ya shafa "kisan jiki" a kan 'yan Libya. Wadannan za su zo ne a cikin hanyar ratayewa ta jama'a da kuma harbe-harbe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libya: April Victims of Gaddafi Madness |url=https://sijill.tripod.com/victims/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=sijill.tripod.com |archive-date=2021-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302201546/https://sijill.tripod.com/victims/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Sadek Hamed Shuwehdy === Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kisan gillar Libya shine kisan Al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy . Sadek dalibi ne na Libya kuma injiniyan jirgin sama wanda ya dawo daga Amurka inda yake karatu, kuma ya shiga cikin zanga-zangar zaman lafiya game da mulkin Gaddafi. An kama shi kuma an tsare shi na watanni da yawa kafin a yanke masa hukunci. Gwamnatin ta lakafta shi a matsayin "mai ta'addanci daga Muslim Brotherhood" don tabbatar da hukuncin da aka yanke masa. Daga nan aka kashe shi a babban filin wasan kwando tare da dubban mutane suna kallon shi daga masu tsayawa, galibi yara waɗanda aka tilasta su halarta a matsayin tafiyar makaranta == Tsabtace kabilanci == Gwamnatin Gaddafi ta shahara ne saboda tsananta wa kabilun da yawa, kamar su [[Abzinawa|Amazigh]], [[Mutanen Toubou|Toubou]], da [[Buzaye|Mutanen Tuareg]]. Tsanantawar ta kasance ta hanyar tsaftace kabilanci, wanda ya haɗa da haramta duk harsunan 'yan asalin ƙasar da rushe ƙauyukan Berber da yawa don maye gurbin su da Larabawa. Gaddafi akai-akai ya bayyana wadannan 'yan tsiraru a matsayin "' ya'yan Shaidan". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Language Log » Berbers in Libya |url=https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3107 |access-date=2024-06-13}}</ref> === Harsuna da al'adu da aka haramta === Gwamnatin ta haramta yaren Amazigh gaba ɗaya tun lokacin da Gaddafi ya gan shi a matsayin "Invention na Imperialist". Ya bayyana cewa duk wanda ke nazarin harshen Amazigh yana shan "madara mai guba daga ƙirjin mahaifiyarsa". An tattara masu gwagwarmayar Berber da mutanen da ke magana da harshen Amazigh a bainar jama'a kuma an daure su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2011 |title=Berber culture reborn in Libya revolt |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE76A4PD/ |publisher=Reuters}}</ref> Waƙoƙin gargajiya na Berber ya sa su cikin matsala. Wadanda ke ƙoƙarin inganta al'adun Amazigh, al'adu da haƙƙoƙi an tsananta musu, an ɗaure su kuma an kashe su. Bayan "juyin juya halin al'adu" na Gaddafi a cikin 1973, gwamnatin ta haramta sunayen Berber gaba ɗaya, kuma an tilasta wa mutane da yawa su ɗauki sunayen Larabci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNHCR Web Archive |url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230517180349/https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b9fb61e7.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=webarchive.archive.unhcr.org}}</ref> A shekara ta 1984, an gabatar da dokar da ta haramta harshe a cikin inganta Larabci. Dokar No. (12) kan hana amfani da harsunan waje da lambobi a duk ma'amaloli sun ba da umarnin amfani da Larabci kawai a cikin jama'a. Daga baya, gwamnatin Gaddafi ta zartar da dokar harshe mai hanawa: Dokar No. (24), wacce ta haramta duk amfani da harshen Amazigh, wanda ya haɗa da haramta sunayen titunan Berber, rubutu a kan motoci, gine-gine, posters, magungunan likita, da sunayen cibiyoyin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bquallen |date=2023-12-20 |title=Gaddafi's Linguistic Genocide in Libya |url=https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/gaddafi-s-linguistic-genocide-in-libya |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=genocidewatch |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/public.ldil.dcaf/lois/17-Law%20No.%20(12)%20of%201984_EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714145423/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/public.ldil.dcaf/lois/17-Law%20No.%20(12)%20of%201984_EN.pdf |archive-date=2024-07-14 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/public.ldil.dcaf/lois/16-Law%20No.%20(24)%20of%202002_EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714115532/https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/public.ldil.dcaf/lois/16-Law%20No.%20(24)%20of%202002_EN.pdf |archive-date=2024-07-14 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com |url-status=live }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2012, harshen Amazigh ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin karatun makaranta a Zuwara da sauran ƙananan garuruwan Berber, sannan aka kara shi zuwa tsarin karatun makarantar Libya a cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-29 |title=ليبيا: عودة اللغة الأمازيغية إلى المدارس بعد حظرها في عهد القذافي لعقود |url=https://www.mc-doualiya.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A/20230329-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B0%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=مونت كارلو الدولية / MCD |language=ar}}</ref> === Gallazawa da Tsare 'Yan Gwagwarmayar Berber === 'Yan gwagwarmayar Berber sun fuskanci gallazawa sosai da kuma tauye 'yancinsu daga gwamnatin Gaddafi. Wasu da dama sun shiga hannun jami'an tsaro inda aka tsare su tare da azabtarwa ko kuma aka kai musu harin kisa. Wasu ma aka tsare su ne kawai saboda suna da littattafai da aka rubuta cikin harshen Tamazight.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=Liam D. |title=Federal solutions for fragile states in the Middle East: right-sizing internal borders |last2=Shannon |first2=Vaughn P. |date=2021 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-1-80061-004-0 |location=New Jersey}}</ref> Said Mahrooq, sanannen mai rajin Berber daga birnin Jadu, ya fuskanci cin zarafi daga 'yan sanda sau da dama da kuma azabtarwa. An gurfanar da shi daga kugu zuwa ƙasa, kuma an karya masa ƙwalwar kai bayan an buge shi da mota a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1979. Wasu 'yan gwagwarmayar Berber sun zargi gwamnatin da shirya wannan hari, duba da yadda jami'an leƙen asirin Libiya suka bi sawunsa sau da yawa kafin wannan yunkurin kisan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SaÏd (Said) Sifaw al-Mah'rouq: Libyan Berber Poet, Linguist & Avtivist |url=https://www.temehu.com/imazighen/said-sifaw-mahrouq.htm |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=www.temehu.com}}</ref> == Azaba == A shekara ta 2011, wasu takardu na sirri da aka gano a Tripoli a ofishin tsohon shugaban leƙen asirin Gaddafi, Moussa Koussa, ta ƙungiyar [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] sun tabbatar da cewa CIA da MI6 sun tura waɗanda ake zargi da ta'addanci zuwa Libya, inda aka ci mutuncinsu ta hanyar azabtarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tripoli documents |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/people-power/2013/12/18/the-tripoli-documents |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-09 |title=Secret Intelligence Documents Discovered in Libya {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/09/09/secret-intelligence-documents-discovered-libya |access-date=2025-01-21 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-03 |title=Files show MI6, CIA link to Gaddafi |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110903-africa-uk-us-files-show-mi6-cia-link-gaddafi-regime |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-03 |title=Libya: Gaddafi regime's US-UK spy links revealed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14774533 |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012, Human Rights Watch ta wallafa rahoto dangane da hirarrakin da ta yi da tsoffin fursunonin Libya guda 14, wanda ya bayyana yadda waɗanda suka ƙi mulkin Gaddafi aka tura su zuwa Libya ba tare da izini ba, inda aka ci gaba da azabtar da su a kurkukun Libya bayan an azabtar da su a cibiyoyin CIA da hanyoyi kamar waterboarding. Wannan ya haɗa da mambobin Ƙungiyar Yaƙin Musulunci ta Libya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pitter |first=Laura |date=2012-09-05 |title=Delivered Into Enemy Hands |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2012/09/05/delivered-enemy-hands/us-led-abuse-and-rendition-opponents-gaddafis-libya |journal=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> A cewar shugaban Ƙungiyar Yaƙin Musulunci ta Libya, Abdel-Hakim Belhaj, shi da abokinsa Sami al-Saadi an azabtar da su a gidan yari na Abu Salim ta hannun masu binciken Libya. Belhaj ya ce an sace shi a [[Bangkok]] a shekara ta 2004 tare da matarsa mai ciki Fatima Boudchar da ƴaƴansu huɗu, kuma ya danganta cafkarsu da bayanan da MI6 ta bayar. Matar Saadi da ƴaƴanta su ma an kama su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibrahim |first=Arwa |title=UK apologises to Libyan dissident over rendition |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/5/10/uk-apologises-to-libyan-dissident-belhaj-over-rendition |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> An tambaye su tambayoyi daga jami’an leƙen asiri na Birtaniya, waɗanda suka yi amfani da bayanan da aka samu ta hanyar azaba domin tsare wasu Libiyawa a ƙasar Birtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Britain's MI6 linked to Libya torture scandal |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/12/18/britains-mi6-linked-to-libya-torture-scandal |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruhfus |first=Juliana |title=Renditions: Inside Libya's Prisons |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/people-power/2013/12/18/renditions-inside-libyas-prisons |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Belhaj ya bayyana cewa an azabtar da shi kuma aka tsare shi na tsawon shekaru 6, matarsa ma an azabtar da ita kafin a sake ta bayan watanni huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libyan rebel free to sue UK over 'torture' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/10/30/libyan-rebel-free-to-sue-uk-over-torture |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-10 |title=Libyan Torture Victims Get Long Overdue Apology From UK {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/05/10/libyan-torture-victims-get-long-overdue-apology-uk |access-date=2025-01-21 |language=en}}</ref> Lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Libya a 2011, an zargi jami’an tsaron Libya da azabtar da mayaƙan tawaye da fararen hula bayan tawaye sun kai hari yankin arewa maso yamma.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=David D. |last2=Chivers |first2=C. J. |date=2011-04-05 |title=Photos Found in Libya Show Abuses Under Qaddafi |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/06/world/africa/06libya.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> A cewar jaridar The Observer, an zargi Gaddafi da bayar da umarni na azabtar da Libiyawa a lokacin yaƙin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stephen |first=Chris |date=2011-06-18 |title=Gaddafi files show evidence of murderous intent |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/18/gaddafi-misrata-war-crime-documents |access-date=2025-01-21 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> == Kashe ba bisa ka'ida ba == === Kisan kare dangi na Gidan Yari na Abu Salim === {{main|Kisan kiyashi a Kurkukun Abu Salim}} Kisan kare dangi na Gidan Yari na Abu Salim ya faru ne a ranar 29 ga Yuni, 1996, inda aka kashe fursunoni 1,270 da aka yankewa hukunci ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libya's notorious Abu Salim prison |url=http://genevalunch.com/blog/2010/03/24/libyas-notorious-abu-salim-prison-to-be-emptied/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711083553/http://genevalunch.com/blog/2010/03/24/libyas-notorious-abu-salim-prison-to-be-emptied/ |archive-date=2011-07-11 |access-date=2010-04-17 |publisher=geneva lunch}}</ref> Kafin kisan, an tilasta wa fursunonin rayuwa a cikin mummunan yanayi, suna cin abinci mara kyau mai dauke da kwari da ciyawa, sunaye da shan ruwa daga kofin daya, rayuwa a cikin dakunan da beraye suka mamaye, da kuma wahala da dukan dutsen da sanduna daga jami'an tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-26 |title=Rising from the shadows of Abu Salim Prison |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/06/rising-shadows-abu-salim-prison/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya sa fursunoni da dama suka kamu da cututtuka masu kisa da zazzabi. Ziyara daga iyalai ma ta kasance da tsauraran matakai.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 October 2011 |title=Libya survivor describes 1996 prison massacre |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2011/10/21/libya-survivor-describes-1996-prison-massacre/ |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abu Salim Prison Massacre with List of the victims names – Human Rights Solidarity |url=https://hrsly.com/en/abu-salim-prison-massacre-with-list-of-the-victims-names/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Victims of Abu Sleem massacre.JPG|thumb|Jami'an Gadafi sun kashe waɗannan]] Wani zanga-zangar fursunoni ya biyo baya sabo da mummunan halin da suke ciki, inda wasu daga cikin fursunonin suka raba abinci. Jami'an tsaro suka bude wuta, suka kashe fursunoni shida da jikkata 20. Wakilan gwamnati da suka hada da Abdullah Senussi suka gana da wakilan fursunoni inda suka nemi kyautata yanayi, kulawa da marasa lafiya, da gudanar da shari'a don tabbatar da rashin laifin wadannan fursunoni. Senussi bai amince a yi shari'ar ba, amma ya yarda da sauran bukatun bayan an sako jami'in tsaro da aka kama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-06-27 |title=Libya: June 1996 Killings at Abu Salim Prison {{!}} Human Rights Watch |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2006/06/27/libya-june-1996-killings-abu-salim-prison |access-date=2024-06-04 |language=en}}</ref> Fursunonin suka yarda. Daran marasa lafiya da wadanda suka jikkata aka ce za a kai su asibiti, aka kai su a cikin bas, ba a sake ganin su ba kuma har yanzu ba a san inda suke ba.<ref name="HRW 2012">{{cite web |date=27 June 2012 |title=Libya: Abu Salim Prison Massacre Remembered |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/27/libya-abu-salim-prison-massacre-remembered |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Washegari, 29 ga Yuni, an tattara fursunoni da dama a cikin harabar gidan yari na tsakiya, kuma an harbe su daga rufin gine-gine. Wadanda suka tsira daga harin farko an kashe su da bindiga daga kusa. Shaidun kisan sun ce sun ji karar harbi na tsawon sa’o’i biyu ba tare da tsayawa ba. An kone gawarwakin, aka ni ƙasusuwa, aka zubar da su cikin teku.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Matar |first1=Hisham |title=The Return |publisher=Vinking Penguin Random House UK / Luchterhand (German translation) |year=2017 |version=German translation |location=London |page=277 (German translation) |orig-year=2016}}</ref> Mulkin Gaddafi ya musanta cewa wannan kisan ya taba faruwa tsawon shekaru.<ref name="HRS Abu Salim">{{cite web |date=29 June 2020 |title=Abu Salim Prison Massacre with List of the victims names |url=https://hrsly.com/en/abu-salim-prison-massacre-with-list-of-the-victims-names/ |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=Human Rights Solidarity}}</ref> === Kisan Yarmuk === {{main|Kisan kiyashi na Yarmuk}} A ranar 23 ga Agusta, 2011, an tsare wasu mutane a wani rumbun kaya da ke unguwar Khalida Ferjan a Salahaddin, kudu da Tripoli, kusa da sansanin sojojin Yarmuk. Wadanda aka tsare, kimanin 153, kusan dukkansu fararen hula ne. Ana dukan su, ana amfani da lantarki a jikin su, a hana su abinci, hatta a yi musu fyade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The massacre of the Yarmouk camp holocaust |url=https://ha-reporter.blogspot.com/2017/06/the-massacre-of-yarmouk-camp-holocaust.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=The massacre of the Yarmouk camp holocaust}}</ref> Jami'an Khamis Brigade suka gudanar da lissafin wadanda aka tsare kuma suka kai hari mai muni. Wadanda suka tsira sun ce an bude wuta daga rufin rumbun kuma an jefa gurneti cikin ginin. Mutane da dama sun mutu a harin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011-08-29 |title=Libya: Evidence Suggests Khamis Brigade Killed 45 Detainees |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/08/29/libya-evidence-suggests-khamis-brigade-killed-45-detainees |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Cousins |first=Michel |date=2012-12-27 |title=Yarmouk camp massacre trials to start in 10 days' time |url=https://libyaherald.com/2012/12/yarmouk-camp-massacre-trials-to-start-in-10-days-time/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=LibyaHerald |language=en-US}}</ref> An gano 53 kashi-kashi a wuri guda, kuma wasu gawarwaki a kabarin da aka tono kadan amma an yi kokarin ɓoye shaidar. Akalla mutane 20 ne suka tsira.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=32nd Brigade Massacre: Evidence of War Crimes |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_Reports/Libya-32nd-Brigade-Massacre.pdf |website=PHR}}</ref> An dauki bidiyo daga wurin harin, inda ake nuna ragowar jikin mutane, yawanci toka ne.<ref name=":1">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHUY5dpKyOA |title=BBC |language=en |access-date=2024-04-09 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grari |first=Tawfiq |title=الإنسانية لا تتجزأ. جريمة محرقة معسكر اليرموك |url=https://twitter.com/tawfiqgrira172/status/1478438076397592583 |website=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9e2IKxNQ36s |title=كنت هناك {{!}} محرقة اليرموك - ليبيا |language=en |access-date=2024-04-09 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> [[File:Picture_of_victims_of_yarmuk.jpg|thumb|Zliten waɗanda suka rasa rayuka a Kisan Kare Dangi na Yarmuk]] Waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan suka bayar da shaidar abubuwan da suka faru. Abdulrahim Ibrahim Bashir, ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira, ya ce ya gudu ta hanyar tsallake bango yayin da masu tsaron ke cika bindigoginsu. Ya ɓoye a cikin wani gida da wasu waɗanda suka tsira, wasu daga cikinsu suna da raunuka. Bayan sun fito daga ɓoye bayan kwana uku, sun ga wuta, suka haɗu da mayakan 'yan tawaye, kuma suka gano wurin kone-kone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-29 |title=Evidence Suggests Khamis Brigade Killed 45 Detainees - Libya |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/evidence-suggests-khamis-brigade-killed-45-detainees |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=29 August 2011 |title=Evidence of Libya detainee massacre: Human Rights Watch |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/evidence-of-libya-detainee-massacre-human-rights-watch |website=NationalPost |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> Abdulrahim ya bayyana yadda ya ga masu tsaro suna kashe waɗanda suka ji rauni, kuma ya gano ɗaya daga cikin masu aikata ta, soja mai suna Ibrahim daga Tajura.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-05 |title=لقاء مع أحد مرتكبي مجزرة معسكر اليرموك |url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/multimedia/2014/02/140205_close_up_libyas_torture_farm_clip4 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=BBC News عربي |language=ar}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya bayar da shaida cewa an tilasta masa ya maimaita Shahada da sunan Gaddafi, yana kiransa da Allah.<ref name=":1" /> == 2011 == === Harbin masu zanga-zangar da ba su dauke da makami === Lokacin da Guguwar Larabawa ta kai ga Libya, dubban 'yan kasar suka fito kan tituna suna neman adalci da 'yanci, da kuma gudanar da zabe na gaskiya da adalci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-20 |title=2011 Libya Civil War Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/20/world/libya-civil-war-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Libyan Revolution and the Rise of Local Power Centres |url=https://www.iemed.org/publication/the-libyan-revolution-and-the-rise-of-local-power-centres/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=www.iemed.org}}</ref> Sojojin gwamnati tare da mayakan haya sun murkushe su da karfi, inda suka harbe daruruwan fararen hula da ba su da makami, har ma da murkushe wasu da tankokin yaki. An kashe daruruwan mutane, ciki har da mata da yara, sannan dubbai suka ji rauni a biranen gabas irin su Benghazi, Al-Beida, Derna da Tobruk. An fara tara gawawwaki a tituna, yayin da asibitoci suka cika da raunatawa masu yawa da wadanda ke dab da mutuwa,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-02-20 |title=Libya unrest: Scores killed in Benghazi 'massacre' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12517327 |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=BBC News}}</ref> yawancin raunukan kuma sun kasance ne saboda harbin bindiga a kai, wuya, da kirji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=تصاعد الاحتجاجات و"مجازر" ببنغازي |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/2/20/%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%8a |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Ganin ido ya bayyana yadda tankoki suka murkushe fararen hula da ke gabansu.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Black |first1=Ian |last2=Bowcott |first2=Owen |date=2011-02-18 |title=Libya protests: massacres reported as Gaddafi imposes news blackout |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/18/libya-protests-massacres-reported |access-date=2024-03-04 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Michael |first1=Maggie |last2=Press |first2=Associated |date=2011-02-19 |title=Nearly 100 killed in Libyan crackdown on unrest |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-nearly-100-killed-in-libyan-crackdown-on-unrest-2011feb19-story.html |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref> Sojojin gwamnati sun hana motocin daukar marasa lafiya shiga domin ceton wadanda aka harba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=اتهامات للأمن بارتكاب مجزرة ببنغازي |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/2/19/%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%8a |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Haka ma lamarin ya faru lokacin da aka yi zanga-zanga a Tripoli domin nuna goyon baya ga Benghazi.<ref>{{Citation |title=طرابلس تقول بالروح بالدم نفديك يا بنغازي | date=23 February 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9u3XPPCfALY |access-date=2024-03-04}}</ref> A cewar Luis Moreno Ocampo, babban mai gabatar da kara na Kotu ta Duniya a wancan lokaci, an kashe fararen hula tsakanin 500 zuwa 700 a watan Fabrairu 2011, kafin mayakan adawa su fara daukar makami.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Simons |first1=Marlise |last2=MacFarquhar |first2=Neil |date=2011-05-04 |title=Hague Court Seeks Warrants for Libyan Officials |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/world/africa/05nations.html?ref=world |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> === Harbe-harbe da bomabamai a yankunan fararen hula === Sojojin Gaddafi sun kai hari da manyan makamai a kusan dukkan birane, inda suka kashe fararen hula da dama ciki har da mata da yara. Gidaje da asibitoci sun sha bomabamai daga sojojin da ke biyayya ga Gaddafi.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 April 2011 |title=Libya: Government Attacks in Misrata Kill Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/04/10/libya-government-attacks-misrata-kill-civilians/ |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Sojojin Gaddafi sun kai farmaki kan motocin fararen hula, inda aka kashe uwa da 'ya'yanta hudu, mafi girma daga cikinsu na da shekara 13.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-22 |title=Rebels battle Gaddafi forces as coalition pursues strikes |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110322-rebels-clash-pro-gaddafi-forces-coalition-third-night-strikes-libya-tripoli-misrata-ajdabiya |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=France 24}}</ref> A Benghazi, an yi amfani da jiragen yaki wajen kai hare-hare kan gidaje a lokacin Yaƙin Benghazi na Biyu. Harbe-harbe sun hallaka mutane da dama ciki har da yara.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nUrxp74Hgg |title=Gaddafi forces approach Benghazi |date=2011-03-19 |last=Al Jazeera English |access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref> A Yafran, sojojin Gaddafi sun yi amfani da rokokin Grad, tankoki da jiragen yaki wajen kai hare-hare kan gine-ginen fararen hula. Likitoci da marasa lafiya sun tsere daga asibitoci saboda yawan hare-haren.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 May 2011 |title=Libya: Rocket Attacks on Western Mountain Towns |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/05/27/libya-rocket-attacks-western-mountain-towns/ |publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> Al-Qalaa ma ta sha mugun hari inda mata da yara da dama suka mutu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-20 |title=Gaddafi troops shell mountain towns |url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/gaddafi-troops-shell-mountain-towns.361510 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Times of Malta}}</ref> Misrata ta fuskanci kunci na watanni 4 daga dakarun Gaddafi. Daruruwan fararen hula sun mutu sakamakon harin gidaje da guraren yin burodi. An yi amfani da bamabaman klasita wadanda doka ta hana,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-04-16 |title=Gaddafi using illegal cluster bombs, rights group says |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110416-gaddafi-forces-using-illegal-cluster-bombs-human-rights-watch-misrata-libya |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=France 24}}</ref> aka harba daruruwan roka a unguwannin birnin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sherwood |first=Harriet |date=2011-04-15 |title=Libya: Gaddafi forces 'using cluster bombs in Misrata' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/15/libya-cluster-bomb-misrata |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Gwamnatin Libya ta karkatar da ruwan najasa zuwa rijiyoyin ruwa na birni, lamarin da ya tilasta dubban mutane su sha ruwan da ya gurbace, wanda ya haddasa cututtuka da barazanar mutuwar mutane da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-24 |title=Libya Live Blog - April 5 {{!}} Al Jazeera Blogs |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/libya-live-blog-april-5 |access-date=2024-06-13 |archive-date=2011-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624084758/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/libya-live-blog-april-5}}</ref> Wannan hali ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da mayakan 'yan tawaye suka kwato birnin. === Fyade ga mata === A lokacin yakin, sojojin Gaddafi sun fuskanci zargi na yin fyade da azabtar da mata da yara. Sama da rahotanni 8,000 na fyade aka bayar, kuma dukkan su ana zargin sojojin Gaddafi ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ليبيات يطالبن بدعم ضحايا الاغتصاب |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2011/11/27/%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%85-%d8%b6%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin matan an tube su tsirara, an yi musu fyade kuma an kashe su a gaban 'yan uwansu maza.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-06-14 |title=Libya rape victims 'face honour killings' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13760895 |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Wasu mayakan haya da aka kama sun bayyana cewa an tilasta musu shiga gidaje, a daure maza, a harbe su sannan su yi wa matan fyade tare da sojojin Gaddafi. {{blockquote|Matan ba su ce komai ba, sun gaji kuma sun raunana saboda jami'ai 20 sun yi musu kafin mu. Lamarin ya faru da safe, ya dauki kusan awa daya da rabi. Jami'an sun kawo rediyo suna sauraron waka, suna shan taba da rawa yayin fyaden. Ina so in jaddada cewa jami'an ne suka tilasta mana yin fyade.||title=Shedar wani mayaki da aka kama<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-05-23 |title=Libya: 'Forced to rape in Misrata' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13502715 |access-date=2024-06-04 |work=BBC News}}</ref>}} Likitar kwakwalwa daga Libya, Siham Sergewa, ta gudanar da bincike mai zurfi wanda ya nuna hotuna da rahotannin azabtar da mata ta hanyar fyade. Ta samu sakamako daga sama da mutane 50,000 da suka amsa tambayoyi a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira. Daga cikin su, mata 295 sun bayar da rahoton fyade, kuma dukkansu sun ce sojojin Gaddafi ne suka aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychologist: Proof of hundreds of rape cases during Libya's war |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/05/23/libya.rape.survey.psychologist/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525101923/http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-23/world/libya.rape.survey.psychologist_1_rebel-stronghold-moammar-gadhafi-questionnaire?_s=PM:WORLD |archive-date=May 25, 2011 |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.cnn.com}}</ref> Matan sun bayar da labaran azaba ciki har da fyade da aka yi musu gaban mazajensu da aka kashe su daga bisani. Sergewa ta mikawa Kotun Duniya bincikenta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-01 |title=Hundreds of women report rapes by Qaddafi forces - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hundreds-of-women-report-rapes-by-qaddafi-forces/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.cbsnews.com}}</ref> == Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5cszz8q5guxqhmeyf84o73lk0jll5jh 0 105467 839340 693875 2026-05-23T14:11:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kimar yawan mutanen da suka mutu a yakin soja na shekarar 2011 a ƙasar Libya ya bambanta, inda kididdiga ke nuna adadi daga 15,000 zuwa 30,000 tsakanin ranar 2 ga Maris da 2 ga watan Oktoba, 2011.<ref name="flee" /> Ba a iya tantance adadi na gaske ba, saboda takunkumin da gwamnatin Libya ta sanya wa kafafen yada labarai. Wasu kididdigar masu taka-tsantsan sun bayyana. Wasu daga cikin kashe-kashen "na iya kai ga laifin cin zarafin ɗan adam" a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya<ref name="UNSC_1970" /> kuma tun daga watan Maris 2011, ana gudanar da bincike a kansu daga Kotun Duniya ta Shari’ar Laifuka.<ref name="ICC_4march" /> == Mutuwar da sojojin gwamnati suka haifar == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairu, [[International Coalition Against War Criminals|Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya da ke Yakin Masu Laifin Yaƙi]] ta ba da kimantawa cewa mutane 519 sun mutu, 3,980 sun ji rauni kuma sama da 1,500 sun ɓace.<ref name="aljazblog22feb">{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2011 |title=Live Blog – Libya Feb&nbsp;22 |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-22 |access-date=February 22, 2011 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Human Rights Watch ta kiyasta cewa an kashe akalla mutane 233 a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu. A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Italiya Franco Frattini ya bayyana cewa bisa ga bayanansa mutane 1,000 sun mutu ya zuwa yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2011 |title=Live Blog – Libya Feb&nbsp;23 |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223065752/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-23 |archive-date=February 23, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, [[Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya|IFHR]] ta ce an kashe sojoji 130 a Benghazi da Bayda, bayan sun tayar da kayar baya kuma sun goyi bayan masu zanga-zangar. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, [[Navi Pillay]], Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya ce rahotanni sun nuna cewa "an kashe dubban mutane ko sun ji rauni". == Mutuwar da sojojin 'yan tawaye suka haifar == Daga cikin jami'an tsaro akwai sama da mutane 1,700 da suka mutu, ciki har da fararen hula da ke goyon bayan gwamnati, wadanda ake zargi da ma'aikata da sojoji na gwamnati. Akwai rahotanni da yawa cewa gwamnati da 'yan adawa sun kashe mambobin tsaro. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, masu zanga-zangar sun rataye 'yan sanda biyu a Benghazi.<ref name="xinhuanet1">{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2011 |title=Two Policemen Hanged in Libya Protests |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-02/19/c_13739109.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223100803/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-02/19/c_13739109.htm |archive-date=February 23, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, a wannan rana, 'yan Afirka baƙi 50, galibi daga [[Cadi|Chadi]], masu zanga-zangar ne suka kashe su a Bayda. An kashe wasu daga cikinsu lokacin da masu zanga-zangar suka ƙone ofishin 'yan sanda inda suka kulle su kuma akalla an kashe 15 a gaban kotun a Bayda. An nuna gawarwakin wasu daga cikinsu kuma an kama su a bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Mercenary Killed in Libya |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6akmd6tfxg |access-date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2011 |title=African Mercenary Killed in Libya 2 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_s91AvXP2XQ&skipcontrinter=1 |access-date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, gwamnati ta tabbatar da cewa an kashe sojoji 111.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libya Says 300 Dead in Violence, Including 111 Soldiers |url=http://www.asianage.com/international/libya-says-300-dead-violence-including-111-soldiers-193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605040505/http://www.asianage.com/international/libya-says-300-dead-violence-including-111-soldiers-193 |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2011 |website=[[The Asian Age]]}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, wani rukuni na sojoji 22 na gwamnati sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere daga sansanin jirgin sama kusa da Derna, wanda mayakan 'yan tawaye suka kewaye shi na kwanaki. A cikin sa'o'i, an kama su duka kuma a ƙarshe an harbe 14 daga cikinsu yayin da sojojin adawa suka rataye na 15. Tsakanin Fabrairu 15 da Mayu 22, an kashe tsoffin masu goyon bayan gwamnati 37 a Benghazi a cikin kisan gillar da wasu kungiyoyin adawa suka yi. Zuwa ƙarshen [[Battle of Sapalapapipa (2011)|Yaƙin Misrata]] (18 ga Fabrairu, 2011 - 15 ga Mayu, 2011), aƙalla 'yan Afirka 27 daga yankin Sahara daga Mali, Nijar ko Chadi, waɗanda ake zargi da kasancewa' yan kwangila, sojojin 'yan tawaye ne suka kashe su. == Mutuwar da sojojin hadin gwiwa suka haifar == Majiyoyin jami'an Libya sun yi iƙirarin cewa akalla tsakanin mutane 64 zuwa 90 ne aka kashe a lokacin bama-bamai a cikin kwanaki biyu na farko na shiga tsakani na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma wasu 150 sun ji rauni. Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Vatican ya yi iƙirarin cewa a Tripoli kadai, akalla fararen hula 40 sun mutu sakamakon yakin fashewar bam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2011 |title="At Least 40 Civilian Deaths in Air Raid on Tripoli," Complains Apostolic Vicar of Tripoli, Repeating the Urgency for a Diplomatic Solution |url=http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=28698&lan=eng |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407035539/http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=28698&lan=eng |archive-date=April 7, 2011 |access-date=March 31, 2011 |publisher=[[Agenzia Fides]]}}</ref> A cewar ofishin Lafiya na Libya, hare-haren jirgin sama sun kashe fararen hula 1,108 kuma sun ji rauni 4,500 a ranar 13 ga Yuli. * A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, hare-haren jiragen sama na NATO sun kashe mayakan 'yan tawaye 14 kuma sun jikkata wasu bakwai a kan gaba a Brega . * A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, rahotanni na labarai sun bayyana cewa 'yan tawaye na NATO sun kashe' yan tawaye 10-13 kuma sun ji rauni 14-22 kusa da garin mai na gabashin Brega.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2011 |title=NATO Checking Report of Air Strike on Libya Rebels |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jv_sNu4z2ePkq1HOS0P_x7-rgNdA?docId=CNG.6f1a3c295003e2f3af5b879590880652.321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606095232/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jv_sNu4z2ePkq1HOS0P_x7-rgNdA?docId=CNG.6f1a3c295003e2f3af5b879590880652.321 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref> * A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, akalla jirgin yaki na NATO ya kai hari kan matsayin sojojin 'yan tawaye na Libya a kusa da birnin Misrata da aka kewaye, inda ya kashe mayakan 12 kuma ya jikkata wasu biyar. * A ranar 13 ga watan Mayu, an yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe [[Liman|Imamai]] 11 na addini kuma wasu 50 sun ji rauni lokacin da harin jirgin saman NATO ya kai hari kan babban taro a Brega suna addu'a don zaman lafiya a cikin rikici na Libya. * A ranar 19 ga Yuni, akalla fararen hula tara sun mutu a wani harin jirgin saman NATO a Tripoli. 'Yan jarida sun ga gawawwakin da aka cire daga ginin da aka rushe. NATO ta amince da cewa tana da alhakin mutuwar fararen hula. * A ranar 20 ga Yuni, gwamnatin Libya ta wancan lokacin, ta yi iƙirarin cewa fararen hula 15 ciki har da yara uku sun mutu ta hanyar harin jirgin saman NATO a kan Sorman. * A ranar 25 ga watan Yulin, an yi ikirarin kashe fararen hula 11 ta hanyar harin jirgin saman NATO a wani asibitin kiwon lafiya a Zliten. * A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin, an kashe 'yan jarida 3 kuma 15 sun ji rauni a hare-haren NATO a kan gidan talabijin na Libya Al-Jamahiriya, wanda ya ci gaba da watsa shirye-shirye bayan hare-harun. * A ranar '''9 ga watan Agusta''', gwamnatin Libya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe fararen hula 85 a hare-haren jirgin saman NATO a kan Majer, ƙauyen da ke kusa da Zliten. Wani mai magana da yawun NATO ya tabbatar da cewa sun jefa bam a Zliten a ranar 8 da 9 ga watan Agusta, amma ya ce bai iya tabbatar da wadanda suka mutu ba. Gwamnatin Libya ta ayyana kwanaki uku na makoki na kasa. Daga baya aka kai 'yan jarida asibiti inda suka ga aƙalla gawawwakin 30 ciki har da gawarwakin akalla yara biyu. Gwamnatin Libya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kai gawarwakin wasu da aka kashe a hare-haren sama zuwa wasu asibitoci. Kwamandan aikin soja na NATO a Libya, Lieutenant Janar Charles Bouchard ya ce "Ba zan iya gaskata cewa fararen hula 85 sun kasance ba lokacin da muka kai hari da sassafe, kuma an ba da bayananmu. Amma ba zan iya tabbatar muku da cewa babu wani ba". * A ranar 2 ga Maris, 2012, bayan kammala tashin hankali, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar da cikakken rahoto wanda ya kammala cewa a cikin jimlar fararen hula 60 ne aka kashe kuma 55 suka ji rauni ta yakin jirgin saman NATO. == Matsayi na Shari'a == A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2011, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNSC) ta bayyana a cikin Ƙudurin UNSC na 1970, "harin da aka yi a halin yanzu a Jamahiriya ta Larabawa a kan fararen hula na iya zama laifuka ga bil'adama" <ref name="UNSC_1970">{{Cite journal |date=February 26, 2011 |title=Resolution 1970 (2011) |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/081A9013-B03D-4859-9D61-5D0B0F2F5EFA/0/1970Eng.pdf |url-status=live |publisher=[[United Nations Security Council]] (via [[International Criminal Court]]) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516162124/http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/081A9013-B03D-4859-9D61-5D0B0F2F5EFA/0/1970Eng.pdf |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> kuma ta kira "yanayin" a Libya tun daga ranar 15 ga Fabraira, zuwa Kotun hukunta mutane ta Duniya (ICC), <ref name="UNSC_1970" /> kotun dindindin wacce a halin yanzu za ta iya gurfanar da mutane saboda [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]], laifuka da bil'adadama ko [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]]. A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, ICC ta sanya bincike kan lamarin ga Chamber I, wanda ya kunshi Alkalin Cuno Tarfusser daga [[Italiya]], Alkalin Sylvia Steiner daga [[Brazil]] da Alkalin [[Sanji Mmasenono Monageng]] daga [[Botswana]].<ref name="ICC_4march">{{Cite web |last= |date=March 7, 2011 |title=Situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Assigned to Pre-Trial Chamber I |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/pr634 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403035242/http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/pr634 |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |access-date=August 14, 2011 |publisher=[[International Criminal Court]]}}</ref> Sakataren Janar na NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen ya bayyana a ranar 28 ga watan Maris cewa NATO ba ta nuna son kai kuma ta fassara sharuddan UNSC Resolution 1973 kan kare fararen hula don amfani da su ga 'yan tawaye da sojojin gwamnati. BBC ta bayyana cewa "yan tawaye sun ji cewa suna da 'mahimmanci' game da aikin NATO, [yi imani] cewa kasashen yamma sun shiga su a cikin kamfen ɗin canjin mulki. " Sakatare Janar na NATO ya bayyana yiwuwar NATO za ta kai farmaki ga sojojin 'yan tawaye waɗanda ke jefa fararen hula cikin haɗari a matsayin "tunanin" a ranar hira. == Jerin lokutan mutuwar da aka ruwaito a kowane taron == === Mutuwar mayaƙa === ===Rasa rayukan masu yaƙi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !!data-sort-type="date"|Kwanan wata !!data-sort-type="number"|Asarar adawar !!data-sort-type="number"|Asarar gwamnati !!Bayanin |- |16 Fabrairu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Roujdane.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.ipotnews.com/index.php?level2=newsandopinion&level3=&level4=LIFESTYLE&news_id=435902&group_news=ALLNEWS&taging_subtype=LIBYA&popular=&search=y&q=LIFESTYLE | publisher = Ipotnews |title=First Rebel To Die in Libya's West Now A Hero|date=March 2, 2011}}</ref> |- |17–20 Fabrairu |332–479 |163 |Farkon Yaƙin Benghazi |- |17–25 Fabrairu |300–700 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Farfadowar tarzoma a Tripoli |- |17 Fabrairu |4–10 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Ajdabiya.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/17/libya-day-of-rage-unrest | work= The Guardian | author = Ian Black | title=Libya's day of rage met by bullets and loyalists | date=February 17, 2011 | location=London}}</ref> |- |18 Fabrairu |2 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Qubah.<ref>[http://www.inewsone.com/2011/02/19/27-dead-in-fresh-protests-in-libya-opposition/29598 27 dead in fresh protests in Libya: Opposition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030220/http://www.inewsone.com/2011/02/19/27-dead-in-fresh-protests-in-libya-opposition/29598 |date=July 13, 2011 }}. News One. February 19, 2011</ref> |- |18 Fabrairu – 15 Mayu |366 |358 |Yaƙin Misurata (2011) |- |20 Fabrairu |4 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Tobruk.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-protests-tobruk-idUKTRE71M0CO20110223 | work=Reuters | title=Exclusive – Tobruk celebrates, Libya's east abandons Gaddafi | date=February 23, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |20 Fabrairu |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Zintan.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/23/world/la-fg-libya-zintan-20110423/2 | title=Libyan rebels firmly in control in mountainous west | date=April 23, 2011 | work=Los Angeles Times | author=Daragahi, Borzou | access-date=April 25, 2011 | archive-date=July 8, 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708144939/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/23/world/la-fg-libya-zintan-20110423/2 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |20 Fabrairu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Zuwara.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/27/libya-fewer-police-abuses-zuwara-under-control-anti-government-forces "Libya: Fewer Police Abuses in Zuwara, Under Control of Anti-government Forces"]. Human Rights Watch (February 27, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |21 Fabrairu – 22 Mayu |Ba a ruwaito ba |37 |Kisan fansa ga masu goyon baya a Benghazi.<ref name="newser.com"/> |- |21 Fabrairu |15 |3 |Yan tawaye sun kwace filin jirgin saman La Abraq a Bayda.<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e6f2d952.html The Battle for Libya: Killings, Disappearances and Torture]</ref> |- |22–24 Fabrairu |9 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Gharyan.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jpgW3kiNEY&skipcontrinter=1 "Libyan Soldiers Executed by Foreign African Mercenaries for Refusing to Kill Civilians (Feb. 2011)"]. YouTube (February 22, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://feb17.info/media/protesting-continues-during-funeral-procession-in-gharyan-feb-24-2/ "Protesting Continues During Funeral Procession of Gharyan Martyr (Feb. 24)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312012948/http://feb17.info/media/protesting-continues-during-funeral-procession-in-gharyan-feb-24-2/ |date=March 12, 2012 }}. Feb17.info (February 25, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |23 Fabrairu |2 |15 |Kwato da kisa mayaƙan gwamnati a Derna.<ref name="GlobeAndMail_110401"/> |- |24 Fabrairu – 10 Maris |151 |65 |Farkon Yaƙin Zawiya |- |26 Fabrairu |22 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kwato da kisa mayaƙan 'yan tawayen a Sirte.<ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/26/AR2011022602622_2.html?sid=ST2011022602703 |title=Rebel Army May Be Formed as Tripoli Fails To Oust Gaddafi | newspaper = The Washington Post |date= February 27, 2011|access-date= February 28, 2011 |author1=Fadel, Leila |author2=Sly, Liz |author3=Faiola, Anthony }}</ref> |- |Karshen Fabrairu |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Hari kan sansanin soja a Gariyat.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/09/18/general-ml-libya-desert-revolutions_8686135.html Libya revolution filters slowly to desert towns]{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |1 Maris – 18 Agusta |517–534 |397 |Kamfen ɗin tsaunukan Nafusa (2011) |- |1 Maris – 20 Yuli |27 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Yaƙi a kan iyakar Aljeriya-Libya.<ref>[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Algeria-claims-7-foreign-terrorists-killed-20110720 Algeria claims 7 foreign terrorists killed]. Associated Press (July 20, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |2 Maris |14 |2–10 |Farkon Yaƙin Brega |- |4–12 Maris |71–81 |4–27 |Yaƙin Ra's Lanuf |- |4 Maris |34–100 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Fashewar ɗakin makamai a Benghazi.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world/view/1114628/1/.html "Gaddafi Forces Accused of 'Massacre' as Battles Rage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812100854/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world/view/1114628/1/.html |date=August 12, 2017 }}. Channel NewsAsia (March 6, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/03/libya-toll-in-rajmeh-arms-depot-explosions-near-benghazi-may-be-as-high-as-100-.html | work=Los Angeles Times|title=Libya: Toll in Rajmeh Arms Depot Explosions Near Benghazi May Be as High as 100 |date= March 5, 2011}}</ref> |- |6 Maris |182–230 |1 |Yaƙin Bin Jawad |- |13–15 Maris |7 |25 |Farkon Yaƙin Brega na biyu |- |14 Maris |7 |16 |Gwamnati ta sake mamaye Zuwara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/fight-sabratha_590281.html?nopager=1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105164943/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/fight-sabratha_590281.html?nopager=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 5, 2013|title=The Fight for Sabratha|date= August 16, 2011 | publisher = The Weekly Standard}}</ref> |- |15–26 Maris |136 |41 |Yaƙin Ajdabiya |- |15 Maris |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Jirgin yakin 'yan tawayen ya yi hatsari.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=439x656425|title=Photo: Pilot Mohammed Mokhtar Osman Who Crashed into Baab Al Aziziyah|date= March 15, 2011 | publisher = Democratic Underground}}</ref> |- |17 Maris |Ba a ruwaito ba |1–2 |Hari da jiragen rundunar soji suka kai kan filin jirgin saman soja Benghazi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cf-18-jets-to-help-enforce-libya-no-fly-zone-1.1003364|title=Gadhafi Forces Bombing Benghazi: Witnesses|date= March 17, 2011 | publisher = CBC News}}</ref> |- |18 Maris |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Farkon Yaƙin Zuwetina.<ref name="As it happened: Libya crisis">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12776418|title=As It Happened: Libya Crisis|date= March 18, 2011 | work = BBC News}}</ref> |- |19–20 Maris |261 |27–30 |Yaƙin Benghazi na biyu |- |20 Maris |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan dan fafutukar 'yan tawayen a Benghazi.<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/writing-on-wall-for-street-artist/story-e6frg6so-1226028339330 "Writing on Wall for Street Artist"]. The Australian (March 25, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |22–24 Maris |Ba a ruwaito ba |19–28 |Harin jiragen soji na haɗin gwiwa a Tripoli.<ref>Brigade commander killed (March 22),[http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/live-blog-libya-march-22#] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324193103/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/live-blog-libya-march-22 |date=March 24, 2011 }} 9 killed/rebel claim (March 23),{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121122073420/http://archive.libyafeb17.com/2011/03/march-23-updates/]}} 18 killed (March 23/24)[http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/west-hits-libya-fifth-time-4085889?ref=rss_world]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, total of 19–28 reported killed</ref> |- |26–30 Maris |12 |7 |Farkon harin Bahar Sidra |- |28 Maris |1 |Ba a ruwaito |Kisan wanda aka kama na 'yan tawayen a Sirte.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/17/gadaffi-torturers-kindness-sirte|title=Saved from Gaddafi's Torturers – By a Simple Gesture of Kindness|date= April 17, 2011 |work= The Guardian| author = Chris McGreal|location=London}}</ref> |- |31 Maris – 7 Afrilu |46–49 |28 |Yaƙin Brega na uku |- |3 Afrilu – 15 Yuni |25 |3 |Kamfen dazuzzukan Gabashin Libya |- |8 Afrilu – 13 Yuli |75–87 |94–95 |Yaƙin kan titin Brega–Ajdabiya |- |17 Afrilu |Ba a ruwaito ba |20 |Hari kan hedkwatar soja a Zawiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://townhall.com/news/us/2011/04/19/misrata_shelled_again,_casualties_seen|title=Misrata Shelled Again, Casualties Seen|date= April 19, 2011 | publisher = townhall.com}}</ref> |- |4 Mayu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Dan tawayen ya mutu sanadiyar raunuka a Benghazi.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/05/libya_rebellion_continues.html| title=Libya: rebellion continues|newspaper= The Boston Globe|date= 16 May 2011|access-date= 7 November 2013}}</ref> |- |12 Mayu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Wani mayaƙan haya dan Faransa ya mutu a Benghazi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/africa/2011/05/20115139534241170.html|title=Libyan Rebels Seek US Recognition|date= May 13, 2011 | publisher = Al Jazeera English}}</ref> |- |16 Mayu – 19 Agusta |435 |522–532 |Yaƙin layin gaba a Misurata |- |28 Mayu |12 |3 |Dakile zanga‑zangar adawa a Bani Walid.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/08/18/libya-10-protesters-apparently-executed Libya: 10 Protesters Apparently Executed]</ref> |- |29 Mayu |2 |3 |Dakile zanga‑zangar adawa a Tripoli.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110603093229/http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE74T1UA20110530 "Activist Video Shows Big Anti-Gaddafi Protest in Tripoli"]. Reuters (May 30, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref><ref name="hosted2.ap.org">[http://hosted2.ap.org/IDMOS/e0478123c3cf489bb836130ffdbd2b5f/Article_2011-06-15-ML-Libya-The-Tripoli-Opposition/id-30116dd699494a389a546b85291540f9 "Libyans Chafe Under Gadhafi's Rule in Tripoli"]. Associated Press (September 17, 2009). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |May |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisa 'yan tawayen fursuna a Khoms.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14752785 Libyans celebrate their freedom as they mourn the dead]</ref> |- |May |40 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan 'yan tawayen fursuna kusa da Tripoli.<ref>[http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/04/02/mass-grave-found-at-bab-al-azizya/ Mass grave found at Bab Al-Azizya]</ref> |- |2 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |2 |Harin NATO a Aziziya.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022541/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/06/02/libya.war/ "More NATO Strikes Hit Libya"]. CNN. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |7 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Harin NATO a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-06-07-libya-tripoli-airstrikes_n.htm "Gadhafi Defiant in Face of Heaviest NATO Airstrikes in Libya"]. USA Today. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |9–16 Yuni |22 |12 |Tashin Zliten |- |11–12 Yuni |30 |2 |Farmakin Zawiya |- |11 Yuni |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Tashin Sabha (2011) |- |13 Yuni |6 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Yaki a arewacin Zawiya.<ref>[http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/161729/20110613/libyan-rebels-receiving-arms-from-qatar-and-tunisians-colonel-gaddafi.htm "Libyan Rebels Receiving Arms from Qatar and Tunisians?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003074715/http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/161729/20110613/libyan-rebels-receiving-arms-from-qatar-and-tunisians-colonel-gaddafi.htm |date=October 3, 2011 }}. International Business Times (June 13, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |16 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Hari kan sintiri a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/18/world/africa/18libya.html?ref=africa "In Libya, More Novice Soldiers in Defense of Qaddafi"]. The New York Times.</ref> |- |17 Yuni |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Dakile zanga‑zangar adawa a Tripoli.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110624213653/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/06/19/libya.voices/index.html?iref=allsearch "What's Really Going On in Gadhafi's Tripoli?"]. CNN. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |18 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Harbin mugun harbi daga masu ɗabi’ar 'yan tawayen a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/world/africa/21libya.html "Libyan Media Minders Nervous After Guard Death"]. The New York Times.</ref> |- |19 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |4 |Harin NATO a Sabha.<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0620/breaking61.html "Nato Admits Libya Bombing Error"]. The Irish Times. June 30, 2011.</ref> |- |23 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |9 |Harin NATO kusa da Zliten.<ref>[http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/world/article/nato-chief-says-alliance-will-finish-job-in-libya/ "Nato Chief Says Alliance Will Finish Job in Libya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712181838/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/world/article/nato-chief-says-alliance-will-finish-job-in-libya/ |date=July 12, 2011 }}. The Malaysian Insider (June 24, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |13 Yuli – 22 Agusta |144 |42 |Yaƙin Brega na huɗu |- |17 Yuli – 27 Satumba |28 |51 |Kamfen Fezzan |- |22 Yuli |Ba a ruwaito ba |6 |Harin NATO a tsibirin bututun mai kudu da Brega.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-strike-idUSTRE76L5I020110722?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews "Libya Says Six Killed in Airstrike Near Brega"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154310/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/22/us-libya-strike-idUSTRE76L5I020110722?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews |date=September 24, 2015 }}. Reuters. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |24–26 Yuli |Ba a ruwaito ba |7 |Hare-haren NATO a Zliten.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/07/25/libya.fighting/index.html?eref=rss_world "Libya's Zlitan Increasingly in Rebel, NATO Sights"]. CNN.</ref> |- |28 Yuli |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan kwamandan 'yan tawayen a Benghazi.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14336122 "Libyan Rebel Commander Abdel Fattah Younes Killed"]. BBC News.</ref> |- |29 Yuli |4 |5 |Harbin magoya bayan gwamnati a gidan gyara a Benghazi.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8675874/Libyan-rebels-step-up-purge-against-Gaddafi-loyalists.html "Libyan Rebels Step Up Purge Against Gaddafi Loyalists"]. The Daily Telegraph.</ref> |- |31 Yuli |3–6 |4–11 |Hari kan mafakar magoya baya a Benghazi.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/world/africa/01libya.html#h&#91;AwtSti&#93; "Benghazi Clash Exposes Cracks in Rebel Ranks"]. The New York Times.</ref><ref>[http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/gaddafi-cell-routed-by-libyan-rebels-20110801-1i6t7.html "Gaddafi cell routed by Libyan rebels"]. The Sydney Morning Herald.</ref><ref>[http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/rebels-clash-with-gaddafi-loyalists-in-rebel-held-east "Rebels clash with Gaddafi loyalists in rebel-held east"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609140119/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/rebels-clash-with-gaddafi-loyalists-in-rebel-held-east |date=June 9, 2012 }}. Reuters (via AlertNet).</ref> |- |4 Agusta |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Tashin Msallata (2011) |- |13–28 Agusta |95 |95 |Hari na bakin teku na 'yan tawayen 2011 |- |20–28 Agusta |1,700 |128 |Yaƙin Tripoli (2011) |- |23 Agusta – 20 Oktoba |437 |236–903 |Farkon harin Bahar Sidra na biyu |- |28 Agusta |Ba a ruwaito ba |5 |Harin NATO a Taruna.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/story/876826/rebels-gaddafis-son-killed-in-air-strike Rebels: Gaddafi's Son 'Killed In Air Strike']</ref> |- |28 Agusta |Ba a ruwaito ba |20 |Harin NATO a Bani Walid.<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/muamar-gaddafis-town-of-bani-walid-ready-to-surrender/story-e6frg6so-1226131676702 Muammar Gaddafi's town of Bani Walid ready to surrender]</ref> |- |29 Agusta |153 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Gano shafin kisa ga 'yan sojoji masu tawaye a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14709896 Libya conflict: Gaddafi family 'flee to Algeria']</ref> |- |3 Satumba |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan wani ɗan tawayen da ya kauce a Tripoli.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gadhafi loyalists given one more week to surrender |website=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404182709/https://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/09/03/libya.war/index.html |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |url-status=live |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/09/03/libya.war/index.html}}</ref> |- |4 Satumba |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Harin NATO kusa da Tripoli.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/04/exclusive-abandoned-liby_n_948345.html Exclusive: abandoned Libyan missile: a gift to militants?]</ref> |- |4–18 Satumba |10 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Hatsarin makamai tsakanin 'yan tawayen a Tripoli.<ref name="nytimes.com">[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/18/world/africa/fighters-capture-qaddafi-redoubts-except-when-they-dont.html Anti-Qaddafi Forces Capture, Then Lose, Last Redoubts]</ref> |- |8 Satumba – 17 Oktoba |85–91 |7–9 |Yaƙin Bani Walid |- |11 Satumba |12 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Fadan ƙungiyoyi tsakanin 'yan tawayen a tsaunukan Nafusa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tripolipost.com/articledetail.asp?c=1&i=6884 |title=Reports: Infighting Between Libyan Rebels Kills 12 |access-date=September 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913022919/http://tripolipost.com/articledetail.asp?c=1&i=6884 |archive-date=September 13, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |12 Satumba |15–17 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Ra's Lanuf farmaki |- |24 Satumba |9–11 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Ghadames farmaki |- |4–11 Oktoba |10 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Fadan ƙungiyoyi tsakanin 'yan tawayen a Zuwara.<ref name="online.wsj.com">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904563904576585920346901758 Camels, Minority Rights Spur Battle in Libya]</ref> |- |14 Oktoba |1 |2 |Fadan a Tripoli.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120607172128/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAL5E7KT4YC20111014 Gaddafi gunmen, government forces clash in Libyan capital]</ref> |} An ruwaito cewa an kashe akalla fararen hula 5,637 zuwa 7,046 zuwa ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2011. Duk da haka, wasu fararen hula sun kuma mutu a lokacin Yakin Benghazi na biyu da kuma yayin yakin da aka yi a tsaunukan Nafusa, don haka yawan mutanen da suka mutu na iya kasancewa mafi girma. Hakanan, adadin fararen hula da aka ruwaito an kashe su a cikin harin sama na NATO na iya zama ƙasa da yadda aka bayyana, domin an tabbatar da cewa wasu daga cikin yawan mutanen da gwamnati ta bayyana da suka mutu a hare-haren daban-daban sun kasance masu yawa fiye da gaskiya. {{citation needed|date=October 2013}} === Jimillar mutuwar === A ƙarshe, bisa ga lambobin da aka gabatar, an ruwaito mutuwar mutane 14,572 zuwa 18,873, inda wasu ba a tabbatar da su ba. 'Yan adawa sun bayyana kusa da ƙarshen yaƙin cewa mutane 25,000 sun mutu<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/residents-flee-gaddafi-hometown-20111003-1l49x.html |title=Residents flee Gaddafi hometown |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=October 3, 2011 |access-date=October 28, 2011|agency=Agence France-Presse|first1=Rory|last1=Mulholland|first2=Jay|last2=Deshmukh}}</ref> kuma 4,000 an ruwaito sun ɓace.<ref name="atleast30000"/> A watan Janairu 2013, sabuwar gwamnatin Libya, bisa ga bayanan da ake ci gaba da dubawa, ta kimanta cewa adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya fi ƙaranci fiye tsammani a baya, inda 4,700 daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu suka kasance mayaƙan 'yan tawayen, adadi makamancin haka na sojojin goyon bayan gwamnati da wani adadi da ba a fayyace ba na fararen hula. An kiyasta cewa 2,100 daga cikin 'yan tawaye da sojojin gwamnati sun ɓace.<ref name="revolutioncasualties"/> Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, wanda ke tattara bayanan duk mutuwar da aka ruwaito sakamakon tashin hankali na siyasa a nahiyar Afirka, ta lissafa mutuwar 6,109 daga 15 ga Fabrairu zuwa 23 ga Oktoba 2011, inda 1,319 suka mutu kafin NATO ta fara kai hari.<ref name="ACLED">{{cite web|title=ACLED Version 5 (1997–2014)|url=http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|publisher=Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-date=May 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522071642/http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alan Kuperman, farfesa a Jami'ar Austin, ya ƙididdige cewa kusan 'yan Libya 1,000, ciki har da fararen hula, 'yan tawaye da sojoji, sun mutu tsakanin fara tawaye a tsakiyar Fabrairu da farawar hari daga NATO a tsakiyar Maris.<ref name="Kuperman">{{cite journal|last1=Kuperman|first1=Alan|title=Obama's Libya Debacle|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143044/alan-j-kuperman/obamas-libya-debacle|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=August 14, 2019 |volume=March/April 2015}}</ref> Uppsala Conflict Data Program, wata hanyar jama’a don samun bayanai game da nau’o’in tashin hankali da aka shirya (misali: masu hannu, asarar rayuka, rana, wuri, da sauransu), ta bayyana cewa daga 1,914 zuwa 3,466 mutane sun mutu a lokacin faɗan shekarar 2011.<ref name="UCDP">{{cite web |url=http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |title=Uppsala conflict data program, Libya, Libya: government (entire conflict), viewed April 2013 |publisher=Ucdp.uu.se |access-date=2013-10-02 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023419/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hakanan bayanansu ya nuna cewa daga 152 zuwa 168 fararen hula an kashe su da gangan daga hannun rundunar Gaddafi a shekara ta 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |title=Uppsala conflict data program, Libya, 2011, viewed April 2013 |publisher=Ucdp.uu.se |access-date=2013-10-02 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023419/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani bincike a cikin mujallar African Journal of Emergency Medicine a watan Satumba 2015 ya gano cewa mutane 21,490 sun mutu tsakanin Fabrairu 2011 zuwa Fabrairu 2012 sakamakon mutuwar kai tsaye (mutane da suka mutu a lokacin faɗa) da kuma mutuwar kai tsaye (lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da ƙaruwa na mutuwar jama’a).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Daw |first=Mohamed A. |last2=El-Bouzedi |first2=Abdallah |last3=Dau |first3=Aghnaya A. |date=2015-09-01 |title=Libyan armed conflict 2011: Mortality, injury and population displacement |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X15000348 |journal=African Journal of Emergency Medicine |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=101–107 |doi=10.1016/j.afjem.2015.02.002 |issn=2211-419X|doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Jimillar mutuwa== Jimillar adadin mutanen da suka mutu sun haɗa da masu zanga-zanga, masu dauke da makamai, da fararen hula: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tushe !! data-sort-type="number"|Asarar rayuka a Libya !! data-sort-type="usLongDate"|Lokacin da aka yi |- valign=top |'''World Health Organization''' |'''2,000''' sun mutu<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/world/86090/libya-death-toll-war-qadaffi |title=Why Isn't There an Accurate Death Count in Libya? |publisher=The New Republic |date=2011-04-01 |access-date=2020-06-04}}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 2 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''International Federation for Human Rights''' |'''3,000''' sun mutu<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news |author= Adams, Richard |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2011/mar/10/libya-uprising-gaddafi-live#block-15 |title= Libya Uprising – Thursday 10 March | work= The Guardian |date= 10 ga Maris, 2011 |access-date= 19 ga Maris, 2011 |location= London}}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 5 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Libyan League for Human Rights''' |'''6,000''' sun mutu<ref name="autogenerated2b">{{cite news |url= http://www.sify.com/news/at-least-3-000-dead-in-libya-rights-group-news-international-ldcxkhgggdh.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110812003947/http://www.sify.com/news/at-least-3-000-dead-in-libya-rights-group-news-international-ldcxkhgggdh.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 12 ga Agusta, 2011 |title=Aƙalla 3,000 sun mutu a Libya: Kungiyar kare haƙƙi | website= Sify News |date= 2 ga Maris, 2011 |access-date= 3 ga Maris, 2011}}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 5 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Alan Kuperman''' |'''1,000''' sun mutu<ref name="Kuperman" /> |15 ga Fabrairu – 15 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''National Transitional Council''' |'''10,000''' sun mutu<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jafrianews.com/2011/04/28/libya-and-yemen-interference-may-take-us-in-direct-war-with-russia-china/ |title=Libya and Yemen Interference may take US in direct War with Russia & China |access-date=2 ga Nuwamba, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118044038/http://jafrianews.com/2011/04/28/libya-and-yemen-interference-may-take-us-in-direct-war-with-russia-china/ |archive-date=18 ga Nuwamba, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 12 ga Afrilu, 2011 |- valign=top |'''UN Human Rights Council''' |'''10,000–15,000''' sun mutu<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-un-deaths-idUSTRE7584UY20110609 "Har 15,000 sun mutu a yaƙin Libya: Masanin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006100445/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/09/us-libya-un-deaths-idUSTRE7584UY20110609 |date=6 ga Oktoba, 2015 }}. Reuters.</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 9 ga Yuni, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Al Jazeera English''' |'''13,000''' sun mutu<ref name="english.aljazeera.net">Staff (18 ga Yuni, 2011). [http://english.aljazeera.net/video/africa/2011/06/20116189013152634.html "’Yan tawayen Libya sun ci gaba da matsa zuwa Tripoli – Faɗa ta ɓarke a Nalut, arewa maso yammacin ƙasar, kwana ɗaya bayan ’yan tawayen sun ce sun karɓi wani yanki a yamma da Misurata"]. Al Jazeera English. An dawo da shi 14 ga Agusta, 2011.</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 18 ga Yuni, 2011 |- valign=top |'''National Transitional Council''' |'''30,000''' sun mutu<ref name="atleast30000">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/9835879 Hasashen Libya: Aƙalla 30,000 sun mutu a yaƙin]</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 8 ga Satumba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''National Transitional Council''' |'''25,000''' sun mutu<ref name="flee">[http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/residents-flee-gaddafi-hometown-20111003-1l49x.html Mazauna sun tsere daga garin haihuwar Gaddafi]</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 2 ga Oktoba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Zeidan Cabinet''' |'''9,400''' sun mutu<ref name="revolutioncasualties"/> |15 ga Fabrairu – 23 ga Oktoba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''ACLED''' |'''6,109''' sun mutu<ref name="ACLED"/> |15 ga Fabrairu – 23 ga Oktoba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''UCDP''' |'''2,082''' sun mutu<ref name="UCDP"/> |Shekarar 2011 |} == Mutane masu fice da suka mutu, suka bace, da sauran al'amura == * Ali Hassan al-Jaber, ɗan jarida daga Qatar a Al Jazeera, an kashe shi * Mohammed Nabbous, ɗan jarida ɗan Libiya kuma wanda ya kafa Libya Alhurra TV, an kashe shi * Kais al-Hilali, ɗan Libiya mai zane-zanen siyasa da ya shahara wajen yin zanen bangon adawa da Gaddafi, an kashe shi * Tim Hetherington, ɗan asalin Birtaniya-Amurka mai ɗaukar hoton labarai, an kashe shi<ref name="Two photojournalists killed">{{cite news|title=Two Photojournalists Killed in Libyan City of Misrata|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13151490|access-date=April 21, 2011| work = BBC News|date=April 21, 2011}}</ref> * Chris Hondros, ɗan asalin Amurka mai ɗaukar hoton labarai, an kashe shi<ref name="Two photojournalists killed"/> * Ahmed Eyzert, injiniya da ya gano kuma ya tsara dabarar amfani da hoton tauraron Google Earth tare da lamba don inganta daidaiton harbin bindiga, an kashe shi<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/google-points-way-for-libyan-rebel-artillery-in-fight-against-gaddafi/story-fn7ycml4-1226076662239 "Google Points Way for Libyan Rebel Artillery in Fight Against Gaddafi"]. ''The Australian'' (June 17, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> * Saif al-Arab Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi tare da wasu jikokin Gaddafi a cikin harin NATO * Iman al-Obeidi, ɗalibar digiri na biyu daga Libiya mai karatun dokoki, rahoton fyade da martani daga gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai * Rana Akbani, ɗan jarida daga Syria da aka tsare daga Maris 28 zuwa Afrilu 14<ref>[http://shabablibya.org/news/journalists-under-attack-in-libya-the-tally "Journalists Under Attack in Libya: The Tally"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827024445/http://shabablibya.org/news/journalists-under-attack-in-libya-the-tally |date=August 27, 2011 }}. Shabablibya.org. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> * Anton Hammerl, ɗan daukar hoto daga Afirka ta Kudu, ya bace kuma ana kyautata zaton an kashe shi a ranar Afrilu 5<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/20/anton-hammerl-dead-photoj_n_864577.html| title=Anton Hammerl Dead: Photojournalist Killed In Libya| newspaper=Seattle Post-Intelligencer| date= 20 May 2011| access-date= 7 November 2013}}</ref> * Manu Brabo, ɗan daukar hoto daga Spain, yana tsare a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18<ref>{{cite news|title=No Word on Fate of Hammerl|url=http://www.thestar.co.za/no-word-on-fate-of-hammerl-1.1070736|access-date=May 18, 2011|date=May 18, 2011}}</ref> * James Foley, ɗan jarida daga Amurka a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18 * Clare Morgana Gillis, 'yar jarida daga Amurka a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18 * Nigel Chandler, ɗan jarida daga Birtaniya da aka saki daga tsare a ranar Mayu 18 * Khamis Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi lokacin da motarsa ta lalace a ranar Agusta 29 * Muammar Gaddafi, shugaban Libiya daga 1969–2011, an kashe shi a garin haihuwarsa na Sirte a ranar Oktoba 20 * Mutassim Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi tare da mahaifinsa a ranar Oktoba 20 == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lyq0aah43dbf2zwhjw69a63qvzaltfi 0 105895 839621 661691 2026-05-24T09:38:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dobara''' abinci ne mai ɗanɗano na Aljeriya, wanda aka shirya tare da chickpeas da wake mai faɗi kuma an zubar da shi da man zaitun.<ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Une brèche pour la doubara |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/23464 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Djazairess }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Asalinsa daga garin Biskra a [[Aljeriya]], ana cinye shi gabaɗaya a cikin hunturu a gabashin ƙasar, musamman a El Oued, Batna, Khenchela, Aïn M'lila, [[Constantine, Aljeriya|Constantine]] da [[Jelfa|Djelfa]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boumedine |first=Rachid Sidi |date=2022-12-01 |title=Cuisines traditionnelles d'Algérie: l'art d'accommoder l'histoire et la géographie |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/ame/17/2/ame170204.xml |journal=Anthropology of the Middle East |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=48–63 |doi=10.3167/ame.2022.170204 |issn=1746-0719 |s2cid=252963908 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Accueil |url=https://www.infosoir.com/ |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Infosoir.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Tarihi == An halicci Dobara kafin fara rikicin Aljeriya, kuma daga baya ya zama abincin 'yan tawaye na Aljeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Doubara, le roi des mets… |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/19679 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Djazairess |archive-date=2022-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107175441/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/19679 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amfani da shi ya karu daga yankin Zibans da Aurès zuwa Batna, sannan zuwa An M'lila da Constantine, da kuma sauran biranen Aljeriya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Une brèche pour la doubara |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/23464 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Djazairess }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.djazairess.com/fr/letemps/23464 "Une brèche pour la doubara"]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Djazairess''. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-07</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Bambance-bambance == Akwai nau'ikan dobara da yawa: zafi ko sanyi, kuma sinadaran na iya bambanta dangane da yankin. == Manazarta == qtp6cie24kiefial5bq58s4r3t0kk8i 0 106197 839640 788689 2026-05-24T11:27:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dokar muhalli a Victoria''' ta shafi dokokin da matakan shari'a da aka dauka don kare lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli da kuma magance Batutuwan muhalli a Ostiraliya da ke faruwa a jihar Victoria, Ostiraliya == Dokokin Tarayya == === Dokar Kare Muhalli da Kare Biodiversity 1999 (Dokar EPBC) === Dokar Kare Muhalli da Dokar Kare Muhimmanci ta 1999 ita ce babbar dokar muhalli ta Ostiraliya. Yana ƙirƙirar tsarin doka don kare wurare, shuke-shuke, dabbobi, mazauna da wuraren tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Australian Government. Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water |title=What's protected under the EPBC Act |url=https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/epbc/our-role/what-is-protected}}</ref> Wannan aikin ya kuma kafa dokoki game da cinikin dabbobi na ƙasa ko na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2022 |title=Annex 1: Overview of the legislative framework and roles and responsibilities for Wildlife protection |url=https://www.vic.gov.au/regulating-protection-wildlife/annex-1-overview-legislative-framework-and-roles-and |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.vic.gov.au}}</ref> == Ayyuka da Dokokin Victorian == === Ayyuka na Gaba ɗaya === ==== ''Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1970'' ==== Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1970 ta kafa Hukumar Kare Muhalli, ikon doka mai zaman kanta na Victoria da mai kula da muhalli kuma ya tsara ka'idojin da ke tsara aikinta.<ref>https://oceanfdn.org/ha/barci-da-abokan-gaba-idan-ba-mu-koyi-rayuwa-tare-da-sauyin-yanayi-ba-mu-halaka/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== ''Dokar Kare Muhalli ta Kasa (Victoria) 1995'' ==== Wannan Dokar ta dace da waɗanda ke cikin wasu jihohi da Common wealth kuma ta kirkiro Majalisar Kare Muhalli ta Kasa (NEPC) wanda burin ita ce tabbatar da hana gurɓataccen iska, ruwa, ƙasa da hayaniya a Ostiraliya. Don cimma wannan burin, NEPC tana yin Matakan Kare Muhalli na Kasa (<abbr>NEPM</abbr>) kuma tana saka idanu kan aiwatar da waɗannan matakan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Victoria |first=Environment Protection Authority |title=Laws and regulations {{!}} Environment Protection Authority Victoria |url=https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/about-epa/laws |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=www.epa.vic.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> '''''Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta 2017''''' Wannan Dokar ta haifar da burin fitar da hayaki a shekarar 2050 ta hanyar buƙatar Gwamnati ta aiwatar da dabarun kowane shekaru biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EPA Victoria |date=23 October 2023 |title=Climate change legislation |url=https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/about-epa/laws/climate-change-legislation |access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref> ==== ''Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 2017'' ==== Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 2017 ta sauya mayar da hankali ga kare muhalli daga martani zuwa rigakafi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unpacking the Biggest Change to Victoria's Environmental Regulation in 50 Years {{!}} Greencap |url=https://www.greencap.com.au/news/2021-03-victorian-environmental-protection-act |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.greencap.com.au |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122020645/https://www.greencap.com.au/news/2021-03-victorian-environmental-protection-act |url-status=dead }}</ref> yana mai da shi tilastawa don rage tasirin gurɓata kafin ya faru. Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 2018 ce ta yi gyare-gyare a wannan aikin kuma an gabatar da ita a cikin 2021. Babban ci gaba: * Ya kafa ka'idoji 11 na kare muhalli: *# Ka'idar hadewar muhalli, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki *# Ka'idar daidaito *# Ka'idar farko ta rigakafi *# Ka'idar raba alhakin *# Ka'idar mai gurɓataccen ƙasa *# Ka'idar tsarin kula da sharar gida *# Ka'idar yanke shawara ta hanyar shaida *# [[Tsarin taka Tsantsan|Ka'idar kariya]] *# Ka'idar Daidaitawa *# Ka'idar lissafi *# Ka'idar kiyayewa * Ya gabatar da Babban Ma'aikatar Muhalli don rage haɗari a kan muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. * Ya kafa tsarin doka don kare muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam daga gurɓataccen yanayi da sharar gida. * Yana ƙirƙirar tsari game da kula da sharar gida. * Yana ba da tsarin aikata laifuka da hukuncin farar hula. * Yana ba da tsarin magunguna na farar hula da umarnin diyya. * Yana inganta ikon EPA: ** EPA yanzu na iya bayarwa da ba da lasisi da izini don tsara gurɓataccen da masu gurɓata ke fitarwa. ** EPA ta tabbatar da bin Dokar kuma tana iya buƙatar mataki daga masu gurɓata don sarrafa haɗari ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam.<ref name=":1"/> Wannan ya ɓace daga Dokar 1970 kamar yadda EPA ba za ta iya hukunta kamfanonin gurɓata ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannix |first=Liam |date=2018-06-21 |title=Individuals would get right to take polluters to court under new EPA laws |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/individuals-would-get-right-to-take-polluters-to-court-under-new-epa-laws-20180621-p4zmxi.html |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=The Age |language=en}}</ref> === Kare namun daji === ==== ''Dokar namun daji ta 1975'' ==== Dokar namun daji da ƙarin ƙa'idodin da ke da alaƙa suna ba da tsari don mallaka, sarrafawa, kiwo da hulɗa gaba ɗaya tare da namun daji. Sun kuma kafa tsari game da ceto da farfado da namun daji ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=18 September 2023 |title=Strengthening our waste and recycling system |url=https://www.vic.gov.au/regulating-protection-wildlife/regulatory-framework-wildlife-protection |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.vic.gov.au}}</ref> ==== ''Dokar Tabbacin Flora da Fauna ta 1988'' ==== Dokar Tabbatar da Flora da Fauna tana da niyyar karewa da kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar yin jerin nau'o'in da al'ummomin da ke fuskantar barazana.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.blakedigital.com |first=Blake Digital |title=Amendments to the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act Come Into Effect {{!}} Ecology and Heritage Partners |url=https://www.ehpartners.com.au/newsroom/flora-and-fauna-guarantee-act-amendments |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=www.ehpartners.com.au |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Dokar Gidajen Gidaje (Tashi) ta 2004'' ==== [[Sustainable Forests (Timber) Act 2004|Dokar Kayan Kayan Kudancin]] tana da niyyar kare namun daji daga Girbi na katako a yankunan asali. The Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 ya kara kafa ka'idoji da dabarun gudanarwa don girbi na katako na kasuwanci a Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reserves |first=Forests and |date=2022-07-01 |title=Code of Practice for Timber Production 2014 |url=https://www.forestsandreserves.vic.gov.au/forest-management/code-of-practice-for-timber-production-2014 |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Forests and Reserves |language=en}}</ref> === Tsaro na Ruwa === ==== ''Rashin Ruwan da Mai da Dokar Abubuwa Masu Ruwa ta 1986'' ==== Wannan Dokar ta aiwatar da [[MARPOL 73/78|Yarjejeniyar Marpol]] ta 1973 kuma tana da niyyar kare teku da ruwa daga gurɓataccen mai da abubuwa.<ref name=":1"/> ==== ''Dokar Ruwa ta 1989'' ==== [[Water Act 1989 (Victoria)|Dokar Ruwa ta 1989]] ta tabbatar da amfani da albarkatun ruwa mai kyau da alhakin a duk faɗin Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Victoria's Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action. |date=2 November 2023 |title=Water entitlements and the Water Act |url=https://www.water.vic.gov.au/about-us/:~:text=The%20Water%20Act%201989%20(Vic,and%20equitable%20access%20to%20water. }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== ''Dokar Ruwa (Management) 2005 (Victoria) '' ==== Dokar Ruwa (Resource Management) ta gyara Dokar Ruwa daga 1989 kuma ta kirkiro [[Environmental entitlements|Hakkin muhalli]], wanda haƙƙin doka ne don ɗaukar ruwa da amfani da shi don kula da Ma'aikatar Ruwa ta Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=catchments |first=Water and |date=2023-11-02 |title=Environmental entitlements |url=https://www.water.vic.gov.au/about-us/water-entitlements-and-the-water-act/environmental-entitlements |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=Water and catchments |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Tsarin shari'a na Australiya * Batutuwan muhalli a Ostiraliya * Batutuwan muhalli a Melbourne * Muhalli na Ostiraliya == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] [[Rukuni:Canjin yanayi]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n0qdxyg7v5zcw1begelr1if6xd3v5ra 0 106370 839630 664716 2026-05-24T10:41:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Dokar Hana Shigo da Bayi na 1807 (2 Stat. 426, wanda aka kafa ranar 2 ga Maris, 1807) dokar tarayya ce ta Amurka wacce ta haramta shigo da bayi cikin Amurka. Ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1808, ranar farko da Amurka ta ba da izini Shugaba Thomas Jefferson ne ya inganta wannan dokar, wanda ya yi kira ga aiwatar da ita a cikin jawabinsa na 1806 na Jihar Tarayyar. Shi da wasu sun inganta ra'ayin tun daga shekarun 1770. Ya nuna ƙarfin halin da ake ciki na kawar da Cinikin bayi na kasa da kasa, wanda Virginia, tare da sauran jihohin, suka haramta ko kuma suka hana tun daga lokacin. Kudancin Carolina, duk da haka, ta sake buɗe kasuwancin ta. Majalisa ta fara tsarawa game da cinikayya a cikin Dokar Cinikin Bauta ta 1794. Dokar 1794 ta kawo karshen halattacciyar jiragen ruwa na Amurka da ke shiga cikin kasuwanci. Dokar 1807 ba ta canza hakan ba - ta sanya duk shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen waje, har ma a kan jiragen ruwa na kasashen waje, laifi ne na tarayya. Dokar ta shafi shigo da ko fitar da bayi ne kawai, kuma ba ta shafi cinikin cikin gida a cikin jihohi ko tsakanin jihohi ba. A lokacin juyin juya halin Amurka, duk yankuna goma sha uku sun haramta shiga cikin cinikin bayi na kasa da kasa (wasu kuma sun soke bautar cikin gida), amma jihohi uku daga baya sun sake buɗe cinikin bayi ta kasa da kasa.<ref>https://www.ncpedia.org/slavery</ref> Arewacin Carolina ya haramta shigo da bayi a cikin 1794, kuma ya karfafa dokar a cikin 1795. Georgia ta karbi jiragen bayi har zuwa shekara ta 1798. Kudancin Carolina ta sake buɗe cinikin bayi na Atlantic a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1803 kuma ta shigo da bayi 39,075 na zuriyar Afirka tsakanin 1804 da 1808 ).<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/3125182</ref> Mataki na 1 Sashe na 9 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya kare shigar jihar a cikin cinikin bayi na Atlantic na tsawon shekaru ashirin daga haramtacciyar tarayya. Mataki na 5 ya ce wannan sashi ba zai iya shafar gyaran kundin tsarin mulki ba. Sai kawai farawa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1808, za a iya samun dokar tarayya don soke cinikin bayi na kasa da kasa a duk jihohi, kodayake jihohi na iya kuma sun hana shi kafin irin wannan lokacin. ==Wucewar dokar== A ranar 3 ga Maris, 1805, Joseph Bradley Varnum ya gabatar da wani Shirin Massachusetts don gyara Kundin Tsarin Mulki da Kawar da Cinikin Bauta. An gabatar da wannan shawarar har zuwa 1807. A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 1806, a cikin saƙonsa na shekara-shekara ga Majalisa, wanda aka sake bugawa a yawancin jaridu, Shugaba Thomas Jefferson ya yi tir da "raɓatar haƙƙin ɗan adam". <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_A1Sec9.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-18 |archive-date=2026-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260304105731/https://usconstitution.net/xconst_A1Sec9.html/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A karkashin jagorancin Varnum, doka ta wuce ta Majalisa kuma ta wuce gidaje biyu a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1807. Majalisar da Majalisar Dattijai sun amince da lissafin, wanda aka amince da shi a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1807, wanda ake kira Dokar hana shigo da bayi zuwa kowane tashar jiragen ruwa ko wuri a cikin ikon Amurka, daga da kuma bayan ranar farko ta Janairu, a cikin shekarar Ubangijinmu, Dubu da Ɗari da takwas da takwas. Har ila yau, matakin ya tsara cinikin bayi a bakin teku. Shugaba Thomas Jefferson ya sanya hannu kan lissafin a matsayin doka a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1807. [1] Mutane da yawa a cikin Majalisa sun yi imanin cewa aikin zai lalata bautar a Kudu, amma sun yi kuskure.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little,_Brown</ref> An fadada rawar da Sojojin Ruwa ke takawa don haɗawa da sintiri a bakin tekun Cuba da Kudancin Amurka. Ranar da Dokar ta yi, Janairu 1, 1808, Peter Williams, Jr., ya yi bikin ne a cikin "An Oration on the Abolition of the Slave Trade" da aka gabatar a Birnin New York ==Tasiri da gurfanar da masu anfani da safarar Bayi== Duk da yake babu ainihin adadi da aka sani, masana tarihi sun kiyasta cewa an shigo da bayi 50,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa Amurka bayan 1808, galibi ta hanyar Mutanen Espanya Florida da Texas, kafin a shigar da waɗannan jihohin cikin Tarayyar.[1] Koyaya, Gwamnan Kudancin Carolina Henry Middleton ya kiyasta a cikin 1819 cewa bayi 13,000 na Afirka sun isa kowace shekara. A cikin 1820, cinikin bayi ya zama babban laifi tare da gyare-gyare ga Dokar 1819 don Kare Kasuwancin Amurka da kuma azabtar da Laifin Fashi. An kawo jimlar shari'o'i 74 na bautar a Amurka tsakanin 1837 da 1860, "amma an yanke wa kyaftin kaɗan hukunci, kuma waɗanda suka sami hukunci mara kyau, wanda yawanci suka iya gujewa". Nathaniel Gordon, wanda aka rataye a 1862, shine kadai mutumin da aka kashe saboda cinikin bayi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Amurka. ==Manzarta== 0ns3hq9fkremczi14tenmf8wixxgooh 0 107005 839553 734594 2026-05-24T02:20:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839553 wikitext text/x-wiki Equaldex hanya ce ta wallafe-wallafen kan layi akan [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|Hakkin LGBTQ]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Singer-Vine |first=Jeremy |date=2022-09-07 |title=The Datasets We're Looking At This Week |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-datasets-were-looking-at-this-week-17/ |access-date=2023-03-05 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305080658/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/the-datasets-were-looking-at-this-week-17/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sashe na shafin yanar gizon tushen ilimin hadin gwiwa ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hope |first=Allison |date=October 11, 2022 |title=An LGBTQ guide to coming out safely and happily |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/11/health/national-coming-out-day-lgbtq-safe-wellness/index.html |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillespie |first=Alexandra |date=January 31, 2022 |title=New digital tools are helping travelers avoid discrimination |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/new-digital-tools-are-helping-travelers-avoid-discrimination |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131115306/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/new-digital-tools-are-helping-travelers-avoid-discrimination |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=[[National Geographic]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McGovern |first=Connor |date=June 3, 2022 |title=How destinations are helping LGBTQ+ visitors travel with pride |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/how-destinations-are-helping-lgbtq-visitors-travel-with-pride |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603133309/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/how-destinations-are-helping-lgbtq-visitors-travel-with-pride |archive-date=June 3, 2022 |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=[[National Geographic]] |language=en}}</ref> Equaldex ta buga matsayi na [[Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki|Hakkin LGBTQ ta ƙasa da yanki]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Shannon |date=January 27, 2023 |title=Beyoncé LGBTQ fans in Dubai speak out over concert backlash |url=https://www.newsweek.com/beyonce-dubai-concert-lgbtq-uae-emirates-1776451 |access-date=March 5, 2023 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa Oktoba 2025, shugaban Equaldex shine Dan Leveille.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leveille |first=Dan |title=About Equaldex |url=https://www.equaldex.com/about |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=Equaldex}}</ref> == ''Ƙididdigar Daidaitawa ta LGBTQ'' == An ƙaddara Ƙididdigar Shari'a bisa ga batutuwa 13 daban-daban na shari'a, kamar matsayin doka na luwadi, yiwuwar auren jinsi ɗaya, cika haƙƙin mutanen da suka canza jinsi, da sauransu. Wadannan batutuwan suna da ma'nauyi daban-daban. Misali, halattacciyar auren jinsi guda tana da tasiri sosai a kan lissafin fiye da ikon mutanen LGBTQ na yin aiki a fili a cikin soja. Idan dokoki daban-daban suna aiki a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar, to ana lissafin matsakaicin darajar. Dokoki sun fara shafar alamar ne kawai bayan sun fara aiki, kuma ba nan da nan bayan tallafi ba, don haka canza alamar yana da jinkiri. An ba da cikakken jerin ka'idoji da ƙididdiga a shafin yanar gizon.[1] Ƙididdigar Ra'ayi na Jama'a tana auna halayen jama'a ga mutanen LGBTQ. Ana lissafin lissafin ne bisa ga kuri'u da kuri'un da kungiyoyi masu daraja suka gudanar, ta amfani da matsakaicin lissafi na karatu daban-daban. Idan binciken ya ƙunshi ma'anar "Shin kun amince da auren jinsi ɗaya?" kuma kashi 56% na mutane sun amsa "eh", to za a yi amfani da darajar "56" don abubuwan da suka dace na alamar. A wasu lokuta ana iya amfani da sakamakon binciken tare da karancin nauyi idan binciken ya kasance takamaiman ko kuma an gudanar da shi tsakanin takamaiman rukuni na mutane (alal misali, tsakanin wakilan addini). Ana gudanar da bincike sama da shekaru 2 tare da karancin nauyi.<ref name="equality_index">{{Cite web |title=LGBT Equality Index |url=https://www.equaldex.com/equality-index |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222113631/https://www.equaldex.com/equality-index |archive-date=22 December 2023 |access-date=2 June 2025 |website=Equaldex |language=en}}</ref> Ƙididdigar daidaito ita ce ma'anar lissafi tsakanin Ƙididdigat na Shari'a da Ƙididdigal na Ra'ayi na Jama'a.<ref name="equality_index"/> Bayanai kamar yadda na 26 ga Oktoba, 2025: [[Fayil:LGBT_Equality_Index_map.png|thumb|600x600px|Taswirar ƙasashe ta hanyar LGBTQ Equality Index, tun daga Yuni 2, 2025]] [[Fayil:LGBT_Legal_Index_map.png|thumb|600x600px|Taswirar ƙasashe ta hanyar LGBTQ Legal Index (2025) ]] [[Fayil:LGBT_Public_Opinion_Index_map.png|thumb|600x600px|Taswirar ƙasashe ta hanyar LGBTQ Public Opinion Index (2025) ]] {| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable static-row-numbers sticky-header-multi col1left col5right" style="text-align:center;" ! style="vertical-align:middle;" |Country or territory !Equality<br /><br />Index !Legal<br /><br />Index !Public Opinion<br /><br />Index |- | Iceland |'''95''' |100 |90 |- | Greenland |'''93''' |93 |— |- |{{Flag|Christmas Island}} |'''90''' |90 |— |- |{{Flag|Mayotte}} |'''89''' |89 |— |- |{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}} |'''89''' |89 |— |- |{{Flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}} |'''88''' |88 |— |- | Norway |'''87''' |88 |87 |- | Uruguay |'''84''' |94 |74 |- | Spain |'''83''' |100 |67 |- | Denmark |'''82''' |94 |69 |- | Guernsey |'''82''' |77 |87 |- |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} |'''81''' |81 |— |- | Chile |'''80''' |100 |61 |- | Germany |'''80''' |100 |61 |- | Malta |'''80''' |100 |61 |- | Puerto Rico |'''80''' |93 |66 |- | Faroe Islands |'''80''' |92 |68 |- | New Caledonia |'''80''' |88 |71 |- | Andorra |'''80''' |86 |74 |- | Canada |'''79''' |96 |62 |- | Cuba |'''79''' |92 |66 |- |{{Flag|Falkland Islands}} |'''79''' |79 |— |- | Australia |'''78''' |94 |60 |- | Portugal |'''77''' |94 |60 |- | Jersey |'''77''' |93 |60 |- | New Zealand |'''77''' |88 |65 |- |{{Flag|Curaçao}} |'''77''' |77 |— |- | Netherlands |'''76''' |87 |65 |- | Brazil |'''75''' |93 |57 |- | Belgium |'''75''' |88 |61 |- | Sweden |'''75''' |85 |65 |- | Isle of Man |'''74''' |87 |60 |- | Argentina |'''74''' |87 |61 |- | Finland |'''74''' |82 |66 |- | France |'''74''' |90 |59 |- | Gibraltar |'''73''' |82 |63 |- | United States |'''72''' |88 |56 |- | Réunion |'''72''' |88 |55 |- | Ireland |'''72''' |84 |59 |- | Colombia |'''71''' |92 |50 |- | Austria |'''71''' |83 |60 |- | Mexico |'''70''' |84 |57 |- | Costa Rica |'''69''' |85 |54 |- | United Kingdom |'''69''' |82 |56 |- | Nepal |'''69''' |71 |68 |- | Guam |'''68''' |81 |55 |- | Italy |'''68''' |76 |59 |- | Liechtenstein |'''68''' |69 |68 |- | Cape Verde |'''68''' |55 |80 |- | South Africa |'''67''' |77 |58 |- | Switzerland |'''67''' |70 |64 |- | San Marino |'''67''' |63 |71 |- | Luxembourg |'''67''' |82 |52 |- | Czechia |'''67''' |72 |63 |- | Greece |'''66''' |92 |40 |- | Slovenia |'''65''' |81 |48 |- | Thailand |'''65''' |63 |67 |- | Ecuador |'''65''' |89 |42 |- |{{Flag|British Virgin Islands}} |'''63''' |63 |— |- | Bolivia |'''62''' |87 |38 |- | Israel |'''62''' |73 |51 |- | French Guiana |'''61''' |88 |34 |- | Bermuda |'''61''' |72 |50 |- | Seychelles |'''61''' |55 |66 |- | Guadeloupe |'''60''' |88 |32 |- | Martinique |'''60''' |88 |32 |- | Aruba |'''59''' |70 |48 |- | Taiwan |'''59''' |67 |51 |- | Hong Kong |'''59''' |59 |56 |- | Cyprus |'''58''' |79 |36 |- | Estonia |'''58''' |73 |44 |- | Croatia |'''57''' |80 |33 |- | Montenegro |'''55''' |75 |35 |- | India |'''55''' |56 |53 |- | Fiji |'''55''' |55 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Barbados |'''55''' |38 |71 |- | Peru |'''54''' |64 |45 |- | Japan |'''54''' |57 |51 |- | Timor-Leste |'''54''' |49 |60 |- | Monaco |'''53''' |56 |51 |- | Botswana |'''53''' |54 |51 |- | Bhutan |'''52''' |54 |50 |- | Venezuela |'''52''' |48 |56 |- | Philippines |'''52''' |46 |59 |- | China |'''52''' |39 |66 |- | Mozambique |'''51''' |55 |47 |- | Vietnam |'''51''' |50 |53 |- | Mauritius |'''51''' |50 |52 |- | Bosnia and Herzegovina |'''50''' |63 |38 |- | Poland |'''50''' |57 |43 |- | Serbia |'''49''' |65 |33 |- | Slovakia |'''49''' |64 |33 |- | Hungary |'''49''' |57 |40 |- | Belize |'''49''' |54 |44 |- | Marshall Islands |'''49''' |49 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Kosovo |'''48''' |66 |30 |- | North Macedonia |'''48''' |64 |33 |- | Ukraine |'''48''' |58 |39 |- | Micronesia |'''48''' |48 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Albania |'''47''' |67 |28 |- | Lithuania |'''47''' |66 |28 |- | Macau |'''47''' |54 |40 |- | Sao Tome and Principe |'''47''' |49 |44 |- | Latvia |'''46''' |58 |35 |- | Honduras |'''46''' |58 |33 |- | South Korea |'''46''' |53 |39 |- | Cambodia |'''46''' |41 |51 |- | Nicaragua |'''45''' |50 |40 |- | Laos |'''45''' |40 |50 |- | Romania |'''44''' |55 |33 |- | Lesotho |'''44''' |55 |32 |- | Singapore |'''44''' |39 |49 |- | Nauru |'''43''' |43 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Mongolia |'''42''' |67 |17 |- | Angola |'''42''' |50 |35 |- | Namibia |'''41''' |49 |33 |- | Suriname |'''41''' |59 |23 |- | El Salvador |'''41''' |48 |35 |- | Bulgaria |'''39''' |52 |27 |- | Vanuatu |'''39''' |45 |34 |- | Panama |'''39''' |43 |34 |- | Antigua and Barbuda |'''38''' |60 |17 |- | Equatorial Guinea |'''38''' |38 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Moldova |'''37''' |67 |8 |- | Guyana |'''37''' |22 |53 |- | Dominican Republic |'''36''' |40 |33 |- | Bahrain |'''36''' |30 |42 |- | Guatemala |'''35''' |38 |31 |- | Saint Lucia |'''34''' |51 |17 |- | Paraguay |'''34''' |38 |31 |- | Rwanda |'''34''' |37 |32 |- | Saint Kitts and Nevis |'''33''' |52 |15 |- | Georgia |'''32''' |50 |13 |- | Dominica |'''32''' |49 |14 |- | Guinea-Bissau |'''32''' |40 |24 |- | Turkey |'''32''' |32 |33 |- | Djibouti |'''32''' |32 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Tajikistan |'''32''' |32 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Palau |'''31''' |47 |16 |- | Vatican City |'''31''' |31 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | North Korea |'''31''' |31 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Pakistan |'''31''' |31 |31 |- | Republic of the Congo |'''30''' |44 |17 |- | Bahamas |'''30''' |44 |16 |- | Madagascar |'''30''' |38 |22 |- | Samoa |'''30''' |30 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Russia |'''29''' |35 |23 |- | Sri Lanka |'''29''' |24 |34 |- | Haiti |'''28''' |45 |11 |- | Kiribati |'''28''' |28 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Benin |'''27''' |38 |16 |- | Belarus |'''27''' |38 |16 |- | Eswatini |'''27''' |26 |27 |- | Central African Republic |'''26''' |26 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Papua New Guinea |'''26''' |26 |— |- | Trinidad and Tobago |'''26''' |25 |27 |- | Armenia |'''25''' |45 |5 |- | Gabon |'''25''' |36 |13 |- | Bangladesh |'''25''' |16 |33 |- | Myanmar |'''25''' |13 |38 |- | Tuvalu |'''24''' |24 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Niger |'''24''' |36 |12 |- | Kazakhstan |'''23''' |35 |11 |- | Grenada |'''23''' |35 |11 |- | Côte d'Ivoire |'''23''' |31 |14 |- |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}} |'''23''' |23 |— |- | Democratic Republic of the Congo |'''22''' |35 |8 |- | Indonesia |'''22''' |33 |11 |- | Jamaica |'''21''' |24 |18 |- | Kenya |'''21''' |24 |18 |- | Uzbekistan |'''20''' |21 |18 |- | Kyrgyzstan |'''20''' |31 |10 |- | Western Sahara |'''20''' |20 |— |- | Palestine |'''19''' |29 |8 |- | Ghana |'''18''' |18 |18 |- | Turkmenistan |'''18''' |18 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Malaysia |'''18''' |9 |27 |- | Azerbaijan |'''17''' |28 |5 |- | Jordan |'''17''' |27 |6 |- | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |'''17''' |26 |8 |- | Comoros |'''17''' |15 |19 |- | Syria |'''17''' |7 |27 |- | Liberia |'''16''' |24 |9 |- | Lebanon |'''16''' |18 |15 |- | Sierra Leone |'''14''' |22 |6 |- | Guinea |'''14''' |15 |14 |- | Chad |'''14''' |14 |14 |- | Tunisia |'''14''' |13 |15 |- | Tanzania |'''14''' |13 |14 |- | Sudan |'''14''' |9 |19 |- | Morocco |'''13''' |12 |15 |- | Libya |'''13''' |8 |19 |- | Algeria |'''13''' |7 |19 |- | Iraq |'''13''' |3 |22 |- | Zimbabwe |'''12''' |14 |10 |- | Ethiopia |'''12''' |10 |13 |- | Saudi Arabia |'''12''' |3 |22 |- | Nigeria |'''11''' |7 |15 |- | United Arab Emirates |'''11''' |0 |23 |- | Tonga |'''10''' |10 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Togo |'''10''' |6 |14 |- | Egypt |'''10''' |5 |15 |- | Mauritania |'''10''' |4 |16 |- | Yemen |'''10''' |4 |17 |- | Burkina Faso |'''9''' |7 |10 |- | Uganda |'''9''' |1 |18 |- | Burundi |'''9''' |8 |10 |- | Malawi |'''8''' |12 |5 |- | South Sudan |'''8''' |8 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Zambia |'''8''' |8 |8 |- | Mali |'''8''' |6 |9 |- | Qatar |'''8''' |6 |9 |- | Cameroon |'''7''' |4 |11 |- | Kuwait |'''6''' |5 |6 |- | Maldives |'''6''' |5 |8 |- | Iran |'''5''' |7 |3 |- | Eritrea |'''5''' |5 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Senegal |'''4''' |5 |3 |- | Gambia |'''3''' |2 |4 |- | Brunei |'''3''' |3 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Oman |'''3''' |3 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Somalia |'''1''' |1 | style="color:silver;" |— |- | Afghanistan |'''1''' |0 |2 |} == Game da == Equaldex tushe ne na haɗin gwiwa don ƙungiyoyin LGBTQ. Shirin yanar gizon da ci gaban ya fara ne a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2009. Bayan shekaru 5 na aiki, lissafin Equaldex ya fito fili a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leveille |first=Dan |title=About Equaldex |url=https://www.equaldex.com/about |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Equaldex}}</ref> Shafin a halin yanzu yana da masu gudanarwa 8: danlev, beeurd, Notdog1996, Samanthos, Ratabzoo, qcksws, Aleksander, da Unknownmiles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leveille |first=Dan |title=About Equaldex |url=https://www.equaldex.com/about |access-date=19 December 2024 |website=Equaldex}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == pj0t2gq7x05oii7kvhp2c7c519tkk3p 0 107404 839627 790537 2026-05-24T10:11:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:FLSA_Minimum_Wage_Poster-2016.png|thumb|Hoton Ma'aikatar Ayyuka yana sanar da ma'aikata game da haƙƙin a ƙarƙashin Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata ta Gaskiya]] '''The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 29 U.S.C. §''' ('''FLSA''') doka ce ta ma'aikata ta Amurka wacce ke haifar da haƙƙin mafi ƙarancin albashi, da kuma "lokaci da rabi" albashi na karin lokaci lokacin da mutane ke aiki sama da sa'o'i arba'in a mako.<ref name="uooonav">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-15 |title=History - Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 |url=http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/flsa1938.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815194445/http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/flsa1938.htm |archive-date=2013-08-15 |website=U.S. Department of Labor}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya haramta yin amfani da kananan yara a cikin "aikin yara mai zalunci". Ya shafi ma'aikatan da ke cikin Kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ko kuma kamfanonin da ke cikin kasuwancin ko kuma samar da kayayyaki don kasuwanci, sai dai idan ma'aikaci zai iya da'awar cirewa daga ɗaukar hoto.<ref name="finduslaw.com">{{Cite web |title=Fair Labor Standards Act - FLSA - 29 U.S. Code Chapter 8 |url=http://finduslaw.com/fair_labor_standards_act_flsa_29_u_s_code_chapter_8#2 |website=finduslaw.com |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-date=2008-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516054443/http://finduslaw.com/fair_labor_standards_act_flsa_29_u_s_code_chapter_8#2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dokar ta kafa ta 75th Congress kuma Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt ya sanya hannu a cikin doka a 1938. == Amfani mai amfani == Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata ta Gaskiya ta shafi "ma'aikatan da ke cikin kasuwanci tsakanin jihohi ko samar da kayayyaki don kasuwanci, ko waɗanda kamfanoni ke aiki da su ko kuma samar da kayayyakin kasuwanci" <ref name="finduslaw.com"/> sai dai idan ma'aikaci zai iya da'awar cirewa daga ɗaukar hoto. Gabaɗaya, ma'aikaci tare da akalla $ 500,000 na kasuwanci ko manyan tallace-tallace a cikin shekara guda yana gamsar da bukatun kasuwanci na FLSA, sabili da haka ma'aikatan ma'aikacin suna ƙarƙashin kariya ta Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata idan babu wani keɓancewa da ya shafi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Federal Overtime Rules FAQ |url=https://www.dol.gov/whd/overtime/final2016/faq.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027043440/https://www.dol.gov/WHD/overtime/final2016/faq.htm |archive-date=October 27, 2016 |website=dol.gov |publisher=Department of Labor}}</ref> Akwai keɓancewa da yawa waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa ma'aikaci daga biyan mafi ƙarancin albashi, ƙarin lokaci, da buƙatun adana rikodin. Mafi yawan banbanci ya shafi abin da ake kira "farin ƙwallo" wanda ya dace da ƙwararrun ma'aikatan gudanarwa, kodayake banbanci kuma yana nan don ayyukan kamar ma'aikatan gidan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Are Theater Workers Exempt from Federal Overtime Laws? |url=https://smallbusiness.chron.com/theater-workers-exempt-federal-overtime-laws-59804.html |access-date=March 28, 2023 |website=Small Business - Chron.com}}</ref> Ana fassara cirewa a takaice, kamar yadda ma'aikaci dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan sun dace "a bayyane kuma ba tare da kuskure ba" a cikin sharuddan cirewa. Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata ta Gaskiya ta shafi "duk wani mutum da ma'aikaci ya yi aiki" amma ba ga 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu ko masu sa kai ba saboda ba a dauke su "ma'aikata" a karkashin FLSA.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fair Labor Standards Act - FLSA - 29 U.S. Code Chapter 8 |url=http://finduslaw.com/fair_labor_standards_act_flsa_29_u_s_code_chapter_8#3 |website=finduslaw.com |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-date=2008-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516054443/http://finduslaw.com/fair_labor_standards_act_flsa_29_u_s_code_chapter_8#3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka, ma'aikaci ba zai iya cire ma'aikata daga Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata ta hanyar kiran su 'yan kwangila masu zaman kansu ba, kuma ma'aikata da yawa sun rarraba ma'aikatan su ba bisa ka'ida ba a matsayin' yan kwangila masu cin gashin kansu. Wasu ma'aikata suna kiran ma'aikata da ba daidai ba a matsayin masu sa kai. Kotuna suna kallon "gaskiyar tattalin arziki" na dangantakar da ke tsakanin ma'aikaci da ma'aikacin don sanin ko ma'aikacen dan kwangila ne mai zaman kansa. Kotuna suna amfani da irin wannan gwajin don tantance ko ma'aikaci ya yi aiki tare da mutum ɗaya ko ƙungiya; wanda aka fi sani da "ma'aikata masu haɗin gwiwa". Misali, ma'aikacin gona na iya ɗaukar ma'aikaci tare da kwangila na aiki (wanda ke kula da daukar ma'aikata, sufuri, biyan kuɗi, da kiyaye sa'o'i) da mai shuka (wanda gabaɗaya ke sa ido kan ingancin aikin da aka yi, yana ƙayyade inda za a sanya ma'aikata a matsayin ma'aikata. A lokuta da yawa, ma'aikata ba sa biyan karin lokaci yadda ya kamata don ayyukan da ba a cire su ba, [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] kamar rashin biyan ma'aikaci don lokacin tafiya tsakanin wuraren aiki, ayyukan kafin ko bayan sauye-sauyen su, da kuma shirya ayyukan aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Updated Federal Overtime Law means tracking time |url=http://www3.swipeclock.com/updated-federal-overtime-law-means-tracking-time-employees/ |publisher=SwipeClock}}</ref> Idan ma'aikaci ya cancanci karin lokaci, dole ne ma'aikacin ya biya su sau ɗaya da rabi "albashi na yau da kullun" don duk sa'o'in da suke aiki sama da 40 a cikin mako ɗaya na aiki.  Ma'aikatan da aka yi amfani da su a matsayin minista ta hanyar ma'aikaci mai alaƙa da addini ba su da damar samun karin lokaci a ƙarƙashin dokar. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, lambar yabo ta Sojojin Ruwa "E" don ƙwarewa a cikin samar da yaƙi ana buƙatar kiyaye ƙa'idodin aiki masu kyau da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin Dokar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army-Navy E Award - Miscellaneous Documents and Images |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/e_award.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501171327/http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/e_award.htm |archive-date=May 1, 2007 |access-date=January 21, 2014 |website=The Navy Department Library}}</ref> === Rashin amincewa === Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata ta Gaskiya ta kafa mafi ƙarancin albashi, biyan kuɗi na ƙarin lokaci, rikodin rikodin, da ƙa'idodin aikin yara, amma wasu ma'aikata na iya kasancewa a cire su. Rashin amincewa ya haɗa da zartarwa, gudanarwa, ƙwararru, ma'aikacin kwamfuta, da kuma cire tallace-tallace na waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) {{!}} Human Resources |url=https://hr.ucmerced.edu/compensation/compensation-tools/flsa |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=hr.ucmerced.edu |archive-date=2023-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525102918/https://hr.ucmerced.edu/compensation/compensation-tools/flsa |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Bayar da Bayani === A karkashin Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata ta Gaskiya, ma'aikaci dole ne ya biya kowane ma'aikacin mafi ƙarancin albashi, sai dai idan ma'aikacen ya "shiga aiki wanda ma'aikaciyar ta al'ada kuma a kai a kai ke karɓar fiye da $ 30 a wata a cikin shawarwari". Idan albashin ma'aikaci bai yi daidai da mafi karancin albashi ba, gami da shawarwari, dole ne ma'aikacin ya daidaita bambancin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lore |first=Michael |title=Overtime Qualification and Exemption FAQs |url=http://www.overtime-flsa.com/qualification-and-exepmtion-faqs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224083431/http://www.overtime-flsa.com/qualification-and-exepmtion-faqs |archive-date=2014-12-24 |access-date=2014-11-10 |website=Overtime FAQ |publisher=Michael D. Lore, P.C. |quote=If an employer elects to use the tip credit provision, it must inform the employee in advance and must be able to show that the employee receives at least the minimum wage when direct wages and the tip credit allowance are combined. If an employee's tips combined with the employer's direct wages do not equal the minimum hourly wage, the employer must make up the difference.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-24 |title=Minimum Wage |url=https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/minimum-wage/faq |website=U.S. Department of Labor - Wage and Hour Division (WHD)}}</ref> Koyaya, dole ne a ba ma'aikaci damar adana duk shawarwari, ko dai mutum ɗaya ko ta hanyar tafkin tip. Wani tafki na iya ƙunsar kawai "ma'aikata waɗanda ke karɓar shawarwari a kai a kai".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lore |first=Michael |title=Overtime Qualification and Exemption FAQs |url=http://www.overtime-flsa.com/qualification-and-exepmtion-faqs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224083431/http://www.overtime-flsa.com/qualification-and-exepmtion-faqs |archive-date=2014-12-24 |access-date=2014-11-10 |website=Overtime FAQ |publisher=Michael D. Lore, P.C. |quote=Employees must retain all of their tips, except to the extent that they participate in a valid tip pooling or sharing arrangement. A tip pool can often be invalidated if tips are shared with managers, dishwashers, cooks, chefs or others who are not entitled to share in tips.}}</ref> "Maganar 'daidaitawa da kuma a kai a kai' tana nuna mitar da dole ne ta fi girma fiye da lokaci, amma wanda zai iya zama ƙasa da dindindin". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Receiving the minimum amount 'customarily and regularly'. - Title 29 - Labor - Code of Federal Regulations - LII / Legal Information Institute |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/29/531/57 |access-date=2013-08-12 |website=Law.cornell.edu |quote=29 CFR 531.57}}</ref> Duk da yake sunan sunan lakabin aiki ba mai sauyawa ba ne, aikin "busboy" an tabbatar da shi a bayyane don hadawa da maɓallin maɓuɓɓugar ta hanyar tushe mai iko. "Wani busboy yana yin wani bangare na sabis na abokin ciniki ba tare da hulɗa kai tsaye ba, amma yana yin hakan a hanyar da ke bayyane ga abokan ciniki. ... Don haka, don mai ba da giya ya haɗa shi da inganci a cikin tafkin kuɗi, dole ne ya sadu da wannan ƙarancin ƙofar a hanyar da ta isa ya ƙarfafa abokan ciniki su 'daidaitaccen lokaci da kuma a kai' a kai a cikin fahimtar ayyukansa (ko da yake ba ya buƙatar karɓar shawarwari kai tsaye). <ref>{{Cite web |title=VIRGINIA BARRERA Plaintiff, v. MTC, INC. d/b/a MI TIERRA CAFÉ AND BAKERY d/b/a LA MARGARITA RESTAURANT & OYSTER BAR, and d/b/a RESTAURANTE PICO DE GALLO, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS SAN ANTONIO DIVISION |url=http://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/texas/txwdce/5:2010cv00665/441185/49/0.pdf?1312066299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008055305/http://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/texas/txwdce/5:2010cv00665/441185/49/0.pdf?1312066299 |archive-date=October 8, 2012 |access-date=September 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=Texas Court Holds 'Service Bartenders' May Be Eligible To Participate In A Mandatory Tip Pool Under FLSA]. Wage and Hour Law Update |url=http://www.wageandhourlawupdate.com/2011/08/articles/wage-and-hour/tips/texas-court-holds-service-bartenders-may-be-eligible-to-participate-in-a-mandatory-tip-pool-under-flsa/ |access-date=2013-08-12}}</ref>&nbsp; == Tarihin majalisa da gudanarwa == [[Fayil:Timeline_of_federal_minimum_hourly_wage_for_the_United_States_(including_inflation-adjusted)._Congressional_Research_Service.gif|thumb|Mafi karancin albashi na tarayya ya ragu da kashi 46% tun watan Fabrairun 1968. Layin da ke ƙasa shine dala. Layin saman ya daidaita hauhawar farashin.<ref name="CRS-2023">{{Cite web |last=[[Congressional Research Service]] |date=March 2, 2023 |title=State Minimum Wages: An Overview |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43792}} Chart on page 3.</ref>]] === Dokar Matsayin Ma'aikata ta 1938 === Sanata Hugo Black ne ya fara tsara Dokar Ka'idojin Aiki a shekarar 1932, wanda shawarar da ya yi na buƙatar ma'aikata su karɓi aiki na sa'o'i talatin a mako ya sadu da tsananin juriya. A cikin 1938, an sake fasalin shawarar Black. Yawancin sanannun mutane sun goyi bayan fasalin da aka sake sabuntawa, ciki har da [[Frances Perkins]], [[Clara Mortenson Beyer]] daga Ofishin Ma'aikata a cikin Ma'aikatar Ma'aikata ta Amurka, da kuma Majalisa [[Mary T. Norton]]. Shirin da aka sake sabuntawa ya karɓi rana ta awa takwas da mako na aiki na awa arba'in kuma ya ba ma'aikata damar samun albashi don ƙarin sa'o'i huɗu na [[Overtime|karin lokaci]]. Dangane da dokar, dole ne a biya ma'aikata mafi ƙarancin albashi kuma albashin karin lokaci dole ne ya zama albashi na yau da kullun sau ɗaya da rabi. Yara a karkashin shekara goma sha takwas ba za su iya yin wasu ayyuka masu haɗari ba, kuma yara a karkashin shekara sha shida ba za su kasa aiki a masana'antu ko hakar ma'adinai ko a lokacin makaranta ba. Kodayake bai rufe masu gudanarwa ba, ma'aikatan yanayi, da wasu kungiyoyi, Dokar Ka'idojin Ma'aikata ta Gaskiya ta ba da karin ma'aikata 700,000, kuma Shugaban Amurka [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] ya kira shi mafi mahimmancin dokar [[New Deal|Sabon Yarjejeniya]] tun daga Dokar Tsaro ta 1935.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |first=Howard D. |date=December 2000 |title=Troubled passage: the labor movement and the Fair Labor Standards Act |url=http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2000/12/art3full.pdf |website=Monthly Labor Review |publisher=BLS |pages=32–37}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7y5oormon8lbnk07hpizu4rq29tn9qe 0 107734 839528 672403 2026-05-23T23:18:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Cley_next_the_Sea_church_St_Margaret.JPG|thumb|240x240px|St Margaret's, Cley]] Cley next the Sea (/ˈkleɪ/, /ˈklaɪ/) ƙauye ne da kuma Ikklisiya a kan Kogin Glaven a cikin gundumar Ingila ta Norfolk . Cley na gaba Tekun yana da nisan kilomita 4.1 (kilomita 6.6) arewa maso yammacin Holt da nisan mil 25 (kilomitara 40) arewa maso yammaci na Norwich. == Tarihi == Sunan ƙauyen ya samo asali ne daga Anglo-Saxon kuma ya samo asali daga Tsohon Turanci don 'lay'. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Key to English Place-names |url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Norfolk/Cley%20next%20to%20the%20Sea |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=kepn.nottingham.ac.uk }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin Domesday Book, an rubuta Cley a matsayin ƙauyen gidaje 38 da ke cikin ɗari na Holt. A shekara ta 1086, ƙauyen ya kafa wasu sassan Gabashin Anglian na Sarki William I.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cley [next the Sea] {{!}} Domesday Book |url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TG0443/cley-next-the-sea/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=opendomesday.org}}</ref> Ginin da aka rushe a kan marshes an san shi da Blakeney Chapel; duk da sunansa, yana cikin Ikklisiyar Cley, kuma mai yiwuwa ba shi da manufar addini. Ginin da aka jera na Grade II ne kuma abin tunawa da aka tsara wanda mai yiwuwa tsohuwar ƙarfe ce. Bayan gobara mai banƙyama a cikin 1612 ta lalata gine-gine 117, an sake gina yawancin Cley a cikin tsarin gine-gine na lokacin.<ref name="heritage.norfolk.gov.uk">{{Cite web |title=Parish-Summary-Cley-next-the-Sea-(Parish-Summary) - Norfolk Heritage Explorer |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?TNF267-Parish-Summary-Cley-next-the-Sea-(Parish-Summary) |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk}}</ref> Cley ya kasance daya daga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa mafi yawan jama'a a Ingila, inda aka fitar da hatsi, malt, kifi, kayan yaji, kwal, zane, sha'ir da oats ko shigo da su. Yawancin Gables na Flemish a cikin garin tunatarwa ne na kasuwanci tare da Low Countries. Duk da sunansa, duk da haka, Cley bai kasance "kusa da teku" ba tun daga karni na 17, saboda sake farfado da ƙasa. Wasu daga cikin gine-ginen da suka taɓa kasancewa a kan tashar jiragen ruwa sun kasance, musamman Cley Windmill na ƙarni na 18. Ginin iska, ginin hasumiya mai hawa biyar, mallakar dangin mawaƙa James Blunt ne na shekaru da yawa <ref name="blunt">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2005 |title=Norfolk – Entertainment – James Blunt interview |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/norfolk/content/articles/2005/05/18/music_feature_james_blunt_interview_200505_feature.shtml |access-date=26 March 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> kuma yana aiki azaman gado da karin kumallo. An sayar da injin a shekara ta 2006, amma ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin gado da karin kumallo a kan hanyar da ba ta da riba. An yi amfani da shi a matsayin tushen fim din 1949 Conspirator tare da [[Elizabeth Taylor]] . Cley Mill sau da yawa masu zane-zane na gida ne ke nuna shi kuma shine batun zanen da mai zane-zane mai suna Rowland Hilder na karni na 20, ya zana. Cley Hall an rubuta shi ne a shekara ta 1770 kuma gidan ƙasa ne mai jan tubali. An jera zauren a matsayin Grade II tun daga shekara ta 1952. Bayan da aka rufe tashar jiragen ruwa, Cley ya '''kai''' wata masana'antu; a ƙarshen karni na 19, ya zama wurin shakatawa. Marubucin Rupert Brooke yana zaune a Cley tare da farfesa na gargajiya Francis Macdonald Cornford da matarsa, mawaki Frances Cornford, a farkon watan Agustan shekara ta 1914 lokacin da labarai suka zo cewa Burtaniya ta shiga abin da zai zama [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]. Brooke ta yi mafarki game da yakin kuma ta farka ta sami gaskiyar. Bai yi magana da masu masaukin baki ba '''duk''' rana har sai Frances Cornford ta ce, "Amma Rupert, ba za ku yi yaƙi ba?" wanda Brooke ya amsa, "Dukanmu za mu yi yaƙi". A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], an gina manyan kariya (ciki har da ramuka, ramuka da bunkers) a Cley don karewa daga yiwuwar mamayewar Jamus.<ref name="heritage.norfolk.gov.uk"/> Har ila yau, akwai sansanin fursunoni a Cley a lokacin rikici.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MNF46290 - Norfolk Heritage Explorer |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?MNF46290 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a ta 2021, Cley na gaba da Tekun yana da yawan mutane 401 wanda ke nuna raguwa daga mutane 437 da aka rubuta a ƙidayar 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cley Next The Sea (Parish, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uk/eastofengland/admin/north_norfolk/E04006402__cley_next_the_sea/ |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> The A149, tsakanin King's Lynn da Great Yarmouth, yana tafiya a tsakiyar ƙauyen, yana haifar da cunkoso a cikin watanni na rani saboda ƙananan tituna. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D;</sup> == Cocin St Margaret == Cley da ke gaba cocin Ikklisiya na Tekun an sadaukar da shi ga Saint Margaret na Antakiya kuma yana kan Cley Green. St Margaret ta kasance daga karni na 14 kuma an jera ta a matsayin Grade I tun 1960. An gina St Margaret's a kan kudin dangin mercantile de Vaux kuma masanin, William na Ramsey ne ya gina shi, kodayake an dakatar da ginin a lokacin [[Black Death]]. Cocin yana alfahari da zane-zane da yawa, wani nau'i mai zurfi na Medieval da kuma lalacewar makamai na sarauta daga mulkin Sarauniya Anne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norfolk Churches |url=http://www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/cley/cley.htm |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.norfolkchurches.co.uk}}</ref> == Cley Marshes == [[Fayil:Cley_Mill,_Norfolk.jpg|right|thumb|Cley towermill yana tsaye a gefen ƙauyen, kusa da marshes na bakin teku da cibiyar sadarwa ta tashoshin ruwa]] Yankunan da ke kusa da Cley suna da mahimmanci a duniya ga yawan su na kiwo mai ban sha'awa da tsuntsaye masu ziyara. Cley Marshes tsuntsaye ajiya ya kasance a cikin kulawar Norfolk Wildlife Trust tun 1926, yana mai da shi mafi tsufa a cikin gundumar Wildlife Trust ajiya a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cley Marshes |url=http://www.norfolkwildlifetrust.org.uk/Wildlife-in-Norfolk/Reserves/Cley-Marshes.aspx |access-date=26 March 2013 |publisher=Norfolk Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Daga cikin mazauna tsuntsaye masu kiwo akwai avocet, bearded tit, bittern, marsh harrier da spoonbill. Baƙi na hunturu sun haɗa da brent goose, Eurasian wigeon, pintail da nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu yawa. Cley, kamar makwabcin Salthouse, yana da kyau a saman tekun Arewacin Norfolk a matsayin wurin zama ga masu ƙaura, masu yawo da ƙarancin kowane irin. An buɗe sabon cibiyar baƙi mai kula da muhalli a cikin 2007 wanda ke dauke da cafe, shago, wuraren kallo (gami da kallo daga kyamara a kan ajiyar), yankin nune-nunen, fassara da bayan gida. Ra'ayi daga cibiyar baƙi a fadin marsh zuwa teku yana da ban sha'awa. Cley Marshes ita ce gidan sabis na Bayanan Tsuntsaye, masu bugawa na Birding World . Bankin shingle yana riƙe da adadi mai yawa na poppy mai launin rawaya. == Tsaro na teku == An yi amfani da gishiri da ruwan sha mai kyau sosai. Koyaya farashin sake cika murfin shingle ya karu sosai don ƙauyen ya ci gaba. Da zarar gyaran ya tsaya, ya zama da sauƙi ga raƙuman ruwa su wuce; a cikin 1953 babban guguwa, wanda aka auna a {{Cvt|5.12|m|ft}} sama da bayanan kayan aiki ya buga bakin tekun Arewacin Norfolk kuma an lalata tudun shingle. Wani guguwa mai yawa a cikin 1978 ya auna {{Cvt|4.19|m|ft}} sama da bayanan kayan aiki kuma matakan kariya sun hana ambaliyar ruwa zuwa marshes da hanyar bakin teku ta A149. Shirin Gudanar da Kogin Arewacin Norfolk wanda Hukumar Muhalli ta gabatar ya ba da shawarar dabaru da yawa a cikin hasken ci gaba da lalacewa da kuma hasashen hauhawar matakan teku da ke haifar da dumamar duniya: waɗannan sun haɗa da ''Ci gaba da layin'',''Ka riƙe layin'', ''[[Gudanar da ja da baya|Gudanar da koma baya]]'' da Kuma Ba kome ba. Ko da bayan shawarwarin jama'a da yawa akwai damuwa da yawa a cikin gida cewa marshes za su ɓace zuwa Tekun Arewa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> == Shahararrun mazauna da bayyanar a cikin kafofin watsa labarai == [[File:BBC_Balloon_over_Cley.jpg|right|thumb|BBC One balloon a kan Cley]] * William Jones dan kasuwa ne a nan a karni na 18. 'Yarsa, Charlotte Jones, ta zama sanannen mai zane-zane na Royal. * Mawallafi kuma marubucin waƙa James Blunt ya shafe lokaci, a farkon shekarunsa, a gidan kakansa kuma daga baya mahaifinsa a ƙauyen.<ref name="blunt"/> * An yi amfani da Cley Old Hall a matsayin wuri a fim din 1982 The Ploughman's Lunch . A watan Yulin 1997 BBC ta yi fim daya daga cikin hotuna na BBC One, wanda ya gudana daga 1997 zuwa 2002, a ƙauyen. == Gudanarwa == Cley na gaba Sea yana daga cikin Yankin zaɓe na Coastal don zaɓen gida kuma yana daga cikin gundumar Arewacin Norfolk . Mazabar ƙauyen ita ce Arewacin Norfolk, wanda Liberal Democrat Steff Aquarone MP ya wakilta tun 2024.Mazabar ƙauyen ita ce Arewacin Norfolk, wanda Liberal Democrat Steff Aquarone MP ya wakilta tun 2024. == Abubuwan tunawa da yaƙi == Cley da ke gaba da tunawa da yakin teku sune allunan dutse guda biyu a cikin Cocin St.Margaret. Sun lissafa sunayen da suka biyo baya don [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roll of Honour - Norfolk - Cley Next The Sea |url=https://www.roll-of-honour.com/Norfolk/CleyNextTheSea.html |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.roll-of-honour.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Geograph:: Caister to Croxton :: War Memorials in Norfolk |url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/article/War-Memorials-in-Norfolk/5 |access-date=2024-12-12 |website=www.geograph.org.uk}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Matsayi !Sunan !Rukunin !Ranar Mutuwarsa !Kabari |- |2Lt. |Raven Couzens-Hardy |4th Bn. , Rundunar Norfolk |9 ga Oktoba 1917 |Tyne Cot |- |PO |Henry Rowe |<nowiki><i id="mwARw">HMS Invincible</i></nowiki> |31 ga Mayu 1916 |Tunawa da Portsmouth |- |Matsayi |Frank Whatley |<nowiki><i id="mwASU">HMS Aboukir</i></nowiki> |22 ga Satumba, 1914 |Tunawa da Portsmouth |- |Sgt. |Ernest W. E. Gibbs |2nd Bn. , Norfolk Regt. |5 Yuni 1916 |Kabarin Yakin Kirkee |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |John T. Rayner |10th Bn. , Regiment na EssexRundunar Essex |4 ga Maris 1918 |Kabari na Seraucourt |- |St1C |Herbert W. Ellwood |''H.M. Tug Desire''{{Efn|The Desire was sunk by [[SM UB-34]] off the coast of [[Filey]], [[East Riding of Yorkshire]].}} |20 Janairu 1918 |Abin tunawa da Chatham |- |Bsth. |James W. Grimes |<nowiki><i id="mwAUk">HMS Invincible</i></nowiki> |31 ga Mayu 1916 |Tunawa da Portsmouth |- |Mai girma. |Valentine H. Pinchen |101st Bty. , Royal Garrison Artillery |29 ga watan Agusta 1918 |Kabari na Tourgéville |- |Mai girma. |Charles A. Gidney |L Bty. , Royal Horse Artillery |8 ga Satumba, 1914 |Kabari na Baron |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |George W. Weston |1st Bn. , Rundunar Bedfordshire |27 Maris 1918 |Kabari na Cremona |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Herbert Holman |4th Bn. , Bedfordshire Regt. |14 Janairu 1918 |Goma sha biyar Ravine Cem. |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |William E. Barnes |Na biyu (British Columbia Mtd.) Bn. , CEF |29 Satumba 1916 |Abin tunawa da Vimy |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |John E. Barnes |18th (Western Ontario) Bn. , CEF |15 ga Satumba 1916 |Abin tunawa da Vimy |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Bert W. E. Gibbs |11th Bn. , Rundunar Gabashin Yorkshire |4 ga Mayu 1917 |Kabari na Duisans |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |George H. Drinkwater |13th Bn. , York na Gabas. |30 Yuli, 1917 |Kabari na La Targette |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Ralph Barnes |1st Bn. , Regiment na EssexRundunar Essex |13 ga watan Agusta 1915 |Abin Tunawa da Helles |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Frederick J. Bishop |10th Bn. , Essex Regt. |17 ga Oktoba 1916 |Kabari na Burtaniya |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Bertie F. Rowe |2nd Bn. , Rundunar Norfolk |4 ga Yuli, 1916 |Kabarin Yakin Basra |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Harold J. Woodhouse |2/4th Bn. , Norfolk Regt. |17 ga Mayu 1915 |St Margaret's Churchyd. |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Cecil J. Bolton |1/5th Bn. , Norfolk Regt. |19 ga Afrilu 1917 |Bikin Tunawa da Urushalima |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Herbert W. Williamson |7th Bn. , Norfolk Regt. |20 Nuwamba 1915 |Kabari na Lillers |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Frank Loades |8th Bn. , Norfolk Regt. |19 Yuli 1916 |Abin tunawa da Thiepval |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Cecil A. Gathercole |9th Bn. , Norfolk Regt. |20 Nuwamba 1917 |Kabari na Ribécourt |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Frederick W. Brett |1/4th Bn. , 'Yan bindiga na Northumberland |25 ga Oktoba 1916 |Abin tunawa da Thiepval |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Robert W. T. Leeder |3/4th Bn. , Rundunar Sarauniya |5 ga Oktoba 1917 |Tyne Cot |- |[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Albert G. Jeary |1st Bn. , Royal Warwickshire Regt. |12 ga Oktoba 1916 |Abin tunawa da Thiepval |- |St2C |James G. Elvin |<nowiki><i id="mwAeI">HMS Vivid</i></nowiki> |13 Satumba 1918 |St Margaret's Churchyd. |- |Dhd. |George W. Grimes |H.M. Trawler ''St Ives'' |21 Disamba 1916 |Abin tunawa da Chatham |- |Mista |Lewis R. Mann |Jirgin Ruwa na Kasuwanci{{Efn|Mann was killed as a passenger aboard the [[SS Fabala]] which was sunk by [[SM U-28 (Germany)|SM U-28]].}} |28 Maris 1915 |Kabari na Callestick |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h9q8170b9gvhgtxvvp3chn1dea4tz77 0 107788 839344 734521 2026-05-23T14:56:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839344 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Cédric Wermuth'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cédric Wermuth in Baden aus Eggiwil und Italien |url=http://www.moneyhouse.ch/de/list/person/wermuth-cedric |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=Moneyhouse |language=de}}</ref> (Ana kiran shi da Jamusanci: [ˈseːdrɪk ˈvɛʁmuːt]; an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1986) ɗan siyasan [[Switzerland]] ne wanda a halin yanzu ke aiki a Majalisar Kasa ta Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Switzerland tun 2011. A halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin co-shugaban Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (SP) tare da Mattea Meyer . Ya taba aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Young Socialists of Switzerland (JUSO) kuma tsohon mataimakin shugaban SP.({{IPA|de|ˈseːdrɪk ˈvɛʁmuːt}}{{IPA|de|ˈseːdrɪk ˈvɛʁmuːt}}{{IPA|de|ˈseːdrɪk ˈvɛʁmuːt}}). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wermuth a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1986 a Jegenstorf, Switzerland, babba cikin 'ya'ya maza biyu, ga Otto Wermuth, malamin [[Ilimi Na Musamman|ilimi na musamman]], da Laurence Wermuth (née Dind; 1953-2014).<ref name="schweizer">{{Cite web |last=Scheurer |first=Lynn |date=30 August 2019 |title=Die andere Seite des Cédric Wermuth |url=https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/people/swiss-stars/die-andere-seite-des-cedric-wermuth |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831030442/https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/people/swiss-stars/die-andere-seite-des-cedric-wermuth |archive-date=31 August 2019 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[Schweizer Illustrierte]] |language=de}}</ref><ref name="handel">{{Cite web |last=Müller |first=Leo |date=19 March 2013 |title=Machtnetz von Cédric Wermuth: Der Neinsager |url=https://www.handelszeitung.ch/panorama/machtnetz-von-cedric-wermuth-der-neinsager |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010005609/https://www.handelszeitung.ch/panorama/machtnetz-von-cedric-wermuth-der-neinsager |archive-date=10 October 2020 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[Handelszeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> Yana da ƙaramin ɗan'uwa Yann Wermuth (an haife shi a shekara ta 1989). <ref name="schweizer" /> <ref name="family" /><ref name="profile">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=ÜBER CÉDRIC |url=https://cedricwermuth.ch/ueber-mich/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106042009/https://cedricwermuth.ch/ueber-mich/ |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=Cédric Wermuth |language=de}}</ref> Iyalin mahaifinsa sun fito ne daga Eggiwil. Yana da kakarsa da aka haifa a Italiya daga Yankin Trentino Alto Adige mai magana da Jamusanci wanda ya tsere wa Fascism a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] kuma ya zo Switzerland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cédric Wermuth: «Über das möchte ich öffentlich nicht reden» |url=https://www.bluewin.ch/de/leben/lifestyle/cedric-wermuth-ich-bin-kein-besonders-guter-verlierer-231132.html |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=blue News |language=de}}</ref> An haifi Wermuth a wani bangare a Stetten, Lenzburg, Bünzen, Boswil, Baden, da Freiamt.<ref name="profile"/><ref name="handel"/> Girmansa ya haɗa da zama a gonaki.<ref name="farms">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Cédric Wermuth, SP |url=https://bvaargau.ch/c%C3%A9dric-wermuth-sp |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=Bauernverband Aargau |language=de |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107231446/https://bvaargau.ch/c%C3%A9dric-wermuth-sp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cedric Wermuth ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Wohlen <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eva |date=5 September 2019 |title=Portrait Ständeratswahlen - Als Linker will Cédric Wermuth das Stöckli aufmischen |url=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/aargau/kanton-aargau/als-linker-will-cedric-wermuth-das-stockli-aufmischen-ld.1384045 |access-date=11 November 2021 |website=[[Aargauer Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> kuma ya halarci Jami'ar Zürich, inda ya yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa, tarihi, tattalin arziki, da falsafar. <ref name="profile"/> Yana da Digiri na lasisi / Master of Arts.<ref name="parliament">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Cédric Wermuth |url=https://www.parlament.ch/de/biografie/c%C3%A9dric-wermuth/4057 |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=[[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)|Federal Assembly]] |language=de}}</ref><ref name="handel"/> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ya zama memba na Young Socialists of Switzerland (JUSO) yana da shekaru goma sha uku <ref name="hero">{{Cite web |last=Jikhareva |first=Anne |last2=Jirát |first2=Jan |date=19 December 2019 |title="Die Zeit der Helden ist abgelaufen" |url=https://www.woz.ch/-a3ac |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219195957/https://www.woz.ch/-a3ac |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[WOZ Die Wochenzeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> kuma Wermuth ya shiga siyasa ne lokacin da yake dan shekara goma sha biyar. Ya rubuta wasika ga editan yana sukar daya daga cikin marubutan jaridar saboda rashin jaddada siyasar dama a garinsu.<ref name="20min">{{Cite web |last=Kayser |first=Romana |date=21 August 2015 |title="Bundesrat? Das könnt ich der Familie nicht antun" |url=https://www.20min.ch/story/bundesrat-das-koennt-ich-der-familie-nicht-antun-253663618212 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=20 Minuten |language=de}}</ref> Ya sami kira da yawa na barazana da mahimmanci daga masu karatu; iyayensa sun yi ƙoƙari su kare shi ba tare da kare shi ba.<ref name="20min" /><ref name="family" /> A cikin tsakiyar shekarun 2000s, ya zama "siyasa da gaske" ta hanyar hulɗar da ya yi da ƙungiyoyin Nazi a makarantarsa kuma ya yi aiki tukuru don kawar da ka'idodin makirci na anti-Semitic kamar waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin ''Yarjejeniyar Dattawan Sihiyona'' . <ref name="nazis">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Interview mit Cédric Wermuth: Antisemitische Verschwörungsfantasien und deren Dynamik in einer Welt in der Krise |url=https://www.gra.ch/interview-cedric-wermuth/ |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=GRA |language=de}}</ref> Ya zama babban sakatare na JUSO a cikin 2005, <ref name="hero"/> kuma ya zama shugabanta tsakanin 2008 da 2011. <ref name="juso2">{{Cite web |date=17 October 2020 |title=Neues SP-Präsidium - SP wählt Mattea Meyer und Cédric Wermuth an die Parteispitze |url=https://www.srf.ch/news/schweiz/neues-sp-praesidium-sp-waehlt-mattea-meyer-und-cedric-wermuth-an-die-parteispitze |access-date=15 January 2021 |website=Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) |language=de}}</ref> <ref name="profile"/> A cikin 2010 an yanke masa hukuncin tara saboda keta <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehlin |first=Rosmarie |date=3 November 2010 |title=Hausbesetzung - Einsprachen abgelehnt: Zehn Jusos gehen baden |url=https://www.badenertagblatt.ch/aargau/baden/einsprachen-abgelehnt-zehn-jusos-gehen-baden-ld.2032933 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106070037/https://www.badenertagblatt.ch/aargau/baden/einsprachen-abgelehnt-zehn-jusos-gehen-baden-ld.2032933 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=6 November 2021 |website=[[Badener Tagblatt]] |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2010 |title=SP-Vizepräsident Cédric Wermuth wegen Hausfriedensbruchs verurteilt |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/ger/alle-news-in-kuerze/sp-vizepraesident-c%C3%A9dric-wermuth-wegen-hausfriedensbruchs-verurteilt/8324218 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627182005/https://www.swissinfo.ch/ger/alle-news-in-kuerze/sp-vizepraesident-c%C3%A9dric-wermuth-wegen-hausfriedensbruchs-verurteilt/8324218 |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=6 November 2021 |website=[[Swissinfo]] |language=de}}</ref> shiga cikin squat na otal a Baden a cikin 2000 yana aiki na sirri. Urs Hofmann; kuma a cikin haɗin gwiwar ci gaba don Solidar Suisse . <ref name="profile" /> <ref name="handel"/> Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Mazauna Baden daga 2010 zuwa 2011. <ref name="parliament"/> A shekarar 2011, watanni kadan bayan murabus dinsa na shugaban JUSO, ya shiga majalisar kasa a matsayin mamba na Hukumar Kudi da kuma shugaban wani karamin kwamiti na kudi. <ref name="profile" /> <ref name="parliament" /> Jim kadan bayan haka, an zabe shi a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisar tarayya ta SP. <ref name="profile" /> <ref name="profile" /> 2015, ya koma Hukumar ‘Yan Siyasa ta Jiha da Hukumar Binciken Kasuwanci, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 2019 da <ref name="parliament" /> <ref name="parliament" /> Ya kasance dan takarar Majalisar Dokokin Swiss na Canton Aargau a Zaben Tarayya na Oktoba 2019, <ref name=":0"/> amma ba a zabe shi ba. Amma a lokacin zaben shi ma ya kasance dan takarar majalisar kasa, inda aka sake zabe shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Cédric Wermuth (SP) zieht Kandidatur zurück |url=https://www.bote.ch/nachrichten/schweiz/cedric-wermuth-sp-zieht-kandidatur-zurueck;art46447,1203779 |access-date=11 November 2021 |website=[[Bote der Urschweiz]] |language=de}}</ref> Tun daga 2021, yana cikin wa'adinsa na uku na majalisa kuma wani ɓangare na Hukumar Tattalin Arziƙi da Haraji. <ref name="parliament" /> Ya kuma tuntubi Spinas Civil Voices, kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Zürich . <ref name="profile" /> Shi da Mattea Meyer an zabe su a matsayin shugabannin jam'iyyar SP a shekarar 2020 yayin da Christian Levrat ya sauka.<ref name="interview">{{Cite web |last=Balhorn |first=Loren |date=16 February 2020 |title="Stopping Things Getting Worse Isn't Enough" |url=https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/10/switzerland-social-democratic-party-sp-copresidents |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=Jacobin Mag |language=en}}</ref><ref name="parliament"/> Sun samu kashi 96% na kuri'un.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2020 |title=New SP Presidium – SP elects Mattea Meyer and Cédric Wermuth to the party leadership – News |url=https://www.archyde.com/new-sp-presidium-sp-elects-mattea-meyer-and-cedric-wermuth-to-the-party-leadership-news/ |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=Archyde |language=en}}</ref> A cikin watanni masu zuwa, abokan adawar SP sun lakafta Wermuth shiru da rashin sha'awa kamar yadda suka saba da Meyer, wanda suka yi tunanin yana da ƙarin kasancewar.<ref name="ZT" /> A mayar da martani, ya soki su saboda zaton za ta yi aikin sakatariya yayin da yake aiki a matsayin fuskar shugabancin su.<ref name="ZT">{{Cite web |last=Berger |first=Eva |last2=Cavalli |first2=Rolf |date=27 July 2020 |title=Wie viel Sozialismus verträgt die Schweiz, Cédric Wermuth? |url=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/schweiz/wie-viel-sozialismus-vertragt-die-schweiz-cedric-wermuth-ld.1304299 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515230948/https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/schweiz/wie-viel-sozialismus-vertragt-die-schweiz-cedric-wermuth-ld.1304299 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |access-date=10 November 2021 |publisher=[[Aargauer Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> Ya kuma nuna cewa an tambayi Meyer tambayoyi game da ma'auni na aiki / iyali yayin kamfen ɗin su yayin da bai kasance ba, da kuma yadda wasikar ƙiyayya da zargi sau da yawa suna ƙunshe da barazanar tashin hankali na jima'i ba kamar nasa ba.<ref name="watson">{{Cite web |last=Bernet |first=Christoph |date=6 February 2021 |title=SVP-Gutjahr vs. SP-Wermuth: "Das könnten sich die Frauen niemals erlauben!" |url=https://www.watson.ch/schweiz/gesellschaft%20&%20politik/498031012-frauenstimmrecht-cedric-wermuth-und-diana-gutjahr-im-streitgespraech |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=Watson |language=de}}</ref> Yana da daraja yin aiki tare da mutane da akida daban-daban.<ref name="ZT"/> Duk da rashin amincewa da siyasa, shi da Thierry Burkart, wanda kuma ke wakiltar Aargau, sun kafa Kwamitin Mittelland Rail Link, wanda ke da niyyar inganta sufuri a cikin canton.<ref name="profile"/> Ya kuma hada kai da wadanda ke cikin jam'iyyarsa; ya rubuta Die Service-Public-Revolution, wanda aka buga a 2020, tare da marubucin Beat Ringger kuma a halin yanzu yana rubuta littafi tare da Mattea Meyer.<ref name="urs">{{Cite web |last=Schnell |first=Urs |date=2 October 2020 |title=Cédric Wermuth will Corona-Krise nutzen |url=https://www.infosperber.ch/politik/schweiz/cedric-wermuth-will-corona-krise-nutzen/ |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=InfoSperber |language=de}}</ref><ref name="interview"/> == Matsayi na siyasa == Wermuth yana goyon bayan siyasa ta hagu kuma yana son SP ta zama mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi.<ref name="woz">{{Cite web |last=Surber |first=Kaspar |date=7 March 2019 |title="Ein unkritisches Ja ist langfristig falsch" |url=https://www.woz.ch/-969e |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402045452/https://www.woz.ch/-969e |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[WOZ Die Wochenzeitung]] |language=de}}</ref><ref name="handel"/><ref name="bluewin">{{Cite web |last=Bötschi |first=Bruno |date=12 April 2019 |title=Cédric Wermuth: "Je ne désire pas en parler publiquement" |url=https://www.bluewin.ch/fr/lifestyle/cedric-wermuth-je-ne-desire-pas-en-parler-publiquement-235216.html |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=blue news |language=fr}}</ref> Yayinda abokan adawar SP ke kiransu "Jam'iyyar haramtacciyar doka" saboda matsalolin da suke da niyyar sanyawa a kan kamfanoni, Wermuth da Meyer suna son a san shi da "Jam" 'Yanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Renz |first=Fabian |date=28 August 2021 |title=Wermuth und Meyer wollen SP zur Freiheitspartei formen |url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wermuth-und-meyer-wollen-sp-zur-freiheitspartei-formen-851188779232 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828042046/https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wermuth-und-meyer-wollen-sp-zur-freiheitspartei-formen-851188779232 |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=[[Tages Anzeiger]] |language=de}}</ref> === Canjin yanayi === Wermuth da iyalinsa suna zaune a cikin hadin gwiwar gidaje, suna raba mota tare da wasu iyalai, kuma suna sayen kayan lambu kai tsaye daga tushe don rage sawun su.<ref name="profile"/> Ya ɗauki canjin yanayi a matsayin batun aji kuma yana so ya kara gina gidaje marasa riba da faɗaɗa hasken rana don adana muhalli da inganta ingancin rayuwa ga iyalai matalauta.<ref name="interview"/><ref name="urs"/> Ya yi tunanin Switzerland ya kamata ta shiga cikin Green New Deal kuma ya kamata a rage tafiye-tafiye na mota da jirgin sama a fadin hukumar. <ref name="switzerland" /> <ref name="urs" /><ref name="socialist">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2021 |title=Cédric Wermuth wants Switzerland closer to Europe |url=https://news.in-24.com/news/11321.html |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=News.in-24 |language=en |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106043510/https://news.in-24.com/news/11321.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya sami "tunani na ɗabi'a" cewa duk mutane suna da alhakin dumamar duniya "ba daidai ba" saboda kamfanoni sun yi kuma suna ci gaba da yin mafi yawan lalacewa.<ref name="bluewin"/> Ga Asusun Duniya na Duniya na 2012 na Duniya, ya yi wa mutanen Switzerland alkawari cewa idan zai iya samun mutane 200 su hau kekunansu sau da yawa, zai tsabtace kekunansu.<ref name="bikes">{{Cite web |last=Neidhart |first=Philippe |date=3 June 2012 |title=Cédric Wermuth schrubbt und poliert für ein besseres Klima |url=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/aargau/baden/cedric-wermuth-schrubbt-und-poliert-fur-ein-besseres-klima-ld.1921579 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106042008/https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/aargau/baden/cedric-wermuth-schrubbt-und-poliert-fur-ein-besseres-klima-ld.1921579 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[Aargauer Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> A ƙarshe, ya tsabtace kaɗan ne kawai, amma duk da haka ya ɗauki nasara.<ref name="bikes" /> === COVID-19 === Wermuth yana tunanin cewa, kamar sauran ƙasashe da yawa, Switzerland na iya magance fitowar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] yadda ya kamata.<ref name="lucify">{{Cite web |last=Krasniqi |first=Hava Kurti |date=6 April 2020 |title=Interview mit Cédric Wermuth |url=https://www.lucify.ch/2020/04/06/interview-mit-cedric-wermuth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808082555/https://www.lucify.ch/2020/04/06/interview-mit-cedric-wermuth/ |archive-date=8 August 2020 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=Lucify |language=de}}</ref> Duk da yake shi da kansa ba ya son Fasfo na COVID, ya yi imanin cewa dole ne kowa ya yi rawar da ya taka don kawar da kwayar cutar kuma ta haka ne ya jefa kuri'a don amincewa da Dokar COVID-19.<ref name="verkackt">{{Cite web |last=Thomi |first=Samuel |date=8 May 2021 |title="Verkackt": SP-Wermuth attackiert FDP-Bundesräte wegen EU-Verhandlungen |url=https://www.bzbasel.ch/news-service/inland-schweiz/delegiertenversammlung-sp-ld.2134750 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508102251/https://www.bzbasel.ch/news-service/inland-schweiz/delegiertenversammlung-sp-ld.2134750 |archive-date=8 May 2021 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=[[Basellandschaftliche Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref><ref name="covid19">{{Cite web |last=Cassidy |first=Alan |date=1 November 2021 |title="Ich bin mit Impfskepsis vertraut" |url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ich-bin-mit-impfskepsis-vertraut-202000239381 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101192111/https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/ich-bin-mit-impfskepsis-vertraut-202000239381 |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=[[Tages Anzeiger]] |language=de}}</ref> Ya yi tunanin, duk da haka, cewa allurar rigakafi ita ce hanya mafi inganci don kawo karshen annobar kuma wannan ya kamata ya zama babban abin da aka mayar da hankali.<ref name="covid19" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aebi |first=Mischa |date=31 October 2021 |title=Marco Chiesa verweigert Impfaufruf der Parteipräsidenten |url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/marco-chiesa-verweigert-impfaufruf-der-parteipraesidenten-261269539945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030222121/https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/marco-chiesa-verweigert-impfaufruf-der-parteipraesidenten-261269539945 |archive-date=30 October 2021 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=[[Tages Anzeiger]]}}</ref> === Halatta miyagun ƙwayoyi === A shekara ta 2008, ya sha sigari yayin da yake tattauna ka'ido da cannabis a lokacin taron Majalisar Dokoki don nuna goyon bayansa na kawar da shi.<ref name="english">{{Cite web |last=Mir |first=Meritxell |date=7 December 2011 |title=Young Socialist amazed by WEF plaudits |url=https://www.thelocal.ch/20111207/1965/ |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=[[The Local]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bluewin"/><ref name="schweizer"/> === Tattalin Arziki === Kasuwanci da haɗama na kamfanoni suna daga cikin manyan abubuwan da Wermuth ke mayar da hankali.<ref name="nau">{{Cite web |last=Krummenacher |first=Christoph |date=28 January 2019 |title=SP streitet über Verhältnis von Religion und Politik |url=https://www.nau.ch/politik/bundeshaus/sp-streitet-uber-verhaltnis-von-religion-und-politik-65476120 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=NAU |language=de}}</ref> Ya yi imanin jari-hujja ba daidai ba ne kuma mutane da yawa suna bi da ita kamar addini, musamman masu arziki.<ref name="nau" /><ref name="english"/> Ya kasance mai goyon baya mai ƙarfi na shirin 99%, wanda ke da niyyar kara rarraba dukiya ta hanyar kara haraji kan ribar jari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2021 |title="Der mit Lohn ist immer mehr der Dumme": Wermuth wettert gegen "Privilegien für Reiche" |url=https://www.bzbasel.ch/videos/99-prozent-initiative-der-mit-lohn-ist-immer-mehr-der-dumme-wermuth-wettert-gegen-privilegien-fuer-reiche-ld.2178970 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=BZ Basel |language=de |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106042008/https://www.bzbasel.ch/videos/99-prozent-initiative-der-mit-lohn-ist-immer-mehr-der-dumme-wermuth-wettert-gegen-privilegien-fuer-reiche-ld.2178970 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="verkackt"/><ref name="msn" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiser |first=Urs |date=26 September 2021 |title=Push for more wealth distribution flops at ballot box |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/push-for-wealth-distribution-set-to-fail-at-ballot-box/46965580 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926101006/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/push-for-wealth-distribution-set-to-fail-at-ballot-box/46965580 |archive-date=26 September 2021 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[Swissinfo]] |language=en}}</ref> Bai yi imani da cewa kamfanoni, kamfanoni, da masu arziki suna biyan haraji sosai ba, kuma wannan ba bisa ka'ida ba ne saboda Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya bukaci "haraji bisa ga aikin tattalin arziki". <ref name="english" /> Ya yi imani da ƙimar albashi - mafi girman albashi bai kamata ya zama fiye da 12x mafi ƙarancin albashi a cikin kamfanin a duk matakan ba - da mafi ƙaranci albashi, wanda a halin yanzu bai wanzu a Switzerland ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Felber-Eisele |first=Philipp |date=2 June 2021 |title=SP ergreift Referendum gegen Steuer erleichterung |url=https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/sp-ergreift-referendum-gegen-steuer-erleichterung-205800410605 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=Tages Anzeiger |language=de}}</ref><ref name="msn" /><ref name="handel"/> Ya yi tunanin cewa zanga-zangar masu arziki game da waɗannan dabi'u masu daidaituwa ta hanyar barazanar haifar da rikicin tattalin arziki, kuma kamfanoni sune dalilin da ya sa gwamnatoci ba za su iya samun mafita ba.<ref name="ZT"/><ref name="msn" /> Bai ɗauki dukiya laifi ba amma yana tunanin ci gaba da gwagwarmayar ajiya da tara dukiya laifi ne.<ref name="msn">{{Cite web |last=Studer |first=Ruedi |date=15 September 2021 |title=SP-Co-Chef Cédric Wermuth zur Juso-Initiative: "Einige wenige sind einfach verdammt reich geworden" |url=https://www.msn.com/de-ch/nachrichten/politik/sp-co-chef-c%C3%A9dric-wermuth-zur-juso-initiative-einige-wenige-sind-einfach-verdammt-reich-geworden/ar-AAOpW5d? |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=MSN |language=de}}</ref> Ya ba da alhakin biyu ga kamfanoni: inshora cewa ba a yi amfani da haƙƙin ɗan adam na ma'aikatansu ba, da kuma ɗaukar alhakin lokacin da aka yi kuskure. Ya yi la'akari da cewa ayyukan da aka saba gani a matsayin aikin mata, kamar aikin jinya da kula da yara, ba a biya su sosai ba kuma bai kamata 'yan siyasa su yi fiye da mutane a cikin waɗannan sana'o'i ba.<ref name="watson"/><ref name="bluewin"/><ref name="ZT"/> === Jinsi, jima'i, da iyali === Wermuth ya yi imani da daidaito na aure, mafi daidaito iyaye kuma yana ɗaukar kansa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2017 |title=Hopes rise for gay marriage in Switzerland |url=https://www.thelocal.com/20170630/hopes-rise-for-gay-marriage-in-switzerland/ |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=[[The Local]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="verkackt"/><ref name="feminism">{{Cite web |last=Bernet |first=Christoph |date=2 May 2021 |title="Das könnten sich Frauen niemals erlauben!": SP-Feminist Wermuth und SVP-Unternehmerin Gutjahr über Gleichstellung |url=https://www.bzbasel.ch/schweiz/streitgespraech-das-koennten-sich-frauen-niemals-erlauben-sp-feminist-wermuth-und-svp-unternehmerin-gutjahr-ueber-gleichstellung-ld.2095558?reduced=true |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=BZ Basel |language=de}}</ref> Ya ba da shawarar bayar da tallafin Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa makonni 38 - don raba tsakanin iyaye biyu - na hutu bayan haihuwar ɗansu. <ref name="lucify"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruiz |first=Rebecca |date=5 December 2015 |title=Résolution pour un congé parental ou paternité |url=https://www.rebeccaruiz.ch/2015/12/05/resolution-pour-un-conge-parental-ou-paternite/ |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=Rebecca Ruiz |language=fr |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106042010/https://www.rebeccaruiz.ch/2015/12/05/resolution-pour-un-conge-parental-ou-paternite/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana son kula da yara na waje ya zama kyauta kuma ya zama wurin tabbatarwa a kula da yara ga duk yara na Switzerland.<ref name="watson"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeanneret |first=Elisa |date=26 August 2020 |title=SRF verschiebt Aufzeichnung für Cédric Wermuth |url=https://www.nau.ch/politik/bundeshaus/srf-verschiebt-aufzeichnung-fur-cedric-wermuth-65768817 |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=NAU |language=de}}</ref><ref name="ZT"/> Kyakkyawan ma'auni na aiki / rayuwa ga membobin Majalisar Dokoki da sauran 'yan siyasa wani abu ne da ya goyi bayan.<ref name="ZT" /> Har sai daidaito tsakanin maza da mata ya zama kasa da matsala a cikin al'umma, Wermuth ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a buƙaci hayar ma'aikata don dakatar da "maza marasa kyau" hayar ma da "mace marasa kyau", yayin da mata masu ƙwarewa dole ne su sunkuya baya har ma da su yi la'akari da su.<ref name="bluewin"/><ref name="watson" /> Nuna bambanci tsakanin maza da mata lamari ne na zamantakewa kuma a bayyane yake cewa maza ya kamata su kasance masu sha'awar kuma su shiga cikin tallafawa mata da rage rashin daidaito.<ref name="feminism"/><ref name="watson"/> Ya kuma yi imanin cewa zubar da ciki shine zaɓin mace kuma cewa haƙƙin mata haƙƙin ɗan adam ne.<ref name="bluewin" /><ref name="ZT"/> Ya halarci Marches na Mata tare da matarsa da 'ya'yansa mata.<ref name="bluewin" /> Abinda kawai ya shafi 'yancin mata shi ne ko ya halatta karuwanci saboda yana iya ganin nagarta da mugunta a kowane yanke shawara.<ref name="bluewin" /> === Dangantaka da shige da fice === Wermuth yana goyon bayan Switzerland ta shiga [[Tarayyar Turai]] (EU) amma yana buƙatar abubuwa da yawa su faru kafin a iya gane shi.<ref name="socialist" /> Dole ne Switzerland ta tabbatar da kanta ta hadin kai kuma dole ne a dauki matakai don tabbatar da ayyukan jama'a da kariya ta albashi.<ref name="vonmatt">{{Cite web |last=von Matt |first=Othmar |date=11 May 2021 |title=Zerreissen die EU-Frage und der Rahmenvertrag die SP, Herr Wermuth? |url=https://www.bzbasel.ch/schweiz/interview-zerreisst-europa-und-der-rahmenvertrag-die-sp-herr-wermuth-ld.2136105 |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=BZ Basel |language=de}}</ref> Wadannan bukatun ya kamata su shafi 'yan ƙasar Switzerland da kuma kowa da kowa da kowa a cikin EU.<ref name="socialist"/> Ya kamata a ba yara fasfo na Switzerland a lokacin haihuwa idan an haife su a Switzerland, ba tare da la'akari da asalin iyayensu ba, kuma ya kamata mutanen Switzerland su san akalla yaren ƙasa ɗaya (Swiss, Jamusanci, ko Faransanci) maimakon Turanci kawai.<ref name="ZT"/><ref name="swissjews">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2019 |title=Politprofis am jewpa |url=https://www.swissjews.ch/de/news/sig-news/politprofis-am-jewpa/ |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindebund |language=de}} [[Rukuni:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> Ya yi imanin cewa hadin kan Turai da ci gaban zamantakewa na iya yiwuwa.<ref name="woz"/> Har ila yau, yana goyon bayan kasashe masu goyon baya da ake la'akari da batutuwa masu zafi; a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin co-shugaban kungiyoyin 'yan majalisa na Switzerland-Kosovo da Swiss-Syriac. <ref name="parliament"/> Ya ba Kosovo cikakken goyon bayansa sau da yawa <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2021 |title=Prime Minister Kurti hosted the Co-President of Switzerland's Social Democratic Party, Cédric Wermuth |url=https://kryeministri.rks-gov.net/en/prime-minister-kurti-hosted-the-co-president-of-switzerlands-social-democratic-party-cedric-wermuth/ |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=Krye Ministri |language=en |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106042009/https://kryeministri.rks-gov.net/en/prime-minister-kurti-hosted-the-co-president-of-switzerlands-social-democratic-party-cedric-wermuth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ya ɗauki matsayin mai tsarki na siyasa ga [[Belarus|Belarusian]] Viktoryia Mirontsava, wanda ke kurkuku a Belarus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=President Osmani received the Swiss MP, Cédric Wermuth |url=https://president-ksgov.net/en/news/president-osmani-received-the-swiss-mp-cedric-wermuth |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=President of the Republic of Kosovo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2021 |title=Members of Parliament from Switzerland take over godparenthood for Ala Sharko, Anastasiya Mirontsava and Viktoryia Mirontsava |url=https://www.lphr.org/en/valerie-piller-carrard-national-council-sp-mattea-meyer-national-council-sp-and-cedric-wermuth-national-council-sp-have-taken-over-a-godparenthood-for-political-prisoners-in-belarus/ |access-date=4 November 2021 |publisher=LPHR |language=en}}</ref> Yana jin daɗi sosai game da tattaunawar bakin haure saboda tarihin iyalinsa na 'yan gudun hijira kuma yana kiran duk rikicin' yan gudun hijira "saboda rashin daidaito da cin zarafi". <ref name="bluewin"/><ref name="ZT"/> === Sauran batutuwa === Wermuth tana goyan bayan ra'ayin Switzerland a matsayin jihar jin dadin kuma cewa ayyukan zamantakewa kamar tsaro na zamantakewa ga masu aiki da kansu; fansho; ƙananan kudaden kiwon lafiya; kariya ta sallama ga waɗanda suka wuce 50; kuma intanet mai girma da sadarwar wayar hannu kyauta ya kamata su kasance ga duk mazauna. <ref name="ZT"/> <ref name="lucify"/><ref name="farms"/> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da rabuwa da coci da jihar, ya tambayi dalilin da ya sa, idan akwai Allah, mutane da yawa suna jin yunwa, kuma ta yaya, idan Allah ba mai iko ba ne, kasancewarsa a kotu zai taimaka. Wermuth ya kuma yi aiki tare da kungiyoyin [[Yahudawa]] don samun ra'ayoyinsu game da adawa da Yahudawa a Switzerland da kuma ƙarin koyo game da Yahudanci.<ref name="swissjews"/> Ya kammala shi ne cewa Switzerland ba ta yin isasshen don lalata adawa da Yahudawa ko amfani da adawa da antisemitism don yin tsattsauran ra'ayi ga [[Musulmi|Musulmai]].<ref name="nazis"/> Cédric Wermuth da ɗan'uwansa Yann sun girma ne a cikin iyali mai sassaucin ra'ayi wanda ke mai da hankali kan fuskantar rashin daidaito da taimakawa waɗanda ke cikin bukata. Mahaifin su ya ce shi da matarsa ba su taɓa zama a kansu ba don bayyana dabi'unsu da akidarsu, amma yaran sun koyi daga abubuwan da suka faru tun suna yara.<ref name="family" /> Otto ya shiga cikin SP kuma Laurence ya shiga cikin kamfen ɗin adawa da nukiliya.<ref name="20min"/> Sun gayyaci 'yan gudun hijira - musamman wadanda suka fito daga [[Yugoslav Wars|Yugoslavia]] a cikin shekarun 1990 - zuwa gidansu kuma sun yi abin da za su iya don tallafawa waɗannan iyalai.<ref name="profile"/><ref name="schweizer"/> Cédric ya yaba da waɗannan abubuwan a matsayin inda sha'awarsa ga adalci na zamantakewa ya fara.<ref name="profile" /> Shi da Yann an ba su isasshen ikon cin gashin kansu da girma har suka bunkasa tsarin kansu da horo; iyayensu ba su taɓa amfani da azabtarwa ta jiki ba ko abin da Cédric ke magana a kai a matsayin "tsarin mulkin mallaka". <ref name="family" /> Iyalin suna karantawa sosai kuma yaran biyu sun ci nasara a makaranta.<ref name="family" /> Laurence ta yi gwagwarmaya da rikicewar bipolar kuma ta yi yunkurin kashe kanta da yawa a duk rayuwarta, musamman lokacin da take fuskantar abubuwan da suka faru na baƙin ciki.<ref name="schweizer"/> Ta mutu a Boswil a shekarar 2014 saboda hadari.<ref name="schweizer" /><ref name="bluewin"/> Cédric ya yi imanin cewa rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa bai kamata ya zama haramtacce ba kuma yana da "girman zama dan mahaifiyata". <ref name="schweizer" /> Ya bayyana ta a matsayin "mutumin da ya fi dacewa" da ya taɓa saduwa da shi. Wermuth da matarsa Anja suna zaune a cikin Minergie-P-Eco mai tabbatarwa a Zofingen tare da 'ya'yansu mata biyu.<ref name="private">{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Cédric Wermuth mit Freundin und privat |url=https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/cedric-wermuth-mit-freundin-und-privat |access-date=5 November 2021 |publisher=Schweizer Illustrierte |language=de |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106042016/https://www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch/cedric-wermuth-mit-freundin-und-privat |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="profile"/><ref name="parliament"/> Ita malama ce kuma mai fassara a Lucerne; Wermuth ya ce ya janyo hankalinsa ga ita saboda ita ce "ta farko da ta kai shi a ƙarƙashin teburin". <ref name="private" /> Yana da 'yan ƙasa biyu na Switzerland da Italiya.<ref name="handel"/><ref name="schweizer"/><ref name="woz"/> A lokacin yarinta da kuma rayuwarsa ta girma, ya yi sha'awar Rosa Luxemburg, Micheline Calmy-Rey, [[Ruth Dreifuss]], da [[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]], kuma yana fatan ya sami tawali'u na [[Roger Federer]].<ref name="lucify"/><ref name="bluewin"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dc1w72warnoagw4tfn23uenbakminju 0 108678 839519 712664 2026-05-23T21:40:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Fitar da namun daji ko fataucin namun daji ya shafi tattarawa da cinikayya ba bisa ka'ida ba da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari da kuma kare namun daji, gami da tsire-tsire da kayan aiki ko samfuran da ke amfani da nau'ikan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Smart |first=Utpal |last2=Cihlar |first2=Jennifer Churchill |last3=Budowle |first3=Bruce |date=2021-09-01 |title=International Wildlife Trafficking: A perspective on the challenges and potential forensic genetics solutions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872497321000880 |journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics |language=en |volume=54 |doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102551 |issn=1872-4973 |pmid=34134047 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bincike kan safarar dabbobi na daji ya karu, duk da haka, ilimin cinikin haram ya kasance iyakance. Bambance-bambance tsakanin manufofi da halaye na kasa da kasa suna iya ba da gudummawa ga ƙididdigar ƙididdigatattun ƙididdigas na safarar namun daji, ko'ina daga dala biliyan 5 zuwa 23, tare da ƙarin dala biliyan 67 zuwa 193 lokacin da aka haɗa katako da kifi.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=van Uhm |first=Daan |last2=South |first2=Nigel |last3=Wyatt |first3=Tanya |date=2021-12-01 |title=Connections between trades and trafficking in wildlife and drugs |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-021-09416-z |journal=Trends in Organized Crime |language=en |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=425–446 |doi=10.1007/s12117-021-09416-z |issn=1936-4830 |pmc=8129602 |pmid=34025109}}</ref> Ci gaban da ake yi na safarar dabbobi ya sa ya zama kamfani na huɗu mafi girma a duniya bayan miyagun ƙwayoyi, bindiga, da fataucin mutane. Kayayyakin da kasuwancin ke buƙata sun haɗa da amma ba a iyakance su ga hauren giwa ba, [[Naman daji|nama na daji]], maganin gargajiya, da dabbobi masu ban sha'awa. Kasar Sin da Amurka sune manyan masu siye a cikin kasuwancin dabbobin daji ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Guynup |first=Sharon |last2=Shepherd |first2=Chris R. |last3=Shepherd |first3=Loretta |year=2020 |title=The True Costs of Wildlife Trafficking |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=21 |pages=28–37 |doi=10.1353/gia.2020.0023 |s2cid=225096811 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sau da yawa ya haɗa da wasu ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar kwantar da hankalin dabbobi ba tare da izini ba. == Al'adu == A lokuta da yawa, al'ada tana da mahimmanci a cikin fataucin namun daji. Sau da yawa akwai tushen gargajiya ko al'amuran al'umma a bayan dalilan da suka sa takamaiman namun daji ke fuskantar haɗarin yin niyya idan ya zo ga magungunan gargajiya, kayan ado, kayan ado.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last3=Rachel Nuwer}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Rock |first=Katherine I. |last2=MacMillan |first2=Douglas C. |date=2022-02-01 |title=Can Substitutes Reduce Future Demand for Wildlife Products: A Case Study of China's Millennial Generation |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00279-0 |journal=Human Ecology |language=en |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=91–111 |bibcode=2022HumEc..50...91R |doi=10.1007/s10745-021-00279-0 |issn=1572-9915 |pmc=8572063 |pmid=34776585}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bortolamiol |first=Sarah |last2=Feuillet |first2=Thierry |last3=Kagoro |first3=Wilson |last4=Namirembe |first4=Rukia |last5=Asalu |first5=Edward |last6=Krief |first6=Sabrina |date=2023 |title=Illegal Harvesting within a Protected Area: Spatial Distribution of Activities, Social Drivers of Wild Meat Consumption, and Wildlife Conservation |journal=Animals |language=en |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=771 |doi=10.3390/ani13050771 |issn=2076-2615 |pmc=10000183 |pmid=36899628 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stringham |first=Oliver C. |last2=García-Díaz |first2=Pablo |last3=Toomes |first3=Adam |last4=Mitchell |first4=Lewis |last5=Ross |first5=Joshua V. |last6=Cassey |first6=Phillip |date=2021 |title=Live reptile smuggling is predicted by trends in the legal exotic pet trade |journal=Conservation Letters |language=en |volume=14 |issue=6 |bibcode=2021ConL...14E2833S |doi=10.1111/conl.12833 |issn=1755-263X |s2cid=238678892 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Tare da taimakon duniya, Intanet, kafofin sada zumunta, da mutane da ke motsawa daga wata al'umma zuwa wata a cikin ƙarni, ana rarraba abubuwa da yawa da kasuwancin namun daji ke so a cikin ƙasa da yawa, kamar magungunan gargajiya waɗanda suka bayyana a Amurka, Kanada, [[Sabuwar Zelandiya|New Zealand]], da [[Afirka ta Kudu]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Nguyen |first=T. |last2=Roberts |first2=D. L. |date=2020 |title=Exploring the Africa-Asia Trade Nexus for Endangered Wildlife Used in Traditional Asian Medicine: Interviews With Traders in South Africa and Vietnam |journal=Tropical Conservation Science |volume=13 |pages=194008292097925 |doi=10.1177/1940082920979252 |issn=1940-0829 |s2cid=229716233 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dokokin da ke hana amfani da wasu shuke-shuke ko abubuwan da aka samo daga dabbobi sun kasa lokacin da mutane suka yi imanin cewa sun mamaye dabi'un al'adun gargajiya ko abin da suka yi imani ya fi dacewa da rayuwar ɗan adam. Bugu da ƙari, yawon shakatawa ya lissafa wasu fataucin namun daji na haɗari. Mutum na iya siyan wani abu ba tare da sanin cewa an haramta shi ba ko kuma an hana shi a duniya. Da ke ƙasa akwai wasu misalai na cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba da tasirin al'adu ta nahiyoyi daban-daban da ƙasashensu ko yankunansu: === Asiya === ==== China ==== Amfani da maganin gargajiya na kasar Sin (TCM) ya fara ne a cikin karni na 10 KZ. Yin amfani da tsire-tsire da dabbobi iri-iri, an dauki TCM a matsayin mabuɗin maganin cututtuka da rage tasirin tsufa. Kimanin shekaru 200 bayan gano Ka'idar kwayar cuta, TCM ta fara karɓar turawa daga matasa, masu ilimi. Duk da turawa, TCM ya kasance muhimmin bangare na al'adun al'adu ga mutane da yawa a cikin kasar Sin, inda ya kawo dala miliyan 10 cikin tattalin arziki a shekara ta 2005.<ref name=":4"/> Abin takaici, yin amfani da kayan da aka samo daga dabbobi don magungunan gargajiya an dauke shi babban direba ga kasuwancin fataucin dabbobi na duniya. Yawancin nau'o'in da aka saba amfani da su yanzu an jera su a matsayin masu barazana ko haɗari ta IUCN, tare da wasu nau'oʼin da ke nuna raguwa a cikin yawan su.<ref name=":4"/><ref name=":3"/> Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nemi fahimta game da halin mutanen kasar Sin game da cinye kayayyakin namun daji don dalilai na magani. Daga cikin dalibai 350 da daliban jami'ar kasar Sin suka bincika, kashi uku cikin hudu na masu amsawa ba su riga sun gwada duk wani kayan namun daji ba, kuma kashi 11% ne kawai na wadanda suka amsa sun nuna sha'awar gwada su a nan gaba. Al'adun kasar Sin a tarihi suna da ra'ayi mai amfani game da yanayi. Duk da haka, tare da sauye-sauyen al'adu da al'adu, wannan na iya fara canzawa tare da matasa na kasar Sin.<ref name=":5"/> === Afirka === [[Fayil:African_elephant,_Lake_St_Lucia_01.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Giwaye na Afirka sun sami raguwa sosai a cikin yawan jama'a saboda fataucin hauren giwa]] Kodayake ba a yi nazari sosai ba, ana samun nama na daji ba bisa ka'ida ba, sau da yawa saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa da tattalin arziki a kasashen Afirka. A yankunan karkara, ana amfani da nama na daji a matsayin hanyar tsira daga talauci da rashin [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]]. Sabanin haka, mazaunan birane yawanci suna cin nama na daji don matsayin da yake kawowa azaman kayan alatu.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Gluszek |first=Sarah |last2=Viollaz |first2=Julie |last3=Mwinyihali |first3=Robert |last4=Wieland |first4=Michelle |last5=Gore |first5=Meredith L. |date=2021 |title=Using conservation criminology to understand the role of restaurants in the urban wild meat trade |journal=Conservation Science and Practice |language=en |volume=3 |issue=5 |bibcode=2021ConSP...3E.368G |doi=10.1111/csp2.368 |issn=2578-4854 |s2cid=233802543 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rentsch |first=Dennis |last2=Damon |first2=Amy |date=2013-07-01 |title=Prices, poaching, and protein alternatives: An analysis of bushmeat consumption around Serengeti National Park, Tanzania |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800913001122 |journal=Ecological Economics |language=en |volume=91 |pages=1–9 |bibcode=2013EcoEc..91....1R |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.03.021 |issn=0921-8009 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ana fitar da nama na daji daga Afirka don kasuwannin duniya a kowace shekara. <ref name=":02" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chaber |first=Anne-Lise |last2=Allebone-Webb |first2=Sophie |last3=Lignereux |first3=Yves |last4=Cunningham |first4=Andrew A. |last5=Marcus Rowcliffe |first5=J. |date=2010 |title=The scale of illegal meat importation from Africa to Europe via Paris: Illegal intercontinental meat trade |journal=Conservation Letters |language=en |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=317–321 |doi=10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00121.x |s2cid=83040531 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ivory ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin babban buƙata ga kasuwannin duniya, tare da kimanin giwaye 100 na Afirka da aka kashe kowace rana don ƙashin su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Persaud |first=Sabrina |date=2017-10-02 |title=Losing Our "CITES" on the "Traffic": How Taxing Ivory Trafficking Can Save the African Elephant From Its Bloody Extinction |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13880292.2017.1403813 |journal=Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=3–4 |pages=295–320 |doi=10.1080/13880292.2017.1403813 |issn=1388-0292 |s2cid=90577468 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Kulawa mara tasiri na cinikin namun daji na duniya == Girman cinikayya ta kasa da kasa a cikin kayan namun daji yana da yawa kuma yana ci gaba da tashi. Dangane da bincike ga kididdigar kwastomomi na Harmonized System na 2012, <ref name="Science_HS">{{Cite journal |last=Chan |first=Hon-Ki |last2=Zhang |first2=Huarong |last3=Yang |first3=Feng |last4=Fischer |first4=Gunter |date=17 April 2015 |title=Improve customs systems to monitor global wildlife trade |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaa3141 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=348 |issue=6232 |pages=291–292 |bibcode=2015Sci...348..291C |doi=10.1126/science.aaa3141 |pmid=25883346 |s2cid=206633776 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> shigo da kayayyakin namun daji na duniya ya kai dala biliyan 187 daga cikinsu kayayyakin kamun kifi sun kai dala biliya 113; tsire-tsire da gandun daji na dala biliyan 71; dabba ba ta kifi na dala biliya 3. Koyaya, kasuwancin duniya na kayan namun daji ba a kula da shi sosai kuma ana lissafa shi saboda ƙuntatawa na tsarin HS na yanzu da al'adu ke amfani da shi a duk duniya. Yawancin shigo da dabbobi na duniya ana yin rikodin su ne kawai a cikin manyan rukunoni kamar kayan [[shuka]] ko dabbobi ba tare da ƙarin bayani game da lissafi ba (wannan kamar shigo da karafa ba tare da yin rikodin asalin su ba misali jan ƙarfe ko baƙin ƙarfe). An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 50% na shigo da shuke-shuke na duniya da kashi 70% na samfurin dabbobi ana shigo da su a matsayin manyan rukunoni, ban da kifi (kimanin 5%) godiya ga yarjejeniyoyin kula da kifi daban-daban waɗanda ke buƙatar rahoton takamaiman kifi.<ref name="Science_HS"/> Bugu da ƙari, wasu ƙungiyoyin lissafi da ake cinikin su akai-akai ciki har da amphibian da coral masu rai ba a lissafa su ba saboda rashin lambar HS. Yawancin hukunce-hukuncen sun dogara da Dokar HS da aka ayyana na jigilar kayayyaki don ganowa da gurfanar da shigo da namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba. Rashin takamaiman lambar HS ya hana ingantaccen saka idanu da bin diddigin cinikin namun daji na duniya. Akwai karuwar kira don sake fasalin Harmonized System don karfafa saka idanu da aiwatar da cinikin namun daji na duniya.<ref name="Science_HS"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2012 |title=Illegal trade in environmentally sensitive goods |url=http://www.oecd.org/env/illegal-trade-in-environmentally-sensitive-goods-9789264174238-en.htm |publisher=[[OECD]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CITES Decision, 16.62, Rev. CoP16 |url=http://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RL-2009-001.pdf |publisher=[[CITES]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Calls for better traceability after report identifies Singapore as the world's second largest shark fin trader |url=https://www.traffic.org/publications/reports/shark-and-ray-trade-in-singapore/ |publisher=[[TRAFFIC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cawthorn |first=Donna-Mareè |last2=Mariani |first2=Stefano |year=2017 |title=Global trade statistics lack granularity to inform traceability and management of diverse and high-value fishes |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=12852 |bibcode=2017NatSR...712852C |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-12301-x |pmc=5634443 |pmid=28993629}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yap |first=Tiffany A. |last2=Koo |first2=Michelle S. |last3=Ambrose |first3=Richard F. |last4=Wake |first4=David B. |last5=Vredenburg |first5=Vance T. |date=31 July 2015 |title=Averting a North American biodiversity crisis |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=349 |issue=6247 |pages=481–482 |bibcode=2015Sci...349..481Y |doi=10.1126/science.aab1052 |pmid=26228132 |s2cid=27718701 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rhyne |first=Andrew L. |last2=Tlusty |first2=Michael F. |last3=Szczebak |first3=Joseph T. |last4=Holmberg |first4=Robert J. |year=2017 |title=Expanding our understanding of the trade in marine aquarium animals |journal=[[PeerJ]] |volume=5 |doi=10.7717/peerj.2949 |pmc=5274522 |pmid=28149703 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Tasirin == === Tattalin Arziki === Membobin Kungiyoyin ta'addanci da kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka sun shiga cikin daruruwan miliyoyin tsire-tsire da dabbobi ba bisa ka'ida ba don tallafawa sayen makamai, tallafawa rikice-rikicen farar hula, da kuma wanke kudi daga hanyoyin da ba bisa ka-ida ba.<ref name="policechiefmagazine.org">{{Cite journal |last=Sellar |first=John |date=June 2007 |title=International Illicit Trafficking in Wildlife |url=http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=print_display&article_id=1203&issue_id=62007 |journal=Police Chief Magazine |volume=74 |issue=6 |access-date=September 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zite Media B.V. |title=Gerben Jan Gerbrandy claiming that terrorist networks hunt wildlife for funding themselves |url=http://site.d66.nl/gerbrandy/document/eu_action_plan_against_wildlife/f=/vj7iilz6wlmw.pdf |access-date=7 October 2014 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222022640/http://site.d66.nl/gerbrandy/document/eu_action_plan_against_wildlife/f%3D/vj7iilz6wlmw.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="John Sellar discusses Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)">{{Cite web |last=Neo |first=Hui Min |title=Smuggling wildlife: From eggs in a bra to geckos in underwear |url=http://phys.org/news168697589.html |access-date=August 30, 2014 |website=Physorg.org}}</ref> Wadannan sau da yawa kokarin kasa da kasa suna buƙatar kudade da cibiyar sadarwa ta masu farauta, masu sarrafawa, masu safarar mutane, masu siyarwa, da masu siye.<ref name="policechiefmagazine.org" /> Ayyukan farauta masu dauke da makamai, wadanda aka shirya sosai, irin su hare-haren kisan kai na 2012 a [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]], sun kama manyan labarai. Roƙon, a wani bangare, ƙananan haɗarin ganowa da azabtarwa ne idan aka kwatanta da fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Escalating International Wildlife Trafficking Crisis: Ecological, Economic, and National Security Issues |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/inl/rls/rm/2014/226421.htm |access-date=August 30, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Trex |first=Ethan |date=January 27, 2010 |title=The Ins & Outs of Exotic Animal Smuggling |url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/23803/ins-outs-exotic-animal-smuggling |journal=Mental Floss |access-date=August 31, 2014 |archive-date=October 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026114235/http://mentalfloss.com/article/23803/ins-outs-exotic-animal-smuggling |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bugu da kari, fataucin mutane na iya samun riba mai yawa ga waɗanda ke jagorantar irin wannan kokarin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sellar |first=John |date=June 2007 |title=International Illicit Trafficking in Wildlife |url=http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=print_display&article_id=1203&issue_id=62007 |journal=Police Chief Magazine |volume=74 |issue=6 |access-date=August 31, 2014}}</ref> Misali, tururuwa guda ɗaya na Ploughshare daga Madagascar (akwai kimanin 400 kawai da suka rage a cikin daji) na iya samun US $ 24,000.<ref name="Malymail online" /> Hauren giwa, wanda aka saba fataucin mutane, na iya siyarwa da ɗan kaɗan a ƙasar da aka samo kuma yana iya samun farashi mai yawa a ƙasashen da aka nufa. Farashin ya dogara sosai da asalin ƙasar da samfurin. Farashin hauren giwa da buƙata sun tashi sosai, suna mai da shi kasuwa mai girma da riba sosai. A duniya, kasuwancin hauren giwa ba bisa ka'ida ba a shekarar 2014 ya ninka fiye da yadda yake a shekarar 2007.<ref name="urlInterior Announces Ban on Commercial Trade of Ivory as Part of Overall Effort to Combat Poaching, Wildlife Trafficking2">{{Cite web |date=11 February 2014 |title=Interior Announces Ban on Commercial Trade of Ivory as Part of Overall Effort to Combat Poaching, Wildlife Trafficking |url=http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/interior-announces-ban-on-commercial-trade-of-ivory-as-part-of-overall-effort-to-combat-poaching-wildlife-trafficking.cfm |access-date=2014-08-31}}</ref> Kasar Sin ita ce babbar mai shigo da hauren giwa ba bisa ka'ida ba; Amurka ita ce ta biyu.<ref name="Christy 20122">{{Cite web |last=Christy |first=Bryan |date=2012-09-14 |title=Ivory Worship |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/10/ivory/christy-text |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916223009/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2012/10/ivory/christy-text |archive-date=September 16, 2012 |access-date=2014-08-31 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> "Dangane da rahotanni daga kungiyar kare namun daji ta Save the Elephants, farashin hauren giwa a kasar Sin ya kai $ 2,100 a kowace kilogram. " Tsakanin 2010 da 2012, an kama giwaye 33,000 kuma an kashe su a matsakaita a kowace shekara. <ref name="havocscope.com2">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2008 |title=Wildlife Trafficking – Statistics on the Illegal Wildlife Trade |url=https://www.havocscope.com/tag/wildlife-trafficking/ |access-date=2018-11-05 |website=havocscope.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116180053/http://havocscope.com/tag/wildlife-trafficking/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fitar da namun daji yana gabatar da farashin tattalin arziki ga ƙasashen da yake faruwa, gami da yawon shakatawa da damar ci gaba. <ref name="Friday 2014">{{Cite web |last=Friday |date=2014-03-07 |title=Wildlife Trade News - Poaching and illegal wildlife trade threaten tourism and development options in Africa |url=http://www.traffic.org/home/2014/3/7/poaching-and-illegal-wildlife-trade-threaten-tourism-and-dev.html |access-date=2014-08-31 |website=TRAFFIC}}</ref> === Lafiya === Yaduwar cututtukan da ke yaduwa da dabbobi yana shafar lafiyar ɗan adam da kuma barazanar dabbobin daji da yanayin halittu. A cewar Ofishin Gudanar da Gwamnati Amurka, kusan kashi 75% na cututtukan da ke tasowa da ke kaiwa ga mutane sun fito ne daga dabbobi. Ana tuhumar alaƙar da ke tsakanin fataucin namun daji da barkewar cututtuka, kodayake barkewar wasu cututtuka sun yi zargin alaƙa da dabbobi masu shigo da su. ==== Cututtuka sun yi imanin cewa sun samo asali ne kuma sun yadu ta hanyar safarar dabbobi ==== * '''SARS (mai tsanani na numfashi) ''' ya haifar da kwayar cuta kuma yana kamuwa da mutane da namun daji. Masana suna zargin cewa kwayar cutar SARS ta samo asali ne a kasar Sin saboda hulɗa tsakanin Civet (wildcats da aka saba da su a kasuwancin kasar Sin) da mutane. * Rashin lafiyar tsuntsaye (H5N1) ya samo asali ne daga kwayar cuta mai cutarwa. Zai iya kamuwa da mutane ta hanyar hulɗa da hawk da suka kamu da cutar <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Borm |first=S |last2=Thomas |first2=I |last3=Hanquet |first3=G |last4=Lambrecht |first4=B |last5=Boschmans |first5=M |last6=Dupont |first6=G |last7=Decaestecker |first7=M |last8=Snacken |first8=R |last9=van den Berg |first9=T |date=May 2005 |title=Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in smuggled Thai eagles, Belgium |url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/5/pdfs/05-0211.pdf |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=702–5 |doi=10.3201/eid1105.050211 |pmc=3320388 |pmid=15890123 |access-date=October 3, 2014}}</ref> da sauran tsuntsayen daji, amma ana iya yaduwa ta hanyar hulɗar kaji. * '''[[Mpox|Monkeypox]]''' cuta ce mai yaduwa da ake samu a cikin namun daji na Afirka wanda zai iya yaduwa ga mutane. * [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|'''Kwayar cutar Ebola''']] cuta ce mai yaduwa da ba a saba gani ba wacce ake yaduwa daga dabbobin daji (chimpanzees, birai, gorillas, jemagu, da dai sauransu) zuwa ga yawan mutane. Yaduwar kwayar cutar yawanci tana faruwa ne ta hanyar cinye dabbobi masu kamuwa da cutar, kusa da su, ko hulɗar ruwa ta jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ebola virus disease |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease |access-date=2019-03-06 |publisher=World Health Organization |language=en}}</ref> ==== Cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da nau'ikan dabbobi waɗanda aka yi niyya da safarar dabbobi ==== * '''Kwayar cutar Herpes B''' kwayar cuta ce da aka samo a tsakanin birai wanda za'a iya yaduwa ta hanyar cinyewa ko ƙugiya ga mutane a lokuta masu ban mamaki. Idan ba a kula da shi ba da daɗewa ba bayan bayyanar, mummunar lalacewar kwakwalwa ko mutuwa na iya biyo bayan kamuwa da cuta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Center for Disease Prevention and Control |title=B Virus (herpes B, monkey B virus, herpesvirus simiae, and herpesvirus B) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/herpesbvirus/ |access-date=September 16, 2014 |publisher=Center for Disease Prevention and Control}}</ref> * Cutar '''Salmonella''' na iya haifar da zawo, zazzabi, da ciwon ciki. An danganta kamuwa da cuta da hulɗa da tururuwa, dodanni masu gemu da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salmonella |url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/prevention.html |access-date=October 3, 2014 |publisher=Centers for Disease Prevention and Control}}</ref> === Muhalli === Fitar da namun daji kai tsaye yana shafar bambancin halittu na yanayin halittu daban-daban. Wasu dabbobi suna cikin buƙata mafi girma daga masu safarar mutane, wanda ke haifar da raguwar waɗannan nau'ikan a cikin wuraren zama na asali. Har ila yau, safarar namun daji na iya haifar da gabatar da nau'o'in da ke da lahani da lahani a cikin tsarin halittu, wanda zai iya haɗari da namun daji ta hanyar sanya damuwa a kan albarkatun muhalli ta hanyar gasa tsakanin jinsuna. A cikin shekaru ɗari da suka gabata, kusan dabbobi ashirin sun ƙare saboda farauta da safarar mutane ba bisa ka'ida ba, kamar su Black Rhinoceros na Yammacin Afirka, Pyrenean Ibex, da Fasinjoji Fasinjo. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n7gaj4wjdcbzo3p2bpnmeqhbbdoiegs 0 108843 839328 833054 2026-05-23T12:30:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Climate_change_Kyrgyzstan.pdf|thumb|[[Komawar kankara tun daga 1850|Rage yankin kankara]] a cikin kewayon Borkoldoy (1965-2010) ]] '''Canjin yanayi''' ya bayyana a Kyrgyzstan. Daga cikin kasashen [[Gabashin Turai]] da [[Tsakiyar Asiya|Asiya ta Tsakiya]], [[Kirgistan|Kyrgyzstan]] ita ce ta uku mafi rauni ga [[Tasirin canjin yanayi|sakamakon sauyin yanayi]], kamar sauyin yanayi da zai iya haifar da tsawan lokaci na hazo da fari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=President |last2=Parliament |last3=Government |last4=Politics |last5=Economy |last6=Society |last7=Analytics |last8=Regions |last9=Culture |title=Kyrgyzstan ranks third most vulnerable to climate change impacts in Central Asia |url=http://kabar.kg/eng/news/kyrgyzstan-ranks-third-most-vulnerable-to-climate-change-impacts-in-central-asia/ |access-date=14 December 2018 |website=Информационное Агентство Кабар}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, yawan faruwar matsanancin yanayi da abubuwan da suka faru kamar yanayin zafi, fari, ruwan sama mai yawa, da bala'o'in biotic / abiotic a cikin 'yan shekarun nan shaida ne na sauyin yanayi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Isaev |first=Erkin |last2=Ermanova |first2=Mariiash |last3=Sidle |first3=Roy C. |last4=Zaginaev |first4=Vitalii |last5=Kulikov |first5=Maksim |last6=Chontoev |first6=Dogdurbek |year=2022 |title=Reconstruction of Hydrometeorological Data Using Dendrochronology and Machine Learning Approaches to Bias-Correct Climate Models in Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan |journal=Water |volume=14 |issue=15 |page=2297 |doi=10.3390/w14152297 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kyrgyzstan na fuskantar barazanar [[Komawar kankara tun daga 1850|narkewar dusar ƙanƙara]] da ƙarancin ma'aunin ruwa, wanda ɗumamar yanayi ke haɓakawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Sugyeong |last2=Lim |first2=Chul-Hee |last3=Kim |first3=Sea Jin |last4=Isaev |first4=Erkin |last5=Choi |first5=Sol-E. |last6=Lee |first6=Sung-Dae |last7=Lee |first7=Woo-Kyun |year=2021 |title=Assessing Climate Change Impact on Cropland Suitability in Kyrgyzstan: Where Are Potential High-Quality Cropland and the Way to the Future |journal=Agronomy |volume=11 |issue=8 |page=1490 |doi=10.3390/agronomy11081490 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Matsakaicin zafin jiki ya karu daga 4.8&nbsp;°C zuwa 6&nbsp;°C ya zuwa yanzu a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyzstan is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in Central Asia |url=https://www.unicef.org/kyrgyzstan/press-releases/kyrgyzstan-one-most-vulnerable-countries-climate-change-central-asia |access-date=14 December 2018 |website=www.unicef.org}}</ref> A cikin 2013 Bankin Duniya ya kiyasta yiwuwar karuwar 2&nbsp;°C a matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki ta 2060 da na 4-5&nbsp;°C zuwa 2100, lura da cewa glaciers na kasar ya ragu sosai kuma ana hasashen zai kara raguwa. Wani gagarumin yanayin zafi a Kyrgyztsan tare da haɓakar haɓakar <ref>{{Cite web |last=cajwr |title=High-resolution dynamic downscaling of historical and future climate projections over Central Asia – CAJWR |url=https://water-ca.org/article/high-resolution-dynamic-downscaling-of-historical-and-future-climate-projections-over-central-asia |access-date=2024-04-03 |language=en-US |doi=10.29258/cajwr/2024-r1.v10-1/91-114.eng}}</ref> C a ƙarƙashin hanyar Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) SSP5-8.5 daga 2076 zuwa 2096. band. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;&#x5D;</sup> == Rashin iskar gas == Gas din greenhouse yana da ƙananan, <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |year=2023 |title=Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in the Kyrgyz Republic |url=https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/002/2023/092/article-A002-en.xml |journal=IMF Staff Country Reports |volume=2023 |issue=92 |pages= |doi=10.5089/9798400232725.002 |s2cid=240365972 |doi-access=free}}</ref> a tan miliyan 17 [[Matsakaicin dumamar yanayi|Daidai da CO2]] a cikin 2017 <ref name=":0" />: 23 da kuma raga zero shine burin 2050. Hukumar Sabunta Makamashi ta Duniya, IRENA, ta ba da shawarar cewa za a iya gudanar da gwanjo don shigar da karin hasken rana, wutar lantarki, bioenergy da ƙananan wutar lantarki. Sun kuma ba da shawarar cewa jigilar wutar lantarki, wanda shine ɗayan manyan hanyoyin samar da iskar gas, zai adana kuɗi akan shigo da man fetur. Kuma sun ba da shawarar maye gurbin kwal tare da hanyoyin sabunta makamashi zai rage hayaki mai guba da samar da dumama gida mai kyau. Sun kuma ce duk wutar lantarki ya kamata a caje ta hanyar adadin da aka yi amfani da shi kuma ya kamata a kara farashin sayar da wutar lantarki a hankali, amma ya kamata a sami wata hanya don dakatar da karuwar farashin da ke buga matalauta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=Renewables readiness assessment: The Kyrgyz Republic |url=https://www.irena.org/Publications/2022/Dec/RRA-Kyrgyz-Republic |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=www.irena.org}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Tasirin canjin yanayi ==   === Aikin noma === Kasancewa sama da kashi 40 cikin dari na ma'aikata na kasar, bangaren noma yana daya daga cikin manyan bangarorin tattalin arziki na Kyrgyzstan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyz Republic – Agricultural Sector {{!}} export.gov |url=https://www.export.gov/article?id=Kyrgyz-Republic-Agricultural-Sector |access-date=16 December 2018 |website=www.export.gov |archive-date=17 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217202308/https://www.export.gov/article?id=Kyrgyz-Republic-Agricultural-Sector |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin kayan lambu na yanayi ne.<ref name=":3" /> Ana sa ran yanayin yanayi zai canza a lokacin yanayi. Ana sa ran watanni na rani za su nuna raguwar ruwan sama, yayin da ake sa ran watanni masu hunturu za su sami karuwar ruwan sama mafi girma.<ref name=":14" /> Canje-canje ga waɗannan alamu na hazo za su shafi abin da amfanin gona zai dace da samarwa a waɗannan lokutan.<ref name=":14" /> Yankunan kiwo da makiyaya don samar da dabbobi za su shafi yayin da wadatar hazo za ta ƙayyade ci gaba da ikon sake farfadowa.<ref name=":14" /> === Sashin makamashi === Gilashi da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara suna da mahimmanci don cika koguna da Kyrgyzstan ke dogara da su.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=Kyrgyzstan |url=http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/KGZ/KGZ-CP_eng.pdf |access-date=16 December 2018 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> Hydro power shine babban tushen makamashi na kasar, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 90 cikin dari na samar da wutar lantarki. Canjin yanayi zai haifar da ƙarin rikitarwa kamar yadda samar da wutar lantarki ba zai iya biyan buƙatun mafi girma ba a lokacin hunturu.<ref name=":14" /> Ana sa ran fitar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa zai ragu yayin da tsinkayen canjin yanayi suka nuna cewa za a rage kwararar ruwa daga shekara ta 2030 zuwa gaba, wanda zai haifar da matsalolin samar da makamashi.<ref name=":14" /> Dangane da ababen more rayuwa na makamashi, yanayin zafi mafi girma da abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa.<ref name=":14" /> === Kayan daji === Canje-canje a cikin yankunan muhalli na iya haifar da manyan jihohin rashin lafiyar shuke-shuke da rashin iyawa ga wasu nau'ikan shuke-huke don daidaitawa da sabon yanayin yanayi, don haka haifar da yiwuwar rasa albarkatun gandun daji, kamar itace, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da ganye na magani. Dajin walnut a Arslanbob yana ba da damar Kyrgyzstan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fitar da walnut a duniya, amma manoma sun yi hasashen cewa amfanin walnut na iya faduwa har zuwa kashi 70 cikin 100 a cikin 2018 saboda canjin yanayi da rushewar ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyrgyzstan's ancient walnut forest living through uncertain times {{!}} Eurasianet |url=https://eurasianet.org/kyrgyzstans-ancient-walnut-forest-living-through-uncertain-times |access-date=17 December 2018 |website=eurasianet.org}}</ref> === Bala'o'i na halitta === Kamar yadda Kyrgyzstan ke cikin yankin tsaunuka, kasar tana da haɗari ga haɗarin yanayi, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, rushewar ƙasa, ambaliyar ƙasa, dusar ƙanƙara, GLOFs, da dai sauransu. Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai kara muni da bala'o'i a cikin aiki da lalacewa.<ref name=":14" /> An sami karuwar ambaliyar ruwa da yaduwar laka kamar yadda, idan aka kwatanta da ƙarar kankara a cikin 1960, ƙarar ta ragu da kashi 18 cikin dari a cikin 2000. A cikin 2012, daga 23 ga Afrilu zuwa 29th, ambaliyar ruwa mai lalacewa ta shafi fiye da mutane 9,400 a cikin yankunan Osh, Jalalabad, da Batken.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2013 |title=Kyrgyzstan: Floods and Mudflows – Apr 2012 |url=https://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2012-000043-kgz |access-date=16 December 2018 |website=ReliefWeb}}</ref> '''Tasirin Canjin Yanayi zuwa Rashin Ruwan Ruwa''' Rashin gurɓata yanayi a Bishkek ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar muhalli a Kyrgyzstan. Ko da tare da rashin gurɓataccen masana'antu, Bishkek yana saman matsayi na duniya don gurɓata iska.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Isaev |first=Erkin |last2=Ajikeev |first2=Boobek |last3=Shamyrkanov |first3=Urmatbek |last4=Kalnur |first4=Kenjebek-uulu |last5=Maisalbek |first5=Karimov |last6=Sidle |first6=Roy C. |year=2022 |title=Impact of Climate Change and Air Pollution Forecasting Using Machine Learning Techniques in Bishkek |url=https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-21-11-covid2-0336 |journal=Aerosol and Air Quality Research |volume=22 |issue=3 |page=210336 |doi=10.4209/aaqr.210336 |s2cid=246173123 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, bisa ga "Ƙarfafa Duniya don numfasawa iska mai tsabta", An sanya Bishkek a matsayin wanda ke da mafi munin ingancin iska a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IQAir {{!}} First in Air Quality |url=https://www.iqair.com/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.iqair.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dangane da World Air Quality Index (AQI), tun daga Janairu 14, 2020, Bishkek ta kasance ta tara a duniya don gurɓata iska tare da alamar AQI ta 179.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Аналитическое исследование ЦППИ "Экологическая катастрофа в Бишкеке: необходимо внедрять лучшие модели поведения для обеспечения чистого воздуха" |url=http://center.kg/article/295 |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=center.kg |language=ru-RU |archive-date=2023-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816101649/http://center.kg/article/295 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin binciken da aka gudanar, <ref name=":1"/> an ba da rahoton abubuwan da aka gano. Masu binciken sun lura da hauhawar matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara a Bishkek a tsawon shekaru 40. Wannan karuwar tana da alaƙa da fitowar tsibirai masu zafi, kuma tasirinsa ya bayyana a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na kwanaki da ke nuna juyawa a cikin zafin yanayi. Abin sha'awa, wani muhimmin rabo - kusan 80% zuwa 90% - na waɗannan kwanakin juyawa na zafin jiki sun dace da lokutan dumama da lokuta na matakan PDK masu yawa. A lokacin kulle-kulle, an lura da canje-canje masu ban sha'awa a cikin tarwatsawar gurbatawa daban-daban. Musamman, idan aka kwatanta da yawan gurbataccen da aka rubuta a cikin 2019, an sami raguwar 64% a matakan CO, 1.5% a matakan NO, 75% a matakan NO2, 24% a matakan SO2, da 54% a matakan PM2.5. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Isaev |first=Erkin |last2=Ajikeev |first2=Boobek |last3=Shamyrkanov |first3=Urmatbek |last4=Kalnur |first4=Kenjebek-uulu |last5=Maisalbek |first5=Karimov |last6=Sidle |first6=Roy C. |year=2022 |title=Impact of Climate Change and Air Pollution Forecasting Using Machine Learning Techniques in Bishkek |url=https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-21-11-covid2-0336 |journal=Aerosol and Air Quality Research |volume=22 |issue=3 |page=210336 |doi=10.4209/aaqr.210336 |s2cid=246173123 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadannan binciken sun jaddada rawar da ake takawa na hayakin motoci wajen tsara ingancin iska. Binciken ya kuma nuna hauhawar matakai na synoptic wanda ke haifar da samar da matakan juyawa na zafin jiki. Musamman, kasancewar anticyclones da kewayenta sun taka muhimmiyar rawa, kusan kusan kashi 50% na duk abubuwan da suka faru na juyawa. Bugu da ƙari, an gano faruwar ƙananan filayen gradient na matsin lamba a matsayin yanayin halayyar da ke inganta ci gaban waɗannan abubuwan juyawa na zafin jiki.<ref name=":1"/> == Shirye-shiryen aiki da tsare-tsaren yanayi == === Kula da kankara === [[Fayil:Climate_change_Kyrgyzstan_glacier_melting_04.pdf|thumb|Canje-canje na yankunan kankara a yankuna takwas na tsaunuka daga 1965 zuwa 2010 (sama); ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da matsakaicin yanayin iska na rani (JJA) 1930 zuwa 2010 (a ƙasa).]] Yanayin Kyrgyzstan ya haɗa da kashi 80 cikin 100 na ƙasar da ake samu a cikin jerin tsaunukan Tian Shan, kuma kashi 4 cikin 100 na wannan yanki ne wanda ke ƙarƙashin kankara da dusar ƙanƙara har abada. Fiye da kankara 8,500 suna kusa da Kyrgyzstan kuma bincike ya nuna cewa yawan kankara ya ragu sosai a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata.<ref name=":14" /> Wani nuni na dumama yanayi shine adadin tarin kankara da ya ɓace.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Hoelzle |first=Martin |year=2017 |title=Re-establishing glacier monitoring in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Central Asia |url=https://www.geosci-instrum-method-data-syst.net/6/397/2017/gi-6-397-2017.pdf |journal=Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=397–418 |bibcode=2017GI......6..397H |doi=10.5194/gi-6-397-2017 |access-date=16 December 2018 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An yi sa ido kan kan kankara a kan mafi yawan kankara na tsaunukan tsaunuka na Tian Shan ta tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), duk da haka ayyukan sun daina wanzuwa bayan rushewarta a farkon shekarun 1990.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Qiao |last2=Liu |first2=Shiyin |year=2016 |title=Response of glacier mass balance to climate change in the Tianshan Mountains during the second half of the twentieth century |journal=Climate Dynamics |volume=46 |issue=1–2 |pages=303–316 |bibcode=2016ClDy...46..303L |doi=10.1007/s00382-015-2585-2 |s2cid=128674306 |via=Springer Link}}</ref> Ya zuwa kwanan nan, an sake kafa wuraren sa ido kan kankara a Kyrgyzstan tare da kankara na Abramov, kankara na Golubin, kankara ta Batysh Sook, da kuma kankara na 345. <ref name=":4" /> Bincike da bincike a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata sun nuna cewa, gabaɗaya, kankara na Asiya ta Tsakiya suna nuna asarar taro fiye da riba mai yawa.<ref name=":4" /> Daga 2000 zuwa 2100, ana sa ran za a rage yankunan kankara tsakanin kashi 64 zuwa 95 cikin dari. Bincike mai zurfi ya nuna raguwar jimlar yankin kankara a yankin Naryn da kashi 21.3% (1965 zuwa 2010), saboda karuwar yanayin zafi da raguwar ruwan sama. Mafi girman raguwar kankara ya faru ne a cikin Naryn range (28.9%) saboda rinjaye na ƙananan kankara a kan gangaren da ke fuskantar arewa. Ci gaba da raguwar kankara zai haifar da karancin ruwa da makamashi a yankin. Rashin karfi na kankara na iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa ta tafkin ([[GLOF|GLOFs]]), wanda zai iya haifar da haɗari a yankunan da ke ƙasa. Yanayin waɗannan kankara yana buƙatar a saka idanu ta hanyar kimiyya don amfani mai ɗorewa na albarkatun ruwa na yanki, da kuma tsara tattalin arziki.<ref name="Murat2">{{Cite web |last=Duishonakunov |first=Murataly Turganalievich |date=25 June 2014 |title=Glaciers and permafrost as water resource in Kyrgyzstan ‐ distribution, recent dynamics and hazards, and the relevance for sustainable development of Central Asian semiarid regions |url=http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2014/10962/pdf/DuishonakunovMurataly_2014_06_25.pdf |access-date=29 November 2023 |website=University of Giessen, Germany}}</ref> === Ayyukan gyaran wutar lantarki === A cikin 2013 da 2014, bangaren makamashi ya sami mafi yawan kudaden ci gaban da suka shafi yanayi. Ayyukan sake farfadowa sun haɗa da: a Bashy Hydro Power Plant da Switzerland ke tallafawa da Toktogul Hydro Power Station (Mataki na 2) da Bankin Ci gaban Asiya (ADB) da Bankin Raya Eurasian ke tallafawa. <ref name="OECD2016" /> === Gudanar da haɗarin bala'i na gaggawa === [[Fayil:Armen_Sarkissian_attends_the_2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference_(18).jpg|thumb|Shugaba Sadyr Japarov ya gana da shugaban Armenia Armen Sarkissian a [[Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2021|COP26]]]] Akwai fifiko guda biyar wajen magance batutuwan gaggawa, kamar bala'o'i na halitta, a cikin shirin daidaitawa na Ma'aikatar Yanayin Gaggawa: # Hasashen yanayi da saka idanu # Fasahar gargadi ta farko # Yankin ƙasa da ka'idojin gini # Inshora na haɗarin yanayi # Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa, kamar tare da amincin madatsar ruwa. Hukumar hadin kan kasa da kasa ta Japan (JICA) ce ke tallafawa, ita ce "Tsarin Inganta Hanyoyi na Duniya," wanda ke neman amfani da matakan rage haɗarin bala'i, kamar gina ramin, da kuma kariya game da faɗuwar duwatsu da rushewar ƙasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0kq62qzzf0vm0gfcvtqjjvlze3r82tj 0 109287 839625 702085 2026-05-24T10:05:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dokar Gudanar da [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]] ta 2010''' (c.29) Dokar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce da ta shafi gudanar da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa da Rushewar bakin teku. Dokar tana da niyyar rage haɗarin ambaliyar da ke da alaƙa da matsanancin yanayi, wanda ya haɗu da canjin yanayi. Ya kirkiro rawar da Lead Local Flood Authority ke takawa, wanda shine karamar hukuma da ke da alhakin sarrafa hadarin ambaliyar ruwa a yankin karamar hukә. Dokar ta ba da sabon iko ga hukumomin gida, Hukumar Muhalli, Ministocin Welsh da Kamfanonin ruwa. Dokar ta danganta kusan gaba ɗaya da Ingila da Wales, ban da Sashe na 46 'Abolition of Fisheries Committee (Scotland) ', wanda ke da alaƙa da Scotland, da Sashe ya 48 'Subordinate law' da 49 'Technical provision' wanda ke da alaka da Ingila, Wales da Scotland. Sassan Dokar suna aiki daban a Ingila da Wales. An aiwatar da jadawalin 3 na Dokar a Wales, amma ba a Ingila ba. Dokar Gudanar da Ambaliyar Ruwa ta riga ta wuce The Pitt Review na 2007. A karkashin jagorancin Sir Michael Pitt, Pitt Review wani babban bita ne mai zaman kansa game da darussan da za a koya daga ambaliyar 2007. Rahoton ya gabatar da shawarwari da yawa, gami da buƙatar "ƙarin taƙaitaccen bayani ga Hukumar Muhalli" da kuma a ba wa majalisun gida iko da alhakin "kare al'ummomi ta hanyar ingantaccen gini da tsare-tsare".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Learning lessons from the 2007 floods |url=http://archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/pittreview/_/media/assets/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/flooding_review/pitt_review_full%20pdf.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100812084907/http://archive.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/pittreview/_/media/assets/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/flooding_review/pitt_review_full%20pdf.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2010 |access-date= |website=cabinetoffice.gov.uk}}</ref> Aiwatar da Dokar Gudanar da Ruwan Ruwa ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin matakan da majalisa ta dauka sakamakon Pitt Review.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2012 |title=The Government's Response to Sir Michael Pitt's Review of the summer 2007 Floods |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69489/2012-01-31-pb13705-pitt-review-progress.pdf |access-date=2020-11-03 |website=assets.publishing.service.gov.uk}}</ref> == Matsayi da Ayyuka da aka tsara a cikin Dokar == === Jagoran Hukumar Ambaliyar Gida (LLFA) === Ayyukan Hukumar Ambaliyar Ruwa ta Gubar (LLFA) a Ingila ana ba da ita ga ikon haɗin kai, ko, idan babu ikon tarayya, majalisar gundumomi na yankin.  A Wales, majalisar gundumomi ko majalisar gunduma ta cika aikin.  Ana ba LLFA wasu nauyi ta Dokar.  Ana buƙatar LLFA, ta Sashe na 9 da 10 na Dokar, don ƙirƙira da kiyaye dabarun kula da haɗarin ambaliya na gida don saita manufofin gudanar da ambaliya a cikin gida, ƙayyadaddun matakan da aka tsara don cimma manufofin, zayyana yadda da lokacin da za a aiwatar da matakan, da lissafin farashi da fa'idodin matakan da yadda za a biya matakan.  Dole ne LLFA ta yi amfani da dabarun kula da haɗarin ambaliya ta gida tare da lura da tasiri da ci gabanta.  Dole ne LLFA ta kafa da kuma kula da rajistar kadarorin hadarin ambaliya, gami da bayanai kan mallakarsu da yanayin gyaran su, wanda ya kamata a bai wa jama'a.  A cikin Maris 2019, 109 cikin 152 LLFAs sun tattara rajistar kadari na yau da kullun..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flood and coastal erosion risk management report: 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/flood-and-coastal-risk-management-national-report/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-annual-report-1-april-2018-to-31-march-2019 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> LLFA mai ba da shawara ne kan aikace-aikacen don izinin tsarawa a Ingila da Wales.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2022 |title=Consultation and pre-decision matters |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/consultation-and-pre-decision-matters |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> Wannan yana nufin dole ne hukumomin tsarawa na gida su tuntube su kuma suna da damar yin watsi da aikace-aikacen tsarawa, ba da shawarar ƙin yarda, ko ba da shawarar yanayin da za a haɗa shi da izinin tsarawa, idan LLFA ta yi la'akari da cewa haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa da magudanar ruwa ba a magance su yadda ya kamata a cikin aikace-aikacin tsarawa ba. Koyaya, a zahiri, SAB ce ta ba da wannan rawar a Wales. Sashe na 19 yana buƙatar LLFA ta bincika abubuwan ambaliyar ruwa a yankinsu kuma ta buga rahoto. === Hukumar Kula da Muhalli === Sashe na 7 na Dokar ya buƙaci Hukumar Muhalli don haɓaka dabarun kula da ambaliyar ƙasa da haɗarin lalacewar bakin teku (FCERM) don Ingila. Dabarun ta bayyana matsayin dukkan hukumomin kula da hadarin ambaliyar ruwa, gami da LLFAs, majalisun, allon magudanar ruwa na ciki, hukumomin babbar hanya da kamfanonin ruwa da magudanar shara, wadanda dole ne dukansu suyi aiki tare da dabarun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National FCERM strategy for England 2011 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/flood-and-coastal-risk-management-strategy-for-england |access-date=2020-11-04 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> Sashe na 18 na Dokar ya buƙaci EA don samar da rahoto na shekara-shekara game da ambaliyar ruwa da kuma kula da haɗarin lalacewar bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2023 |title=Flood and coastal erosion risk management annual report |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/flood-and-coastal-risk-management-national-report |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> Rahoton ya bayyana yadda hukumomin kula da hadarin ambaliyar ruwa ke kula da hadari na ambaliyar ambaliyar da kuma rushewar bakin teku da kuma yadda suke shirin hadarin nan gaba. Rahoton ya ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda LLFAs suka ci gaba a kan dabarun gida da rajistar kadarorin. Ya zuwa 2020, an canza dabarun FCERM don samun burin dogon lokaci guda uku: <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=Jul 2020 |title=National Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management Strategy for England |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/920944/023_15482_Environment_agency_digitalAW_Strategy.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=4 Nov 2020 |website=assets.publishing.service.gov.uk |page=8}}</ref> # Wuraren da ke da ƙarfin yanayi # Ci gaban yau da ababen more rayuwa a cikin yanayin gobe # Al'umma da ke shirye don amsawa da daidaitawa da ambaliyar ruwa da canjin bakin teku === Ministocin Welsh === Ministocin Welsh suna da daidaitattun rawar da Hukumar Muhalli ke takawa game da haɓaka dabarun ambaliyar ruwa da kula da haɗarin lalacewar bakin teku a Wales. An aiwatar da jadawalin 3 na Dokar a Wales a ranar 7 ga Janairun 2019. Yana ba Ministocin Welsh alhakin buga ka'idojin kasa don aiwatar da magudanar ruwa mai ɗorewa, ko SUDS. Tsarin magudanar ruwa mai ɗorewa yana da niyyar sarrafa rugujewar ruwa daga ayyukan ci gaba, bi da shi kusa da tushen sa yadda ya yiwu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2001 |title=Planning and Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. Planning Advice Note 61. |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2001/07/pan61 |archive-url=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20150218144520/http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2001/07/pan61 |archive-date=18 February 2015 |publisher=Scottish Government Planning Services}}</ref> Shawarwarin aiwatar da jadawalin 3 na Dokar a Wales ya samo asali ne daga Dokar Jiki na Ƙarnuka Masu Zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainable Drainage (SuDS) Statutory Guidance For local authorities on the implementation of Schedule 3 |url=https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-06/statutory-guidance.pdf |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=gov.wales/ |archive-date=2022-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520103410/https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2019-06/statutory-guidance.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kungiyar amincewa da SUDS (SAB) === Matsayin SUDS Approving Bodies (SAB) an ƙirƙira shi ta Jadawalin 3 na Dokar, wanda ya zuwa yanzu kawai an aiwatar da shi a Wales. Aikin ya rataya ne ga majalisar gunduma ko gunduma, dangane da rawar LLFA. A ƙarƙashin Jadawalin 3 na Dokar, aikin ginin wanda ke da tasirin magudanar ruwa bazai iya farawa ba sai dai idan SAB ta amince da tsarin magudanar ruwa don aikin. A Wales, wannan ya shafi duk ayyukan gine-gine tare da jimlar yanki sama da murabba'in 100, ko na fiye da 1, sai dai idan ba za a iya tabbatar da cewa ba su da tasirin magudanar ruwa. === Kamfanonin Ruwa === Sashe na 35 da 36 na Dokar sun ba da gyare-gyare ga Dokar Masana'antar Ruwa ta 1991. Gyaran sun ba da damar kamfanin ruwa ya sanya haramtacciyar wucin gadi kan amfani da ruwan sha don amfani da yawa ciki har da amfani da bututu don shayar da lambuna da tsaftace wuraren waje. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5at2l089z5aaek507uwsiwz05kfgxmu 0 109519 839480 723390 2026-05-23T19:45:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Cibiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Inter-American (IIHR) {{Efn|In Spanish: {{lang|es|Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos}}, IIDH; in French: {{lang|fr|Institut interaméricain des Droits de l'Homme}}; in Portuguese: {{lang|pt|Instituto Interamericano de Direitos Humanos}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Revista IIDH No. 48 |url=https://www.iidh.ed.cr/images/Publicaciones/RevistaIIDH/revista-iidh48.pdf |publisher=Inter-American Institute of Human Rights |access-date=24 March 2025}}</ref>}} wata cibiyar ilimi ce ta kasa da kasa mai cin gashin kanta da aka sadaukar da ita ga koyarwa, bincike da inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam. An kafa shi a cikin 1980 ta hanyar yarjejeniyar da [[Inter-American Court of Human Rights|Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka]] da [[Government of Costa Rica|gwamnatin Costa Rica]] suka sanya hannu, kuma yana da hedikwatar a babban birnin kasar, [[San José|San Jose]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inter-American Institute of Human Rights |url=https://archive.unescwa.org/inter-american-institute-human-rights |access-date=24 March 2025 |website=Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Ya dace da aikin fadakarwa don inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da Kotun Amurka da Hukumar Amurka kan '[[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|'Yancin ɗan adam]] suka gudanar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inter-American Human Rights System {{!}} Inter-American Institute of Human Rights |url=https://ijrcenter.org/regional/inter-american-system/#Inter-American_Institute_of_Human_Rights |access-date=24 March 2025 |publisher=International Justice Resource Center |archive-date=20 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320220242/https://ijrcenter.org/regional/inter-american-system/#Inter-American_Institute_of_Human_Rights |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manufa == manufarsu ta bayyana ''Su ilmantar da jama'a game da haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma su inganta girmama su domin taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa dimokuraɗiyya da adalci a ƙasashen Amurka, tare da haɗin kai da ƙungiyoyin tsarin Inter-American, al’umma, masana ilimi, da gwamnati."'' Hukumar tana sauƙaƙa tattaunawa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban a cikin ƙungiyar haƙƙin ɗan adam da hukumomin gwamnati; amma bisa doka, '''ba ta bincika takamaiman laifukan take haƙƙin ɗan adam ba kuma ba ta sa ido kan bin ka’idojin ƙasashe na ƙasa da ƙasa ba'''. == Tsarinsa == Babban jikin IIHR shine babban taron sa, wanda ya kunshi masana kare hakkin dan adam daga ko'ina cikin Amurka, wanda ke haɗuwa sau biyu a shekara don saita manufofi da sigogi na gaba ɗaya don aikin cibiyar.<ref name="usaid">{{Cite web |title=International development cooperative agreement No. LAG-A-00-02-00001-00: Promoting human rights through inclusion, conflict prevention and democratization in Latin America |url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pdacg426.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429173629/https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pdacg426.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2017 |access-date=24 March 2025 |publisher=[[United States Agency for International Development]] (USAID)}}</ref> Mambobin Majalisar Dattijai goma sha biyu sun kafa kwamitin zartarwa, wanda ke bin shawarar Majalisar kuma yana kula da kimanta shirye-shiryen da ayyukan cibiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Committee |url=https://www2.iidh.ed.cr/iidh-en/estrategia/junta-directiva/ |access-date=24 March 2025 |publisher=Inter-American Institute of Human Rights |archive-date=28 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328173549/https://www2.iidh.ed.cr/iidh-en/estrategia/junta-directiva/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, cibiyar tana da babban darektan, wanda ke aiki a matsayin wakilin shari'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=Office of the Executive Director |url=https://www2.iidh.ed.cr/iidh-en/estrategia/direccion-ejecutiva/ |access-date=24 March 2025 |publisher=Inter-American Institute of Human Rights |archive-date=28 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250328173549/https://www2.iidh.ed.cr/iidh-en/estrategia/direccion-ejecutiva/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baya ga hedkwatarta a San José, IIHR tana kula da ofishin yanki na Kudancin Amurka a [[Montevideo]], Uruguay, wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oficinas |url=https://www.iidh.ed.cr/en/oficinas |access-date=24 March 2025 |publisher=Inter-American Institute of Human Rights |language=es}}</ref> == References == 9ms4bwul1fbggpxpwcgc011oq2qkohq 0 109630 839329 685571 2026-05-23T12:37:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Middle_East-Saudi_Arabia--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|thumb|Canjin zafin jiki a Saudi Arabia (1901-2020) ]] Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci da bambance-bambance, kamar yanayin zafi mafi girma, raguwar ruwan sama da hauhawar matakin teku a kan muhalli, al'umma da tattalin arzikin Saudi Arabia. noma, kamun kifi da masana'antun yawon bude ido.<ref name="Saudi Arabia: Integrity">{{Cite journal |last=Al-Sarihi |first=Aisha |date=March 20, 2019 |title=Climate Change and Economic Diversification in Saudi Arabia: Integrity, Challenges, and Opportunities |url=https://agsiw.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Al-Sarihi_Climate-Change_ONLINE.pdf |journal=The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington}}</ref> Saudi Arabia ita ce ta huɗu mafi girma mai amfani da mai a duniya, duk da cewa ita ce ta 20 mafi girma tattalin arziki da kuma ta 41 mafi girma.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|journal=Elie|url-status=Samad}}</ref> Saudi Arabia tana cikin yankin Gulf na Farisa a Yammacin Asiya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.iandl.marines.mil/Divisions/Logistics-Division-LP/Logistics-Life-Cycle-Management-Branch-LPC/LPC-4-Contracts/MARFORCENT/Saudi-Arabia/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.iandl.marines.mil |archive-date=2024-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227015208/https://www.iandl.marines.mil/Divisions/Logistics-Division-LP/Logistics-Life-Cycle-Management-Branch-LPC/LPC-4-Contracts/MARFORCENT/Saudi-Arabia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masarautar Saudi Arabia ta ƙunshi kusan kashi huɗu cikin biyar (80%) na yankin Larabawa. Yana da iyaka a yammacin Bahar Maliya; a gabas da Tekun Larabawa. Kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na ƙasar busasshiyar ƙasa ce da duwatsu. Yawancin sauran ƙasar hamada ce ta yashi. Canjin yanayi na iya samun mummunar tasiri a kan yanayin halittu masu mahimmanci musamman saboda tasirin da ke kan hanyoyin hamada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/arab-states/saudi-arabia |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tsakanin 2007 da 2021, Saudi Arabia ta ga yawan jama'arta ya karu da sama da kashi 40% daga mutane miliyan 25.18 zuwa miliyan 35.45 kuma ta ci gaba da girma zuwa miliyan 36.5 a 2023.<ref name="Emissions">{{Cite journal |last=Al-Ismail |first=Fahad Saleh |last2=Alam |first2=Md Shafiul |last3=Shafiullah |first3=Md |last4=Hossain |first4=Md Ismail |last5=Rahman |first5=Syed Masiur |date=2023-03-13 |title=Impacts of Renewable Energy Generation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=5069 |doi=10.3390/su15065069 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a na iya ƙara buƙatun makamashi, kuma ta haka ne, hayakin gas.<ref name="Emissions" /> Saudi Arabia ta yi alkawarin zama sifili, da kuma sanya wasu burin makamashi mai tsabta.<ref name=":0"/> Masana sun nuna shakku game da alkawuran yanayi na Saudiyya saboda rikodin rikodin mulkin Saudiyya na rashin bin manufofin yanayi na baya da kuma dogaro da tattalin arzikin Saudiyya akan man fetur.<ref name=":0" /> Saudi Arabia ta sanya hannu kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris . A cikin 2021, ta sabunta gudummawar ta ta farko ta kasa, tare da mai da hankali kan bambancin tattalin arzikinta, ragewa da guje wa hayakin gas (GHGs). Kokarin rage girman canjin yanayi na iya zama matsala ga bangaren mai da iskar gas na tattalin arzikinta saboda burbushin burbushin halittu suna samar da fiye da 70% na jimlar iskar gas a duniya, rage amfani da su fifiko na duniya.<ref name="Saudi Arabia: Integrity"/> == Rashin iskar gas == Saudi Arabia tana sarrafa kusan kashi 18% na jimlar man fetur da aka sani a duniya kuma ita ce babbar mai fitar da man fetur.<ref name="Saudi Arabia: Integrity"/> Saudi Arabia kuma tana daya daga cikin manyan masu amfani da man fetur don tattalin arzikinta: A cikin 2017, ta yi amfani da matsakaicin ganga 3,328,000 a kowace rana, ta sanya ta shida a cikin amfani da man shafawa a duniya. Har ila yau, yana da girma a cikin jerin don amfani da wutar lantarki tare da kWh biliyan 295 yana mai da shi na goma sha uku a duniya.<ref name="Industrial" /> Yawancin iskar gas din Saudi Arabia ana samar da ita ne ta hanyar wutar lantarki, sufuri da masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alajmi |first=Reema Gh |date=2021-09-01 |title=Factors that impact greenhouse gas emissions in Saudi Arabia: Decomposition analysis using LMDI |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421521003244 |journal=Energy Policy |volume=156 |pages=112454 |bibcode=2021EnPol.15612454A |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112454 |issn=0301-4215 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A cikin 2019, hayakin carbon dioxide ya kai tan miliyan 559.6.<ref name="Emissions"/> Saboda yawan jama'arta da ke ƙaruwa da sauri wanda ke tare da karuwar buƙatun wutar lantarki da fadada masana'antu, buƙatun makamashi na ci gaba da ƙaruwa kuma tare da shi haka kuma hayakin gas.<ref name="Industrial">{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Muhammad Muhitur |last2=Rahman |first2=Mohammad Shahedur |last3=Chowdhury |first3=Saidur R. |last4=Elhaj |first4=Alaeldeen |last5=Razzak |first5=Shaikh Abdur |last6=Abu Shoaib |first6=Syed |last7=Islam |first7=Md Kamrul |last8=Islam |first8=Mohammed Monirul |last9=Rushd |first9=Sayeed |last10=Rahman |first10=Syed Masiur |date=2022-06-16 |title=Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector of Saudi Arabia—An Emerging Challenge |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=14 |issue=12 |pages=7388 |doi=10.3390/su14127388 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Lalle ne, babban samfurin cikin gida na ƙasar ya karu da kusan kashi 45% kuma wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da ita ga kowane mutum ya karu da MWh 1,378, yana ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga hayakinsa.<ref name="Emissions" /> == Tasirin yanayi == === Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi === Daga 1979 zuwa 2019, Saudi Arabia ta ga matsakaicin zafin jiki ya karu da 2.1 ° C wanda kusan sau uku fiye da matsakaicin duniya. Karin ya kasance mafi ban mamaki a cikin watanni na rani yayin da matsakaicin zafin jiki ya karu da 2.5 ° C.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Odnoletkova |first=Natalia |last2=Patzek |first2=Tadeusz W. |date=2021-08-01 |title=Data-Driven Analysis of Climate Change in Saudi Arabia: Trends in Temperature Extremes and Human Comfort Indicators |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/60/8/JAMC-D-20-0273.1.xml |journal=Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology |language=EN |volume=60 |issue=8 |pages=1055–1070 |bibcode=2021JApMC..60.1055O |doi=10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0273.1 |issn=1558-8424}}</ref> Saboda canjin yanayi, an sami karuwar duniya a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi kamar rikodin zafi a lokacin rani na 2010. A wannan lokacin, birnin Jeddah na Saudi Arabiya ya ga yanayin zafi ya kai 52 ° C, wanda ya haifar da tashoshin wutar lantarki guda takwas na kasar don rufewa tare da birane da yawa da ke fama da kashe wutar lantarki.<ref name="Extremes">{{Cite journal |last=Almazroui |first=Mansour |date=2020-10-17 |editor-last=Krakauer |editor-first=Nir Y. |title=Changes in Temperature Trends and Extremes over Saudi Arabia for the Period 1978–2019 |journal=Advances in Meteorology |language=en |volume=2020 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.1155/2020/8828421 |issn=1687-9317 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Karin yawan zafin jiki yana shafar kasar kuma ya dogara da yanayi. Misali, babban birnin kasar, Riyadh ya ga karuwar matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki na lokacin rani da 0.067 ° C a kowace shekara tsakanin 2009 da 2013 yayin da matsakaicin hunturu ya karu da 0.056 ° C a kowane shekara. A gefe guda, Tabuk a arewa maso yamma ya ga karuwa a hankali a wannan lokacin tare da matsakaicin lokacin rani yana ƙaruwa da 0.058 ° C a kowace shekara kuma yanayin hunturu yana ƙaruwa ta 0.042 ° C a kowane shekara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tarawneh |first=Qassem Y. |last2=Chowdhury |first2=Shakhawat |date=2018-01-29 |title=Trends of Climate Change in Saudi Arabia: Implications on Water Resources |journal=Climate |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=8 |bibcode=2018Clim....6....8T |doi=10.3390/cli6010008 |issn=2225-1154 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana nuna yanayin yanki gaba ɗaya a Saudi Arabia na ƙananan yanayin zafi a arewa da yanayin zafi mafi girma a yankunan bakin teku da na tsakiya na ƙasar.<ref name="Extremes" /> === Hawan matakin teku === Canjin yanayi da hauhawar yanayin zafi da ke tare da shi yana haifar da narkewar kankara da fadada ruwan teku. Haɗin waɗannan matakai ya bayyana ta hanyar hauhawar matakan teku, yana barazanar ƙasashen bakin teku da tsibirin a duk faɗin duniya.<ref name="coastal">{{Cite journal |last=Almaliki |first=Abdulrazak H. |last2=Zerouali |first2=Bilel |last3=Santos |first3=Celso Augusto Guimarães |last4=Almaliki |first4=Abdulrhman A. |last5=Silva |first5=Richarde Marques da |last6=Ghoneim |first6=Sherif S. M. |last7=Ali |first7=Enas |date=2023-08-01 |title=Assessing coastal vulnerability and land use to sea level rise in Jeddah province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=e18508 |bibcode=2023Heliy...918508A |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18508 |issn=2405-8440 |pmc=10415659 |pmid=37576270 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yankunan bakin teku na Saudi Arabia suna da yawan jama'a kuma waɗannan yankuna suna da mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki. Tare da gabar Bahar Maliya ta ƙasar akwai manyan birane huɗu na Tabuk, Al Madinah, Jeddah da Jizan. Wadannan yankuna sune gidaje ga wasu wuraren addini da tarihi waɗanda ke da mahimman abubuwan jan hankali na yawon bude ido kuma suna kuma karɓar bakuncin ƙasar noma da mai da ajiyar iskar gas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bawadekji |first=Abdulhakim |last2=Tonbol |first2=Kareem |last3=Ghazouani |first3=Nejib |last4=Becheikh |first4=Nidhal |last5=Shaltout |first5=Mohamed |date=2022-01-07 |title=Recent atmospheric changes and future projections along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=160 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12..160B |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-04200-z |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=8742046 |pmid=34997098}}</ref> Hawan matakin teku a ko'ina zai iya kasancewa tare da sakamako masu yawa na muhalli. Wadannan sun hada da ambaliyar ruwa a yankunan bakin teku, rushewar rairayin bakin teku, gurɓataccen maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, gishiri na ƙasa, da asarar wuraren zama a bakin tekun.<ref name="coastal" /> Yankunan da ke arewa da kudancin Dammam suna cikin haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa a cikin ƙasar kuma, sabili da haka, suna fuskantar barazanar tasirin muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hereher |first=Mohamed E. |date=2020-03-30 |title=Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Sea Surface Temperatures and Sea Level Rise—The Arabian Gulf |journal=Climate |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=50 |bibcode=2020Clim....8...50H |doi=10.3390/cli8040050 |issn=2225-1154 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Ma'adanai na ruwa === [[Fayil:Agricultural_Fields,_Wadi_As-Sirhan_Basin,_Saudi_Arabia_-_NASA_Earth_Observatory.jpg|thumb|NASA Hoton mai lura da duniya na tsarin ban ruwa a cikin Wadi As-Sirhan, Tawil Quaternary Aquifer system]] Saudi Arabia ƙasa ce mai tsaka-tsaki tare da iyakantaccen albarkatun ruwa kuma babu koguna ko tabkuna na halitta. Babban yanayin zafi da karancin ruwan sama na kasa da 100mm a kowace shekara ya sa 'yan albarkatun ruwa da ke akwai ba za su iya biyan bukatun kasar ba saboda yawan evaporation ya fi yawan ruwan sama.<ref name="water">{{Cite journal |last=Amin Mir |first=M. |last2=Waqar Ashraf |first2=M. |date=2023-12-01 |title=The challenges and potential strategies of Saudi Arabia's water Resources: A review in analytical way |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221515322300079X |journal=Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management |volume=20 |pages=100855 |bibcode=2023ENMM...2000855A |doi=10.1016/j.enmm.2023.100855 |issn=2215-1532 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Past">{{Cite journal |last=Suhail |first=Mohammad |last2=Faraj |first2=Turki Kh |last3=Ahmad |first3=Waseem |last4=Ravshanov |first4=Alikul Xudayberdiyevich |last5=Khan |first5=Mohd Nazish |date=2024-05-16 |title=Issues of Water Resources in Saudi Arabia: Past, Present, and Future |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=16 |issue=10 |pages=4189 |doi=10.3390/su16104189 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Aridity ya kara karfi ne kawai ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa tasirin thermostatic daga teku ya sauya ma'aunin zafi.<ref name="Past" /> Ruwa mai zurfi, ya kasance tsakanin kashi 80 zuwa 90 cikin dari na amfani da ruwa a Saudi Arabia kuma ya fito ne daga tafkunan burbushin da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba da kuma wuraren da ba su da zurfi.<ref name="water" /> Akwai ruwa guda takwas da ke da kusan kashi 86% na ruwan da ba a sabuntawa ba yayin da sauran kashi 14% ke ƙunshe a cikin sauran ruwa na biyu. Wadannan aquifers galibi suna cikin arewa da tsakiya na kasar.<ref name="Past" /> Saboda ruwan burbushin ba mai sabuntawa ba ne kuma ana cire ruwa mai zurfi mai sabunta kansa daga sauri fiye da yadda za su iya sake caji, an kiyasta cewa ajiyar ruwan kasa zai rushe a cikin shekaru 50 idan yawan hakar ya ci gaba.<ref name="water" /> === Tsarin halittu === [[Fayil:ISS064-E-6296_(Red_Sea_Rainforests)_lrg.jpg|thumb|Garin ruwan sama na Red Sea daga sararin samaniya]] A cikin Saudi Arabia akwai wasu daga cikin nau'o'in da suka fi wadata da kuma wuraren zama na ruwa a duniya a cikin nau'ikan wuraren da ke bakin teku. Wadannan tsarin halittu suna ƙarfafa kamun kifi na yanki da yawan tsuntsaye masu kiwon gida.<ref name="wetlands">{{Cite journal |last=Al-Obaid |first=Sami |last2=Samraoui |first2=Boudjéma |last3=Thomas |first3=Jacob |last4=El-Serehy |first4=Hamed A. |last5=Alfarhan |first5=Ahmed H. |last6=Schneider |first6=Wolfgang |last7=O’Connell |first7=Mark |date=2017 |title=An overview of wetlands of Saudi Arabia: Values, threats, and perspectives |journal=Ambio |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=98–108 |bibcode=2017Ambio..46...98A |doi=10.1007/s13280-016-0807-4 |issn=0044-7447 |pmc=5226900 |pmid=27380216}}</ref> Biyu daga cikin hanyoyin da canjin yanayi ke tasiri ga wuraren da ke da ruwa shine ta hanyar hauhawar yanayin zafi da raguwar ruwan sama wanda ke canza yanayin ruwa da abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli. Wani ƙarin barazanar da canjin yanayi ya sanya shi ne hauhawar matakin teku wanda, idan aka haɗa shi da ayyukan anthropomorphic kamar ci gaban ƙasa da gurɓataccen yanayi, ya sa wuraren da ke da ruwa kamar mangroves da laka su zama mafi yawan yanayin halittu a cikin ƙasar.<ref name="wetlands" /> A cikin yankin Khulais, wanda ke cikin Garkuwar Larabawa tare da gefen yammacin ƙasar, an gano cewa yawan nau'ikan asali da yawa suna raguwa yayin da kasancewar nau'ikan mamayewa ke tasowa. Wannan mai yiwuwa ne sakamakon kai tsaye na karuwar yanayin zafi da raguwar matakan hazo wanda ke rage wadatar ruwa a cikin al'umma. Don haka, ba wai kawai canjin yanayi yana da mummunar tasiri ga yanayin halittu na Saudi Arabiya ba tare da rage albarkatun ruwa har ma da sauƙaƙe ci gaban nau'o'in masu cutarwa. == Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane == Sakamakon canjin yanayi ya gabatar da ƙalubale da yawa ga lafiyar jama'a. Karin yaduwar bugun zafi da cututtukan da suka shafi zafi a yankin suna da alaƙa da hauhawar yanayin zafi da ke da alaƙa ti canjin yanayi.<ref name="Extreme Temp2">{{Cite journal |last=Odnoletkova |first=Natalia |last2=Patzek |first2=Tadeusz W. |date=2021-08-01 |title=Data-Driven Analysis of Climate Change in Saudi Arabia: Trends in Temperature Extremes and Human Comfort Indicators |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/60/8/JAMC-D-20-0273.1.xml |journal=Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology |language=EN |volume=60 |issue=8 |pages=1055–1070 |bibcode=2021JApMC..60.1055O |doi=10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0273.1 |issn=1558-8424}}</ref> Haɗin barazanar lalacewar iska, hamada, da raguwar albarkatun ruwa suna da damuwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da hanyoyin rayuwa. Manoma suna hasashen raguwar yawan amfanin su na shekara-shekara, wanda ya dogara da tsarin ban ruwa mai ƙarancin gaske, sakamakon da ke karfafa dogaro da ƙasar kan shigo da abinci kuma yana barazana ga jin daɗin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari dangane da tsaron abinci da kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki.<ref name="Farmers2">{{Cite journal |last=Azeem |first=Muhammad I. |last2=Alhafi Alotaibi |first2=Bader |date=2023-01-25 |editor-last=Sarker |editor-first=Md Nazirul Islam |title=Farmers' beliefs and concerns about climate change, and their adaptation behavior to combat climate change in Saudi Arabia |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=e0280838 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1880838A |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0280838 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=9876375 |pmid=36696423 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Saboda yaduwar kwari da cututtukan kwari kadai, noma a Saudi Arabia yana fuskantar asarar amfanin gona 12.6-20% a kowace shekara. Wadannan kalubalen suna kara tabarbarewar rashin tsaro na abinci, batun da ke kara tsanantawa saboda saurin karuwar yawan jama'ar kasar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Muhammad Muhitur |last2=Akter |first2=Runa |last3=Abdul Bari |first3=Jaber Bin |last4=Hasan |first4=Md Arif |last5=Rahman |first5=Mohammad Shahedur |last6=Abu Shoaib |first6=Syed |last7=Shatnawi |first7=Ziad Nayef |last8=Alshayeb |first8=Ammar Fayez |last9=Shalabi |first9=Faisal Ibrahim |last10=Rahman |first10=Aminur |last11=Alsanad |first11=Mohammed Ahmed |last12=Rahman |first12=Syed Masiur |date=2022-11-04 |title=Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on the Food System Security of Saudi Arabia |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=14 |issue=21 |pages=14482 |doi=10.3390/su142114482 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ingancin iska na Saudi Arabia yana daga cikin mafi gurɓata a duniya kuma ana samun sa ya rage matsakaicin rayuwar jama'a.<ref name="Ambient">{{Cite journal |last=Rojas-Rueda |first=D. |last2=Alsufyani |first2=W. |last3=Herbst |first3=C. |last4=AlBalawi |first4=S. |last5=Alsukait |first5=R. |last6=Alomran |first6=M. |date=2021-06-01 |title=Ambient particulate matter burden of disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0013935121003303 |journal=Environmental Research |volume=197 |pages=111036 |bibcode=2021ER....19711036R |doi=10.1016/j.envres.2021.111036 |issn=0013-9351 |pmid=33775683 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, canjin zafin jiki, danshi, da hazo suna haifar da yanayin da ya fi dacewa da sauro da yaduwar cututtukan sauro.<ref name="Extreme Temp">{{Cite journal |last=Odnoletkova |first=Natalia |last2=Patzek |first2=Tadeusz W. |date=2021-08-01 |title=Data-Driven Analysis of Climate Change in Saudi Arabia: Trends in Temperature Extremes and Human Comfort Indicators |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/60/8/JAMC-D-20-0273.1.xml |journal=Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology |language=EN |volume=60 |issue=8 |pages=1055–1070 |bibcode=2021JApMC..60.1055O |doi=10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0273.1 |issn=1558-8424}}</ref> Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashe a cikin Majalisar hadin gwiwar Gulf, Saudi Arabia ita ce kadai kasar da ke da ƙaruwa a cikin yawan mace-mace da ke tattare da yawan abubuwan da ke cikin iska. <ref name="Ambient" /> Masu gurɓata iska a yankin suna ba da gudummawa ga karuwar haɗari da yaduwar cututtukan huhu masu tasowa da cututtuken zuciya a Saudi Arabia. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Isaifan |first=Rima J. |date=2023-01-06 |title=Air pollution burden of disease over highly populated states in the Middle East |journal=Frontiers in Public Health |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fpubh.2022.1002707 |issn=2296-2565 |pmc=9853520 |pmid=36684989 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ragewa == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman batutuwa a cikin Gudanar da Gudanar da Ƙasa ta Saudi Arabia shine bambancin tattalin arziki. Bambancin tattalin arziki ya haɗa da fadada manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga na ƙasar, wanda aka jaddada sosai ga ƙasashen fitar da mai waɗanda za su fuskanci lalacewar kasuwar mai mai mai. Canjin farashin man fetur yana kara karfin Saudi Arabia ga matsin hauhawar farashi kuma yana sauƙaƙe rashin kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belloumi |first=Mounir |last2=Aljazea |first2=Ahmed |last3=Alshehry |first3=Atef |date=2023-10-01 |title=Study of the impact of crude oil prices on economic output and inflation in Saudi Arabia |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301420723008905 |journal=Resources Policy |volume=86 |pages=104179 |bibcode=2023RePol..8604179B |doi=10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104179 |issn=0301-4207 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Lokacin da ta gudanar da shugabancin G20, Saudi Arabia ta gabatar da tattalin arzikin carbon (CCE) a matsayin dabara don rage fitar da iskar gas. Misali na CCE ya dogara da ka'idodin ragewa, sake amfani, sake amfani - cimma raguwar hayaki na carbon ta hanyar gudanar da carbon a matsayin shigar da samfurin ko ta hanyar kama carbon.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shehri |first=Thamir Al |last2=Braun |first2=Jan Frederik |last3=Howarth |first3=Nicholas |last4=Lanza |first4=Alessandro |last5=Luomi |first5=Mari |date=2023-02-07 |title=Saudi Arabia's Climate Change Policy and the Circular Carbon Economy Approach |journal=Climate Policy |language=en |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=151–167 |bibcode=2023CliPo..23..151S |doi=10.1080/14693062.2022.2070118 |issn=1469-3062 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Saudi Arabia ta fara sake fasalin farashin makamashi don rage tallafin da ke inganta yawan amfani da makamashi da kuma hana karin hanyoyin samar da makamashin makamashi masu ɗorewa. Don kare ƙananan iyalai daga lalacewar hauhawar farashi, Saudi Arabia ta aiwatar da wani nau'i na taimakon gwamnati da aka sani da Asusun Citizens.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aldubyan |first=Mohammad |last2=Gasim |first2=Anwar |date=2021 |title=Energy price reform in Saudi Arabia: Modeling the economic and environmental impacts and understanding the demand response |journal=Energy Policy |language=en |volume=148 |pages=111941 |bibcode=2021EnPol.14811941A |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111941 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, gwamnatin Saudiyya ta gabatar da Vision 2030 a cikin 2016, kuma ta kafa manufofi da yawa na dorewa da za a cimma ta 2030. Wannan aikin ya ci gaba tare da gabatar da Saudi Green Initiative a cikin 2021. Shirye-shiryen yanzu suna mai da hankali kan gandun daji, kiyayewa, da aiwatar da ayyuka masu ɗorewa a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da na jama'a. == Daidaitawa == Ci gaban da aka tsara a cikin yawan jama'a da tattalin arzikin kasar suna buƙatar daidaitawa a fannoni kamar sufuri, wutar lantarki, da aikin gona. Rashin yanayin zafi yana kara damuwa game da sharar makamashi, da farko yayin da bukatun sanyaya na yankin ke ci gaba da tashi. Saudi Arabia tana fuskantar aikin daidaitawa yayin da gabatar da CCE da sake fasalin farashin makamashi ke sanya damuwa a bangaren masana'antu kuma yana haifar da buƙatar hanyoyin da ba su da amfani da carbon.<ref name="Extreme Temp"/> Kasar tana saka hannun jari a cikin ayyukan hasken rana da na iska da ke da niyyar samar da rabin makamashi daga sabuntawa nan da shekara ta 2030 don rage dogaro da man fetur. Saudi Arabia tana neman magance damuwa mai girma ta hanyar sake tsara birane wanda ke ba da damar ingantaccen sufuri da ƙirƙirar sararin samaniya.<ref name="Extreme Temp" /> == Al'umma da al'adu == Tasirin canjin yanayi ya canza rayuwar wadanda ke Saudi Arabia. Manoma suna ƙara damuwa game da yiwuwar amfanin gonarsu, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye zuwa amfanin gona mai ɗorewa da canza hanyoyin ban ruwa don mayar da martani ga karancin ruwa.<ref name="Farmers">{{Cite journal |last=Azeem |first=Muhammad I. |last2=Alhafi Alotaibi |first2=Bader |date=2023-01-25 |editor-last=Sarker |editor-first=Md Nazirul Islam |title=Farmers' beliefs and concerns about climate change, and their adaptation behavior to combat climate change in Saudi Arabia |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=e0280838 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1880838A |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0280838 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=9876375 |pmid=36696423 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tare da haɗarin rayuwar gargajiya, canjin yanayi yana tasiri ga adanawa da samun dama ga mahimman wuraren al'adun al'adu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ramadan |first=Rasha H. |last2=Ramadan |first2=Mona S. |last3=Alkadi |first3=Ibtesam I. |last4=Alogayell |first4=Haya M. |last5=Ismail |first5=Ismail Y. |last6=Khairy |first6=Nesren |date=2022-11-28 |title=Assessment of Sustainable World Heritage Areas in Saudi Arabia Based on Climate Change Impacts on Vulnerability Using RS and GIS |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=14 |issue=23 |pages=15831 |doi=10.3390/su142315831 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sakamakon tasirin sauyin yanayi ya yi tasiri a kan yawan cututtukan kwakwalwa na kasar, tare da baƙin ciki da damuwa da ke tasowa zuwa manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da nakasa.<ref name="Extreme Temp"/> Rashin gurɓataccen ruwa ya fara ne ta hanyar ayyukan da ba za a iya jurewa ba, tare da sauye-sauyen salinity da acidity, ya shafi rayuwar masunta da aikin kamun kifi. Rushewar wannan masana'antar tana haifar da barazana ga al'adun amfani da kifi a Saudi Arabia kuma tana gabatar da yiwuwar asarar aiki a cikin layin aiki na gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alnafissa |first=Mohamad |last2=Kotb |first2=Alaa |last3=Alamri |first3=Yosef |last4=Alagsam |first4=Fuad |last5=Alhashim |first5=Jawad |date=2021 |title=The impact of climatic and environmental changes on the sustainable yield of the Saudi's capture fisheries |journal=Journal of King Saud University - Science |language=en |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=101458 |doi=10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101458 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sakamakon canjin yanayi a yankin ya zama matsala ga masana'antar yawon bude ido ta kasar, saboda karuwar zafin jiki yana haifar da haɗarin lafiya ga masu yawon bude jiki. A Saudi Arabia, yawancin damuwa suna kewaye da shingen yawon bude ido na addini zuwa Makka da Madina, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a al'adu da ruhaniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spano |first=Donatella |last2=Armiento |first2=Mirko |last3=Aslam |first3=Muhammad Faizan |last4=Bacciu |first4=Valentina |last5=Bigano |first5=Andrea |last6=Bosello |first6=Francesco |last7=Breil |first7=Margaretha |last8=Buonocore |first8=Mauro |last9=Butenschön |first9=Momme |last10=Cadau |first10=Marco |last11=Cogo |first11=Eleonora |last12=Colelli |first12=Francesco Pietro |last13=Costa Saura |first13=Jose Maria |last14=Dasgupta |first14=Shouro |last15=De Cian |first15=Enrica |date=2021 |title=G20 Climate Risk Atlas. Impacts, policy and economics in the G20 |url=https://www.cmcc.it/g20 |journal=Centro Euro-Mediterraneo Sui Cambiamenti Climatici |doi=10.25424/CMCC/G20_CLIMATERISK}}</ref> == Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa == Haɗin kai tsakanin Masarautar Saudi Arabia da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hanyar Tsarin Haɗin Kai na Ci Gaban Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkinobho tare da Masarautar Arabia 2022-2026 (UNSDCF) ya ba kasar damar bin Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin duniya na 2030. Tsarin yana mai da hankali kan ba da shawara kan manufofi da tallafawa kokarin da ake yi na rage talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da amfani da albarkatu masu ɗorewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Islam |first=Md Tasbirul |last2=Ali |first2=Amjad |date=2024-10-01 |title=Sustainable green energy transition in Saudi Arabia: Characterizing policy framework, interrelations and future research directions |journal=Next Energy |volume=5 |pages=100161 |doi=10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100161 |issn=2949-821X |doi-access=free}}</ref> Saudi Arabia tana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kasuwar carbon ta Najeriya, sauƙaƙe dangantakar da ke tsakanin kasashen biyu a cikin mai, noma, da ababen more rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Halligan |first=Neil |date=November 13, 2024 |title=Nigeria nears trade deal with Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.agbi.com/trade/2024/11/nigeria-nears-trade-deal-with-saudi-arabia/ |access-date=November 17, 2024 |website=Arabian Gulf Business Insight}}</ref> A cikin yanki, Saudi Arabia ta jagoranci kafa Saudiyya da Gabas ta Tsakiya Green Initiatives don magance canjin yanayi.<ref name="Green Init">{{Cite web |last=Abdelraouf |first=Dr. Mohamed |last2=Nagasawa |first2=Asuka |date=October 19, 2023 |title=Saudi Green Initiatives and their Role in Achieving Environmental Goals in the Middle East |url=https://www.grc.net/single-commentary/116 |access-date=November 17, 2024 |website=Gulf Research Center}}</ref> Shirin Green na Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda Yarima ya ƙaddamar, yana da niyyar rage fitar da carbon a duniya da kashi 10% ta hanyar burin burin kamar dasa bishiyoyi biliyan 50, maido da hekta miliyan 200 na ƙasa, da kuma cimma kashi 50% na makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin samar da wutar lantarki nan da 2030, duk yayin da yake inganta kirkire-kirkire da haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa don yaki da canjin yanayi.<ref name="Green Init" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Islam |first=Md Tasbirul |last2=Ali |first2=Amjad |date=2024-10-01 |title=Sustainable green energy transition in Saudi Arabia: Characterizing policy framework, interrelations and future research directions |journal=Next Energy |volume=5 |pages=100161 |doi=10.1016/j.nxener.2024.100161 |issn=2949-821X |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ftlk1vsav891hl3sv8uij9cgu8cja22 0 109664 839479 776341 2026-05-23T19:38:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}    '''Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a''' ('''IPA''') wata kungiya ce [[Conservatism|mai ra'ayin mazan jiya]] ba tare da riba ba, wanda ke zaune a [[Melbourne]], Victoria, [[Asturaliya|Australia]]. Yana ba da shawarar manufofin tattalin arziki na kasuwa kyauta, kamar su masu zaman kansu, kawar da tsarin kamfanonin mallakar gwamnati, 'yancin cinikayya, kawar da wuraren aiki, zargi da zamantakewar al'umma, da soke Sashe na 18C na <nowiki><i id="mwUQ">Dokar Nuna Bambanci ta 1975</i></nowiki> .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cottle |first=Simon |last2=Nolan |first2=David |date=26 October 2007 |title=Global humanitarianism and the changing aid-media field: 'Everyone was dying for footage' |journal=Journalism Studies |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=862–878 |doi=10.1080/14616700701556104 |issn=1461-670X |s2cid=145133279}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bertram |first=Michael |date=1989 |title=A history of the Institute of Public Affairs |url=http://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/38363}}</ref> Har ila yau, [[Ƙin canjin yanayi|ya ƙi manyan sassa na kimiyyar yanayi]].<ref name="james2019">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Clive |date=27 November 2019 |title=Clive James' Chapter In Climate Change: The Facts 2017 |url=https://ipa.org.au/ipa-today/clive-james-chapter-in-climate-change-the-facts-2017 |access-date=22 August 2022 |website=IPA}}</ref> An kafa IPA a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa don mayar da martani ga karuwar ikon Jam'iyyar Labor da zamantakewar kasa da kasa, kuma yawanci ya haɗa kai da, kuma ya goyi bayan, Jam'iyyar Liberal a siyasa. A baya ya ba da kuɗi kuma ya kirkiro kamfen ɗin talla don 'yan takarar adawa da Labor, kuma ya yi tasiri ga manufofin Jam'iyyar Liberal, <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-06 |title=Institute of Liberal Party policy? What the IPA will get from Abbott |url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2013/09/06/institute-of-liberal-party-policy-what-the-ipa-will-get-from-abbott/ |access-date=2017-05-14 |website=Crikey}}</ref> a cewar tsohon Firayim Minista John Howard. == Tarihi == Masanin tarihi Michael Bertram, a rubuce a 1989, ya gano lokuta uku daban-daban don Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a: <ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=Michael |first=Bertram |date=1989 |title=A history of the Institute of Public Affairs |url=https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/38363 |pages=i-ii, 69–105}}</ref> # shekarun yaƙi da "shekaru na gaba bayan yaƙi" inda makomar tattalin arzikin Ostiraliya ta kasance cikin tambaya, ta ƙare tare da zaben Robert Menzies a cikin 1949; # "Koyayyar Keynesian" na shekarun 1950 da 1960 da # "canjin teku zuwa dama" na shekarun 1970 da 1980. === Yaƙi da shekarun bayan yaƙi (1943-1949) === An kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a a 1943 a matsayin Cibiyar Harshen Jama'a ta Victoria, tare da Charles Kemp a matsayin darakta na farko da George Coles a matsayin kujera na farko. Wadanda suka kafa su sanannun 'yan kasuwa ne, <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=April–June 1968 |title=About the IPA |url=https://ipa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/archive/1210645977_document_review1968_vol.22no.2.pdf |journal=IPA Review |volume=22 |pages=33–40 |access-date=2025-08-01 |archive-date=2023-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820052129/https://ipa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/archive/1210645977_document_review1968_vol.22no.2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma babban darektan yanzu John Roskam ya ce game da wannan taron: "Babban kasuwanci ya kirkiro IPA". An fara gabatar da ra'ayin kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a a cikin Kamfanin Masana'antu na Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Limb |first=Peter |title=Monash University EPress |url=http://books.publishing.monash.edu/apps/bookworm/view/Orb+and+Sceptre:+Studies+on+British+Imperialism+and+its+Legacies,+in+Honour+of+Norman+Etherington/141/xhtml/chapter11.html#ich11en17 |access-date=2018-04-19 |website=books.publishing.monash.edu}}</ref> An kafa IPA ne ta hanyar rushewar babbar jam'iyyar dama ta Australia, Jam'iyyar United Australia . <ref name="IPA">{{Cite web |last=Seccombe |first=Mike |date=31 May 2014 |title=Abbott's faceless men of the IPA |url=https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/news/politics/2014/05/31/abbotts-faceless-men-the-ipa/1401458400#.VZGgBTiJhtQ |access-date=29 June 2015 |publisher=The Saturday Paper}}</ref> Manufar farko ta IPA ita ce ta rinjayi sake fasalin Australia bayan yakin, tare da sha'awar kasuwanci da ke damuwa da cewa sanannen ra'ayi ya goyi bayan aikin da aka jagoranta, gine-ginen bayan yakin, "mai yawa ga sabon nau'in al'umma". <ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekara ta 1943, an kafa rassa a New South Wales (Mayu), Kudancin Australia (Yuni) da Queensland (Agusta), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Institute of Public Affairs 1943 – 1953 |url=http://soda.naa.gov.au/item/1108226 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726135216/http://soda.naa.gov.au/item/1108226 |archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=26 July 2018 |website=[[National Archives of Australia]] |pages=86, 127, 180}}</ref> kodayake rassan jihar sun kasance daban-daban (rassan SA da Queensland sun rufe a cikin shekarun 1950). Da alama akwai wata kungiya da ake kira Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a a Yammacin Ostiraliya, wacce ke aiki tsakanin 1941 da 1942.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Institute of Public Affairs 1943–1953 |url=http://soda.naa.gov.au/item/1108226 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726135216/http://soda.naa.gov.au/item/1108226 |archive-date=26 July 2018 |access-date=26 July 2018 |website=[[National Archives of Australia]] |pages=127, 146, 149, 163–165, 188}}</ref> IPA NSW ta shiga cikin "gwagwarmayar siyasa ta jam'iyya", yayin da a taron shekara-shekara na farko na IPA Victoria a 1944 shugaban GJ Coles ya ce "ba sa so su shiga cikin siyasa kai tsaye". <ref name=":0"/> A watan Maris na shekara ta 1943, shugaban Hukumar Tsaro ta Commonwealth (CSS), Brigadier William Simpson ya nemi rahoto game da ko sabuwar kungiyar IPA tana da tausayi ga "fascism", "counter-revolution" ko ikon da Australia ke yaki da shi, amma mataimakin darakta ya ce kwamitin IPA da masu tallafawa sun kasance "ba tare da zargi ba".<ref name=":15"/> [daidaitawa da ake buƙata] <ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Berg |first=Chris |date=March 2008 |title=What 'fascist mob'? ''Overland'' and the IPA |url=https://ipa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/archive/1210834705_document_60-1_berg_overland.pdf |website=Institute of Public Affairs |access-date=2025-08-01 |archive-date=2024-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716191421/https://ipa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/archive/1210834705_document_60-1_berg_overland.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>   An sake fasalin CSS a ƙarshen 1943 kuma ya sake bincika rassan jihar IPA. An buƙaci wasan rediyo na IPA Queensland The Harris Family a gabatar da shi kuma ya amince da shi ta Babban Sufeto (Wireless) . <ref name=":16"/><ref name=":15"/> An kammala bita na biyu a 1944. CSS ta ba da rahoton cewa babu wani abu da za a iya samun shi don nuna cewa IPA ta kasance mai tayar da kayar baya, kuma rikodin yaƙi na magoya bayanta ya kasance "mai kyau sosai", kodayake biyu daga cikin mambobin majalisar IPA NSW mambobi ne na Japan-Australia Society kuma ɗayan yana da alaƙa da Tsohon Tsaro. <ref name=":17" /> <ref name=":15" /> Tarihin Kasa na Ostiraliya yana adana rahotanni na CSS a cikin kowane reshe, da kuma kayan da aka tattara yayin binciken su.<ref name=":15" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1944, IPA ta buga kwafin 50,000 na Looking Forward, wani ɗan littafin shafi 80 wanda ya tsara yiwuwar sake ginawa bayan yakin.<ref name=":0"/> Robert Menzies ya bayyana Looking Forward a matsayin "mafi kyawun sanarwa game da matsalolin siyasa da na ilimi da aka yi a Ostiraliya na shekaru da yawa".<ref name=":1" /> IPA ba ta da wata alaƙa ta musamman tare da kafa Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Ostiraliya ta Menzies a cikin 1945. Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Marian Simms ya ce rawar da IPA ta taka ita ce ta yi aiki a matsayin "mai tara kuɗi na wucin gadi don bukatun siyasa marasa ma'aikata", fara "haɗin kan kungiyoyin da ba na ma'aikata ba a Victoria ... sannan [tsakanin] tsakanin su" da kuma samar da "yawancin abubuwan da ke cikin dandalin tarayya na LPA da farfaganda don kamfen na siyasa". Looking Forward ya kasance mai tasiri a dandalin farko na Jam'iyyar Liberal. [[Norman Abjorensen]] ya yaba wa IPA a wannan lokacin tare da rushewar goyon bayan ALP, yana mai cewa IPA shine "mai tsara fasalin farfaganda wanda ya nemi, da nasara, ya lalata Jam'iyyar Labor ta Australiya a matsayin tiger mai zaman kanta da ke jiran kai hari da zarar yaƙin ya ƙare". {| class="wikitable" |+Wadanda suka kafa (IPA Victoria) <ref name=":0"/> |G. J. Coles (shugaban) |Shugaban Daraktoci, G. J. Coles &amp;amp; Co. |- |H. G. Darling |Shugaban Daraktoci, BHP |- |Kyaftin C. A. M. Derham |Shugaba, Kamfanin Masana'antu na Victoria. |- |G. H. Grimwade |Darakta, Gidajen Magunguna na Ostiraliya. |- |H. R. Harper |Janar Manajan, Victoria Insurance Co. |- |W. A. Ince |Lauyan da Darakta na Kamfanin. |- |F. E. Lampe |Shugaba, Majalisar Kasuwancin Australiya. |- |Sir Walter Massy-Greene |Daraktan Kamfanin, tare da fitaccen aiki a baya a siyasar Tarayya. |- |Sir Keith Murdoch |Shugaban Daraktoci, Herald &amp;amp; Weekly Times. |- |L. J. McConan |Babban Manajan, Bankin Kasa na Australasia |- |Cecil N. McKay |Manajan Darakta, H. V. McKay-Massey-Harris. |- |W. E. McPherson |Shugaban Daraktoci, McPherson. |- |W. I. Potter |Wanda ya kafa, Ian Potter & Co. (Sharebrokers). |- |A. G. Warner |Manajan Darakta, Masana'antar Lantarki. |} === Yarjejeniyar Keynesian (1949-1972) === A cikin ''[[The Age|Shekarar]]'' 1950 da 1960, IPA "ta zo don tallafawa" [[Keynesian economics|Tattalin arzikin Keynesian]], tare da darektan C. D. Kemp yana rubuta "duk mun kasance masu gurguzu yanzu".<ref name=":142">{{Cite journal |last=Michael |first=Bertram |date=1989 |title=A history of the Institute of Public Affairs |url=https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/38363 |pages=i-ii, 69–105}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Cibiyar ta yi jayayya cewa za a rage yawan ƙaura na Ostiraliya zuwa rabi, wanda ya jawo zargi daga Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Masana'antu ta Australiya da The Age . <ref name=":142" /> Cibiyar ta kuma gano hauhawar farashi a matsayin babban batun, kuma ta yi adawa da kawar da gwajin hanyoyin, wanda ya yi kira ga ƙananan haraji, ya soki gabatar da Dokar Ayyukan Ciniki, ya ba da shawarar rage ƙuntatawa kan saka hannun jari na kasashen waje kuma ya yi bikin Burtaniya ta shiga cikin [[European Economic Community|Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Turai]].<ref name=":142" /> A cikin 1962, IPA ta sauke "Victoria" daga sunanta, wani aiki wanda ya haifar da dangantakar da ke tsakanin ta da IPA NSW don "ƙara lalacewa". === "Sau-canjin teku zuwa dama" (1972-1995) === A cikin shekarun 1970s, IPA da IPA NSW sun hada kai don kafa Kamfanin Australia. Wannan kungiyar tana da "wani manufa na gaggawa ... cire gwamnatin Labor ta yanzu a Canberra", yayin da IPA ta kasance a cikin iyakar hannu a ƙoƙarin da za a ɗauka a matsayin sama da siyasar jam'iyya. Tun daga lokacin da aka kafa ta zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1970, an haɗa IPA da Tattalin arzikin Keynesian mai adawa da zamantakewa da masana'antar kariya. Naɗin Rod Kemp (ɗan CD Kemp) a matsayin babban darektan a 1982, tare da sauran canje-canjen gudanarwa da suka faru a ƙarshen 1970s da farkon 1980s, sun nuna canji zuwa akidar neo-liberal wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.<ref name=":3" /> A watan Yunin 1987 an kafa IPA a matsayin kamfani mai iyakance ta garanti.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=IPA Annual Report 2009 |url=https://ipa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/archive/1274398003_document_ipa_2009_financials_-_adjusted.pdf |access-date=2025-08-01 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926103043/https://ipa.org.au/wp-content/uploads/archive/1274398003_document_ipa_2009_financials_-_adjusted.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1989, IPA NSW - wanda koyaushe ya kasance mai banbanci da akida - ya canza sunan zuwa Cibiyar [[Sydney]], kuma ya sauya daga tankin tunani na neo-liberal zuwa taron tattaunawa. IPA NSW tana da kasafin kuɗi na $ 120,000 a 1985, idan aka kwatanta da $ 300,000 na IPA Victoria.<ref name=":1" /> Rod Kemp ya bar matsayinsa na babban darakta a shekarar 1989 yayin da aka zabe shi a majalisar dokoki. A cikin 1991, IPA ta haɗu da Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Jama'a ta Australiya da ke Perth kuma John Hyde ya ƙaura daga babban darakta na Cibiyar Nazaren Manufofin Jamaʼa ta Australia zuwa babban darakta ya IPA.<ref name="IPA"/> Hyde ne ya kafa AIPP a cikin 1983 a matsayin mai tunani mai sassaucin ra'ayi, kuma haɗuwa ta kawo kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na kusan $ 300,000 ko $ 400,000 ga IPA. Hyde ya bayyana haɗuwa a matsayin "haɗin gwiwa tare da tsoffin abokai". IPA ta ba da hadin kai tare da Cibiyar Tasman a kan Shirin Victoria, wanda ya ba da tsari don keɓancewa da sake sarrafa tattalin arzikin Victoria lokacin da Jeff Kennett ya zama firaminista a shekarar 1992. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Craig |first=McIntosh, Peter |date=2010 |title=Crisis management: the Kennett Government and the neo-Liberalising of Victoria |url=https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/items/d193507f-9b9d-49de-b15c-3d2e7982c317/1/}}</ref> An yi binciken ne tare da taimakon ma'aikatan Westpac da aka tura don yin aiki a kan aikin. === Zamanin Nahan da Roskam (1995-yanzu) === [[Fayil:Mr_Roskham_b.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Tsohon Babban Darakta na IPA John Roskam]] John Roskam ya maye gurbin Mike Nahan a matsayin babban darakta a shekara ta 2005, kodayake ya yi aiki a IPA shekaru da yawa kafin hakan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneiders |first=Royce Millar, Ben |date=2013-08-24 |title=Free radicals |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/free-radicals-20130824-2sik1.html |access-date=2018-04-19 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref> Tsakanin shekara ta 2009 da 2013, kudaden shiga na IPA na shekara-shekara ya ninka zuwa dala miliyan 3.2 a kowace shekara, karuwar da Roskam ya danganta ga yakin neman zabe na IPA game da wasu sassa na Dokar Nuna Bambanci da kuma shawarwarin tsarin kafofin watsa labarai na [[Gillard government|Gwamnatin Gillard]]. A shekara ta 2008, an nada tsohon darektan zartarwa na IPA Rod Kemp a matsayin shugaban IPA. A cikin 2013 IPA ta yi bikin cika shekaru 70, wanda mai sharhi na siyasa Andrew Bolt ya jagoranci. Shahararrun masu halartar bukukuwan sune: <ref name="ANDEV Home">{{Cite web |title=Institute of Public Affairs 70th Anniversary Dinner |url=http://www.andev-project.org/resources/institute-of-public-affairs-70th-anniversary-dinner/ |access-date=7 August 2018 |website=ANDEV Home}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-05 |title=Abbott, Bolt, Rinehart fawn in the IPA court of King Murdoch |url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2013/04/05/abbott-bolt-rinehart-fawn-in-the-ipa-court-of-king-murdoch/ |access-date=2019-03-08 |website=Crikey}}</ref> * [[Gina Rinehart]] * Rupert Murdoch * Tony Abbott - Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa ta Liberal * George Pell - Kadanal na Australiya na Cocin Roman Katolika * Michael Kroger - a lokacin Shugaban ƙungiyar Victoria na Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Ostiraliya kuma tsohon darektan IPA * Mitch Fifield - Ministan Sadarwa na Liberal * Robert Doyle - Mai Girma Mai Girma na Melbourne * Denis Napthine - Firayim Minista na Victoria A watan Agustan 2018, Kwamishinan Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Australia John Lloyd ya yi murabus yayin bincike kan wasikun da yake da shi tare da tsoffin abokan aikinsa a Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a. A ranar da ya yi ritaya, binciken ya kammala cewa ya karya ka'idar halayyar ma'aikatan jama'a ta Australiya ta hanyar yin rubutu tare da Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a, amma karyawar ba ta ba da izini ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dingwall |first=Doug |date=2018-08-08 |title=John Lloyd breached code of conduct over email to think tank, inquiry finds |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/politics/federal/john-lloyd-breached-code-of-conduct-over-emails-to-think-tank-inquiry-finds-20180808-p4zwc2.html |access-date=2018-12-10 |website=Canberra Times}}</ref> Lloyd daga baya ya koma aiki a IPA.<ref name="Hannan">{{Cite web |last=Hannan |first=Ewin |date=2018-12-17 |title=IR warrior John Lloyd takes up cudgels at IPA |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/industrial-relations/ir-warrior-john-lloyd-takes-up-cudgels-at-ipa/news-story/4c569596f45b620002596868f3c33fae |website=[[The Australian]]}}</ref> A cikin 2018, IPA ta gudanar da abincin dare biyu don bikin cika shekaru 75 da haihuwa. Na farko Visy ne ya dauki nauyinsa kuma ya faru ne a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta, daren farko na 2018 Liberal Party of Australia. Tsohon Firayim Minista John Howard ya yi hira da Janet Albrechtsen a abincin dare game da zubarwar, amma bai goyi bayan kowanne dan takara ba. [[Gina Rinehart]] da Rupert Murdoch sun yaba da Shugaban Amurka [[Donald Trump]] a abincin dare.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2018-08-21 |title=Howard says a leader's first responsibility is to their party |url=https://www.afr.com/brand/rear-window/howard-says-a-leaders-first-responsibility-is-to-their-party-20180821-h149er |access-date=2018-12-10 |website=Australian Financial Review}}</ref> Crown Melbourne ce ta shirya abincin dare na biyu a watan Nuwamba, kuma Janet Albrechtsen, Andrew Bolt da Brendan O'Neill ne suka shirya shi. Baƙi sun haɗa da shugaban mai tara kuɗi na Jam'iyyar Liberal da Gidauniyar Cormack Charles Goode; tsoffin mambobin kwamitin Cormack Hugh Morgan da John Calvert-Jones; Ministan Liberal Alan Tudge; da kuma mai dabarun Liberal Brian Loughnane . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Loussikian |first=Kylar |date=2018-11-29 |title=Bush stand-off as lobbyist, Nats go head-to-head |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/bush-stand-off-as-lobbyist-nats-go-head-to-head-20181129-p50j8p.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010142/https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/bush-stand-off-as-lobbyist-nats-go-head-to-head-20181129-p50j8p.html |archive-date=11 December 2018 |access-date=2018-12-10 |website=Canberra Times}}</ref> A cikin 2020, IPA ta fitar da bidiyon da ke nuna Darakta na Manufofin Gideon Rozner, yana kira ga kawo karshen Matakan kulle COVID-19. An saki bidiyon ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, kasa da mako guda bayan majalisar dokokin COVID-19 ta Australia ta amince da kulle-kulle.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-15 |title=National Cabinet Statement {{!}} Prime Minister of Australia |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-cabinet-statement |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415221629/https://www.pm.gov.au/media/national-cabinet-statement |archive-date=15 April 2020 |access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Wannan ya sanya IPA ta zama kungiyar farko a Ostiraliya da ta yi kira ga kawo karshen kulle-kulle, wani matsayi mai rikitarwa a lokacin. A cikin 2021, a cikin martani ga gwamnatin Labor ta Victoria don hana nunawa ga jama'a na swastika na Nazi da sauran alamomin ƙiyayya, Roskam ya yi tir da matakin a matsayin "mafi munin hari kan 'yancin magana da aka taɓa yi la'akari da shi a ko'ina a Ostiraliya".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-02 |title=Victoria to ban swastikas as anti-vilification laws strengthened |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-09-02/victoria-to-ban-swastika-under-tighter-anti-vilification-laws/100428628 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> A cikin 2023, IPA ta haɗu da tankunan tunani na kasuwa kyauta Cibiyar Nazarin Masu Zaman Kansu, LibertyWorks, ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya Advance, da kamfanonin man fetur da yawa don daidaita kamfen ɗin Babu a lokacin raba gardama na Australian Indigenous Voice na 2023. <ref name="Silencing the Voice">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=Jeremy |date=30 September 2023 |title=Silencing the Voice: the Fossil-fuelled Atlas Network's Campaign against Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australia |url=https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/mcs/article/view/8813/8267 |journal=Cosmopolitan Civil Societies |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=105–125 |doi=10.5130/ccs.v15.i2.8813 |access-date=20 February 2024 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Kudi da masu ba da gudummawa == IPA tana samun kuɗi daga membobinta, wanda ya haɗa da masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni. Hancock Prospecting ne ya ba da gudummawa sosai, wanda [[Gina Rinehart]] ita ce Shugaban zartarwa. Hancock Prospecting ya biya IPA dala miliyan 2.3 a cikin shekara ta 2016 da dala miliyan 2.2 a cikin shekara na 2017, <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Rinehart v Rinehart - NSW Caselaw |url=https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/5b4d22a6e4b0b9ab4020dda9 |access-date=2018-07-19 |website=www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au}}</ref> wanda ke wakiltar kashi ɗaya bisa uku zuwa rabi na jimlar kudaden shiga na IPA a cikin waɗannan shekarun. Wadannan biyan kuɗi ba a bayyana su a cikin rahotanni na shekara-shekara na IPA ba, <ref name=":13" /> kuma 'yar Rinehart [[Bianca Hope Heyward]] ta gabatar a kotu cewa an ba da kuɗin Hancock Prospecting ga Rinehart a cikin mutum ɗaya.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Bid to involve Barnaby Joyce an attempt to embarrass former deputy PM, says magnate |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/bid-to-involve-barnaby-joyce-an-attempt-to-embarrass-former-deputy-pm-says-magnate/news-story/6869c1d198e242ef97eea7bc4b3094fb |url-access=subscription |access-date=7 August 2018 |website=[[Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Gina Rinehart ta zama memba na rayuwa na IPA a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rinehart |first=Gina |title=Mrs. Rinehart made an Honorary Life Member of the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA) |url=https://www.ginarinehart.com.au/mrs-rinehart-made-honorary-life-member-institute-public-affairs-ipa/ |website=Gina Rinehart |access-date=2025-08-01 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310084424/https://www.ginarinehart.com.au/mrs-rinehart-made-honorary-life-member-institute-public-affairs-ipa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sauran kasuwancin da ke tallafawa ko kuma sun ba da kuɗin IPA sun haɗa da ExxonMobil, Telstra, WMC Resources, Philip Morris, Murray Irrigation Limited, <ref>{{Cite web |title=VIC Country Hour &#124; ABC Rural (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/rural/programs/ |website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref> Visy, <ref name=":19"/> Clough Engineering, Caltex, Shell, Esso da British American Tobacco (BAT). <ref name="Norington" /> Masu ba da kuɗi suna iya "ƙaddamarwa" biyan kuɗin su don tallafawa aikin wasu raka'a a cikin IPA. Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a ta kuma sami tallafi daga ƙungiyar Liberal Party da ke da alaƙa da Gidauniyar Cormack . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-14 |title=Kroger loses the pot in the battle with the Cormack Foundation |url=https://www.afr.com/news/economy/kroger-loses-the-pot-20180614-h11ed2 |access-date=2018-12-10 |website=Australian Financial Review}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, Gwamnatin Howard ta ba da $ 50,000 ga Cibiyar Harkokin Jama'a don sake duba alhakin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu. == Haɗin siyasa da sadarwar == An kafa IPA Victoria a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa don mayar da martani ga tsoron karuwar ikon Jam'iyyar Labor da zamantakewar kasa da kasa, tare da wanda ya kafa C. D. Kemp ya sanya lamarin ga kwamitin Victorian Chamber of Manufactures kamar haka:   An kafa IPA Victoria a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta, kuma ta ki amincewa da dabarun IPA NSW na "matakin siyasa na gajeren lokaci kai tsaye don kayar da Jam'iyyar Labor tare da jaddada farfaganda". Koyaya, IPA Victoria ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamitin kudi ga jam'iyyun da ba na Labour ba a cikin shekara ta farko, kuma Mai Ba da Kuɗi na IPA a lokacin ya ce yawancin kudaden IPA Victoria sun kasance sun danganta da cewa ana kashe su don "yaƙi da zamantakewar al'umma a zaben da ke zuwa" (zabar tarayya ta Australiya ta 1943). Ofishin Talla da Bincike ya rubuta masu watsa shirye-shiryen siyasa, ya ba da bayanan masu magana ga duk 'yan takarar United Australia da United Country Party da kuma samar da tallace-tallace.<ref name=":6" /> An sake tantance shigar IPA Victoria kai tsaye a cikin siyasar tarayya bayan zaben 1943, kuma kungiyar ta ba da alhakin tara kudade ga bangaren da ba na majalisa na United Australia Party. IPA Victoria ta ci gaba da shiga cikin siyasar da ba ta Labor ba, gami da tallafawa 'yan takarar zaɓe da kuma shiga cikin kafa Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Ostiraliya. IPA Victoria ba ta da hannu a Zaben tarayya na 1949 fiye da zaben 1943, amma IPA Review ta buga labaran da ke jayayya da kwaminisanci da kuma shawarwari ga Jam'iyyar Liberal. A lokacin Charles Kemp a matsayin darektan, IPA Victoria ta mayar da hankali ga aikin siyasa a kan jam'iyyun da ba na Labour ba, kuma ba ta "yi ƙoƙari sosai" don rinjayar 'yan siyasa na Labour ba. Masanin kimiyya da ma'aikacin gwamnati Finlay Crisp ya bayyana shi a matsayin "satellite" na Jam'iyyar Liberal a wannan lokacin, kuma ''Binciken IPA'' yana da manufofin kada ya kusanci adadi na Labor don gabatarwar da kuma yin sukar gwamnatin Liberal. A shekara ta 1978, IPA da Majalisar Kwadago ta Australiya sun shirya wani ɗan littafin kan haɗin gwiwa a masana'antu, amma ACTU ta yi watsi da ƙungiyar kuma sunanta ba a cikin littafin ƙarshe ba. A cikin shekarun 1980s, IPA ta canza manufofinta kuma ta yi sarari a cikin ''Binciken IPA'' don 'yan siyasa na Labor da "wasu ba na rinjayar kamfanoni kyauta ba". Cibiyar ta ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa da akidar da siyasa tare da Jam'iyyar Liberal a cikin karni na 21. Babban Darakta na IPA John Roskam ya yi aiki a yakin neman zabe na Jam'iyyar Liberal a lokacin Zaben tarayya na 2001 kuma ya tsaya takarar zaben Jam'iyyar liberal. Tony Abbott ya gabatar da lacca na 57 na C D Kemp a shekara ta 2001 a kan aikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa don shirin Dole kuma Firayim Minista John Howard ya gabatar da lecca na 60 na C D D Kemp A shekara ta 2004, mai taken Iraki: Muhimmancin Ganin ta Ta hanyar . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2003 |title=Is this the end of the liberal party? |url=https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/04/23/1050777301768.html |access-date=2018-07-12 |website=www.theage.com.au}}</ref> Howard ya kuma ce manufofinta suna da tasiri daga IPA, wanda "ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga muhawara ta ilimi kan batutuwa kuma hakan yana da tasiri ga abin da Jam'iyyar Liberal ke ɗauka". == Bincike == Bayan Zaben tarayya na 2013 na gwamnatin Abbott Coalition, IPA ta fitar da jerin shirye-shiryen manufofi 75 (daga baya ta kara da wasu 25) don "canja Australia" wanda ya ƙunshi jagorancin yanzu na IPA.<ref name=":11"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-18 |title=IPA adds to its wishlist, and almost half are on Abbott's cards |url=https://www.crikey.com.au/2013/09/18/ipa-adds-to-its-wishlist-and-almost-half-are-on-abbotts-cards/ |access-date=2017-05-14 |website=Crikey}}</ref> IPA tana da alaƙa da Cibiyar Nazarin Atlas, ƙungiyar laima ta duniya ta tankunan tunani na kasuwa kyauta.<ref name="Silencing the Voice"/> === Tattalin Arziki === Matsayin akidar IPA Victoria da farko shine "haɗe-haɗe na kulawar Keynesianism da ka'idojin Hayekian", tare da Shugaban IPA Eric Lampe a cikin 1961 yana cewa IPA ta ɗauki alhakin gwamnati don cikakken aiki, tsaro na zamantakewa, saurin ci gaba, yanayin rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali na kudi "duk ya zama dole".<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Michael |first=Bertram |date=1989 |title=A history of the Institute of Public Affairs |url=https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/38363 |pages=152–155}} [[Rukuni:CS1 errors: missing periodical]]</ref> Wannan ya canza a ƙarshen 1970s da 1980s, lokacin da IPA ta karɓi matsayin tattalin arziki ko neo-liberal, tare da IPA tana cewa a cikin 1988 cewa: <ref name=":7"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Sunan ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Ranar da aka nada ! scope="col" |Ranar da ta ƙare ! scope="col" |Lokacin aiki ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! scope="col" |Ref |- | data-sort-value="Albrechtsen," |Janet Albrechtsen |Daraktan | |''mai mulki'' | |Marubucin ra'ayi na The ''Australiya'' kuma tsohon darektan Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya | |- | data-sort-value="Abbott," |Tony Abbott |Mai Kyau | |''mai mulki'' | |Tsohon Firayim Minista na Ostiraliya (28th) kuma tsohon memba na Tarayya na Warringah (1994-2019) |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tony Abbottt |url=https://ipa.org.au/author/thehontonyabbott |access-date=27 January 2021 |publisher=Institute of Public Affairs}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Berg," |Chris Berg |Mataimakin Fellow |2004 |2020 | |Mawallafi - Lokacin da aka nada 2017-2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chris Berg |url=http://ipa.org.au/people/chris-berg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618164620/http://ipa.org.au/people/chris-berg |archive-date=18 June 2016 |access-date=7 June 2016 |publisher=Institute of Public Affairs}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Bolt," |James Bolt |Manajan sadarwa na dijital | |''mai mulki'' | |Dan Andrew Bolt, mai sharhi kan siyasa na Australiya | |- | data-sort-value="Grant," |Uba James Grant |Mataimakin Fellow | |''mai mulki'' | |Firist na Katolika kuma wanda ya kafa Chaplains Without Borders, da Katolika a Kasuwanci |<ref name="people">{{Cite web |title=People |url=http://ipa.org.au/people/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220083803/http://ipa.org.au/people |archive-date=20 December 2013 |access-date=23 December 2013 |publisher=Institute of Public Affairs}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Lloyd," |John Lloyd |Darakta na Ayyukan Gyara da Samun Ayyuka (tsohon) Darakta Na Dangantaka a Wurin Aiki (yanzu) Daraktan Dangantakar Wurin Aiki (a halin yanzu) |Ba a sani ba (Work Reform) 2018 (Hadin gwiwar Aiki) |2014 (Work Reform) mai aiki (Workplace Relations) ''mai mulki'' (Workplace Relations) | |Tsohon Kwamishinan Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Australiya; Tsohon Kwamishin Ginin Australiya |<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Lloyd |url=https://ipa.org.au/people/john-lloyd |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225094730/https://ipa.org.au/people/john-lloyd |archive-date=25 February 2016 |publisher=Institute of Public Affairs}}</ref><ref name="Hannan"/> |- | data-sort-value="Paterson," |James Paterson |Mataimakin Darakta |2014 |2016 | |Sanata na Australiya wanda ke wakiltar Victoria don Jam'iyyar Liberal Tun daga 2016 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=People: James Paterson |url=https://ipa.org.au/people/james-paterson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406073220/http://ipa.org.au/people/james-paterson |archive-date=6 April 2016 |access-date=2 April 2016 |publisher=Institute of Public Affairs}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Penington," |David Penington | | | | |Tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Melbourne |<ref name="people" /> |- | data-sort-value="Potts," |Jason Potts |Mataimakin Fellow | |''mai mulki'' | |Masanin tattalin arziki |<ref name="people" /> |- | data-sort-value="Smith," |Tony Smith |Mataimakin Bincike | align="center" |1989 | align="center" |1990 | align="right" |Shekaru 0-1 |Dan jam'iyyar Liberal na Casey, Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai daga watan Agusta 2015 zuwa 2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hon Tony Smith MP |url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=00APG |access-date=18 June 2016 |publisher=Parliament of Australia}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Switzer," |Tom Switzer |Mataimakin Fellow | | | |Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Nazarin Mai Zaman Kanta; tsohon Babban Mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban Liberal na lokacin Brendan Nelson (2009) |<ref name="people" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-21 |title=Tom Switzer |url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/tom-switzer/6032230 |access-date=2018-07-12 |website=Radio National}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Wilson," |Tim Wilson |Daraktan Siyasa | align="center" |2007 | align="center" |2013 | align="right" |Shekaru 5-6 |Tsohon memba na Liberal na Goldstein (2016-2022); tsohon Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Australiya |<ref name="people" /> |- |Morris Williams |Mataimakin Bincike |1947 |1972 |Shekaru 24-25 |Dan majalisa na Box Hill (1973-1976) da Doncaster (1976-1988) |<ref name="Michael 1989 90">{{Cite journal |last=Michael |first=Bertram |date=1989 |title=A history of the Institute of Public Affairs |url=https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/38363 |pages=90}}</ref> |- |Ian Plimer |Mai ba da gudummawa, ''Canjin Yanayi: Gaskiya'' | | | |Masanin ilimin ƙasa, mai musun canjin yanayi[[Ƙin canjin yanayi|Mai musanta canjin yanayi]] |<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-10 |title=Rafe Champion's chapterwise review of Climate Change The Facts 2017 |url=https://ipa.org.au/ipa-today/rafe-champions-chapterwise-review-of-climate-change-the-facts-2017 |access-date=2018-12-10 |website=IPA - The Voice For Freedom}}</ref> |- |Ken Ring |Mai ba da gudummawa, ''Canjin Yanayi: Gaskiya'' | | | |Marubuci, mai tsinkaya na "maɓallin yanayi" |<ref name=":18" /> |- |- |Evan Mulholland | | | | |Dan majalisa na Victoria Tun daga 2022 |<ref name="Michael 1989 90" /> |} === Masu ba da gudummawa, mambobi da abokan tarayya === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |Sunan ! scope="col" |Dangantaka da IPA ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! scope="col" |Ref |- | data-sort-value="Rinehart," |[[Gina Rinehart]] |Mai ba da gudummawa; memba na rayuwa Ɗaya daga cikin Rayuwa |Shugaban Hancock Prospecting, sanannen mai musanta canjin yanayi |<ref name="people"/><ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gina Rinehart appears in climate denial video |url=https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/gina-rinehart-warns-of-propaganda-in-climate-denial-video-to-students-20211006-p58xry.html |website=amp.smh.com.au}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Leyonhjelm," |David Leyonhjelm |memba |Tsohon Sanata na Australiya (2014-2019), yana wakiltar kansa da Jam'iyyar Liberal Democratic Party |<ref name="Seccombe, Mike" /> |- | data-sort-value="Day," |Ranar Bob |memba |Tsohon Sanata na Australiya wanda ke wakiltar Kudancin Australia don Jam'iyyar Family First Party (2014-2016) | |- | data-sort-value="Gosper," |Kevan Gosper |Mai jefa kuri'a |Tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics na Duniya; tsohon shugaban da Shugaba na [[Shell|Royal Dutch Shell]] a Ostiraliya |<ref name="people" /> |- |} == Littattafai == Ana buga ''Binciken IPA'' a kwata-kwata. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8souc4tmz58w4u3mgqi1fa29yxa26o0 0 109698 839334 686300 2026-05-23T13:21:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Carlyon_Bay_Beach_-_geograph.org.uk_-_295877.jpg|right|thumb|Yankin rairayin bakin teku a shekara ta 2003]] [[Fayil:Partly_demolished_Cornwall_Coliseum,_Carlyon_Bay_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1212381.jpg|right|thumb|An rushe wani bangare na Cornwall Coliseum]] '''Carlyon Bay''' ( Cornish ) bakin teku ne da saitin [[Bakin teku|rairayin bakin teku]] guda uku (Crinnis, Shorthorn da Polgaver) kusa da St Austell a kudu maso gabar Cornwall, Ingila, United Kingdom. Tana da nisan {{Convert|2|mi|km|1}} gabas da tsakiyar gari. <ref>Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 204 ''Truro & Falmouth'' {{ISBN|978-0-319-23149-4}}</ref> Tsakanin 1920 da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Carlyon Bay shine shafin New Cornish Riviera Lido da manyan wuraren wasanni. Bayan yakin ya zama sananne da Cornish Leisure World . Wani babban wurin, Cornwall Coliseum, ya buɗe a cikin shekarun 1950, ya shirya nune-nunen, gasa ta tennis da kide-kide ta mawaƙa, amma ya rasa muhimmancinsa tare da buɗe Plymouth Pavilions a cikin 1991.<ref name="history">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.carlyonbeach.com/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821044254/http://www.carlyonbeach.com/history |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |publisher=Commercial Estates Group}}</ref><ref name="CBW History">{{Cite web |title=History of Carlyon Bay's beaches |url=http://www.carlyonbaywatch.com/5.html |access-date=20 August 2014 |publisher=Carlyon Bay Watch |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821090011/http://www.carlyonbaywatch.com/5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wurin ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon shekara ta 2003 lokacin da kawai gidan wasan dare na Gossips ya kasance a buɗe, har sai an rufe shi jim kadan bayan haka. Ginin ya tsaya, ya fada cikin lalacewa, har sai an fara rushe shi a watan Afrilun 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Demolition work starts at Cornwall Coliseum |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-32305906 |access-date=7 November 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Tun daga shekarun 1990s akwai shirye-shirye don ci gaban gidaje da kuma wurin shakatawa. Yankin da ke kewaye da bay ya kasance cibiyar masana'antar hakar ma'adinai kuma yanzu filin golf ne. Hanyar Kudancin Yamma Yamma tana gudana tare da saman dutse da kuma fadin filin golf. An kafa Otal din Cliff Head a cikin 1934 kuma ya tsaya har sai an rushe shi a cikin 2017. Carlyon Bay kuma shine shafin yanar gizon Carlyon bay, wanda ke tsaye kuma yana kallon saman dutsen tare da ra'ayoyin bayin. A shekara ta 1979 an yi fim din ''Dracula'' a Carlyon Bay kuma a shekara ta 1986 bidiyon kiɗa na Is This Love? Alison Moyet ta yi fim a bakin rairayin bakin teku. Polgaver Beach ana amfani da shi ta hanyar masu zane-zane.<ref name="westbriton2016">{{Cite web |last=Smallcombe |first=Mike |date=19 July 2016 |title=There are plenty of nudist beaches around Cornwall... |url=http://www.westbriton.co.uk/there-are-plenty-of-nudist-beaches-around-cornwall/story-29527125-detail/story.html |access-date=2016-07-20 |website=West Briton |quote=}}</ref> Babban dutse a bakin tekun an san shi da Stack Rock == Shirye-shiryen sake ginawa == [[Fayil:The_beach_and_its_temporary_reinforced_sea_wall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_495307.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayi na rairayin bakin teku na Crinnis tare da bangon teku na wucin gadi.]] Asalin izinin tsarawa na 1990 don sake ginawa a cikin gidaje 500 da farko ba a fahimta ba, babban cikas shine buƙatar ingantaccen tsaro na teku. A watan Yulin 2011, Majalisar Cornwall ta amince da sabon aikace-aikacen tsarawa don gidaje masu alatu 500 da wuraren da ke da alaƙa. Masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu (asalin Ampersand yanzu ana kiransu Commercial Estates Group [CEG]) suna shirin fara aiki a kan sabon tsaron teku a ƙarshen 2011 da kuma kan gidaje a cikin bazara na 2012. Koyaya, an dakatar da tsare-tsaren a watan Disamba na 2012 kuma ba a fara aikin ba a watan Agusta na shekara ta 2014.<ref name="CBW News">{{Cite web |date=6 December 2012 |title=Latest News - Section December 6th 2012 |url=http://www.carlyonbaywatch.com/page_22.html |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Carlyon Bay Watch |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821090246/http://www.carlyonbaywatch.com/page_22.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai adawa da yawa a cikin gida ga masu haɓakawa. Ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan jayayya shine haƙƙin jama'a guda biyu ta hanyar shafin. A wani bincike na jama'a a watan Yunin 2014 Majalisar Cornwall ta amince da wanzuwar haƙƙin hanya, CEG ta yi amfani da haƙƙinta na daukaka kara kuma yanke shawara yanzu tana tare da Sakataren Gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Access |url=http://www.carlyonbaywatch.com/public_access_39.html |access-date=20 August 2014 |publisher=Carlyon Bay Watch |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821084929/http://www.carlyonbaywatch.com/public_access_39.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani batu na jayayya shine tsaron teku. Shirye-shiryen asali na 1990 sun ba da shawarar babban bango na teku. Bayan zanga-zangar cikin gida an gudanar da bincike na jama'a a shekara ta 2006 wanda ya ki amincewa da tsare-tsaren. An yarda da tsarin da aka sake fasalinsa a cikin 2011 amma ba a fara gini ba tukuna. An shigar da tsaron takarda na wucin gadi a farkon 2000s ba tare da izinin tsarawa ba, an nemi masu haɓakawa su cire su a cikin 2008 amma sun kasance har zuwa 2014. An ki amincewa da aikace-aikacen tsarawa don tsaro na wucin gadi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013 kuma a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014 Majalisar Cornwall ta yanke shawarar daukar mataki na tilasta aiki don cire bangon wucin rai. An ba da izini a cikin 2015 don sabon gidaje da ci gaban nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carlyon Bay plans approved by Cornwall Council |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cornwall-31445509 |access-date=7 November 2016 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa da ilimin ƙasa == Carlyon Bay yana kewaye da ƙananan duwatsu kuma an raba shi zuwa yankuna uku: Crinnis, Shorthorn da Polgaver . Yawancin yashi a kan rairayin bakin teku a zahiri kayan sharar gida ne daga masana'antar yumbu da aka sani da "stent". Cornwall Wildlife Trust ya gano Shorthorn Beach (tsakiyar rairayin bakin teku ta uku) a matsayin shafin da ke da muhimmanci ga kasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5zq7qu44zqexfkhmki47vfoe5rxpxha 0 110044 839530 822743 2026-05-23T23:29:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clyde Howard Bellecourt''' (8 ga Mayun shekara ta 1936 - 11 ga Janairu, 2022) ya kasance mai shirya haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasar Amirka. Sunansa na Ojibwe shine Nee-gon-we-way-dun, wanda ke nufin "Thunder Before the Storm". Ya kafa [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] (AIM) a Minneapolis, Minnesota, a cikin 1968 tare da Dennis Banks, Eddie Benton-Banai, da George Mitchell . Babban ɗan'uwansa, Vernon Bellecourt, shi ma yana aiki a cikin motsi. A karkashin jagorancin Bellecourt, AIM ta yi nasarar wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan kabilanci. AIM ta haskaka haske game da cin zarafin 'yan sanda a Minneapolis. Bellecourt ta kafa "makarantu masu tsira" masu nasara a cikin Twin Cities don taimakawa yaran 'yan asalin Amurka su koyi al'adun gargajiya. A shekara ta 1972, ya fara tafiya zuwa Washington, DC da ake kira Trail of Broken Treaties, yana fatan sake tattauna yarjejeniyar tarayya da kabilanci. Kungiyoyin da ba na riba ba ne da ya kafa an tsara su ne don inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka.<ref name="MPR">{{Cite web |title=Clyde Bellecourt |url=https://archive.mpr.org/collections/people/clyde-bellecourt |access-date=January 13, 2022 |publisher=MPR archive, Minnesota Public Radio}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Clyde Bellecourt shi ne na bakwai cikin yara goma sha biyu da aka haifa wa iyayensa, Charles da Angeline, a White Earth Indian Reservation a arewacin [[Minnesota]] . Daga cikin 'yan uwansa maza akwai ɗan'uwansa Vernon Bellecourt . Ginin ya talau kuma gidansa ba shi da ruwa ko wutar lantarki. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Bellecourt ya yi yaƙi da hukumomi, yana gaskata cewa ba su bi da iyalinsa da sauran Indiyawa da girmamawa ba.<ref name="AAANativeArts">{{Cite web |date=April 20, 2018 |title=Clyde Bellecourt, Cofounder of AIM |url=https://www.aaanativearts.com/clyde-bellecourt-cofounder-of-aim |access-date=January 12, 2022 |publisher=AAANativeArts}}</ref> Iyayensa sun gaya masa ya yi tunani game da iliminsa kuma ya yi yadda zai iya.<ref name="AAANativeArts" /> Shekaru a makaranta ba su da kyau. Yayinda yake yaro, ya halarci makarantar mishan ta Katolika da ke karkashin jagorancin nuns na Benedictine.<ref name="AAANativeArts" /> Matashi Bellecourt ya kama buns, kuma ya girbe shinkafa na daji da sukari har sai ya kai shekara 11 lokacin da aka kama shi saboda rashin bin doka da laifi, kuma aka tura shi zuwa Makarantar Horar da Jihar Red Wing. A lokacin da aka sake shi shekaru hudu bayan haka, dangin Bellecourt sun koma Minneapolis a cikin shekarun 1950, a karkashin Dokar Gudanar da Indiya ta 1956 inda gwamnatin tarayya ta karfafa motsawa zuwa saitunan inda za a iya samun karin damar aiki. Sun sami birnin da wahala, kuma Bellecourt ya amsa ga nuna bambanci da jin daɗi.<ref name="Reformer" /> Ya samu tsare a makaranta. <ref name="AAANativeArts" /> Samun shiga tare da mummunan tasiri, Bellecourt a ƙarshe ya haifar da tuhumar aikata laifuka. An yanke masa hukunci kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin zuwa gidan gyaran hali na manya da ke St. Cloud saboda wasu laifuka da suka hada da sata da fashi . <ref name="AAANativeArts"/> A lokacin da yake da shekaru 25, an tura Bellecourt zuwa gidan yarin Stillwater a cikin garin Minnesota, inda ya yi sauran hukuncinsa.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Bury My Heart &#124; City Pages |url=http://www.citypages.com/2000-02-16/news/bury-my-heart/full/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812214844/http://www.citypages.com/2000-02-16/news/bury-my-heart/full/ |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> A can ya sadu da wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu ma Ojibwe. Daga cikin wadanda akwai Eddie Benton-Banai (Ojibwe, 1931-2020), wanda ya fara shirin al'adu na kurkuku da ake kira American Indian Folklore Group don ýan asalin Amurka, <ref name="Davis">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Dr. Julie L |title=Not Just a Bunch of Radicals: A History of the Survival Schools |url=https://manifold.umn.edu/read/survival-schools/section/e1411ea9-e5e0-4dc4-bdaa-ad9d34d79fc8 |access-date=January 13, 2022 |publisher=Regents of the University of Minnesota |archive-date=January 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115063504/https://manifold.umn.edu/read/survival-schools/section/e1411ea9-e5e0-4dc4-bdaa-ad9d34d79fc8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> da Dennis Banks (Ojibw, 1937-2017). <ref name="banai">{{Cite web |last=Forliti |first=Amy |last2=Fonseca |first2=Felicia |date=December 2, 2020 |title=American Indian Movement co-founder Benton-Banai dies at 89 |url=https://apnews.com/article/wisconsin-police-brutality-minneapolis-spirituality-police-eda9f977c99904f013bad01649e8dada |access-date=August 15, 2021 |website=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=D'Arcus |first=Bruce |date=May 2010 |title=The Urban Geography of Red Power: The American Indian Movement in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, 1968–70 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43079911 |journal=Urban Studies |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=1241–1255 |bibcode=2010UrbSt..47.1241D |doi=10.1177/0042098009360231 |jstor=43079911 |s2cid=146782977 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bayan sun yi aiki tare a kurkuku, sun yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar irin wannan shirin a Minneapolis, don taimakawa Indiyawan birane ta hanyar fallasa tarihin su, al'adun gargajiya, da ruhaniya.<ref name="AAANativeArts"/> == Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka == Bellecourt ya taimaka wajen gano AIM a lokacin taron Minneapolis a watan Yulin 1968 tare da Banks da George Mitchell na Leech Lake Reservation . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline |url=http://aimovement.weebly.com/timeline.html |access-date=June 11, 2020 |website=American Indian Movement}}</ref> Eddie Benton-Banai, wanda ya girma a wurin ajiyar Lac Courte Oreilles a arewacin Wisconsin, shi ma yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa.<ref name="banai"/> Suna tattauna yadda za a wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalolin da Indiyawa na Amurka suka fuskanta a cikin Twin Cities, da kuma warware waɗannan matsalolin. Batutuwan sun haɗa da cin zarafin 'yan sanda da zalunci ga' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka, nuna bambanci daga masu aiki, nuna bambancin a makaranta, gidaje marasa kyau, da rashin aikin yi tsakanin' yan Indiyawan Amurka.<ref name="JulieDavis" /> Da farko sun kira kansu "Amurkawa na Indiya," amma sun canza zuwa "ma'ana" bisa ga shawarar wata tsohuwar mace.<ref name="Davis" /> Banks ya rubuta a shekara ta 2004 cewa Bellecourt "mutum ne da ke cikin gaggawa don yin abubuwa," wanda "ya yi magana da irin wannan tsananin cewa sha'awarsa ta mamaye mu kamar guguwa. " <ref name="Davis" /> An zabi Bellecourt a matsayin shugaban kungiyar na farko, Dennis Banks filin darektan, da Charles Deegan mataimakin shugaban. <ref name="Davis"/> Sun fara saka idanu kan kama 'yan Indiyawan Amurka da sashen' yan sanda na yankin ya yi don tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye hakkinsu na farar hula kuma an bi da su da mutunci da girmamawa. Benton-Banai ya kuma yi aiki a kan wannan batun kafin ya yi aiki a gidan yarin Stillwater.<ref name="banai2">{{Cite web |last=Forliti |first=Amy |last2=Fonseca |first2=Felicia |date=December 2, 2020 |title=American Indian Movement co-founder Benton-Banai dies at 89 |url=https://apnews.com/article/wisconsin-police-brutality-minneapolis-spirituality-police-eda9f977c99904f013bad01649e8dada |access-date=August 15, 2021 |website=Associated Press}}</ref> A shekara ta 1970, ya jagoranci karbar Ofishin Harkokin Indiya (BIA) a Littleton, Colorado, don neman a sanya 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a matsayin masu kula da BIA. Wannan zanga-zangar ta bazu a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da rufe ofisoshin BIA guda takwas. A shekara ta 1971, Bellecourt ya ziyarci ƙauyen Indiyawan Chicago (CIV), ƙungiyar ƙabilu da ke zanga-zanga don wayar da kan jama'a da mafita ga yanayin gidaje mara kyau ga 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka a Chicago. CIV ta mamaye tsohon shafin batirin Nike anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami a Belmont Harbor a Chicago. FBI ta sami damar raba motsi kuma tun daga farkon karni na 21 ya tsira, ya raunana, a cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu, daya a Colorado kuma wanda Russell Means ya jagoranci, kuma na biyu a Minnesota kuma wanda 'yan uwan Bellecourt suka jagoranci, dukansu yanzu sun mutu. An kafa bangaren Minnesota a karkashin dokar Minnesota da Amurka kuma sun yi nasara a kokarin majalisa da zamantakewa da yawa. Lokacin da ya fashe, ƙungiyar Colorado ta zargi Minnesotans da laifuka daban-daban: a mafi yawancin, Bellecourts suna lakafta kansu jami'an AIM na ƙasa da zamba, saboda shugabannin ƙasa ba su wanzu a cikin ƙungiyar ƙauyuka ba.<ref name="Colorado">{{Cite web |title=1994 Charges Against the Bellecourts |url=http://www.coloradoaim.org/history/1994chargesagainstbellecourts3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012000243/http://www.coloradoaim.org/history/1994chargesagainstbellecourts3.htm |archive-date=October 12, 2008 |access-date=August 11, 2014}}</ref> == Hanyar Yarjejeniyar da ta Rushe == A watan Agustan 1972, shugaban kabilanci Robert Burnette na Rosebud Reservation ya ba da shawarar tafiya ta zaman lafiya a Washington, DC, wanda ya zama sananne da Trail of Broken Treaties . Sun so su nuna gazawar gwamnatin tarayya wajen cika wajibai na yarjejeniyarta da kuma talauci mai yawa tsakanin 'yan asalin Amurka. Kungiyar ta goyi bayan kafa Hukumar Tarayyar Indiya a matsayin wani ɓangare na reshen zartarwa da kuma kawar da BIA, daga cikin jerin abubuwan da suke bukata. Masu shirya taron da farko sun shirya yawon shakatawa na zaman lafiya na wuraren tarihi na Washington da ganawa da manyan jami'an gwamnati don gabatar da "maki 20," a matsayin jerin korafe-korafe da bukatun su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trail of Broken Treaties 20-Point Position Paper - An Indian Manifesto |url=http://www.aimovement.org/ggc/trailofbrokentreaties.html |access-date=January 13, 2022 |website=AIM Movement}}</ref> Ba tare da samun masauki a wani wuri ba, <ref name="Cobb2">{{Cite web |last=Cobb, Daniel |date=October 2, 2021 |title=The Trail of Broken Treaties and Occupation of Wounded Knee |url=https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/the-trail-of-broken-treaties-and-occupation-of-wounded-knee/ |access-date=January 19, 2022 |publisher=The Teaching Company }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> kimanin masu fafutuka 1,000 [[Bureau of Indian Affairs building takeover|sun mamaye Ofishin Harkokin Indiya]] . ^{''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|An]]'' &#x5B; &#x5D;} sun yi mummunar barna ga fayilolin yarjejeniya da sauran bayanan tarihi tsakanin gwamnatin tarayya da kabilu. Sun yi kira da a kawo karshen cin hanci da rashawa da rashin gudanar da mulki a cikin BIA. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Framing Red Power |url=https://www.framingredpower.org/narrative/tbt/ |access-date=June 11, 2020 |website=www.framingredpower.org |archive-date=July 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701230613/https://www.framingredpower.org/narrative/tbt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trail of Broken Treaties 20-Point Position Paper - An Indian Manifesto |url=https://www.aimovement.org/ggc/trailofbrokentreaties.html |access-date=June 11, 2020 |website=www.aimovement.org}}</ref> Bellecourt, Bankuna da sauran shugabannin AIM sun tattauna da gwamnatin tarayya. Bayan wani aiki daga Nuwamba 3 har zuwa Nuwamba 9, <ref name="Cobb2" /> gwamnatin Nixon ta ba wa masu fafutuka $ 66,000 a farashin sufuri don musanyawa ga sakamako na lumana. Wani zaman majalisar da aka yi ya kiyasta barnar a kan dala $250.000. Kasancewar hedkwatar BIA ya canza AIM sosai. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t3s5baeqrofl0d0z4i9n8w7k417hwlx 0 110127 839326 694605 2026-05-23T12:23:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Canjin yanayi a [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]]''' babban lamari ne saboda ana ɗaukar Guatemala ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da suka fi fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Guatemala {{!}} Global Climate Change |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/guatemala |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Climate Links |publisher=[[USAID]] |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Guatemala "ta kasance ta biyu a duniya a kan Global Climate Risk Index, wanda ke nuna matakin fallasawa da rauni ga matsanancin abubuwan da suka faru. " <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-11-27 |title=Guatemala |url=https://ccafs.cgiar.org/guatemala |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Research Program on Agriculture, Climate Change, and Food Security |language=en}}</ref> Dukkanin samar da aikin gona na kasuwanci da aikin gona sun ragu, kuma ta haka ne manoma masu cin abinci sun sami wahalar samun aiki a matsayin ma'aikatan rana lokacin da amfanin gonar su ya gaza.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-10-23 |title=Changing climate forces desperate Guatemalans to migrate |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/10/drought-climate-change-force-guatemalans-migrate-to-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031220415/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/10/drought-climate-change-force-guatemalans-migrate-to-us/ |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=[[National Geographic]]}}</ref> Kimanin manoma 300,000 sun ba da rahoton asarar amfanin gona saboda fari a cikin 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Conor |date= |title=Conor Walsh: Immigration and climate change in Central America |url=https://tucson.com/opinion/national/conor-walsh-immigration-and-climate-change-in-central-america/article_f9d39a5f-c475-5255-8b71-0b0c542a3ec7.html |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Kimanin rabin ma'aikatan Guatemala suna cikin bangaren noma. An gano amfanin gona mara kyau saboda canjin yanayi a matsayin abin da ke haifar da ƙaura zuwa Amurka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Ari |last2=Blitzer |first2=Jonathan |date=April 10, 2019 |title=Climate Change Is Forcing Farmers In Guatemala To Leave Their Land For The U.S. |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711951941/climate-change-is-forcing-farmers-in-guatemala-to-leave-their-land-for-the-u-s |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=[[NPR]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Padgett |first=Tim |date=Apr 8, 2019 |title=Guatemalan Climate Change Refugees Pouring Over U.S. Border – And Into South Florida |url=https://www.wlrn.org/post/guatemalan-climate-change-refugees-pouring-over-us-border-and-south-florida |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=[[WLRN-FM|WLRN]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rashin iskar gas == "Guatemala ta fitar da tan miliyan 40 (MtCO2e) na iskar gas a cikin 2011, tare da [[Amfani da Ƙasa|canjin amfani da ƙasa]] da sashin gandun daji yana ba da gudummawa kashi 40 cikin dari ga hayakin gaba ɗaya. Iskar gas ta karu da kashi 38 cikin dari daga 1990 - 2011 tare da gudummawar gudummawa mai mahimmanci daga canjin amfani na ƙasa da gandun daji, makamashi da bangarorin noma. "<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factsheet: Guatemala {{!}} Global Climate Change |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/ghg-emissions-factsheet-guatemala |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Climate Links |publisher=[[USAID]] |archive-date=2020-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720052643/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/ghg-emissions-factsheet-guatemala |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tasirin yanayi == === Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi ===   Wani rahoto daga tsarin kimiyyar canjin yanayi na Guatemala a cikin 2019 ya nuna cewa lokacin ruwan sama yana farawa daga baya sakamakon canjin yanayi, yana sanya manoma da 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin al'ummomin matalauta cikin haɗarin karancin abinci sakamakon amfanin gona mara kyau. === Tsarin halittu === Populations of Guatemala's edible giant winged leaf-cutter ant are declining.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-18 |title=Meet the giant Guatemalan winged-leaf-cutter ant: Zompopo |url=https://antiguadailyphoto.com/2014/05/18/meet-the-giant-guatemalan-winged-leaf-cutter-ant-zompopo/ |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=AntiguaDailyPhoto.Com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Zompopos de Mayo Season in Guatemala 2019 |url=https://rove.me/to/guatemala/zompopos-de-mayo |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Rove.me |language=en}}</ref> "Guatemala's ''zompopos'', yellow ants, of May are now the ''zompopos'' of June," according to Dr. Edwin Castellanos, of the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Castellanos |first=Edwin |date=2016-03-07 |title=Climate Change in Guatemala |url=http://www.entremundos.org/revista/environment/climate-change/climate-change-in-guatemala/?lang=en |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=EntreMundos |language=en-US}}</ref>'' == Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane == === Tasirin Tattalin Arziki === ==== Aikin noma ==== Manoma na Guatemala sun fuskanci matsanancin yanayi kamar guguwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi mara kyau tare da spikes da saukowa a cikin zafin jiki, ruwan sama mai yawa, fari, da sanyi ba zato ba tsammani.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 April 2019 |title=Erratic weather patterns in the Central American Dry Corridor leave 1.4 million people in urgent need of food assistance |url=http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1191887/icode/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529102043/http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1191887/icode/ |archive-date=2021-05-29 |access-date=2019-05-04 |website=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ]] |language=en}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gona da ya shafa [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]] ne, wanda ke fama da fungus.<ref name=":3"/> Yankunan yammacin Guatemala suna da saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi, suna tasiri ga yawan mutanen da ke cikin yankin na manoma masu cin gashin kansu. Babban amfanin gona, dankali da masara, sun kasance a kan karuwar matsin lamba yayin da sanyi mai tsanani a yankin ya zama mafi yawa tun 2013. Tsuntsaye masu tsananin sanyi na iya kashe amfanin gona na tsawon lokaci guda. A ƙananan tsaunuka, sabbin kwari suna zama masu yawa kuma an rage ruwan sama Matsalar [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]] da yunwa sun karu, musamman a cikin "corredor seco" (wani yanki wanda ya kai daga sassan Izabal da Baja Verapaz a arewa zuwa Santa Rosa da Jutiapa a kudu). <ref name=":5"/> Sauran amfanin gona da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da kofi <ref>{{Cite web |title=‘We’re just trying to adapt’: Coffee farmers face down climate change |url=https://www.conservation.org/blog/we-re-just-trying-to-adapt-coffee-farmers-face-down-climate-change |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.conservation.org |language=en |archive-date=2025-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731180729/https://www.conservation.org/blog/we-re-just-trying-to-adapt-coffee-farmers-face-down-climate-change |url-status=dead }}</ref> da cardamom<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saunders |first=Caroline |date=2025-04-21 |title=What Does Climate Change Mean for Cardamom? |url=https://bluedotliving.com/what-does-climate-change-mean-for-cardamom/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Bluedot Living |language=en-US}}</ref>. === Tasirin da ke tattare da ƙaura === A cikin 2018, kashi 50% na 94,000 Guatemalans da aka fitar daga Amurka da Mexico sun fito ne daga tsaunuka na yammacin kasar da sauyin yanayi ya shafa sosai. A cikin 2019, Palm Beach County, Florida ta ga karuwar baƙi na Guatemala daga "Dry corridor", suna neman tserewa daga yunwa da aka haifar da lokacin fari ya biyo bayan ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya shafi amfanin gonar su.<ref name=":4"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nj86gljz0uofrpt8yggvm77epqsfvzl 0 110461 839533 700579 2026-05-23T23:55:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839533 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Collins Beach rairayin bakin teku ne a gefen Kogin Columbia na Tsibirin Sauvie a [[Oregon]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], wanda ke arewacin Portland. Wani bangare na shi yanki ne na tufafi. Yankin rairayin bakin teku yana da tsawon kilomita 1.6 kuma yana farawa kusan kilomita 0.25 (400 bayan Hanyar Reeder ta zama dutse. Sa'o'i shine karfe 4:00 na safe zuwa karfe 10:00 na yamma kowace rana.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yankin rairayin bakin teku ya shahara don amfani da tsirara tun aƙalla shekarun 1970s. An kewaye shi da kifi mai girman kadada 1,000 (49 ) da kuma ajiyar wasanni, ban da yanki mai girman kadara 10 (4.0 na ƙasar mallakar masu zaman kansu a yammacin Reeder Road a iyakar arewacin Collins Beach. Masu amfani da rairayin bakin teku marasa sutura suna ci gaba a kan rairayin kan rairayar bakin teku na Arewa wanda ba a tsara shi sosai ba kuma ba a nuna shi ba daga gani, wanda ya haifar da korafin shari'a daga masu mallakar.<ref name="ojd">{{Cite web |last=Haselton |last2=Wollheim |last3=Brewer |name-list-style=amp |date=January 28, 2004 |title=Oregon Court of Appeals, Glen D. Mark and Teri L. Powers (respondents) v. State of Oregon, Department of Fish and Wildlife; Division of State Lands (appellants), and Naturist Action Committee (intervenor), 96-2019; A114713 |url=http://www.publications.ojd.state.or.us/docs/A114713.htm |access-date=2009-03-04 |publisher=Oregon Department of Justice |archive-date=2014-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916150257/http://www.publications.ojd.state.or.us/docs/A114713.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Collins Beach yana ɗaya daga cikin rairayin bakin teku biyu na tufafi a Oregon bayan tsibirin Glass Bar a Eugene, Oregon ya rufe. Sauran shine Rooster Rock State Park . Ma'aikatar Kifi da namun daji ta Oregon ce ke gudanar da shi tare da hadin gwiwar Ofishin Sheriff na Columbia County . <ref name="dfw">{{Cite web |title=Sauvie Island Wildlife Area Beach Use |url=http://www.dfw.state.or.us/resources/visitors/sauvie_island/beach_use_brochure.pdf |access-date=2009-03-04 |publisher=Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ojd"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fycs36ih4qxl68k2skwjo4lurf3xcon 0 110554 839567 822718 2026-05-24T04:46:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Darlene Nichols</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;" |Ka-Mook |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |Darlene Pearl Nichols[1][2]1955 (shekaru 69-70) Scotts Bluff, Nebraska, Amurka[3]<br />&nbsp;<br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Nebraska]]" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Scotts Bluff, Nebraska">Scotts Bluff, Nebraska, Amurka <ref name="JFAMR"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080518032313/http://www.jfamr.org/doc/kmtest1.html "Testimony of Darlene Nichols in the Trial of Arlo Looking Cloud February 3, 2004"]. </cite></ref></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙasar | class="infobox-data category" |[[Native Americans in the United States|Indiyawan Amurka]] [[Oglala Sioux]] <ref name="Civil Disobedience: An Encyclopedic History of Dissidence in the United States"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSnodgrass2012">Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (4 May 2012). </cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ayyuka | class="infobox-data role" |[[Civil rights activist|Mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama]] FBI Mai ba da labari Mai ba da magani <ref name="Catholic Social Services"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://catholicsocialservicesrapidcity.com/services/counseling/meet-our-counselors/ "Meet our Counselors"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308115615/http://catholicsocialservicesrapidcity.com/services/counseling/meet-our-counselors/ |date=2016-03-08 }}. </cite></ref><br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shekaru masu aiki&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1972[3]–1978 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙungiya (s) | class="infobox-data org" |[[American Indian Movement|Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] (a baya) [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] (a baya<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An san shi da&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Mafi Tsawon Hanyar Hanyar Hagu<br />[[Wounded Knee incident|Lamarin da ya faru a gwiwa]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matar aure | class="infobox-data" |[[Dennis Banks]] (1972-1989) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yara | class="infobox-data" |Tokala Banks Tiopa BanksTasina Banks Tacanunpa Banks <ref name="Rapid City Journal"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBanks2010">Banks, Dennis (3 December 2010). </cite></ref><ref name="Ojibwa Warrior: Dennis Banks and the Rise of the American Indian Movement"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBanks2012">Banks, Dennis (4 May 2012). </cite></ref><br /><br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Nichols-Lafferty (yar'uwa) Barbara Robideau (yar'uwar) <ref name="Ani-Kutani"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.ani-kutani.com/nativeamericanfacts/leonardpeltier.htm "Leonard Peltier"]. </cite></ref><ref name="Am I Annoying?"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.amiannoying.com/%28S%28yv3m31rqme5kocrfihmdupo1%29%29/view.aspx?id=20945&collection=13115 "Native American Icon"]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. </cite></ref><ref name="Rapid City Journal" /><br /> |} '''Darlene Nichols''', wanda aka fi sani da sunayen '''Kamook''', '''Ka-Mook''', ''''''Ka-Mook Nichols'''''' da Ka-Moak Nichols. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka wajen shirya The Longest Walk, da kuma zama babban shaida <ref name="Indianz">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Native Sun News: Retired FBI agent takes on Peltier and AIM |url=http://www.indianz.com/News/2012/004294.asp |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Indianz}}</ref> a cikin gwajin mambobin AIM Arlo Looking Cloud, Richard Marshall, da [[John Graham (mai fafutuka na Kanada)|John Graham]] waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci a kisan [[Anna Mae Aquash]] . == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haifi Darlene "Ka-Mook" Ecoffey Darlene Pearl Nichols a cikin birnin Scotts Bluff, [[Nebraska]] . <ref name="Graham Defense">{{Cite web |title=John Graham Defense Committee |url=http://www.grahamdefense.org/200402cloud-transcript/106-115.htm |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> Ta fito daga Pine Ridge Reservation Indian . Majiyoyi sun bambanta akan ainihin shekarun Nichols lokacin da ta fara saduwa da Dennis Banks . Wasu majiyoyi sun ce ta sadu da Banks a 17, <ref name="New York Times">{{Cite web |last=Konigsberg |first=Eric |date=25 April 2014 |title=Who Killed Anna Mae? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/27/magazine/who-killed-anna-mae.html?_r=0 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=New York Times}}</ref> wasu kafofin sun bayyana 16, <ref name="Rapid City Journal" /> wasu kuma sun bayyana cewa ya sadu da ita lokacin da take da shekaru 14. <ref name="Looking Back Woman" /> Dennis Banks, wanda ya kafa [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Indiyawa]] da kuma daya daga cikin shugabanninta, 34 a lokacin, ya fara yin jima'i tare da Nichols lokacin da ta kasance 15-shekara <ref name="Looking Back Woman">{{Cite web |last=Burrows |first=John |date=14 April 1983 |title=Who Killed Anna Mae? |url=http://www.lookingbackwoman.ca/aim.htm |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Los Angeles Times |archive-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318014141/http://www.lookingbackwoman.ca/aim.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> lokacin da ta kasance ɗansu na farko. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Nichols a baya ta zauna tare da shugaban [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]] Dennis Banks na tsawon shekaru 17 kuma ita ce mahaifiyar hudu daga cikin 'ya'ya goma sha uku na Banks.<ref name="Sioux City Journal">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2004 |title=AIM leader's former wife testifies in trial |url=http://siouxcityjournal.com/news/state-and-regional/aim-leader-s-former-wife-testifies-in-trial/article_6c55fa4f-89f4-5609-b0d3-e0d59a660ca0.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Sioux City Journal}}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times" /> Za ta rabu da Banks a shekarar 1989. <ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2004 |title=Who Killed Anna Mae? |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-05-na-aim5-story.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka yanke wa Arlo Looking Cloud a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2004 don kisan gillar [[Anna Mae Aquash]], Nichols zai auri Robert Ecoffey, <ref name="Portland Independent Media">{{Cite web |last=Roubideau |first=Robert |title=JOHN TRUDELL, A PROFILE OF COWARDICE AN FBI INFORMANT COVERS HIS TRACKS IN THE MURDER OF A |url=http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/07/362371.shtml |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Portland Independent Media |archive-date=27 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927081728/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/07/362371.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin jagora mai bincike kan kisan Aquash kuma yanzu Ofishin Harkokin Indiya mai kula da Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a watan Satumbar 2004.<ref name="Denver CBS Local News">{{Cite web |date=26 September 2011 |title=Denver Man's Sentence Reduced In 1975 AIM Slaying |url=http://denver.cbslocal.com/2011/09/26/denver-mans-sentence-reduced-in-1975-aim-slaying/ |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Denver CBS Local News}}</ref><ref name="New York Times"/><ref name="Portland Independent Media #1">{{Cite web |last=Claypoole |first=Antoinette Nora |date=16 May 2007 |title=Murder, Wrapped in a Blanket |url=http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Portland Independent Media |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308131028/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |url-status=dead }}</ref> Al'amarin Aquash tare da Banks ya fara ne yayin da yake cikin auren doka tare da Nichols. Dangantakar Aquash da Banks an kalli ta da raini da damuwa daga mata na kabilun kabilanci daban-daban a cikin motsi, saboda sun yi imanin cewa dangantakar ta wakilci barazana ga kwanciyar hankali na AIM a lokacin da AIM ta zama "wani rikici na paranoia".<ref name="Front Page Mag">{{Cite web |last=Billingsley |first=Lloyd |date=1 May 2014 |title=American Indian Murder, Inc. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/27/magazine/who-killed-anna-mae.html?_r=0 |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Front Page Mag}}</ref> A shekara ta 1973, lokacin da Nichols ya sadu da Aquash, sun zama abokai.<ref name="Sioux City Journal"/><ref name="The Lawrence World-Journal">{{Cite web |last=Melmer |first=David |date=13 February 2004 |title=Witness at AIM trial says Peltier bragged of killings |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2004/feb/05/witness_at_aim/ |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=The Lawrence World-Journal}}</ref> A cikin 1975, an haifi 'yar Nichol ta biyu, Ta Tiyopa Maza Win (ko Matar Ƙofar Iron), yayin da aka kai Nichols kurkuku a Wichita, [[Kansas]] a kan tuhumar bindigogi. == Yunkurin fafutuka == Nichols ya taba shiga wani gangamin Gordon, [[Nebraska]] da ke da alaka da dalilan 'yan asalin Amurka . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamomin aikin Nichols a matsayin [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a]] kuma mai shirya shi shine "The Longest Walk." A mayar da martani ga 11 takardar kudi da aka gabatar a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka an yi niyya don wargaza ikon mallakar kabilanci na Indiyawa na Indiya, ƙasashen kabilanci <ref name="U.S. National Library of Medicine">{{Cite web |title=1978: 'Longest Walk' draws attention to American Indian concerns |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/546.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref> da haƙƙin ruwa <ref name="U.S. National Library of Medicine" /> a cikin 1978. <ref name="Humboldt State University">{{Cite web |title=The Longest Walk |url=http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist383/LongestWalk.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Humboldt State University }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An yi tunanin Tafiya mafi tsayi tare da Trail of Broken Treaties na 1972, irin wannan nau'i na zanga-zangar wanda ya ƙunshi mota da mota a cikin Washington DC. Ofishin Harkokin Indiya don nuna adawa da gwamnati a lokacin tashin hankali na Zaman Karewa . <ref name="Jo Freeman">{{Cite web |last=Freeman |first=Jo |title=Indians End Longest Walk in Washington DC on July 15, 1978 |url=http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/Longest_Walk.htm |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Humboldt State University}}</ref> Tafiya mafi tsayi kuma alama ce ta ƙarshe na babban taron Red Power Movement . <ref name="U.S. National Library of Medicine" /> Nichols ne suka shirya sannan kuma mijin, Dennis Banks, tsohon ya shirya fiye da 30,000 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka daga 80 kabilu daban-daban a cikin birnin Davis, [[California]] kuma sun yi tafiya mai nisan kilomita 5,800 (mil 3,600) daga Alcatraz zuwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] a cikin tsawon watanni 5. Tafiya mafi tsayi ya ƙare a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1978 lokacin da mutane kusan 2,000 suka shiga [[Washington, D.C.|babban birnin ƙasar]] [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], suka yi tafiya zuwa wurin shakatawa na Meridian Hill kuma suka tsaya a Babban Monument na Washington . <ref name="Global Nonviolent Action Database">{{Cite web |title=Native Americans walk from San Francisco to Washington, D.C. for U.S. civil rights, 1978 |url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/native-americans-walk-san-francisco-washington-dc-us-civil-rights-1978 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Global Nonviolent Action Database}}</ref> Tafiya mafi tsayi ya kasance babban nasara, yayin da zanga-zangar ta haifar da hankalin duniya da kuma nuna fushi ga ubanci na tarayya da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ke fuskanta, kuma ya haifar da cin nasara. <ref name="Freedom Socialist Party">{{Cite web |title=Commemorating "The Longest Walk" |url=http://www.socialism.com/drupal-6.8/articles/commemorating-longest-walk |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Freedom Socialist Party |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308111525/http://www.socialism.com/drupal-6.8/articles/commemorating-longest-walk |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mai ba da labari na FBI == Nichols da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin mai goyon bayan [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]]. Ko da yayin da aka haifi ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata a kurkukun tarayya, Nichols ta ki yin hadin kai da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]].<ref name="Indian Country News #5">{{Cite web |last=DeMain |first=Paul |date=13 June 2007 |title=Jury convicts man in 1975 murder of Aquash |url=http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/annie-mae-pictou-aquash/521-jury-convicts-man-in-1975-murder-of-aquash |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Indian Country News |archive-date=8 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108135658/http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/annie-mae-pictou-aquash/521-jury-convicts-man-in-1975-murder-of-aquash |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan kisan gwagwarmayar da abokiyar Anna Mae Aquash, ta fara sake la'akari da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyar. Bayan karanta rahotanni na jarida game da kisan [[Anna Mae Aquash|Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash]], Nichols ya fara zargin cewa [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] tana da hannu a kisan AnnaMae.<ref name="JFAMR #3">{{Cite web |last=DeMain |first=Paul |date=23 February 2004 |title=Jury convicts man in 1975 murder of Anna Mae Pictou Aquash of Being Party to 1st Degree Murder |url=http://jfamr.org/compile.html |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=JFAMR}}</ref> Nichols ya tuntubi FBI, ya amince da ba da hadin kai a binciken kisan kiyashi na Aquash kuma daga baya ya sa waya don yin rikodin tattaunawa tare da Arlo Looking Cloud, Dennis Banks da sauransu.<ref name="The Lawrence World-Journal"/> Wata tattaunawa ta musamman tare da tsohon mijin Dennis Banks ta kasance mai haske sosai. Dennis Banks ya kasance batun bincike game da mutuwar mai zanga-zangar kare hakkin bil'adama na Afirka Ray Robinson, wanda ya ɓace lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa Wounded Knee don shiga cikin lamarin Wounded knee da kuma ɗan'uwan [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]] mai fafutuka [[Anna Mae Aquash]]">Anna Mae-Pictou Aquash. Kodayake Banks za su yi iƙirarin ba su da wani ilmi game da Robinson har sai bayan kammalawar Siege na Wounded Knee, <ref name="NewsOne">{{Cite web |date=27 April 2012 |title=Black Man Goes To Fight For American Indians 40 Yrs Ago, Then Disappears |url=http://newsone.com/2004687/civil-rights-activist-ray-robinson-disappears/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826142043/http://newsone.com/2004687/civil-rights-activist-ray-robinson-disappears/ |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=NewsOne}}</ref> rikodin tattaunawar Banks sun bayyana sun ba da shawarar akasin haka. A shekara ta 2001, Nichols ya yi hira da Banks yayin da yake ƙoƙarin ƙarin koyo game da kisan gillar 1975 na mai fafutukar AIM Anna Mae Aquash . Kodayake Banks ya ki tattauna Aquash, ya ba da umarnin tattaunawar ga Robinson, yana mai cewa wani jami'in AIM ya harbe shi kuma ya zubar da jini har ya mutu saboda ƙungiyar tana ƙarƙashin kewaye kuma ba ta da hanyar bi da shi yadda ya kamata. Banks ya ce ya ga jikin Robinson kuma ya umarci wani matashi, Chris Westerman, ya "shawo shi inda babu wanda zai sani". Ya ce Westerman "ya tafi kusan sa'o'i biyar" kuma an binne Robinson "a kan rafin". <ref name="NYTimes" /> (Westerman ɗan'uwan mai fafutuka ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙi Floyd Red Crow Westerman.) <ref name="Indian Country News #3">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2007 |title=Bernie Lafferty speaks about Ray Robinson's killing inside Wounded Knee 1973 |url=http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/ray-robinson/889-bernie-lafferty-speaks-about-ray-robinsons-killing-inside-wounded-knee-1973 |access-date=22 August 2014 |website=Indian Country News |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114050/http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/ray-robinson/889-bernie-lafferty-speaks-about-ray-robinsons-killing-inside-wounded-knee-1973 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyauta == An yaba wa Nichols-Ecoffey kuma an hukunta shi saboda hadin kai tare da gwamnatin tarayya da kuma ba da shaida a kan John Graham, Richard Marshall, da Arlo Looking Cloud. Shaidarta ta nuna Leonard Peltier a cikin kisan gillar jami'an [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]] guda biyu. Har ila yau, wasu Indiyawan Amurka sun hukunta ta saboda hadin kai da FBI.<ref name="Indigenous Women #22">{{Cite web |last=Pictou |first=Denise-Maloney |title=The Truth About Leonard |url=http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/denise.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040402091115/http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/denise.html |archive-date=April 2, 2004 |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Indigenous Women for Justice}}</ref> Barry Bachrach, daya daga cikin lauyoyin kare Leonard Peltier, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Nichols ta karɓi kuɗi daga FBI don musayar shaidarta. A cewar Bachrach, "Wannan shari'ar ba komai bane face lalata. <ref name="Free Republic2">{{Cite web |last=Gease |first=Heidi Bell |date=5 February 2004 |title=Wife of AIM leader says Leonard Peltier admitted killing FBI agents |url=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1072440/posts |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Free Republic}}</ref> Sun horar da Kamook kuma ta yarda cewa FBI ta biya ta $ 40,000. Shaidarta bai kamata ta ga hasken rana ba. " <ref name="BBC2">{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Chris |date=24 April 2004 |title=Native American prisoner to fight on |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3654785.stm |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> [[Robert Robideau]], wanda ake tuhuma kuma dan uwan farko <ref name="In the Times2">{{Cite web |last=Frosch |first=Dan |date=18 March 2004 |title=The Truth About Leonard |url=http://inthesetimes.com/article/715/the_truth_about_leonard |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=JFAMR}}</ref> ga Leonard Peltier, ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa Nichols ya karɓi $ 47,000.00 don ya ce Peltier ya yi alfahari game da kashe jami'ai biyu.<ref name="Portland Independent Media #12">{{Cite web |last=Claypoole |first=Antoinette Nora |date=16 May 2007 |title=Murder, Wrapped in a Blanket |url=http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Portland Independent Media |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308131028/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai wasu da suka yi imanin Nichols-Ecoffey yana da dalilin kudi don yin ƙarya game da ayyukan da mambobin AIM suka yi.<ref name="AIM-West2">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2010 |title=FBI loses trial against former AIM member Richard Marshall |url=http://www.aim-west.org/#!FBI-loses-trial-against-former-AIM-member-Richard-Marshall/cay8/8C3FC35F-1375-450E-BBD0-9597CC0CA91B |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=AIM-West}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] c010vwwq9w9vifqtuxjdm2krs5w9s4v 0 110847 839595 790447 2026-05-24T07:33:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 13 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Derrick Lee Foward''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1968) ɗan gwagwarmayar zamantakewar al'umma ne kuma jagora a cikin ƙungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Amurka . Foward dan gwagwarmaya ne wanda ya lashe lambar yabo ta [[NAACP]] kuma dan asalin [[Dayton, Ohio]]. Shi ne shugaban 34 na reshen Dayton na National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), kuma ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanta da ya jagoranci kungiyar ta gida. An fara zabar Foward a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2006, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 24 Oct 2006, page 6 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411060132/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> kuma a halin yanzu yana cikin wa'adin shekaru biyu na goma wanda ya ƙare a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dayton Chapter NAACP Re-Elects Dr. Derrick L. Foward President |url=https://www.daytonweeklyonline.com/_files/ugd/e8cd3e_0ff4769357eb4400ace98e7b5434e368.pdf/ |website=www.daytonweeklyonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP reelects president to ninth term |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/dayton-naacp-reelects-president-to-ninth-term/XAWNY4M3JNC6FDETLCEGZYKVOY/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=dayton-daily-news |language=English |archive-date=2023-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816203803/https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/dayton-naacp-reelects-president-to-ninth-term/XAWNY4M3JNC6FDETLCEGZYKVOY/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa (2019 - Yanzu); mataimakin Shugaban kasa na biyu (2017 - 2019); mataimakin shugaba na uku (2009 - 2017); da kuma memba na kwamitin zartarwa (2003 - 2009) na taron Ohio NAACP . Foward kuma yana aiki a Kwamitin membobin Rayuwa na Kasa na NAACP kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwamitin Takaddun shaida na Kasa naNAACP na shekaru da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Derrick L. Foward – Ohio Conference NAACP |url=https://ohnaacp.com/profile/dr-derrick-l-forward |access-date=2023-08-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 13, 2021 |title=Ohio NAACP elects new leadership |url=https://www.limaohio.com/news/2021/09/13/ohio-naacp-elects-new-leadership/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 06 Nov 2003, page 18 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/410423208/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 22 Dec 2005, page 69 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411274877/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 08 Nov 2009, page 4 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411696738/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 15 Sep 2017, page B3 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/422603338/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP leaders chosen for statewide offices |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/dayton-naacp-leaders-chosen-for-statewide-offices/rmrwi3BWgr8Cx2V8ZECfRJ/ |website=dayton-daily-news |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2025-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115050712/https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/dayton-naacp-leaders-chosen-for-statewide-offices/rmrwi3BWgr8Cx2V8ZECfRJ/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Foward a [[Kettering, Ohio]], kuma, tare da ɗan'uwansa da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu, an haife su ne a cikin baƙar fata na tsakiya na Jefferson Township, Montgomery County, Ohio. Mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka kuma an sallame shi da mutunci bayan yawon shakatawa. Mahaifinsa ya zama jami'in 'yan sanda a cikin al'umma inda iyalinsa ke zaune kuma ya yi ritaya daga Cibiyar Tsaro, Columbus (DESC) bayan kusan shekaru 40 na aikin tarayya. Mahaifiyarsa ta yi ritaya daga [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] (WPAFB) tare da sama da shekaru 34 na aikin tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411806490/?match=1&terms=Alphonsa%20Foward/ |website=Dayton Daily News at Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manager finds ways to reduce WPAFB's cost |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/406056022/?match=1&terms=Gloria%20Foward/ |website=Dayton Daily News at Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP leaders finds a voice to lead |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411487315/?match=1&terms=Alphonsa%20Foward/ |website=Dayton Daily News at Newspapers.com}}</ref> Foward ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar Kirista ta Haikali ta Kristi a matsayin mai ba da jawabi na ƙarshe. Ya kasance jagora a kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Christ Temple Warriors, yana da maki 34.7 a wasa a cikin ƙaramin shekarunsa. Yana da mummunar matsalar magana tun yana yaro da kuma lokacin da yake matashi. 'Yan uwa, abokai da abokan gaba sun yi dariya kuma sun yi magana game da yadda ya yi shiru wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da fushin. Bangaskiyar da Foward ya nuna a matsayin memba na Ikilisiyar Bangaskiyar Manzanni ta Haikali da kuma matsayin jagoranci da ya yi aiki a yayin da yake Speedway da [[NAACP]], ya taimaka masa wajen shawo kan nakasa.<ref name="Voice2">{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP leaders finds a voice to lead |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411487315/ |website=Dayton Daily News at Newspapers.com}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Jihar Tsakiya a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1990, kuma an shigar da shi cikin Hall of Fame na Alumni na Jami'ar Tsakiya na Jihar a ranar 1 ga Maris, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni Achievement Hall of Fame |url=https://www.centralstate.edu/alumni-achievement-hall-fame |website=www.centralstate.edu}}</ref> Foward ya sami Jagoran Gudanarwa da Halitta daga Jami'ar Apostolic ta Duniya ta Grace da Gaskiya a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 2002, kuma an ba shi Dokta na Harafin Dan Adam a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2018 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2019 |title=Dayton Unit NAACP Derrick Foward Doctorate of Humane Letters |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgwqudexkYc |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref name="Voice">{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP leaders finds a voice to lead |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411487315/ |website=Dayton Daily News at Newspapers.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Foward ta auri Jean Ann Foward sama da shekaru 20 har zuwa mutuwarta daga ciwon daji a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 2019. Sun kasance tare sama da shekaru 30 kuma suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu,' ya'ya mata biyu, jikoki uku da godya uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2019 |title=CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks |url=https://congress.gov/116/crec/2019/04/18/CREC-2019-04-18-pt1-PgE475-4.pdf |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=[[congress.gov]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP's first lady dies after cancer battle |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/dayton-naacp-first-lady-dies-after-cancer-battle/EtTn4UEBMcw2uen3WRR1wN/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=dayton-daily-news |language=English |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811172529/https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/dayton-naacp-first-lady-dies-after-cancer-battle/EtTn4UEBMcw2uen3WRR1wN/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-13 |title=Dayton NAACP's first lady dies after cancer battle |url=https://www.whio.com/news/local/dayton-naacp-first-lady-dies-after-cancer-battle/EtTn4UEBMcw2uen3WRR1wN/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=WHIO TV 7 and WHIO Radio |language=en}}</ref> Foward ya auri Tiwona L. Branham a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 2023, watanni hudu bayan ya miƙa mata aure a Pasadena, California bayan ya sami lambar yabo ta NAACP Image Award for Activist of the Year . Foward ya yaba mata da sabunta sha'awarsa don ci gaba da babi na biyu na rayuwarsa. Ta kawo wa wannan haɗin, ɗa ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tiwona & Derrick |url=https://www.theknot.com/us/tiwona-branham-and-derrick-foward-jun-2023 |access-date=2023-08-14}}</ref> == Shari'a == [[Fayil:Foward_HB_56.jpg|thumb|Foward ya ba da shaida a kan dokar Ohio HB56 Anti-Hooning]] A cikin shekara ta 2010, Foward ya shirya taron manema labarai tare da shugabannin daga Gundumar Makarantun Jama'a ta Dayton don magance ƙarshen shari'ar Desegregation mai shekaru 38 da NAACP ta gabatar a cikin shekara ta 1972. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 25 Mar 2010, page 6 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/430479311/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> A cikin 2013, Foward ya zargi shawarar [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] da ta soke muhimman sassa na [[Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964]] kuma ya bukaci Majalisa Mike Turner ya jefa kuri'a don dawo da waɗannan mahimman abubuwa kamar yadda ya yi a 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 27 Jun 2013, page 16 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/430453766/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Foward ya bukaci Majalisa Mike Turner da ya goyi bayan Dokar Kwaskwarimar 'Yancin Zabe. Dayton Unit NAACP tana riƙe da forums na 'yan takara don Zabe na Musamman, na Firamare da na Janar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-30 |title=Dayton NAACP President Derrick L. Foward, Congressman Turner Continue Push for Protection of Voting Rights |url=https://turner.house.gov/2014/6/dayton-naacp-president-derrick-l-foward-congressman-turner-continue-push |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=Congressman Michael Turner |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2014-07-02 |title=Turner, NAACP Call For New Voting Rights Law |url=https://www.wyso.org/news/2014-07-02/turner-naacp-call-for-new-voting-rights-law |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=WYSO |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 04 Apr 2021, page B4 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/726048505/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:Congressman_Mike_Turner_and_President_Derrick_L._Foward_-2.jpg|thumb|Foward ya bukaci Majalisa Turner da ya goyi bayan Dokar Kulawa mai araha da Dokar Kwaskwarimar 'Yancin Zabe ta 2015]] A cikin 2017, Foward ta yi kira ga 'yar majalisa [[Joyce Beatty]] a kan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a majalisa na NAACP, tare da Hilary O. Shelton, NAACP Sr. VP na bayar da shawarwari da manufofi da kuma darektan Ofishin Washington da Tom Roberts, tsohon Sanata na Jihar Ohio kuma shugaban yanzu na Taron NAACP. A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, Foward ya ba da sanarwar cewa Dayton Unit NAACP ta shirya kaddamar da takardar neman izini don haramta amfani da Red Light Cameras idan 'yan sanda ba su nan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 15 Nov 2017, page A11 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/419667321/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:President_Foward,_Tom_Roberts,_Hilary_Shelton_Lobbying_Congresswoman_Joyce_Beatty_-2_(2).jpg|thumb|Foward ya bukaci 'yar majalisa Beatty da ta goyi bayan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a majalisa na NAACP]] A cikin 2021, Foward ya ba da shaida a gaban Hukumar Redistricting ta Ohio a Kwalejin Jama'a ta Sinclair . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2023 |title=Ohio Redistricting Commission |url=https://www.redistricting.ohio.gov/assets/organizations/redistricting-commission/events/commission-meeting-dayton-8/dayton-hearing-transcript.pdf |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=www.redistricting.ohio.gov |archive-date=15 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815043936/https://www.redistricting.ohio.gov/assets/organizations/redistricting-commission/events/commission-meeting-dayton-8/dayton-hearing-transcript.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022, Foward ya shirya taron manema labarai don magance daidaito na lokaci saboda ci gaba da bambancin kiwon lafiya da ke da alaƙa da rashin isasshen kayan tsabtace mata a cikin kurkuku na Ohio. Ya samar da dandamali ga Kayelin Tiggs, Shugaban Dayton Unit NAACP Mata a cikin Kwamitin NAACP (WIN), tare da tsohon fursuna na Dayton Correctional Institution, don magance damuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Require correctional facilities supply feminine hygiene products |url=https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/135/hb30// |website=The Ohio Legislature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Proposed Ohio bill would require prisons to provide menstrual products |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/proposed-ohio-bill-would-require-prisons-to-provide-menstrual-products/IDLDMIDSSJEX7ODZGKYWU4Z7RU/ |website=Dayton Daily News |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2025-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017095313/https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/proposed-ohio-bill-would-require-prisons-to-provide-menstrual-products/IDLDMIDSSJEX7ODZGKYWU4Z7RU/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Require provision of feminine hygiene products - certain inmates |url=https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/134/hb743/ |website=The Ohio Legislature}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Maris, 2023, Foward ya ba da shaida a gaban Kwamitin Shari'a na Shari'a a kan Dokar Majalisar 56, wanda aka fi sani da Dokar Anti-Hooning . Hooning ya fara zama ainihin damuwa game da tsaro a farkon 2020. A matsayinsa na shugabanci a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Northern Hills Neighborhood Association kuma a madadin 'yan ƙasa, Foward ya gabatar da korafi tare da City of Dayton, City of Trotwood da Ofishin Sheriff na Montogomery County wanda ya haifar da taron manema labarai da ya shirya tare da jagorancin waɗancan cibiyoyin a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Foward ya ba da hotuna da bidiyo na wannan aikin ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma mara lafiya ga hukumomin tilasta bin doka don shaidu da dalilai na tilasta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2020 |title=Reckless drivers terrorize Dayton neighborhood, law enforcement agencies address concerns |url=https://dayton247now.com/newsletter/reckless-drivers-terrorize-west-dayton-neighborhood-law-enforcement-agencies-address-conc/ |website=Dayton 24/7 Now}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ohio House moves to crack down on 'hooning' |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/ohio-house-moves-to-crack-down-on-hooning/2Q3I5G3XWFBEHN66D75QQPE6ME/ |website=Dayton Daily News }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anti-hooning bill: Dayton, Trotwood officials push for passage of proposed law |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/anti-hooning-bill-dayton-trotwood-officials-push-for-passage-of-proposed-law/ULQXPIF7AVCK7J2ERBDYUO6V24/ |website=Dayton Daily News |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2025-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918090429/https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/anti-hooning-bill-dayton-trotwood-officials-push-for-passage-of-proposed-law/ULQXPIF7AVCK7J2ERBDYUO6V24/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NHNA Letter to City Commission |url=https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/8ade2f99-9e4d-4af9-b0c0-cf7e2fe6ffe0/downloads/NHNA%20Letter%20to%20City%20Commission.pdf?ver=1712581136159/ |website=Dayton Unit NAACP}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2025, Foward ya shiga taron manema labarai na Ohio Legislative Black Caucus (OLBC) yana roƙon Gwamna Mike DeWine zuwa VETO Senate Bill (SB) 1.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GOP bill to ban DEI, faculty strikes in public higher ed headed to governor |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/gop-bill-to-ban-dei-faculty-strikes-in-public-higher-ed-headed-to-governor/UA546LJK5ZFZTMMKZ45C6LJKCY/ |website=Dayton Daily News |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2025-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717105120/https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/gop-bill-to-ban-dei-faculty-strikes-in-public-higher-ed-headed-to-governor/UA546LJK5ZFZTMMKZ45C6LJKCY/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == Foward ya sami kyaututtuka da girmamawa masu zuwa saboda gwagwarmayarsa: * Parity, Inc. Kyautar Namijin Nazari Na Afirka Goma (2009) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 27 Feb 2009, page 2 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411619601/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> * Eta Phi Beta sorority. Babin Lambda Heart of Gold Honoree (2009) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 19 Feb 2009, page 21 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/411607678/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> * Speedway Rayuwa da Ƙimar Mu "Kwararrun Sa-kai na Shekara" (2012) * A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Foward, Ƙungiyar Dayton NAACP ta sami lambar yabo ta Thalheimer tsawon shekaru 10 a jere (2012 - 2019; 2022 - 2024), sai dai shekaru biyu na COVID-19 (2020 & 2021) lokacin da NAACP ba ta karɓi nadi ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Unit NAACP wins national awards |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/what-to-know/dayton-unit-naacp-wins-national-awards/KOYRTXAWPFDYZDTZENV4PLZ73M/ |website=dayton-daily-news |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2025-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210132826/https://www.daytondailynews.com/what-to-know/dayton-unit-naacp-wins-national-awards/KOYRTXAWPFDYZDTZENV4PLZ73M/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Unit NAACP receives 7th straight national award |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/dayton-unit-naacp-receives-7th-straight-national-award/1fk3IbmYaOfrHqhHERw7aL/ |website=dayton-daily-news |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2023-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816203332/https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/dayton-unit-naacp-receives-7th-straight-national-award/1fk3IbmYaOfrHqhHERw7aL/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:DLF_Receives_Key_to_the_City_5.3.23.jpg|thumb|Magajin garin Dayton Jeffery J. Mims Jr. Ya gabatar da Foward tare da Maɓallin Birnin a ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2023]] [[Fayil:Toastmasters_International_District_40_Communication_and_Leadership_Award_Recipient_-_DLF.jpg|thumb|Luvenia Boyer, Darakta na Gundumar DTM na Gunduma 40, ya gabatar da Kyautar Sadarwa da Jagora ga Foward]] * Rupert Richardson Memorial Leadership Award (2012) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ohio House honors NAACP leader |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/ohio-house-honors-naacp-leader/k3VeGzoxanbMB33rMm4EXM/ |website=dayton-daily-news |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2023-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816203332/https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/local/ohio-house-honors-naacp-leader/k3VeGzoxanbMB33rMm4EXM/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2016 |title=Dayton Unit NAACP President Derrick L Foward Honored By Representatives Strahorn and Winburn |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zY44ZVlbeOM |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP takes highest award at convention |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/dayton-naacp-takes-highest-award-convention/ki8woXv1PdbH8DN30jYqhO/ |website=dayton-daily-news |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2023-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816204220/https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/dayton-naacp-takes-highest-award-convention/ki8woXv1PdbH8DN30jYqhO/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Samun lambar yabo ta Al'umma ta Adalci (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2016 |title=Dayton Unit NAACP President Receives Access to Justice Community Advocacy Award |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybQMyDkI2gw |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> * Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Delta Alpha babi, lambar yabo ta Jama'a na shekara (2015-2016) * A cikin 2016, Foward ya sami lambar yabo ta Cardinal Joseph Louis Bernardin Community Service Award don girmamawa saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga al'umma da kuma hidimarsa ta aminci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Catholic Church Gives Service Awards |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/430362304/?match=1&terms=Cardinal%20Joseph%20Louis%20Bernardin%20Community%20Service%20Award/ |website=Dayton Daily News at Newspapers.com}}</ref> * A cikin 2016, Foward ya taimaka wajen kafa Babin Sakandare na NAACP na farko a cikin Jihar Ohio, Move Foward Thurgood Marshall NAACP High School Chapter, wanda yake a Thurgood Marshall High School . Ya biya mambobi 25 na farko na babin. Sunan kungiyar ne bayan Foward da [[Alkali|Alkalin]] [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] Thurgood Marshall . <ref>{{Cite web |title=State's 1st high school NAACP chapter forming locally |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/state-1st-high-school-naacp-chapter-forming-locally/fBOhuytn8I8FffGm0KPIFL/ |website=dayton-daily-news |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2024-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407174900/https://www.daytondailynews.com/news/state-1st-high-school-naacp-chapter-forming-locally/fBOhuytn8I8FffGm0KPIFL/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar Sabis na Sabis na Jama'a na Inugural [[Gospel Superfest]] (2018) don kyakkyawan hidima ga al'umma <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton Daily News 17 Jan 2018, page B3 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/419667141/ |website=Newspapers.com}}</ref> * Kyautar Hoton NAACP don Gwajin Na Shekara (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 NAACP Image Awards: Complete Winners List |url=https://www.etonline.com/2023-naacp-image-awards-complete-winners-list-199665 |website=Entertainment Tonight |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226035251/https://www.etonline.com/2023-naacp-image-awards-complete-winners-list-199665 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * A ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2023, Jeffrey J. Mims Jr., Magajin Garin Dayton ya gabatar da Foward da Maɓalli ga birnin, saboda sadaukarwar sa da ƙoƙarinsa na yaƙar wariyar launin fata da tabbatar da daidaito da daidaito a duk faɗin Dayton. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bice |first=Lydia |date=May 3, 2023 |title=Dr. Derrick L. Foward receives key to City of Dayton for his civil and human rights work |url=https://dayton247now.com/news/local/dr-derrick-l-foward-receives-key-to-city-of-dayton-for-his-civil-and-human-rights-work |website=WKEF}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dayton NAACP leader gets key to the city |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/dayton-naacp-leader-gets-key-to-the-city/XX3WK3ZTVNGE3OS7I4BBNDBBQU/ |website=dayton-daily-news |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2023-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816204211/https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/dayton-naacp-leader-gets-key-to-the-city/XX3WK3ZTVNGE3OS7I4BBNDBBQU/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Dayton City Commission Meeting (5-3-23) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3I1xYptYN0 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> * A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2024, Toastmasters International District 40 sun ba Foward lambar yabo ta Sadarwa da Jagoranci yayin taronsu na shekara-shekara a Fairborn, Ohio. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Toastmasters to honor NAACP's Foward |url=https://www.newspapers.com/search/?city=dayton&date=2024-04&keyword=Toastmasters+Derrick+Foward&region=us-oh/ |website=newspapers.com}}</ref> * A ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2024, Muryoyin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin sun girmama kuma sun gane Foward a matsayin Dayton Skyscraper tare da Alkali Mia Wortham-Spells, Marigayi Carolyn Y. Perkins, Dr. Anthony B. Whitmore da Rev. Dr. Xavier L. Johnson. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian Katt Williams among prominent African Americans saluted in 'Dayton Skyscrapers' exhibit |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/what-to-know/comedian-katt-williams-among-prominent-african-americans-saluted-in-dayton-skyscrapers-exhibit/J5XO27KK6FGWDEHQYP7C4ZKBVQ/ |website=daytondailynews.com |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2026-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118010605/https://www.daytondailynews.com/what-to-know/comedian-katt-williams-among-prominent-african-americans-saluted-in-dayton-skyscrapers-exhibit/J5XO27KK6FGWDEHQYP7C4ZKBVQ/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2024 |title=Inspiring the next generation: Dayton Skyscrapers |url=https://dayton247now.com/news/local/inspiring-the-next-generation-dayton-skyscrapers/ |website=dayton247now.com}}</ref> {{S-start}} {{S-ach}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k9vmnjets17hrswtsduhtuk40cf6xiv 0 111272 839325 789044 2026-05-23T12:13:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Canjin yanayi ya haifar da mummunar sakamako a Azerbaijan tun farkon karni na 21. [[yanayin Azerbaijan]] ya kasance digiri 1.3 mafi zafi a shekara ta 2010. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Azerbaijan |url=https://eu4climate.eu/azerbaijan/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=EU4Climate |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001103551/https://eu4climate.eu/azerbaijan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Tekun Caspian]] yana raguwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Samant |first=Rohit |last2=Prange |first2=Matthias |date=2023-10-07 |title=Climate-driven 21st century Caspian Sea level decline estimated from CMIP6 projections |journal=Communications Earth & Environment |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=357 |bibcode=2023ComEE...4..357S |doi=10.1038/s43247-023-01017-8 |issn=2662-4435 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Azerbaijan za ta dauki bakuncin [[Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2024]], wanda aka fi sani da COP29. == Bayyanawa == Climate Trace ya kiyasta [[Greenhouse gas emissions|fitar da iskar gas mai guba]] ta 2022 za ta kai tan miliyan 91 na CO2eq, tare da sama da 40% na fitarwa daga samar da man fetur.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Country Inventory - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/inventory |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=climatetrace.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan|Masana'antar man fetur a Azerbaijan]] tana fitar da iskar gas. Fiye da kashi 90% na fitarwa daga Azerbaijan sun dogara ne da man fetur.<ref name=":42">{{Cite journal |last=Vidadili |first=Nurtaj |last2=Suleymanov |first2=Elchin |last3=Bulut |first3=Cihan |last4=Mahmudlu |first4=Ceyhun |date=2017 |title=Transition to renewable energy and sustainable energy development in Azerbaijan |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032117308043 |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |language=en |volume=80 |pages=1153–1161 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.168 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Azerbaijan tana da ganga sama da biliyan 7 na tabbatar da man fetur a ƙarƙashin Tekun Caspian. An kiyasta amfani da makamashi a kusan 16% na GHG, yayin da aka kiyasta sufuri a kusan 10% na GHHG<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Country Inventory - Climate TRACE |url=https://climatetrace.org/inventory |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=climatetrace.org |language=en}}</ref> [[yanayin Azerbaijan]] ya karu da digiri 1.3, yayin da abubuwan da ke faruwa na matsanancin yanayi ke ƙaruwa.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inputs for OHCHR's Analytical Study on the Impacts of Climate Change on the Enjoyment of the Right to Health (Human Rights Council Resolution 29/15) Contribution by Azerbaijan |url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/Impact/Azerbaijan.pdf}}</ref> Matsayin ruwa na Tekun Caspian yana fadowa.<ref name=":2"/> dazuzzuka a cikin Caucasus suna fama da cutar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mammadov |first=Tofig |date=2021-12-15 |title=Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Forestry in Azerbaijan |url=https://natprobiotech.com/index.php/natprobiotech/article/view/19 |journal=Natural Products and Biotechnology |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=96–105 |issn=2791-674X |access-date=2025-08-06 |archive-date=2024-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908100124/https://natprobiotech.com/index.php/natprobiotech/article/view/19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Matsalolin muhalli a bakin tekun suna kara tsanantawa ta hanyar canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mammadov |first=T. S. |last2=Balapour |first2=Sh. |date=2015-01-01 |title=Climate Change Impacts on Azerbaijan Biodiversity in the Caspian Sea |journal=Procedia Environmental Sciences |series=Agriculture and Climate Change - Adapting Crops to Increased Uncertainty (AGRI 2015) |volume=29 |pages=4 |doi=10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.124 |issn=1878-0296 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin lokacin tattalin arziki na bayan Soviet, tattalin arzikin Azerbaijan ya zama mai sarrafawa da mai. Man fetur shine babban mai ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arzikin Azerbaijan; raguwar farashin mai yana shafar duk ƙasar. <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Vidadili |first=Nurtaj |last2=Suleymanov |first2=Elchin |last3=Bulut |first3=Cihan |last4=Mahmudlu |first4=Ceyhun |date=2017 |title=Transition to renewable energy and sustainable energy development in Azerbaijan |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032117308043 |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |language=en |volume=80 |pages=1153–1161 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.168 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[auduga]] na iya zama aikin gona mafi yawan abin da ya shafa a Azerbaijan, wanda ke da hankali ga canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Climate-Smart Agriculture Shows Promise in Improving Azerbaijan's Cotton Productivity |url=https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/climate-smart-agriculture-shows-promise-in-improving-azerbaijans-cotton-productivity |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.iaea.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Investments and Policy Reforms Towards Low-Carbon Transition and Resilience are in Azerbaijan's Economic Interest, says WBG Report |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/11/24/investments-and-policy-reforms-towards-low-carbon-transition-and-resilience-are-in-azerbaijan-s-economic-interest-says-w |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Ministan Aikin Gona ya ba da rahoton cewa ƙasar tana shiga [[Yanayin gona mai kyau|Aikin noma mai basira]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAO 2023 conference |url=https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/bodies/Conference_2023/Audio_Transcriptions/Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan_en.pdf}}</ref> Kifi yana shafar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-03 |title=Climate change affects amount of fish caught in Caspian Sea |url=https://www.azernews.az/business/216947.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Azernews.Az |language=en}}</ref> Abubuwan da ba a san su ba haɗari ne na dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change 'Stranded Assets' Are a Long-Term Risk for Some Sovereigns |url=https://www.fitchratings.com/research/sovereigns/climate-change-stranded-assets-are-long-term-risk-for-some-sovereigns-15-02-2021 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.fitchratings.com}}</ref> Lafiyar Azerbaijan na iya shan wahala daga matsanancin zafi da kuma tsawon lokacin zazzabin cizon sauro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=risk profile |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/707466/climate-risk-country-profile-azerbaijan.pdf}}</ref> == Ragewa da daidaitawa == Ya zuwa 2023 babu wani manufa na zero.<ref name=":1"/> Akwai matsakaicin burin rage GHG.<ref name=":1" /> [[Gudunmawar da aka ƙaddara ta ƙasa|Gudummawar Ƙasa]] ta biyu ta Ƙasa ta haɗa da raguwar kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Azerbaijan unveils new 2050 climate target in its NDC {{!}} Enerdata |url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/azerbaijan-unveils-new-2050-climate-target-its-ndc.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.enerdata.net |language=en}}</ref> Zai yiwu a samar da hydrogen mai ƙarancin carbon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-23 |title=Green Growth: Mirage or Reality for Azerbaijan's Future? |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/europeandcentralasia/green-growth-mirage-or-reality-azerbaijans-future |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=blogs.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> Ana sa ran za a buga shirin [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|daidaitawa]] na kasa a cikin 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> Ana karbar bakuncin COP29 a Baku a 2024, mai yiwuwa a watan Nuwamba; za ta kasance ƙasa ta uku mai samar da mai a jere don karbar bakasar taron.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Event: 2024 UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 29) {{!}} SDG Knowledge Hub {{!}} IISD |url=http://sdg.iisd.org/events/2024-un-climate-change-conference-unfccc-cop-29/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Za a iya tattauna [[Hanyoyin hadin gwiwa a karkashin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar Paris]]. Wasu sun soki cewa an zabi kasar don karbar bakuncin COP29 kuma sun ce an danne [[Gudanar da muhalli|Masu fafutukar kare muhalli]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=Controversy as COP29 to be held in Azerbaijan |url=https://oc-media.org/controversy-as-cop29-to-be-held-in-azerbaijan/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=OC Media |language=en-US}}</ref> An ƙuntata 'yancin kafofin watsa labarai a Azerbaijan, gami da tattaunawar canjin yanayi.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Joe |date=2023-12-09 |title=Oil-reliant Azerbaijan chosen to host Cop29 climate talks |url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2023/12/09/oil-reliant-azerbaijan-chosen-to-host-cop29-climate-talks/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=Climate Home News |language=en}}</ref> Akwai shirin Matasa Yanayi na Matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young people in Azerbaijan embark on a climate action journey {{!}} UNICEF Europe and Central Asia |url=https://www.unicef.org/eca/stories/young-people-azerbaijan-embark-climate-action-journey |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Makamashi a Azerbaijan * Muhalli na Azerbaijan == Haɗin waje == * [https://unfccc.int/reports?f%5B0%5D=corporate_author%3A103 Rahotanni ga UNFCCC] * [https://unfccc.int/documents?search2=&search3=&f%5B0%5D=country%3A1377 Sauran takardun da aka gabatar ga UNFCCC] * [https://climate-laws.org/geographies/azerbaijan Dokokin Yanayi] - Dokoki, manufofi da shari'a == Manazarta == 9iacc8c948tpk3ieuciq5xxs5uv9n1m 0 111612 839624 695291 2026-05-24T09:59:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dokokin Amfani da Bayanai a Ketare''' ko '''Dokar CLOUD''' ( H.R. 4943 ) dokar tarayya ce ta Amurka wacce aka kafa a cikin 2018 ta hanyar zartar da Dokar Haɓaka Haɓaka, 2018, PL 115-141, Division V. Dokar CLOUD da farko tana gyara Dokar Sadarwar da aka Ajiye (SCA) na 1986 don ba da damar tilasta wa dokar tarayya tilastawa kamfanonin fasaha na Amurka ta hanyar sammaci ko sammaci don samar da bayanan da aka buƙata da aka adana akan sabar ba tare da la'akari da ko an adana bayanan a cikin Amurka ko a ƙasar waje ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2018 |title=The CLOUD Act and its Impact on Cross-Border Access to the Contents of Communications |url=https://www.alstonprivacy.com/cloud-act-impact-cross-border-access-contents-communications/}}</ref> == Fage == An gabatar da Dokar CLOUD ne biyo bayan matsalolin da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] (FBI) ke da shi tare da samun bayanan nesa ta hanyar masu ba da sabis ta hanyar sammacin SCA, kamar yadda aka rubuta SCA kafin lissafin girgije ya kasance fasaha mai dacewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwartz |first=William |last2=Goldstein |first2=rew |last3=Grooms |first3=Daniel |title=The New Data Wars: How the CLOUD Act Is Likely To Trigger Legal Challenges |url=https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2020/03/30/the-new-data-wars-how-the-cloud-act-is-likely-to-trigger-legal-challenges/ |access-date=2020-11-11 |website=New York Law Journal |language=en}}</ref> An bayyana halin da ake ciki daga binciken fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi na 2013, lokacin da FBI ta ba da sammacin SCA na imel ɗin da wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ya adana a ɗaya daga cikin sabar [[Microsoft]] na nesa a Ireland, wanda Microsoft ya ƙi bayarwa. == Tanadi == Dokar CLOUD ta ce dole ne kamfanonin sadarwa na Amurka su samar da bayanan da aka adana ga abokin ciniki ko mai biyan kuɗi akan kowace uwar garken da suka mallaka kuma su yi aiki a lokacin da aka buƙace su ta hanyar garanti, amma ta samar da hanyoyin da kamfanoni ko kotuna za su ƙi ko ƙalubalantar waɗannan idan sun yi imanin buƙatar ta keta haƙƙin sirri na ƙasar waje bayanan da aka adana a ciki. Har ila yau, yana ba da madadin hanya da sauri zuwa MLATs ta hanyar "yarjejeniyoyin zartarwa"; an baiwa [[Federal government of the United States#Executive branch|bangaren zartaswa]] damar shiga yarjejeniyoyin bangarorin biyu tare da kasashen waje don samar da bayanan da ake bukata da suka shafi ‘yan kasarta cikin tsari mai inganci, muddin [[United States Attorney General|babban mai shari’a]], tare da amincewar [[United States Secretary of State|sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka]], ya amince cewa kasar waje tana da isassun kariya a wurin da za ta takaita samun bayanai da suka shafi ‘yan kasar Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2018 |title=S.2383 - CLOUD Act |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/2383/text |access-date=April 3, 2018 |publisher=United States Congress}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Ericka |date=March 19, 2018 |title=The CLOUD Act, Bridging the Gap between Technology and the Law |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/cloud-act-bridging-gap-between-technology-and-law |access-date=April 3, 2018 |website=[[The National Law Review]]}}</ref> Irin wannan yarjejeniya ta farko ita ce da Burtaniya. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Christakis |first=Theodore |date=October 17, 2019 |title=21 Thoughts and Questions about the UK-US CLOUD Act Agreement: (and an Explanation of How it Works – with Charts) |url=https://europeanlawblog.eu/2019/10/17/21-thoughts-and-questions-about-the-uk-us-cloud-act-agreement-and-an-explanation-of-how-it-works-with-charts/ |access-date=July 20, 2020 |website=blog |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721122020/https://europeanlawblog.eu/2019/10/17/21-thoughts-and-questions-about-the-uk-us-cloud-act-agreement-and-an-explanation-of-how-it-works-with-charts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai FAQ ɗin da aka liƙa a cikin [[White paper|farar takarda]] da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta buga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2019 |title=Promoting Public Safety, Privacy, and the Rule of Law Around the World: The Purpose and Impact of the CLOUD Act, White Paper |url=http://www.justice.gov/CLOUDAct |access-date=October 21, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice}}</ref> == Goyon baya da adawa == Dokar CLOUD ta sami tallafi daga Sashen Shari'a da na manyan kamfanonin fasaha kamar [[Microsoft]], [[Amazon (kamfani)|AWS]], [[Apple]], da [[Google]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |date=March 22, 2018 |title=Microsoft bullish on Congress' inclusion of CLOUD Act in funding bill |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-bullish-on-congress-inclusion-of-cloud-act-in-funding-bill/ |access-date=April 2, 2018 |website=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref> <ref name="salon 0322182">{{Cite web |last=Mak |first=Aaron |date=March 22, 2018 |title=Congress Put the CLOUD Act in Its Spending Bill. What Does That Mean For Data Privacy? |url=https://slate.com/technology/2018/03/cloud-act-microsoft-justice-department-omnibus-spending-bill.html |access-date=April 2, 2018 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref> Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a da dama sun soki kudurin, da suka haɗa da [[Gidauniyar Frontier Electronic|Electronic Frontier Foundation]], [[American Civil Liberties Union]], [[Amnesty International]], da [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] . Wadannan rukunoni sun yi jayayya cewa lissafin [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|kwantar da hankula ta hudu]] ga binciken da ba zai iya ba da zartar da bayanan ba yayin da aka bayar da irin waɗannan shaharar Amurka. <ref name="salon 0322182" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brandom |first=Russell |last2=Lecher |first2=Colin |date=March 22, 2018 |title=House passes controversial legislation giving the US more access to overseas data |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/22/17131004/cloud-act-congress-omnibus-passed-mlat |access-date=April 2, 2018 |website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna tsoron gwamnati ba za ta yi cikakken nazarin buƙatun daga ƙasashen waje don 'yan ƙasarsu da aka adana a kan sabar a Amurka ba, wanda zai iya ba da damar yin amfani da irin waɗannan bayanan cikin mummunan imani a waɗannan ƙasashe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Watters |first=Jackie |date=March 31, 2018 |title=Microsoft email privacy case no longer needed, DOJ says |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/03/31/technology/microsoft-lawsuit-supreme-court-justice-department/index.html |access-date=April 2, 2018 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=April 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402081707/http://money.cnn.com/2018/03/31/technology/microsoft-lawsuit-supreme-court-justice-department/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wucewa da kuma bayansa == Bayan gabatar da shi a cikin [[115th United States Congress|Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta 115]] a matsayin HR4943, an haɗa dokar a matsayin wani sashe na [[Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018|Dokar Haɓaka Ƙarfafa, 2018]] ( H.R. 1625 ), [[Omnibus spending bill|lissafin kashe kudi na omnibus]], wanda ya wuce majalisun majalisun biyu kuma aka sanya hannu kan doka, PL 115-141, akan Maris 23, 2018. A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2018, Kotun Koli, bisa la’akari da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani da Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta gabatar, ta kori ''[[Microsoft Corp. v. United States|Microsoft Corp. da Amurka]]'', kuma ta mayar da shi zuwa ƙaramar kotu don yin hakan, kamar yadda Ma’aikatar Shari’a ta sami damar samun sabon sammaci a ƙarƙashin Dokar CLOUD kuma ba ta ci gaba da bin sammacin farko ba, wanda ya sa shari’ar [[Mootness|ta tabbata]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stohr |first=Greg |date=March 31, 2018 |title=Justice Department Asks Court to Drop Microsoft Email Case |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-31/justice-department-asks-high-court-to-drop-microsoft-email-case |access-date=April 2, 2018 |website=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2018 |title=Supreme Court rules that Microsoft email privacy dispute is moot |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-court-microsoft/supreme-court-rules-that-microsoft-email-privacy-dispute-is-moot-idUSKBN1HO23S |access-date=April 17, 2018 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> === Halin kasa da kasa === [[European Data Protection Supervisor|Mai Kula da Kariyar Bayanan Turai]] (EDPS) ya kalli Dokar CLOUD a matsayin doka a cikin yiwuwar rikici da [[General Data Protection Regulation|GDPR]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=European Data Protection Supervisor |date=10 July 2019 |title=EDPB-EDPS Joint Response on the US Cloud Act |url=https://edps.europa.eu/sites/edp/files/publication/19-07-10_edpb_edps_cloudact_annex_en.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Christakis |first=Theodore |date=October 17, 2019 |title=21 Thoughts and Questions about the UK-US CLOUD Act Agreement: (and an Explanation of How it Works – with Charts) |url=https://europeanlawblog.eu/2019/10/17/21-thoughts-and-questions-about-the-uk-us-cloud-act-agreement-and-an-explanation-of-how-it-works-with-charts/ |access-date=July 20, 2020 |website=blog |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721122020/https://europeanlawblog.eu/2019/10/17/21-thoughts-and-questions-about-the-uk-us-cloud-act-agreement-and-an-explanation-of-how-it-works-with-charts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitworth |first=Martin |date=2018 |title=Don't Get Spooked by the CLOUD Act |url=https://d1.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/compliance/IDC_Cloud_Act_Analysis.pdf |publisher=International Data Corporation}}</ref> [[Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information|Kwamishinan Kare bayanai na Jamus]] ya yi gargaɗi game da amfani da [[Amazon Web Services|Sabis na Yanar Gizo na Amazon]] na Amurka don adana mahimman bayanai ga [[Federal Police (Germany)|'yan sanda na Tarayya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delcker |first=Janosch |date=April 4, 2019 |title=German watchdog says Amazon cloud vulnerable to US snooping |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/german-privacy-watchdog-says-amazon-cloud-vulnerable-to-us-snooping/ |website=POLITICO.eu}}</ref> Ana kallon wannan doka a matsayin kwatankwacin dokar leken asiri ta kasar Sin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 24, 2019 |title=As Huawei frightens Europe's data protectors, America does too |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/as-huawei-frightens-europes-data-protectors-america-does-too |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314163705/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/as-huawei-frightens-europes-data-protectors-america-does-too |archive-date=2024-03-14 |website=The Straits Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maartje Wijffelaars |title=The transatlantic trade war: Plenty of topics to be upset about |url=https://economics.rabobank.com/publications/2020/january/the-transatlantic-trade-war/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225083414/https://economics.rabobank.com/publications/2020/january/the-transatlantic-trade-war/ |archive-date=2021-02-25 |website=RaboResearch - Economic Research}}</ref> Bayan dokar ta Cloud, ƙasashe da yawa sun ƙaddamar da matakan adana bayanai a cikin iyakokinsu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pi0xsmiyqeqdse3jw1wc333mnmx30wl 0 111779 839554 693406 2026-05-24T02:21:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Daidaitawa '''mai ma'ana''' shine gyare-gyare da aka yi a cikin tsarin don karɓar ko yin daidai da tsarin ga mutum bisa ga tabbatar da buƙata. Wannan bukatar na iya bambanta. Gidaje na iya zama na addini, na jiki, na tunani ko na motsin rai, na ilimi, ko na aiki, kuma doka sau da yawa tana ba da umarni. Kowace ƙasa tana da tsarin kanta na masauki masu ma'ana. [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta yi amfani da wannan kalmar a cikin [[Yarjejeniya kan Haƙƙin masu lalura ta musamman|Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Mutanen da ke da nakasa]], tana mai cewa ƙin yin masauki yana haifar da [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]]. Ya bayyana "ma'auni mai ma'ana" kamar haka: {{Blockquote|... necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/article-2-definitions.html |title=Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities |publisher=United Nations |access-date=7 July 2021 }}</ref>}} == Kasafin kuɗi == Ma'aikata da manajoji galibi suna damuwa game da yiwuwar farashin da ke tattare da samar da masauki ga ma'aikatan da ke da nakasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bonaccio |first=Silvia |last2=Connelly |first2=Catherine E. |last3=Gellatly |first3=Ian R. |last4=Jetha |first4=Arif |last5=Martin Ginis |first5=Kathleen A. |year=2020 |title=The Participation of People with Disabilities in the Workplace Across the Employment Cycle: Employer Concerns and Research Evidence |journal=Journal of Business and Psychology |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=135–158 |doi=10.1007/s10869-018-9602-5 |pmc=7114957 |pmid=32269418 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, wurare da yawa, kamar motsa ma'aikaci zuwa tebur daban ko canza jadawalin aiki, ba su da kuɗin kuɗi kai tsaye (56% a cikin binciken ma'aikata da JAN ta gudanar ), kuma yawancin wasu suna da farashin lokaci ɗaya kawai (misali, don siyan salon kwamfuta daban). Kudin masauki na iya ragewa ta hanyar tanadi da ke da alaƙa da ɗaukar mutanen da ke da nakasa (mafi girman aiki, ƙananan farashin juyawa). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fisher |first=Sandra L. |last2=Connelly |first2=Catherine E. |year=2020 |title=Building the "Business Case" for Hiring People with Disabilities |journal=Canadian Journal of Disability Studies |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=71–88 |doi=10.15353/cjds.v9i4.669 |s2cid=230653928 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Bukatar masauki masu gasa == Ba sau da yawa, mutane biyu za su buƙaci masauki da ke sabawa juna. Ana iya buƙatar warware matsalar ƙira don neman hanyoyin da za su karɓi mutanen biyu. Misali, [[United States Department of Justice|Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka]] ta ba da shawarar cewa idan shirin ya yi wa mutum hidima tare da [[Service dog|kare mai hidima]] da kuma mutumin da ke da [[Allergy to dogs|rashin lafiyan karnuka]], shirin ya raba su a zahiri, ta hanyar tambayar su su zauna a ɗakuna daban-daban ko a bangarorin da suka dace na ɗaki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2022 |title=ADA 2010 Revised Requirements: Service Animals |url=https://www.ada.gov/service_animals_2010.htm |access-date=2022-11-16 |website= |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section}}</ref> A wasu lokuta, wuraren da ke da amfani bazai zama zaɓi na farko ga duk mahalarta ba. Misali, mutumin da ke da matsalar ji bazai iya fahimtar muryar wucin gadi da aka samar ta hanyar na'urar [[Speech synthesis|rubutu zuwa magana]] da mutum wanda [[Aphonia|ba zai iya magana ba]] ya amfani da ita, don haka suna iya neman hanyar sadarwa wacce ba ta dogara da wannan na'urar ba, koda kuwa mutumin da ba ya magana zai fi son amfani da wannan na-urar == Turai == === Ƙasar Ingila === Dokokin Ingila, Wales, Scotland da Arewacin Ireland suna buƙatar ma'aikata su yi masauki mai ma'ana ga ma'aikatan nakasassu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=What reasonable adjustments are - Reasonable adjustments at work |url=https://www.acas.org.uk/reasonable-adjustments |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Acas |language=en}}</ref> da kuma masu ba da sabis daban-daban (ciki har da makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'i) don yin haka ga ɗalibai nakasassu. Wannan aikin ya samo asali ne a karkashin [[Disability Discrimination Act 1995|Dokar nuna bambanci ga nakasassu ta 1995]], kuma yanzu ana magance shi ta [[Equality Act 2010|Dokar Daidaitawa ta 2010]] (sai dai a Arewacin Ireland). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reasonable adjustments for workers with disabilities or health conditions |url=https://www.gov.uk/reasonable-adjustments-for-disabled-workers |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Disability equality |url=https://www.equalityni.org/Disability |website=Equality Commission for Northern Ireland |access-date=2025-08-08 |archive-date=2024-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630025128/http://www.equalityni.org/disability |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rashin yin hakan na iya haifar da korafi daga ma'aikaci zuwa [[Employment tribunal|Kotun aiki]] ko kotunan farar hula ko wasu kotuna (a cikin yanayin da ba na aiki ba). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tse4u8bk3o9nl7r1z5jjz1k862hj3kn 0 111786 839641 700681 2026-05-24T11:32:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <references /> '''Dokar yara''' ta shafi waɗanda aka ɗauka a ƙarƙashin shekarun mafi rinjaye, wanda ya bambanta da ƙasa da ƙasa da al'ada. Yawancin lokaci, ana bi da yara daban-daban a ƙarƙashin doka. Koyaya, har ma da yara ƙanana za a iya gurfanar da su a matsayin manya. == Dokar yara ta ƙasa == A duka [[Faransa]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], an haramta wasu ayyuka ga yara, kamar shan barasa ko taba, rashin kulawa, gudu daga gida, da rashin kulawa. Saboda haka, ƙaramin mutum na iya zama mai laifi. === Amurka === A Amurka, yarinya ya bambanta da ma'anar daga jiha zuwa jiha. Tsarin ya shafi kowa da kowa tsakanin shekaru 6 da 10, dangane da jihar, da 18; ban da jihohi 11 (ciki har da Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, South Carolina, da Texas), inda matashi mutum ne a ƙarƙashin 17 da New York da North Carolina, inda yake ƙasa da 15. Don haka, mafi yawan masu laifi suna farawa a 16, 17, ko 18. Dokar Shari'a da Laifi ta Matasa ta Tarayya ta 1974 ta kafa mahimman buƙatu guda huɗu <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Long Arm of Federal Juvenile Crime Law Shortened |url=http://www.ncpa.org/ba/ba235.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217091409/http://www.ncpa.org/ba/ba235.html |archive-date=2004-12-17 |access-date=2021-09-04}}</ref> ga kananan yara na Amurka: * Da farko, kawar da masu laifi, motsa su daga dakunan yara zuwa yankunan al'umma ko na iyali. * Abu na biyu, rarrabewa (ganuwa da rabuwa mai kyau) tsakanin masu laifi na yara da manya * Na uku, iyakancewa mai ƙarfi ga tsarin shari'ar yara don sanya yara a cikin kurkuku na manya. * Na huɗu, kariya ga kungiyoyin 'yan tsiraru daga kasancewa da yawa a cikin babban tsaro. Duk jihohin suna shiga sai dai Dakota ta Kudu da Wyoming. === Faransa === Faransa tana da matakai uku na kananan yara: * Jariri, har yanzu ba tare da fahimtar ayyukan ba tukuna, ba ya aikata laifi don haka ba za a iya yanke masa hukunci ba. * Ƙananan tsakanin 7/8 da 13 yana da basirarsa. Babu wani hukunci na laifi amma matakan ilimi ne kawai za a iya ba da shi, bisa ga dokar a shekara ta 2002. * Ƙananan tsakanin 13 zuwa 18 wanda ya aikata laifi na iya samun hukunci na ilimi ko, a lokuta na musamman, mai laifi. Rashin alhakin yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 13 an bayyana shi ta Mataki na 122-8 na Dokar Laifuka. Wadanda ke tsakanin 13 zuwa 18 ana zaton ba su da alhakin, amma za su iya shiga cikin hukuncin aikata laifuka idan yanayin da halin da ake ciki na yarinyar ya tabbatar da hakan. == The Aiki == A cewar Jean Pierre Rosenczveig, alƙali na yara a Bobigny, kusa da [[Faris|Paris]], dokar aikata laifuka ta yara a Faransa tana da mahimman buƙatu guda shida: # Kwarewar majistare. Lalle ne, tsarin aikata laifuka na yara yana da mai shiga tsakani: alƙalin yara, kotun assizes na yara, kotunin daukaka kara na yara, da sauransu. # Hakkin dangi na aikata laifuka ya fara ne tun yana da shekara 13. # Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci su ne ilmantarwa, maimakon azabtarwa. Mataki na 2 na umarnin Fabrairu 2, # ha wata,shekara ta 1945, ya tilasta wani tsari na sanya ilimi ga kananan yara waɗanda aka yi la'akari da matakin sanya tsare-tsare. # Dole ne a sanar da iyaye game da kulawar 'yan sanda na yaransu. Bugu da ƙari, Mataki na 13 na wannan umarni ya tilasta binciken iyaye kafin yanke shawara na kotun. Har ila yau, kafin kula da 'yan sanda na yara, dole ne a kira sabis na kariya ta shari'a ga matasa. # Bukatar lauya ga matashi. Idan bai tuntubi mutum ba, dole ne ikon ya yi masa. A Amurka, ana ba da shawarar kasancewar lauya ne kawai, ba tilas ba. A mafi yawan jihohi, kotuna na musamman suna gwada yara, amma wasu kamar Colorado ba su da su. Wasu laifuka suna ba da damar shari'ar matasa masu laifi ta babbar kotun (kamar kisan kai na farko ko kisan gungun). Yara kuma suna da kariya ta musamman, ban da kotunan yara, waɗanda aka rufe wa jama'a a Amurka. A Faransa, rufe kotun ga jama'a (kusa ta rufe) zaɓi ne. Kamar yadda yake a Faransa, dole ne a sanar da iyaye ko masu kula da Amurka kuma su kasance a lokacin tambayoyin 'yan sanda. Aƙalla, ana ɓoye sunayen yara lokacin da ake zargi da aikata laifi. Shari'o'in yara ba alƙali ba ne ke sauraron shari'o'i. Akalla, tsarin dokar aikata laifuka na Amurka yana da takamaiman ƙamus don shari'o'in yara. Lalle ne, masu laifi na yara ba aikata laifi ba ne amma aikata laifi. Har ila yau, kotuna suna amfani da kalmar delinquent ko non delinquent, maimakon laifi ko ba laifi ba, kawai don nuna cewa ƙarami ya bambanta da mai laifi. Yara suna da hakkoki iri ɗaya da manya. An ɗauka ba su da laifi, ana sanar da su tuhume-tuhume kafin a yanke musu hukunci na aikata laifi, suna da 'yancin fuskantar da kuma bincika shaidu, kuma suna da' yancin Kwaskwarima na Biyar game da cin zarafin kansu. Bayan kama su, a cikin ƙasashe biyu, ana iya sanya yara a tsare-tsare na wucin gadi (har sai [[Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]] ta hana shi a Faransa) idan iyaye suna da nuna bambanci kuma suna sanar da su. Ana yin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi a cikin ɗakin yara, wanda aka raba shi da manya. Iyaye na Amurka na iya zama masu alhakin ayyukan ɗansu idan sun kasa ikon iyayensu, misali shine idan ƙaramin yana da hannu a cikin laifin ƙungiyar. Har ila yau, yara ba su da ikon yin beli. Kamar yadda za'a iya lura, hanyoyin UD da Faransanci ba su da bambanci sosai saboda suna da manufa ɗaya: don karewa, gwargwadon yiwuwar, sha'awar ƙaramin mai laifi. Duk da haka, ban da tsare-tsare (rabuwa da manya da kuma wayar da kan iyaye), abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci sun bambanta. Amurka ta fi son sirrin kananan yara, amma Faransa ta jaddada karɓar yara a cikin tsarin aikata laifuka. Dukkanin tsarin suna karewa amma ba a cikin hanya ɗaya ba. A Faransa, lauya tilas ne. A Amurka, babu juri. Kamar yadda aka lura, burin adalci na yara a Faransa da Amurka a bayyane yake don ilimantar da masu laifi na yara, maimakon azabtar da su, koda kuwa wasu matakai na iya zama masu tsanani. == Hukunce-hukuncen da yara suka samu == Umurnin na Fabrairu 2, 1945, dangane da laifin yara ya ƙunshi matakai uku don azabtar da ƙananan masu laifi na Faransa: * Da farko, ma'auni na ilimi na iya zama gargadi, takamaiman sanya ilimi, a ƙarƙashin kariya ta doka (har zuwa shekaru biyar), ko kuma 'yanci mai kulawa. * Abu na biyu, matakin matsakaici wanda ƙaramin ya shiga cikin ma'aikatar lalacewar da ya haifar. Dole ne wanda aka azabtar ya amince. Za'a iya gabatar da ƙarami tsakanin 16 zuwa 18 ga aikin sha'awa. * Na uku, matakin ɗaurin kurkuku bazai wuce rabin lokacin ɗaurin manya ba. Koyaya, ƙananan yara (sama da 16) na iya samun irin wannan hukunci kamar manya idan laifin yana da tsanani. Hukuncin ya dogara da shekarun ƙaramin. Kamar yadda aka ambata, idan sun kasa da 7 ko 8, ba za a hukunta su ba. Idan suna tsakanin 8 zuwa 13, hukuncin ba komai bane face azabtarwa ta ilimi. Idan sun wuce 13, za su iya samun horo na ilimi da na laifi, amma kotun dole ne ta bayyana shawarar ta bisa ga halin ƙaramin da yanayin. Amurka ba ta da rarrabuwa sosai. Hukuncin ya yi daidai ga kowane mai laifi sama da 10, kuma babu bambancin mataki tsakanin matakan. Koyaya, matakan da kansu iri ɗaya ne: * Sanya mai laifi a cikin kulawar wata hukuma don kula da shi * Sanya mai laifi a cikin wani shirin ɗaurin kurkuku * Yin umurni ga mai laifi ya shiga cikin shirin magani * Yin umurni da yaro ya yi aiki a cikin gine-ginen jama'a ko dukiya mai zaman kanta * Yin umurni ga yaron ya shiga cikin biyan bashin lalacewar da suka haifar * Yin aiki da mai laifi ga Ma'aikatar Yara da Iyalai idan iyalinsa ba su isa ba. Tun daga shekara ta 1988, an haramta hukuncin kisa ga yara da suka aikata laifuka. Har ila yau, a watan Maris na shekara ta 2005, an haramta hukuncin kisa ga masu kisan kai da suka aikata laifukansu kafin su kai shekara 18. Akwai mutane 72 a kan layin mutuwa da ke damuwa a lokacin. == Dubi kuma == * Laifin yara * Kotun yara * Rubik's Cube * Tetris == Manazarta == {{Authority control}} == Tushen == * ''[http://www.senat.fr/lc/lc52/lc525.html Majalisar Dattawa]'' a Faransanci * ''[http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Minorité_pénale_%28fr%29 Jurispedia, Ƙananan masu laifi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423155435/http://fr.jurispedia.org/index.php/Minorit%C3%A9_p%C3%A9nale_(fr) |date=2025-04-23 }}'' a Faransanci * Rosenczveig, Jean Pierre; Shari'ar Laifi na Ma'adinai, nazarin''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011342/http://www.rosenczveig.com/Nanterre/Fac2%20-%202006-2007.pdf Shari'ar aikata laifuka na kananan yara, nazarin]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070713074258/http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itdhr/0701/ijdf/frjacsdb.htm Bayanan Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070107173804/http://www.apsu.edu/oconnort/3040/3040lect01a.htm Gabatarwa ga shari'ar aikata laifuka] * Tsarin shari'ar matasa na Amurka * Laifin yara * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061130182242/http://www.ncpa.org/ba/ba235.html ''Dokar Shari'a da Laifi ta Yara'' ta Tarayya] * Sanctions na Yara, Bayani na Online An adana 2007-10-19 a * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010052138/http://www.abanet.org/publiced/practical/criminal/juvenile_adult_differ.html Cibiyar sadarwa ta ABA] == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/content/full/35/3/364?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&minscore=5000&resourcetype=HWCIT Ya yi ƙuruciya sosai don Kashewa? Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yi tafiya a hanya mai haɗari a cikin Roper v. Simmons''Roper da Simmons''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928173237/http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/content/full/35/3/364?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&minscore=5000&resourcetype=HWCIT |date=2011-09-28 }} * [http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/content/full/33/4/547?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&minscore=5000&resourcetype=HWCIT Roper v. Simmons: Za a iya kashe masu laifi na yara?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928173258/http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/content/full/33/4/547?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&minscore=5000&resourcetype=HWCIT |date=2011-09-28 }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t2k3mbpfe2afmauz9htcq1yf2x111uf 0 112311 839327 731759 2026-05-23T12:28:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Europe-Italy--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|thumb|Canjin zafin jiki a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata a Italiya yana nuna karuwar matsakaicin zafin jiki shekaru ashirin da suka gabata]] [[Fayil:Too_hot_to_handle_ESA19642327.gif|thumb|Yana ƙara zafi a duk faɗin duniya, Italiya tana ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa da ke jin mummunan tasirin.]] Italiya tana fuskantar tasirin sauyin yanayi, tare da karuwar abubuwan da suka faru kamar su raƙuman ruwa, fari da ambaliyar ruwa; alal misali, [[Venezia|Venice]] tana fuskantar matsalolin da ke ƙaruwa saboda hauhawar matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umgiesser |first=Georg |date=April 2020 |title=The impact of operating the mobile barriers in Venice (MOSE) under climate change |url=http://venezia2021.corila.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/1-s2.0-S1617138119302079-main.pdf |journal=Journal for Nature Conservation |volume=54 |pages=125783 |doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125783 |s2cid=212790209 |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="Levantesi">{{Cite journal |last=Levantesi |first=Stella |date=2 November 2021 |title=Assessing Italy's climate risk |journal=Nature Italy |doi=10.1038/d43978-021-00136-0 |s2cid=242053771}}</ref> Italiya tana fuskantar ƙalubale da yawa na daidaitawa da [[Canjin yanayi]] ciki har da tasirin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da muhalli wanda canjin yanayi ke haifar, da kuma yawan mutuwar da ke fama da matsala daga haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ke zuwa tare da canjin sauyin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Italy — Climate-ADAPT |url=https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/countries-regions/countries/italy |access-date=2022-07-10 |website=climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu}}</ref> Italiya ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta tilasta ilimi kan canjin yanayi, kuma ta haɗa da "kariya ga muhalli, [[Fauna of Italy|bambancin halittu]] da [[Effects of climate change on biomes|yanayin halittu]]" a cikin [[Constitution of Italy|kundin tsarin mulki]] don "kariya daga tsararraki masu zuwa". Italiya wani bangare ne na [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]], da Tarayyar [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|Daidaitawa]] ta Tarayyar Turai da yarjejeniya tare da Faransa don karfafa hadin gwiwar kasashen biyu wanda ya haɗa da sadaukarwa ga [[Sustainable development|Ci gaba mai ɗorewa]], kare yanayi da bambancin halittu, da kuma kare [[Bahar Rum]] da [[Alps|Alpine Arc]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2021 |title=Traité entre la République française et la République italienne pour une coopération bilatérale renforcée. |url=https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2021/11/26/traite-entre-la-republique-francaise-et-la-republique-italienne-pour-une-cooperation-bilaterale-renforcee |website=elysee}}</ref> Italiya tana ƙoƙarin daidaita amfani da ita zuwa tsarin da ya fi ɗorewa ta hanyar juyawa zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa da sannu a hankali kawar da man fetur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Italy – Countries & Regions |url=https://www.iea.org/countries/italy |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=IEA |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rashin iskar gas == [[Fayil:Ghg-emissions-by-sector-Italy.svg|thumb|Rashin iskar gas ta bangare a cikin 2018: samar da wutar lantarki da zafi da sufuri sun fi yawa.]] === Amfani da makamashi === Italiya ita ce ta uku mafi girma a cikin makamashi a cikin Tarayyar Turai bayan Jamus da Faransa.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=International – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/ITA |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.eia.gov}}</ref> Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a Italiya sune kayayyakin man fetur kamar man fetur, da iskar gas.<ref name=":15" /> Saboda canjin yanayi, Italiya tana ƙara ƙoƙarin samarwa da cinye makamashi mai sabuntawa ko "kore" don rage hayakin carbon. Italiya ta dogara sosai da makamashi da aka shigo da ita; kuma ita ce ta biyu mafi girma mai shigo da iskar gas a Turai wanda ya fito daga Rasha.<ref name=":15" /> Ana kuma shigo da wasu wutar lantarki, gami da makamashin nukiliya daga Faransa.<ref name=":15" /> === Sufuri === Sufuri shine bangaren da ya fi daukar nauyin hayakin iskar gas a Italiya.[1] A cikin 1990 Italiya ta fitar da kusan tan miliyan 100 na CO2, tana fitar da ci gaba a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru 15 masu zuwa, zuwa kusan tan miliyan 130 a cikin 2005. Matakan fitar da iska ya ragu sosai a 2010 da 2015, yana daidaita tsakanin tan miliyan 100 zuwa 106 na CO2. A cikin 2022, Forza Italia bai yi nasara ba yunƙurin raunana dokokin EU game da hayaƙin mota.[3] === Abubuwan da ake amfani da su === {{Excerpt|Energy in Italy}} [[Fayil:Co2-emissions-by-fuel-Italy.svg|thumb|Kasuwancin carbon dioxide ta hanyar man fetur]] === Rashin fitarwa na masana'antu === Kashewa a Italiya ya karu a duk lokacin masana'antu, duk da haka saboda bukatun canjin yanayi da ƙoƙarin sauyawa zuwa ƙarin hanyoyin samar da makamashi, Italiya ta sami nasarar kasancewa a kan saukowa don fitar da su. Daga 1989 zuwa kimanin 2008, Italiya tana kan hauhawar hayaki zuwa kimanin tan miliyan 600 (Mt) na CO2, amma tun daga lokacin ya ragu zuwa ƙasa da 500 Mt zuwa kusan 450 Mt na CO2 a cikin 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EEA greenhouse gases – data viewer — European Environment Agency |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=www.eea.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> Yawancin gurɓataccen iska idan ya zo ga hayakin CO2 ya fito ne daga samar da makamashi don wutar lantarki kuma na biyu zuwa wannan daga masana'antu ne.{{Excerpt|Energy in Italy|Emissions}} === Dazuzzuka === Wasu gandun daji sun sake girma a kan gonakin da aka watsar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agnoletti |first=Mauro |last2=Piras |first2=Francesco |last3=Venturi |first3=Martina |last4=Santoro |first4=Antonio |date=January 2022 |title=Cultural values and forest dynamics: The Italian forests in the last 150 years |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=503 |pages=119655 |doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119655 |s2cid=241453683 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> An amince da sabon dabarun gandun daji kuma an buga shi a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pettenella |first=Davide |date=2022-02-23 |title=Italian Forestry Strategy approved after long consultation |url=https://medforest.net/2022/02/23/italian-forestry-strategy-approved-after-long-consultation/ |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=MedForest |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Wildfires in Italy|Wutar daji a Italiya]] na iya zama matsala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rome |first=Wanted in |date=2022-06-28 |title=Rome battles wildfires amid record June heatwave |url=https://www.wantedinrome.com/news/rome-battles-wildfires-amid-record-june-heatwave.html |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Wanted in Rome |language=en}}</ref> == Tasirin yanayi == === Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi ===   [[yanayin Italiya]] yana fuskantar hauhawar yanayin zafi, narkewar kankara, karuwar yawan ambaliyar ruwa saboda hauhawar teku da ruwan sama mai yawa, da kuma yawanci da kuma tsawon lokacin fari.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Previsioni Meteorologiche per ROMA (RM) |url=http://www.meteoam.it/ta/previsione/482/ROMA |website=meteo aeronautica}}</ref> Wadannan bambance-bambance na yanayi za a iya lura da su a watan Yulin 2021, lokacin da aka ga ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya haifar da lalacewa mai yawa, yayin da wata daya bayan haka kasar ta sami rikodin zafin jiki, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na digiri 48.8, a Sicily yana sanya birane 26 a ƙarƙashin ja. Wadannan abubuwa biyu suna nuna sauyin yanayi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Baya ga karuwar wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, sauyin yanayi na Italiya ya ga raguwar ruwan sama, kamar hunturu na 2022 wanda ya bar Italiya da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ruwan sama. Matsakaicin zafin jiki, a halin yanzu, ya karu, a cikin hunturu da rani.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2022 |title=Giornata Acqua: il Po a secco come ad agosto, sos siccità |url=https://www.coldiretti.it/meteo_clima/giornata-acqua-il-po-a-secco-come-ad-agosto-sos-siccita |website=Coldiretti |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222063200/https://www.coldiretti.it/meteo_clima/giornata-acqua-il-po-a-secco-come-ad-agosto-sos-siccita |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5"/> Yanayin Italiyanci yana fuskantar yanayin zafi, kuma yana fuskantar sakamakon canjin yanayi.<ref name=":5"/> Wadannan canje-canje suna bayyane, a matakin yanki, yayin da canje-canjen zafin jiki a yankin Lazio, inda babban birnin, Roma, yake. Wannan yankin yana daya daga cikin mafi zafi a Italiya.<ref name=":7"/> Ba a kare babban birnin Italiya daga dumamar yanayi ba, saboda matsakaicin zafin jiki na birnin ya tashi tsakanin 1979 da 2022, daga matsakaicin shekara-shekara na 14.6 ° C a 1980 zuwa matsakaicin 16.3 ° C shekaru 40 bayan haka. Don haka yana ƙara zafi a yankin Roma.<ref name=":7"/>&nbsp;&nbsp; Idan muka ba da cikakken bayani game da wannan karuwa kaɗan, kuma muka ɗauki watanni na Yuli da Janairu tsakanin 1900 da 2018, zafin jiki ya karu da 1.4 ° C na Yuli da 1.2 ° C na Janairu, kuma wannan karuwa har yanzu yana ƙaruwa.<ref name=":7"/>&nbsp;&nbsp; A nan gaba, an haɓaka yanayi biyu don Italiya bisa ga rahotanni na [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|IPCC]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change 2021 – Le basi fisico-scientifiche {{!}} IPCC – Focal Point Italia |url=https://ipccitalia.cmcc.it/climate-change-2021-le-basi-fisico-scientifiche/ |access-date=2022-05-20 |language=it-IT}}</ref> Kowane labari yana ba da bambancin yanayi mai yiwuwa wanda ya haifar da matakin fitarwa da aka zaba a matsayin ra'ayi na aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapport IPCC |url=https://ipccitalia.cmcc.it/climate-change-2021-le-basi-fisico-scientifiche/ |website=IPCC}}</ref> Labarin farko (RCP4.5) ya yi la'akari da karuwar hayaki na iskar gas na wasu shekarun da suka gabata, kafin ya daidaita sannan ya ragu kafin ƙarshen karni. Labarin RCP8.5 ya tsara mafi girman yanayin, ba tare da tsari na hayakin gas ba.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=analisi de rischio, cambiamenti climatici in Italia |url=https://files.cmcc.it/200916_REPORT_CMCC_RISCHIO_Clima_in_Italia.pdf |publisher=Euro-Mediterranean Climate Change Centre Foundation}}</ref> CMCC (Euro-Mediterranean Climate Change Foundation) da kuma abubuwan da suka faru da aka gani a sama suna nazarin juyin halitta tsakanin 2021 - 2100, bisa ga bayanin 1981 - 2010. A Italiya, zamu iya ganin karuwar zafin jiki, raguwar yawan kwanakin sanyi, karuwar yawan kwanakin da suka biyo baya ba tare da ruwan sama ba da raguwar ruwan sama na rani ga duka al'amuran. Yawan kwanaki tare da ruwan sama na hunturu yana ƙaruwa a arewacin ƙasar yayin da yake raguwa a kudu. Bambanci yana bayyane ga yanayin ba tare da raguwar CO ba (RCP8.5), wanda ke bin irin wannan tsinkaye kamar yanayin farko, amma tare da mafi girman kashi na canji.<ref name=":162">{{Cite web |title=analisi de rischio, cambiamenti climatici in Italia |url=https://files.cmcc.it/200916_REPORT_CMCC_RISCHIO_Clima_in_Italia.pdf |publisher=Euro-Mediterranean Climate Change Centre Foundation}}</ref> An yi tsinkaye na gajeren lokaci daga 2021 zuwa 2050, za mu iya ganin cewa tsinkaye suna hango yanayin zafi na duniya, har zuwa +2 ° C don kudancin Italiya, a cikin watanni na Yuni, Yuli da Agusta don yanayin 8.5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scenari climatici per l'Italia |url=https://www.cmcc.it/it/scenari-climatici-per-litalia#mappe |publisher=Euro-Mediterranean Climate Change Centre Foundation}}</ref>&nbsp; An rarraba shekarar 2022 a matsayin shekara ta 5 mafi zafi a Italiya, yana sa tasirin ya fi bayyane. Lalle ne, ba wai kawai zafin jiki da yanayi sun shafi canjin yanayi ba, amma zamu iya ganin cewa an canza matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2022 |title=Clima: il 2022 è il V anno più caldo di sempre |url=https://www.coldiretti.it/meteo_clima/clima-il-2022-e-il-v-anno-piu-caldo-di-sempre |website=coldiretti |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130130112/https://www.coldiretti.it/meteo_clima/clima-il-2022-e-il-v-anno-piu-caldo-di-sempre |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Hawan matakin teku === Tare da ci gaba da [[Canjin yanayi]], kuma ta haka ne karuwar zafin jiki a duniya, kankara da kankara za su ci gaba da narkewa. Saboda haka ana sa ran hauhawar matakin teku kuma za a shafi bakin tekun [[Bahar Rum]]. Dangane da samfurin CMIP6 na [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|IPCC]] don teku ta Bahar Rum, a ƙarƙashin yanayin SSP3-7.0, matakin teku zai tashi da 0.6±0.3 m (yawar da P5-P95) ta shekara ta 2100.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Iturbide |first=Maialen |last2=Fernández |first2=Jesús |last3=Gutiérrez |first3=José Manuel |last4=Bedia |first4=Joaquín |last5=Cimadevilla |first5=Ezequiel |last6=Díez-Sierra |first6=Javier |last7=Manzanas |first7=Rodrigo |last8=Casanueva |first8=Ana |last9=Baño-Medina |first9=Jorge |last10=Milovac |first10=Josipa |last11=Herrera |first11=Sixto |last12=Cofiño |first12=Antonio S. |last13=San Martín |first13=Daniel |last14=García-Díez |first14=Markel |last15=Hauser |first15=Mathias |date=9 August 2021 |title=Repository supporting the implementation of FAIR principles in the IPCC-WGI Atlas |doi=10.5281/zenodo.3691645}}</ref> Strauss et al. sun buga wani kimantawa mai ban tsoro a cikin 2021.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Strauss |first=Benjamin H |last2=Kulp |first2=Scott A |last3=Rasmussen |first3=D J |last4=Levermann |first4=Anders |date=1 November 2021 |title=Unprecedented threats to cities from multi-century sea level rise |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=16 |issue=11 |pages=114015 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4015S |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2e6b |s2cid=239464826 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsinkayarsu ta kasance hauhawar matakin teku na 8.9 m na duniya bayan dumama 4 ° C ta shekara ta 2300, wanda hakan zai buƙaci sake rarraba kashi 8.9% na yawan Italiya a cikin yankunan da abin ya shafa, a yau.<ref name=":0" />&nbsp; A cikin shekara ta ², Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Ƙasa da Tekun Italiya ta bayyana cewa filayen da yankunan bakin teku na kimanin kilomita 4500 suna cikin haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa a cikin shekara ta 2100.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=<!--November 2007-->10 June 2010 |title=Fourth National Communication under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/itanc4.pdf |access-date=25 July 2022 |publisher=Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea}}</ref> Binciken da suka yi game da ambaliyar ruwa ya haifar da damuwa game da karuwar ayyukan ɗan adam a bakin tekun, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da lalacewa da lalacewar muhalli. Matsalar ɗan adam a cikin nau'ikan masana'antu, haɓaka birane da yawon buɗe ido, ya rage ƙarfin bakin teku zuwa hauhawar matakin teku, yayin da dunes suka zama ragu ko lalacewa, ko rairayin bakin teku da ke raguwa zuwa 'yan mita kawai ko ƙasa da haka. Wannan na iya haifar da sakamako ga lafiyar ɗan adam da ababen more rayuwa idan akwai ambaliyar ruwa da ta haifar da hauhawar matakin teku.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=<!--November 2009-->5 March 2010 |title=Fifth National Communication under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/ita_nc5.pdf |access-date=25 July 2022 |publisher=Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea}}</ref>&nbsp; === Ma'adanai na ruwa === [[Fayil:Where_the_river_ends.jpg|thumb|Kogin Trebbia, mai ba da gudummawa ga Po, wanda aka zana a lokacin rani na 2017, yana da haɗari ga fari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=Climate Crisis: Po hit by severe drought after 100 days without rain |url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/general_news/2022/03/17/po-hit-by-severe-drought-100-days-without-rain_d3b28a1f-821a-466b-9dc5-71619bacbc76.html |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=ANSA.it |language=en}}</ref>]] [[Tashin matakin teku|Hawan matakin teku]] da ake tsammani da haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa a bakin tekun Italiya, ya zama haɗarin gurɓataccen ruwa. Gidan ruwa mai laushi na bakin teku na iya fuskantar shigar ruwan gishiri wanda zai iya haifar da bushewar ƙasa don amsawa ga raguwar ruwa mai lauri.<ref name=":2"/> An yi nazarin tasirin yankin na hauhawar matakin teku a yankunan bakin teku a Murgia da Salento a kudancin Italiya. Wadannan, da sauran yankuna, suna amfani da ruwan kasa a matsayin babban ruwa don ban ruwa da sha. Yawan halitta na sake cika ruwa mai zurfi ta hanyar ruwa mai laushi yana da jinkiri sosai, yana sa su kasance masu hankali ga yawan amfani (misali rijiyoyin da ba bisa ka'ida ba) da kuma shigar da ruwan teku.<ref name=":8" /> Wannan ya haifar da gishiri da aka lura har zuwa 7 g / L a wasu wurare a bakin tekun Salento. Yayin da wannan salination ke ci gaba, ana sa ran fitar da ruwan kasa zai ragu sosai, a wasu lokuta yana haifar da raguwar 16% a cikin samar da ruwa da aka yi niyya don amfani da gida.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Masciopinto |first=Costantino |last2=Liso |first2=Isabella Serena |date=November 2016 |title=Assessment of the impact of sea-level rise due to climate change on coastal groundwater discharge |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=569-570 |pages=672–680 |bibcode=2016ScTEn.569..672M |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.183 |pmid=27376921}}</ref> A lokacin rani na 2022 gwamnati ta ayyana fari a kan Kogin Po gaggawa. === Tsarin halittu === [[Fayil:Giampilieri.jpg|thumb|2009 Ambaliyar ruwa da laka na Messina]] Dukkanin yanayin halittu a ko'ina cikin Italiya suna shafar canjin yanayi sakamakon yanayin zafi da karuwar ruwan sama. fari da gobarar daji da ke haifar da karuwar yanayin zafi suna lalata yanayin halittu wanda ke haifar da sake zagayowar lalacewa a kowane lokacin zafi.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=21 September 2020 |title=Climate: risks and future strategies in Italy |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/724127 |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en}}</ref> Yankunan Karst sune yanayin halittu masu mahimmanci waɗanda suka ƙunshi dutse wanda ke narkewa kuma yana haifar da koguna, sinkholes, rafi, da dai sauransu. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan duwatsu masu narkewa a cikin shimfidar wurare na karst, kamar dutse da marmara, wanda ke haifar da rushewar ruwa da narkewar duwatsu da ƙirƙirar halayen karst.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karst Landscapes – Caves and Karst (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/caves/karst-landscapes.htm |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> Yanayin karst suna da hankali sosai saboda dangantakarsu ta kusa da ruwa da dutse mai rauni. Duk abin da ya faru a sama zai iya shafar tsarin halittu na karst da ke ƙasa.<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last=Calò |first=Fabiana |last2=Parise |first2=Mario |date=December 2006 |title=Evaluating the Human Disturbance to Karst Environments in Southern Italy |journal=Acta Carsologica |volume=35 |issue=2–3 |doi=10.3986/ac.v35i2-3.227 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An gudanar da bincike kan barazanar ɗan adam ga tsarin halittu na karst a duk kudancin gabashin Italiya a yankin [[Apulia]].<ref name=":11" /> Babbar barazana ga tsarin halittu na karst a Apulia shine share dutse da kuma dutse, wanda ke canza yanayin yanayin karst gaba ɗaya kuma yana haifar da rushewar tsarin kogo.<ref name=":11" /> Raguwar yanayin karst a Italiya (musamman a Apulia) ba shi da kyau a ma'anar cewa yana rage ba kawai bambancin halittu ba amma yanayin karst kuma suna da ikon ɗaure carbon dioxide a cikin tsarin kogon su na karkashin ruwa wanda ke nufin Italiya za ta rasa wannan damar halitta a tsawon lokaci.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Why We Should Protect Karst Landscapes {{!}} Heinrich Böll Foundation {{!}} Southeast Asia Regional Office |url=https://th.boell.org/en/2021/03/03/why-we-should-protect-karst-landscapes |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, mahalli na karst suna samar da ruwan sha saboda ikon tacewa na halayen duwatsu masu laushi na mahalli na Karst, wanda ke haifar da karancin ruwan sha ga Italiya.<ref name=":12" /> Sauran ayyukan da mutane ke yi wanda zai iya lalatawa da lalata mahalli na Karst na iya haɗawa da [[hakar ma'adinai]], noma, yawon shakatawa na kogo, runoff, gurɓata, raguwar albarkatu a cikin ruwa ko nau'in dabbobi, sare daji, da sauransu.<ref name=":11" /> [[Fayil:Sentiero_Azzurro_near_Vernazza2.jpg|thumb|Misali na hanyar jirgin kasa ta bakin teku kusa da Vernazza, Italiya]] Akwai bakin teku da yawa a Italiya da ke kawo yawon bude ido da mutane da yawa zuwa tsarin halittu. Sau da yawa ana yaba da layin dogo a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin sufuri mafi kyau amma har ma suna iya haifar da babban tasiri ga yanayin da ke kewaye. Jirgin ƙasa yana buƙatar shimfiɗa har ma da ƙasa wanda yawanci ba haka ba ne ta bakin teku a Italiya, don haka an yi amfani da fashewa a baya don daidaita ƙasa don waƙoƙi. Wannan yana da tasiri sosai ga yanayin da ke kewaye da shi. Wadannan layin dogo kusa da bakin teku suma suna fama da matsalolin kwanciyar hankali saboda lalacewa daga ruwa da ke kusa, don haka akwai buƙatar kariya daga bakin teku tare da ganuwar teku.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Cinelli |first=Irene |last2=Anfuso |first2=Giorgio |last3=Privitera |first3=Sandro |last4=Pranzini |first4=Enzo |date=23 June 2021 |title=An Overview on Railway Impacts on Coastal Environment and Beach Tourism in Sicily (Italy) |journal=Sustainability |volume=13 |issue=13 |pages=7068 |doi=10.3390/su13137068 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Bukatar sake gina ganuwar teku tare da amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai da turɓaya daga bakin teku ya haifar da matsala tare da matsin bakin teku a yankunan Italiya.<ref name=":13" /> Matsewar bakin teku shine lalacewa da asarar yanayin halittu da wuraren zama saboda tsarin da mutane suka yi musamman a bakin tekun inda aka hana tsarin halitta na "ƙetare ƙasa" wanda ya haifar da hauhawar matakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2021 |title=What is coastal squeeze? |url=https://www.gov.uk/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-research-reports/what-is-coastal-squeeze |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> Rugujewar Marmolada serac ta 2022 ta haifar da canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Italy glacier tragedy has 'everything to do' with climate change |url=https://euobserver.com/green-economy/155431 |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=EUobserver |language=en}}</ref> === Biodiversity === Karin yanayin zafi da sama mai yawa babbar barazana ce ga wasu nau'o'in a duk faɗin duniya. A Italiya Karin zafin jiki, musamman a lokacin rani, ya kawo fari mai yawa wanda ke barazana ga bambancin halittu a cikin yanayin halittu daban-daban.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=IUCN, 2013a, Italy's Biodiversity at Risk. A Call for Action |url=https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/content/documents/italy_s_biodiversity_at_risk_fact_sheet_may_2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105193349/https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/content/documents/italy_s_biodiversity_at_risk_fact_sheet_may_2013.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2021 |access-date=25 July 2022 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature}}</ref> fari yana rage ingancin ruwa, kwarara, da wadata wanda zai iya zama matsala ga nau'in ruwa mai laushi da amphibians.<ref name=":10"/> Har ila yau, fari yana ƙara haɗarin gobarar daji wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar yanayin halittu kuma ya haifar da raguwar halittu masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Italian wildfires 'three times worse' than average as heatwave continues |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20220627/heatwave-italian-wildfires-already-three-times-worse-than-average/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=The Local Italy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Blašković |first=Teo |date=2021-07-27 |title=Thousands of animals perish, 1 500 people evacuate as massive wildfires ravage Sardinia, Italy |url=https://watchers.news/2021/07/27/sardinia-wildfires-italy-july-2021/ |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=The Watchers |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Fayil:Acipenser_naccarii.001_-_Aquarium_Finisterrae.jpg|thumb|Sturgeon na Adriatic yana daya daga cikin nau'o'in da ke cikin haɗari a Italiya.]] Saboda dalilai na ɗan adam a duk faɗin duniya an sami raguwa a cikin yanayin halittu da ingancin muhalli wani lokacin yana haifar da raguwar damuwa a cikin [[Biodiversity|bambancin halittu]]. A cikin yanayin Italiya ana barazana ga bambancin halittu amma ba a cikin mafi munin yanayin ba. Italiya tana da nau'ikan dabbobi da shuke-shuke 67,500 daban-daban wanda ya kai kusan kashi 43% na dukkan nau'ikan Turai.<ref name=":142">{{Cite web |date=May 2013 |title=IUCN, 2013a, Italy's Biodiversity at Risk. A Call for Action |url=https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/content/documents/italy_s_biodiversity_at_risk_fact_sheet_may_2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105193349/https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/content/documents/italy_s_biodiversity_at_risk_fact_sheet_may_2013.pdf |archive-date=5 November 2021 |access-date=25 July 2022 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature}}</ref> Kimanin 0.1% na jinsunan Italiya sun ƙare, 2% suna cikin haɗari, 3% suna cikin haɗarin haɗari, kuma 5% suna da rauni tun daga 2013. Rashin mazaunin, raguwar yanayin halittu, da lalacewar muhalli duk manyan barazana ne ga bambancin halittu a Italiya da kuma ko'ina cikin Turai. Gidajen da ke cikin haɗari mafi girma a Italiya sune wuraren da ke da ruwa, wuraren shrubs, wuraren duwatsu, da gandun daji.<ref name=":142" /> Birane yana daya daga cikin manyan damuwa ga bambancin halittu yayin da yake raguwa da lalata yanayin halittu. Italiya tana girma sosai kuma kwanan nan tana canza ƙasar noma zuwa ƙasar birni. Akwai dokar da aka zartar (Contenimento del consumo del suolo) a cikin 2016 duk da haka wannan yana da burin rage birni na ƙasa da ƙoƙarin samun wannan juyin juya halin zuwa 0% nan da shekara ta 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivardiganapini |first=Cecilia |date=2020-06-19 |title=Land Being Lost to Urbanization: A Threat to Biodiversity in Italy |url=https://www.climatescorecard.org/2020/06/land-being-lost-to-urbanization-a-threat-to-biodiversity-in-italy/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=Climate Scorecard |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane == A Italiya, ana jin [[tasirin canjin yanayi]], tare da tasiri da yawa akan tattalin arziki, ababen more rayuwa, kiwon lafiya da ƙaurawar yanayi. === Tasirin Tattalin Arziki === An lura da raguwar 15% a cikin samar da ruwan inabi a shekara ta 2018, kodayake ƙasar ita ce babbar mai samar da ruwan sha a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=country statistics |url=https://www.oiv.int/fr/statistiques/?year=2019&countryCode=ITA |website=OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine)}}</ref> Abubuwan da suka faru masu tsanani kamar ambaliyar ruwa da gobara sun haifar da asarar gaske ga aikin gona, kuma sun haifar da na ƙasar noma ya ɓace cikin shekaru 25. A cikin 2021, an yi rikodin asarar kashi 25% na [[shinkafa]], 10% na alkama da 15% na 'ya'yan itace. An kiyasta wannan asarar a kusan Yuro biliyan 14 a cikin 2018 kuma yana hasashen ga wasu yankuna raguwar 25% a cikin GDP (Gross Domestic Product) ta hanyar 2080.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=10 February 2022 |title=Clima: inverno pazzo con +0,55 gradi e piogge dimezzate |url=https://www.coldiretti.it/ambiente-e-sviluppo-sostenibile/clima-inverno-pazzo-con-055-gradi-e-piogge-dimezzate |website=coldiretti |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428215737/https://www.coldiretti.it/ambiente-e-sviluppo-sostenibile/clima-inverno-pazzo-con-055-gradi-e-piogge-dimezzate |url-status=dead }}</ref>  Wutar tana da tasiri ga amfanin gona, amma kuma a bangaren katako, yana kara karancin cinikayya na bangaren kat katako. Rashin ba ya tsayawa a can, idan muka yi la'akari da farashin nan da nan na halakawa da sake farfadowa da kuma farashin sake ginawa na dogon lokaci, wuta za ta kashe Italiyanci kusan Yuro dubu goma a kowace hekta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2022 |title=Fao: in Italia 11 mln di ettari di foreste da difendere |url=https://www.coldiretti.it/ambiente-e-sviluppo-sostenibile/fao-in-italia-11-mln-di-ettari-di-foreste-da-difendere |website=Coldiretti |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819082704/https://www.coldiretti.it/ambiente-e-sviluppo-sostenibile/fao-in-italia-11-mln-di-ettari-di-foreste-da-difendere |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saboda matsanancin abubuwan da suka faru, ambaliyar ruwa ta kara fuskantar barazanar biranen Italiya kuma za su haifar da lalacewa, kayan aiki da mutum, kusan Yuro biliyan 1.6 a kowace shekara ta 2050.<ref name=":5"/> A cewar Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai, lalacewar tattalin arziki da ta haifar da mummunan abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin 1980 da 2020 ya haifar da asarar Yuro biliyan 90 ga Italiya, kuma ya karfafa rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki da ke cikin kasar. Tsinkaya na gaba sun kiyasta farashin tasirin canjin yanayi daga 0.5% zuwa 8% na GDP a ƙarshen karni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic losses from climate-related extremes in Europe |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/ims/economic-losses-from-climate-related |website=european environment agency}}</ref> === Tasirin kiwon lafiya === {{Excerpt|Climate change litigation|Italy|subsections=yes}}Lalle ne, karuwar zafin jiki, maida hankali ga ozone ko ƙura mai kyau, musamman a cikin birane, zai kara mutuwar daga cututtukan zuciya, bugun jini, rikice-rikice na metabolism <ref name="Al-Kindi">{{Cite journal |last=Al-Kindi |first=Sadeer G. |last2=Brook |first2=Robert D. |last3=Biswal |first3=Shyam |last4=Rajagopalan |first4=Sanjay |date=October 2020 |title=Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease: lessons learned from air pollution |journal=Nature Reviews Cardiology |volume=17 |issue=10 |pages=656–672 |doi=10.1038/s41569-020-0371-2 |pmc=7492399 |pmid=32382149}}</ref> da nephropathy, saboda damuwa ta zafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glaser |first=Jason |last2=Lemery |first2=Jay |last3=Rajagopalan |first3=Balaji |last4=Diaz |first4=Henry F. |last5=García-Trabanino |first5=Ramón |last6=Taduri |first6=Gangadhar |last7=Madero |first7=Magdalena |last8=Amarasinghe |first8=Mala |last9=Abraham |first9=Georgi |last10=Anutrakulchai |first10=Sirirat |last11=Jha |first11=Vivekanand |last12=Stenvinkel |first12=Peter |last13=Roncal-Jimenez |first13=Carlos |last14=Lanaspa |first14=Miguel A. |last15=Correa-Rotter |first15=Ricardo |date=8 August 2016 |title=Climate Change and the Emergent Epidemic of CKD from Heat Stress in Rural Communities: The Case for Heat Stress Nephropathy |journal=Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=1472–1483 |doi=10.2215/CJN.13841215 |pmc=4974898 |pmid=27151892}}</ref> Wannan tasirin yana iya shafar mutanen da ke fama da rauni kamar tsofaffi, yara, mata masu juna biyu da mutanen da ke da cututtukan da ba su da inganci, kuma yana fadada rashin daidaito a cikin kiwon lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate change 2014, impacts, adaptation and vulnerability |url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf |website=IPCC}}</ref> Hawan yanayin zafi da raƙuman zafi suna ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa a kowace shekara a Italiya, wanda ya sa Italiya ta kirkiro Hasashen Ruwa na Ruwa da Gargadi. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta kafa sanarwar Heat Wave Warning and Forecasting System (HHWWS), wani lokaci kafin guguwar zafi ta Turai ta 2022.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Ondata di calore estesa in tutta Italia |url=https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/caldo/dettaglioNotizieCaldo.jsp?lingua=italiano&menu=notizie&p=dalministero&id=3442 |website=Ministero della Salute }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Canjin yanayi ya haifar da tasiri da yawa, kuma ana iya nuna wannan ta hanyar Climate Risk Index 2020 ranking wanda ke ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin 1999 da 2018. Nazarin ya tsara tasirin canjin yanayi dangane da asarar tattalin arziki, asarar GDP da mutuwar.<ref name=":6"/> A cikin matsayi wanda ya rubuta mafi yawan mutuwar da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi mai tsanani, Italiya ita ce ƙasa ta 6 a duniya kuma ta farko a Turai tare da kusan mutane 20,000 da ke mutuwa saboda ambaliyar ruwa da raƙuman zafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=GLOBAL CLIMATE RISK INDEX 2020 |url=https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/default/files/20-2-01e%20Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202020_14.pdf |journal=Germanwatch}}</ref> === Tasirin gidaje === Abubuwan da suka fi haifar da lalacewa sune ambaliyar ruwa kamar Acqua alta a cikin 2019, wanda ya mamaye birnin [[Venezia|Venice]] a ƙarƙashin ruwa, ambaliyar gidaje kuma ya bar su ba tare da wutar lantarki ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001 |title=Wind, Depression and Seiches: Tidal Perturbations in Venice (1950–2000) |url=https://www.comune.venezia.it/sites/comune.venezia.it/files/documenti/centro_maree/bibliografia/Venti_depressioni_e_sesse_ridotto.pdf}}</ref> Har ila yau, abubuwan tarihi sun shafi, kamar Basilica na St Mark, wanda ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye a karo na biyu a kasa da shekara daya da rabi, yayin da wannan ya faru sau hudu kawai a cikin shekaru 1,200 da suka gabata. Wadannan ambaliyar ruwa sun sanya ƙasa da bene na gidajen Venice sun yi yawa don zama a ciki. A cikin 2021, kusa da Tafkin Como, a arewacin Italiya, mummunan yanayi ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga garuruwan da ke kusa. Ruwan sama ya sa tafkin ya cika bakin kogin, wanda hakan ya haifar da mummunar lalacewa, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, rushewar ƙasa da jigilar duwatsu, bishiyoyi har ma da motoci ta hanyar ƙarfin rafin laka, yana lalata duk abin da ke cikin hanyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=La piena del Po minaccia 1/3 produzione agricola |url=https://www.coldiretti.it/economia/la-piena-dle-po-minaccia-13-produzione-agricola |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=22 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222023615/https://www.coldiretti.it/economia/la-piena-dle-po-minaccia-13-produzione-agricola |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Tasirin da ke tattare da ƙaura === {{Reflist}} Venice, wanda yake daya daga cikin biranen Italiya da tasirin canjin yanayi ya fi shafa, ya ga yawan jama'arta ya ragu a tsawon shekaru. A shekara ta 1966, yawan jama'a ya kai 121,000, yayin da tsinkaya don ƙarshen 2022 ya nuna cewa birnin na iya fada ƙasa da mazauna 50,000. Ginin kankara na Planpincieux ma yana cikin labarai, tare da mita 500,000 na kankara yana barazanar rushewa saboda yanayin zafi da ya buga yankin Aosta Valley a cikin 2020, shekara guda bayan irin wannan gargadi. Dole ne a kwashe mutane 75 ta hanyar kare farar hula na Italiya, gami da mazauna da yawa. A cewar hukumomi, na kasar ya zama hamada, kuma a shekara ta 2100, 5,000 km2 zai ƙare a ƙarƙashin ruwa saboda hauhawar matakan teku wanda ke haifar da ƙaurawar yanayi.  == Ragewa da daidaitawa == === Manufofin da dokoki === Kamar kusan kowace ƙasa Italiya wani ɓangare ne na [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] don [[Rage canjin yanayi|iyakance canjin yanayi]]. Gudummawar da Italiya ta ƙuduri a ƙasa ita ce ta rage hayakin ta da kashi 33% nan da shekara ta 2030, kuma ta kasance mai tsaka-tsaki da carbon nan da shekara de 2050. <ref>{{Cite web |title=EU First NDC (Updated submission) |url=https://unfccc.int/documents/497596 |access-date=2022-07-12 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Italiya a halin yanzu tana samar da kashi 11% na fitar da iskar gas ta Tarayyar Turai, amma sun sami raguwar kasashe membobin tun shekara ta 2005.<ref name=":3"/> Dukkanin bangarorin tattalin arziki sun rage gudummawarsu ga hayaki, amma tare da noma yana nuna mafi ƙanƙanta raguwa. Italiya ta shekara ta 2020 ta rage hayakin ta da kashi 13% idan aka kwatanta da 2005.<ref name=":3" /> An sabunta tsarin dokokin Italiya don gandun daji a cikin 2018, wanda ya sanya sabbin jagororin da shirye-shirye don daidaita gwamnatocin yanki, don kafa manufofin kasa. Manufar ita ce kara ayyukan yanayin halittu na gandun daji yayin da carbon ke nutsewa, kuma a lokaci guda samun kayayyakin katako masu mahimmanci. Saboda haka dokar ta jaddada kula da gandun daji mai ɗorewa. Farawa daga 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, sauye-sauyen amfani da ƙasa a Italiya an yi niyyar kara yawan yankin gandun daji na yanzu wanda ke rufe kusan kashi 31% na yankin ƙasar Italiya.<ref name=":3"/> A cikin 2020 Italiya ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta tilasta ilimi kan canjin yanayi, amma makarantu sun yi ƙoƙari su aiwatar da shi saboda annobar COVID-19. === Hanyoyi === Don rage [[Canjin yanayi]], Italiya ta mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da sabuntawa da ingantaccen makamashi. Coal a matsayin tushen makamashi an saita za a kashe shi a shekara ta 2025.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Lombardini |first=Massimo |date=February 2021 |title=Italy's Energy and Climate Policies in the Post COVID-19 Recovery |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/memo_lombardini_italy_necp_in_an_european_context_fev_2021.pdf |access-date=25 July 2022 |publisher=Ifri Center for Energy & Climate |archive-date=16 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816170607/https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/memo_lombardini_italy_necp_in_an_european_context_fev_2021.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kashi na sabuntawa a cikin yawan amfani da makamashi na ƙarshe an yi niyya don ƙaruwa zuwa 30% nan da 2030, tare da jaddada iska da hasken rana. Italiya tana shirin kara yawan samar da makamashi na hasken rana sau uku, da kuma ninka ikon iska sau biyu, biyo bayan sabuntawar sel da turbines na baya don sabon, mafi inganci, fasaha.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=June 2021 |title=Climate Action in Italy. Latest State of Play |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/690663/EPRS_BRI(2021)690663_EN.pdf |access-date=25 July 2022 |publisher=European Parliamentary Research Service}}</ref> An yi niyyar samar da 55% na jimlar amfani da wutar lantarki a Italiya shekara ta 2030, wanda ya dace da 187 TWh daga cikin 340 TWh.<ref name=":4"/> Don cimma wannan, ƙarfin hasken rana dole ne ya karu daga 19 zuwa 52 GW, da kuma ikon iska daga 10 zuwa 19 GW.<ref name=":4" /> Amfani da tushen makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin sufuri an saita shi ya kai kashi 22% nan da shekara ta 2030.<ref name=":3"/> Gwamnatin Italiya ta sanya tallafi da ka'idoji ga bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu don sabunta jiragen sufuri. Manufar ita ce ta kai motocin lantarki miliyan 4 da motocin hybrid miliyan 2 nan da shekara ta 2030, da kuma kara amfani da man fetur masu inganci kamar su biomethane saboda yawan kayan aikin gas na Italiya.<ref name=":3" /> Dangane da shirin farfadowa da juriya na ƙasar Italiya, kimanin lempiras 43 an ware su don ayyukan ci gaban ababen more rayuwa kamar inganta hanyoyin sadarwa na jirgin ƙasa da sauran sufuri na jama'a, da kuma ƙaddamar da al'umma gaba ɗaya da gidaje masu ƙarancin fitarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2021 |title=Italia Domani. Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza |url=https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/PNRR.pdf |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=Governo |language=it}}</ref> === Shari'a === {{Italy topics}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Yanayin Italiya]] * Motocin lantarki a Italiya == Manazarta == {{Climate change regions|state=expanded}}{{Italy topics}}{{Climate change regions|state=expanded}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2bubzgzomw61sd015khzxq7i4vgmhw8 0 113003 839489 704951 2026-05-23T20:52:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839489 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar sadarwar radar yanayi ta Kanada''' ta ƙunshi radar yanayi 33 da suka mamaye mafi yawan yankuna na Kanada. Babban manufar su shine farkon gano [[Yayafi|hazo]], motsinsa da kuma barazanar da yake haifarwa ga rayuwa da dukiya. Kowane yana da kewayon {{Convert|256|km}} har zuwa 2018 a cikin radius a kusa da rukunin yanar gizon don gano [[Reflectivity|tunani]], kusurwoyi 3 tare da kewayon {{Convert|128|km}}, don gano yanayin saurin gudu ( [[Doppler effect|Tasirin Doppler]] ), da ƙarin tsayin tsayi har zuwa {{Convert|240|km}} a ƙananan kusurwar tsayi amma [[Weather radar#Doppler dilemma|an naɗe shi]] da ƙarfi ko kuma [[Aliasing|an haɗa shi]] (inda matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici mara ma'ana (± Vmax) bai kai cikakken kewayon saurin da ake aunawa wanda ke haifar da nunawa wasu tare da ƙimar da ba daidai ba <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maximum unambiguous velocity |url=https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Maximum_unambiguous_velocity |access-date=2021-01-30 |website=Glossary |publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]}}</ref> ). Sabunta hanyar sadarwa, daga 2018 zuwa 2023, tare da sabbin radar S-Band yana kawo waɗannan lambobi bi da bi zuwa {{Convert|300|km}} don tunani da {{Convert|240|km}} don cikakken ɗaukar hoto na Doppler. <ref name="Selex">{{Cite web |title=METEOR 1700S Weather Radar |url=https://electronics.leonardo.com/documents/16277707/18389918/METEOR+1700S_17071035102_EN.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006075503/http://www.de.selex-es.com/documents/16243296/30914095/Kopie+von+Selex-ES-METEOR-1700S.pdf |archive-date=October 6, 2018 |access-date=October 5, 2018 |website=www.leonardocompany.com |publisher=Leonardo (SELEX ES) |language=en}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari kuma, sababbin radars suna dual-polarized wanda ke nufin ana iya ƙididdige nau'in hazo kai tsaye. Tun daga watan Yuni 2021, za a tsawaita wasu kewayon radars zuwa {{Convert|400|km}} a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci kusurwar bayanan tunani. <ref name="longrange">{{Cite web |last=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]] |date=June 3, 2021 |title=General Notice (GENOT) announcing 400km range. |url=https://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2021/06/03/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |publisher=Government of Canada |language=fr, en}}</ref> An yi niyya don haɓaka kewayon don samar da masu hasashen yanayi a [[Yanayi.g.ca|Sabis na yanayi na Kanada]], wani ɓangare na [[Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada|Muhalli da Canjin Canjin Kanada]], tare da bayanan radar yayin da ake maye gurbin radars kusa da zama wani ɓangare na sabuntawa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Environment and Climate Change |date=2014-07-03 |title=Radar outages and maintenance |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/weather-general-tools-resources/radar-overview/outages-maintenance.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910212801/https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/weather-general-tools-resources/radar-overview/outages-maintenance.html |archive-date=2021-09-10 |access-date=2021-09-10 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 29 ga Yuni 2022, wani aikin matukin jirgi ya ba wa masu amfani da waje damar samun albarkatun ɗanyen bayanai, mai yuwuwa gami da 400&nbsp;km data. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Edouard |first=Sandrine |date=2022-06-29 |title=Projet pilote de dissémination de données radar sur HPFX // Radar data dissemination pilot project on HPFX |url=https://lists.ec.gc.ca/pipermail/dd_info/2022-June/000529.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418010054/https://lists.ec.gc.ca/pipermail/dd_info/2022-June/000529.html |archive-date=2023-04-18 |language=fr, en}}</ref> == Tarihi == Bincike a cikin radar yanayi a [[Kanada]] ya fara ne a ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na biyu tare da "Yanayin Guguwar Project". Bayan yakin, JS Marshall ya ci gaba da aiki a Jami'ar McGill tare da "Rukunin Yanayi na Stormy". <ref>{{Cite web |year=2000 |title=Stormy Weather Group |url=http://www.radar.mcgill.ca/who-we-are/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185139/http://www.radar.mcgill.ca/who-we-are/history.html |archive-date=2011-07-06 |access-date=2006-06-15 |website=[[McGill University]]}}</ref> Ta haka ne aka kafa hanyar sadarwar Kanada a hankali kuma ta hanyar 1997, akwai radars na yanayi na 19 na nau'i [[Tashar radar ta King City|biyu]] a duk fadin kasar: 18 radars na centimeters biyar (C-Band) da 1 goma centimeter wavelength (S-Band) a McGill, duk radars sun gano alamun bayyanar amma kawai Carvel (Ed) McTomon (Gillton) sanye take da damar Doppler. [[Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada|Muhalli Kanada]] ta sami izini a cikin 1998 don haɓaka hanyar sadarwar zuwa daidaitattun Doppler kuma don ƙara ƙarin radars 12 tare da halayen aiki waɗanda ke fitowa daga [[Tashar radar ta King City|tashar radar yanayi ta King City]] (CWKR), radar bincike na Muhalli Kanada. Duk da haka, radar McGill (a JS Marshall Radar Observatory ), yayin da yake cikin cibiyar sadarwa, [[Jami'ar McGill]] ce ta mallaka. Bincike ne da kuma radar aiki kuma an gyara shi da kansa. Tashoshin Jimmy Lake da Lac Castor mallakar Ma'aikatar Tsaro (DND) ne kuma ke sarrafa su, waɗannan kuma wani ɓangare ne na hanyar sadarwar. A cikin Fabrairu 2017, Ministan Muhalli da Canjin yanayi, Catherine McKenna, ya sanar da sanya hannu kan kwangilar dala miliyan 83 tare da ''Selex ES'' (tsohon reshen Leonardo SpA wanda aka sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin Leonardo Electronics) don siyan sabbin radars 20 tare da mafi kyawun fasahar zamani ( S band da polarized biyu ) don sabunta hanyar sadarwa. <ref name="Ministre">{{Cite web |last=Environment and Climate Change Canada |author-link=Environment and Climate Change Canada |date=February 27, 2017 |title=The Government of Canada invests to modernize weather-forecasting infrastructure |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/news/2017/02/the_government_ofcanadainveststomodernizeweather-forecastinginfr.html |access-date=April 6, 2017 |website=Press release |publisher=Government of Canada |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Explination">{{Cite web |last=Environment and Climate Change Canada |author-link=Environment and Climate Change Canada |date=February 27, 2017 |title=Replacing Canada's weather-radar network |url=https://www.canada.ca/fr/environnement-changement-climatique/nouvelles/2017/02/remplacement_du_reseaucanadienderadarsmeteorologiques.html |access-date=April 6, 2017 |website=Press release |publisher=Government of Canada |language=en |archive-date=April 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405072019/https://www.canada.ca/fr/environnement-changement-climatique/nouvelles/2017/02/remplacement_du_reseaucanadienderadarsmeteorologiques.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> tare da kwangilar da ke dauke da zaɓuɓɓuka don maye gurbin duk radar a cikin Cibiyar Radar Weather Canada, ta Maris 31, 2023. An shigar da radar farko a Radisson, SK a cikin fall na 2017. An shigar da radar na biyu a lokacin rani na 2018 a Blainville a cikin yankin [[Montréal|Montreal]] don maye gurbin tsufa McGill ra. 2018 kuma ya ga radar maye gurbin a Foxwarren MB, Timmins ON (kusa da Smooth Rock Falls), da kuma Ruhu River AB da 19 na sababbin radar sun kasance a wurin a ƙarshen 2020 tare da sauran an maye gurbinsu ta hanyar 2023. Za a shigar da ƙarin radar a cikin Lower Athabasca yankin a Alberta. A cikin Yuni 2021, don tabbatar da ci gaba da ɗaukar radar a wasu yankuna yayin da ake maye gurbin radars, yawancin radars sun tsawaita kewayon su zuwa {{Convert|400|km}} a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci kusurwar bayanan tunani. Irin waɗannan yankuna sun haɗa da yankin [[Edmonton]] da yankin kudu maso yammacin Newfoundland . <ref name="longrange"/> <ref name=":0"/> == Halayen kafin 2018 == * McGill radar (a JS Marshall Radar Observatory ): <ref name="WMN">{{Cite web |last=J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory |author-link=J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory |year=2010 |title=McGill S-band radar |url=http://www.radar.mcgill.ca/facilities/mcgill-radar.html |access-date=2011-09-19 |publisher=[[McGill University]] |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706185133/http://www.radar.mcgill.ca/facilities/mcgill-radar.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ** 9m (30&nbsp;ƙafa) eriya diamita. ** Yana amfani da klystron don samar da siginar tsawon tsayin 10&nbsp;cm. (S-Band) ** Doppler tun 1993 kuma an ƙara polarization dual a cikin 1999. * [[Tashar radar ta King City|tashar radar yanayi ta King City]] ** Wannan radar bincike shine ainihin WSR-98A (duba ƙasa) wanda aka haɓaka tare da iyawar polarization biyu a cikin 2004. * Sauran hanyoyin sadarwa: ** Radar data kasance suna da eriya daga masana'anta guda biyu: Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) da Raytheon . ** wasu daga cikin radars na yanzu suna da eriya wanda ''Andrew Canada'' ya samar. Tare da diamita kusan ninki biyu na tsofaffi; an inganta kudurori da adadin guda. ** Yi amfani da 5.6&nbsp;cm tsayin motsin magnetrons . (C-Band) ** Tsarin ya sami haske da bayanan Doppler tare da ''Sigmet Radar Data Systems'', yanzu wani ɓangare na Vaisala Oyj. ** Kowace radar a cikin hanyar sadarwa za a kira shi WSR-98E, WSR-98R ko WSR-98A don Radar Kula da Yanayi - 1998 (na shekarar farkon shirin) da harafin farko na mai sana'a na Pedestal / Eriya (Kasuwanci, Raytheon ko Andrew). ** Antennas na mita 3.6 a diamita don radar inabin kafin 1998 da 6.1 m don sababbi. ** Tsawon bugun bugun jini da mitar maimaituwar bugun jini daidaitacce. Tsawon bugun jini 0.8,1.6 da 2.0 <math>\mu</math> s. Mitar maimaita bugun jini (PRF) 250&nbsp;Hz da Dual PRF (Yanayin Doppler) 1190/1200&nbsp;Hz. <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Fayil:Radar_dome.jpg|alt=Tower and radome of McGill radar (CWMN).| Hasumiya da radome na McGill radar (CWMN). Fayil:Radar_météorologique_de_Villeroy_EC.JPG|alt=Villeroy radar (a WSR-98E), 75 km southwest of Quebec City : tower and radome to the left, transmitter and receiver in the building on the right.| Villeroy radar (a WSR-98E), 75&nbsp;km kudu maso yammacin [[Kebek (birni)|birnin Quebec]] : hasumiya da radome zuwa hagu, watsawa da mai karɓa a cikin ginin da ke hannun dama. Fayil:Canadian_weather_radar_station_CXSS.jpg|alt=Station CXSS (a WSR-98A) at Silver Star Mountain.| Tashar CXSS (a WSR-98A) a Dutsen Silver Star . Fayil:CXLA_Radar_Landrienne_Juin_2019.jpg|alt=Station CXLA, a WSR-98R, of Landrienne in June 2019 with the base of its replacement in front.| Tashar CXLA, WSR-98R, na Landrienne a watan Yuni 2019 tare da tushen maye gurbinsa a gaba. </gallery> == Dabarar dubawa == Saboda cibiyar sadarwar tana amfani da radar C band, dole ne a yi amfani da sasantawa (duba Doppler dilemma ) tsakanin matsakaicin kewayon nuni da matsakaicin saurin da ba shubuha ba. Ainihin dabarar dubawa (2006) ta kasu kashi biyu daban-daban a cikin mintuna 10: * Zagayowar al'ada: An duba kusurwoyi masu tsayi 24 a cikin mintuna 5 don samun ra'ayi mai girma uku na yanayi tsakanin 256&nbsp;km na radar a cikin tunani. * Zagayowar Doppler: Kusurwoyi 4 da aka bincika a cikin tunani da saurin gudu, uku na farko a cikin kewayon 128&nbsp;km kuma na karshe a cikin 256&nbsp;km. Ana amfani da wannan sake zagayowar don gano yiwuwar jujjuyawar ƙananan sikelin da juzu'i a cikin yanayin iska da kuma babban sikelin zagayawa. Bayanan saurin gudu kuma yana taimakawa wajen tace kayan tarihi a cikin abin da ke haskakawa kamar sautin murya na ƙasa. Radar McGill yana amfani da mai watsa S-band maimakon mai watsa C-band don samun abubuwan haskakawa da saurin gudu yayin kowane kusurwoyi na tsayinsa 24 tare da lokacin zagayowar mintuna 5 iri ɗaya. <ref name="WMN"/> == Aikin zamani == Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada ta karɓi kuɗin daga Hukumar Baitulmali a cikin 2011 don aiwatar da babban aikin zamani mai suna 'WES (Sabis ɗin Yanayi da Muhalli) Sabuntawa' don haɓakawa zuwa daidaitawa biyu duk Radar Kanada a cikin tsare-tsaren shekaru biyar daban daban. Cikakkar daidaitawar hanyar sadarwa da warware matsalolin tsarin su ma wani bangare ne na wannan babban yunƙuri na Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada. Shekaru biyar na farko sun mayar da hankali kan haɓakawa da daidaita abubuwan da ke akwai. Sa'an nan kuma za a maye gurbin duk radar yanayi na Kanada tare da radar polarization biyu tsakanin 2017 da 2023. An shigar da sabon radar, mallakar ECCC da sarrafa shi a Blainville (kusa da Montreal) don maye gurbin amfani da radar McGill. Kazalika, za a shigar da sabon radar a yankin Lower Athabasca. <ref name="EN-20122">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |date=January 25, 2012 |title=Weather Monitoring Infrastructure |url=http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=592AB94B-1&news=06F87D0A-4EC0-41F2-99EE-729855FCEA65 |access-date=October 29, 2012 |website=Environnement Canada}}</ref> Sabbin radars su ne Leonardo METEOR 1700S (wanda Selex ES ke sayar da shi a baya) wanda ke da cikakken Doppler da kuma dual polarized : <ref name="Selex"/> * Nau'in watsawa : Klystron * Yawan: 2.7 - 2.9&nbsp;GHz * Mitar maimaita bugun jini (PRF): 250 - 2000&nbsp;Hz * Tsawon bugun jini (τ): 0.4 μs ... 4.5 μs * Mafi girman iko: 750&nbsp;kW * Doppler kewayon: 240&nbsp;km * Matsakaicin Matsala ta al'ada: 300&nbsp;km * iyakar iyaka: 600&nbsp;km * Ƙaddamar da sauri : ± 146&nbsp;m/s * Diamita na Eriya: 8.5 m * Nisa : <1° * Juyawa: 6 min ^-1 <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Fayil:CASBV_radar_de_Blainville_bis.jpg|alt=New METEOR 1700S in Blainville, Quebec.| Sabon METEOR 1700S a Blainville, Quebec . Fayil:CASBV_radar_de_Blainville_klystron.jpg|alt=Transmitter's klystron.| Klystron mai watsawa . Fayil:CASBV_radar_de_Blainville_processeur_bis.jpg| Radar processor. Fayil:CASBV_radar_de_Blainville_antenne_et_piédestale.jpg|alt=Antenna and pedestal.| Eriya da kafa . Fayil:CASBV_radar_de_Blainville_cône_d'alimentation.jpg|alt=Antenna and feed horn.| Eriya da kahon ciyarwa . </gallery>Waɗannan sabbin radar S-Band suna ba da ƙarin sassauci akan radar C-Band da suka gabata. Dabarun duban kusurwoyi na 17 an duba su a cikin mintuna 6, kuma sabon fasalin-polarization yana ba da: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Meteorological Service of Canada |author-link=Meteorological Service of Canada |year=2018 |title=Modernizing Canada's weather-radar network |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/weather-general-tools-resources/radar-overview/modernizing-network.html |access-date=October 29, 2018 |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> * Dual polarization zai ba da damar mafi kyawun bambance nau'in hazo ( [[ruwan sama]], dusar ƙanƙara, ƙanƙara da ruwan sama mai daskarewa ), abubuwan da ba na halitta da waɗanda ba na halitta ba kamar tsuntsaye, kwari, ƙaya, da sa hannun tarkacen guguwa . * Za a tsawaita kewayon saurin radial (Kewayon Doppler) zuwa {{Convert|240|km|mi}}, daga {{Convert|120|km|mi}}, ba da izinin ingantaccen lokacin jagora a cikin bayar da faɗakarwar yanayi da mafi kyawun ɗaukar hoto na radar tare da sauran radar da ke kusa. Tun daga ranar 15 ga Yuni, 2021, wasu daga cikin radars na S-band suna da gyara dabarun dubawa. : ƙaramin matakin matakin digiri na 0.3 zai yi amfani da ƙaramin PRF don ƙaddamar da kewayon sa zuwa 400&nbsp;km a cikin tunani yayin da za a kawar da kusurwa na tsakiya a cikin sake zagayowar don taimakawa wajen ɗaukar radar. <ref name="longrange"/> == Jerin radar == Tsarin zamani na farko ya fara ne a cikin faɗuwar 1998 tare da buɗe radar Bethune kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2004 tare da wanda ke Timmins. Canjin C-band 250&nbsp;kW Magnetron single-pol radars tare da S-band 1MW Klystron dual-pol radars sun fara a cikin 2017 tare da rukunin Radisson kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2023 tare da Halfmoon Peak site. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=The National Radar Program |url=http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/projects/nrp/index_e.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615050828/http://www.msc-smc.ec.gc.ca/projects/nrp/index_e.cfm |archive-date=2006-06-15 |access-date=2006-06-15 |website=[[Environment Canada]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+'''Canadian Weather Radar Network'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]] |date=2022-04-06 |title=List of weather radars in Canada |url=https://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/cmc/cmos/public_doc/msc-data/obs_radar/radars_list.pdf |access-date=2022-08-10 |publisher=[[Environment and Climate Change Canada]]}}</ref> |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !Site !Location !Province !Coordinates !ID/call sign !Band !Type !Callsign meaning !Notes |- |Aldergrove |[[Vancouver]] |[[British Columbia]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|49.01662|-122.48698|region:CA-BC_type:landmark}} |CASAG |S |METEOR 1700S |Aldergrove |New radar METEOR 1700S operational since September 7, 2021, replacing C-band CWUJ (WSR-98E). |- |[[Bethune, Saskatchewan|Bethune]] |[[Regina]] |Saskatchewan |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|50.57118|-105.18290|region:CA-QC_type:landmark}} |CASBE |S |METEOR 1700S |Bethune |New radar commissioned in August 2019 replacing 98A (XBE). A temporary mobile X-band radar was deployed during the upgrade. |- |Blainville |[[Montréal]] |[[Kebek (lardi)|Québec]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|45.70634|-73.85852|region:CA-QC_type:landmark}} |CASBV |S |METEOR 1700S |Blainville |New radar commissioned at the end of September 2018, replacing McGill radar (CWMN). |- |Britt |Georgian Bay |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|45.79317|-80.53385|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASBI |S |METEOR 1700S |Britt |New radar CASBI became operational on November 22, 2021, replacing the CWBI C-Band (WSR-98A). |- |Carvel |[[Edmonton]] |Alberta |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|53.56056|-114.14495|region:CA-AB_type:landmark}} |CASCV |S |METEOR 1700S |Carvel |The new radar S-Band replace CWHK (WSR-98E) since January 26, 2022 |- |Chipman |Central New Brunswick |New Brunswick |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|46.22232|-65.69924|region:CA-NB_type:landmark}} |CASCM |S |METEOR 1700S |Chipman |New radar commissioned in September 2019 replacing 98E (XNC) |- |Cold Lake |NW Saskatchewan / NE Alberta |Alberta |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|54.3785|-110.061378|region:CA-AB_type:landmark}} |CASCL |S |METEOR 1700S |Cold Lake |New radar commissioned on October 27, 2021, replacing the C-band 98E at Jimmy Lake (CWHN). |- |Dryden |Western Ontario |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|49.85823|-92.79698|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASDR |S |METEOR 1700S |Dryden |Replaced C-Band CXDR on September 3, in 2020. |- |Egbert (near [[Barrie]]) |Southern Ontario |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|44.2305662|-79.7803300}} |CASTS |S |METEOR 1700S |N/A |New radar site for research, training, and tests of material and software. It will be built at the [https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/science-technology/centres/ontario.html#care Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CERA)]. |- |Exeter |Southwestern Ontario |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|43.37243|-81.38070|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASET |S |METEOR 1700S |Exeter |New radar commissioned in November 2019 replacing 98A (WSO) |- |Fort McMurray |Northeastern Alberta |Alberta |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|56.375642|-111.215177|region:CA-AL_type:landmark}} |CASFM |S |METEOR 1700S |Fort McMurray |New radar site commissioned on September 26, 2022, around {{Nowrap|40 km}} South of Fort McMurray. |- |Foxwarren |Eastern Saskatchewan/Western Manitoba |Manitoba |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|50.54887|-101.08570|region:CA-MB_type:landmark}} |CASFW |S |METEOR 1700S |Foxwarren |Radar commissioned in September 2018, replacing CXFW, a C-band radar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grimes |date=August 27, 2020 |title=NOCN01 CWAO 201622 |url=http://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2018/08/20/NOCN01_CWAO_201622___56970 |access-date=2020-12-29 |series=Genot |publisher=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]]}}</ref> A temporary mobile X-band radar was deployed during the upgrade until October 31, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grimes |date=June 11, 2020 |title=NOCN01 CWAO 281422 |url=http://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2018/05/28/NOCN01_CWAO_281422___35482 |access-date=2020-12-29 |series=Genot |publisher=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grimes |date=October 31, 2020 |title=NOCN01 CWAO 311823 |url=http://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2018/10/31/NOCN01_CWAO_311823___44453 |access-date=2020-12-29 |series=Genot |publisher=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]]}}</ref> |- |Franktown |Eastern Ontario |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|45.04101|-76.11617|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASFT |S |METEOR 1700S |Franktown |Radar commissioned in August 2021, replacing CXFT, a C-band radar. |- |Gore |Central Hants County |Nova Scotia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|45.09850|-63.70433|region:CA-NS_type:landmark}} |CASGO |S |METEOR 1700S |Gore |New radar METEOR 1700S operational since August 30, 2021, replacing C-band CXGO (WSR-98A). |- |Halfmoon Peak |Sechelt |[[British Columbia]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|49.527017|-123.853583|region:CA-BC_type:landmark}} |CASHP |S |METEOR 1700S |Halfmoon Peak |New radar site entered into service on August 21, 2023. This site replaces Mt Sicker (CXSI). Last S-band radar to be installed as part of the 2017-2023 network renewal.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Environment and Climate Change |date=2017-05-18 |title=Modernizing Canada's weather-radar network |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/weather-general-tools-resources/radar-overview/modernizing-network.html |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref> |- |Holyrood |Eastern Newfoundland |Newfoundland and Labrador |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.32644|-53.12658|region:CA-NL_type:landmark}} |CASHR |S |METEOR 1700S |Holyrood |Commissioned on October 13, 2020. Replaced the C-band (98E) CWTP. |- |[[Tashar radar ta King City|King City]] |Southern Ontario |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|43.96393|-79.57388|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASKR |S |METEOR 1700S |King City Radar |Commissioned on June 28, 2021, to replace the C-band (98A) CWKR. |- |Landrienne |Amos |Quebec |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|48.55136|-77.80809|region:CA-QC_type:landmark}} |CASLA |S |METEOR 1700S |Landrienne Amos |Radar commissioned in October 2019, replacing the previous 98R CXLA C-band radar. |- |Marble Mountain |Western Newfoundland |Newfoundland and Labrador |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|48.93028|-57.83417|region:CA-NL_type:landmark}} |CASMM |S |METEOR 1700S |Marble Mountain |Radar commissioned on October 31, 2022, replacing the previous 98A CXME C-band radar. |- |Marion Bridge |Southeastern Cape Breton County |Nova Scotia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|45.94972|-60.20521|region:CA-NS_type:landmark}} |CASMB |S |METEOR 1700S |Marion Bridge |Radar commissioned in October 2019, replacing the previous CXMB C-band radar. |- |Mont Apica |Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean |Québec |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.977908|-71.430833|region:CA-NS_type:landmark}} |CASMA |S |METEOR 1700S |Mont-Apica |New site commissioned January 23, 2023 and operational since February 6. It is replacing CWMB Lac Castor (98E C-band). |- |Montreal River |Sault Ste Marie |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|47.24773|-84.59652|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASMR |S |METEOR 1700S |Montreal River |Radar commissioned in November 2019, replacing the previous 98E WGJ C-band radar. |- |Mount Silver Star |Vernon |British Columbia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|50.36950|-119.06436|region:CA-BC_type:landmark}} |CASSS |S |METEOR 1700S |Silver Star |New radar METEOR, replacing CXSS (WSR-98A), operational since December 14, 2022. |- |Prince George |Northern B.C. |British Columbia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|53.61308|-122.95441|region:CA-BC_type:landmark}} |CASPG |S |METEOR 1700S |Prince George |New METEOR 1700S radar replaced the C-Band CXPG (WSR-98R) on December 19, 2022. |- |Radisson |[[Saskatoon]] |Saskatchewan |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|52.52048|-107.44269|region:CA-SK_type:landmark}} |CASRA |S |METEOR 1700S |Radisson |Radar commissioned in February 2018, replacing CXRA, a C-band radar. |- |Sainte-Françoise/<br /><br />(Villeroy) |Southwest of [[Kebek (birni)|Quebec City]] |Quebec |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|46.449556|-71.913831|region:CA-QC_type:landmark}} |CASSF |S |METEOR 1700S |Sainte-Françoise |Commissioned in November 2020, replacing the C-Band CWVY with no change of site but change of name from Villeroy to Sainte-Françoise, a closer geographical point. |- |Schuler |Medicine Hat |Alberta |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|50.31250|-110.19556|region:CA-AB_type:landmark}} |CASSU |S |METEOR 1700S |Schuler |Replaced the C-Band CXBU on September 8, 2020. |- |Smooth Rock Falls |Northeastern Ontario |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|49.28146|-81.79406|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASRF |S |METEOR 1700S |Smooth Rock Falls (The S in CASRF is for S-Band) |Initially known as Timmins CXTI, then Northeast Ontario. Finally Smooth Rock Falls with the dual polarization upgrade Commissioned in 2018/10. [http://dd.weather.gc.ca/radar/PRECIPET/GIF/CASRF/?C=M;O=D] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528133848/http://dd.weather.gc.ca/radar/PRECIPET/GIF/CASRF/?C=M;O=D |date=2022-05-28 }} |- |Spirit River |Grande Prairie |Alberta |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|55.69494|-119.23043|region:CA-AB_type:landmark}} |CASSR |S |METEOR 1700S |Spirit River |This radar was replaced in 2018 and commissioned in Feb 2019 replacing CWWW a C-band radar that had been in operation since 2001/10 |- |Strathmore |[[Calgary]] |Alberta |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|51.20613|-113.39937|region:CA-AB_type:landmark}} |CASSM |S |METEOR 1700S |Strathmore |Radar commissioned in November 2019, replacing the previous 98A (XSM) C-band radar. A temporary mobile X-band radar was deployed during the upgrade. |- |Superior West |Shuniah |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|48.595876|-89.100129|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CASSN |S |METEOR 1700S |ShuNiah |New radar site replacing Lasseter Lake (CXNI) WSR-98E, operational since July 17, 2023.<ref name="Shuniah">{{Cite tweet|user=ECCCWeatherON|date=2023-07-17|title=The new RADAR at Shuniah (CASSN) in Ontario is up and running as of today!|access-date=2023-07-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717185435/https://twitter.com/ECCCWeatherON/status/1680994482131550208|archive-date=2023-07-17}}</ref> |- |Val d'Irène |Lower St. Lawrence |Quebec |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|48.48028|-67.60111|region:CA-QC_type:landmark}} |CASVD |S |METEOR 1700S |Val d'Irène |Replaced the C-Band CAXM (98A) radar. Commissioned on November 2, 2020. |- |Woodlands |[[Winnipeg]] |Manitoba |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|50.15389|-97.77833|region:CA-MB_type:landmark}} |CASWL |S |METEOR 1700S |Woodlands |Replaced the C-band (98A) CXWL on October 19, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |date=October 15, 2020 |title=NOCN01 CWAO 231342 |url=https://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2020/10/23/NOCN01_CWAO_231342___42964 |access-date=2020-12-29 |series=Genot |publisher=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]]}}</ref> A temporary mobile X-band radar was deployed at St. Andrews Airport during the upgrade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |date=May 26, 2020 |title=NOCN01 CWAO 312040 |url=https://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2020/05/31/NOCN01_CWAO_312040___42780 |access-date=2020-12-29 |series=Genot |publisher=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]]}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+'''Decommissioned sites of the Canadian Weather Radar Network''' |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" !Site !Location !Province !Coordinates !ID/call sign !Band !Type !Callsign meaning !Notes |- |Lac Castor |Saguenay River |[[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|48.57581|-70.66784|region:CA-QC_type:landmark}} |CWMB |C |98E | |Commissioned in February 1999, it was replaced by a new METEOR 1700S at a new site (Mont Apica). The latter is operational since February 6, 2023. On June 1, 2023, the Meteorological Service of Canada announced that the Lac Castor radar has been permanently deactivated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meteorological Service of Canada |date=2023-06-01 |title=GENOT TLTP. NO. 038 |url=https://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2023/06/01/NOCN01_CWAO_011655___05603 |access-date=2023-06-01 |publisher=Government of Canada |language=en, fr}}</ref> |- |Jimmy Lake |NW Saskatchewan/NE Alberta |Saskatchewan |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|54.91319|-109.95992|region:CA-SK_type:landmark}} |CWHN |C |98E | |Replaced by a new METEOR 1700S southeast of Cold Lake (ID CASCL - <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|54.3785|-110.0625|region:CA-AB_type:landmark}}) since October 27, 2021 and decommissioned since January 20, 2022. |- |Superior West |Lasseter Lake |Ontario |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|48.85352|-89.12150|region:CA-ON_type:landmark}} |CXNI |C |98E |Nipigon |Replaced by Shuniah S band radar since July 2023.<ref name="Shuniah">{{Cite tweet|author=Ontario Office of MSC|author-link=Meteorological Service of Canada|user=ECCCWeatherON|date=2023-07-17|title=The new RADAR at Shuniah (CASSN) in Ontario is up and running as of today!|language=en|location=Toronto, ON|access-date=2023-07-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717185435/https://twitter.com/ECCCWeatherON/status/1680994482131550208|archive-date=2023-07-17}}</ref> |- |McGill |[[Montréal|Montreal]] |Quebec |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|45.42416|-73.93735|region:CA-QC_type:landmark}} |CWMN |S | -- |Montreal |commissioned September 1968, decommissioned October 3, 2018, and replaced by the Blainville radar. |- |Mount Sicker |Victoria |British Columbia |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|48.86099|-123.75654|region:CA-BC_type:landmark}} |CXSI |C |98A |Mount Sicker |Suffered major hardware failure in November 2017, decommissioned on December 6, 2018. S-band replacement installed in 2023 on an alternate site at Halfmoon Peak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radar outages and maintenance |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/weather-general-tools-resources/radar-overview/outages-maintenance.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=[[Environment Canada]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Grimes |date=December 6, 2020 |title=NOCN01 CWAO 311434 |url=http://dd.weather.gc.ca/doc/genots/2018/10/31/NOCN01_CWAO_311434___02280 |access-date=2020-12-29 |series=Genot |publisher=[[Meteorological Service of Canada]]}} </ref> |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] aomcer3w1auqnqfpz47864ehcd9eat2 0 113502 839520 698040 2026-05-23T21:49:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Safarar Mutane|Cinikin mutane]] ya zama matsala a [[Azerbaijan]]. Matasa ita ce babban wuri tsakanin mutane da masu fataucin mutane ke amfani da su. Akwai gwagwarmaya a fataucin mutane na shekaru da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=İnsan alverinə qarşı dövlət mübarizə tədbirləri gənclərin mənəvi sağlamlığının dərinləşməsində müstəsna rol oynayır |url=http://anl.az/down/meqale/baki_xeber/2014/fevral/355665.htm |access-date=2019-06-28 |website=anl.az |archive-date=2019-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608014832/http://anl.az/down/meqale/baki_xeber/2014/fevral/355665.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai wasu cibiyoyin agaji ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane a matsayin Babban Sashen kan gwagwarmaya da zirga-zirgar mutane da Cibiyar Taimako ga wadanda ke fuskantar fataucin mutum [2<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=İnsan Alverinə qarşı Mübarizə Baş İdarəsi |url=http://mia.gov.az/?/az/content/153/ |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=mia.gov.az |language=az}}</ref> Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements |url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm |archive-date=2017-06-28 |access-date=2017-12-01 |website=www.state.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> == Babban Ma'aikatar kan gwagwarmaya da fataucin mutane == An kafa Babban Ma'aikatar Yaki da Cin Hanci da [[Ɗan Adam|Mutane]] don aiwatar da ayyukan da aka gano a cikin Shirin Ayyuka na Kasa, tabbatar da tsaro ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, samar musu da taimakon kwararru, kariya ga bayanan da aka tattara a cibiyar ta musamman don yaki da fatauccin mutane. A yaki da fataucin mutane masu horar da 'yan sanda masu sana'a suna aiki a wannan sashen.<ref name="auto"/> == Cibiyar Taimako ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane == Cibiyar Taimako ga Wadanda ke fama da Cinikin Dan Adam tana aiki ne a matsayin cibiyoyin da ba su da riba. Manufar cibiyar ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane ita ce kare hakkoki da bukatun wadanda ke fama le fataucin bayi, kiwon lafiya, taimakon tunani, farfado da zamantakewar themde, sake hadewar su cikin al'umma, don taimakawa komawa rayuwa ta yau da kullun. Cibiyar ta yi shirin farfado da zamantakewar wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane don amsawa ga kowane mutum da 'yancin bil'adama, taimakawa bisa doka don dawo da' yancin wadanda abin ya shafa, tabbatar musu da aiki da horo, samar da yankin zama ga wadanda ke fama le fataucin. Idan wadanda abin ya shafa yara ne, wannan cibiyar nan da nan ta ba da rahoton bayani game da su ga kwamishinan kare hakkinsu da kuma Hukumar kula da kulawa.<ref name="auto12">{{Cite web |title=www.mlspp.gov.az |url=http://www.mlspp.gov.az/az/pages/3/131 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021222355/http://www.mlspp.gov.az/az/pages/3/131 |archive-date=2018-10-21 |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=www.mlspp.gov.az |language=ru}}</ref> Cibiyar agaji ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane ta ba da taimako daban-daban ga mutane 93 (63 daga cikinsu sun kasance ainihin wadanda ke fama, sauran sun kasance wadanda za su iya kamuwa da cutar) a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=İnsan Alveri Qurbanlarına Yardım Mərkəzi 93 nəfərə yardım göstərib |url=http://palitranews.az/news.php?id=63651 |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=palitranews.az}}</ref> == Matakan da ƙoƙari == Haɗin gwiwa yana da mahimmanci a wannan yanki. Yawancin lokaci wakilan [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da Azerbaijan suna sukar juna a cikin Taron Aiwatar da Dimension Human Dimension na OSCE. Amurka ita ce babbar abokiyar Azerbaijan a yaki da fataucin mutane. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, [[US embassy|Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka]] da Babban Ma'aikatar Yaki da Cinikin Dan Adam a Azerbaijan, sun shirya taron kasa da kasa. A lokacin taron, an gudanar da daidaita ayyukan hadin gwiwa na hukumomin tilasta bin doka. Ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen da Amurka ta gudanar a Azerbaijan da nufin yaki da fataucin mutane. Tare da goyon bayan Amurka, an dauki matakai don ƙirƙirar mafaka ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane da kuma kara karfin aikin mutane a can. Amurka ta haɗu da sojojin tare da Azerbaijan a cikin yaki da fataucin mutane cikin jituwa tare da abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci da aka gano a cikin Ma'anar "Azerbaijan 2020: hangen nesa ga nan gaba". [[Tarayyar Amurka|US]] tana aiwatar da ayyukan hadin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyin da suka dace na Azerbaijan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speech by Dr. Ahmad Shahidov {{!}} OSCE |url=http://www.osce.org/odihr/269626?download=true%5C |access-date=2017-10-20 |website=[[osce.org]] |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Azerbaijan]] * Cinikin mutane == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q427qimg3ld8vau1775pc6hgmkc6nwf 0 114874 839521 730928 2026-05-23T22:07:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|image=Cinnamon roll in Stockholm.jpg|caption=A Swedish cinnamon bun or ''kanelbulle'' with [[pearl sugar]]}}<gallery mode="packed" caption="National variations"> Fayil:Korvapuusti1.jpg|Finnish ''korvapuusti'' Fayil:Danskkanelsnegl.jpg|Danish ''kanelsnegl'' Fayil:Kanelboller.jpg|Norwegian ''skillingsbolle'' Fayil:Cinnamon-Roll-US-Bakery.jpg|American cinnamon roll </gallery>A '''Cinnamon roll''' (wanda aka fi sani da cinnamon bun, cinnamon swirl, cinnamon scroll, '''cinnamon Danish''' da cinnamon snail) wani nau'i ne [[Sweet roll|mai daɗi]] da aka saba amfani dashi a Arewacin Turai da [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]]. Akwai madadin girke-girke da ke amfani da burodi na Puff maimakon gurasar yisti, amma ana gina su ta amfani da irin wannan hanyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puff pastry cinnamon rolls |url=https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/puff-pastry-cinnamon-rolls |access-date=25 June 2025 |website=BBC Good Food}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2021 |title=Quick Puff Pastry Cinnamon Rolls |url=https://www.gimmesomeoven.com/puff-pastry-cinnamon-rolls-recipe/ |website=Gimme some oven}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == [[Fayil:Cinnamon_mixture_spread_on_dough,_May_2009.jpg|thumb|Cinnamon cakuda a kan gurasar kafin a mirgine]] Rubuce-rubucen cinnamon ya ƙunshi takardar gurasar burodi mai yisti ko Viennoiserie, wanda aka yayyafa cinnamon da [[sukari]] (tare da wasu bambance-bambance ciki har da sukari mai launin ruwan kasa, ruwan inabi ko wasu sinadaran ) a kan wani nau'i mai laushi na [[man shanu]]. Sa'an nan kuma a mirgine gurasar, a yanka ta cikin ɓangarori daban-daban kuma a yi gasa da su, duk da haka ana kiran nau'in da aka dafa da sinamoni ko sinamoni bun doughnut . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cinnamon Roll Donuts |url=https://moribyan.com/cinnamon-roll-donuts/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=Moribyan}}</ref> [[Fayil:Cinnamonrollcutting.JPG|thumb|Gurasar sinamoni da aka yanka a cikin guda ɗaya kafin a dafa shi]] [[Fayil:Uncooked_cinnamon_roll_buns,_March_2010.jpg|thumb|Gurasar cinnamon da ba a dafa ba]] == Asalin == 'Yan kasuwar kayan yaji na Larabawa sun gabatar da kayan yaji da Sri Lankan cinnamon zuwa Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bringing cinnamon to Europe |url=https://thefreeinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Reading-2.pdf |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=The Free Institute |archive-date=26 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250626201642/https://thefreeinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Reading-2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2021 |title=Harvesting 'true cinnamon': The story of the Ceylon spice |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/10/18/harvesting-true-cinnamon-the-story-of-the-ceylon-spice#:~:text=Historian%20Nirmal%20Ranjith%20Dewasiri%20says,in%20the%20Indian%20Ocean%20trade. |website=Aljazeera}}</ref> Ba a san asalin rufin cinnamon ba, amma yana iya kasancewa a Byzantium. Tsohon girke-girke da aka rubuta don rubutun cinnamon sun fito ne daga Jamus a karni na 16. Rubutun Cinnamon ya bazu daga Jamus zuwa Scandinavia, <ref name=":0" /> wanda aka gabatar da shi zuwa [[Norway]] daga 'Yan kasuwa na Hanseatic ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa ta [[Bergen]] inda za a san shi da skillingsbolle (lit. ""), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Historien om skillingsbollen |url=https://www.abcnyheter.no/reise/2014/07/07/203367/historien-om-skillingsbollen |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=ABC Nyheter |archive-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118035232/https://www.abcnyheter.no/reise/2014/07/07/203367/historien-om-skillingsbollen |url-status=dead }}</ref> tare da ''kanelbulle'' na zamani na Sweden (lit. ""cinnamon bun") da aka kirkira bayan yakin duniya na farko. Sun bazu zuwa Amurka tare da baƙi na Jamus.<ref name=":0" /> == Girma == Girman rufin cinnamon ya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri, amma masu siyarwa da yawa suna ba da ƙaramin girman kusan {{Convert|5|cm}} in) a diamita kuma girman girman girman kusan {{Convert|10|cm}} in) zuwa gefe. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan za a iya samun su a [[Finland]], wanda ake kira [[Pulla|''korvapuusti'']] (lit. 'ƙuƙwalwa a kan kunne', {{Abbr|fig.|figuratively}} "karɓar kunnen wani don horo"), inda zai iya zama har zuwa {{Convert|20|cm}} cm (7.9 in) a diamita kuma auna har zuwa {{Convert|200|g}} . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Korvapuusti in Finland<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=40011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226233802/http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=40011 |archive-date=February 26, 2008}}</ref> [[Gothenburg]]" id="mwhg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Haga, Gothenburg">Haga, wani gundumar da ke Gothenburg, Sweden, yana da manyan takardu na cinnamon. Wadannan rufin cinnamon ana kiransu ''Hagabullar'' ko ''Sarauniyar Kitchen''. Hagabullar yawanci {{Convert|30|cm|in}} in) ko fiye a diamita kuma, duk da girman su, ba a dauke su a matsayin juzu'in jama'a ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanelbullar.se |url=http://www.kanelbullar.se/ |access-date=July 17, 2016 |publisher=Kanelbullar.se}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance na kasa == === Turai === A [[Denmark]] an san rollo na cinnamon da ''kanelsnegl'', a [[Sweden]] ana kiransa ''kanelbulle'', a [[Norway]] an san shi da ''kanelbolle'', skillingsbolle, ''kanelsnurr'', ko ''kanel da svingene'', a [[Finland]] an san shi le ''korvapuusti'', a [[Ayislan|Iceland]] an san shi ne da ''kanilsnúður'', kuma a [[Istoniya|Estonia]] an san shi四ineelirull . <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Free Dictionary |title=cinnamon snail |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cinnamon+snail |access-date=April 17, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carlson |first=Jen |title=Why The Cinnamon Snail Vegan Food Truck Is The Best Food Truck In Town |url=http://gothamist.com/2012/10/09/cinnamon_snail.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407040629/http://gothamist.com/2012/10/09/cinnamon_snail.php |archive-date=April 7, 2013 |access-date=April 16, 2013 |publisher=The Gothamist}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2016 |title=Kanelsnegl, The Danish answer to Cinnamon buns |url=https://caprisserie.com/2016/05/22/cinnamon-buns-kanelsnegl/ |access-date=March 1, 2020 |website=caprisserie.com |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924205921/https://caprisserie.com/2016/05/22/cinnamon-buns-kanelsnegl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A Austria da [[Jamus]], ana kiranta ''Zimtschnecke'' . A cikin [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]] da [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], ana kiranta ''Skoricové slimáky'' /''skořicoví šneci'' (ma'ana 'ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta'). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Škoricové slimáky |url=https://dobruchut.aktuality.sk/recept/45425/skoricove-slimaky/ |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=dobruchut}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2013 |title=Kanellbular - skořicové šneky |url=https://www.toprecepty.cz/recept/33024-kanellbular-skoricove-sneky/ |website=Toprecepty}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 1999, 4 ga Oktoba an inganta shi a matsayin Cinnamon Roll Day (''Kanelbullens dag''), ranar taken ƙasa, wanda wani ɓangare na yawan mutanen Sweden suka amince da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanelbullens Dag 4 Oktober |url=http://www.kanelbullensdag.se/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830181011/http://www.kanelbullensdag.se/ |archive-date=August 30, 2011 |access-date=June 4, 2010 |publisher=Kanelbullensdag.se}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanelbullar |url=http://sweden.se/culture/cinnamon-buns/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108084233/http://sweden.se/culture/cinnamon-buns/ |archive-date=November 8, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2013 |publisher=Sweden.se}}</ref> Yaren mutanen Sweden kanelbulle yawanci suna dauke da cardamom (powder ko buds), suna ba shi dandano na musamman. Swedish ''Butterkaka'' da Finnish ''Bostonkakku'' ("Kakin Boston") cake ne da aka yi ta hanyar yin burodi na cinnamon a cikin gurasar cake maimakon yin burodi daban, don su tsaya tare don samar da babban, cake na zagaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boston cake |url=http://www.saunalahti.fi/~marian1/gourmet/14_11.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114948/http://www.saunalahti.fi/~marian1/gourmet/14_11.htm |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |access-date=November 18, 2012 |publisher=Saunalahti.fi}}</ref> A Austria da Jamus, ana samun su a ko'ina a manyan kantuna da wuraren yin burodi. Wani nau'in Jamusanci, wanda yayi kama da salon Scandinavia, wanda ya samo asali ne a [[Hamburg]] da kewayenta shine ''Franzbrötchen'', mai cike da sinamarin sinamarin da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar mai ba da sinam din Faransanci.<ref name="Berlin">{{Cite web |date=5 April 2019 |title=Franzbrötchen, the German croissant born as rebellion against French occupation |url=https://en.berlinoschule.com/franzbrotchen-the-german-croissant-born-as-rebellion-against-french-occupation/#:~:text=The%20Franzbr%C3%B6tchen%20%E2%80%93%20literally%20%E2%80%9Cfrench%20roll,to%20the%20addition%20of%20cinnamon. |website=Berlino Schule}}</ref> A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, ana amfani da bun, cinnamon roll da sunayen cinnamon swirl, kuma galibi ana samun su a yawancin manyan kantuna da wuraren yin burodi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 10 Cinnamon Rolls |url=https://www.trolley.co.uk/explore/cinnamon-rolls |access-date=26 June 2025 |website=Trolley}}</ref> === Amurka === Kayan sinamoni na Amurka suna da girma akai-akai, ana yin burodi a cikin kwanon rufi kuma an rufe su da cuku mai laushi (yawanci sukari na masu yin sukari) kuma wani lokacin ana soya su, an gama su da glaze, kuma an yi amfani da su azaman bambancin [[donut]] da aka ɗaga. Har ila yau, akwai haɗuwa ta yanki: a cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya, musamman [[Nebraska]] da [[Kansas]], ana cinye sinamoni tare da chili.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chili and Cinnamon Rolls, is this a Kansas Thing? |url=https://www.kansas.com/living/food-drink/article177205201.html |access-date=October 5, 2017}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai yankuna waɗanda suka haɗa da naman alade.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bacon Cinnamon Roll (4 pack) |url=https://store59449804.shopsettings.com/Bacon-Cinnamon-Roll-4pk-p464627869 |access-date=27 June 2025 |website=Deutsch Apple Bakery}}</ref> A Kanada, an san su da cinnamon rolls ko cinnamon buns. Yawanci suna da kansu kuma ba a rufe su ba, kuma ba su da ruwan inabi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagliafierro |first=Angelina |title=UBC Cinnamon Bun |url=https://www.food.ubc.ca/ubc-cinnamon-bun/ |access-date=January 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lugonja |first=Valerie |date=December 19, 2016 |title=Helen McKinney's Canadian Prairie Homemade Cinnamon Buns |url=https://www.acanadianfoodie.com/2016/12/19/homemade-cinnamon-buns/ |access-date=January 12, 2019}}</ref> Suna iya samun sinamoni da yawa har suna da ɗanɗano kuma suna da zafi ga dandano. === Asiya === A cikin al'adun Asiya, ana iya yin rufin cinnamon ta amfani da fasahar burodi da ake kira tangzhong. Wannan dabarar tana da alaƙa da gurasar madara ta Japan tunda tana ba da taushi, gashin gashi. Ta hanyar dumama gari a daidai 65 ° C ko 149 ° F, starches a cikin gari zai riga ya zama mai ƙanshi, yana sa ya yi kauri fiye da matsakaici. Tangzhong yana ba da damar starches su riƙe danshi na dogon lokaci, wanda ke haifar da rayuwa mai tsawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anastopoulo |first=Rossi |title=A Closer Look at Tangzhong |url=https://www.kingarthurbaking.com/blog/2021/02/05/tangzhong-method-soft-pillowy-cinnamon-rolls |access-date=December 2, 2024}}</ref> == Hadisai na Cinnamon == A Sweden da Finland, ana jin daɗin rufin cinnamon a al'ada yayin haɗuwa, gami da amfani da kofi da ko kayan burodi. A Sweden, an san taron a matsayin <nowiki><i id="mwARE">fika</i></nowiki>, yawanci ana gudanar da shi da rana, ta abokan aiki a lokacin hutu, ta abokai ko ta iyali. Ana kiyaye Ranar Rubuce-rubuce ta Kasa (''Kanelbullens dag'') a ranar 4 ga Oktoba a Sweden da Finland. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2009 |title=Kanelbullens dag – 4 oktober &#124; Temadagar |url=https://temadagar.se/kanelbullens-dag/ |website=temadagar.se}}</ref> A Denmark, buns na cinnamon sun shahara musamman a ranar Laraba, inda ake sayar da wani babban bambancin da ake kira kwari na Laraba. An kirkiro wannan al'adar musamman a cikin shekarun 1990 <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2017 |title=triviatirsdag: onsdagssnegl |url=http://omveje.com/triviatirsdag-onsdagssnegl/}}</ref> inda ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ke yawan buga wasanninsu a ranar Laraba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Tare da [[Topfengolatsche]], Buttercroissant da Faschingskrapfen, sinamoni ne na yau da kullun da za a yi da kofi na rana, wanda aka sani da "Kaffe und Kuchen" a Austria da Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2024 |title=Schneckennudeln (German Cinnamon Rolls) |url=https://www.foxyfolksy.com/schneckennudeln-german-cinnamon-rolls/ |website=Foxy Folksy}}</ref> A [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], ana cinye shi don karin kumallo ko kayan zaki. Lokacin da aka ci karin kumallo a Amurka, ana iya ba da shi tare da cuku mai daskarewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Screamin' Cinnamon Rolls With Cream Cheese Frosting |url=http://www.food.com/recipe/screamin-cinnamon-rolls-with-cream-cheese-frosting-87768 |access-date=July 20, 2016 |website=Food.com}}</ref> Gurasar Cinnamon ta shahara musamman a lokacin Kirsimeti a duka Slovakia da Jamhuriyar Czech. Sun kasance wani ɓangare na kayan aikin Kirsimeti na gargajiya a cikin gidaje da yawa, tare da wasu kayan biki kamar vanilla crescents (vanilkové rožteky) da kuki na linzer. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180" caption="Baking process"> Fayil:Cinnamon_rolls_shaped_and_ready_to_proof.jpg|alt=7 raw cinnamon rolls in a round pan, with some space between them to allow for expansion|Raw cinnamon rolls Fayil:Cinnamon_rolls_ready_to_bake.jpg|alt=The rolls look puffier and have expanded to fill most of the space|Ready to bake after proofing Fayil:Cinnamon_rolls_partially_baked_in_a_solar_oven.jpg|alt=The rolls have expanded even more, to fill the entire pan from edge to edge with no gaps. The dough looks dry but is pale and soft|Partially baked rolls in a solar cooker Fayil:Cinnamon_rolls_fully_baked.jpg|alt=The rolls are dry and golden brown.|Fully baked cinnamon rolls </gallery>{{Commonscat|Cinnamon rolls}} == Dubi kuma == * Ensaïmada <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> * [[List of buns|Jerin burodi]] </div>{{Reflist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sdilfp2w0uzeyxbnk82u7yfo0mqtimt 0 116035 839477 730886 2026-05-23T19:17:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Fayil:Eijkmaninst.jpg|thumb|ƳCibiyar a cikin 2011]] [[Fayil:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_Eijkman_Instituut_in_Weltevreden_Batavia_TMnr_60038173.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar a cikin 1939]] Cibiyar Binciken Ilimin Halitta ta Eijkman, wacce aka fi sani da Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta ce a [[Jakarta|Jakarta, Indonesia]]. An fi saninsa da binciken da Christiaan Eijkman ya yi cewa Beriberi ya haifar da rashin thiamine a jikin mutum. == Tarihi == en . <ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.eijkman.go.id/about/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728060553/http://www.eijkman.go.id/about/history/ |archive-date=28 July 2019 |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=Eijkman Institute}}</ref>An kafa shi a matsayin Geneeskundig Laboratorium, ko Laboratory na Kiwon Lafiya, a Jalan Diponegoro No. 69 a Tsakiyar Jakarta a 1888, [[Christiaan Eijkman]] ya kasance a can a matsayin darakta na farko. A lokacin da yake can, ya gano cewa [[Beriberi]], wanda aka yi imanin cewa sojojin waje ne suka haifar da shi, saboda rashin [[thiamine]] a jikin mutum ne. Wannan ya haifar da [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine|Kyautar Nobel ta Physiology ko Medicine]] ga Eijkman a 1929. A cikin 1938, an sake sunan dakin gwaje-gwaje da Eijkman Instituut (Eijkman Institute) don girmama Eijkm A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, masu mamaye Japan sun zargi darektan Indonesian na farko na cibiyar, Ahmad Mokhtar, da guba da wani rukunin allurar rigakafi da za a isar da shi ga ma'aikatan bayi. Bayan an azabtar da Mokhtar da masu binciken sa kuma an yi musu tambayoyi, sai ya yi yarjejeniya da Jafananci cewa zai yi ikirarin laifi idan aka saki masu binciken sa. Daga nan aka kashe shi kuma aka binne shi a cikin kabari mara alama.[1] Yana yiwuwa cewa Mochtar ya kasance mai cin zarafi don gwajin Jafananci da ya gaza wanda aka tsara don tabbatar da allurar rigakafin tetanus toxoid ga dakarun su A cikin shekarun 1960, cibiyar ta rufe saboda tashin hankali a kasar kuma an shiga [[Cipto Mangunkusomo Hospital|Asibitin Cipto Mangunkusomo]]. Ya kasance a rufe har tsawon shekaru talatin masu zuwa har zuwa 1992, lokacin da B.J. Habibie, Ministan Bincike da Fasaha, ya yanke shawarar sake buɗe cibiyar. Cibiyar ta buɗe a hukumance ta hanyar Dokar Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha No. 475/M/Kp/VII/1992. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance yana aiki sosai, amma ya shiga cikin ƙarin matsala a cikin 1998 saboda Rikicin kudi na Asiya. <ref name="History"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional |date=2021-08-02 |title=SIARAN PERS BADAN RISET DAN INOVASI NASIONAL Nomor : 95/SP/HM/BKKP/VIII/2021 Kepala BRIN Sampaikan Selamat Ulang Tahun Ke-29 Kepada LBM Eijkman |url=https://www.brin.go.id/kepala-brin-sampaikan-selamat-ulang-tahun-ke-29-kepada-lbm-eijkman/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112053534/https://www.brin.go.id/kepala-brin-sampaikan-selamat-ulang-tahun-ke-29-kepada-lbm-eijkman/ |archive-date=12 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional |language=id}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, cibiyar ta gano mai fashewar bam wanda ya fashe kansa a gaban Ofishin Jakadancin Australiya, wanda ya jawo karbuwa ga fa'idodin amfani na ilmin halitta. A yau, cibiyar tana da ɗayan ƙananan dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Biosafety Level 3 a cikin ƙasar, wanda ke sanye da ɗakin tsabtace gas. Tsawon lokaci tun lokacin da aka sake kafa ta a shekarar 1992, Cibiyar Eijkman ta kasance ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=CNN Indonesia |date=2021-09-22 |title=BRIN Kini Jadi Bos Baru Lembaga Biologi Molekuler Eijkman |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20210922210736-199-698148/brin-kini-jadi-bos-baru-lembaga-biologi-molekuler-eijkman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922205315/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20210922210736-199-698148/brin-kini-jadi-bos-baru-lembaga-biologi-molekuler-eijkman |archive-date=22 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=CNN Indonesia |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=CNN Indonesia |date=2021-09-22 |title=Peneliti LIPI Gantikan Amin Soebandrio Jadi Kepala Eijkman |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20210922204843-199-698140/peneliti-lipi-gantikan-amin-soebandrio-jadi-kepala-eijkman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923002257/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20210922204843-199-698140/peneliti-lipi-gantikan-amin-soebandrio-jadi-kepala-eijkman |archive-date=23 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-22 |website=CNN Indonesia |language=id-ID}}</ref> Koyaya, Cibiyar Eijkman ta ɗan ji daɗin matsayi na musamman a cikin ma'aikatar. Mafi mahimmanci shine, duk da kasancewa cibiyar gudanar da gwamnati, daukar ma'aikatan su galibi ta hanyar kwangila kamar daukar ma'aikata na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. A sakamakon haka, masu bincike da ma'aikatan Cibiyar Eijkman suna da matsayi na musamman a cikin tsarin aikin gwamnati na Indonesia kuma ba za a iya rarraba su a matsayin ɗaya ba, ba ma'aikatan gwamnati ba ne amma suna da albashi da gwamnati ta biya. Ba wai kawai ba su da hanyar aiki mai kyau a matsayin masana kimiyya da ma'aikatan gwamnati na Indonesiya ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nurhadi |first=M |date=2022-01-02 |title=Sejarah Lembaga Eijkman: Rumah Jutaan Riset di Tengah Isu Pemberhentian Tak Layak Peneliti |url=https://www.suara.com/bisnis/2022/01/02/081636/sejarah-lembaga-eijkman-rumah-jutaan-riset-di-tengah-isu-pemberhentian-tak-layak-peneliti |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102013151/https://www.suara.com/bisnis/2022/01/02/081636/sejarah-lembaga-eijkman-rumah-jutaan-riset-di-tengah-isu-pemberhentian-tak-layak-peneliti |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=suara.com |language=id}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Wisnuwardani |first=Dyah Puspita |date=2022-01-02 |title=Terintegrasi, BRIN Beri 5 Opsi Perekrutan untuk Periset LBM Eijkman |url=https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/4849214/terintegrasi-brin-beri-5-opsi-perekrutan-untuk-periset-lbm-eijkman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102022110/https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/4849214/terintegrasi-brin-beri-5-opsi-perekrutan-untuk-periset-lbm-eijkman |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=liputan6.com |language=id}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Aditya |first=Nicholas Ryan |date=2022-01-02 |title=Penjelasan BRIN soal Kabar Ilmuwan Eijkman Diberhentikan Tanpa Pesangon |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/02/09514081/penjelasan-brin-soal-kabar-ilmuwan-eijkman-diberhentikan-tanpa-pesangon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102030954/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/02/09514081/penjelasan-brin-soal-kabar-ilmuwan-eijkman-diberhentikan-tanpa-pesangon |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> Tun daga 22 ga Satumba 2021, Cibiyar Eijkman a hukumance ta zama mai kula da Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa (Indonesia: ''Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional'', BRIN) maimakon [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha]]. <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> Sunan Cibiyar Eijkman ya canza zuwa Cibiyar Binciken Biology ta Eijkmen, a ƙarƙashin Kungiyar Binciken Kimiyya ta Rayuwa ta Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CNN Indonesia |date=2021-09-24 |title=BRIN Ungkap Nasib Vaksin Merah Putih Usai Comot Eijkman-LIPI |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20210924155428-199-699079/brin-ungkap-nasib-vaksin-merah-putih-usai-comot-eijkman-lipi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924110541/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20210924155428-199-699079/brin-ungkap-nasib-vaksin-merah-putih-usai-comot-eijkman-lipi |archive-date=24 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-25 |website=CNN Indonesia |language=id-ID}}</ref> Bayan da Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa ta kama shi, Cibiyar Eijkman ta cire ta daga matsayinta na musamman, ta sauke ta zuwa cibiyar bincike, kuma ta sanya ta cikin kulawar BRIN saboda aikinta na musamman na daukar ma'aikata da ma'aikata.<ref name=":4"/> === Rikici game da Kasuwanci === A ranar 1 ga Janairun 2022, akwai bayanai cewa BRIN ta fara dakatar da mafi yawan masu binciken Eijkman Molecular Biology Research Center. Bayanan sun tabbatar da gaskiya ne. BRIN ta ba su damar zama masana kimiyya na gwamnati na BRIN ta hanyar hanyoyin zaɓin ma'aikatan gwamnati, kodayake BRIN ta mayar da zaɓin ga masu binciken Eijkman da ma'aikatan da aka dakatar.<ref name=":3"/> Kimanin ma'aikatan Eijkman 113 sun ƙare, tare da masu bincike 71 da ma'aikatan da ba masu bincike ba 42 da wannan daidaitawa ya shafa.<ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aditya |first=Nicholas Ryan |date=2022-01-02 |title=Efek Eijkman Dilebur ke BRIN, 71 Orang Peneliti Diberhentikan |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/03/05160021/efek-eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-71-orang-peneliti-diberhentikan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102223634/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/03/05160021/efek-eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-71-orang-peneliti-diberhentikan |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |date=2022-01-03 |title=Eijkman Dilebur ke BRIN, Nasib 113 Tenaga Honorer Dipertanyakan |url=https://asumsi.co/post/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-nasib-113-tenaga-honorer-dipertanyakan |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=Asumsi |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504143144/https://asumsi.co/post/8996/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-nasib-113-tenaga-honorer-dipertanyakan |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wannan rana, an ba da sanarwar cewa Cibiyar Binciken Biology ta Eijkman ta yanzu ta rabu zuwa sassa da yawa, Cibiyar Bindiken Biology na Eijkmen kanta, wani bangare ga Mataimakin IV (Bincike da Innovation Infrastructure) na BRIN, kuma za a bar hutawa ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Aida |first=Nur Rohmi |date=2022-01-01 |title=Sejarah Lembaga Eijkman yang Kini Dilebur dengan BRIN |url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2022/01/02/060000565/sejarah-lembaga-eijkman-yang-kini-dilebur-dengan-brin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101233720/https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2022/01/02/060000565/sejarah-lembaga-eijkman-yang-kini-dilebur-dengan-brin |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> Wannan yunkuri ya soki sosai daga hadin gwiwar masu mulki <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andayani |first=Dwi |date=2022-01-03 |title=PPP: Jangan Sia-siakan Para Peneliti Eijkman |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5881422/ppp-jangan-sia-siakan-para-peneliti-eijkman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103010919/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5881422/ppp-jangan-sia-siakan-para-peneliti-eijkman |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref> da 'yan adawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andayani |first=Dwi |date=2022-01-03 |title=Legislator Golkar soal Eijkman: Jangan Sampai Riset Vaksin Terpengaruh |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5881395/legislator-golkar-soal-eijkman-jangan-sampai-riset-vaksin-terpengaruh |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102222927/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5881395/legislator-golkar-soal-eijkman-jangan-sampai-riset-vaksin-terpengaruh |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Safitri |first=Eva |date=2022-01-02 |title=Eijkman Dilebur ke BRIN, Legislator PD Singgung Memori Publik soal TWK KPK |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5880743/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-legislator-pd-singgung-memori-publik-soal-twk-kpk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102060918/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5880743/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-legislator-pd-singgung-memori-publik-soal-twk-kpk |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Safitri |first=Eva |date=2022-01-02 |title=Eijkman Dilebur ke BRIN, PKS Khawatir Riset Vaksin Merah Putih Mandeg |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5880915/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-pks-khawatir-riset-vaksin-merah-putih-mandeg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102080909/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5880915/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-pks-khawatir-riset-vaksin-merah-putih-mandeg |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Safitri |first=Eva |date=2022-01-02 |title=PAN Wanti-wanti Peleburan ke BRIN Jangan Kebiri Riset Eijkman |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5880789/pan-wanti-wanti-peleburan-ke-brin-jangan-kebiri-riset-eijkman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102061056/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5880789/pan-wanti-wanti-peleburan-ke-brin-jangan-kebiri-riset-eijkman |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref> Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, a hukumance ta nemi BRIN don bayani da bayani game da dakatar da ma'aikatan Eijkman don mayar da martani ga batutuwan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murpratomo |first=Irfan |date=2022-01-03 |title=Eijkman Dilebur ke BRIN, Dasco Minta Hak Pegawai dan Peneliti Tak Dilupakan |url=https://www.kedaipena.com/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-dasco-minta-hak-pegawai-dan-peneliti-tak-dilupakan/ |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=Kedai Pena |language=id |archive-date=2022-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504143158/https://www.kedaipena.com/eijkman-dilebur-ke-brin-dasco-minta-hak-pegawai-dan-peneliti-tak-dilupakan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mikrefin |first=Nuhansa |date=2022-01-03 |title=DPR Minta Penjelasan BRIN soal Pemberhentian Peneliti Eijkman - Nasional Katadata.co.id |url=https://katadata.co.id/yuliawati/berita/61d27d4f4682b/dpr-minta-penjelasan-brin-soal-pemberhentian-peneliti-eijkman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103050323/https://katadata.co.id/yuliawati/berita/61d27d4f4682b/dpr-minta-penjelasan-brin-soal-pemberhentian-peneliti-eijkman |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=katadata.co.id |language=id}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Amfani da Kayan aiki da Gyaran Bureaucratic ta tabbatar da matakin BRIN a matsayin matakin doka. Tjahjo Kumolo, ministan, ya kara karya cewa daga masu bincike 71 da aka dakatar, 68 mataimakan bincike ne tare da digiri na farko da digiri na biyu, ƙananan masu bincike 2 (a ƙasa da 40) tare da digiri ya PhD, da kuma babban mai bincike 1 (sama da 40) tare le digiri na PhD. Ya bayyana, ko dai BRIN ya kashe shi ko a'a, Cibiyar Binciken Biology ta Eijkman a ƙarshe za a sake fasalin ta gwamnati saboda rashin kula da ma'aikata da sauran rashin daidaito lokacin da ma'aikatar ta kasance a matsayin Cibiyar Eijkmen. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maharani |first=Tsarina |date=2022-01-03 |title=Menteri PAN-RB: Integrasi atau Tidak, Penataan LBM Eijkman Harus Dilakukan Halaman all |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/03/15304901/menteri-pan-rb-integrasi-atau-tidak-penataan-lbm-eijkman-harus-dilakukan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103093533/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/01/03/15304901/menteri-pan-rb-integrasi-atau-tidak-penataan-lbm-eijkman-harus-dilakukan |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> == Gine-gine == Daga waje, an bayyana ginin kamar yadda yake kama da gidan kayan gargajiya, kodayake ba a gyara ciki ba a ƙoƙarin ci gaba da ginin kamar yadda ya yi lokacin da Eijkman ke aiki a can. Wannan ya haɗa da wurin zama na baƙo wanda har yanzu yana da kayan ado da kujerun katako da rattan da sauran kayan da ba a canza su ba tun lokacin da aka buɗe ginin. Za a bar ginin ga Ma'aikatar Lafiya kuma za a maye gurbinsa zuwa sabon gini a Cibinong.<ref name=":5"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q62lvnm3p1snro1q1p4hse5bdcyvcgz 0 116368 839607 742005 2026-05-24T07:59:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Prof._Dhruv_Raina.jpg|thumb]] Haɗin ilimi tare da S. Irfan Habib ya haifar da buga jerin labaran bincike (wanda aka tattara kwanan nan a matsayin kundin da ake kira, Domesticating Modern Science, 2004) akan sake fasalin al'adu na kimiyya ta zamani a Indiya mai mulkin mallaka. Sun shirya wani girma a kan Joseph Needham (Situating the History of Science, 1999) da kuma sashen kan Kimiyya a Kudancin Kashi na ashirin da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya don kundi na 7 na UNESCO's History of Mankind Project . [1] A halin yanzu yana cikin Majalisar Sashen Ma'ana, Hanyar da Falsafar Kimiyya da Fasaha na Ƙungiyar Tarihi da Falsafa ta Duniya (2020-2023). <ref>{{Cite web |title=DLMPST Website: Council 2020-2023 |url=http://dlmps.org/pages/council/council-2020-2023.php |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> == Littattafai == * Dhruv Raina da S. Irfan Habib (ed.). 1999. ''Yanayin Tarihin Kimiyya: Tattaunawa tare da Joseph Needham'' . New Delhi: Oxford University Press . [https://books.google.com/books?id=DJEPPwAACAAJ] * Dhruv Raina 2003. ''Hotuna da Yanayi: Tarihin Kimiyya da zamani a Indiya''. New Delhi: Oxford University Press . [https://academic.oup.com/book/4022] * Dhruv Raina da S. Irfan Habib . 2004. Domesticating Modern Science: Tarihin Jama'a na Kimiyya da Al'adu a Indiya mai mulkin mallaka . New Delhi: Littattafan Tulika . [https://tulikabooks.in/catalog/product/view/id/21727/s/domesticating-modern-science-tulika/] * S. Irfan Habib da Dhruv. Ruwan sama. (Abin da ke tattare da su). 2007. Tarihin Kimiyya na Jama'a a Indiya mai mulkin mallaka . New Delhi: Oxford University Press . [https://academic.oup.com/jsh/article-abstract/43/1/238/916055?redirectedFrom=fulltext] * Feza Günnergun da Dhruv Raina (ed.). 2011. ''Kimiyya tsakanin Turai da Asiya: Nazarin Tarihi kan watsawa, Amincewa da Daidaita Ilimi, Nazarin Boston a Falsafar Kimiyya''. Dordrecht: Springer . [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-90-481-9968-6] * Dhruv Raina 2015. ''Cibiyar sadarwa ta Indiya ta Needham: Binciken Gida don Tarihin Kimiyya a Indiya (1950-1970) ''. New Delhi: Yoda Press . [https://books.google.com/books?id=NoVuvgAACAAJ] * Hans Harder da Dhruv Raina (Eds.). 2022. ''Hanyar horo da ƙungiyoyi: Tattaunawa tsakanin Indiya da Duniya mai magana da Jamusanci.'' Hyderabad: Gabas Blackswan. == Dubi kuma == * Nazarin kimiyya da fasaha a Indiya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=30403&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Bayani a shafin yanar gizon JNU] * [https://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/en/zimmer-chair/raina.php Bayanan martaba, Cibiyar Kudancin Asiya, Jami'ar Heidelberg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240809193702/https://www.sai.uni-heidelberg.de/en/zimmer-chair/raina.php |date=2024-08-09 }} * [https://scholar.google.co.in/citations?user=9jVr03wAAAAJ&hl=en Masanin Google] * 'Seminar Magazine Special Issue on State of Science: wani taro kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin kimiyya, ilimi da dimokuradiyya (wanda Dhruv Raina ya shirya) [http://www.india-seminar.com/2014/654.htm Mujallar Seminar Musamman a kan Jihar Kimiyya: wani taro kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin kimiyya, ilimi da dimokuradiyya (wanda Dhruv Raina ya shirya)] * [http://smf4.emath.fr/Publications/RevueHistoireMath/9/pdf/smf_rhm_9_253-306.pdf "Tsakanin Jesuit da Haskakawa HIstoriography: Tarihin Jean-Sylvain Baily na Astronomy na Indiya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128061817/http://smf4.emath.fr/Publications/RevueHistoireMath/9/pdf/smf_rhm_9_253-306.pdf |date=2016-01-28 }} * "Bincike a cikin ilimin zamantakewa na "Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Al'umma" Ilimi a Jami'o'in Indiya da Cibiyoyin Fasaha" * [http://mediathek.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/mediathekPublic/versionEins/Conferences-Workshops/Global-Transfer-of-Knowledge/Transfer-of-Knowledge-Institutions.html Cibiyoyin da Canjin Ilimi na Duniya: Tattaunawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125140559/http://mediathek.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/mediathekPublic/versionEins/Conferences-Workshops/Global-Transfer-of-Knowledge/Transfer-of-Knowledge-Institutions.html |date=2016-01-25 }} * [http://www.metanexus.net/profile/dhruv-raina "Yaya za a je sama ko kuma yadda sammai ke tafiya?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704205040/http://metanexus.net/profile/dhruv-raina |date=2017-07-04 }} * [http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol49_4_11_DRaina.pdf "Aikin Classic: Muhimmancin zamani na Tarihin P.C. Ray"] * "Tsarin Kimiyya na zamani a Kudancin Asiya: Bayani na Tarihi game da Tsarin Gida da Globalization" * [http://www.downtoearth.org.in/author/dhruv-raina-1057 Labarai a cikin Mujallar Down to Earth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424152407/https://www.downtoearth.org.in/author/dhruv-raina-1057 |date=2024-04-24 }} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] azio0bcq08knkwsbs74d2d05pr3gfx3 0 118103 839599 731040 2026-05-24T07:39:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Desmond Ovbiagele darektan fina-finan Najeriya ne, marubucin allo, kuma furodusa wanda aka sani da fina-finai tare da jigogin zamantakewa da siyasa. Tsohon bankin zuba jari tare da Citigroup da Standard Chartered, Ovbiagele ya sauya sheka daga kudi zuwa yin fim. Fim ɗin sa na farko, [[Render to Caesar|''Render to Caesar'']] (2014), ya zama fim ɗin farko da aka yi a cikin gida Nijeriya wanda aka zaɓa don gasar hukuma a bikin Fim na FESPACO a [[Burkina Faso]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ovbiagele, Desmond {{!}} African Film Festival, Inc. |url=https://africanfilmny.org/directors/desmond-ovbiagele/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orioha |first=Lucky |date=2015-02-12 |title=Render to Ceaser puts Nollywood on FESPACO 2015's A-List |url=https://guardian.ng/art/render-to-ceaser-puts-nollywood-on-fespaco-2015-s-a-list/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aliyu |first=Moshood |date=2015-02-24 |title=With Render to Ceaser, Nollywood dreams big at FESPACO |url=https://guardian.ng/art/c74-arts/with-render-to-ceaser-nollywood-dreams-big-at-fespaco/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Fasalinsa na biyu a cikin 2020, [[The Milkmaid (fim)|''The Milkmaid'']], wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta daga masu tayar da kayar baya a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, ya sami yabo a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Detained and beaten: Why crew risked their lives to make film about insurgency victims in Nigeria |url=https://news.sky.com/story/detained-beaten-and-threatened-with-burning-why-crew-risked-their-lives-to-make-film-about-insurgency-victims-in-nigeria-12209756 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dore |first=Shalini |date=2021-03-03 |title=Nigeria's 'Milkmaid' Inspired by Kidnapping of Chibok Schoolgirls |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/global/nigeria-milkmaid-boko-haram-1234921233/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> An zaɓi shi a matsayin shigarwar Najeriya a hukumance a cikin jerin abubuwan da aka gabatar ga lambar yabo ta 93rd Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film — ƙasar ta farko da ta samu nasarar shiga Oscar a rukunin. Har ila yau, ta ci gaba da lashe [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|lambar yabo ta Fina-Finan Afirka]] guda biyar daga zabuka takwas, da suka hada da Mafi kyawun Fim, Mafi kyawun Fim a Harshen Afirka da Hukumar Kula da Fina-Finan Fina-Finai da Bidiyo (NFVCB) na Mafi kyawun Fina-finan Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA 2020: 'The Milkmaid' wins big, see full list of winners {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/amaa-2020-the-milkmaid-wins-big-see-full-list-of-winners-2024081802343378743 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619045057/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/movies/amaa-2020-the-milkmaid-wins-big-see-full-list-of-winners-2024081802343378743 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-26 |title=AMAA 2020 Winners List - Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2020-winners-list/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425030803/https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2020-winners-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, ya lashe mafi kyawun Darakta a 2021 [[Best of Nollywood Awards]], kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma bikin fina-finai na Pan African a Los Angeles sun karbe shi. == Finafinai == * ''[[Render to Caesar]]'' - 2014 * ''[[The Milkmaid (fim)|The Milkmaid]]'' - 2020 == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8prtdqrbwpiv2vz9phs83xnqwsatt7q 0 118364 839491 724825 2026-05-23T21:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cikakken furotin''' ko '''furotin gabaɗaya''' tushen abinci ne na furotin wanda ke ƙunshe da isassun kaso na kowane mahimman amino acid guda tara waɗanda ake buƙata a cikin abincin ɗan adam. <ref name="myplate">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2017 |title=All About the Protein Foods Group |url=https://www.choosemyplate.gov/eathealthy/protein-foods |access-date=20 May 2018 |publisher=US Department of Agriculture |archive-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930014750/https://www.choosemyplate.gov/eathealthy/protein-foods |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mariotti |first=François |last2=Gardner |first2=Christopher D. |date=Nov 2019 |title=Dietary Protein and Amino Acids in Vegetarian Diets—A Review |journal=Nutrients |volume=11 |issue=11 |page=2661 |doi=10.3390/nu11112661 |pmc=6893534 |pmid=31690027 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Young |first=VR |last2=Pellett |first2=PL |date=May 1994 |title=Plant proteins in relation to human protein and amino acid nutrition. |journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=59 |issue=5 Suppl |pages=1203S–1212S |doi=10.1093/ajcn/59.5.1203S |pmid=8172124 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Ra'ayi == Abincin gina jiki yana da wuyar gaske saboda kowane [[Proteinogenic amino acid|amino acid na proteinogenic]] na iya zama [[Limiting factor|abin da ke iyakance]] ga [[metabolism]] . Haɗuwa da [[Livestock feed|ciyarwar dabbobi]] na iya haɓaka don haɓaka, ko rage tsada yayin kiyaye isasshen girma. Hakazalika, [[Human nutrition|abinci mai gina jiki na ɗan adam]] yana ƙarƙashin [[Liebig's law of the minimum|dokar Liebig mafi ƙanƙanta]] : Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci na ɗayan mahimman amino acid zai zama ƙayyadaddun abu a cikin metabolism. : Idan abun ciki na amino acid guda daya da ba makawa a cikin abinci bai kai abin da mutum ke bukata ba, to zai takaita amfani da sauran amino acid kuma ta haka zai hana yawan hadawa na yau da kullun koda kuwa adadin sinadarin nitrogen ya isa. Don haka "amino acid mai iyaka" zai ƙayyade ƙimar sinadirai na jimlar nitrogen ko furotin a cikin abincin. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} b1xjjcpxgdqnpz350mfnhsnzohojeth 0 118544 839490 725352 2026-05-23T21:07:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar abinci''', kamar yadda USDA ta bayyana, ita ce "wani cibiyar da ke tsakiya tare da tsarin gudanar da kasuwanci wanda ke sauƙaƙa tarawa, ajiya, sarrafawa, rarrabawa, da / ko tallace-tallace na kayan abinci da aka samar a cikin gida / yanki. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=USDA Blog » Getting to Scale with Regional Food Hubs |url=http://blogs.usda.gov/2010/12/14/getting-to-scale-with-regional-food-hubs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217055832/http://blogs.usda.gov/2010/12/14/getting-to-scale-with-regional-food-hubs/ |archive-date=December 17, 2010 |access-date=2016-10-15 |website=blogs.usda.gov}}</ref> Cibiyoyin abinci suna daga cikin tsarin tsarin tsarin tsarin ƙimar noma kuma galibi suna raba dabi'u na yau da kullun da suka shafi kiyayewa, dorewa, samun damar abinci mai lafiya, da tallafawa manoma na cikin gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Food Value Chains and Food Hubs: Supporting Local Producers Through Collaborative Planning, Aggregation, and Distribution {{!}} Agricultural Marketing Service |url=https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/local-regional/food-hubs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018110335/https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/local-regional/food-hubs |archive-date=2016-10-18 |access-date=2016-10-15 |website=www.ams.usda.gov}}</ref> Wani fasalin ma'anar cibiyoyin abinci shine gano tushen, amincin abinci da fa'idar talla wanda ke bawa masu amfani damar gano asalin samfuran da suke saya.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Food Hubs: Supply Chain Traceability to Enhance Local Food Systems |journal=Food Studies |volume=3}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofi na cibiyoyin abinci shine ba da ƙananan manoma da matsakaici damar zuwa manyan ko ƙarin kasuwanni. Cibiyoyin abinci kuma sun cika gibin a cikin tsarin abinci, kamar sufuri, ajiyar samfur, da sarrafa samfur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berti |first=Giaime |last2=Mulligan |first2=Catherine |date=2016-07-01 |title=Competitiveness of Small Farms and Innovative Food Supply Chains: The Role of Food Hubs in Creating Sustainable Regional and Local Food Systems |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=8 |issue=7 |pages=616 |doi=10.3390/su8070616 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake kamfanoni da kungiyoyi da suka dace da ma'anar USDA suna aiki a Amurka tun a farkon shekarun 1970, yawancin cibiyoyin abinci, da kuma amfani da kalmar, sun fara ne a cikin ko bayan 2008.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Findings of the 2013 National Food Hub Survey |url=http://www.ngfn.org/resources/ngfn-database/knowledge/2013%20Food%20Hub%20Survey%20Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716125227/http://www.ngfn.org/resources/ngfn-database/knowledge/2013%20Food%20Hub%20Survey%20Report.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-16 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> [[Fayil:Food_hub_concept.svg|right|thumb|340x340px|zane na cibiyar abinci]] == Ayyuka masu mahimmanci == Cibiyoyin abinci suna kula da wasu ko duk waɗannan: <ref name=":0"/> * Haɗuwa: Rubuta kayayyaki daga masu samarwa / gonaki daban-daban don rarraba ta hanyar tashar guda ɗaya * Rarraba: Ajiye kayayyaki da jigilar su zuwa abokin ciniki <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mittal |first=Anuj |last2=Krejci |first2=Caroline C. |last3=Craven |first3=Teri J. |date=January 2018 |title=Logistics Best Practices for Regional Food Systems: A Review |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=168 |doi=10.3390/su10010168 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Tallace-tallace da tallace-tsala: Neman masu siye, siyarwa da tallace'o'i, da kuma inganta alamun gonaki == Nau'o'in == Cibiyoyin abinci galibi ana rarraba su cikin nau'o'i daban-daban guda uku. * Retail ko Farm to Consumer (F2C): Wannan samfurin yana ba manoma damar shiga kasuwannin da ke da ƙima ta hanyar rarraba samfuran kai tsaye ga masu amfani akan layi, a cikin sararin sayarwa, ko ta hanyar biyan kuɗi na aikin gona (CSA). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2012 |title=Regional Food Hub Resource Guide |url=http://www.ngfn.org/resources/ngfn-database/knowledge/FoodHubResourceGuide.pdf |access-date= |website=}}</ref> * Kasuwanci ko Gona zuwa Kasuwanci / Cibiyar (F2B): Wannan samfurin yana ba manoma damar shiga manyan kasuwanni kamar makarantu, shagunan kayan masarufi, asibitoci, da gidajen cin abinci waɗanda ba za su iya samun su da kansu ba saboda rashin girma ko daidaito. Wannan hanyar tara kayayyaki don biyan buƙatun ƙarar da suka fi dacewa ga masu siye kuma yana sauƙaƙa musu sayen yanki a duk shekara.<ref name=":1" /> * Hybrid: Wannan samfurin ya haɗa da ayyukan tallace-tallace da na siyarwa.<ref name=":1" /> Ana iya kafa cibiyar abinci a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta, kasuwanci mai riba, ko hadin gwiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=A Guide for Scaling Up Food Hubs |url=https://nesfp.org/sites/default/files/resources/worldpeas_scalingupguide.pdf |access-date= |website= |archive-date=2024-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209175438/https://nesfp.org/sites/default/files/resources/worldpeas_scalingupguide.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kungiyar hadin gwiwar noma * Abinci na cikin gida == Manazarta == k83k1caq66f6dnwlbj4rd3lwq07nfxt 0 118781 839485 726322 2026-05-23T20:19:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Nazarin Gandun daji ta Ghana (FORIG)''' wata cibiyar bincike ce a ƙarƙashin [[Majalisar don Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu - Ghana|Majalisar Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu]] ta [[Ghana]] . <ref name="FORIG">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Forestry Research Institute of Ghana |url=https://csir-forig.org.gh/ |access-date=12 June 2011 |publisher=www.csir-forig.org.gh}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin dazuzzuka ta Ghana (FORIG), da ke [[Fumesua]] kusa da [[Kumasi]] a [[Yankin Ashanti]], tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyi 13 a ƙarƙashin Majalisar Nazarin Kimiyya da Masana'antu (CSIR). Ya fara ne a matsayin sashin bincike na gandun daji a 1962, ya zama Cibiyar Binciken Kayayyakin dazuzzuka a 1964, kuma an haɗa shi cikin CSIR a 1968. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forestry Research Institute of Ghana |url=https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=299&q=Forestry+Research+Institute+of+Ghana&cvid=36be1948364144e48e672b7aa778decc&gs_lcrp=EgRlZGdlKgYIABBFGDkyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhAMgYIAhAAGEAyBggDEAAYQDIGCAQQABhAMgYIBRAAGEAyBggGEAAYQDIGCAcQRRg8MgYICBBFGDzSAQgxMDc4ajBqMagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANNTA1&adppc=EDGEESS&PC=U531 |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Bing |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 1980, Dokar 405 ta Majalisar ta sauya cibiyar daga CSIR zuwa Hukumar Kula da dazuzzuka. An canza sunansa zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin dazuzzuka ta Ghana a cikin 1991 don nuna babban binciken da ta mayar da hankali. Koyaya, a cikin 1993, Dokar 453 ta mayar da cibiyar zuwa CSIR.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – CSIR – FORESTRY RESESEARCH INSTITUTE OF GHANA |url=https://forig.csir.org.gh/index.php/about-us-2/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ra'ayi. == Don zama cibiyar ƙwarewa a cikin binciken gandun daji a cikin wurare masu zafi == Manazarta == 6podvlmu54364zyexcgzlgd9ow2pvhq 0 119482 839488 741899 2026-05-23T20:38:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Obi Wali International Conference Centre''' cibiyar taro ce a [[Port Harcourt]], [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Ribas]], Najeriya. Sunan ta ne don girmamawa da tunawa da [[Obi Wali]], fitaccen dan siyasa daga Ikwerreland kuma gwamnatin jihar ke tafiyar da ita . An tsara shirye-shiryen gina cibiyar taron a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008. Ginin ya fara ne a shekarar 2012 kuma an bude wurin ne a hukumance don amfani da jama'a a shekarar 2014. == Abubuwan da suka faru == Jam'iyyar Demokradiyya ta Jihar Rivers ta dauki bakuncin taron ta a wannan wurin a shekarar 2016. * A ranar 10 ga Yuni 2016, an ba da sanarwar cewa za a gudanar da bikin bayar da kyautar fim din Afirka na 12 a wurin a ranar Asabar, 11 ga Yuni. * * Za a gudanar da taron Nigerian Optometric Association (NOA) da Expo 2016 a nan daga 13 zuwa 16 ga Yuli 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NOA Conference & Expo 2016/40th AGM |url=http://www.noaexpo2016.com/message.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807053429/http://www.noaexpo2016.com/message.html |archive-date=7 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=Noaexpo2016.com}}</ref> * * An gudanar da bikin gine-ginen Afirka ta Yamma (WAAF 2016) a ranar 24th-28 ga Oktoba a Cibiyar Taron Man Fetur da Gas ta Obi Wali <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2016 |title=WAAF 2016 WILL HOLD IN OCTOBER IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE NIGERIA |url=https://www.livinspaces.net/events/attend-west-african-architecture-festival/ |website=livin spaces |access-date=30 October 2025 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103211725/https://livinspaces.net/events/attend-west-african-architecture-festival/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * * An kuma gudanar da bikin gine-ginen Afirka ta Yamma (WAAF 2017) a ranar 24th-28 ga Oktoba a Cibiyar Taron Obi Wali <ref>{{Cite web |title=NIA plans West African Architecture Festival |url=https://guardian.ng/property/nia-plans-west-african-architecture-festival/}}</ref> * * Cibiyar Gine-gine ta Najeriya ta kuma sanar da cewa za a gudanar da bikin Yammacin Afirka na 2018 a Cibiyar Taron Obi-Wali <ref>{{Cite web |title=2018 West African Architecture Festival (WAAF) Event in Port Harcourt, Nigeria |url=https://www.finelib.com/events/festivals/west-african-architecture-festival-waaf-event-in-port-harcourt-nigeria/105 |website=www.finelib.com |language=en |access-date=2025-10-30 |archive-date=2025-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119150447/https://www.finelib.com/events/festivals/west-african-architecture-festival-waaf-event-in-port-harcourt-nigeria/105 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == dyijutoetx2h2s6bnrzeythceva2lyu 0 120445 839536 734567 2026-05-24T00:19:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Constance Ann Shulman''' (an haife ta ne a watan Afrilu 4, 1958 ) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka. A cikin 1987, Shulman ta samo asali ne a matsayin Annelle a farkon samar da ''Karfe Magnolias'' Off Broadway . Daga baya ta fito a cikin fina-finan ''Fletch Lives'' (1989), ''Maza Ba su Bar'' (1990), da ''Fried Green Tomatoes'' (1991). Ta bayyana Patti Mayonnaise a cikin sitcom ''Doug'' mai rai (1991-99) da fim ɗin 1999 ''Doug's 1st Movie'' . Ta buga Yoga Jones a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Netflix, ''Orange Is the New Black'' daga 2013 zuwa 2017. == Rayuwa da aiki == Wani ɗan ƙasar [[Johnson City, Tennessee]], Shulman ɗaya ne daga cikin 'ya'ya bakwai da Mista da Mrs. Herbert Lipner Shulman, suka haifa, ma'aurata Ba'amurke Ba-Amurke waɗanda kwanan nan suka ƙaura daga [[Fall River, Massachusetts]] . <ref name="HCreCS2" /> Ita ce kuma jikar alkali [[Sadie Lipner Shulman]] . A cikin 1980, ta sauke karatu daga [[University of Tennessee|Jami'ar Tennessee]] tare da digiri na farko a cikin magana da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta ƙaura zuwa Birnin New York don yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo a [[Circle in the Square Theatre School|Circle a cikin Makarantar gidan wasan kwaikwayo ta Square]] kuma ta ci gaba da aikin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin 1987, Shulman ya samo asalin rawar Annelle a farkon samar da ''[[Steel Magnolias (play)|Karfe Magnolias]]'' akan Off-Broadway. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gussow |first=Mel |date=1987-03-27 |title=Stage - 'Steel Magnolias,' A Louisiana Story |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/27/theater/stage-steel-magnolias-a-louisiana-story.html |access-date=2017-05-27 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> A cikin 1989, ta fara fitowa a allo a cikin fim ɗin ban dariya ''[[Fletch Lives]]'', tana wasa Cindy Mae. Daga baya ta sami ɓangarorin tallafi a cikin fina-finai ''[[Lost Angels|Lost Mala'iku]]'' (1989), ''[[Men Don't Leave|Maza Kada Ku Bar]]'' (1990), da ''[[Fried Green Tomatoes]]'' (1991). A talabijin, Shulman ya yi aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na murya, yana wasa Patti Mayonnaise akan ''Doug'' daga 1991 zuwa 1999. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2013 |title='Orange Is The New Black' Star Constance Shulman Voiced Patti Mayonnaise On 'Doug' (PHOTO) |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/07/24/orange-is-the-new-black-doug-constance-shulman_n_3643643.html |access-date=May 21, 2015 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref> A farkon 1990s, Shulman ya fito a cikin jerin tallace-tallace na Kraft mayonnaise . Har ila yau, ta kasance memba na yau da kullum a cikin gajeren lokaci na 1996 [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] sitcom, ''The Faculty'', wasa mafi kyawun aboki na halin Meredith Baxter, da Dolly Parton ba tare da CBS sitcom ''Heavens to Betsy'' (1994). A ƙarshen 1990s Shulman ta bar allon don rainon 'ya'yanta guda biyu. A cikin 2013, an jefa Shulman a matsayin mai maimaitawa a matsayin "Yoga Jones" a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo [[Netflix|na Netflix]], ''Orange Is the New Black'' . Tare da sauran 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ta sami lambar yabo ta Guild Actors Screen Award for External Performance by An Essemble in a Comedy Series in 2015, 2016 and 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCue |first=Michelle |date=January 25, 2015 |title=BIRDMAN, DOWNTON ABBEY Big Winners At 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards |url=http://www.wearemoviegeeks.com/2015/01/birdman-downton-abbey-big-winners-21st-screen-actors-guild-awards/ |access-date=June 12, 2015 |website=We Are Movie Geeks}}</ref> Ta bar jerin bayan wasanni biyar a 2017 kuma ta fito a cikin jerin wasan karshe a 2019. Daga baya ta fito a cikin fina-finai na ''Nasty zuwa'' 2015 da kuma (2015) da ''Mafi Girma Murder'' da 201 bako-tauraro akan ''Doka &amp;amp; oda: Sashin Wadanda aka Laifi na Musamman'', ''Babban Birni'', da kuma ''The Blacklist'' . A cikin 2015, Shulman ya yi tauraro a cikin Off-Broadway samar da ''Barbecue'' yana karɓar zaɓin Barbecue . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbecue |url=http://www.iobdb.com/Production/6047 |website=www.iobdb.com |access-date=2025-11-14 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114222417/https://www.iobdb.com/Production/6047 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2018, Shulman ta sami kyakkyawan bita da lambar yabo ta Drama Desk Award don Fitacciyar Jarumar Fitacciyar Jaruma a Zaɓen Play saboda rawar da ta yi a cikin wasan ''Bobbie A bayyane'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Constance Shulman – Broadway Cast & Staff &#124; IBDB |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/constance-shulman-518538#Awards |website=www.ibdb.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Jesse |date=April 4, 2018 |title=Review: In 'Bobbie Clearly,' It's Crime, Punishment and Then What? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/03/theater/bobbie-clearly-review-roundabout-underground.html |website=The New York Times |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> A cikin 2019 ta yi a cikin farfadowar Broadway na ''Tattoo Rose'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rose Tattoo – Broadway Play – 2019 Revival &#124; IBDB |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-rose-tattoo-522730}}</ref> A cikin 2021, Shulman ta yi tauraro a cikin fina-finai masu zaman kansu ''Ba da Haihuwa ga Butterfly'' suna wasa tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kamar Norma Desmond, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Loayza |first=Beatrice |date=May 16, 2023 |title='Giving Birth to a Butterfly' Review: Melancholy and Menace |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/16/movies/giving-birth-to-a-butterfly-review.html |website=The New York Times |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> da ''Strawberry Mansion'' . Dukansu fina-finan sun sami kyakkyawan sharhi daga masu suka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2023 |title=Giving Birth to a Butterfly - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/giving_birth_to_a_butterfly |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2022 |title=Strawberry Mansion - Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/strawberry_mansion |website=www.rottentomatoes.com}}</ref> A cikin 2022, tana da rawar da ta taka akai-akai a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na HBO Max, ''Partyungiyar Bincike'' kuma daga baya an jefa ta azaman jerin yau da kullun a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Showtime ''The Curse'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Otterson |first=Joe |date=July 7, 2022 |title=Showtime Comedy Series 'The Curse' Casts Corbin Bernsen, Barkhad Abdi, Constance Shulman (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/showtime-the-curse-cast-corbin-bernsen-barkhad-abdi-constance-shulman-1235311305/}}</ref> A cikin 2023 ta yi tauraro a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Manhattan Theater Club na ''Mafi Kyawun Zamu Iya'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Naveen |date=March 6, 2023 |title=Review: In 'The Best We Could,' the Players Follow Directions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/06/theater/the-best-we-could-mtc-review.html |website=The New York Times |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mj6dxrpgxpjr38jzylsy2l42p859q17 0 121598 839613 780099 2026-05-24T08:32:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Didymo_sign_on_gate.JPG|right|thumb|Alamar bayanai ta didymo a ƙofar a Canterbury, New Zealand.]] A shekara ta 2004 an gano '''''Didymosphenia geminata''''', wani diatom da aka fi sani da didymo ko dutse, <ref name="dpiw-tassie">{{Cite web |date=2013-11-04 |title=DPIPWE - Didymo (Rock Snot) |url=http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter,nsf/WebPages/CART-6R6923?open |access-date=2013-12-01 |publisher=Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment(Dpiw.tas.gov.au)}}</ref> an gano shi a New Zealand, karo na farko da aka gano shi a Kudancin Hemisphere. Don hana yaduwarsa, an ayyana dukan tsibirin Kudancin New Zealand a matsayin yanki mai sarrafawa a cikin Disamba 2005. Duk abubuwa, kamar jiragen ruwa, kayan kamun kifi, tufafi, da motoci, waɗanda ke cikin rafi, kogi ko tafkin, dole ne a tsaftace su kafin su shiga wata hanyar ruwa. Biosecurity New Zealand da ke aiki tare da Muhalli Southland, AgriQuality da Kifi da Game New Zealand sun ƙaddamar da babban gangamin wayar da kan jama'a don ƙarfafa masu amfani da kogin su tsaftace kayan aikin su bayan amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin ruwa da abin ya shafa. Wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe ya yi nasara sosai, tare da 99% na masu amfani da ruwa da aka bincika a cikin 2008 a cikin Kudancin Island suna sane da didymo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Didymo Stakeholder Update - 31 October 2008 |url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/didymo/update-31-10-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212200059/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/didymo/update-31-10-08 |archive-date=2013-02-12 |access-date=2013-12-01 |publisher=MAF Biosecurity New Zealand www.biosecurity.govt.nz}}</ref> == Sakamakon da ba daidai ba == Didymo na iya yin tasiri mai mahimmanci akan kwarin da ke zama tushen abinci ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa. Yana iya samar da manyan algal blooms. Yana sanya gadajen ƙorafi su zama slim, wanda ke haifar da haɗari ga masu yin iyo. Didymo blooms kuma yana haifar da haɗari ga: samar da wutar lantarki, ban ruwa da amfani da ruwa na nishaɗi.<ref name="dpiw-tassie"/> Didymo yana toshe matattarar ruwan sha na gida.<ref name="crux1">{{Cite web |title=Fix sorted for slime in Wānaka water |url=https://crux.org.nz/crux-news/fix-sorted-for-slime-in-wanaka-water/ |access-date=23 September 2022 |website=Crux |language=en-NZ}}</ref> == Yaduwa == A cikin Oktoban 2004, an sami wani girma mai ban mamaki a cikin ƙananan kogin Waiau a Southland. Cibiyar Nazarin Ruwa da Ruwa ta Kasa ta gano algae a matsayin Didymosphenia geminata kuma ta tabbatar da cewa ita ce ganowar farko ta New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Incursion Chronology 2004 |url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/didymo/incursion#2004 |access-date=2010-07-25 |publisher=MAF Biosecurity New Zealand www.biosecurity.govt.nz |archive-date=2010-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624063810/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/didymo/incursion#2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2005, an gano yawan mutanen didymo a cikin kogin Hāwea, Buller, Ōreti da Upper Clutha. Ana gudanar da gwajin iyakancewa a magudanar ruwa ta Arewa Island da sauran tsarin kogin Kudancin Tsibirin don gano yadda didymo ya yadu a New Zealand. A cikin Oktoba 2007, an gano matattun ƙwayoyin didymo a cikin samfuran ruwa na yau da kullun daga kogin Whanganui, Tongariro, Whakapapa, da rafin Mangatepopo a tsakiyar Tsibirin Arewa, tare da MAF da ake zargin ƙarin gurɓatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2007 |title=Fears didymo is spreading |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/1423255 |access-date=2007-10-31 |publisher=[[TVNZ]] |archive-date=2012-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006220114/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/1423255 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin Oktoba 2009, an gano didymo a cikin Upper Rangitata River a Canterbury. Kogin Rangitata na Upper an san shi da ɗayan mahimman wuraren zama na kogin don ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan bakin gaba, wrybill da sararin samaniya mai haɗari ga galaxias mai tsayi. In February 2010, didymo was detected in the Waimakariri River. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010, an gano didymo a cikin Kogin Riuwaka, Kogin Pearse da Kogin Maruia a yankin Nelson-Tasman a saman Tsibirin Kudancin. == Hana yaduwar == MAF Biosecurity New Zealand ta ba da shawarar hanyoyin da ke biyowa don hana yaduwar didymo a New Zealand: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Didymo Cleaning Methods |url=http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/didymo/cleaning |access-date=2010-07-25 |publisher=MAF Biosecurity New Zealand www.biosecurity.govt.nz |archive-date=2010-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721031409/http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests/didymo/cleaning |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Bincike''': Kafin barin kogin, cire duk ƙullun algae a bayyane kuma ku nemi kumburi na ɓoye. Bar su a wurin. Idan kun sami dunƙule daga baya kada ku wanke su cikin magudanar ruwa, ku bi su da hanyoyin da aka yarda da su a ƙasa, bushe su kuma saka su a cikin kwandon shara. '''Tsabtace''': Tsabtacewa da kuma share duk abubuwa na akalla minti daya a cikin ruwa mai zafi (60 ° C), mafita ta 2% na bleach na gida ko mafita ta 5% na gishiri, mai tsabtace hannu ko wanki. Dry: Idan tsaftacewa ba ta da amfani (misali dabbobi, dabbobi), bayan abu ya bushe gaba ɗaya jira ƙarin awanni 48 kafin tuntuɓar ko amfani a kowane hanyar ruwa. == Dubi kuma == * [[Stirrai da suke mamaye a New Zealand|Dabbobi masu mamayewa a New Zealand]] * Karewa a New Zealand == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.mpi.govt.nz/outdoor-activities/boating-and-watersports-tips-to-prevent-spread-of-pests/check-clean-dry/] a Ma'aikatar Masana'antu ta Farko * [http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/threats-and-impacts/biosecurity/didymo/ Shafin Didymo] a [[Ma'aikatar Karewa (New Zealand)|Ma'aikatar Karewa]] t4btlxf8voudk1t32n892ffmxy8l9pf 0 122137 839415 788807 2026-05-23T17:00:57Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ +dtb 839415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''As-Sahab''' Media ( Larabci : السحاب, "The Cloud") reshen watsa labarai ne na hukuma na ainihin jagorancin Al-Qaeda mai tushe a Pakistan da Afghanistan. Tana fitar da kafafen yaɗa labarai da ke dauke da asali na hudubobi da jawabai daga manyan kwamandojin Al-Qaeda da kuma hotunan ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa da kungiyar Al-Qaeda ke aiwatarwa. [1] Baya ga fitar da su cikin Larabci, wasu bidiyoyin da aka buga sun zo da fassarar Turanci. As-Sahab yana samar da bidiyoyi masu inganci "kuma an yi imanin cewa an fara samar da shi a cikin shekarar 2001 tare da hannun Adam Yahiye Gadahn . <ref name="Kohlmann">{{Cite web |last=Kohlmann |first=Evan |date=May 18, 2008 |title=Where's the beef? Mystery grows surrounding whereabouts of Adam Gadahn |url=http://counterterrorismblog.org/2008/05/wheres_the_beef_mystery_grows.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091013141652/http://counterterrorismblog.org/2008/05/wheres_the_beef_mystery_grows.php |archive-date=October 13, 2009 |access-date=8 May 2012 |website=Counterterrorism Blog}}</ref> == Tashoshi na yanki == Tashoshi na As-Sahab sun kasu kashi-kashi na yankunansu da kuma fitattun ƙungiyoyin Al-Qaeda na yankunan, wadannan tashoshi suna dauke da hotuna na musamman na yanki da jawabai daga nasu shugabannin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kohlman |first=Evan |date=2009 |title=Prominent Jihad Media Organizations in Central Asia |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/abbottabad-compound/F3/F3C107E83E79035F79728F26322A1B25_nefajihadmedia0309.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408075125/https://www.cia.gov/library/abbottabad-compound/F3/F3C107E83E79035F79728F26322A1B25_nefajihadmedia0309.pdf |archive-date=2019-04-08 |website=CIA {{!}} NEFA Foundation}}</ref> Az-Zallaqa Media, [[Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin|Nusrat al-Islam]] a yammacin Afirka Al-Andalus Media, [[Al-Qaeda a cikin Maghreb na Musulunci|Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Magrib]] Al-Malahem Media ( lit. ' ), Al-Qaeda in the Arab Peninsula Al-Kataib Media ( lit. ' ), [[Al-Shabaab (ƙungiyar Mayaƙa)|Al-Shabaab]] a Gabashin Afirka == Shirya shirye-shiryen talabijin == Kungiyar na amfani da fasahar zamani wajen samar da bidiyon ta. Fitar da bidiyon "Shekaru 5 Bayan Tafiya [[September 11 attacks|Manhattan Raid]]" ya nuna sabon ma'auni da aka kwatanta da ingancin samarwa da manyan hanyoyin sadarwar talabijin suka samu. Bidiyo da sauti (dangane da abin da aka samo asali, wasu daga cikinsu an rubuta su) galibi suna da kyan gani, kuma fassarar fassarar ba ta da kura-kurai na nahawu da na rubutu kuma wani lokacin ma suna bayyana [[Musulunci]] - takamaiman ra'ayi. A cikin 2005 an fitar da wani shiri na CBC, mai suna, ''Media Jihad - As-Sahab Foundation'', wanda ya gano asalin As-Sahab. == Hanyar bayarwa == A baya can, an san Al-Qaeda tana isar da bidiyo da sauti ta hanyar matacciyar hanya ta hanyar amfani da masinjoji masu ɗauke da faifai ko tuƙi. Duk da haka, an canza hanyar isar da abinci a watan Janairun 2006 bayan wani hari ta sama a kan taron Al-Qaeda kusa da Damadola, Pakistan. Yanzu As-Sahab ta saki kafafen yada labaranta a yanar gizo. == Filmography == * ''Ilimi Ne Don Yin Aiki Akan: Raid na Manhattan'' (2006); bidiyo na mintuna 97 da ke bayyana dalilan harin na Satumba 11 <ref name="ia">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2008 |title=Media Jihad - As Sahab Foundation |url=http://forums.islamicawakening.com/showthread.php?p=104771 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713063542/http://forums.islamicawakening.com/f18/media-jihad-as-sahab-foundation-12387/#post104771 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=26 February 2015 |website=Islamic Awakening Forums |publisher=vBulletin Solutions, Inc. }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713063542/http://forums.islamicawakening.com/f18/media-jihad-as-sahab-foundation-12387/#post104771 "Media Jihad - As Sahab Foundation"]. ''Islamic Awakening Forums''. vBulletin Solutions, Inc. 18 May 2008. Archived from [http://forums.islamicawakening.com/showthread.php?p=104771 the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713063542/http://forums.islamicawakening.com/f18/media-jihad-as-sahab-foundation-12387/ |date=2011-07-13 }} on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> * ''Amurka Burns'' (2021); bidiyo na minti 14 game da raguwar Amurka == Duba kuma == * Bidiyon Osama bin Laden * Bidiyon Ayman al-Zawahiri == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Gidan jaridu]] 7jnisdgp9o7wbxxuloj6rw9xp4b6yly 0 123826 839537 749636 2026-05-24T00:24:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Ma'aikatar hakar ma'adinai ta Coolgardie''''' (18 Afrilu 1894 - 16 Yuni 1911) jarida ce ta mako-mako da aka kafa a Coolgardie, Yammacin Ostiraliya, a lokacin da Coolgardie shine gari mafi shahara a yankin filayen zinare na Yammacin Ostiraliya. An buga littafin da ya biyo baya mai taken iri ɗaya (1 Maris 1913 - 29 Disamba 1917) a lokacin da Kalgoorlie ke mamaye filayen zinare, kuma raguwar Coolgardie a matsayin cibiya ta fara aiki. An buga jarida ta uku mai wannan suna a shekarar 1935, ta daina a shekarar 1957 lokacin da aka haɗa ta da '''''Babban Labaran Gabas''''', wanda ya daina bugawa a shekarar 1958. == Tarihi == === Kafawa === William Edward "Billy" Clare ne ya kafa wannan jarida tare da taimakon Edwin Greenslade Murphy, wanda, a matsayinsa na "Dryblower", ya ba da gudummawar wani shafi na tsegumi na mako-mako. Mai zane mai ban dariya Ben Strange ya shiga jaridar a shekarar 1894. Editan farko shi ne George Williams, wanda a da shi ne wakilin haƙar ma'adinai na ''[[Argus (Melbourne)|Melbourne Argus]]'' . Frederick Vosper ya kasance edita wani lokaci kafin Afrilu 1895. == Samuwa == An mayar da fitowar wannan jaridar ta hanyar dijital a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Dijital na Jaridun Australiya, <ref>{{Citation}} - published between 4 July 1957 to 28 August 1958</ref> wani aiki na Laburaren Ƙasa na Australiya tare da haɗin gwiwar Laburaren Jiha na Yammacin Ostiraliya . Ana kuma samun kwafin takardu da ƙananan takardu na ''Coolgardie Miner'' a ɗakin karatu na jihar Western Australia. <ref name="cat1935">{{Cite web |title=Coolgardie Miner |url=http://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1744536?lang=eng |access-date=8 October 2015 |website=State Library of Western Australia catalogue }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}} - published between 4 July 1957 to 28 August 1958</ref> == Duba kuma == * ''Kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Kalgoorlie'' * ''Yammacin Argus'' * Jerin jaridu a Ostiraliya * Jerin jaridu a Yammacin Ostiraliya == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} k13smwk8t5kr1eq7witiejvrriwz2jz 0 124608 839518 751890 2026-05-23T21:29:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839518 wikitext text/x-wiki Mata 'yan asalin Amurka suna fuskantar matsanancin tashin hankali na jima'i daga cin zarafin baki zuwa lahani na jiki, gami da amma ba'a iyakance su ga cin zarafin gida da na jima'iwa ba. Irin waɗannan cin zarafin ba wai kawai suna haifar da mummunar tasiri ga mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin su ba har ma suna sakewa a duk al'ummarsu, suna kara ƙalubalen zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ending Violence Against Native Women {{!}} Indian Law Resource Center |url=https://indianlaw.org/issue/ending-violence-against-native-women |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=indianlaw.org}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin shawarwari ya jaddada maido da ikon kabilanci a cikin gurfanar da laifuka da aka aikata a cikin yankunan 'yan asalin ƙasar, dabarar da aka nufa don inganta lissafi da adalci a cikin al'umma. Masu ba da shawara suna yin kira ga gyare-gyaren majalisa don tabbatar da cewa ana ɗaukar maza da ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba a ƙarƙashin dokokin gida ko na ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ending Violence Against Native Women {{!}} Indian Law Resource Center |url=https://indianlaw.org/issue/ending-violence-against-native-women |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=indianlaw.org}}</ref> == Kididdiga == === Rahoton Amnesty International na "Maze of Injustice" === Amnesty International, a cikin rahotonta "Maze of Injustice: Rashin kare mata 'yan asalin daga cin zarafin jima'i a Amurka", ya gabatar da muryoyin wadanda suka tsira daga cin zarafinsu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Maze of Injustice: the failure to protect indigenous women from sexual violence in the USA |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/mazeofinjustice.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724015602/https://www.amnestyusa.org/pdfs/mazeofinjustice.pdf |archive-date=2018-07-24 |access-date=2023-07-02}}</ref> Wannan binciken, wanda aka gudanar a cikin 2005 da 2006 a fadin Standing Rock Sioux Reservation, Oklahoma, da Alaska, ya haɗa da ganawa da wadanda abin ya shafa, kabilanci, jihohi, da jami'an tilasta bin doka na tarayya, masu gabatar da kara, da alƙalai na kabilanci. Rahoton ya nuna cewa akwai tsoro da aka samu a tsakanin 'yan asalin mata cewa hare-haren da suka yi ba za a magance su ba, wanda hakan ya haifar da karancin rahoto.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken adalci ga waɗannan mata sau da yawa yana nufin kewayawa a cikin kabilanci, jihohi, da dokar tarayya, inda tambayoyin iko ke jinkirta ko ma hana shari'o'i daga jin. Rahoton ya gano dalilai da yawa da ke taimakawa ga waɗannan rashin adalci, gami da rashin horo da rashin isasshen martani daga jami'an 'yan sanda, rashin biyan kuɗi na tsarin adalci, ƙuntatawa na tarayya akan ikon kotunan kabilanci, da nuna bambanci na tsarin. Shari'ar Oliphant v. Suquamish ta 1978, wacce ta hana kotunan kabilanci gurfanar da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba, ta kara rikitar da lamarin.<ref name=":2"/> === Rahoton Binciken Cibiyar Shari'a ta Kasa === Wani rahoto na 2016 da Cibiyar Shari'a ta Kasa ta fitar, ya tattara bayanai daga Indiyawan Amurka 3,978 da 'yan asalin Alaska (mata 2,473 da maza 1,505), kuma ya gano cewa fiye da rabin matan da aka bincika sun fuskanci tashin hankali na jima'i a wani lokaci. Musamman, kashi 56.1% sun ba da rahoton fuskantar tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rayuwarsu, kuma kashi 14.4% sun fuskanci irin wannan tashin hankali a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Violence Against American Indian and Alaska Native Women and Men |url=https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/violence-against-american-indian-and-alaska-native-women-and-men |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=National Institute of Justice |language=en}}</ref> Rahoton ya kuma nuna yawan tashin hankali na jiki da abokan hulɗa suka yi, tare da kashi 55.5% na mata masu amsawa da suka ba da rahoton fuskantar irin wannan tashin hankali a rayuwarsu. A cikin shekara kafin binciken, kashi 8.6% na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun kasance wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na abokin tarayya.<ref name=":3" /> === Abokin hulɗa na kasa da Binciken Cin zarafin Jima'i === Waɗannan binciken da aka yi daga Binciken Abokan Hulɗa da Cin Zarafin Jima'i na Ƙasa (NISVS) sun nuna tashin hankalin da manyan 'yan asalin Amurka da Alaska suka fuskanta.[1] alkaluman da aka ruwaito sun nuna cewa kashi 83 cikin 100 na waɗannan mutane, ko kusan mutane miliyan 3, sun fuskanci wani nau'in tashin hankali a rayuwarsu. Wannan tashin hankalin ya kama daga cin zarafi ta fuskar tunani zuwa cin zarafi ta zahiri ta hanyar abokan hulɗa na kud da kud, cin zarafi, ko cin zarafin jima'i. Mata da maza a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi ana cin zarafi a irin wannan adadin, tare da kashi 84.3 cikin 100 na mata da kashi 81.6 cikin 100 na maza. [tabbacin da ya gaza] Duk da haka, mata suna fuskantar yawan cin zarafi da cin zarafi ta hanyar jima'i idan aka kwatanta da maza. Dangane da cin zarafi a rayuwa, matan 'yan asalin Amurka da Alaska sun fuskanci cin zarafi sau 1.2 fiye da matan 'yan asalin Caucasian, yayin da maza daga waɗannan al'ummomin ke fuskantar cin zarafi sau 1.3 fiye da mazan Caucasian. Fiye da mata biyu cikin biyar 'yan asalin Amurka da Alaska sun sami rahoton raunuka na jiki sakamakon wannan tashin hankalin, kuma kusan rabin ayyukan da ake buƙata, galibi kula da lafiya da ayyukan shari'a. Fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku ba su sami damar samun waɗannan ayyukan ba. Yawancin waɗanda aka ci zarafin sun fuskanci aƙalla wani tashin hankali ɗaya da wani ɗan wata kabila daban ya aikata. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] Wannan adadin shine kashi 97 cikin ɗari ga mata da kashi 90 cikin ɗari ga maza, yayin da ƙarancin waɗanda aka ci zarafin sun fuskanci tashin hankali daga Ba'amurke Ba'amurke ko Ba'amurke ... == Ƙoƙarin Tarayya == === Shirin Harin Jima'i na Ƙabilar === Shirin Ayyukan Harin Jima'i na Ƙabilar (TSASP), wanda Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ke gudanarwa, wani shiri ne na ingantawa da fadada ayyuka ga wadanda aka yi wa fyade a cikin al'ummomin kabilanci. Matsayin shirin yana da faɗi sosai, yana rufe ƙauyukan Indiya da Alaska Native.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) {{!}} Tribal Sexual Assault Services Program {{!}} United States Department of Justice |url=https://www.justice.gov/ovw/tribal-sexual-assault-services-program |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609220127/https://www.justice.gov/ovw/tribal-sexual-assault-services-program |url-status=dead }}</ref> An tsara ayyukan TSASP don samar da sabis kai tsaye ga wadanda aka yi wa fyade, kamar shiga cikin rikici, biye da hanyoyin kiwon lafiya da shari'a, shawarwari, da sauran ayyukan tallafi. Shirin kuma yana da niyyar inganta ikon kabilun, kungiyoyin kabilun da kungiyoyin kabilu marasa riba don amsa bukatun wadanda aka yi wa fyade yadda ya kamata da kuma hankali.<ref name=":4" /> Hakanan ana iya amfani da kudade daga shirin don haɓaka da haɓaka dabarun da suka dace da al'adu da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi rauni. Manufar ba kawai don samar da taimako nan take ga wadanda abin ya shafa ba har ma da ƙirƙirar canji na tsarin a cikin al'ummomin kabilanci don magance cin zarafin jima'i da sakamakonsa.<ref name=":4"/> Baya ga ayyukan kai tsaye, TSASP tana inganta daidaituwa tsakanin hukumomin tilasta bin doka da masu gabatar da kara na kabilanci, tarayya, da jihohi don tabbatar da amsa mai tasiri ga abubuwan da suka faru na cin zarafin jima'i a cikin ikon kabilanci. Babban burin shirin shine rage yaduwar tashin hankali na jima'i a cikin al'ummomin kabilanci da kuma inganta damar samun adalci da ayyukan warkarwa ga wadanda abin ya shafa.<ref name=":4" /> === Rahoton Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka === Sa'an nan, don mayar da martani ga matakan tashin hankali na cikin gida, cin zarafin jima'i, da kuma bin diddigin da matan 'yan asalin Amurka suka samu, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka (DOJ) ta fara matakai da yawa don inganta martani na tarayya ga waɗannan laifuka da tallafawa kokarin kabilanci don tabbatar da lafiyar mata 'yan asalin ƙasar. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2012-11-29 |title=Protecting Native American and Alaska Native Women from Violence: November is Native American Heritage Month |url=https://www.justice.gov/archives/ovw/blog/protecting-native-american-and-alaska-native-women-violence-november-native-american |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en}}</ref> Wani rahoto na DOJ na 2004 wanda ya yi amfani da bayanai daga 1992-2002, ya gano cewa mutanen da ke cikin Amurka masu shekaru 12 da haihuwa suna fuskantar cin zarafin jima'i 5,900 a kowace shekara. Rahoton ya kuma gano cewa 'yan asalin ƙasar a Amurka suna da sau biyu da za su fuskanci fyade / cin zarafin jima'i idan aka kwatanta da sauran kabilu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ending Violence Against Native Women {{!}} Indian Law Resource Center |url=https://indianlaw.org/issue/ending-violence-against-native-women |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=indianlaw.org}}</ref> Kusan rabin dukkan matan 'yan asalin Amurka sun fuskanci fyade, tashin hankali na jiki, ko bin abokin tarayya na kusa, kuma daya daga cikin mata uku na Indiya za su fuskanci raunin fyade a wani lokaci a rayuwarta. Bugu da ƙari, yawan kisan gillar matan 'yan asalin Amurka a wasu wuraren ajiya ya wuce matsakaicin ƙasa sama da sau goma.<ref name=":5"/> Don yaki da wannan yanayin, DOJ ta kaddamar da wani shiri kan tsaron jama'a a cikin al'ummomin kabilanci, ta umarci Lauyoyin Amurka da su ba da fifiko ga tashin hankali ga mata a ƙasar Indiya, kuma ta kara da sabbin Mataimakin Lauyoyin Indiya 28 a cikin 2010 don kara yawan tuhumar manyan laifuka.<ref name=":5" /> An kafa rundunar sojin cin zarafin mata ta tarayya / ta kabilanci don taimakawa wajen bunkasa shawarwarin da suka fi dacewa da kayan aiki game da gurfanar da cin zarafin laifukan mata a kasar Indiya. Ofishin kan tashin hankali kan mata (OVW) ya kirkiro wani yanki na kasa kan cin zarafin mata na 'yan asalin ƙasar kuma ya aiwatar da aikin SAFESTAR don magance tattarawa da adana shaidar cin zarafin jima'i a yankunan karkara da yankunan da ke ware.<ref name=":5"/> Ofishin wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka (OVC) na tallafawa kokarin inganta ikon Indiyawan Amurka da Alaska 'yan asalin ƙasar don samar da sabis ga wadanda aka yi wa fyade ta hanyar Jinya ta Jima'i ta Jima-Jima'i (SANE-SART). Don taimakawa wajen samar da cikakkun bayanai ga gwamnatocin kabilun Indiya, OVW ta fitar da takardar neman izinin Tsaro na Kasa. Har ila yau, OVW ta ba da sanarwar zabar kabilun huɗu don Cin zarafin Mata na Musamman na Ƙabilar Amurka (SAUSA), wanda ke da niyyar kara yiwuwar cewa ana gurfanar da kowane tashin hankali da za a yi wa mata laifi.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eqnyj4kz9usk4jwqhq6r48jljxoq28e 0 125015 839342 753131 2026-05-23T14:41:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ceawlin Henry Laszlo Thynn, Marquess na 8 na Bath (/ˈsiːɔːlɪn/; SEE-aw-lin; an haife shi 6 Yuni 1974), mai suna '''Viscount Weymouth''' tsakanin 1992 da 2020, ɗan Burtaniya ne, cikak3n dan ƙasa, kuma ɗan kasuwa, mai aiki a kamfanoni a cikin nishaɗi, yawon shakatawa, ƙasa da sabis na kuɗi. <ref name="linkedin.com">{{Cite web |title=Ceawlin Thynn |url=http://www.linkedin.com/pub/ceawlin-thynn/1/69a/aa3 |access-date=26 September 2016 |website=linkedIn}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a Hammersmith, <ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> ɗan farko kuma ɗan na biyu na Alexander Thynn, Marquess na 7 na Bath, da matarsa Anna Gyarmathy, Ceawlin Thynn ya yi karatu a Makarantar Firamare ta Horningsham, makarantar ƙauye kusa da gidan dangin Longleat, a Wiltshire, sannan a Makarantar Kingdown a Warminster da Makarantar Bedales a Hampshire; daga ƙarshe ya karanta tattalin arziki da falsafar a Kwalejin Jami'ar London. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2004 |title=The viscount who cleaned the loos |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/the-viscount-who-cleaned-the-loos-7288412.html |access-date=26 September 2016 |website=thisislondon.co.uk |archive-date=19 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819203625/http://www.standard.co.uk/news/the-viscount-who-cleaned-the-loos-7288412.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sanya masa suna ne bayan Ceawlin na Wessex, an haife shi jim kadan bayan mahaifinsa ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar majalisar Wessex Regionalists a Westbury a babban zaben Burtaniya na Fabrairu 1974. <ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> A shekara ta 1996, Thynn ya ji rauni a wani gini da ya rushe a New Delhi, Indiya, da farko an yi tunanin cewa bam din ta'addanci ne ya haifar da shi, wanda ya kashe budurwarsa, Jane Kirby, da abokin kasuwancinsa, Crinan Wilde . <ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref><ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> == Ayyukan kasuwanci == Thynn ya fara aikinsa na kasuwanci a matsayin kwararren kwararre a kasuwannin saka hannun jari na London Caspian Securities, kafin ya zama abokin tarayya a Sabre Projects, kamfanin ci gaban ƙasa. A Sabre ya hada wani aiki tare da Group Menatep, kamfanin riƙewa na kamfanin mai mafi girma na Rasha a lokacin, Yukos, don haɓaka otal na tsakiya a kowane babban birni a Rasha.<ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref><ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> A shekara ta 2008, Thynn ya kafa Lion Trust, wata motar mai zaman kanta wacce shi ne shugabanta.<ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> Lion Trust yana saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwannin da suka manyanta da masu tasowa.<ref name="linkedin.com"/><ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> Tun daga watan Yunin 2010, Thynn ya kasance darektan Finmetron AB, wani kamfani na Sweden wanda ke ba da sabis a Rasha.<ref name="linkedin.com"/><ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref><ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> Daga 2010 har zuwa 2013, Thynn ya kasance shugaban zartarwa na Wombat's Holdings GmbH - jerin masauki a Jamus da Austria - bayan ya sami rinjaye a cikin kamfanin.<ref name="linkedin.com"/><ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> A cikin 2013, tsoffin masu mallakarta sun sayi kamfanin.<ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Longleat == A watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, Thynn ya zama shugaban Longleat Enterprises, wani kamfani mai iyaka wanda ke kula da bukatun kasuwanci a Longleat House da Safari Park a gidan dangin Longleat, Wiltshire, da kuma ayyukan kasuwanci a [[Cheddar Gorge]], a cikin Mendip Hills a Somerset . <ref name="linkedin.com2">{{Cite web |title=Ceawlin Thynn |url=http://www.linkedin.com/pub/ceawlin-thynn/1/69a/aa3 |access-date=26 September 2016 |website=linkedIn}}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 2010, mahaifin Thynn ya ba shi kula da kasuwancin iyali. Bayan wannan ritaya, Thynn ya hayar da sabon shugaban zartarwa, David Bradley, tsohon na [[Legoland]]. Tare, sun yi aiki tare da masu zanen kaya daga Hollywood don inganta gidan da wurin shakatawa; ƙari ga wurin shakatawa sun haɗa da "Jungle Kingdom", "Monkey Temple", da "Hunters of the Sky".<ref name="telegraph.co.uk2" /><ref name="linkedin.com2" /> A watan Satumbar 2013, Bradley ya yi murabus, kuma a watan Fabrairun 2014 an hayar Amurka Bob Montgomery don wannan rawar. <ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref><ref>Jasper Gerard, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/wildlife/8469300/Ceawlin-Thynn-interview-It-was-a-different-normality-says-the-young-lion-of-Longleat.html Ceawlin Thynn interview: It was a different normality, says the young lion of Longleat] // The Telegraph, 22 April 2011</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] ==manazarta == heqk4u8zlmwydk877fv7dlkhagi24h7 0 125050 839425 789112 2026-05-23T17:43:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christopher Nigel Banks''' [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] <ref name="Honours">{{Cite web |date=2003-06-13 |title=2003 Queen's Birthday Honours List |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2987844.stm |access-date=2020-03-17 |publisher=BBC.com}}</ref> (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya. Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Birmingham tare da digiri na BA a [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] da [[Faransanci]] 1980. Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Aston tare da digiri na MBA a shekarar 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shibley Rahman |date=2011-06-24 |title=Chris Banks, From Latin To Coca Cola |url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-entrepreneurs/876/chris-banks-from-latin-to-coca-cola |access-date=2015-04-01 |publisher=Businessbecause.com |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214222907/http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-entrepreneurs/876/chris-banks-from-latin-to-coca-cola |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin aikinsa na kasuwanci, Banks yana da matsayi na tallace-tallace da kuma gudanarwa tare da Grand Metropolitan (yanzu Diageois), Allied Domecq, HP Bulmer da Mars. Ya kasance Manajan Darakta na [[Coca-cola|Coca-Cola]] Great Britain daga 1997 zuwa 2001.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=2010-09-27 |title=Chris N Banks Speaker Profile |url=http://www.national-training.com/events/conferences/eec2010/ChrisNBanksSpeakerProfile.php |access-date=2015-04-01 |publisher=National-training.com |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214222353/http://www.national-training.com/events/conferences/eec2010/ChrisNBanksSpeakerProfile.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, an ba shi suna Ernst &amp;amp; Young Entrepreneur of the Year (Consumer Products, London). A rayuwar jama'a, ya kasance [[Mataimakin shugaban Jami'a|Shugaba]] [[Learning and Skills Council|Kwamitin Ilimi da Kwarewa]], Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Ayyuka na Kasa, da Kwamishinan Mata da Aiki. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Kungiyar Kwalejin Mai Zaman Kanta . A shekara ta 2011, ya kammala bita mai zaman kansa a cikin kudade da haɗin gwiwar a cikin Ci gaba da Ilimi. Shi ne Shugaban Cibiyar Jama'a (PCF). Shi ne Shugaban [[Directgov]] . Shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Birmingham . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shibley Rahman |date=2011-06-24 |title=Chris Banks, From Latin To Coca Cola |url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-entrepreneurs/876/chris-banks-from-latin-to-coca-cola |access-date=2015-04-01 |publisher=Businessbecause.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shibley Rahman |date=2011-06-24 |title=Chris Banks, From Latin To Coca Cola |url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-entrepreneurs/876/chris-banks-from-latin-to-coca-cola |access-date=2015-04-01 |publisher=Businessbecause.com |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214222907/http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-entrepreneurs/876/chris-banks-from-latin-to-coca-cola |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Profile2">{{Cite web |date=2010-09-27 |title=Chris N Banks Speaker Profile |url=http://www.national-training.com/events/conferences/eec2010/ChrisNBanksSpeakerProfile.php |access-date=2015-04-01 |publisher=National-training.com |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214222353/http://www.national-training.com/events/conferences/eec2010/ChrisNBanksSpeakerProfile.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An nada Banks a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) a shekara ta 2003 don hidimomi ga matasa da marasa aikin yi.<ref name="Profile"/><ref name="Honours"/> An ba shi digiri na girmamawa na Doctor of the University (DUniv) daga Jami'ar Birmingham a shekarar 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shibley Rahman |date=2011-06-24 |title=Chris Banks, From Latin To Coca Cola |url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-entrepreneurs/876/chris-banks-from-latin-to-coca-cola |access-date=2015-04-01 |publisher=Businessbecause.com |archive-date=2015-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214222907/http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-entrepreneurs/876/chris-banks-from-latin-to-coca-cola |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==manazarta == n2dnu8m0iyjyw6wl9zbpv3gkb9ooiw3 0 125186 839523 789123 2026-05-23T22:13:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Second Class Citizen wani littafi ne na 1974 na marubucin Najeriya [[Buchi Emecheta]] . An fara buga shi a London, Ingila, ta hanyar Allison da Busby, inda editan Emecheta shine [[Margaret Busby]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Osborne |first=Deirdre |author-link=Deirdre Osborne |date=14 January 2021 |title=Emecheta, Florence Onyebuchi [Buchi] (1944–2017) |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380218 |website=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |via=research.gold.ac.uk}}</ref> kuma daga baya George Braziller ya buga shi a Amurka a 1975. Sau da yawa ana bayyana shi a matsayin rabin tarihin rayuwa, littafin ya ƙunshi labarin Adah, babban hali na littafi, mace ta Najeriya wacce ta shawo kan tsananin rinjaye na kabilanci na mata da kuma matsaloli masu yawa don cimma rayuwa mai zaman kanta da 'ya'yanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Benecia L. |date=Fall 1997 |title=Emecheta, Buchi {{!}} Biography |url=https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/10/emecheta-buchi/ |website=Postcolonial Studies @ Emory |publisher=Emory University |access-date=2025-12-27 |archive-date=2025-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211023526/https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/postcolonialstudies/2014/06/10/emecheta-buchi/ |url-status=dead }} Updated May 2017.</ref> Ta ƙaura daga Najeriya zuwa London, inda ta fuskanci yanayin rayuwa mai wahala da auren tashin hankali ga Francis. Littafin ya binciki jigogi na jinsi da aure, addini da shige da fice. == Tarihi == Wannan ci gaba ga littafin Emecheta na 1972 In the Ditch an rubuta shi ne bayan Emecheta ta bar aurenta mara farin ciki kuma tana kiwon 'ya'yanta biyar a matsayin uwa ɗaya. A shafin keɓewa ga Class Citizen na Biyu, marubucin ya yi nuni da "ya'yana ƙaunatattun, Florence, Sylvester, Jake, Christy da Alice, ba tare da sautin bango mai dadi ba za a rubuta wannan littafin ba". == Takaitaccen Bayani == Adah yarinya ce baƙar fata 'yar Najeriya daga yankin Ibo na wannan ƙasar. Ta fito ne daga Ibuza kuma tana zaune a Legas. Tana mafarkin ƙaura zuwa Ƙasar Ingila. Bayan mahaifinta ya mutu, an tura Adah ta zauna tare da dangin kawunta. Ta je makaranta a Najeriya kuma tana aiki da ofishin jakadancin Amurka a matsayin magatakarda na ɗakin karatu. Biyan kuɗi daga aikin ya isa ya sa ta zama amarya mai kyau ga Francis. Francis ya yi tafiya zuwa Ƙasar Ingila tare da taimakon Adah don nazarin lissafi. Ita ce mai kula da iyalinta da dangin mijinta. Adah ta shawo kan dangin mijinta cewa ita da yaran ma suna cikin Burtaniya. Francis ya yi imanin cewa su mazauna aji na biyu ne a Ƙasar Ingila saboda ba 'yan ƙasar ba ne. Adah ta sami aiki tana aiki a wani ɗakin karatu kuma tana biyan kuɗin da suka kashe, yayin da take ba da kulawa ta farko ga yaransu. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar ɗanta na huɗu, Adah ta rubuta littafi bisa rayuwarta. Ta nuna wa wasu daga cikin abokanta a ɗakin karatu, wadanda suka karfafa mata gwiwa kuma suka shawarce ta ta nuna wa mai bugawa. Amma lokacin da ta kuma nuna wa Francis rubutun, sai ya jefa littafin cikin wuta. Wannan ya fusata Adah, wanda ya yi yaƙi da barin shi kuma ya ɗauki yaran tare da ita. Koyaya, Francis ya nemi su a sabon wurin su kuma ya doke Adah ba tare da tausayi ba a ƙoƙarin dawo da ita gida, duk da cewa tana da ciki sosai da ɗansu na biyar. Adah ta amsa ta hanyar neman shiga tsakani na shari'a. Kotun ta umarci Francis ya nisanta su kuma an umarce shi da ya biya tallafin yara, wanda ya amsa cewa bai damu ba idan an sanya yara don tallafi. Wannan ya kara fusata Adah, wanda ya bayyana wa kotun cewa yaran nata ne kuma ba za ta taba barin su ba muddin tana da rai. Littafin ya ƙare tare da Adah da 'ya'yanta suna barin kotun da nasara. A kan hanyarsu ta fita, Adah ta haɗu da tsohuwar abokiyarta daga Najeriya, wanda ke biyan kuɗin taksi ta dawo gida. == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == Hermione Harris ya rubuta a cikin Race & Class: "Daga yawancin littattafai game da launin fata da al'ummomin baƙar fata a Burtaniya waɗanda suka bayyana a cikin shekarun 1960 da farkon shekarun 1970, yawancin sun rubuta ta hanyar fararen malamai waɗanda suka damu da dangantakar da ke tsakanin fararen al'umma da baƙar fata 'baƙi'. 'Yan kaɗan ne suka fito daga waɗanda ke karɓar ƙarshen wariyar launin fata na Burtaniya ko 'yanci na kwarewar kansu. A kan takamaiman halin mata baƙar fata akwai kusan komai.[1] An buga sabon bugu na littafin don jerin Penguin Modern Classics a watan Oktoba 2020, bayan shekaru da yawa da ba a buga su ba. John Self a cikin ''[[The Guardian]]'' ya rubuta cewa, duk da kasancewa a cikin ''Granta''<nowiki/>'s Best of Young British Novelists list a 1983, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa Emecheta "...ba ta sami shafi na inci ba. Don haka yana da adalci mai tsawo cewa tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Granta alumni, tare da [[Martin Amis|Martin Amigos]] da Shiva Naipaul, da za a inganta su zuwa jerin Penguin Modern Classics. " == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6kqlnsandq4d0zurjsr5ublofsw28mg 0 125727 839474 755304 2026-05-23T19:09:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Fasaha ta Taitung''' ( traditional Chinese ) [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce a [[Taitung|birnin Taitung]], gundumar Taitung, [[Taiwan]]. == Tarihi == Taitung Theatre ne ya kafa cibiyar a shekarar 2004 a matsayin wurin da masu fasaha na gida za su nuna baiwarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2021 |title=Taitung Performing Art Center |url=https://museums.moc.gov.tw/EN/MusData/Detail?museumsId=47c7e655-d5ca-45f7-bb8f-0826618b1e26 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=Museums |publisher=Ministry of Culture |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228032742/https://museums.moc.gov.tw/EN/MusData/Detail?museumsId=47c7e655-d5ca-45f7-bb8f-0826618b1e26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2021 |title=Taitung Performing Art Center |url=https://tour.taitung.gov.tw/en/attraction/details/735 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=Taitung, Taiwan's Treasure}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin wuraren shakatawa na masu yawon bude ido a Taiwan == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 86krbg765rdqz5dg57z1clv9q48u45n 0 125878 839570 755735 2026-05-24T05:33:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Doak''' (/ˈdoʊk/ DOHK) Mai tsara wasan bidiyo ne na Arewacin Ireland. Asalinsa daga Belfast, <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak talks Haze - Page 2, 11 June 2007. |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008062620/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |archive-date=8 October 2012 |access-date=11 March 2011 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak (Person) |url=https://www.giantbomb.com/david-doak/3040-58450/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Giant Bomb}}</ref> daga baya ya koma Ingila, inda ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a kan ƙwarewar ilmin sunadarai <ref name="Linked">{{Cite web |title=David Doak's profile |url=http://www.linkedin.com/pub/david-doak/3/928/906 |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Linkedin.com}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya mai bincike. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2002 |title=Free Radical Splits GameCube |url=http://cube.ign.com/articles/374/374211p1.html |access-date=2011-03-11 |publisher=[[IGN]] |archive-date=2010-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216061724/http://cube.ign.com/articles/374/374211p1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Doak ya fara aikin wasan bidiyo yana aiki tare da Rare inda ya ba da tallafin cibiyar sadarwa ga Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble! kuma ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ''[[GoldenEye 007 (1997 video game)|GoldenEye 007]]'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak talks Haze - Page 2, 11 June 2007. |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008062620/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |archive-date=8 October 2012 |access-date=11 March 2011 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> da Perfect Dark don [[Nintendo 64]]. An yi amfani da kamannin fuskarsa da sunansa don [[Non-player character|halin da ba mai kunnawa ba]] a cikin ''GoldenEye 007'', masanin kimiyya mai suna Dr. Doak . Da yawa daga cikin masu gadi suna ɗauke da kamanninsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak (Person) |url=https://www.giantbomb.com/david-doak/3040-58450/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Giant Bomb}}</ref> Doak da mai shirya wasan bidiyo Graeme Norgate ya bar Rare a 1998 <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak talks Haze - Page 2, 11 June 2007. |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008062620/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |archive-date=8 October 2012 |access-date=11 March 2011 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> don fara Free Radical Design . Daga can ya yi aiki a jerin wasannin bidiyo ''TimeSplitters'' da wasu wasannin bidiyo guda biyu da ake kira ''Haze'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak (Person) |url=https://www.giantbomb.com/david-doak/3040-58450/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Giant Bomb}}</ref> da Second Sight <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2002 |title=Free Radical Splits GameCube |url=http://cube.ign.com/articles/374/374211p1.html |access-date=2011-03-11 |publisher=[[IGN]] |archive-date=2010-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216061724/http://cube.ign.com/articles/374/374211p1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak talks Haze - Page 2, 11 June 2007. |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008062620/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |archive-date=8 October 2012 |access-date=11 March 2011 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> Doak ya bar Free Radical - wanda yanzu ake kira Deep Silver Dambuster Studios - a cikin 2009 kuma ya kafa nasa ɗakin karatu na [[Nottingham]], Zinkyzonk, wanda zai haɓaka wasanni don [[Fezbuk|Facebook]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak talks Haze - Page 2, 11 June 2007. |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008062620/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |archive-date=8 October 2012 |access-date=11 March 2011 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> Kamfanin ya samo asali ne daga gidansa na Pumpkin Beach. Zinkyzonk ya fitar da wasan sa na farko, Gangsta Zombies, a ranar 11 ga Yulin 2010 tare da haɗin gwiwar Jolt Online Gaming. An rushe kamfanin a watan Afrilun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2002 |title=Free Radical Splits GameCube |url=http://cube.ign.com/articles/374/374211p1.html |access-date=2011-03-11 |publisher=[[IGN]] |archive-date=2010-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216061724/http://cube.ign.com/articles/374/374211p1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2016, Doak yana ba da laccoci a Jami'ar Norwich of the Arts . <ref name="Linked"/> On 19 May 2021, Deep Silver announced the reformation of Free Radical Design with David Doak and Steve Ellis as studio heads to make a new ''TimeSplitters'' game.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Doak talks Haze - Page 2, 11 June 2007. |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008062620/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/david-doak-talks-haze-interview?page=2 |archive-date=8 October 2012 |access-date=11 March 2011 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref> On 11 December 2023, the reformed Free Radical Design was closed down, and the new ''TimeSplitters'' game has been cancelled as a result. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ncauefbcllfwsi9htltqo68d77xeist 0 126507 839573 757400 2026-05-24T06:07:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David William Gay''' <ref name="NGB bio">{{Cite web |title=Resume of Service Career |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Special-Staff/Senior-Leader-Management-Office/General-Officer-Management/bio-show/519/ |access-date=2022-06-27 |publisher=National Guard Bureau |archive-date=2023-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118084157/https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Special-Staff/Senior-Leader-Management-Office/General-Officer-Management/bio-show/519/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya kasance Adjutant Janar na jihar [[Connecticut]] daga 1992 zuwa 1999. Ya fara aikin soja tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka kuma daga baya ya koma Sojoji. Ya yi aiki sama da shekaru 39 a cikin soja. == Ilimi == Gay ta sami digiri na Associate of Science a cikin karatun gaba ɗaya da kuma tilasta bin doka daga Kwalejin Jama'a ta Manchester . Daga nan ya sami digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar Jihar Connecticut ta Gabas. Gay ya kuma halarci darussan a Jami'ar Tsaro ta Kasa, Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka da Kwalejin Janar, Jami'ar Air da Kwaleji ta Sojojin Sojojin Amirka.<ref name="NGB bio"/> == Ayyukan soja == Gay ya tafi horo na asali a cikin Marine Corps a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1953. An sallame shi daga Marine Barracks a Submarine Base, bayan ya yi watanni 20 a Koriya. Bayan shekaru uku na aiki, ya sauya zuwa USMC Reserve, kafin ya shiga cikin Connecticut National Guard a cikin Nike Missile Program. An sallame shi daga cikin masu shiga a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 1962, don karɓar kwamiti a matsayin mataimakin na biyu bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Artillery ta Sojojin Amurka, Ft. Sill, OK.<ref name="capitolwords.org">{{Cite web |title=Tribute to Maj. Gen. David W. Gay &#124; Capitol Words |url=http://capitolwords.org/date/1999/05/27/S6442-2_tribute-to-maj-gen-david-w-gay/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131220143728/http://capitolwords.org/date/1999/05/27/S6442-2_tribute-to-maj-gen-david-w-gay/ |archive-date=2013-12-20 |access-date=2013-12-20}}</ref> Ya shafe farkon aikinsa a cikin 1st Missile Battalion, ya zama kwamandan batir. Ya sauya zuwa sojan ƙasa a 1971, ya kasance a can har zuwa 1977. Ya ci gaba da tashi a cikin matsayi kuma ya yi aiki na shekaru biyu a matsayin Jami'in Dukiya da Haraji na Amurka (USPFO) daga 1989 zuwa 1992. === Naɗa zuwa Adjutant Janar === Tare da murabus din kwatsam na Manjo Janar John T. Gereski a watan Maris na shekara ta 1992, Gwamna Lowell P. Weicker ya nada shi a matsayin Adjutant Janar. An tabbatar da shi a matsayin janar brigadier na Sojojin Amurka a ranar 11 ga Maris, 1993.<ref name="NGB bio"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 1993 |title=PN60-1 — Army — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/103rd-congress/60/1 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=U.S. Congress}}</ref> Bayan Gay ya kammala wa'adin Gereski, Gwamna Weicker ya nada shi zuwa cikakken wa'adin shekaru hudu daga ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1994. Ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin Adjutant Janar a karkashin Gwamna John G. Rowland har zuwa 31 ga Mayu, 1999, lokacin da ya yi ritaya. == Bayan soja == Manjo Janar Gay ya kasance mai aiki a fagen jama'a bayan ya kasance Adjutant Janar. Gwamna Rowland ya nada Janar Gay a matsayin shugaban. Shirye-shiryen 2K na Jiha a cikin kwamitin sa. A farkon shekara ta 2000, an nada shi shugaban kasa da Shugaba na OPSAIL 2000 CT (The International Tall Ships). An nada shi a cikin kwamitin amintattu na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Al'umma a Connecticut a cikin watan Fabrairun 2002 na Babban Taron Connecticut kuma an kuma nada shi a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Ka'idojin Jama'a na Ofishin Ka'idoji na Jiha a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2011. Kyautar soja mafi girma da ya samu ita ce Metal na Tsaro. Kyaututtuka na farar hula sun hada da: Kyautar Kasa don Amurka daga UNICO, Kyautar Cibiyar Tasiri daga Cibiyar Da'a ta California. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] ge05irqcsr3ku04ylo9f6ce4e9ws3qm 0 126548 839531 757581 2026-05-23T23:40:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Coco Juku (COCO), wanda ke tsaye don ''Kwarewar Sadarwa'', makarantar tattaunawa ce ta Turanci (''[[eikaiwa]]'') a [[Japan]]. [[Nichii Gakkan]] ne ya kafa makarantar a shekarar 2012, wanda kuma ya mallaki makarantar tattaunawa ta Turanci Gaba Corporation. Darussan Coco Juku sun fara ne a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 2012, kuma shirin "Coco Junior" na yara ya fara ne a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013. <ref>Coco Juku [http://jr.cocojuku.jp/info/ 子ども向け英語スクールをお探しならCOCO塾ジュニア] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214224603/http://jr.cocojuku.jp/info/ |date=2015-02-14 }} Retrieved June 11, 2014 {{In lang|ja}}</ref> Daga 2013 ya kuma fara bayar da darussan Jafananci a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jafananci don baƙi". A ranar 31 ga Maris, 2018, Coco Juku ya ƙare aiki. Kamfanin iyayenta har yanzu yana gudanar da makarantu a ƙarƙashin sunan Coco Juku don yara, Coco Jaku Junior . <ref>Nikkei website [http://release.nikkei.co.jp/detail.cfm?relID=305576&lindID=5 ニチイ学館、英会話スクール「COCO塾」を開講] Retrieved June 1, 2012 {{Webarchive}}</ref> Wadannan duk an rufe su ne a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2020.<ref>Coco Juku [http://jr.cocojuku.jp/info/ 子ども向け英語スクールをお探しならCOCO塾ジュニア] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214224603/http://jr.cocojuku.jp/info/ |date=2015-02-14 }} Retrieved June 11, 2014 {{In lang|ja}}</ref> == Rassa == A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2012, Coco Juku ya buɗe don kasuwanci a wurare shida, kuma ya shirya buɗe wurare 92 a cikin shekara ta farko.[1] Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2015 yana da wurare 80 a duk faɗin Japan.[2] Ya zuwa Disamba 2018 yana da 72. Bayan rashin aikin kasuwanci an rufe 51 daga cikin wuraren a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2019 tare da sauran an rufe su ba da daɗewa ba. == Ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi == Coco Juku ya buƙaci duk ma'aikata, gami da malamai na kasashen waje, su kasance cikin ƙungiyarsu ta cikin gida, (ニチイ学館) . === Babban Tarayyar === ==== Biyan kuɗi na ƙarshe ga ma'aikata ==== ==== Rufewar kamfanin ==== Bayan an sanar da rufe kamfanin a farkon 2019, an ba masu koyar da Turanci ko dai kunshin tsagaitawa na watanni uku ko kuma a canja su zuwa Gaba Corporation, wanda Nichii Gakkan ke mallakar. Janar Union ta tattauna da kamfanin kuma ta sami ci gaba da aiki a 100% biyan albashi yayin da ake ci gaba da tattaunawa. == Talla == Bayan kamfen ɗin talla na farko na 2012 wanda ke nuna "Dr Coco", mutumin waje da ya dace, kamfanin ya canza tack kuma, daga baya a cikin 2012, ya ƙaddamar da jerin tallace-tallace ta amfani da sanannen ɗan wasan Japan Yūsuke Iseya . == Dubi kuma == * Nichii Gakkan * Kamfanin Gaba == Manazarta == 2tlcvxykgj8hhd4dsz4ry6m7345yyxa 0 126798 839561 758297 2026-05-24T04:03:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel "Danny" Francisco López Romo''' (Janairu 28, 1945 - Satumba 20, 2024), ya kasance Lauyan Amurka na Puerto Rican na Gundumar Puerto Rico, Brigadier Janar kuma mataimakin babban hafsan sojan sama, Puerto Rico Air National Guard . Shi ne jami'in Hispanic na farko da aka nada a Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Air National Guard ta Alkalin Sojojin Sama ta Amurka a shekarar 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=BRIGADIER GENERAL DANIEL F. LOPEZ-ROMO |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/portals/31/Features/ngbgomo/bio/8/865.html |access-date=September 23, 2024 |website=ww.nationalguard.mil |publisher=National Guard Bureau, General Officer Management Office |archive-date=September 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923142529/https://www.nationalguard.mil/portals/31/Features/ngbgomo/bio/8/865.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == López Romo an haife shi a San Juan, Puerto Rico . Ya kammala makarantar sakandare daga Colegio Ponceño a shekarar 1962. Ya sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Puerto Rico a Mayagüez, a shekarar 1966 inda ya shiga Beta Activo na Phi Sigma Alpha fraternity a shekarar 1963. Ya sami Juris Doctor daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Interamerican ta Puerto Rico a shekarar 1969. Ya kuma kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Air Command da Staff ta hanyar wasiƙa a shekarar 1982. == Lauyan Gundumar Amurka == Shugaba [[Ronald Reagan]] ne ya nada shi a matsayin Lauyan Amurka na Gundumar Puerto Rico a shekarar 1982 kuma an sake nada shi sau da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=BRIGADIER GENERAL DANIEL F. LOPEZ-ROMO |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/portals/31/Features/ngbgomo/bio/8/865.html |access-date=September 23, 2024 |website=ww.nationalguard.mil |publisher=National Guard Bureau, General Officer Management Office |archive-date=September 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923142529/https://www.nationalguard.mil/portals/31/Features/ngbgomo/bio/8/865.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga bisani ya zama shugaban ofishin. Yayinda yake shugaban ofishin lauyan Amurka a Puerto Rico ya bincika kuma ya gurfanar da shari'o'i daban-daban da suka shafi kisan gillar Cerro Maravilla ciki har da tuhume-tuhumen da aka yi wa jami'an 'yan sanda 10 wadanda a baya aka yaba da su a matsayin jarumawa. Ya kuma taimaka wajen kusan rushe kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta [[Boricua Popular Army|Macheteros]] ta hanyar kama 15 daga cikin mambobinta a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 1985, bayan fashi na dala miliyan 7 na Wells Fargo. == Ayyukan soja == Bayan shekaru biyu a cikin [[Army ROTC|ROTC na Sojoji]] ya tafi ROTC na Air Force inda ya sami kwamishinsa a matsayin Lieutenant na biyu a cikin [[United States Air Force|Sojojin Sama na Amurka]] a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1966. Ya yi aiki daga 1970 zuwa 1974 a matsayin mataimakin alƙali mai ba da shawara, 3902nd Airlift Bomb Wing a Offutt Air Force Base. Daga 1974 har zuwa 1978 ar HQ ARPC (AFRES), a [[Denver|Denver, Colorado]]. Ya fara aikinsa tare da Rundunar Tsaro ta Puerto Rico a shekarar 1978 a matsayin jami'in ma'aikatan da ke ba da shawara, 156th Combat Support Squadron a Muñiz Air National Guard Base har zuwa 1985. Mai ba da shawara ga alƙali, Hedikwatar, Puerto Rico ANG, San Juan, P.R daga 1985 zuwa 1993. Daga 1993 har zuwa Afrilu 2001 ya rike mukamin mataimakin janar janar na Air, Puerto Rico Air National Guard . Daniel López Romo ya yi ritaya bayan jimlar shekaru 35 na hadin gwiwar aikin soja tsakanin shekaru 5 a kan aikin Air Force da shekaru 30 a cikin Puerto Rico Air National Guard. A cikin 2025, an shigar da Daniel López Romo bayan mutuwarsa a cikin Hall of Fame na Tsohon Sojojin Puerto Rico. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 38vg87jgp0h2a070jnam6n6o33wrxu0 0 126804 839575 758314 2026-05-24T06:07:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David W. May''' ya yi ritaya Brigadier Janar ne a cikin Sojojin Sama na Amurka kuma tsohon Adjutant Janar na Wisconsin National Guard . == Ayyuka == An ba da David W. May a matsayin jami'in Sojojin Sama na Amurka a shekarar 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brigadier General David W. May |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Special-Staff/Senior-Leader-Management-Office/General-Officer-Management/bio-show/3667/ |publisher=National Guard |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2025-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013004739/https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Special-Staff/Senior-Leader-Management-Office/General-Officer-Management/bio-show/3667/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga cikin ayyukansa na farko an ajiye shi a Misawa Air Base a [[Japan]] tare da 301st Intelligence Squadron. Bayan ya dawo Amurka, daga bisani aka nada shi Babban Jami'in Kungiyar Horar da 737 a Lackland Air Force Base. Daga 2005 zuwa 2007, an sanya Mayu a Pentagon . Daga baya, ya yi aiki tare da Kwamandan Sufuri na Amurka kafin ya shiga Wisconsin Air National Guard . Tare da Wisconsin Air National Guard, May ya kasance Kwamandan Kwamandan 54th Civil Support Team daga 2011 har zuwa 2015, daga baya ya biyo bayan wasu lakabi ciki har da Mataimakin Adjutant Janar. A shekara ta 2024, ya zama Babban Adjutant Janar na Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brigadier General David W. May |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Special-Staff/Senior-Leader-Management-Office/General-Officer-Management/bio-show/3667/ |publisher=National Guard |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2025-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251013004739/https://www.nationalguard.mil/Leadership/Joint-Staff/Special-Staff/Senior-Leader-Management-Office/General-Officer-Management/bio-show/3667/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == * Jami'ar Jihar Kent * Jami'ar Michigan * Jami'ar Capella * Makarantar Jami'an Squadron * Kwalejin Air Command da Staff * Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka da Kwalejin Janar * Kwalejin Yakin Sama ta Amurka * Makarantar Sakandare ta Sojan Ruwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jajc8cn2l4nc7vqr6si34wqd2a9hicl 0 126819 839379 758351 2026-05-23T15:56:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles L. Moore Jr.''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1966) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Talk |first=David Popiel Just Plain |date=September 29, 2017 |title=Major General Moore: From flying F-16s to cyber warfare |url=https://www.newportplaintalk.com/opinion/just_plain_talk_-_david_popiel/article_a738e54f-4d7e-58ef-8480-d8f19865ab4c.html |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=The Newport Plain Talk |language=en}}</ref> ya yi ritaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2022 |title=Senior leader announcement: Week of July 5 |url=https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3082679/senior-leader-announcement-week-of-july-5/ |website=[[United States Air Force]]}}</ref> janar janar na Sojojin Sama na Amurka wanda ya yi aiki na karshe a matsayin mataimakin kwamandan Kwamandan Cyber na Amurka. <ref name="biography">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=May 15, 2021 |title=Lieutenant General Charles L. Moore Jr. (USAF) |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/2336304/charles-l-moore-jr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515204556/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/2336304/lieutenant-general-charles-l-moore-jr |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |access-date=August 5, 2021 |publisher=U.S. Air Force}}</ref> Ya kasance Mataimakin Darakta na Ayyukan Duniya na Ma'aikatan Haɗin gwiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Commander, USCYBERCOM |url=https://www.cybercom.mil/About/Leadership/Bio-Display/Article/1335069/deputy-commander-uscybercom/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2025-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405211933/https://www.cybercom.mil/About/Leadership/Bio-Display/Article/1335069/deputy-commander-uscybercom/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Yulin 2020, Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka ta tabbatar da ci gabansa zuwa janar janar da kuma gabatarwa don zama mataimakin kwamandan Cyber Command, ya maye gurbin Mataimakin Admiral Ross A. Myers na Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2020 |title=Cyber Command is getting a new deputy commander |url=https://www.fifthdomain.com/dod/cybercom/2020/06/09/cyber-command-is-getting-a-new-deputy-commander/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2020 |title=Senate Confirms New Bosses of AMC, ACC |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/senate-confirms-van-ovost-kelly/}}</ref> A lokacin aikinsa Moore ya kasance matukin jirgi na F-16 Fighting Falcon kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin matukin jirage mai koyarwa a Makarantar Makamai ta USAF. Yana da sama da sa'o'i 3,000 na lokacin jirgin sama, gami da sa'a 640 na yaƙi. Dokokin da ya bayar sun hada da 555th Fighter Squadron, [[332nd Expeditionary Operations Group]], 20th Fighter Wing, da 57th Wing.<ref name="biography2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=May 15, 2021 |title=Lieutenant General Charles L. Moore Jr. (USAF) |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/2336304/charles-l-moore-jr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515204556/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/2336304/lieutenant-general-charles-l-moore-jr |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |access-date=August 5, 2021 |publisher=U.S. Air Force}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da kayan ado == {| |[[Fayil:USAF_Cyberspace_Operator_Badge-Master.png|120x120px]] |Jagoran Mai Gudanar da Yanayi na Yanayi |- |[[Fayil:COMMAND_PILOT_WINGS.png|120x120px]] |Alamar Jirgin Sama ta Amurka |- |[[Fayil:Seal_of_the_United_States_Cyber_Command.png|90x90px]] |Alamar Kwamandan Cyber na Amurka |- |[[Fayil:Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_seal_(2).svg|98x98px]] |Alamar Shugabannin Haɗin Kai |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qvum29rf6e0fpxvsn1aodl6p910uft3 0 127663 839389 760491 2026-05-23T16:08:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839389 wikitext text/x-wiki   {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Charles Uwadia</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Charles Uwadia</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasancewa ɗan ƙasa | class="infobox-data category" |[[Nigerian|Na Najeriya]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ilimi | class="infobox-data" |Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Legas |} '''Charles Uwadia''' [[farfesa]] ne a sashen Kimiyya na Kwamfuta, a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. Shi ne president kuma shugaban majalisar hukumar rajistar masu sana'ar Kwamfuta ta Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2017-07-30 |title=IT curriculum in Nigerian universities undergoing review, says Prof Uwadia, CPN boss |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/curriculum-nigerian-universities-undergoing-review-says-prof-uwadia-cpn-boss/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Charles Uwadia |url=https://2021.eko-konnect.org.ng/prof-charles-uwadia/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321233428/https://2021.eko-konnect.org.ng/prof-charles-uwadia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogunfuwa |first=Ife |date=2020-07-07 |title=CPN to induct 500 IT professionals |url=https://punchng.com/cpn-to-induct-500-it-professionals/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi == Charles ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a fannin Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] a shekarar 1979, kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a Kimiyya a shekarar 1983, sai kumaDokta na Falsafa a Kimiyya na Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Legas a shekarar 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2017-07-30 |title=IT curriculum in Nigerian universities undergoing review, says Prof Uwadia, CPN boss |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/curriculum-nigerian-universities-undergoing-review-says-prof-uwadia-cpn-boss/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya yi aiki a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban sashe a Jami'ar Legas 1996 - 1998, kuma ya biyo baya a matsayin mukamin darektan cibiyar kwamfuta 2003 - 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2017-07-30 |title=IT curriculum in Nigerian universities undergoing review, says Prof Uwadia, CPN boss |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/curriculum-nigerian-universities-undergoing-review-says-prof-uwadia-cpn-boss/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi memba ne na Ƙungiyar Injin Kwamfuta (ACM) da Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Injiniyoyin Injiniya (IEEE), kuma mabiyi na Ƙungiyar Kwamfuta ta Najeriya (NCS). Ya rike mukamai da yawa na jagoranci a cikin bangaren fasahar bayanai na Najeriya, ciki har da zama Shugaban Kungiyar Kwamfuta ta Najeriya daga shekarar 2007 zuwa 2011, kuma a matsayin president da Shugaban Majalisar Rijistar Kwararrun Kwamfuta ta Nigeria (CPN) daga shekarar 2017 zuwa yanzu. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Eko-Konnect da Ilimi. <ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2017-07-30 |title=IT curriculum in Nigerian universities undergoing review, says Prof Uwadia, CPN boss |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/curriculum-nigerian-universities-undergoing-review-says-prof-uwadia-cpn-boss/ |access-date=2025-04-16 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] js99piafrlst4s9squd9ngvb6v4he0q 0 128731 839481 763443 2026-05-23T20:03:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Muhalli ta Irish''' (IEN) wata cibiyar sadarwa ce ta [[Non-governmental organization|ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu]] na muhalli (NGOs) waɗanda aka kafa a shekara ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carr |first=Sarah |date=2021-02-23 |title=Minister Ryan announces “substantial increase" of 70% in funding for environmental NGOs |url=https://www.limerickpost.ie/2021/02/23/minister-ryan-announces-substantial-increase-of-70-in-funding-for-environmental-ngos/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=Limerick Post Newspaper |language=en-GB |archive-date=2021-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923204007/https://www.limerickpost.ie/2021/02/23/minister-ryan-announces-substantial-increase-of-70-in-funding-for-environmental-ngos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An tsara cibiyar sadarwar don ba da damar isa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da kuma wasu lokutan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. IEN kuma tana da ginshiƙin muhalli wanda ke aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar masu fafutuka tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa don gabatar da damuwarsu ga gwamnati da al'amuran manufofi a kowane mataki, na ƙasa, yanki da na gida. IEN ta kuma tsara shirin bayar da kyaututtukan daukar hoto, kuma tana kula da gidan yanar gizon Green News wanda ke ba da labaran labarai daban-daban na muhalli a Ireland da ƙasashen waje. <ref>{{Cite web |title=We are the IEN |url=https://ien.ie/ |access-date=7 December 2017 |publisher=IEN}}</ref> == Membobi == Membobin Cibiyar Kula da Muhalli ta Ireland sun haɗa da: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carr |first=Sarah |date=2021-02-23 |title=Minister Ryan announces “substantial increase" of 70% in funding for environmental NGOs |url=https://www.limerickpost.ie/2021/02/23/minister-ryan-announces-substantial-increase-of-70-in-funding-for-environmental-ngos/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=Limerick Post Newspaper |language=en-GB |archive-date=2021-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923204007/https://www.limerickpost.ie/2021/02/23/minister-ryan-announces-substantial-increase-of-70-in-funding-for-environmental-ngos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * An Taisce, The National Trust for Ireland * Bat Conservation Ireland * [[BirdWatch Ireland]] * CELT * Cloughjordan Ecovillage * Coomhola Salmon Trust * Coastwatch * ECO-UNESCO * Feasta * Forest Friends * Friends of the Earth * Friends of the Irish Environment * Global Action Plan * [[Gluaiseacht]] * Good Energies Alliance Ireland * Green Foundation Ireland * Hedge Laying Association of Ireland * Green Economy Foundation * Irish Peatland Conservation Council * Irish Wildlife Trust * Irish Seed Savers Association * Irish Whale and Dolphin Group * Just Forests * Native Woodland Trust * Sonairte * Sustainable Ireland Cooperative (Cultivate) * The Organic Centre * The Vincent Wildlife Trust * VOICE * Zero Waste Alliance Ireland == Manazarta == fhpi2u41pkdvyza7rw5y6z20eyg7qqf 0 130204 839646 767129 2026-05-24T11:53:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dominic Shipperley''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Janairu 1991) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙungiyar rugby ta Australiya mai ritaya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Australiya wasa a wasannin rugby da rugby bakwai. A Super Rugby, ya buga wasanni huɗu tare da Queensland Reds daga 2011 zuwa 2014, da kuma wasu wasanni biyu ga Melbourne Rebels. Matsayinsa na yau da kullun shine ƙwallon ƙafa. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Shipperley a Redcliffe, Queensland. Ya halarci [[Kwalejin St Joseph, Nudgee]] kuma a shekarar 2008 ya sami OP1 wanda shine mafi girman maki da za a iya samu a Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Queensland. Ya buga wa ƙungiyar rugby ta Schoolboys ta Australian a shekarar 2008, kuma tare da ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa a Brisbane. == Aikin Rugby == An zaɓi Shipperley a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Australian Sevens a lokacin gasar IRB Sevens World Series ta 2009–10, inda ya buga gasar Wellington, Adelaide, da Hong Kong a cikin ƙungiyar da ta kammala gasar a matsayi na uku.{{Sfn|ARU|2010}} A matsayinsa na memba na ƙungiyar ' yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Australiya da ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta IRB ta matasa ta 2010 a Argentina, ya zira kwallaye uku a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da Afirka ta Kudu, inda Australiya ta zo ta biyu a gasar.{{Sfn|ARU|2010}} An kuma zaɓe shi cikin tawagar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a shekarar 2011, amma bai je gasar ba saboda jajircewarsa a gasar Super Rugby tare da Queensland Reds. Shipperley ya fara buga Super Rugby a Reds a kakar wasan Super Rugby ta 2011 da Hurricanes. Shekarar nasararsa ta zo ne a shekarar 2012, inda ya fara a wasan farko na kakar wasan Reds da kokarinsa na lashe gasar a minti na karshe da Waratahs. Gudun mita 75 da ya doke masu tsaron baya shida ya kawo karshen rashin nasara a gasar Reds a Sydney na tsawon shekaru tara, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Super Rugby Try of the Year. Ya fara a dukkan wasanni 17 da ya buga wa Reds a shekarar 2012, kuma ya lashe kyautar 'Yan wasa Mafi Inganci ga Reds. Daga baya a shekarar 2012, Shipperley ya samu damar fara wasan farko na Test a tsakanin Australia da Afirka ta Kudu a wasan da za a yi a Perth bayan raunin da ya samu wanda ya tilasta wa Drew Mitchell barin ƙungiyar. Ya ci gaba da samun ƙarin wasanni biyu a Gasar Rugby ta 2012. A watan Yunin 2014 ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu don shiga Melbourne Rebels tun daga shekarar 2015. Bayan 'yan makonni, yayin da yake bugawa Reds wasa da Rebels, ya samu mummunan karyewa da kuma rauni a idon sawunsa wanda ya sa aka yi masa tiyata. Shipperley ya sami nasarar murmurewa daga wannan raunin a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta bana, duk da haka, yana wasa a wani shahararren wasan da aka yi da 'yan Crusaders a Christchurch, Ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye hudu daga wasanni goma sha biyu na Super Rugby a shekarar 2015. Shipperley ya ci gaba da yin kyakkyawan wasansa ga 'yan tawayen Rebels a shekarar 2016, amma bai buga rabin kakar wasa ta Super Rugby ba saboda raunin da ya samu a gwiwa. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ya samu rauni a gwiwarsa ta gaba a lokacin wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar National Rugby Championship ta 2016, wanda hakan ya tilasta masa yin duk wani wasan rugby a 2017. Da farko an haɗa shi cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Rebels na tsawon lokaci a shekarar 2018, kuma ya buga wasa a Brisbane Global Rugby Tens kafin wani rauni a gwiwa ya sa ya yi ritaya daga wasan rugby a farkon kakar wasa ta 2018. == Ƙididdigar Super Rugby == {{Updated|15 July 2018|<ref name=ir-stats>{{cite web | url=http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_19638.html | title=Player Statistics | work=its rugby | accessdate=26 July 2016 | archive-date=15 September 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915012345/http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_19638.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:90%; font-size:95%; width:70%;" !Kakar wasa ! Ƙungiyar ! Wasanni ! Farawa ! Ƙaramin sashe ! Minti ! Gwaje-gwaje ! Fursunoni ! Alƙalami ! Digogi ! Maki ! Yel ! Ja |- | 2011 | Reds | 6 | 2 | 4 | 274 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 |- | 2012 | Reds | 17 | 17 | 0 | 1360 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 |- | 2013 | Reds | 11 | 8 | 3 | 621 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |- | 2014 | Reds | 10 | 8 | 2 | 598 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 |- | 2015 | Rebels | 12 | 12 | 0 | 960 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 |- | 2016 | Rebels | 7 | 7 | 0 | 478 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |- | 2017 | Rebels | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2018 | Rebels | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 63 ! 54 ! 9 ! 4291 ! 18 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 90 ! 0 ! 0 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] mo0haypqn07l3q0czap8r6j0zgj4ked 0 131880 839529 770822 2026-05-23T23:24:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Shirin '''''Close Up''''' shiri ne na rabin sa'a na al'amuran yau da kullum [[New Zealand|na New Zealand]] wanda TVNZ ta shirya. Shirin zai fara aiki da karfe 7 na safe.&nbsp;shirin yamma na mako-mako (kai tsaye bayan ''One News'' ) a talabijin na TV One kuma Mark Sainsbury ne ya gabatar da shi a shekarunsa na ƙarshe. An watsa shi a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2012. Shirin ''Seven Sharp'', wani shiri na yau da kullun da aka yi niyya ga matasa masu sauraro, ya fara aiki a shekarar 2013. Sabon shirin ''Close Up'' ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2004 a matsayin madadin shirin ''Holmes'' jim kaɗan bayan da [[Paul Holmes (broadcaster)|Paul Holmes]] ya sanar da murabus ɗinsa daga TVNZ <ref name="TVNZ_4564722">{{Cite web |date=2 November 2004 |title=Paul Holmes leaving TVNZ |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/425824/456472 |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=[[TVNZ]] |archive-date=15 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515174402/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/425824/456472 |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma zai gabatar da wani shiri makamancin haka a [[Prime TV (New Zealand)|Prime TV]] a shekarar 2005. An fara nuna shirin a matsayin ''Close Up a ƙarfe 7 na safe'' ta amfani da ɗakin studio ''na Holmes'' da ke akwai; lokacin da aka sake ƙaddamar da shirin a shekarar 2005, an sanya shi a matsayin ''Close Up'' tare da sabon ɗakin studio. Susan Wood ce ta dauki nauyin shirya ''shirin Close Up'' tun daga farkon shirinta a shekarar 2004 har zuwa ranar 4 ga Disamba 2006, lokacin da ta yi murabus daga TVNZ, saboda dalilan rashin lafiya. <ref name="NZ_Herald_10413740">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2006 |title=CloseUp's Susan Wood to undergo surgery next week |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/category/story.cfm?c_id=72&objectid=10413740 |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref> ''Kamfanin Close Up'' ya fafata da shirin talabijin na TV3 ''Campbell Live'', kuma ya raba lokaci guda da shirin talabijin na TV2 ''Shortland Street'' . == Ma'aikata == === Masu gabatarwa === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Mai gabatarwa ! Matsayin ! Zamanin aiki |- | data-sort-value="Wood, Susan" | Susan Wood | Babban mai gabatarwa | 2004–2006 |- | data-sort-value="Sainsbury, Mark" | Mark Sainsbury | Babban mai gabatarwa | 2007–2012 |- | data-sort-value="Henry, Paul" | Paul Henry | Mai gabatarwa na madadin | 2004–2008 |- | data-sort-value="Hosking, Mike" | Mike Hosking | Mai gabatarwa na madadin | 2008–2012 |- | data-sort-value="Boyed, Greg" | Greg Boyed | Mai gabatarwa na madadin | 2011–2012 |- |} == Sokewar Rufewa == A ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2012, TVNZ ta yanke shawarar soke shirin Close Up a ƙarshen shekara, inda ta ɗauki sabon matsayi a lokacin da ƙarfe 7 na yamma. Shugaban labarai da al'amuran yau da kullum na TVNZ, Ross Dagan, ya ce "wani sabon shirin yau da kullum na al'amuran yau da kullum wanda ke da tsari daban-daban." Wannan kuma ya kawo ƙarshen alaƙar Mark Sainsbury da tashar gwamnati. Wasan kwaikwayon ya ƙare a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012. == Takaddama == === Keta ka'idojin watsa labarai === A watan Oktoban 2009, Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Watsa Labarai (BSA) ta amince da koke-koken da aka yi wa ''Close Up'' saboda karya ƙa'idodi na ɗanɗano da ladabi, tallata giya, da kuma sha'awar yara a cikin wani abu da aka yi a watan Mayun 2009 wanda ya nuna ƙungiyar masu farautar agwagwa a Wairarapa . Watsa shirye-shiryen ya nuna mafarauta suna haɗa barasa da bindigogi, suna tallata nau'ikan giya a fili, da kuma shiga cikin munanan halaye - ciki har da wani mutum yana nutsar da tsirara a kan tsana mai fashewa - duk a lokacin da ƙarfe 7 na yamma ba tare da gargaɗi ba. BSA ta gano cewa abin ya nuna rashin aminci da rashin dacewa, ya kasa la'akari da kasancewar yara masu kallon giya, kuma ya gabatar da shan giya ta hanyar da ba ta da alhakin zamantakewa. An umarci TVNZ da ya watsa taƙaitaccen bayanin hukuncin, ya biya Lion Nathan Ltd dala 1,500 a cikin farashi, da kuma dala 3,500 ga Crown. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mace |first1=William |last2=Nippert |first2=Matt |last3=Migone |first3=Palome |date=27 September 2012 |title=TVNZ expected to axe Close Up |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/7736724/TVNZ-expected-to-axe-Close-Up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429153212/https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/7736724/TVNZ-expected-to-axe-Close-Up |archive-date=29 April 2025 |access-date=3 August 2025 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> A watan Maris na 2011, Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Watsa Labarai (BSA) ta amince da ƙarar da aka shigar a kan ''Close Up'' saboda karya ƙa'idodi na ɗanɗano mai kyau, ladabi, da sha'awar yara a wani shiri da aka yi a watan Agusta na 2010 wanda ke nuna 'yar wasan batsa Nina Hartley. Sashen ya haɗa da faifan bidiyo na batsa daga fina-finan manya na Hartley - kamar ayyukan jima'i na kwaikwayo da tsiraici a bayyane - waɗanda aka watsa a lokacin kallon iyali tare da ɗan gajeren gargaɗin masu kallo. Duk da cewa TVNZ ta amince da keta haƙƙin kuma ta nemi afuwa, BSA ta ga martanin nata bai isa ba saboda tsananin abubuwan da ke ciki, wanda ta ce ya wuce iyaka da aka yarda da shi don shirye-shiryen al'amuran yau da kullun na ƙarfe 7 na yamma. Hukumar ta umarci TVNZ da ta watsa taƙaitaccen bayanin hukuncin kuma ta biya Crown dala $3,000 a matsayin kuɗi. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mace |first1=William |last2=Nippert |first2=Matt |last3=Migone |first3=Palome |date=27 September 2012 |title=TVNZ expected to axe Close Up |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/7736724/TVNZ-expected-to-axe-Close-Up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429153212/https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/7736724/TVNZ-expected-to-axe-Close-Up |archive-date=29 April 2025 |access-date=3 August 2025 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> A watan Mayun 2014, BSA ta amince da korafin da wani likita a New Zealand ya shigar wanda aka ''watsa'' a shekarar 2012 game da binciken maganin ƙwayoyin halittarsa da ba a amince da su ba don magance [[Sclerosis da yawa|cutar sclerosis mai yawa]] . Shirin ya haɗa da bidiyon ɓoye da aka ɗauka a lokacin da ake tattaunawa da marasa lafiya, wanda Hukumar ta gano cewa ya keta sirrin likitan kuma ya yi masa rashin adalci. Ba a ba likitan damar amsawa ba kafin a watsa shirin, kuma an lalata bidiyon da ba a tantance ba, wanda hakan ya lalata ikon TVNZ na ba da hujjar amfani da kyamarar ɓoye don amfanin jama'a. BSA ta umarci TVNZ da ta biya $5,500 a matsayin kuɗin shari'a ga mai ƙarar. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mace |first1=William |last2=Nippert |first2=Matt |last3=Migone |first3=Palome |date=27 September 2012 |title=TVNZ expected to axe Close Up |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/7736724/TVNZ-expected-to-axe-Close-Up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429153212/https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/7736724/TVNZ-expected-to-axe-Close-Up |archive-date=29 April 2025 |access-date=3 August 2025 |work=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == cmbgap9i2s040q15jtaveic7jqfgmho 0 131919 839563 770905 2026-05-24T04:13:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Yaw Domelevo''' akawu ne ɗan ƙasar Ghana wanda a halin yanzu yake aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Ofishin Laifuka da Tattalin Arziki (EOCO) a Ghana kuma [[Board Member|memba ne na Hukumar]] [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria|Asusun Duniya]] . Tsohon [[Babban mai binciken Ghana|Babban Odita-Janar ne na Ghana]] . <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2017-07-31 |title=Republic of Ghana Appoints New Auditor General • INTOSAI Journal |url=http://intosaijournal.org/news-from-ghana/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=INTOSAI Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> [[John Mahama|John Dramani Mahama]] ne ya naɗa shi a shekarar 2016 don maye gurbin [[Richard Quartei Quartey]] wanda ya yi ritaya daga aikin gwamnati. <ref name=":622">{{Cite web |title=Prez Mahama swears in new Auditor-General |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/prez-mahama-swears-in-new-auditor-general.html |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref name=":722">{{Cite web |last=Ghana News Agency |date=2016-12-30 |title=President Mahama swears-in Auditor General |url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/12/30/president-mahama-swears-in-auditor-general/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=Ghana Business News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe kyautar Mutuncin Mutunci ta 2019 a kyaututtukan Integrity Initiative na Ghana na 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Domelevo wins 2019 Integrity Personality Award |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124235422/https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Domelevo wins 'Integrity personality of the year' award |url=https://ghanaguardian.com/domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-of-the-year-award |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Ghana Guardian News |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == Domelevo yana da digirin babban jami'i a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (Kuɗi) daga [[Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Ghana]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-07-31 |title=Republic of Ghana Appoints New Auditor General • INTOSAI Journal |url=http://intosaijournal.org/news-from-ghana/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=INTOSAI Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya yi horo a matsayin akawu mai lasisi kuma ya kasance memba na Cibiyar Akanta Masu Shaida (Ghana) tun daga 1993. <ref name=":0" /> == Sana'a == === Farkon aikina === Domelevo kwararren akawu ne ta hanyar sana'a kuma ya yi aiki a manyan mukamai a Sashen Gudanarwa da Akanta Janar (CAGD) a [[Ma'aikatar Kudi da Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki (Ghana)|Ma'aikatar Kudi da Tsare-tsare na Tattalin Arziki (Ghana)]] tsawon shekaru 18. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=BRIEF PROFILES OF SHORTLISTED NOMINEES {{!}} Ghana Integrity Awards |url=https://ghanaintegrityawards.org/newsarticles/brief-profiles-of-shortlisted-nominees/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=ghanaintegrityawards.org}}</ref> Daga Janairu 2010 zuwa Disamba 2016, ya kasance ƙwararren Manajan Kuɗi na Jama'a na Bankin Duniya kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Kwararren Manajan Kuɗi wanda ke da alhakin ayyukan Gudanar da Kuɗi na Jama'a a [[Zimbabwe]] da [[Malawi]] . <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=Prez Mahama swears in new Auditor-General |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/prez-mahama-swears-in-new-auditor-general.html |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Babban Akawu na Kamfanin Masana'antar Fina-finai na Ghana (wanda yanzu ake kira TV3 ). <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2" /> === Babban Odita-Janar na Ghana === A shekarar 2016, Shugaba John Mahama ya naɗa shi a matsayin [[Babban mai binciken Ghana|Babban Mai Binciken Kuɗi na Ghana]] . <ref name=":62"/> <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |last=Ghana News Agency |date=2016-12-30 |title=President Mahama swears-in Auditor General |url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/12/30/president-mahama-swears-in-auditor-general/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=Ghana Business News |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinsa na Babban Mai Binciken Kuɗi na ƙasar, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban mai jawabi a laccoci kan binciken kuɗi, cin hanci da rashawa da batutuwan da suka shafi kula da kuɗi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Domelevo wins 2019 Integrity Personality Award |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124235422/https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Domelevo wins 2019 Integrity Personality Award |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124235422/https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=FlockEventsPage |url=https://accaafrica.flockplatform.com/ep/?event=2nd-ACCA-Africa-Members-Convention2019 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=accaafrica.flockplatform.com}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2018, shi ne babban mai jawabi a taron tunawa da [[Kwadwo Baah-Wiredu]] karo na 3. Ya yi magana kan taken " ''Kare Jakar Jama'a - A rufe ƙofar kafin a rufe ƙofar'' " don tunawa da marigayi Ministan Kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-21 |title=Daniel Domelovo's full speech at Kwadwo Baah-Wiredu Memorial Lecture |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/09/full-kwadwo-baah-wiredu-memorial-lecture-by-daniel-domelovo/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> === Lakcocin Domelevo na Lissafi === A shekarar 2021, Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya ta Zamantakewa da Gidauniyar Friedrech Elbert Stiftung sun amince da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Babban Odita Janar na Ghana wajen tabbatar da gaskiya da rikon amana ga albarkatun jama'a, sun kaddamar da lacca ta shekara-shekara mai suna Domelevo Accountability Lakcoci. An gudanar da laccar farko a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2021 a Zauren Malamai da ke Accra. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Senyo |first=Efo Kosi |date=2021-06-12 |title=Domelevo earns Accountability Lecture Series; maiden edition slated for July 1 |url=https://awakenewsroom.com/domelevo-earns-accountability-lecture-series-maiden-edition-slated-for-july-1/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929114441/https://awakenewsroom.com/domelevo-earns-accountability-lecture-series-maiden-edition-slated-for-july-1/ |archive-date=29 September 2021 |access-date=2022-01-03 |website=Awake News}}</ref> === Alƙawarin Asusun Duniya === A ranar 4 ga Mayu 2022, an amince da shi aka kuma naɗa shi memba na kwamitin Asusun Duniya wanda ke wakiltar Yamma da Tsakiyar Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Domelevo wins 2019 Integrity Personality Award |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124235422/https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Domelevo wins 2019 Integrity Personality Award |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124235422/https://www.theghanareport.com/breaking-domelevo-wins-integrity-personality-2019-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tare da wasu mutum goma sha ɗaya (11), yana aiki a Kwamitin Bincike da Kuɗi kuma zai yi kaɗa ƙuri'a kan batutuwan da aka gabatar a gaban kwamitin. === Shugaban hukumar Ofishin Laifuka da Tattalin Arziki (EOCO) === Shugaban Ghana John Mahama ya naɗa Mista Domelevo a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Ofishin Laifuka da Tattalin Arziki (EOCO) a watan Agusta na 2025 https://www.myjoyonline.com/mahama-appoints-domelevo-as-eoco-board-chairman/ == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 51x4xf2uqzgm7ry17yhvz14wbl5q032 0 132254 839484 771675 2026-05-23T20:11:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Madeleine Korbel ta Albright Institute for Global Affairs''' (wanda kuma aka sani da '''Cibiyar Albright''' ) wata cibiyar nazari ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ke Kwalejin Wellesley da ke [[Massachusetts]] . Tsohuwar Sakatariyar Harkokin Wajen Amurka [[Madeleine Albright]] ce ta kafa Cibiyar Albright a shekarar 2009 don tallafawa nazarin fannoni daban-daban na al'amuran duniya a cikin tsarin fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi . Cibiyar Albright tana shirya shirye-shiryen ilimi iri-iri da tarurrukan jama'a, gami da shirye-shiryen zumunci da horon aiki ga ɗaliban da ke karatun digiri na farko da kuma tarurrukan jama'a da laccoci da suka shafi abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu da kuma batutuwan duniya. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Crimaldi |first=Laura |date=June 9, 2019 |title=At Wellesley, Madeleine Albright and Hillary Clinton encourage protest, political action - The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/06/08/wellesley-madeleine-albright-and-hillary-clinton-encourage-protest-political-action/rfKXg9a8gRt1Iouh7vG02I/story.html |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Ondraskova |first=Danni |last2=Chia |first2=Kimberly |date=3 February 2016 |title=Albright Institute hosts first alumnae symposium at Wellesley College {{!}} The Wellesley News |url=https://thewellesleynews.com/2016/02/03/albright-institute-hosts-first-alumnae-symposium-at-wellesley-college/ |access-date=2020-03-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kimanin ɗaliban aji arba'in na sama mata daga Kwalejin Wellesley ake zaɓa kowace shekara a matsayin Albright Fellows. <ref name=":02" /> Mashahuran masu jawabi da furofesoshi masu ziyara a Cibiyar Albright sun haɗa da [[Madeleine Albright]], [[Hillary Clinton|Hillary Rodham Clinton]], [[Christine Lagarde]], [[Mark Malloch Brown, Baron Malloch-Brown|Mark Malloch-Brown]], [[Wendy Sherman]], [[Samantha Power]], [[Sri Mulyani|Sri Mulyani Indrawati]], da [[James Wolfensohn]] . <ref name=":22" /> <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Heather |date=2016-03-08 |title='Inequality is sexist,' says IMF leader Christine Lagarde |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/03/08/news/economy/christine-lagarde-inequality-is-sexist/index.html |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=CNNMoney |archive-date=2019-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923200312/https://money.cnn.com/2016/03/08/news/economy/christine-lagarde-inequality-is-sexist/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=January 30, 2016 |title=Albright headlines discussion at Wellesley on inequality |url=https://apnews.com/3e1a35391a334512a60b4a64f9aecba4 |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=AP NEWS}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Reiss |first=Jaclyn |date=25 January 2012 |title=Albright gets down to business at Wellesley - The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/01/25/wellesley-college-visit-madeleine-albright-feels-right-home/IcMimif8d0xboQKtKNhHDJ/story.html |access-date=2020-03-10 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Cibiyar Albright ta shahara saboda muhimmancinta ga shugabancin mata da kuma tsarinta na zamani ga nazarin ƙasashen duniya, wanda ya haɗa da bincike da hangen nesa kan al'amuran duniya daga fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da [[adabi]], fasaha, [[addini]], [[falsafa]], da kimiyya . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Crimaldi |first=Laura |date=June 9, 2019 |title=At Wellesley, Madeleine Albright and Hillary Clinton encourage protest, political action - The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/06/08/wellesley-madeleine-albright-and-hillary-clinton-encourage-protest-political-action/rfKXg9a8gRt1Iouh7vG02I/story.html |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=BostonGlobe.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Cibiyar Albright da nufin magance al'amuran duniya daga wata hanya ta daban wadda ba ta saba da juna ba, ta kuma bambanta ta da shirye-shiryen nazarin ƙasashen duniya na gargajiya waɗanda ke jaddada tarihi, kimiyyar siyasa, da tattalin arziki. Tsohuwar Sakatariyar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka kuma diflomasiyyar [[Madeleine Albright]] ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Wellesley a shekarar 1959 kuma ta ci gaba da zama ɗalibi mai himma kuma mai goyon bayan kwalejin a duk tsawon aikinta. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Library |first=C. N. N. |date=27 May 2013 |title=Madeleine Albright Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/05/27/us/madeleine-albright-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=CNN}}</ref> Manufar Cibiyar Albright ta samo asali ne a lokacin tattaunawa tsakanin Albright da Kwalejin Wellesley kan bayar da gudummawar takardu da kayan aiki da aka tara a lokacin aikin Albright. <ref name=":0" /> Albright ta sanar da ƙirƙirar cibiyar a lokacin jawabinta na farko a taronta na aji 50 a shekarar 2009, shekaru biyu bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun Wellesley. <ref name=":0" /> Joanne Murray ta yi aiki a matsayin daraktan kafa daga 2009 zuwa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=S. Joanne Murray {{!}} Albright Institute |url=https://www.wellesley.edu/albright/about/faculty/s-joanne-murray |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=www.wellesley.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Standard-Times |first=The |title=Women's Fund announces Joanne Murray as new executive director |url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/news/20190722/womens-fund-announces-joanne-murray-as-new-executive-director |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=southcoasttoday.com |language=en}}</ref> [https://www.wellesley.edu/albright/about/faculty/joseph-joyce Joseph Joyce] ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan malamai na farko daga 2009 zuwa 2016. Daraktan Shirye-shirye na yanzu shine [https://www.wellesley.edu/albright/about/faculty/nina-t-mckee Nina McKee] kuma Daraktan Malamai shine Stacie E. Goddard, Farfesa a Kimiyyar Siyasa a Kwalejin Wellesley. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership {{!}} Albright Institute |url=https://www.wellesley.edu/albright/about/leadership |access-date=2020-04-18 |website=www.wellesley.edu}}</ref> Albright ta yi amfani da gogewarta a matsayinta na babbar jami'ar [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Wellesley a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 yayin da take kafa alkibla da falsafar Cibiyar Albright. Ta ambaci gogewarta a matsayin jami'ar diflomasiyya da kuma yin aiki a matsayin Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka a ƙarƙashin [[Bill Clinton|Shugaba Bill Clinton]] daga 1997 zuwa 2001 saboda yadda ta fahimci sarkakiyar abubuwa da ke faruwa a yanzu da rikice-rikicen duniya. Jami'in diflomasiyya Rick Barton na Cibiyar Nazarin Dabaru da Ƙasashen Duniya ya bayyana amincewa da tsarin da cibiyar ke bi wajen nazarin harkokin duniya, yana mai cewa cibiyar "ta fahimci cewa wannan ƙalubale ne mai matuƙar sarkakiya kuma dole ne a magance shi ta hanyar haɗaka. Wannan har yanzu ba al'ada ba ce. Idan Wellesley ya yi nasara, za su fi sauran." Tsohuwar shugabar Kwalejin Wellesley, H. Kim Bottomly, ta lura da muhimmancin ci gaban jagoranci ga Cibiyar Albright da Kwalejin Wellesley baki ɗaya, tana mai cewa Cibiyar Albright "tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilimin Wellesley na shugabannin mata na gaba a faɗin duniya." Wannan ra'ayi ya zo daidai da Shugabar Wellesley ta yanzu Paula Johnson wadda ta ambaci ci gaban shugabancin mata a matsayin "hanya mafi tabbas ta kawo canji mai kyau ga duniyarmu mai sauri da rikitarwa." <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Wellesley College |date=Jan 10, 2020 |title=Iran Will Continue To Retaliate In Many Forms And In Many Places, Says Susan Rice At Recent Wellesley College Event |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/iran-will-continue-to-retaliate-in-many-forms-and-in-many-places-says-susan-rice-at-recent-wellesley-college-event-300984948.html |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref> Lokacin da Kwalejin Wellesley ta sake samun takardar shaidar digiri na goma sha ɗaya daga Hukumar Ilimi Mai Girma ta New England (NECHE) a shekarar 2019, NECHE ta ambaci ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Albright a matsayin wani ci gaba ga kwalejin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=S. Joanne Murray {{!}} Albright Institute |url=https://www.wellesley.edu/albright/about/faculty/s-joanne-murray |access-date=2020-03-13 |website=www.wellesley.edu}}</ref> == Manazarta == rww8vzq80tblv5pv01ut9llch494sl0 0 133695 839345 774670 2026-05-23T15:06:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi Mai Girma''' (CHES) wata makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati da ke ba da tallafin karatu tare da masu zaɓe na ilimi da ke [[Melbourne]], [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]]. An kammala ginin CHES a shekarar 2022 kuma an fara [[Haɗin ilmantarwa|haɗa]] shirye-shiryen kan layi da na kan layi a watan Janairun 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Centre For Higher Education Studies Officially Open {{!}} Premier of Victoria |url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/new-centre-higher-education-studies-officially-open |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=www.premier.vic.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adam Carey |last2=Madeleine Heffernan |date=2023-01-29 |title=Race to get new schools ready for term one down to the wire |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/race-to-get-new-schools-ready-for-term-one-down-to-the-wire-20230125-p5cfbd.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=The Age |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dullard |first=Kira |title=Centre for Higher Education Studies (CHES) Update |url=https://cep.org.au/centre-for-higher-education-studies-ches-update/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Country Education Partnership |language=en-AU }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An kafa CHES ne domin ƙara inganta sakamakon ilimi ga ɗaliban manyan makarantun sakandare masu hazaka da ƙwarewa a faɗin Victoria. Cibiyar mai hawa biyu ta ƙunshi ɗakin taro, wuraren koyo masu wadataccen fasaha da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya da ƙira na manyan makarantu. Ɗalibai suna ci gaba da yin rajista a makarantar sakandare kuma suna iya yin kwas a CHES a matsayin wani ɓangare na Takaddun Shaidar Ilimi ta Victoria (VCE). Ana iya samun shirye-shiryen CHES ta hanyar dandamali na kama-da-wane da kuma a wurin.[1] [2] [3] CHES tana bayar da nazarin VCE guda huɗu: Algorithmics, Extended Research, English Language, da kuma Specialist Lissafi. CHES kuma tana ba da darussan ilimi mai zurfi da dama ta hanyar Jami'ar Katolika ta Australiya, Jami'ar Tarayya, Jami'ar La Trobe, Jami'ar RMIT, Jami'ar Swinburne, Jami'ar Melbourne, da Jami'ar Victoria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Centre For Higher Education Studies Officially Open {{!}} Premier of Victoria |url=http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/new-centre-higher-education-studies-officially-open |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=www.premier.vic.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adam Carey |last2=Madeleine Heffernan |date=2023-01-29 |title=Race to get new schools ready for term one down to the wire |url=https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/race-to-get-new-schools-ready-for-term-one-down-to-the-wire-20230125-p5cfbd.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=The Age |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dullard |first=Kira |title=Centre for Higher Education Studies (CHES) Update |url=https://cep.org.au/centre-for-higher-education-studies-ches-update/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=Country Education Partnership |language=en-AU }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0vwfp9qadflzrz6iodossq2x6ej16x0 0 133719 839409 779612 2026-05-23T16:49:31Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839409 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist|30em}} '''Abdul Shakoor''' (1 ga watan [[Janairu|Janairun]] shekara ta 1968 - 15 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2023) [[Ulama'u|Masanin addinin Musulunci]] ne kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] [['Yan Pakistan]], wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Addini da Harkokin Addinai daga 2022 zuwa 2023 kuma ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan daga 2018 zuwa 2023. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Garwaki |first=Asmat Shah |date=17 April 2023 |title=Remembering Mufti Abdul Shakoor: A brief biography of the late Federal Minister for Religious Affairs |url=https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716160931/https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Tribal News Network]]}}</ref> Abdul Shakoor ya mutu a wani hadari na zirga-zirga a [[Islamabad]])" id="mwHQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Red Zone (Islamabad)">Yankin Red na Islamabad a ranar 15 ga [[Afrilu]] 2023. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=Religious affairs minister and JUI-F MNA Mufti Abdul Shakoor dies in Islamabad road accident |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1747804/religious-affairs-minister-mufti-abdul-shakoor-dies-in-road-accident-in-islamabad}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Shakoor a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1968, a ƙauyen Lakki Marwat a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . Da ya fara karatunsa na addini a [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasah]] Dara Pizo, daga baya ya sami Jagoran a [[Falsafa]] daga Jami'ar Shah Waliullah da ke Hyderabad a 1991 da Jagoransa na [[Ilimin Musulunci|Nazarin Musulunci]] daga [[Darul Uloom Haqqania]] a 1993. A shekara ta 2002, ya zama Khatib ko mai magana a wani Jama Masjid da ke Peshawar . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Garwaki |first=Asmat Shah |date=17 April 2023 |title=Remembering Mufti Abdul Shakoor: A brief biography of the late Federal Minister for Religious Affairs |url=https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716160931/https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Tribal News Network]]}}</ref> Ya yi aure sau biyu, tare da 'ya'ya mata biyu daga matarsa ta farko da ɗa daga ta biyu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Garwaki |first=Asmat Shah |date=17 April 2023 |title=Remembering Mufti Abdul Shakoor: A brief biography of the late Federal Minister for Religious Affairs |url=https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716160931/https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Tribal News Network]]}}</ref> Ya kasance malami na batutuwa daban-daban kamar falsafar, dabaru, [[Fiƙihu|shari'a]], [[Hadisi|hadith]], [[Tafsiri|sharhi]], da fatwa a Darul Uloom na Peshawar na tsawon shekaru 20.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Garwaki |first=Asmat Shah |date=17 April 2023 |title=Remembering Mufti Abdul Shakoor: A brief biography of the late Federal Minister for Religious Affairs |url=https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716160931/https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Tribal News Network]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == An zabi Abdul Shakoor a matsayin Shugaban Jamiat Talba-e-Islam (JTI), reshen dalibai na Jamiat Ulema-e-Muslim (F) daga Bannu da Lakki Marwat yayin da yake cikin aji na huɗu kuma daga baya ya zama 'Ameer' na JUI-F don yankunan kabilanci kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Fazal-ur-Rehman . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Garwaki |first=Asmat Shah |date=17 April 2023 |title=Remembering Mufti Abdul Shakoor: A brief biography of the late Federal Minister for Religious Affairs |url=https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716160931/https://tnnenglish.com/remembering-mufti-abdul-shakoor-a-brief-biography-of-the-late-federal-minister-for-religious-affairs/ |archive-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Tribal News Network]]}}</ref> An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Pakistan a matsayin dan takarar Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) daga mazabar NA-51 (Tribal Area-XII) a Babban zaben Pakistan na 2018. Ya samu kuri'u 21,896 kuma ya ci Qaiser Jamal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NA-51 Result - Election Results 2018 - Frontier Region Tribal Area 12 - NA-51 Candidates - NA-51 Constituency Details - thenews.com.pk |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/election/constituency/NA-51 |access-date=1 August 2018 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Abdul Shakoor ya mutu a wani hadari a [[Islamabad]] a ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2023. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2023 |title=Religious affairs minister and JUI-F MNA Mufti Abdul Shakoor dies in Islamabad road accident |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1747804/religious-affairs-minister-mufti-abdul-shakoor-dies-in-road-accident-in-islamabad}}</ref> A cewar 'Yan sanda na Islamabad, Abdul Shakoor yana tuki lokacin da wata motar ta fashe a gefen direban motarsa.<ref name="Death">{{Cite web |title=Federal minister Mufti Abdul Shakoor dies in road accident: Islamabad police |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/482318-federal-minister-mufti-abdul-shakoor-dies-in-road-accident-islamabad-police |access-date=15 April 2023 |publisher=[[Geo News]]}}</ref> An kai shi Asibitin Polyclinic inda ya mutu saboda mummunan zubar da jini na ciki. An kama mutane biyar da ke cikin ɗayan motar.<ref name="Death">{{Cite web |title=Federal minister Mufti Abdul Shakoor dies in road accident: Islamabad police |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/482318-federal-minister-mufti-abdul-shakoor-dies-in-road-accident-islamabad-police |access-date=15 April 2023 |publisher=[[Geo News]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * Hilal-i-Imtiaz (2023; bayan mutuwarsa) == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis * Jerin mambobin Majalisar Dokokin Kasa ta 15 ta Pakistan * == Haɗin waje == *   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2vtfut6qqqzuizg0btspd1veea61um8 0 133819 839562 774909 2026-05-24T04:09:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Daniel Scotto''' (Satumba 14, 1952 - Yuli 10, 2018) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Daniel Scotto Obituary - Virginia - Tributes.com |url=http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Daniel-Scotto-106257536 |access-date=2021-12-30 |website=www.tributes.com |archive-date=2021-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230005652/http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Daniel-Scotto-106257536 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wani mai sharhi kan harkokin kuɗi ne na Amurka. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Bruce |date=2018-07-12 |title=In Memoriam: Dan Scotto, perennial 'All-America' Wall Street Analyst and Research Director |url=https://ipcloseup.com/2018/07/12/in-memoriam-dan-scotto-perennial-all-america-wall-street-analyst-and-research-director/ |access-date=2021-12-30 |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agusta 2001, a matsayinsa na mai sharhi a BNP Paribas, Scotto ya rage darajar hannun jarin Enron daga "Saya" zuwa "Neutral". Ya ɗauki wannan matakin watanni huɗu kafin a bayyana badakalar lissafin kuɗi ta Enron wadda ta haifar da fatarar kamfanin. Scotto ya yi iƙirarin cewa an kore shi daga aiki saboda wannan shawara, ikirarin da BNP Paribas ke jayayya a kai. <ref> name="telegraph" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-01-29 |title=Ex-Analyst at BNP Paribas Warned |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1012256641589759400 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230010108/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1012256641589759400 |archive-date=2021-12-30 |access-date=2021-12-30 |website=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Scotto ya shafe mafi yawan shekaru talatin yana bincike, nazari da kuma bayar da rahotanni kan Masana'antar Amfani. Ya yi aiki a Standard &amp;amp; Poor's a sashen Rating Bond na Kamfanoni, tare da manyan ayyukan nazari don sanya ƙimar Bond ga masana'antar lantarki, iskar gas da wayar tarho. Daga 1982-1988, Scotto ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Binciken Bond na Kamfanoni na LF Rothschild kuma shugaban ƙungiyar nazarin albarkatun ƙasa. Daga nan Mista Scotto ya koma Donaldson, Lufkin &amp;amp; Jenrette (DLJ) inda ya kasance Daraktan binciken Bond na Kamfanoni na Manyan Daraja da Manyan Daraja har zuwa 1994, sannan Bear Stearns ya ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin Manajan Darakta na Babban Darakta, Babban Darakta, da Binciken Kasuwa Mai tasowa da kuma Babban Mai sharhi kan Amfanin Lantarki. A watan Afrilun 2000, Mista Scotto ya koma BNP Paribas a matsayin Daraktan Binciken Manyan Daraja da Babban Mai Nazarin Amfani da Lantarki na Amurka. Bayan rahoton Enron da aka fitar a lokacin da yake aiki a BNP Paribas da kuma korarsa daga baya, a shekara ta 2002, Mista Scotto ya kafa Whitehall Financial Advisors LLC don bayar da bincike mai zaman kansa, nazarin harkokin kuɗi na bincike, ayyukan ba da shawara ga abokan ciniki na kamfanoni, masu zuba jari a cibiyoyi da kuma 'yan majalisar dokoki na Jiha da Tarayya. Scotto ya ɗauki nauyin wasu muhimman taruka da suka shafi sauye-sauyen gine-gine a Masana'antar Amfani da Wutar Lantarki . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Scotto kuma yana da ƙwarewa sosai a fannin aikin banki na saka hannun jari - bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai Kula da Kamfani/Mai shiga tsakani lokacin da Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta Long Island (LIPA) ta mallaki Kamfanin Lantarki na Long Island (LILCO). Jerin sauran ayyukan Bankin Zuba Jari sun haɗa da sake fasalin "sake fasalin bayanan martaba na Western Resources," sake fasalin Tucson Electric, da kuma wakiltar Masu Hannu na Sale-Lease Back (SLOB) a cikin fatarar El Paso Electric . Jami'ar Pace ta sanya Daniel Scotto a cikin Beta Gamma Sigma a matsayin wanda aka karrama a shekarar 2008 saboda misalta manufofin Beta Gamma Sigma . Da yake tabbatar da takardun shaidar Mista Scotto a bainar jama'a kafin lamarin Enron, Mujallar Investor Magazine ta buga wani labari game da shi. Sun ce: "Masu zuba jari suna godiya ga Scotto saboda ci gaba da jagorantar su daga yankunan da yunkurin raba su ya ci gaba." Ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2018, a Virginia. <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Daniel Scotto Obituary - Virginia - Tributes.com |url=http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Daniel-Scotto-106257536 |access-date=2021-12-30 |website=www.tributes.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Daniel-Scotto-106257536 "Daniel Scotto Obituary - Virginia - Tributes.com"]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''www.tributes.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Berman |first=Bruce |date=2018-07-12 |title=In Memoriam: Dan Scotto, perennial 'All-America' Wall Street Analyst and Research Director |url=https://ipcloseup.com/2018/07/12/in-memoriam-dan-scotto-perennial-all-america-wall-street-analyst-and-research-director/ |access-date=2021-12-30 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBerman2018">Berman, Bruce (2018-07-12). [https://ipcloseup.com/2018/07/12/in-memoriam-dan-scotto-perennial-all-america-wall-street-analyst-and-research-director/ "In Memoriam: Dan Scotto, perennial 'All-America' Wall Street Analyst and Research Director"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] icy10dfit8cs4yvotpp1geyhqenwkw9 0 134100 839478 775445 2026-05-23T19:32:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Fasaha ta Faena''' ita ce cibiyar al'adu ta Gundumar Faena ta [[Buenos Aires]], al'umma mai zaman kanta da al'adu a bakin tekun Puerto Madero a Buenos Aires wanda kungiyar Faena ta haɓaka kuma ta buɗe a watan Satumbar 2011. Alan Faena ya kafa cibiyar. Ximena Caminos ita ce Babban Darakta. == Tarihin Ginin & Sabuntawa == An gina Cibiyar Fasaha ta Faena daga ɗayan manyan ma'adinan gari na farko na Argentina. A cikin abin da ya kasance tsohuwar dakin injin, an sake gina babban wurin baje kolin don riƙe bayanan asali daga shekarun 1900. Cibiyar da ke da sarari, cike da haske, wacce ta fi 4,000 m2, an sanya ta ta hanyar rufin da ke tashi, arches na semicircular, windows da sauran alamun gine-ginen masana'antu na karni.[1][2] == Nuni na baya == Cibiyar Fasaha ta Faena ta gabatar da ayyukan masu zane-zane na duniya don ƙirƙirar tattaunawa tare da yanayin Argentina, tare da ba masu zane-zanen gida damar farawa. Nunin na farko ya nuna wani abu mai ban mamaki da mai zane-zane na zamani na Brazil Ernesto Neto, wanda Jessica Morgan ta Tate Modern ta tsara.<ref name="argindep">{{Cite web |last=Hay |first=Blanka |date=October 27, 2011 |title=Ernesto Neto at Faena Art Centre |url=http://www.argentinaindependent.com/the-arts/art/ernesto-neto-at-faena-art-centre/ |access-date=February 6, 2013 |publisher=argentinaindependent.com |archive-date=December 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205082633/http://www.argentinaindependent.com/the-arts/art/ernesto-neto-at-faena-art-centre/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="artobserved">{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=A. |date=February 9, 2012 |title=Buenos Aires: Ernesto Neto 'Crazy Hyperculture in the Vertigo of the World' at Faena Art Center through February 12, 2012 |url=http://artobserved.com/2012/02/buenos-aires-ernesto-neto-crazy-hyperculture-in-the-vertigo-of-the-world-at-faena-art-center-through-february-12-2012/ |access-date=February 6, 2013 |publisher=artobserved.com}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, duo na Cuban Los Carpinteros sun fara fitowa da solo na farko a Buenos Aires.<ref name="openingceremony">{{Cite web |last=Tozer |first=Gillian |date=May 23, 2012 |title=Los Carpinteros at Faena Arts Center |url=http://www.openingceremony.us/entry.asp?pid=5751 |access-date=February 6, 2013 |publisher=openingceremony.us}}</ref><ref name="vernissage">{{Cite web |last=Roberto Rey |last2=Milos Deretich |last3=Luciana Zothner |last4=Ángel Sánchez |date=May 22, 2012 |title=Los Carpinteros at Faena Arts Center, Buenos Aires |url=http://vernissage.tv/blog/2012/05/22/los-carpinteros-at-faena-arts-center-in-buenos-aires-argentina/ |access-date=February 6, 2013 |publisher=vernissage.tv}}</ref><ref name="art_in_a_mag">{{Cite web |last=Wei |first=Lilly |date=September 3, 2012 |title=Los Carpinteros |url=http://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/los-carpinteros/ |access-date=February 6, 2013 |publisher=artinamericamagazine.com}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus Franz Ackermann ya nuna sakamakon tafiye-tafiyensa a kusa da Buenos Aires tare da mafi girman mural na aikinsa, kuma wasan kwaikwayo na farko a Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Citation}}</ref><ref>{{Citation}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2018 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Faena ta yi nune-nunen guda ɗaya kawai, wanda aka buɗe wa jama'a kwanaki huɗu kawai kuma ba tare da sanarwar da ta gabata ba. A halin yanzu Cibiyar Fasaha ta Faena ba ta ba da nune-nunen jama'a.<ref>{{Citation}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} tfarw7o2x98pqb0nwoodo5mzl2e2hft 0 134312 839609 802468 2026-05-24T08:23:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Richard G. Newell''' ɗan kasuwa ne kuma masanin fasaha ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya a fannin software a fannin ƙirar kwamfuta (CAD) da kuma tsarin bayanai na ƙasa (GIS). == Sana'a == Newell yana da digiri a fannin Injiniyan Farar Hula da Nazarin Lambobi da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin Injiniyan Sinadarai daga Kwalejin Imperial, London . A matsayinsa na injiniyan software, ya yi aiki a [[AVEVA|CADCentre]] tare da ɗan'uwansa [[Martin Newell (computer scientist)|Martin Newell]] wanda wataƙila aka fi sani da wanda ya ƙirƙiri [[Utah Teapot|tukunyar shayi ta Utah]] (ko tukunyar shayi ta Newell). A cibiyar ne Newell ya jagoranci ƙirƙirar [[Plant Design Management System|Tsarin Gudanar da Tsarin Shuke-shuke]] mai nasara (PDMS) don ƙirar masana'antar sarrafa 3D. A shekarar 1972 Newell, ɗan'uwansa Martin da Tom Sancha sun gabatar da tsarin [[Newell's algorithm|algorithm na Newell]] . Ya kafa kamfaninsa na farko, Cambridge Interactive Systems Ltd. (CIS) a shekarar 1977. CIS wani ɓangare ne na abin da aka sani da 'The Cambridge Phenomenon '. Newell ya kafa Smallworld Systems tare a shekarar 1988. An yi nasarar haɓaka kamfanin a NASDAQ a shekarar 1996 kuma daga baya aka sayar da shi ga General Electric Corporation (GE) a shekarar 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2000-10-05 |title=GE completes acquisition of Smallworldwide plc |url=https://www.powerengineeringint.com/2000/10/05/ge-completes-acquisition-of-smallworldwide-plc/ |access-date=2020-02-04 |website=Power Engineering International |language=en-US}}</ref> A halin yanzu Darakta ne mara zartarwa na UltraVision CLPL tare da abokan hulɗar kasuwanci J. Keith Lomas da John H. Clamp. Shi ma Darakta ne na [http://www.ubisense.net/en/ Ubisense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814190427/http://ubisense.net/en |date=2017-08-14 }} da [http://www.digital-spring.co.uk/ Digital Spring] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813025347/https://digital-spring.co.uk/ |date=2022-08-13 }} . Newell ya kuma riƙe muƙamin memba na majalisar dokoki a British Trust for Ornithology (BTO). <ref name="SW-6D-SEMWEB-20130921">{{Cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=I feel I've made a mark': the man who built homes for 60,000 swifts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jan/20/the-man-who-built-homes-for-60000-swifts-aoe |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2016 ya sami kyautar Marsh ta BTO don Innovative Ornithology saboda aikinsa tare da [[Action for Swifts]] . <ref name="BTOM">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2010 |title=Medallists |url=http://www.bto.org/about-bto/accounts/medallists |access-date=20 October 2017 |publisher=[[British Trust for Ornithology]] |archive-date=21 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021060436/https://www.bto.org/about-bto/accounts/medallists |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ilor8mo9ny1vi75eqz6kax1aunozuak 0 134509 839395 788919 2026-05-23T16:30:19Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilmer Cable Butler''' (7 ga [[Afrilu]], 1921 - 5 ga [[Afrilu]]), ɗan fim ne na Amurka wanda aka sani da aikinsa a kan The Conversation (1974), ''Jaws'' (1975), da kuma jerin ''Rocky'' guda uku. Butler ya kuma kammala One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) bayan an kori Haskell Wexler daga samarwa, kuma daga baya aka zaba shi don Kyautar Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Cinematography. == TRayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Wilmer Cable Butler a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1921, a Cripple Creek, [[Colorado]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wilmer Cable Butler |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/discoveryui-content/view/38175051:2238?tid=&pid=&queryId=dcc9f99d48b01019441ab25baf2e3827&_phsrc=Dqh5778&_phstart=successSource |access-date=6 April 2023 |publisher=U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, 1940–1947}}</ref><ref name="pleasant" /> Butler ya shafe shekaru biyar na farko na rayuwarsa yana zaune a cikin gidaje katako a kan wani gida a Colorado, inda iyayensa manoma ne. Ya koma tare da iyayensa zuwa Henry County lokacin da yake dan shekara 5 kuma ya girma a Mount Pleasant, Iowa, wani karamin kwaleji. <ref name="pleasant" /><ref name="guild">{{Cite web |date=26 October 2002 |title=Bill Butler |url=https://www.cameraguild.com/AboutUs/memberspotlightcustom/member-spotlight-bill-butler.aspx |access-date=2 March 2015 |archive-date=20 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120172301/https://www.cameraguild.com/AboutUs/memberspotlightcustom/member-spotlight-bill-butler.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Mount Pleasant a shekara ta 1940.<ref name="pleasant">{{Cite web |last=Hoffman |first=Andy |date=1 June 2014 |title=Award-winning cinematographer returns to Mount Pleasant |url=http://insurancenewsnet.com/oarticle/2014/06/01/award-winning-cinematographer-returns-to-mount-pleasant-a-512155.html |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Butler ya yi aiki a Rundunar Signal ta Sojojin Amurka, yana aiki a matsayin mai kiran sigina saboda iliminsa na lantarki mai yawan gaske . [1] [2] Duk da haka, an sallame shi lokacin da aka gano wata cuta da ba a yi masa magani ba. [1] Daga nan Butler ya kammala karatunsa da digiri a fannin injiniya daga Jami'ar Iowa . == Farkon aikina == Butler ya fara aikinsa a matsayin injiniya a wani gidan rediyo da ke Gary, Indiana . Daga baya ya koma Chicago, inda ya taimaka wajen tsara da gina tashoshin talabijin na farko a kamfanin ABC sannan daga baya a WGN-TV . Lokacin da WGN ta fara watsa shirye-shirye, Butler ya yi amfani da kyamarar bidiyo kai tsaye don tallace-tallace da kuma shirye-shiryen da aka samar a cikin gida. <ref name="guild"/> <ref name="white">{{Cite web |last=Whyte |first=Jason |date=28 March 2005 |title=Bill Butler, Cinematographer - Profile Interview Series Vol. #7 |url=http://www.efilmcritic.com/feature.php?feature=1426 |access-date=2 March 2015}}</ref> A lokacin da yake tare da WGN, Butler ya haɗu da William Friedkin . Friedkin ya nemi Butler ya zama mai daukar hotunan sinimarsa a shirin ''The People vs. Paul Crump'', wani shirin gaskiya da ya mayar da hankali kan wani fursuna da aka shirya za a kashe a Illinois. Wani shirin gaskiya ne da ya haifar da gwamnan Illinois ya rage hukuncin kisa ga fursunan. <ref name="white"/> "Na yi nasara sosai a talabijin, don haka ba ni da dalilin shiga fim," in ji Butler. "Amma na san Bill Friedkin yana da sha'awar yin fim na gaskiya, kuma yana bukatar mai daukar hotunan sinima. Ya nemi in taimaka masa. Kuma na yi." Sakamakon haka, sha'awar Butler ta koma daga talabijin kai tsaye zuwa fina-finan gaskiya. <ref name="pleasant"/> <ref name="guild"/> A cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2005, Butler ya yaba wa Friedkin da ya ba shi aikinsa na farko a masana'antar fina-finai. <ref name="white" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] 9p7r4wap9q3zm8ev3qcqpzjt0me54s2 0 134785 839560 790254 2026-05-24T03:48:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Daniel J. Arbess''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961) lauya ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka, mai saka hannun jari kuma mai sharhi kan manufofi. <ref name="bloomberg">{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2017 |title=Daniel J. Arbess |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=4086048&privcapId=27649966 |website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}</ref> Ya kafa kamfanonin saka hannun jari Xerion Capital Partners da Xerion Investments tare da haɗin gwiwar kafa Stratton Investments, Taiga Capital Partners da Triton Partners. <ref name="bloomberg" /> An haifi Arbess a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1961, a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, kuma ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ya sami digirin JD daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Osgoode Hall da ke [[Toronto]], da kuma digirin LLM daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2013 |title=Daniel Arbess |url=http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/conferences/global-conference/2013/speaker-detail/11945 |website=[[Milken Institute]]}}</ref> Ya kasance memba a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy kuma memba a Cibiyar Manufofin Duniya da ke New York. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=March 1991 |title=White & Case's Man in Prague |journal=[[The American Lawyer]]}}</ref> <ref name="bloomberg"/> == Sana'a == Arbess ya shiga kamfanin lauyoyi na duniya White & Case a shekarar 1987, bayan ya kasance a Kremlin a matsayin mai lura da harkokin waje lokacin da Mikhail Gorbachev ya bayyana manufofin Glasnost da Perestroika . Shi ne lauyan Amurka na farko da ya koma Gabashin Turai, inda ya koma Prague a farkon 1990. Ya shawarci gwamnatin Czechoslovak (daga baya Czech) kan sauyin tattalin arziki, wanda ya shafi manufofin sayar da kayayyaki da mu'amala. A shekarar 1992, yana da shekaru 31, ya zama abokin tarayya mafi karancin shekaru a tarihin White & Case kuma Shugaban Kungiyar Kamfanonin Sayar da Kaya ta Duniya. Arbess ya shawarci gwamnatin Czechoslovak kan sake fasalin masana'antar kera motoci, gami da sayar da Skoda Auto ga Volkswagen AG a shekarar 1991 kan dala biliyan 6.4 (a lokacin, yana cikin manyan ma'amaloli na M & A na ketare iyaka a tarihin Turai), da kuma sake fasalin da sayar da masana'antar man fetur da ke karkashin kasa ga wani kawancen manyan kamfanonin mai na duniya. Aikin ba da shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci na Arbess ya shafi Rasha, Vietnam, Isra'ila da sauran ƙasashe. Arbess babban mai zuba jari ne tun daga shekarar 1995, inda ya fara neman hanyoyin sake fasalin kasuwanci a Turai. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kamfanonin saka hannun jari na Taiga Capital, Stratton Investments da Triton Partners kuma wanda ya kafa, Shugaba kuma Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Xerion Investments., <ref name="bloomberg"/> bayan ya ƙaddamar da Xerion Investments da Xerion Capital Partners a shekarar 2003 tare da goyon bayan S. Donald Sussman da Paloma Partners. Arbess ya sayar da Xerion Capital Partners ga Perella Weinberg Partners kuma ya zama abokin tarayya na wannan kamfanin a shekarar 2007. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=March 1991 |title=White & Case's Man in Prague |journal=[[The American Lawyer]]}}</ref> Shi ne Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Asusun Hedge na Xerion Hedge na dala biliyan 3.25 daga 2003 zuwa 2014. Jarin da Xerion ya yi fice ya nuna yadda Kwaminisanci ya karkata akalarsa da kuma matakan gyare-gyaren tattalin arzikin China; <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2013 |title=Daniel Arbess |url=http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/conferences/global-conference/2013/speaker-detail/11945 |website=[[Milken Institute]]}}</ref> rikicin gidaje da kuɗi na Amurka; hauhawar farashin manufofin kuɗi na kasuwannin kuɗi bayan rikicin 2008; <ref>{{cite news |author=William Echikson |author2=Ricardo Sookdeo |name-list-style=amp |date=October 17, 1994 |title=Young Americans Go Abroad to Strike it Rich: From Budapest to Beijing, record numbers of ambitious entrepreneurs and pioneering professionals are staking claims--and finding rich rewards |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1994/10/17/79841/index.htm |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=January 10, 2026 |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016010629/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1994/10/17/79841/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma sake fasalin kamfanonin jiragen sama da na motoci na Amurka. <ref>{{Cite magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |author=Irwin Speizer |date=August 25, 2009 |title=Dan Arbess: to Chrysler from Skoda |url=http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/Article/2280854/Dan-Arbess-to-Chrysler-from-Skoda.html |work=[[Institutional Investor (magazine)|Institutional Investor]]}}</ref> Ya mayar da jarin masu zuba jari a ƙarshen 2014 don biyan buƙatu na sirri da damar saka hannun jari mai ma'ana ta hanyar Xerion Investments da rassanta. <ref>{{cite news |title=Daniel Arbess |url=http://www.vhlf.org/international-advisory-board/daniel-arbess/ |access-date=August 2, 2017 |work=The Vaclav Havel Library Foundation}}</ref> == Allo == Arbess memba ne na Hukumar Daraktocin Cibiyar Yaɗuwar Cututtuka ta Duniya, Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Kamfanoni ta [[Cancer Expert Now|Ƙwararrun Ciwon Daji Yanzu]] da kuma Ƙungiyar Aiki ta Kuɗi ta [[Healthy Brains Global Initiative|Shirin Lafiyar Ƙwayoyin Halittu na Duniya]] . Shi memba ne na tsawon rai a Majalisar Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Waje, memba ne na Majalisar Atlantic kuma mai ba da shawara ga Gidauniyar Laburare ta Vaclav Havel. Ya kasance tare da kafa No Labels, wata ƙungiyar siyasa ta Amurka da ke haɓaka haɗin gwiwa a fannoni daban-daban na siyasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2013 |title=Daniel Arbess |url=http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/conferences/global-conference/2013/speaker-detail/11945 |website=[[Milken Institute]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == * Daniel J. Arbess & Guy Goldstein (Janairu 8, 2025). [https://www.wsj.com/opinion/a-two-state-solution-for-somalia-234e2f9a "Mafita Mai Mahimmanci ga Somaliya"--Ba kamar 'Palestine' ba, Somaliland ta tabbatar da cewa ita ƙasa ce"], ''Jaridar Wall Street.'' * Daniel J. Arbess (29 ga Oktoba, 2023). [https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-770702 "Isra'ila a Gabashin Yaƙin Duniya kan Ta'addancin Musulunci"], ''Jaridar Jerusalem Post.'' * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=February 28, 2018 |title=The Economy Looks Good Today, But the Next Debt Crisis Is on the Horizon |url=http://fortune.com/2018/02/28/debt-crisis-jerome-powell-federal-reserve-testimony/ |publisher=Fortune}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=January 30, 2018 |title=The Crypto Community is Splitting in Two--And That's a Good Thing |url=https://fortune.com/2018/01/30/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-blockchain-technology-price-falling-crashing |publisher=Fortune}}   * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |last2=Karl Theodor ZuGuttenberg |date=February 12, 2016 |title=Jihad & a Geopolitical G-X: Winning the War and Building the Peace |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/jihad-geopolitical-g-x-winning-war-and-building-peace |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=November 10, 2015 |title=It Was Duty, Not a Poisoned Chalice |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/it-was-duty-not-a-poisoned-chalice-1440705649 |journal=The Wall Street Journal. Eastern Edition |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=November 8, 2015 |title=The Battle for the 2016 Middle Ground |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-battle-for-the-2016-middle-ground-1434064200 |journal=The Wall Street Journal. Eastern Edition |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=June 15, 2010 |title=Managing the Debt Crisis Means Rebalancing Global Consumption and Leverage |url=http://www.institutionalinvestorsalpha.com/Article/2597323/Blogs-Unhedged-Commentary/Managing-the-debt-crisis-means-rebalancing-global-consumption-and-leverage.html |publisher=Institutional Investor |access-date=January 10, 2026 |archive-date=October 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005100720/http://www.institutionalinvestorsalpha.com/Article/2597323/Blogs-Unhedged-Commentary/Managing-the-debt-crisis-means-rebalancing-global-consumption-and-leverage.html |url-status=dead }}| * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |last2=James Varanese |name-list-style=amp |date=Spring 1993 |title=On the frontier: What Your Lawyer Brings to Privatization in Eastern and Central Europe |publisher=[[The Columbia Journal of World Business]] |doi=10.1016/0022-5428(93)90068-Z}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=January 21, 1992 |title=Prague Has to Drive Fast in Economic Mud |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/21/opinion/l-prague-has-to-drive-fast-in-economic-mud-938792.html |journal=The New York Times}}| * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |last2=Marlene Greenberg |name-list-style=amp |date=March 13, 1989 |title=Moscow's Puzzle is How to Motivate the Soviet Worker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-03-13-me-302-story.html |journal=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}| * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=October 1985 |title=Star Wars and Outer Space Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQYAAAAAMBAJ |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |publisher=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: 19-22 |volume=41 |issue=9 |page=19 |bibcode=1985BuAtS..41i..19A |doi=10.1080/00963402.1985.11456048 |url-access=subscription}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |last2=William Epstein |name-list-style=amp |date=May 1985 |title=Disarmament role for the United Nations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gUAAAAAMBAJ |publisher=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: 26-28}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=1984 |title=The International Law of Armed Conflict in Light of Contemporary Deterrence Strategies: Empty Promise or Meaningful Restraint? |url=http://www.lawjournal.mcgill.ca/userfiles/other/4069461-arbess.pdf |publisher=McGill Law Journal: 89-142}} * {{Cite journal |last=Daniel J. Arbess |date=1983 |title=Limitations on Legislative Override under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: A Matter of Balancing Values |url=http://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/ohlj/vol21/iss1/5/ |journal=Osgoode Hall Law Journal |publisher=Osgoode Hall Law Journal: 1/83 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=113–141}} == Littattafan tarihi == * Daniel Arbess, Sean Khozin, IMMU-10. YIN NASIHA GAME DA NASAR GBM: SOC + RAHOTON SHAIDAR RAGE RIGAR HANCI ''MAI HANNU GUDA UKU-- ZAƁUƁUN ZANEN GWAJI NA GABA'', ''Neuro-Oncology'', Juzu'i na 25, Ƙarin Fitowa_5, Nuwamba 2023, Shafi na v143, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0542 . * * * == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] nuazlnbedpjc4jmo0r6abax63q9mdg9 0 136232 839571 779310 2026-05-24T05:36:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''David Elliot Shaw''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Maris, 1951) masanin kimiyya ne na Amurka kuma tsohon manajan asusun hedge . Ya kafa DE Shaw &amp;amp; Co., wani kamfanin asusun hedge wanda mujallar ''Fortune'' ta taɓa siffanta shi a matsayin "ƙarfin da ya fi ban sha'awa da ban mamaki a Wall Street". <ref>name="fortune">{{Cite web |last=Aley |first=James |date=5 Feb 1996 |title=Wall Street's King Quant David Shaw's Secret Formulas Pile Up Money. Now He Wants a Piece of the Net. |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996/02/05/207353/index.htm |access-date=21 Aug 2009 |website=Fortune |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115075444/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996/02/05/207353/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=Executive Profile: David Elliot Shaw Ph.D. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=232164 |publisher=BusinessWeek}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref> Shaw, tsohon mataimakin farfesa a sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Columbia, ya yi wa dukiyarsa amfani da rashin inganci a kasuwannin kuɗi tare da taimakon hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani na kwamfuta. A shekarar 1996, mujallar ''Fortune'' ta kira shi "King Quant" saboda rawar da kamfaninsa ya taka a harkar ciniki mai sauri. A shekarar 2001, Shaw ya koma binciken kimiyya na cikakken lokaci a fannin ilmin sinadarai na kwamfuta, musamman kwaikwayon ƙwayoyin halitta na sunadarai. == Rayuwar farko == Shaw ya girma a Los Angeles, California. Mahaifinsa masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin jini da kwararar ruwa, kuma mahaifiyarsa mai fasaha ce kuma mai ilimi. Sun rabu lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 12. Mahaifinsa na uba, Irving Pfeffer, farfesa ne a fannin kuɗi a Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, kuma marubucin takardu da ke goyon bayan ingantaccen hasashen kasuwa . Shaw ya sami digirin farko na ''summa cum laude'' daga Jami'ar California, San Diego, digiri na biyu a fannin lissafi & kimiyyar lissafi da ilimin bayanai. Ya ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu, sannan digiri na uku daga [[Jami'ar Stanford]] a 1980, sannan ya zama mataimakin farfesa a sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Columbia . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=Executive Profile: David Elliot Shaw Ph.D. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=232164 |publisher=BusinessWeek}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=David E. Shaw |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/54/rich-list-09_David-E-Shaw_201Q.html |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Forbes}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Columbia, Shaw ya gudanar da bincike kan kwamfuta mai layi daya da babban kwamfuta mai suna NON-VON. Wannan babbar kwamfuta ta ƙunshi abubuwan sarrafawa a cikin tsarin itace da aka yi niyya don amfani da su don binciken bayanai cikin sauri. A farkon aikinsa, ya kafa Kamfanin Stanford Systems Corporation. == Sana'ar saka hannun jari == A shekarar 1986, ya shiga Morgan Stanley, a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Fasaha a ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Nunzio Tartaglia mai sarrafa kanta. A shekarar 1994, Shugaba Clinton ya naɗa Shaw a Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Shugaban Ƙasa, inda ya zama shugaban Kwamitin Fasaha ta Ilimi. A shekarar 2000, an zaɓe shi a kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajin ta daga 2000 zuwa 2010. A shekarar 2007, an zaɓe Shaw a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . A shekarar 2009, Shugaba [[Barack Obama|Obama]] ya sake naɗa shi a Majalisar Masu Ba da Shawara kan Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Shugaban Ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=Executive Profile: David Elliot Shaw Ph.D. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=232164 |publisher=BusinessWeek}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, an zaɓe shi a Kwalejin Injiniya ta Ƙasa kuma a shekarar 2014 an zaɓe shi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . === DE Shaw === A shekarar 1988 ya fara asusun ajiyarsa na hedge, DE Shaw & Co, wanda ke amfani da algorithms na mallakar kamfanoni don cinikin tsaro. A shekarar 2018, Forbes ta kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 6.2. Haka kuma babban jami'in bincike ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Halittu da Kimiyyar Halittu ta Kwamfuta a Jami'ar Columbia, kuma farfesa ne na ilimin kimiyyar halittu a makarantar likitanci ta Columbia. Shaw babban masanin kimiyya ne na DE Shaw Research, wanda ke gudanar da bincike tsakanin fannoni daban-daban a fannin ilmin sunadarai na kwamfuta. A cewar rahoton mujallar Alpha ta Institutional Investor's a shekarar 2014, DE Shaw, wanda ya sami dala miliyan 530 a shekarar 2014, da James H. Simons na Renaissance Technologies waɗanda suka sami dala biliyan 1.2 suna cikin manyan masu samun kuɗi 25 a masana'antar asusun hedge. Dukansu "masu dabarun ƙididdigewa ne waɗanda suka kafa kamfanonin da ke gina algorithms don ciniki." == Gudummawar siyasa da ta agaji == Shaw ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 2.25 ga Priority USA Action, wata babbar kungiyar PAC mai goyon bayan 'yar takarar shugabancin jam'iyyar Democrat Hillary Clinton da kuma dala miliyan 1 ga kungiyar Organizing for Action . <ref>name="NPQ">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Rick |author-link= |date=June 20, 2014 |title=Philanthropically Speaking, Who are the Donors to Organizing for Action? |url=https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/06/20/the-philanthropic-identities-of-donors-to-organizing-for-action/ |access-date= |publisher=[[Nonprofit Quarterly]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Asusun Tallafawa Iyali na Shaw, nan da shekarar 2014 shi da matarsa sun bayar da gudummawar dala 400,000 ga Synagogue na Stephen Wise Free, da dala 400,000 ga Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Memorial Sloan Kettering, da kuma dala 800,000 ga Makarantar Horace Mann . <ref>name="NPQ">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Rick |author-link= |date=June 20, 2014 |title=Philanthropically Speaking, Who are the Donors to Organizing for Action? |url=https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/06/20/the-philanthropic-identities-of-donors-to-organizing-for-action/ |access-date= |publisher=[[Nonprofit Quarterly]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCohen2014">Cohen, Rick (June 20, 2014). [https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/06/20/the-philanthropic-identities-of-donors-to-organizing-for-action/ "Philanthropically Speaking, Who are the Donors to Organizing for Action?"]. [[Nonprofit Quarterly]].</cite></ref> Daga 2011 zuwa 2017, Asusun ya bayar da gudummawar dala miliyan 1 ga Jami'ar Yale, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], [[Jami'ar Harvard]], Jami'ar Princeton, da kuma dala 500,000 ga Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar Brown . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=Executive Profile: David Elliot Shaw Ph.D. |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=232164 |publisher=BusinessWeek}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023}}</ref> Gudummawar da aka bayar a kwalejin ta wakilci sama da kashi 60% na ayyukan agaji na Asusun, wanda jimillarsu ya kai dala miliyan 37.3. <ref> name="propub">{{Cite web |last=Kofman |first=Ava |last2=Golden |first2=Daniel |date=28 September 2019 |title=The Hedge Fund Billionaire's Guide to Buying Your Kids a Better Shot at Not Just One Elite College, but Lots of Them |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/hedge-fund-billionaires-donations-college-admissions-elite-universities |website=ProPublica}}</ref> Gudummawar ta kuma yi daidai da lokacin da 'ya'yan Shaw uku za su fara neman shiga jami'a, tun daga shekarar 2014. An karɓe biyu daga cikin 'ya'yan Shaw zuwa Yale. Shaw yana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka . <ref> name="NPQ">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Rick |author-link= |date=June 20, 2014 |title=Philanthropically Speaking, Who are the Donors to Organizing for Action? |url=https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/06/20/the-philanthropic-identities-of-donors-to-organizing-for-action/ |access-date= |publisher=[[Nonprofit Quarterly]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCohen2014">Cohen, Rick (June 20, 2014). [https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/06/20/the-philanthropic-identities-of-donors-to-organizing-for-action/ "Philanthropically Speaking, Who are the Donors to Organizing for Action?"]. [[Nonprofit Quarterly]].</cite></ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Shaw ya auri mai sharhi kan harkokin kuɗi kuma 'yar jarida Beth Kobliner a shekarar 1993. <ref>name="NPQ">{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Rick |author-link= |date=June 20, 2014 |title=Philanthropically Speaking, Who are the Donors to Organizing for Action? |url=https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/06/20/the-philanthropic-identities-of-donors-to-organizing-for-action/ |access-date= |publisher=[[Nonprofit Quarterly]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCohen2014">Cohen, Rick (June 20, 2014). [https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2014/06/20/the-philanthropic-identities-of-donors-to-organizing-for-action/ "Philanthropically Speaking, Who are the Donors to Organizing for Action?"]. [[Nonprofit Quarterly]].</cite></ref> <ref>name="propub">{{Cite web |last=Kofman |first=Ava |last2=Golden |first2=Daniel |date=28 September 2019 |title=The Hedge Fund Billionaire's Guide to Buying Your Kids a Better Shot at Not Just One Elite College, but Lots of Them |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/hedge-fund-billionaires-donations-college-admissions-elite-universities |website=ProPublica}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKofmanGolden2019">Kofman, Ava; Golden, Daniel (28 September 2019). [https://www.propublica.org/article/hedge-fund-billionaires-donations-college-admissions-elite-universities "The Hedge Fund Billionaire's Guide to Buying Your Kids a Better Shot at Not Just One Elite College, but Lots of Them"]. ''ProPublica''.</cite></ref> Shaw Bayahudiya ce kuma shi da matarsa membobin majami'ar Stephen Wise Free da ke New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=David E. Shaw |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/54/rich-list-09_David-E-Shaw_201Q.html |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Forbes}}</ref> 'Yarsu ita ce Rebecca Shaw, tsohuwar ɗaliba a Yale kuma tsohuwar marubuciyar ''Tonight Show'' wacce ta haɗa kai wajen ƙirƙirar jerin fina-finan FX ''Adults'' tare da mijinta, surukin Shaws, Ben Kronengold. Ɗan tsohon mai ba da shawara kan harkokin kuɗi na Amurka kuma marubucin ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' Adam Shaw ne.<ref> name="Forbes profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: David Shaw |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/david-shaw/?sh=42eb5b415094 |access-date=6 March 2021 |website=Forbes}}</ref> <ref name="Hollywood Reporter">{{Cite web |title=FX Picks Up ‘Snowflakes’ Comedy from ‘Tonight Show’ Duo, Nick Kroll |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/fx-snowflakes-comedy-series-nick-kroll-1235960788 |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=Forbes}}</ref> <ref>name="Time">{{Cite web |title=Stanford Economists: Trump’s New Tariff Rules Will Fuel Inflation |url=https://time.com/7312977/stanford-economists-trump-tariff-inflation |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=Time |archive-date=28 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828191919/https://time.com/7312977/stanford-economists-trump-tariff-inflation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Shaw ya sayi gidaje da dama a Westchester County, New York kuma ya haɗa su da wani babban gida wanda ya sami kulawar manema labarai. == Duba kuma == * Jerin masana kimiyyar kwamfuta * Sinadarin kwamfuta == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] 9202o57ylge7i18jswsqj2dm5tguu3s 0 136848 839373 780291 2026-05-23T15:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles George Bluhdorn''' (an haife shi '''Karl Georg Blühdorn''' ; Satumba 20, 1926 - Fabrairu 19, 1983) ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne da aka haifa a Austria. Ya gina dukiyarsa a fannin kayan mota da kayayyaki kamar su [[zinc]], kuma bayan mallakarsa a shekarar 1966 ya zama Shugaba, shugaba kuma shugaban gidan sinima na Hollywood Paramount Pictures . Paramount tsohon reshe ne na Gulf and Western Industries, wanda Bluhdorn ya saya a shekarar 1956 lokacin da ake kiransa Michigan Plating and Stamping Company. Zuwa shekarar 1966, Bluhdorn ya haɓaka Gulf da Western zuwa kudaden shiga da aka kiyasta sun kai dala miliyan 182 (daidai da dala biliyan 1.881 a shekarar 2024); a wannan shekarar ta kasance ta 346 a cikin jerin sunayen Fortune 500. Kamfanin ya girma ta hanyar siyan fim, gami da kwace Stax Records a shekarar 1968, Sega a shekarar 1969, da Simon &amp;amp; Schuster a shekarar 1975. Bluhdorn ya shahara a Hollywood saboda halayensa masu ƙarfi amma masu son jama'a. Ya naɗa Frank Yablans da aka keɓe a matsayin shugaban Paramount kuma Robert Evans wanda ba shi da magana a fili a matsayin shugaban shirya fina-finai, ƙungiya mai wahala da rashin daidaito wadda daga ƙarshe ta kula da fitar da fina-finan da suka shahara ''The Godfather'' (1972), ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), da ''Chinatown'' (1974). Ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a shekarar 1983 yana da shekaru 56. <ref> name="NYTimes Obit">{{Cite web |last=Blair |first=William |date=20 February 1983 |title=Charles G. Bluhdorn, the Head of Gulf + Western, Dies at 56 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/20/obituaries/charles-g-bluhdorn-the-head-of-gulf-and-western-dies-at-56.html |access-date=27 July 2015 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Cikakkun bayanai game da yadda aka haife shi ba su da tabbas; a cewar ''Vanity Fair'' : "gaskiya ne, Charlie bai yi bayani dalla-dalla game da abubuwa da yawa ba, ciki har da ko Bayahude ne, wanda ya ci gaba da yin hasashensa a Hollywood ta hanyar sanya mai gadi a wajen ƙofar ɗakin maza." <ref> name="vanityfair-2015-bluhdorn">{{Cite journal |last=Anson |first=Robert Sam |author-link=Robert Sam Anson |date=April 2001 |title=Hurricane Charlie |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/02/archive-march-2015-charlie-bluhdorn |journal=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}</ref> An haife shi a [[Vienna]], Austria, ga wata uwa Bayahudiya 'yar Austria Rosa Fuchs da kuma uba Paul Blühdorn. Per ''Who's Who a Ridgefield (CT)'', an ɗauke shi a matsayin "jarumi" har mahaifinsa ya tura yaron mai shekaru 11 zuwa makarantar kwana ta Ingilishi don horo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yana da shekaru 16, ya ƙaura zuwa [[New York (jiha)|New York]], yana karatu a Kwalejin City ta New York da Jami'ar Columbia . A shekarar 1946, Bluhdorn ya tafi aiki a Musayar Auduga, yana samun dala 15 a kowane mako. <ref>name="Who's Who in Ridgefield">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who in Ridgefield CT A-F |url=http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |access-date=29 November 2010 |archive-date=23 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723154711/http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wasu labaran sun ce ya yi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a shekarar 1942 kuma ya yi aiki a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka. <ref>name="NYTimes Obit">{{Cite web |last=Blair |first=William |date=20 February 1983 |title=Charles G. Bluhdorn, the Head of Gulf + Western, Dies at 56 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/20/obituaries/charles-g-bluhdorn-the-head-of-gulf-and-western-dies-at-56.html |access-date=27 July 2015 |website=The New York Times}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBlair1983">Blair, William (20 February 1983). [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/02/20/obituaries/charles-g-bluhdorn-the-head-of-gulf-and-western-dies-at-56.html "Charles G. Bluhdorn, the Head of Gulf + Western, Dies at 56"]. ''The New York Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == === Tekun Gulf+Yamma === A shekarar 1956, Bluhdorn tare da David "Jim" Judelson sun mallaki Michigan Plating and Stamping, wani ƙaramin kamfanin kera kayan mota wanda daga ƙarshe ya girma ya zama Gulf and Western Industries, wani kamfani da ya kai matsayi na 61 a cikin Fortune 500 a shekarar 1981. <ref>name="Who's Who in Ridgefield">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who in Ridgefield CT A-F |url=http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |access-date=29 November 2010 |archive-date=23 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723154711/http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm "Who's Who in Ridgefield CT A-F"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723154711/http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |date=2008-07-23 }}<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> A cewar Robert Evans, a shekarar 1970 Bluhdorn ya gaya masa: "Ka yi tunanin, shekaru goma sha biyu da suka gabata ina yawo a kan tituna ina sayar da na'urorin rubutu ƙofa zuwa ƙofa." <ref name="kid">{{Cite web |title=Kid Stays In the Picture, The: Who Is Robert Evans? |url=http://www.cinema.com/articles/988/kid-stays-in-the-picture-the-who-is-robert-evans.phtml |access-date=29 November 2010 |website=Cinema.com}}</ref> Baya ga Gulf da Western, Bluhdorn darakta ne kuma babban mai hannun jari na Bohack, Pueblo Supermarkets, da Ward Foods. Kamfanonin da ke da lasisin mallakar Gulf da Western sun kasance masu suna blue-chip kamar Paramount Pictures, Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, da Madison Square Garden, <ref>James, Caryn. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/books/review/book-review-infamous-players-by-peter-bart.html?auth=login-google1tap&login=google1tap Paramount Pictures, From the Peak]". ''[[New York Times]]'', June 3, 2011. Retrieved October 11 2023</ref> da kuma kadarorin da ba su da kyau kamar Kamfanin Sugar na South Puerto Rico, New Jersey Zinc, da Taylor Forge . <ref>James, Caryn. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/books/review/book-review-infamous-players-by-peter-bart.html?auth=login-google1tap&login=google1tap Paramount Pictures, From the Peak]". ''[[New York Times]]'', June 3, 2011. Retrieved October 11 2023</ref> Sumner Redstone ya ba da shawarar sayen Paramount ga Bluhdorn kuma shugaban talla na Paramount, Martin S. Davis, ya ƙarfafa shi. A lokacin da Gulf da Western suka mallaki Paramount ne ya koma daga matsayi na tara a ofishin tallace-tallace bisa ga jimillar tallace-tallacen da aka samu, zuwa matsayi na ɗaya. Bayan nasarar tallan ''Love Story'' a 1970, Bluhdorn ya naɗa Frank Yablans a matsayin shugaban ɗakin studio da Robert Evans a matsayin shugaban shirya fina-finai. Tare suka kula da ɗakin studio a lokacin da yake kan gaba, suna fitar da waƙoƙi kamar ''The Godfather'', ''The Godfather Part II'', da ''Chinatown'' . <ref name="kid"/> A shekarar 1974, Bluhdorn ya sauka daga mukamin shugaban Paramount ya kuma ɗauki Barry Diller aiki a matsayin shugaban kamfanin Paramount da kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa. A cewar Diller, Bluhdorn da Yablans suna da dangantaka mai tsauri da Yablans da Evans, kuma Redstone ya nemi ƙarin tasiri akan Yablans, waɗanda yake ba su cin hanci akai-akai. === Jamhuriyar Dominican === Bluhdorn ya san da ƙarfin tattalin arzikin [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominican]] sosai, kuma ya zuba jari mai yawa a fannin ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ana yaba masa a matsayin uban masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta Dominican. A shekarar 1967, Gulf da Western sun biya dala miliyan 54 ga Kamfanin Sukari na Kudancin Puerto Rico. Yawancin ayyukan kamfanin suna cikin Jamhuriyar Dominican, inda suka mallaki babban kamfanin sukari na Central Romana a [[La Romana]] da {{Convert|300000|acre|km2}} na ƙasa. An yi amfani da kusan rabin ƙasar wajen samar da rake, kuma a lokacin da ake lokacin yanke rake, kamfanin ya ɗauki ma'aikata 19,000 aiki, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama babbar ma'aikaciyar zaman kanta a ƙasar, kuma ita ce mafi girman mai biyan haraji da mai filaye. Gulf da Western sun mallaki Consolidated Cigar Corporation a shekarar 1968, daga baya kuma suka mayar da ayyukan yin sigari [[Tsibirin Kanariyas|na Canary Island]] zuwa La Romana. Haka kuma sun ƙirƙiri Corporación Financiera Asociada (Cofinasa), wani kamfanin kuɗi na Dominican. <ref>James, Caryn. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/books/review/book-review-infamous-players-by-peter-bart.html?auth=login-google1tap&login=google1tap Paramount Pictures, From the Peak]". ''[[New York Times]]'', June 3, 2011. Retrieved October 11 2023</ref> A shekarar 1969, gwamnatin Dominican da kuma Kamfanin Gulf and Western Americas Corporation sun kafa yankin da babu masana'antu a La Romana. Kamfanin Operadora Zona Franca de La Romana na Gulf da Western America ne ke kula da yankin. Ganin cewa Gulf da Western sun sayi Paramount a shekarar 1966, Bluhdorn yana da shirin mayar da tsibirin zuwa wurin yin fina-finai. Domin ya sayar da ra'ayin, ya kan gayyaci furodusoshi, daraktoci, marubuta da taurarin fina-finai, domin su yaba da kyawun ƙasar. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarun 1970, yankin Gulf da Western sun samar da {{Convert|7000|acre|km2}} na ƙasar masana'antar sukari zuwa wurin shakatawa na Casa de Campo . Casa de Campo gida ne ga filayen golf guda uku da suka shahara a duniya waɗanda Pete Dye ya tsara - Teeth of the Dog, Dye Fore, da Links. <ref name="DOMINICAN RESPITE">{{Cite web |last=Treaster |first=Joseph |date=December 28, 1986 |title=A DOMINICAN RESPITE FROM REALITY |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9A0DEEDA1E3AF93BA15751C1A960948260 |access-date=30 November 2010 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin abokan Bluhdorn na Dominican, Oscar de la Renta, an ɗauke shi aiki don yin ƙirar ciki na Casa de Campo. <ref name="DOMINICAN RESPITE" /> De la Renta shi ma ya ba da lasisin layin sawa na maza ta hanyar Kayser-Roth, wani reshe na Gulf da Western. Bayan wani taro tsakanin Bluhdorn da shugaban kamfanin [[WarnerMedia|sadarwa na Warner Communications]] Steve Ross a shekarar 1976, New York Cosmos ta buga wasa da Violette AC ta [[Haiti]] a Santo Domingo. Ƙungiyar Tsakiyar Romana ta Gulf da Yammacin Amurka ce ta dauki nauyin wasan. <ref>James, Caryn. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/books/review/book-review-infamous-players-by-peter-bart.html?auth=login-google1tap&login=google1tap Paramount Pictures, From the Peak]". ''[[New York Times]]'', June 3, 2011. Retrieved October 11 2023</ref> A farkon shekarun 1980, an kammala gina ƙauyen Altos de Chavón <ref name="DOMINICAN RESPITE"/> . Aikin (wanda Gulf da Western suka ba da kuɗi) ya fara ne a shekarar 1976, lokacin da aka yi wa wani dutse mai dutse fashewa don gina wata hanya da ke kusa. Bluhdorn yana da ra'ayin amfani da duwatsun don sake ƙirƙirar ƙauyen Bahar Rum na ƙarni na 16, kamar wasu gine-ginen da aka samu a tsakiyar tarihi na Santo Domingo. Tsohon mai tsara Paramount Pictures Roberto Copa ne ya tsara ƙauyen. 'Yar Bluhdorn, Dominique Bluhdorn, ita ce shugabar gidauniyar Cibiyar Al'adu ta Altos de Chavón a yanzu. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bluhdorn ya auri Yvette M. LeMarrec, wacce ta taɓa zama 'yar [[Faris|birnin Paris]], a shekarun 1950. <ref name="vanityfair-2015-bluhdorn">{{Cite journal |last=Anson |first=Robert Sam |author-link=Robert Sam Anson |date=April 2001 |title=Hurricane Charlie |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/02/archive-march-2015-charlie-bluhdorn |journal=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnson2001">[[Robert Sam Anson|Anson, Robert Sam]] (April 2001). [https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/2015/02/archive-march-2015-charlie-bluhdorn "Hurricane Charlie"]. ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]''.</cite></ref> Ya kasance babban jami'i mai aiki tukuru wanda a da ake yi wa lakabi da "The Mad Austrian of Wall Street." Ya ci gaba da riƙe matsayinsa na shugaban Gulf and Western Industries har zuwa rasuwarsa. <ref name="Who's Who in Ridgefield">{{Cite web |title=Who's Who in Ridgefield CT A-F |url=http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |access-date=29 November 2010 |archive-date=23 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723154711/http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm "Who's Who in Ridgefield CT A-F"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723154711/http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/A-F.htm |date=2008-07-23 }}<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Duk da cewa ya zauna a Amurka tun yana ɗan shekara 16 zuwa gaba, ya shahara (kuma an yi koyi da shi sosai) saboda lafazin Austro-Jamus mai kauri, wanda tsoffin abokan hulɗarsa kamar Francis Ford Coppola da Robert Evans suka yi ta yi masa ba'a a hirarraki. Bluhdorn abokin tsohon shugaban Jamhuriyar Dominican Joaquín Balaguer kuma tsohon shugaban Cuba Fidel Castro ne . Bluhdorn ya haɗu da Castro a wani taro da aka yi a Havana, wanda ya ɗauki tsawon awanni bakwai. A cewar Michael Eisner a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Work in Progress, a lokacin aikin hajjinsa na farko zuwa Jamhuriyar Dominican, Bluhdorn ya gabatar da wani ra'ayi da yake da shi don hoto: wani sabon shirin Bad News Bears da aka shirya a Cuba, inda Castro ya lashe gasar gida (ya kuma gabatar da fim ɗin da Sitting Bull ya haɗu da Hitler ). == Mutuwa == A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 1983, Bluhdorn ya mutu yana da shekaru 56 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] a cikin jirginsa na kamfanin yayin da yake dawowa gida zuwa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] daga wurin shakatawa na Casa de Campo da ke [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominican]] . An yi jana'izarsa ta sirri a Cocin St. Mary da ke Ridgefield, [[Connecticut]] . Daga cikin waɗanda suka halarci taron akwai abokinsa kuma tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Waje [[Henry Kissinger]] . <ref name="Who's Who in Ridgefield"/> == Gado == A shekarar 1983, Donald Gaston ya kafa kyautar Charles G. Bluhdorn a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Tufts da ke [[Boston]] don tunawa da Bluhdorn. Ana ba da ita kowace shekara ga wani dalibi mai digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki wanda ya nuna ƙwarewa a fannin ilimi. <ref name="tufts">{{Cite web |title=Charles G. Bluhdorn Prize in Economics, 1983 |url=http://dl.tufts.edu/view_text.jsp?urn=tufts:central:dca:UA069:UA069.005.DO.00001&chapter=C00017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610104644/http://dl.tufts.edu//view_text.jsp?urn=tufts:central:dca:UA069:UA069.005.DO.00001&chapter=C00017 |archive-date=10 June 2010 |access-date=30 November 2010 |website=Tufts Digital Library}}</ref> Asusun Tallafawa Jama'a na Charles G. & Yvette Bluhdorn Charitable Trust wata kungiya ce ta agaji mai darajar dala miliyan daya da 'ya'yansu ke kula da ita. Tsakanin 2007 da 2013, asusun ya ragu, kuma ya zuwa shekarar 2019 an lissafa kadarorin da ba su kai dala $3,000 ba. <ref>James, Caryn. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/books/review/book-review-infamous-players-by-peter-bart.html?auth=login-google1tap&login=google1tap Paramount Pictures, From the Peak]". ''[[New York Times]]'', June 3, 2011. Retrieved October 11 2023</ref> Fim ɗin 1990 ''mai suna The Godfather Part III'' an sadaukar da shi ga Bluhdorn, "wanda ya ba shi kwarin gwiwa." <ref>James, Caryn. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/books/review/book-review-infamous-players-by-peter-bart.html?auth=login-google1tap&login=google1tap Paramount Pictures, From the Peak]". ''[[New York Times]]'', June 3, 2011. Retrieved October 11 2023</ref> An rubuta dangantakarsa mai cike da rudani da shugaban kamfanin Paramount Robert Evans a cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarsa na Evans na 1994 ''mai suna The Kid Stays in the Picture'' da kuma a cikin fim ɗin 2002 mai suna iri ɗaya, da kuma jerin fina-finan ''The Offer na 2022,'' inda Burn Gorman ya nuna Bluhdorn. <ref name="kid"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j76me8luiy2v69ubcredom2jbgqx3r1 0 137808 839615 782150 2026-05-24T08:39:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Digirin farko na shari'a a''' Sipaniya digiri ne na jami'a da ake bayarwa ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun shari'a cikin nasara a jami'a. Ba iri ɗaya bane da digirin farko na shari'a . Spain tana bayar da nau'ikan digiri na farko a fannin shari'a. Mutum yana amfani da Tsarin Bologna kuma yana buƙatar shekaru 5 na karatu tare da ƙwarewa da kuma ba tare da horon shari'a ba. Digirin na gaba yana ɗaukar shekaru 4, tare da horon aiki kuma don ƙwarewa yana da mahimmanci a yi karatun digiri na biyu. == Kafin Bologna == Digirin farko a fannin Shari'a a tsarin Bologna ana kiransa ''Licenciatura en Derecho'', digiri ne na lasisin ilimi, digiri ne ƙasa da na PhD . Ya yi daidai da digiri na biyu a tsarin Ingilishi . ''Licenciatura'' yawanci yana buƙatar shekaru 4 zuwa 6 na darussa na jami'a, kuma yana da nauyin da ya kai maki 300 zuwa 400. Yana buƙatar shekaru 5 na darussa na jami'a, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asignaturas (Licenciatura en Derecho) - Facultad de Derecho - Universidad de Murcia |url=https://www.um.es/web/derecho/contenido/estudios/grados/lic-derecho/plan/asignaturas |access-date=2019-09-23 |website=www.um.es |archive-date=2019-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923095144/https://www.um.es/web/derecho/contenido/estudios/grados/lic-derecho/plan/asignaturas |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Licenciatura en Derecho (extinguida) {{!}} Facultad de Derecho |url=https://centros.unileon.es/derecho/licenciatura-en-derecho/ |access-date=2019-09-23 |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=PLAN DE ESTUDIOS. LICENCIATURA EN DERECHO. |url=https://centros.unileon.es/derecho/files/2012/09/Plan-de-Estudios.-Licenciatura-en-Derecho.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asignaturas de Licenciado en Derecho (Plan 1953) - Diplomaturas, Licenciaturas e Ingenierías - Universidad de Almería |url=http://cms.ual.es/UAL/estudios/titulaciones/titulacion/asignaturas/TITULACION0753?id=&idTit=0753 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923100645/http://cms.ual.es/UAL/estudios/titulaciones/titulacion/asignaturas/TITULACION0753%3Fid%3D%26idTit%3D0753 |archive-date=2019-09-23 |access-date=2019-09-23 |website=cms.ual.es}}</ref> kuma an kafa shi a shekarar 1953. Tare da Tsarin Bologna, an cire wannan digirin lasisi a jami'o'in Spain kuma an maye gurbinsa da tsarin ''Grado'' (Digiri na farko, sunan ɗaya) da kuma ''digiri na biyu'' . Kafin Tsarin Bologna, ba a ɗauki digirin masters a matsayin digiri na hukuma a Spain ba, domin sauyawa daga digiri na farko zuwa digiri na biyu za a iya yi ne kawai kai tsaye daga ''Licenciatura'' zuwa digiri na uku. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ifan5rng2mtmssljrfu9y0gh12r37dm 0 139754 839393 791273 2026-05-23T16:25:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chastity Bowick''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1985) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare lafiyar masu canza jinsi ce ta Amurka kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin zamantakewa da ke zaune a Massachusetts. An san ta da aikinta na tallafawa masu canza jinsi marasa galihu da marasa galihu a matsayin babbar darakta ta Cibiyar Marsha P. Johnson da kuma tsohuwar babbar darakta ta Asusun Gaggawa na Masu Canza jinsi na Massachusetts. Bowick ta kuma kafa wani kamfanin ba da shawara, inda take ba da horo ga ƙungiyoyi kan yin aiki tare da al'ummomin masu canza jinsi da waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da jinsi biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Rainbow Times |date=2020-12-15 |title=Transgender Emergency Fund Of MA At Work |url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Rainbow Times {{!}} New England's Largest LGBTQ Newspaper {{!}} Boston |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108231837/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Micek |first=John L. |date=12 February 2024 |title=Mass. LGBTQ+ leaders: Chastity Bowick 'gives a voice to the voiceless' |url=https://www.masslive.com/news/2024/02/mass-lgbtq-leaders-chastity-bowick-gives-a-voice-to-the-voiceless.html |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=MassLive |language=en}}</ref> Bowick mace ce baƙar fata 'yar canjin jinsi wadda ke amfani da karin magana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chastity Bowick {{!}} Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum |url=https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/being-muholi/future-archive/chastity-bowick |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.gardnermuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta kuma ta girma a Rochester, New York, Bowick ta fara canjinta tana da shekaru 17 bayan ta ƙaura zuwa [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]] don neman yanayi mafi aminci don tsarin tabbatar da jinsi. Ta yi magana game da ƙalubalen farko da ta fuskanta, ciki har da fuskantar rashin matsuguni, cin zarafin gida, da kuma shiga aikin jima'i na tsira . <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Rainbow Times |date=2020-12-15 |title=Transgender Emergency Fund Of MA At Work |url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Rainbow Times {{!}} New England's Largest LGBTQ Newspaper {{!}} Boston |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108231837/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki da fafutuka == Daga 2015 zuwa 2023, Bowick ta jagoranci Asusun Gaggawa na Transgender na Massachusetts, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke da manufar samar da ayyukan tallafi ga mutanen da ba su da galihu da kuma marasa galihu masu canza jinsi, gami da taimakon gidaje da kiwon lafiya. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Micek |first=John L. |date=12 February 2024 |title=Mass. LGBTQ+ leaders: Chastity Bowick 'gives a voice to the voiceless' |url=https://www.masslive.com/news/2024/02/mass-lgbtq-leaders-chastity-bowick-gives-a-voice-to-the-voiceless.html |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=MassLive |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMicek2024">Micek, John L. (12 February 2024). [https://www.masslive.com/news/2024/02/mass-lgbtq-leaders-chastity-bowick-gives-a-voice-to-the-voiceless.html "Mass. LGBTQ+ leaders: Chastity Bowick 'gives a voice to the voiceless'"]. ''MassLive''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-08</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Rainbow Times |date=2020-12-15 |title=Transgender Emergency Fund Of MA At Work |url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Rainbow Times {{!}} New England's Largest LGBTQ Newspaper {{!}} Boston |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108231837/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin annobar COVID-19, ta fara wani shirin abinci mai gina jiki tare da hadin gwiwar American Heart Association da About Fresh don isar da akwatunan amfanin gona ga mutanen da suka canza jinsi a fadin jihar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chastity Bowick {{!}} Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum |url=https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/being-muholi/future-archive/chastity-bowick |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.gardnermuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |title=ISMS 2024 Keynote Speaker: Chastity Bowick |url=https://www.streetmedicine.org/index.php?option=com_dailyplanetblog&view=entry&year=2024&month=07&day=15&id=39:isms-2024-keynote-speaker-chastity-bowick |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.streetmedicine.org}}</ref> Bowick ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen shirya taruka don tunawa da Ranar Tunawa da Transgender (TDOR), kamar jagorantar bikin tunawa da TDOR na shekara-shekara na 25 na Birnin Boston a watan Nuwamba 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=25th Annual Transgender Day of Remembrance to Honor Rita Hester and Transgender Community |url=https://www.baywindows.com/story.php?ch=news&sc=massachusetts&id=336444#:~:text=While%20TDOR%20is%20officially%20observed,threats%20of%20discrimination%20and%20harm. |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=25th Annual Transgender Day of Remembrance to Honor Rita Hester and Transgender Community |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-04 |title=Boston police recommit to solving murder of Rita Hester, whose death inspired Transgender Day of Remembrance |url=https://www.wgbh.org/news/local/2023-12-04/boston-police-recommit-to-solving-murder-of-rita-hester-whose-death-inspired-transgender-day-of-remembrance |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=GBH |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-22 |title=Advocate and activist Chastity Bowick keynote speaker for Transgender Day of Remembrance |url=https://www.umassmed.edu/news/news-archives/2021/11/advocate-and-activist-chastity-bowick-keynote-speaker-for-transgender-day-of-remembrance/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=UMass Chan Medical School |language=en}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2023, Bowick ya kafa Chastity's Consulting & Talent Group, LLC (CCTG), wanda ke ba da jagora ga ƙungiyoyi kan tallafawa al'ummomin transgender. CCTG tana da nufin haɓaka kariyar daidaito da inganta rayuwar waɗannan al'ummomi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Micek |first=John L. |date=12 February 2024 |title=Mass. LGBTQ+ leaders: Chastity Bowick 'gives a voice to the voiceless' |url=https://www.masslive.com/news/2024/02/mass-lgbtq-leaders-chastity-bowick-gives-a-voice-to-the-voiceless.html |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=MassLive |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMicek2024">Micek, John L. (12 February 2024). [https://www.masslive.com/news/2024/02/mass-lgbtq-leaders-chastity-bowick-gives-a-voice-to-the-voiceless.html "Mass. LGBTQ+ leaders: Chastity Bowick 'gives a voice to the voiceless'"]. ''MassLive''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-08</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Rainbow Times |date=2020-12-15 |title=Transgender Emergency Fund Of MA At Work |url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Rainbow Times {{!}} New England's Largest LGBTQ Newspaper {{!}} Boston |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108231837/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bowick kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Daraktan Hulɗar Al'umma a Cibiyar Bincike ta CARE ta Babban Asibitin Massachusetts . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=ISMS 2024 Keynote Speaker: Chastity Bowick |url=https://www.streetmedicine.org/index.php?option=com_dailyplanetblog&view=entry&year=2024&month=07&day=15&id=39:isms-2024-keynote-speaker-chastity-bowick |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.streetmedicine.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.streetmedicine.org/index.php?option=com_dailyplanetblog&view=entry&year=2024&month=07&day=15&id=39:isms-2024-keynote-speaker-chastity-bowick "ISMS 2024 Keynote Speaker: Chastity Bowick"]. ''www.streetmedicine.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-08</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chastity Bowick {{!}} Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum |url=https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/being-muholi/future-archive/chastity-bowick |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.gardnermuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2025, an sanar da Bowick a matsayin sabon darektan zartarwa na Cibiyar Marsha P. Johnson, wanda ya maye gurbin Elle Moxley . == Daraja da kyaututtuka == Bowick ta sami kyaututtuka da dama saboda gudummawar da ta bayar wajen kare hakkin mata da kuma tallafawa lafiya ga al'ummar masu canza jinsi, ciki har da: * Kyautar TDOV Mai fafutuka da gani daga Hukumar Massachusetts kan Matasan LGBTQ (2024) * Shugaban LGBTQ+ na Massachusetts daga MassLive (2023) <ref name=":0"/> * Kyautar Zakaran LGBTQIA+ daga AdClub Equity Project (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chastity Bowick {{!}} Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum |url=https://www.gardnermuseum.org/experience/being-muholi/future-archive/chastity-bowick |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=www.gardnermuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> * Kyautar Lavender Rhino ta Aikin Tarihi (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Rainbow Times |date=2020-12-15 |title=Transgender Emergency Fund Of MA At Work |url=https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Rainbow Times {{!}} New England's Largest LGBTQ Newspaper {{!}} Boston |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108231837/https://www.therainbowtimesmass.com/transgender-emergency-fund-of-ma-at-work/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar Inganta Daidaito daga Hukumar Massachusetts kan Matasan LGBTQ (2018) == Duba kuma ==   * Haƙƙoƙin LGBT a Massachusetts * [[Ƴancin motsin ɗan Adam|Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin masu canza jinsi]] * Auren jinsi ɗaya a Massachusetts * Jerin kungiyoyin kare hakkin LGBT == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 533sl54m47ygo1s7imv01t4unxvfql2 0 140626 839336 795419 2026-05-23T13:37:39Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Oba_Femi_Je'Von_Evans_081925.jpg|Oba_Femi_Je'Von_Evans_081925.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Yann|Yann]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Sarah Bellia|]]. 839336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Isaac Odugbesan''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1998) ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Najeriya kuma tsohon ɗan wasan harbi . Ya shiga WWE, inda yake yin wasa a ƙarƙashin sunan ƙungiyar '''Oba Femi''' . Tsohon zakaran NXT ne sau biyu, kuma tsohon zakaran NXT na Arewacin Amurka mai ci a karo na farko kuma mafi daɗewa. An haifi Odugbesan a Legas, kuma ya fafata a tseren gudu a lokacin makarantar sakandare da kwaleji. Bayan ya sanya hannu da WWE a shekarar 2021 ta hanyar shirin NIL, Odugbesan ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta NXT ta 2023 da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta Iron Survivor ta 2024 . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Isaac Odugbesan a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1998, <ref> name="NIL">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=WWE unveils inaugural NIL class |url=https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=April 22, 2025 |title=NXT in Las Vegas (reports needed), Dark Side of the Ring, last week's NXT TV grade, Ezekiel Jackson, Chuck Taylor, Oba Femi |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/22/nxt-in-las-vegas-reports-needed-dark-side-of-the-ring-last-weeks-nxt-tv-grade-ezekiel-jackson-chuck-taylor-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> ɗan Maria da Niyi Odugbesan. <ref> name="Alabama">{{Cite web |title=Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country |url=https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Athletics]]}}</ref> Ya kasance mai sha'awar kokawa ta ƙwararru tun yana ɗan shekara shida, inda Triple H da [[The Undertaker]] suka zama fitattun 'yan kokawa da ya fi so. <ref> name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}</ref> <ref> name="Athletic">{{Cite web |last=Vannini |first=Chris |date=July 12, 2025 |title=Oba Femi, All-America shot putter turned WWE rising star, has the NCAA's NIL era to thank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6488400/2025/07/12/oba-femi-wwe-ncaa-nil-shot-put |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> == Aikin tsere da filin wasa == Odugbesan ya halarci [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], inda ya karanci zane-zane na studio sannan ya lashe lambobin yabo goma a gasar wasannin jami'o'in Najeriya a lokacin kakarsa ta farko a shekarar 2016. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=July 10, 2024 |title=From shot put champion to the WWE: the journey of Oba Femi |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/115048/top-stories/from-shot-put-champion-to-the-wwe-the-journey-of-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}</ref> A kaka ta 2017, ya koma Amurka don halartar Jami'ar Jihar Middle Tennessee bisa tallafin karatu na tuki da gudu, inda aka nada shi a matsayin Sabon Shekara na Taron Amurka na Maza kuma wanda aka zaba a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa a cikin 'yan wasa a waje. <ref name="Athletic">{{Cite web |last=Vannini |first=Chris |date=July 12, 2025 |title=Oba Femi, All-America shot putter turned WWE rising star, has the NCAA's NIL era to thank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6488400/2025/07/12/oba-femi-wwe-ncaa-nil-shot-put |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVannini2025">Vannini, Chris (July 12, 2025). </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Edwin |date=March 12, 2021 |title=Big Alabama Track Athlete also has a Deft Hand with a Paint Brush |url=https://www.si.com/college/alabama/bamacentral/big-alabama-track-athlete-also-has-a-deft-hand-with-a-paint-brush |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> Odugbesan ya koma Jami'ar Alabama a 2019, <ref name="Alabama">{{Cite web |title=Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country |url=https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Athletics]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 "Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country"]. </cite></ref> inda ya lashe gasar harbi a gasar SEC ta cikin gida a gasar tsere da gudu a 2021 da 2022, kuma ya lashe gasar tsere a waje a shekarar da ta gabata. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> Ya kammala karatunsa a watan Mayu na 2022 da digiri a [[Zane-zane na gani|fannin zane-zane]] . <ref name="Herald">{{Cite web |last=Varsallone |first=Jim |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Interviews with WWE's LA Knight, NXT's Oba Femi, MLW's AJ Francis, WOW's Genesis. Plus CCW 20 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/fighting/article286701330.html |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Miami Herald]]}}</ref> == Aikin kokawa na ƙwararru == === WWE (2021–yanzu) === ==== NXT (2021–2026) ==== A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2021, Odugbesan ya rattaba hannu da WWE a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon shirinsa na Next In Line don haɓaka 'yan wasan kwaleji zuwa masu kokawa na WWE. <ref name="NIL">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=WWE unveils inaugural NIL class |url=https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class "WWE unveils inaugural NIL class"]. </cite></ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara horo a Cibiyar Ayyukan WWE . <ref name="Herald">{{Cite web |last=Varsallone |first=Jim |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Interviews with WWE's LA Knight, NXT's Oba Femi, MLW's AJ Francis, WOW's Genesis. Plus CCW 20 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/fighting/article286701330.html |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Miami Herald]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVarsallone2024">Varsallone, Jim (March 27, 2024). </cite></ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a cikin shirin NXT kai tsaye a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2022, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Channing "Stacks" Lorenzo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=November 12, 2022 |title=NXT Live Event Results From Dade City, FL (11/11): Bron Breakker Teams With Wes Lee And Odyssey Jones |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/nxt-live-event-results-dade-city-fl-1111-bron-breakker-teams-wes-lee-and-odyssey-jones/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin sunan zoben '''Oba Femi''', ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kan allo a shirin ''NXT Level Up'' na ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Dante Chen . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chik |first=Jon |date=November 18, 2022 |title=NXT Level Up results: Nov. 18, 2022 |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/nxt-level-up/article/nxt-level-up-results-nov-18-2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119055835/https://www.wwe.com/shows/nxt-level-up/article/nxt-level-up-results-nov-18-2022 |archive-date=November 19, 2022 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko na NXT, Femi ya doke Oro Mensah a <nowiki><i id="mwjg">Spring Breakin</i></nowiki> ' a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiken |first=Chris |date=April 25, 2023 |title=WWE NXT Spring Breakin' live results: Carmelo Hayes vs. Grayson Waller |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/wwe-nxt-spring-breakin-live-results-carmelo-hayes-vs-grayson-waller/ |access-date=April 26, 2023 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Bayan dakatar da kallon talabijin, ya lashe Gasar NXT Breakout ta Maza ta 2023 ta hanyar kayar da Riley Osborne a wasan karshe a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2024, a <nowiki><i id="mwlg">NXT</i></nowiki> : Mugun Sabuwar Shekara, inda ya sami kwangilar samun damar lashe gasar saboda taken da ya zaba. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> A mako mai zuwa a <nowiki><i id="mwnQ">NXT</i></nowiki>, Femi ya yi amfani da kwangilarsa ta Breakout Tournament ya kuma doke Dragon Lee don lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Arewacin Amurka ta NXT, inda ya zama ɗan wasan farko da ya kammala shirin Next In Line (NIL) da ya lashe gasar WWE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=January 9, 2024 |title=NXT TV results (1/9): Moore's review of Tony D'Angelo and Channing Lorenzo vs. OTM for the NXT Tag Titles, Gigi Dolin vs. Cora Jade, the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament begins |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/01/09/nxt-tv-results-1-9-moores-review-of-tony-dangelo-and-channing-lorenzo-vs-otm-for-the-nxt-tag-titles-gigi-dolin-vs-cora-jade-the-dusty-rhodes-tag-team-classic-tournament-begins/ |access-date=January 9, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Femi zai ci gaba da riƙe kambun a kan Lee a Ranar Zaɓe ta NXT a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=February 4, 2024 |title=NXT Vengeance Day results: Moore's live review of Ilja Dragunov vs. Trick Williams for the NXT Title, Lyra Valkyria vs. Roxanne Perez for the NXT Women's Title, Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic finals |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/02/04/nxt-vengeance-day-results-moores-live-review-of-ilja-dragunov-vs-trick-williams-for-the-nxt-title-lyra-valkyria-vs-roxanne-perez-for-the-nxt-womens-title-dusty-rhodes-tag-team-classic-finals/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Dijak da Josh Briggs a wasan barazana uku a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=April 6, 2024 |title=NXT Stand & Deliver results: Moore's live review of Trick Williams vs. Carmelo Hayes, Ilja Dragunov vs. Tony D'Angelo for the NXT Title, Lyra Valkyria vs. Roxanne Perez for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/06/nxt-stand-deliver-results-moores-live-review-of-trick-williams-vs-carmelo-hayes-ilja-dragunov-vs-tony-dangelo-for-the-nxt-title-lyra-valkyria-vs-roxanne-perez-for-the-nxt-womens-title/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Wes Lee a wasan barazana uku (wanda kuma ya haɗa da Joe Coffey ) a NXT Battleground a ranar 25 ga Mayu da kuma wasan damar ƙarshe a NXT Heatwave a ranar 7 ga Yuli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michaels |first=Corey |date=June 9, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Battleground live results: Ethan Page & Jordynne Grace challenge for championships |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-battleground-live-results-trick-williams-vs-ethan-page-roxanne-perez-vs-jordynne-grace/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=July 7, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Heatwave live results: Fatal four-way title match |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-heatwave-live-results-fatal-four-way-title-match/ |access-date=July 7, 2024 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> da Tony D'Angelo a NXT No Mercy a ranar 1 ga Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=September 1, 2024 |title=NXT No Mercy results: Moore's live review of Ethan Page vs. Joe Hendry for the NXT Championship with Trick Williams as special referee, Roxanne Perez vs. Jaida Parker for the NXT Women's Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/09/01/nxt-no-mercy-results-moores-live-review-of-ethan-page-vs-joe-hendry-for-the-nxt-championship-with-trick-williams-as-special-referee-roxanne-perez-vs-jaida-parker-for-the-nxt-womens-championshi/ |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Femi ya zarce mulkin Wes Lee na kwanaki 269, don haka ya zama Zakaran NXT North American mafi daɗewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=October 5, 2024 |title=Oba Femi Becomes Longest Reigning NXT North American Champion |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/oba-femi-becomes-longest-reigning-nxt-north-american-champion/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> A mako na 2 na wasan farko na <nowiki><i id="mwyQ">NXT</i></nowiki> na CW a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, Femi ya rasa kambun a hannun D'Angelo, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa a cikin kwanaki 273 da suka gabata kuma ya sha kashi a karon farko a 2024 bayan ya yi nasara a wasanni 30 a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Renner |first=Ethan |date=October 8, 2024 |title=New North American Champion crowned on WWE NXT |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/new-north-american-champion-crowned-on-wwe-nxt/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]] |quote=Femi’s first North American title reign ends at 273 days, plus D’Angelo handed Femi his first loss of 2024 in the title bout. Femi had been 30-0 across all matches in NXT this year.}}</ref> Ya kasa sake samun kambun daga D'Angelo a wasan Tables, Ladders and Scares a ranar 27 ga Oktoba a NXT Halloween Havoc, bayan da dangin D'Angelo suka yi masa katsalandan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=October 27, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Halloween Havoc live results: Trick Williams vs. Ethan Page |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-halloween-havoc-live-results-trick-williams-vs-ethan-page-devils-playground-match/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Bayan ɗan gajeren hutu, Femi ya dawo a ranar ƙarshe ta NXT a ranar 9 ga Disamba, inda ya shiga wasan Iron Survivor Challenge a maimakon Eddy Thorpe da ya ji rauni kuma ya yi nasara, inda ya sami nasarar buga wasan NXT Championship da Trick Williams a <nowiki><i id="mw4g">NXT</i></nowiki> : Sabuwar Shekarar Mugunta a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2025, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=December 7, 2024 |title=NXT Deadline results: Powell's live review of Trick Williams vs. Ridge Holland for the NXT Title, Iron Survivor Challenge matches, Jaida Parker vs. Lola Vice in an NXT Underground match |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/12/07/nxt-deadline-results-moores-live-review-of-trick-williams-vs-ridge-holland-for-the-nxt-title-iron-survivor-challenge-matches-jaida-parker-vs-lola-vice-in-an-nxt-underground-match/ |access-date=December 8, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> inda ya doke Williams a wasan barazana uku wanda ya haɗa da Thorpe don lashe gasar, inda ya zama ɗan wasan farko da ya kammala karatun digiri na NIL da ya lashe babban gasar WWE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=January 7, 2025 |title=NXT TV results (1/7): Moore's review of The Rock's appearance, Trick Williams vs. Oba Femi vs. Eddy Thorpe for the NXT Title, Roxanne Perez vs. Giulia for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/01/07/nxt-tv-results-1-7-moores-review-of-the-rocks-appearance-trick-williams-vs-oba-femi-vs-eddy-thorpe-for-the-nxt-title-roxanne-perez-vs-giulia-for-the-nxt-womens-title/ |access-date=January 8, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ucchino |first=Rick |date=January 14, 2025 |title=Exclusive: Oba Femi Paves The Way For Future WWE NIL Prospects |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/wrestling/features/oba-femi-paves-the-way-for-future-wwe-nil-prospects-exclusive |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> Ya yi nasarar kare kambun a kan Austin Theory da Grayson Waller a wasan barazana uku a ranar NXT Vengeance Day a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=February 15, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Vengeance Day live results: Four title defenses highlight six-match card |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-vengeance-day-live-results-four-title-defenses-highlight-six-match-card/ |access-date=February 18, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> A NXT Roadblock a ranar 11 ga Maris, Femi ya doke TNA X Division Champion Moose don riƙe kambun. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=March 11, 2025 |title=NXT TV results (3/11): Moore's review of Giulia vs. Stephanie Vaquer in a title vs. title match, Oba Femi vs. Moose for the NXT Title, The Hardys vs. Nathan Frazer and Axiom for the TNA Tag Team Titles |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/03/11/nxt-tv-results-3-11-moores-review-of-giulia-vs-stephanie-vaquer-in-a-title-vs-title-match-oba-femi-vs-moose-for-the-nxt-title-the-hardys-vs-nathan-frazer-and-axiom-for-the-tna-tag-team-titl/ |access-date=March 11, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> A cikin watanni masu zuwa, ya yi nasarar kare kambun a kan Williams da Je'Von Evans a cikin barazanar uku a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=April 19, 2025 |title=NXT Stand & Deliver results: Moore's live review of Oba Femi vs. Trick Williams vs. Je'Von Evans for the NXT Title, Stephanie Vaquer vs. Giulia vs. Jordynne Grace vs. Jaida Parker for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/19/nxt-stand-deliver-results-moores-live-review-of-oba-femi-vs-trick-williams-vs-jevon-evans-for-the-nxt-title-stephanie-vaquer-vs-giulia-vs-jordynne-grace-vs-jaida-parker-for-the-nxt-w/ |access-date=April 20, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Myles Borne a NXT Battleground a ranar 25 ga Mayu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=May 25, 2025 |title=NXT Battleground results: Moore's live review of Stephanie Vaquer vs. Jordynne Grace for the NXT Women's Championship, Joe Hendry vs. Trick Williams for the TNA World Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/05/25/nxt-battleground-results-moores-live-review-of-stephanie-vaquer-vs-jordynne-grace-for-the-nxt-womens-championship-joe-hendry-vs-trick-williams-for-the-tna-world-championship/ |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Yoshiki Inamura a NXT The Great American Bash a ranar 12 ga Yuli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Jeff |date=July 12, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Great American Bash live results: Three title matches |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-great-american-bash-live-results-three-title-matches/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> da Evans a NXT Heatwave a ranar 24 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Jeff |date=August 24, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Heatwave live results: Oba Femi vs. Je'Von Evans, three title matches |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-heatwave-live-results-oba-femi-vs-jevon-evans-three-title-matches/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> A NXT No Mercy a ranar 27 ga Satumba, Femi ya sha kashi a gasar NXT Championship a hannun Ricky Saints, inda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa na farko da kwanaki 263, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=September 27, 2025 |title=NXT No Mercy results: Moore's live review of Oba Femi vs. Ricky Saints for the NXT Championship, Jacy Jayne vs. Lola Vice for the NXT Women's Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/09/27/nxt-no-mercy-results-moores-live-review-of-oba-femi-vs-ricky-saints-for-the-nxt-championship-jacy-jayne-vs-lola-vice-for-the-nxt-womens-championship/ |access-date=September 28, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> amma ya sake samun kambun a ranar 6 ga Disamba a ranar NXT . <ref name="NXTDeadline2025">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=December 6, 2025 |title=NXT Deadline results: Moore's live review of Ricky Saints vs. Oba Femi for the NXT Title, Iron Survivor Challenge matches |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/12/06/nxt-deadline-results-moores-live-review-of-ricky-saints-vs-oba-femi-for-the-nxt-title-iron-survivor-challenge-matches/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Domin lashe wasan NXT Deadline, Femi ya yi kokawa da babban wasansa na farko da Undisputed WWE Champion Cody Rhodes a wasan Champion vs. Champion wanda ba shi da kambun a ranar Asabar da dare Main Event XLII a ranar 13 ga Disamba, inda wasan ya ƙare ba tare da wata gasa ba bayan tsangwama daga [[Drew McIntyre]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulla-Heffinger |first=Anthony |date=December 13, 2025 |title=John Cena's last match: Live results, updates, grades and highlights from WWE Saturday Night's Main Event |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/wrestling/breaking-news/live/john-cenas-last-match-live-results-updates-grades-and-highlights-from-wwe-saturday-nights-main-event-060010006.html |access-date=December 14, 2025 |website=[[Yahoo! Sports]] |language=}}</ref> Bayan nasarar kare kambun a kan Leon Slater a <nowiki><i id="mwASo">gasar New Year's Evil</i></nowiki> a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2026, Femi ya bar gasar NXT Championship a cikin zobe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Andrew |date=January 6, 2026 |title=Oba Femi Leaves NXT Championship In The Ring After Retaining At New Year’s Evil |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/oba-femi-leaves-nxt-championship-in-the-ring-after-retaining-at-new-years-evil/ |access-date=January 6, 2026 |website=Fightful}}</ref> Washegari, an bayyana cewa Femi ya bar kambun a hukumance, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa da kwanaki 32. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Currier |first=Joseph |date=January 7, 2026 |title=WWE confirms status of NXT Championship |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/wwe-confirms-status-of-nxt-championship/ |access-date=January 7, 2026 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> ==== Babban jerin sunayen 'yan wasa (2026-yanzu) ==== Bayan barin kambun, a cikin makonni da suka biyo baya, za a nuna hotunan Femi a Raw da SmackDown, amma ba za su shiga kowace alama ba. A Royal Rumble a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2026, Femi ya shiga wasan da aka fi sani da suna a matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar, inda ya kawar da 'yan kokawa biyar kafin Brock Lesnar ya kawar da shi. === Kokawa Mai Tsawo Ba Tare Da Taka Ba (2025) === Bayan Moose ya fafata da Femi a shirin ''NXT'' na ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2025, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Bryan |date=February 18, 2025 |title=Moose appears on WWE NXT, goes face-to-face with Oba Femi |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/moose-appears-on-wwe-nxt-goes-face-to-face-with-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> ya bayyana a shirin Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) a shirin ''Impact!'' na ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, inda ya fafata da The System . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boone |first=Matt |date=February 20, 2025 |title=TNA Impact live results: Joe Hendry concert, Tessa Blanchard in action |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/impact-wrestling/tna-results/tna-impact-live-results-joe-hendry-concert-tessa-blanchard-in-action/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Mako mai zuwa akan ''Impact!,'' Femi da TNA Tag Team Champions The Hardys ( Jeff Hardy da Matt Hardy ) sun sha kashi a hannun The System a wasan da suka yi da mutane shida . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boone |first=Matt |date=February 27, 2025 |title=TNA Impact live results: Oba Femi teams with the Hardys |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/impact-wrestling/tna-results/tna-impact-live-results-oba-femi-teams-with-the-hardys/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> == Gasar cin kofin zakarun da nasarorin da aka samu == [[Fayil:Oba_Femi_081925_(cropped).jpg|thumb|276x276px|Femi tsohon zakaran NXT ne sau biyu .]] * '''''An Zana Kwazon Kokawa na Ƙwararru''''' ** An sanya shi a matsayi na 14 daga cikin manyan 'yan kokawa 500 na ''PWI 500'' a shekarar 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2025 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2025.html |website=profightdb.com}}</ref> * '''WWE''' ** Gasar NXT ( sau 2 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=NXT Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-championship |access-date=January 7, 2025 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** Gasar Cin Kofin Arewacin Amurka ta NXT ( sau 1 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=NXT North American Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-north-american-championship |access-date=January 11, 2024 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta NXT (2023) ** Kalubalen Rage Karfe na Maza ( 2024 ) ** Kyautar Ƙarshen Shekara ta NXT (sau 3) *** Wasan Shekara ( 2024 ) – {{Small|vs. [[Dijak]] and [[Josh Briggs]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2024)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]}} <ref name="NXT12312024">{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=January 1, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Results (12/31): Kelani Jordan vs. Lola Vice, Year End Awards |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-nxt-results-1231-kelani-jordan-vs-lola-vice-year-end-awards/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> *** Fitaccen Jarumin Shekara Na Maza ( 2024 ) <ref name="NXT12312024" /> *** Wasan Shekara ( 2025 ) – <small>da Je'Von Evans da Trick Williams</small> <small>a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver <ref name="NXT12/30">{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=John |date=December 30, 2025 |title=WWE NXT 12/30 Results: Year-End Award Winners, Ricky Saints pins Je'Von Evans |url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=127550 |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=[[POST Wrestling]] |language=}}</ref></small> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nuzyejdk2pxlt30vhhugt1epxhacdjb 839360 839336 2026-05-23T15:27:12Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Isaac Odugbesan''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1998) ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Najeriya kuma tsohon ɗan wasan harbi . Ya shiga WWE, inda yake yin wasa a ƙarƙashin sunan ƙungiyar '''Oba Femi''' . Tsohon zakaran NXT ne sau biyu, kuma tsohon zakaran NXT na Arewacin Amurka mai ci a karo na farko kuma mafi daɗewa. An haifi Odugbesan a Legas, kuma ya fafata a tseren gudu a lokacin makarantar sakandare da kwaleji. Bayan ya sanya hannu da WWE a shekarar 2021 ta hanyar shirin NIL, Odugbesan ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta NXT ta 2023 da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta Iron Survivor ta 2024 . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Isaac Odugbesan a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1998, <ref> name="NIL">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=WWE unveils inaugural NIL class |url=https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=April 22, 2025 |title=NXT in Las Vegas (reports needed), Dark Side of the Ring, last week's NXT TV grade, Ezekiel Jackson, Chuck Taylor, Oba Femi |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/22/nxt-in-las-vegas-reports-needed-dark-side-of-the-ring-last-weeks-nxt-tv-grade-ezekiel-jackson-chuck-taylor-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> ɗan Maria da Niyi Odugbesan. <ref> name="Alabama">{{Cite web |title=Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country |url=https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Athletics]]}}</ref> Ya kasance mai sha'awar kokawa ta ƙwararru tun yana ɗan shekara shida, inda Triple H da [[The Undertaker]] suka zama fitattun 'yan kokawa da ya fi so. <ref> name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}</ref> <ref> name="Athletic">{{Cite web |last=Vannini |first=Chris |date=July 12, 2025 |title=Oba Femi, All-America shot putter turned WWE rising star, has the NCAA's NIL era to thank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6488400/2025/07/12/oba-femi-wwe-ncaa-nil-shot-put |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> == Aikin tsere da filin wasa == Odugbesan ya halarci [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], inda ya karanci zane-zane na studio sannan ya lashe lambobin yabo goma a gasar wasannin jami'o'in Najeriya a lokacin kakarsa ta farko a shekarar 2016. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=July 10, 2024 |title=From shot put champion to the WWE: the journey of Oba Femi |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/115048/top-stories/from-shot-put-champion-to-the-wwe-the-journey-of-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}</ref> A kaka ta 2017, ya koma Amurka don halartar Jami'ar Jihar Middle Tennessee bisa tallafin karatu na tuki da gudu, inda aka nada shi a matsayin Sabon Shekara na Taron Amurka na Maza kuma wanda aka zaba a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa a cikin 'yan wasa a waje. <ref name="Athletic">{{Cite web |last=Vannini |first=Chris |date=July 12, 2025 |title=Oba Femi, All-America shot putter turned WWE rising star, has the NCAA's NIL era to thank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6488400/2025/07/12/oba-femi-wwe-ncaa-nil-shot-put |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVannini2025">Vannini, Chris (July 12, 2025). </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Edwin |date=March 12, 2021 |title=Big Alabama Track Athlete also has a Deft Hand with a Paint Brush |url=https://www.si.com/college/alabama/bamacentral/big-alabama-track-athlete-also-has-a-deft-hand-with-a-paint-brush |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> Odugbesan ya koma Jami'ar Alabama a 2019, <ref name="Alabama">{{Cite web |title=Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country |url=https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Athletics]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 "Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country"]. </cite></ref> inda ya lashe gasar harbi a gasar SEC ta cikin gida a gasar tsere da gudu a 2021 da 2022, kuma ya lashe gasar tsere a waje a shekarar da ta gabata. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> Ya kammala karatunsa a watan Mayu na 2022 da digiri a [[Zane-zane na gani|fannin zane-zane]] . <ref name="Herald">{{Cite web |last=Varsallone |first=Jim |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Interviews with WWE's LA Knight, NXT's Oba Femi, MLW's AJ Francis, WOW's Genesis. Plus CCW 20 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/fighting/article286701330.html |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Miami Herald]]}}</ref> == Aikin kokawa na ƙwararru == === WWE (2021–yanzu) === ==== NXT (2021–2026) ==== A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2021, Odugbesan ya rattaba hannu da WWE a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon shirinsa na Next In Line don haɓaka 'yan wasan kwaleji zuwa masu kokawa na WWE. <ref name="NIL">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=WWE unveils inaugural NIL class |url=https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class "WWE unveils inaugural NIL class"]. </cite></ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara horo a Cibiyar Ayyukan WWE . <ref name="Herald">{{Cite web |last=Varsallone |first=Jim |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Interviews with WWE's LA Knight, NXT's Oba Femi, MLW's AJ Francis, WOW's Genesis. Plus CCW 20 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/fighting/article286701330.html |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Miami Herald]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVarsallone2024">Varsallone, Jim (March 27, 2024). </cite></ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a cikin shirin NXT kai tsaye a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2022, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Channing "Stacks" Lorenzo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=November 12, 2022 |title=NXT Live Event Results From Dade City, FL (11/11): Bron Breakker Teams With Wes Lee And Odyssey Jones |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/nxt-live-event-results-dade-city-fl-1111-bron-breakker-teams-wes-lee-and-odyssey-jones/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin sunan zoben '''Oba Femi''', ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kan allo a shirin ''NXT Level Up'' na ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Dante Chen . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chik |first=Jon |date=November 18, 2022 |title=NXT Level Up results: Nov. 18, 2022 |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/nxt-level-up/article/nxt-level-up-results-nov-18-2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119055835/https://www.wwe.com/shows/nxt-level-up/article/nxt-level-up-results-nov-18-2022 |archive-date=November 19, 2022 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko na NXT, Femi ya doke Oro Mensah a <nowiki><i id="mwjg">Spring Breakin</i></nowiki> ' a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiken |first=Chris |date=April 25, 2023 |title=WWE NXT Spring Breakin' live results: Carmelo Hayes vs. Grayson Waller |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/wwe-nxt-spring-breakin-live-results-carmelo-hayes-vs-grayson-waller/ |access-date=April 26, 2023 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Bayan dakatar da kallon talabijin, ya lashe Gasar NXT Breakout ta Maza ta 2023 ta hanyar kayar da Riley Osborne a wasan karshe a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2024, a <nowiki><i id="mwlg">NXT</i></nowiki> : Mugun Sabuwar Shekara, inda ya sami kwangilar samun damar lashe gasar saboda taken da ya zaba. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> A mako mai zuwa a <nowiki><i id="mwnQ">NXT</i></nowiki>, Femi ya yi amfani da kwangilarsa ta Breakout Tournament ya kuma doke Dragon Lee don lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Arewacin Amurka ta NXT, inda ya zama ɗan wasan farko da ya kammala shirin Next In Line (NIL) da ya lashe gasar WWE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=January 9, 2024 |title=NXT TV results (1/9): Moore's review of Tony D'Angelo and Channing Lorenzo vs. OTM for the NXT Tag Titles, Gigi Dolin vs. Cora Jade, the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament begins |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/01/09/nxt-tv-results-1-9-moores-review-of-tony-dangelo-and-channing-lorenzo-vs-otm-for-the-nxt-tag-titles-gigi-dolin-vs-cora-jade-the-dusty-rhodes-tag-team-classic-tournament-begins/ |access-date=January 9, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Femi zai ci gaba da riƙe kambun a kan Lee a Ranar Zaɓe ta NXT a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=February 4, 2024 |title=NXT Vengeance Day results: Moore's live review of Ilja Dragunov vs. Trick Williams for the NXT Title, Lyra Valkyria vs. Roxanne Perez for the NXT Women's Title, Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic finals |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/02/04/nxt-vengeance-day-results-moores-live-review-of-ilja-dragunov-vs-trick-williams-for-the-nxt-title-lyra-valkyria-vs-roxanne-perez-for-the-nxt-womens-title-dusty-rhodes-tag-team-classic-finals/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Dijak da Josh Briggs a wasan barazana uku a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=April 6, 2024 |title=NXT Stand & Deliver results: Moore's live review of Trick Williams vs. Carmelo Hayes, Ilja Dragunov vs. Tony D'Angelo for the NXT Title, Lyra Valkyria vs. Roxanne Perez for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/06/nxt-stand-deliver-results-moores-live-review-of-trick-williams-vs-carmelo-hayes-ilja-dragunov-vs-tony-dangelo-for-the-nxt-title-lyra-valkyria-vs-roxanne-perez-for-the-nxt-womens-title/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Wes Lee a wasan barazana uku (wanda kuma ya haɗa da Joe Coffey ) a NXT Battleground a ranar 25 ga Mayu da kuma wasan damar ƙarshe a NXT Heatwave a ranar 7 ga Yuli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michaels |first=Corey |date=June 9, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Battleground live results: Ethan Page & Jordynne Grace challenge for championships |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-battleground-live-results-trick-williams-vs-ethan-page-roxanne-perez-vs-jordynne-grace/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=July 7, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Heatwave live results: Fatal four-way title match |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-heatwave-live-results-fatal-four-way-title-match/ |access-date=July 7, 2024 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> da Tony D'Angelo a NXT No Mercy a ranar 1 ga Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=September 1, 2024 |title=NXT No Mercy results: Moore's live review of Ethan Page vs. Joe Hendry for the NXT Championship with Trick Williams as special referee, Roxanne Perez vs. Jaida Parker for the NXT Women's Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/09/01/nxt-no-mercy-results-moores-live-review-of-ethan-page-vs-joe-hendry-for-the-nxt-championship-with-trick-williams-as-special-referee-roxanne-perez-vs-jaida-parker-for-the-nxt-womens-championshi/ |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Femi ya zarce mulkin Wes Lee na kwanaki 269, don haka ya zama Zakaran NXT North American mafi daɗewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=October 5, 2024 |title=Oba Femi Becomes Longest Reigning NXT North American Champion |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/oba-femi-becomes-longest-reigning-nxt-north-american-champion/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> A mako na 2 na wasan farko na <nowiki><i id="mwyQ">NXT</i></nowiki> na CW a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, Femi ya rasa kambun a hannun D'Angelo, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa a cikin kwanaki 273 da suka gabata kuma ya sha kashi a karon farko a 2024 bayan ya yi nasara a wasanni 30 a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Renner |first=Ethan |date=October 8, 2024 |title=New North American Champion crowned on WWE NXT |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/new-north-american-champion-crowned-on-wwe-nxt/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]] |quote=Femi’s first North American title reign ends at 273 days, plus D’Angelo handed Femi his first loss of 2024 in the title bout. Femi had been 30-0 across all matches in NXT this year.}}</ref> Ya kasa sake samun kambun daga D'Angelo a wasan Tables, Ladders and Scares a ranar 27 ga Oktoba a NXT Halloween Havoc, bayan da dangin D'Angelo suka yi masa katsalandan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=October 27, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Halloween Havoc live results: Trick Williams vs. Ethan Page |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-halloween-havoc-live-results-trick-williams-vs-ethan-page-devils-playground-match/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Bayan ɗan gajeren hutu, Femi ya dawo a ranar ƙarshe ta NXT a ranar 9 ga Disamba, inda ya shiga wasan Iron Survivor Challenge a maimakon Eddy Thorpe da ya ji rauni kuma ya yi nasara, inda ya sami nasarar buga wasan NXT Championship da Trick Williams a <nowiki><i id="mw4g">NXT</i></nowiki> : Sabuwar Shekarar Mugunta a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2025, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=December 7, 2024 |title=NXT Deadline results: Powell's live review of Trick Williams vs. Ridge Holland for the NXT Title, Iron Survivor Challenge matches, Jaida Parker vs. Lola Vice in an NXT Underground match |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/12/07/nxt-deadline-results-moores-live-review-of-trick-williams-vs-ridge-holland-for-the-nxt-title-iron-survivor-challenge-matches-jaida-parker-vs-lola-vice-in-an-nxt-underground-match/ |access-date=December 8, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> inda ya doke Williams a wasan barazana uku wanda ya haɗa da Thorpe don lashe gasar, inda ya zama ɗan wasan farko da ya kammala karatun digiri na NIL da ya lashe babban gasar WWE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=January 7, 2025 |title=NXT TV results (1/7): Moore's review of The Rock's appearance, Trick Williams vs. Oba Femi vs. Eddy Thorpe for the NXT Title, Roxanne Perez vs. Giulia for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/01/07/nxt-tv-results-1-7-moores-review-of-the-rocks-appearance-trick-williams-vs-oba-femi-vs-eddy-thorpe-for-the-nxt-title-roxanne-perez-vs-giulia-for-the-nxt-womens-title/ |access-date=January 8, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ucchino |first=Rick |date=January 14, 2025 |title=Exclusive: Oba Femi Paves The Way For Future WWE NIL Prospects |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/wrestling/features/oba-femi-paves-the-way-for-future-wwe-nil-prospects-exclusive |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> Ya yi nasarar kare kambun a kan Austin Theory da Grayson Waller a wasan barazana uku a ranar NXT Vengeance Day a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=February 15, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Vengeance Day live results: Four title defenses highlight six-match card |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-vengeance-day-live-results-four-title-defenses-highlight-six-match-card/ |access-date=February 18, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> A NXT Roadblock a ranar 11 ga Maris, Femi ya doke TNA X Division Champion Moose don riƙe kambun. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=March 11, 2025 |title=NXT TV results (3/11): Moore's review of Giulia vs. Stephanie Vaquer in a title vs. title match, Oba Femi vs. Moose for the NXT Title, The Hardys vs. Nathan Frazer and Axiom for the TNA Tag Team Titles |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/03/11/nxt-tv-results-3-11-moores-review-of-giulia-vs-stephanie-vaquer-in-a-title-vs-title-match-oba-femi-vs-moose-for-the-nxt-title-the-hardys-vs-nathan-frazer-and-axiom-for-the-tna-tag-team-titl/ |access-date=March 11, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> A cikin watanni masu zuwa, ya yi nasarar kare kambun a kan Williams da Je'Von Evans a cikin barazanar uku a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=April 19, 2025 |title=NXT Stand & Deliver results: Moore's live review of Oba Femi vs. Trick Williams vs. Je'Von Evans for the NXT Title, Stephanie Vaquer vs. Giulia vs. Jordynne Grace vs. Jaida Parker for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/19/nxt-stand-deliver-results-moores-live-review-of-oba-femi-vs-trick-williams-vs-jevon-evans-for-the-nxt-title-stephanie-vaquer-vs-giulia-vs-jordynne-grace-vs-jaida-parker-for-the-nxt-w/ |access-date=April 20, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Myles Borne a NXT Battleground a ranar 25 ga Mayu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=May 25, 2025 |title=NXT Battleground results: Moore's live review of Stephanie Vaquer vs. Jordynne Grace for the NXT Women's Championship, Joe Hendry vs. Trick Williams for the TNA World Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/05/25/nxt-battleground-results-moores-live-review-of-stephanie-vaquer-vs-jordynne-grace-for-the-nxt-womens-championship-joe-hendry-vs-trick-williams-for-the-tna-world-championship/ |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Yoshiki Inamura a NXT The Great American Bash a ranar 12 ga Yuli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Jeff |date=July 12, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Great American Bash live results: Three title matches |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-great-american-bash-live-results-three-title-matches/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> da Evans a NXT Heatwave a ranar 24 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Jeff |date=August 24, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Heatwave live results: Oba Femi vs. Je'Von Evans, three title matches |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-heatwave-live-results-oba-femi-vs-jevon-evans-three-title-matches/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> A NXT No Mercy a ranar 27 ga Satumba, Femi ya sha kashi a gasar NXT Championship a hannun Ricky Saints, inda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa na farko da kwanaki 263, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=September 27, 2025 |title=NXT No Mercy results: Moore's live review of Oba Femi vs. Ricky Saints for the NXT Championship, Jacy Jayne vs. Lola Vice for the NXT Women's Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/09/27/nxt-no-mercy-results-moores-live-review-of-oba-femi-vs-ricky-saints-for-the-nxt-championship-jacy-jayne-vs-lola-vice-for-the-nxt-womens-championship/ |access-date=September 28, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> amma ya sake samun kambun a ranar 6 ga Disamba a ranar NXT . <ref name="NXTDeadline2025">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=December 6, 2025 |title=NXT Deadline results: Moore's live review of Ricky Saints vs. Oba Femi for the NXT Title, Iron Survivor Challenge matches |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/12/06/nxt-deadline-results-moores-live-review-of-ricky-saints-vs-oba-femi-for-the-nxt-title-iron-survivor-challenge-matches/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Domin lashe wasan NXT Deadline, Femi ya yi kokawa da babban wasansa na farko da Undisputed WWE Champion Cody Rhodes a wasan Champion vs. Champion wanda ba shi da kambun a ranar Asabar da dare Main Event XLII a ranar 13 ga Disamba, inda wasan ya ƙare ba tare da wata gasa ba bayan tsangwama daga [[Drew McIntyre]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulla-Heffinger |first=Anthony |date=December 13, 2025 |title=John Cena's last match: Live results, updates, grades and highlights from WWE Saturday Night's Main Event |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/wrestling/breaking-news/live/john-cenas-last-match-live-results-updates-grades-and-highlights-from-wwe-saturday-nights-main-event-060010006.html |access-date=December 14, 2025 |website=[[Yahoo! Sports]] |language=}}</ref> Bayan nasarar kare kambun a kan Leon Slater a <nowiki><i id="mwASo">gasar New Year's Evil</i></nowiki> a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2026, Femi ya bar gasar NXT Championship a cikin zobe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Andrew |date=January 6, 2026 |title=Oba Femi Leaves NXT Championship In The Ring After Retaining At New Year’s Evil |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/oba-femi-leaves-nxt-championship-in-the-ring-after-retaining-at-new-years-evil/ |access-date=January 6, 2026 |website=Fightful}}</ref> Washegari, an bayyana cewa Femi ya bar kambun a hukumance, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa da kwanaki 32. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Currier |first=Joseph |date=January 7, 2026 |title=WWE confirms status of NXT Championship |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/wwe-confirms-status-of-nxt-championship/ |access-date=January 7, 2026 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> ==== Babban jerin sunayen 'yan wasa (2026-yanzu) ==== Bayan barin kambun, a cikin makonni da suka biyo baya, za a nuna hotunan Femi a Raw da SmackDown, amma ba za su shiga kowace alama ba. A Royal Rumble a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2026, Femi ya shiga wasan da aka fi sani da suna a matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar, inda ya kawar da 'yan kokawa biyar kafin Brock Lesnar ya kawar da shi. === Kokawa Mai Tsawo Ba Tare Da Taka Ba (2025) === Bayan Moose ya fafata da Femi a shirin ''NXT'' na ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2025, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Bryan |date=February 18, 2025 |title=Moose appears on WWE NXT, goes face-to-face with Oba Femi |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/moose-appears-on-wwe-nxt-goes-face-to-face-with-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> ya bayyana a shirin Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) a shirin ''Impact!'' na ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, inda ya fafata da The System . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boone |first=Matt |date=February 20, 2025 |title=TNA Impact live results: Joe Hendry concert, Tessa Blanchard in action |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/impact-wrestling/tna-results/tna-impact-live-results-joe-hendry-concert-tessa-blanchard-in-action/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Mako mai zuwa akan ''Impact!,'' Femi da TNA Tag Team Champions The Hardys ( Jeff Hardy da Matt Hardy ) sun sha kashi a hannun The System a wasan da suka yi da mutane shida . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boone |first=Matt |date=February 27, 2025 |title=TNA Impact live results: Oba Femi teams with the Hardys |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/impact-wrestling/tna-results/tna-impact-live-results-oba-femi-teams-with-the-hardys/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> == Gasar cin kofin zakarun da nasarorin da aka samu == [[Fayil:Oba_Femi_081925_(cropped).jpg|thumb|276x276px|Femi tsohon zakaran NXT ne sau biyu .]] * '''''An Zana Kwazon Kokawa na Ƙwararru''''' ** An sanya shi a matsayi na 14 daga cikin manyan 'yan kokawa 500 na ''PWI 500'' a shekarar 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2025 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2025.html |website=profightdb.com}}</ref> * '''WWE''' ** Gasar NXT ( sau 2 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=NXT Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-championship |access-date=January 7, 2025 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** Gasar Cin Kofin Arewacin Amurka ta NXT ( sau 1 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=NXT North American Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-north-american-championship |access-date=January 11, 2024 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta NXT (2023) ** Kalubalen Rage Karfe na Maza ( 2024 ) ** Kyautar Ƙarshen Shekara ta NXT (sau 3) *** Wasan Shekara ( 2024 ) – {{Small|vs. [[Dijak]] and [[Josh Briggs]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2024)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]}} <ref name="NXT12312024">{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=January 1, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Results (12/31): Kelani Jordan vs. Lola Vice, Year End Awards |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-nxt-results-1231-kelani-jordan-vs-lola-vice-year-end-awards/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> *** Fitaccen Jarumin Shekara Na Maza ( 2024 ) <ref name="NXT12312024" /> *** Wasan Shekara ( 2025 ) – <small>da Je'Von Evans da Trick Williams</small> <small>a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver <ref name="NXT12/30">{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=John |date=December 30, 2025 |title=WWE NXT 12/30 Results: Year-End Award Winners, Ricky Saints pins Je'Von Evans |url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=127550 |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=[[POST Wrestling]] |language=}}</ref></small> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ecxsiqhh96zyjbem8yabrf86ufxhipc 839361 839360 2026-05-23T15:27:47Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ m 839361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Isaac Odugbesan''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1998) ƙwararren ɗan kokawa ne na Najeriya kuma tsohon ɗan wasan harbi . Ya shiga WWE, inda yake yin wasa a ƙarƙashin sunan ƙungiyar '''Oba Femi''' . Tsohon zakaran NXT ne sau biyu, kuma tsohon zakaran NXT na Arewacin Amurka mai ci a karo na farko kuma mafi daɗewa. An haifi Odugbesan a Legas, kuma ya fafata a tseren gudu a lokacin makarantar sakandare da kwaleji. Bayan ya sanya hannu da WWE a shekarar 2021 ta hanyar shirin NIL, Odugbesan ya lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta NXT ta 2023 da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta Iron Survivor ta 2024 . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Isaac Odugbesan a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1998, <ref> name="NIL">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=WWE unveils inaugural NIL class |url=https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=April 22, 2025 |title=NXT in Las Vegas (reports needed), Dark Side of the Ring, last week's NXT TV grade, Ezekiel Jackson, Chuck Taylor, Oba Femi |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/22/nxt-in-las-vegas-reports-needed-dark-side-of-the-ring-last-weeks-nxt-tv-grade-ezekiel-jackson-chuck-taylor-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> ɗan Maria da Niyi Odugbesan. <ref> name="Alabama">{{Cite web |title=Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country |url=https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Athletics]]}}</ref> Ya kasance mai sha'awar kokawa ta ƙwararru tun yana ɗan shekara shida, inda Triple H da [[The Undertaker]] suka zama fitattun 'yan kokawa da ya fi so. <ref> name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}</ref> <ref> name="Athletic">{{Cite web |last=Vannini |first=Chris |date=July 12, 2025 |title=Oba Femi, All-America shot putter turned WWE rising star, has the NCAA's NIL era to thank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6488400/2025/07/12/oba-femi-wwe-ncaa-nil-shot-put |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> == Aikin tsere da filin wasa == Odugbesan ya halarci [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], inda ya karanci zane-zane na studio sannan ya lashe lambobin yabo goma a gasar wasannin jami'o'in Najeriya a lokacin kakarsa ta farko a shekarar 2016. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=July 10, 2024 |title=From shot put champion to the WWE: the journey of Oba Femi |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/115048/top-stories/from-shot-put-champion-to-the-wwe-the-journey-of-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}</ref> A kaka ta 2017, ya koma Amurka don halartar Jami'ar Jihar Middle Tennessee bisa tallafin karatu na tuki da gudu, inda aka nada shi a matsayin Sabon Shekara na Taron Amurka na Maza kuma wanda aka zaba a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa a cikin 'yan wasa a waje. <ref name="Athletic">{{Cite web |last=Vannini |first=Chris |date=July 12, 2025 |title=Oba Femi, All-America shot putter turned WWE rising star, has the NCAA's NIL era to thank |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6488400/2025/07/12/oba-femi-wwe-ncaa-nil-shot-put |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVannini2025">Vannini, Chris (July 12, 2025). </cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanton |first=Edwin |date=March 12, 2021 |title=Big Alabama Track Athlete also has a Deft Hand with a Paint Brush |url=https://www.si.com/college/alabama/bamacentral/big-alabama-track-athlete-also-has-a-deft-hand-with-a-paint-brush |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> Odugbesan ya koma Jami'ar Alabama a 2019, <ref name="Alabama">{{Cite web |title=Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country |url=https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Alabama Crimson Tide football|Alabama Athletics]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://rolltide.com/sports/xctrack/roster/isaac-odugbesan/7577 "Isaac Odugbesan - Track & Field, Cross Country"]. </cite></ref> inda ya lashe gasar harbi a gasar SEC ta cikin gida a gasar tsere da gudu a 2021 da 2022, kuma ya lashe gasar tsere a waje a shekarar da ta gabata. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> Ya kammala karatunsa a watan Mayu na 2022 da digiri a [[Zane-zane na gani|fannin zane-zane]] . <ref name="Herald">{{Cite web |last=Varsallone |first=Jim |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Interviews with WWE's LA Knight, NXT's Oba Femi, MLW's AJ Francis, WOW's Genesis. Plus CCW 20 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/fighting/article286701330.html |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Miami Herald]]}}</ref> == Aikin kokawa na ƙwararru == === WWE (2021–yanzu) === ==== NXT (2021–2026) ==== A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2021, Odugbesan ya rattaba hannu da WWE a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon shirinsa na Next In Line don haɓaka 'yan wasan kwaleji zuwa masu kokawa na WWE. <ref name="NIL">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=WWE unveils inaugural NIL class |url=https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211208140748/https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-unveils-inaugural-nil-class "WWE unveils inaugural NIL class"]. </cite></ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya fara horo a Cibiyar Ayyukan WWE . <ref name="Herald">{{Cite web |last=Varsallone |first=Jim |date=March 27, 2024 |title=Interviews with WWE's LA Knight, NXT's Oba Femi, MLW's AJ Francis, WOW's Genesis. Plus CCW 20 |url=https://www.miamiherald.com/sports/fighting/article286701330.html |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Miami Herald]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVarsallone2024">Varsallone, Jim (March 27, 2024). </cite></ref> Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a cikin shirin NXT kai tsaye a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2022, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Channing "Stacks" Lorenzo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=November 12, 2022 |title=NXT Live Event Results From Dade City, FL (11/11): Bron Breakker Teams With Wes Lee And Odyssey Jones |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/nxt-live-event-results-dade-city-fl-1111-bron-breakker-teams-wes-lee-and-odyssey-jones/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin sunan zoben '''Oba Femi''', ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kan allo a shirin ''NXT Level Up'' na ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, inda ya sha kashi a hannun Dante Chen . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chik |first=Jon |date=November 18, 2022 |title=NXT Level Up results: Nov. 18, 2022 |url=https://www.wwe.com/shows/nxt-level-up/article/nxt-level-up-results-nov-18-2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119055835/https://www.wwe.com/shows/nxt-level-up/article/nxt-level-up-results-nov-18-2022 |archive-date=November 19, 2022 |access-date=January 2, 2024 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> A wasansa na farko na NXT, Femi ya doke Oro Mensah a <nowiki><i id="mwjg">Spring Breakin</i></nowiki> ' a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aiken |first=Chris |date=April 25, 2023 |title=WWE NXT Spring Breakin' live results: Carmelo Hayes vs. Grayson Waller |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/wwe-nxt-spring-breakin-live-results-carmelo-hayes-vs-grayson-waller/ |access-date=April 26, 2023 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Bayan dakatar da kallon talabijin, ya lashe Gasar NXT Breakout ta Maza ta 2023 ta hanyar kayar da Riley Osborne a wasan karshe a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2024, a <nowiki><i id="mwlg">NXT</i></nowiki> : Mugun Sabuwar Shekara, inda ya sami kwangilar samun damar lashe gasar saboda taken da ya zaba. <ref name="Breakout">{{Cite web |last=Mason |first=Matthew |date=January 3, 2024 |title=Former Alabama track and field star wins WWE NXT Breakout Tournament |url=https://thecrimsonwhite.com/112372/sports/former-alabama-track-and-field-star-wins-wwe-nxt-breakout-tournament/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[The Crimson White]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMason2024">Mason, Matthew (January 3, 2024). </cite></ref> A mako mai zuwa a <nowiki><i id="mwnQ">NXT</i></nowiki>, Femi ya yi amfani da kwangilarsa ta Breakout Tournament ya kuma doke Dragon Lee don lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Arewacin Amurka ta NXT, inda ya zama ɗan wasan farko da ya kammala shirin Next In Line (NIL) da ya lashe gasar WWE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=January 9, 2024 |title=NXT TV results (1/9): Moore's review of Tony D'Angelo and Channing Lorenzo vs. OTM for the NXT Tag Titles, Gigi Dolin vs. Cora Jade, the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic tournament begins |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/01/09/nxt-tv-results-1-9-moores-review-of-tony-dangelo-and-channing-lorenzo-vs-otm-for-the-nxt-tag-titles-gigi-dolin-vs-cora-jade-the-dusty-rhodes-tag-team-classic-tournament-begins/ |access-date=January 9, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Femi zai ci gaba da riƙe kambun a kan Lee a Ranar Zaɓe ta NXT a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=February 4, 2024 |title=NXT Vengeance Day results: Moore's live review of Ilja Dragunov vs. Trick Williams for the NXT Title, Lyra Valkyria vs. Roxanne Perez for the NXT Women's Title, Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic finals |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/02/04/nxt-vengeance-day-results-moores-live-review-of-ilja-dragunov-vs-trick-williams-for-the-nxt-title-lyra-valkyria-vs-roxanne-perez-for-the-nxt-womens-title-dusty-rhodes-tag-team-classic-finals/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Dijak da Josh Briggs a wasan barazana uku a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=April 6, 2024 |title=NXT Stand & Deliver results: Moore's live review of Trick Williams vs. Carmelo Hayes, Ilja Dragunov vs. Tony D'Angelo for the NXT Title, Lyra Valkyria vs. Roxanne Perez for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/04/06/nxt-stand-deliver-results-moores-live-review-of-trick-williams-vs-carmelo-hayes-ilja-dragunov-vs-tony-dangelo-for-the-nxt-title-lyra-valkyria-vs-roxanne-perez-for-the-nxt-womens-title/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Wes Lee a wasan barazana uku (wanda kuma ya haɗa da Joe Coffey ) a NXT Battleground a ranar 25 ga Mayu da kuma wasan damar ƙarshe a NXT Heatwave a ranar 7 ga Yuli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michaels |first=Corey |date=June 9, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Battleground live results: Ethan Page & Jordynne Grace challenge for championships |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-battleground-live-results-trick-williams-vs-ethan-page-roxanne-perez-vs-jordynne-grace/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=July 7, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Heatwave live results: Fatal four-way title match |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-heatwave-live-results-fatal-four-way-title-match/ |access-date=July 7, 2024 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> da Tony D'Angelo a NXT No Mercy a ranar 1 ga Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=September 1, 2024 |title=NXT No Mercy results: Moore's live review of Ethan Page vs. Joe Hendry for the NXT Championship with Trick Williams as special referee, Roxanne Perez vs. Jaida Parker for the NXT Women's Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/09/01/nxt-no-mercy-results-moores-live-review-of-ethan-page-vs-joe-hendry-for-the-nxt-championship-with-trick-williams-as-special-referee-roxanne-perez-vs-jaida-parker-for-the-nxt-womens-championshi/ |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, Femi ya zarce mulkin Wes Lee na kwanaki 269, don haka ya zama Zakaran NXT North American mafi daɗewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=October 5, 2024 |title=Oba Femi Becomes Longest Reigning NXT North American Champion |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/oba-femi-becomes-longest-reigning-nxt-north-american-champion/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> A mako na 2 na wasan farko na <nowiki><i id="mwyQ">NXT</i></nowiki> na CW a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, Femi ya rasa kambun a hannun D'Angelo, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa a cikin kwanaki 273 da suka gabata kuma ya sha kashi a karon farko a 2024 bayan ya yi nasara a wasanni 30 a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Renner |first=Ethan |date=October 8, 2024 |title=New North American Champion crowned on WWE NXT |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/new-north-american-champion-crowned-on-wwe-nxt/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]] |quote=Femi’s first North American title reign ends at 273 days, plus D’Angelo handed Femi his first loss of 2024 in the title bout. Femi had been 30-0 across all matches in NXT this year.}}</ref> Ya kasa sake samun kambun daga D'Angelo a wasan Tables, Ladders and Scares a ranar 27 ga Oktoba a NXT Halloween Havoc, bayan da dangin D'Angelo suka yi masa katsalandan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=October 27, 2024 |title=WWE NXT Halloween Havoc live results: Trick Williams vs. Ethan Page |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-halloween-havoc-live-results-trick-williams-vs-ethan-page-devils-playground-match/ |access-date=October 28, 2024 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Bayan ɗan gajeren hutu, Femi ya dawo a ranar ƙarshe ta NXT a ranar 9 ga Disamba, inda ya shiga wasan Iron Survivor Challenge a maimakon Eddy Thorpe da ya ji rauni kuma ya yi nasara, inda ya sami nasarar buga wasan NXT Championship da Trick Williams a <nowiki><i id="mw4g">NXT</i></nowiki> : Sabuwar Shekarar Mugunta a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 2025, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Jason |date=December 7, 2024 |title=NXT Deadline results: Powell's live review of Trick Williams vs. Ridge Holland for the NXT Title, Iron Survivor Challenge matches, Jaida Parker vs. Lola Vice in an NXT Underground match |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2024/12/07/nxt-deadline-results-moores-live-review-of-trick-williams-vs-ridge-holland-for-the-nxt-title-iron-survivor-challenge-matches-jaida-parker-vs-lola-vice-in-an-nxt-underground-match/ |access-date=December 8, 2024 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> inda ya doke Williams a wasan barazana uku wanda ya haɗa da Thorpe don lashe gasar, inda ya zama ɗan wasan farko da ya kammala karatun digiri na NIL da ya lashe babban gasar WWE. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=January 7, 2025 |title=NXT TV results (1/7): Moore's review of The Rock's appearance, Trick Williams vs. Oba Femi vs. Eddy Thorpe for the NXT Title, Roxanne Perez vs. Giulia for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/01/07/nxt-tv-results-1-7-moores-review-of-the-rocks-appearance-trick-williams-vs-oba-femi-vs-eddy-thorpe-for-the-nxt-title-roxanne-perez-vs-giulia-for-the-nxt-womens-title/ |access-date=January 8, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ucchino |first=Rick |date=January 14, 2025 |title=Exclusive: Oba Femi Paves The Way For Future WWE NIL Prospects |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/wrestling/features/oba-femi-paves-the-way-for-future-wwe-nil-prospects-exclusive |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> Ya yi nasarar kare kambun a kan Austin Theory da Grayson Waller a wasan barazana uku a ranar NXT Vengeance Day a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quill |first=Marc |date=February 15, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Vengeance Day live results: Four title defenses highlight six-match card |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-vengeance-day-live-results-four-title-defenses-highlight-six-match-card/ |access-date=February 18, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> A NXT Roadblock a ranar 11 ga Maris, Femi ya doke TNA X Division Champion Moose don riƙe kambun. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=March 11, 2025 |title=NXT TV results (3/11): Moore's review of Giulia vs. Stephanie Vaquer in a title vs. title match, Oba Femi vs. Moose for the NXT Title, The Hardys vs. Nathan Frazer and Axiom for the TNA Tag Team Titles |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/03/11/nxt-tv-results-3-11-moores-review-of-giulia-vs-stephanie-vaquer-in-a-title-vs-title-match-oba-femi-vs-moose-for-the-nxt-title-the-hardys-vs-nathan-frazer-and-axiom-for-the-tna-tag-team-titl/ |access-date=March 11, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> A cikin watanni masu zuwa, ya yi nasarar kare kambun a kan Williams da Je'Von Evans a cikin barazanar uku a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=April 19, 2025 |title=NXT Stand & Deliver results: Moore's live review of Oba Femi vs. Trick Williams vs. Je'Von Evans for the NXT Title, Stephanie Vaquer vs. Giulia vs. Jordynne Grace vs. Jaida Parker for the NXT Women's Title |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/04/19/nxt-stand-deliver-results-moores-live-review-of-oba-femi-vs-trick-williams-vs-jevon-evans-for-the-nxt-title-stephanie-vaquer-vs-giulia-vs-jordynne-grace-vs-jaida-parker-for-the-nxt-w/ |access-date=April 20, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Myles Borne a NXT Battleground a ranar 25 ga Mayu, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=May 25, 2025 |title=NXT Battleground results: Moore's live review of Stephanie Vaquer vs. Jordynne Grace for the NXT Women's Championship, Joe Hendry vs. Trick Williams for the TNA World Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/05/25/nxt-battleground-results-moores-live-review-of-stephanie-vaquer-vs-jordynne-grace-for-the-nxt-womens-championship-joe-hendry-vs-trick-williams-for-the-tna-world-championship/ |access-date=May 25, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Yoshiki Inamura a NXT The Great American Bash a ranar 12 ga Yuli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Jeff |date=July 12, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Great American Bash live results: Three title matches |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-great-american-bash-live-results-three-title-matches/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> da Evans a NXT Heatwave a ranar 24 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Jeff |date=August 24, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Heatwave live results: Oba Femi vs. Je'Von Evans, three title matches |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/nxt-results/wwe-nxt-heatwave-live-results-oba-femi-vs-jevon-evans-three-title-matches/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> A NXT No Mercy a ranar 27 ga Satumba, Femi ya sha kashi a gasar NXT Championship a hannun Ricky Saints, inda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa na farko da kwanaki 263, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=September 27, 2025 |title=NXT No Mercy results: Moore's live review of Oba Femi vs. Ricky Saints for the NXT Championship, Jacy Jayne vs. Lola Vice for the NXT Women's Championship |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/09/27/nxt-no-mercy-results-moores-live-review-of-oba-femi-vs-ricky-saints-for-the-nxt-championship-jacy-jayne-vs-lola-vice-for-the-nxt-womens-championship/ |access-date=September 28, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> amma ya sake samun kambun a ranar 6 ga Disamba a ranar NXT . <ref name="NXTDeadline2025">{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=John |date=December 6, 2025 |title=NXT Deadline results: Moore's live review of Ricky Saints vs. Oba Femi for the NXT Title, Iron Survivor Challenge matches |url=https://prowrestling.net/site/2025/12/06/nxt-deadline-results-moores-live-review-of-ricky-saints-vs-oba-femi-for-the-nxt-title-iron-survivor-challenge-matches/ |access-date=December 6, 2025 |website=Pro Wrestling Dot Net}}</ref> Domin lashe wasan NXT Deadline, Femi ya yi kokawa da babban wasansa na farko da Undisputed WWE Champion Cody Rhodes a wasan Champion vs. Champion wanda ba shi da kambun a ranar Asabar da dare Main Event XLII a ranar 13 ga Disamba, inda wasan ya ƙare ba tare da wata gasa ba bayan tsangwama daga [[Drew McIntyre]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulla-Heffinger |first=Anthony |date=December 13, 2025 |title=John Cena's last match: Live results, updates, grades and highlights from WWE Saturday Night's Main Event |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/wrestling/breaking-news/live/john-cenas-last-match-live-results-updates-grades-and-highlights-from-wwe-saturday-nights-main-event-060010006.html |access-date=December 14, 2025 |website=[[Yahoo! Sports]] |language=}}</ref> Bayan nasarar kare kambun a kan Leon Slater a <nowiki><i id="mwASo">gasar New Year's Evil</i></nowiki> a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2026, Femi ya bar gasar NXT Championship a cikin zobe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Andrew |date=January 6, 2026 |title=Oba Femi Leaves NXT Championship In The Ring After Retaining At New Year’s Evil |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/oba-femi-leaves-nxt-championship-in-the-ring-after-retaining-at-new-years-evil/ |access-date=January 6, 2026 |website=Fightful}}</ref> Washegari, an bayyana cewa Femi ya bar kambun a hukumance, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkinsa da kwanaki 32. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Currier |first=Joseph |date=January 7, 2026 |title=WWE confirms status of NXT Championship |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/wwe-confirms-status-of-nxt-championship/ |access-date=January 7, 2026 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> ==== Babban jerin sunayen 'yan wasa (2026-yanzu) ==== Bayan barin kambun, a cikin makonni da suka biyo baya, za a nuna hotunan Femi a Raw da SmackDown, amma ba za su shiga kowace alama ba. A Royal Rumble a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2026, Femi ya shiga wasan da aka fi sani da suna a matsayin wanda ya fara shiga gasar, inda ya kawar da 'yan kokawa biyar kafin Brock Lesnar ya kawar da shi. === Kokawa Mai Tsawo Ba Tare Da Taka Ba (2025) === Bayan Moose ya fafata da Femi a shirin ''NXT'' na ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2025, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Bryan |date=February 18, 2025 |title=Moose appears on WWE NXT, goes face-to-face with Oba Femi |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/nxt/moose-appears-on-wwe-nxt-goes-face-to-face-with-oba-femi/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> ya bayyana a shirin Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) a shirin ''Impact!'' na ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, inda ya fafata da The System . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boone |first=Matt |date=February 20, 2025 |title=TNA Impact live results: Joe Hendry concert, Tessa Blanchard in action |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/impact-wrestling/tna-results/tna-impact-live-results-joe-hendry-concert-tessa-blanchard-in-action/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> Mako mai zuwa akan ''Impact!,'' Femi da TNA Tag Team Champions The Hardys ( Jeff Hardy da Matt Hardy ) sun sha kashi a hannun The System a wasan da suka yi da mutane shida . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boone |first=Matt |date=February 27, 2025 |title=TNA Impact live results: Oba Femi teams with the Hardys |url=https://www.f4wonline.com/news/impact-wrestling/tna-results/tna-impact-live-results-oba-femi-teams-with-the-hardys/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=[[Wrestling Observer Newsletter]]}}</ref> == Gasar cin kofin zakarun da nasarorin da aka samu == [[Fayil:Oba_Femi_081925_(cropped).jpg|thumb|276x276px|Femi tsohon zakaran NXT ne sau biyu .]] * '''''An Zana Kwazon Kokawa na Ƙwararru''''' ** An sanya shi a matsayi na 14 daga cikin manyan 'yan kokawa 500 na ''PWI 500'' a shekarar 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Wrestling Illustrated (PWI) 500 for 2025 |url=http://www.profightdb.com/pwi-500/2025.html |website=profightdb.com}}</ref> * '''WWE''' ** Gasar NXT ( sau 2 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=NXT Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-championship |access-date=January 7, 2025 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** Gasar Cin Kofin Arewacin Amurka ta NXT ( sau 1 ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=NXT North American Championship |url=https://www.wwe.com/titlehistory/nxt-north-american-championship |access-date=January 11, 2024 |publisher=[[WWE]]}}</ref> ** Gasar Cin Kofin Maza ta NXT (2023) ** Kalubalen Rage Karfe na Maza ( 2024 ) ** Kyautar Ƙarshen Shekara ta NXT (sau 3) *** Wasan Shekara ( 2024 ) – {{Small|vs. [[Dijak]] and [[Josh Briggs]] at [[NXT Stand & Deliver (2024)|NXT Stand & Deliver]]}} <ref name="NXT12312024">{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Jeremy |date=January 1, 2025 |title=WWE NXT Results (12/31): Kelani Jordan vs. Lola Vice, Year End Awards |url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/wwe-nxt-results-1231-kelani-jordan-vs-lola-vice-year-end-awards/ |access-date=October 4, 2025 |website=Fightful}}</ref> *** Fitaccen Jarumin Shekara Na Maza ( 2024 ) <ref name="NXT12312024" /> *** Wasan Shekara ( 2025 ) – <small>da Je'Von Evans da Trick Williams</small> <small>a NXT Stand &amp;amp; Deliver <ref name="NXT12/30">{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=John |date=December 30, 2025 |title=WWE NXT 12/30 Results: Year-End Award Winners, Ricky Saints pins Je'Von Evans |url=https://www.postwrestling.com/?p=127550 |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=[[POST Wrestling]] |language=}}</ref></small> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] 0ul64ugu4qmeb8ezc2pwgl76pjtcnlc 0 142289 839539 833361 2026-05-24T00:37:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dr. Cornelia De Bey''' (26 ga Mayu, 1865 - 3 ga Afrilu, 1948) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scout |date= |title=Dr. Cornelia DeBey |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/49817786/cornelia-debey |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Find A Grave}}</ref> ta kasance mai gyara a zamanin Progressive Era, likitan homeopathic, shugabar [[Chicago Public Schools|makarantar gwamnati ta Chicago]], mai fafutukar kare hakkin ma'aikata, kuma shugabar ƙungiyar [[Zaɓen Mata|mata ta neman 'yancin zaɓe]] . Ta yi aiki tare da sanannen al'ummar Hull House ta masu gyara zamantakewa, ciki har da Jane Addams, Julia Lathrop, Alice De Wolf Kellogg, da Ellen Gates Starr . Ta yi kira ga gyaran manyan makarantu, fallasa cin hanci da rashawa, da ƙara yin shawarwari kan dimokuraɗiyya, da kuma kare haɗin kan malamai. <ref name="Sue Young">{{Cite web |title=Cornelia De Bey 1860 – 1948 |url=http://sueyounghistories.com/archives/2008/02/19/2162/ |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Sue Young Histories: Biographies of Homeopaths}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Cornelia De Bey Reveals Her Views about the Influence of Women |url=http://flps.newberry.org/article/5420781_1_0348 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907074632/http://flps.newberry.org/article/5420781_1_0348 |archive-date=2014-09-07 |access-date=2014-09-04}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Cornelia De Bey, Chicago, Prominent Chicago Doctor, member Committee on Arrangements for Woman's Party Convention, Chicago, June 5, 6, 7. |url=https://www.loc.gov/itrm/mnwp000087 |access-date=2014-09-04 |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi De Bey a garin Groningen da ke tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙasar Holland. Mahaifinta, Dr. Bernardus B. De Bey, ya kasance limami kuma farfesa a [[Jami'ar Groningen]] . <ref name="Chicago Teachers">{{Cite journal |date=September 16, 1904 |title=Dr. Cornelia B. De Bey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EZUxprIIdOsC&dq=dr+cornelia+de+bey&pg=RA30-PA4 |journal=Chicago Teachers' Federation Bulletin |volume=3 |issue=31 |page=5 |access-date=14 February 2019}}</ref> A shekara ta 1868, lokacin da Cornelia ke da shekaru uku, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Chicago, Illinois, domin Bernardus ya zama limamin cocin First Reformed Church of Chicago, wata ikilisiyar Dutch. <ref name="Chicago Teachers" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=8 January 2013 |title=W88-0025.30. De Bey (De Beij), Bernardus (1816-1894). Papers, 1866-2001. |url=https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/collection_registers/467/ |journal=Collection Registers and Abstracts |access-date=14 February 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> De Bey ta ci gaba da zama a Chicago har tsawon rayuwarta, tana nutsar da kanta cikin siyasar Zamanin Ci Gaba a Chicago. De Bey ta sami iliminta a Makarantar Koyon Aiki ta Cook County, wata makarantar horar da malamai a Illinois wadda ke da alhakin horar da malaman Chicago. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cook_County_Normal |url=http://histofneiu.tripod.com/Cook%20County_Normal.htm |access-date=2019-02-14 |website=histofneiu.tripod.com |archive-date=2019-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215050847/http://histofneiu.tripod.com/Cook%20County_Normal.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga nan ta ci gaba da karatun digirinta na likitanci a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Hahnemannian da ke Chicago. Bayan kammala karatunta a shekarar 1895, ta fara aiki tare da Jane Addams a Hull House, wani gidan zama a Chicago wanda ke kula da mutane da unguwannin Chicago da yawa. <ref name="Sue Young"/> == Aikin gyara da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ma'aikata ta Mata (WTUL) == [[Fayil:Dr._Cornelia_De_Bey.jpg|left|thumb|Dr. Cornelia De Bey]] De Bey ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Settlement House Movement, wata ƙungiyar gyara da ta ba da fifiko ga mata a cikin gyare-gyaren Zamani na Ci Gaba. Mata da ke aiki a ƙungiyar settlement a Amurka sun mayar da hankali kan ilimi, tsafta da wayar da kan iyaye mata masu aiki a Amurka. Mata da yawa suna koyar da ɗaliban da suka ƙaura azuzuwan ilimin manya. De Bey ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), ƙungiyar gyara da mata masu ci gaba suka jagoranta ciki har da Jane Addams. Wannan ƙungiya tana da ƙarfi wajen kare haƙƙin mata, kuma tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Settlement House Movement. WTUL ta yi aiki don kafa sa'o'i takwas na aiki da mafi ƙarancin albashi, da kuma soke aikin yara. [1] Shugabanni da membobi sun goyi bayan ma'aikatan masana'antar tufafi mata a lokacin yajin aikin masana'antar tufafi tsakanin 1910 da 1911. [1] De Bey da sauran membobi na ƙungiyar Settlement House sun shiga cikin ƙungiyar WTUL da sauran ƙungiyoyin Reform na Zamani na Ci Gaba saboda mata ne masu ilimi na matsakaici da na sama, kuma suna jin alhakin taimaka wa wasu waɗanda ba su da sa'a fiye da su == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3dc9n67sg2cq5i4mx8te0rhodhg5qc4 0 142360 839586 801223 2026-05-24T06:33:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Debbie Schneider''' mai tsara ayyukan kwadago ce wadda ta yi aiki da ƙungiyoyi da dama, ciki har da 9 zuwa 5, Ma'aikatan Ofis na Mata, da kuma Ma'aikatan Lafiya na United. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Gundumar 925 ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Duniya (SEIU) kuma memba ce a kwamitin zartarwa na SEIU. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == Mahaifiyar Schneider malamar Turanci ce ta makarantar sakandare, kuma mahaifinta lauya ne na haraji na kamfani. Mahaifiyarta ta kasance ɓangare na ƙungiyar ma'aikata kuma ta rinjayi tunanin Schneider da ra'ayoyinsa kan fafutuka. Bayan mahaifiyarta ta yi tasiri a kan Schneider, ta tafi kwaleji zuwa babban fannin Adabi wanda daga baya ya zaburar da ita ta shiga aikin jarida. Bayan kammala karatunta na kwaleji, ta zama ma'aikaciyar malamar makaranta a kamfanin Cahner's Publishing, inda ta tattara sakamakon binciken kasuwa. [1] Daga baya ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan Ma'aikatan Ofishin Mata da ke New York. [2] Schneider ɗaliba ce ta kwaleji tana aiki a wata mujalla lokacin da ta fara jin labarin 9 zuwa 5, kuma ta halarci taronta na farko na 9 zuwa 5 a 1978. [3] Da farko ƙungiyar ma'aikatan ofis a Boston ce ta fara wannan motsi na 9 zuwa 5, musamman Karen Nussbaum da Ellen Cassedy, a matsayin hanyar tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi aiki waɗanda suka tattara mata daga fannoni daban-daban don mayar da hankali kan inganta yanayin wurin aiki. [3] [4] [5] Matsayin Schneider a cikin 9to5 yana ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da aka gabatar a cikin fim ɗin shirin gaskiya na 2020 mai suna 9to5: Labarin Motsi . [6] A shekarar 1993, lokacin da Nussbaum ta tafi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kwadago a matsayin shugabar Ofishin Mata Masu Aiki, Schneider ya zama shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin gundumar 925. [7] [8] A shekarar 1995, an naɗa Schneider a matsayin shugabar Gundumar 925 ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Flynn |first=Terry |date=July 9, 1993 |title=Service-employees union leader becomes president of District 925 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-service-employee/124599817/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=The Cincinnati Enquirer; Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> daga baya kuma aka zaɓe ta a kwamitin zartarwa na SEIU. A watan Yunin 2001, an naɗa Schneider a matsayin amintaccen SEIU, kuma an naɗa ta ta zama amintaccen Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Duniya, Local 585, a ƙarshen 2001. A shekarar 2004, Schneider ta kasance shugabar haɗin gwiwar duniya a cikin SEIU. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenberg |first=Alyssa |date=October 6, 2007 |title=Blue Collars Turning Green |journal=National Journal |volume=39 |issue=39 |pages=03604217 |via=Gale}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Debbie Schneider; Transcript (1 Pdf), Nov. 3, 2005 {{!}} ArchivesSpace@Wayne |url=https://archives.wayne.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/784428 |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=archives.wayne.edu |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329182953/https://archives.wayne.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/784428 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka == Schneider ta fi shahara da aikinta da ma'aikatan limamai a Jami'ar Cincinnati . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Crockett |first=Kimberley |date=June 25, 1986 |title=70% of UC employees say job situation is OK |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-70-of-uc-employ/124635459/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=The Cincinnati Enquirer; Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 6, 1985 |title=Union petitions for UC election |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-union-petitions/124599543/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=The Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> Ƙungiyar da Schneider, Gundumar 925 ke jagoranta, ta rasa ƙuri'arta ta farko don shiga ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 1986 da ƙuri'u 29, <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 1986 |title=Workers at UC turn down union |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-workers-at-uc-tu/124698259/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=The Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> amma ƙuri'a ta biyu a 1988 ta wuce, wanda ya kai ga nasarar kafa ƙungiyar ma'aikatan Jami'ar Cincinnati. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 1988 |title=Clerical union voted in at UC |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-clerical-union-v/124698672/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=The Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> A lokacin taron da aka yi a Jami'ar Cincinnati, Schneider ya shirya yajin aikin inda membobin ƙungiyar suka bar aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Nick |date=October 19, 1989 |title=Sides differ on UC strike impact |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-post-sides-differ-on-uc-s/124635521/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=The Cincinnati Post; Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hopkins |first=John |date=September 23, 1998 |title=Contract talks hit a snag at UC |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-contract-talks-h/124635669/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=The Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> Zuwa shekarar 1990, jami'ar ta zauna da ma'aikatan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burgins |first=Scott |date=September 4, 1990 |title=Workers enjoy Labor Day respite |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-workers-enjoy-la/124635375/ |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=The Cincinnati Enquirer; Cincinnati, Ohio}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ef6riyz0q92lf5ya3t69vap7ndsfnqc 0 142645 839337 802060 2026-05-23T13:40:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Carol R. Hughes''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1958) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Kanada, wadda ta wakilci gundumar zaɓe ta Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing a Majalisar Wakilai ta Kanada daga 2008 zuwa 2025. Ita mamba ce a Jam'iyyar New Democratic Party . Kafin a zaɓe ta, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin ma'aikata na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Kanada . Ta tsaya takarar ɗan takarar jam'iyyar NDP a zaɓen 2004 da kuma zaɓen 2006, inda ta sha kaye a hannun Brent St. Denis, mai ci a yanzu, a duk lokacin. Ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa ba za ta tsaya takara a zaben 2008 ba, amma ta canza ra'ayinta bayan ta tsaya a Blind River don cin abincin dare a kan hanyarta ta komawa gida daga taron jam'iyyar Labour ta Kanada, kuma wasu ma'aurata da ba ta taɓa haɗuwa da su ba suka tunkare ta suka ƙarfafa ta ta sake tsayawa takara. [1] Ta lashe zaɓen, inda ta kayar da St. Denis, kuma aka sake zaɓenta a zaɓen 2011. [2] Hughes ya goyi bayan Niki Ashton a zaɓen shugabancin NDP na 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2012 |title=Northern Ontario MP Carol Hughes Endorses Ashton for Leader |url=http://www.local2.ca/ssm/viewarticle.php?id=4361 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804153316/http://www.local2.ca/ssm/viewarticle.php?id=4361 |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |website=Local 2 News}}</ref> da Charlie Angus a zaɓen shugabanni na 2017 . An nada Hughes a matsayin Mataimakiyar Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisa kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kwamitoci na Gabaɗaya a karo na biyu; ta taɓa riƙe wannan muƙamin a Majalisar Dokoki ta 42. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speaker of the House of Commons - Carol Hughes |url=https://www.ourcommons.ca/speaker/en/presiding-officers/presiding-officer/2 |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=www.ourcommons.ca}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2024 ta sanar da cewa ba za ta sake tsayawa takara a zaben tarayya na 45 a Kanada ba . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Mike |date=2024-04-04 |title=Rachel Blaney Will Not Run in Next Federal Election |url=https://www.mycowichanvalleynow.com/81970/featured/rachel-blaney-will-not-run-in-next-federal-election/ |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=My Cowichan Valley Now |language=en-CA |archive-date=2024-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404165309/https://www.mycowichanvalleynow.com/81970/featured/rachel-blaney-will-not-run-in-next-federal-election/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] edsoxh9y99bu330imp09eg014mwjczb 0 142918 839645 826387 2026-05-24T11:51:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''María de los Dolores Asúnsolo y López Negrete''' (3 ga Agusta 1904 - 11 Afrilu 1983), wanda aka sani da sana'a da '''Dolores del Río''' ( ), 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Mexico. Tare da aikinta na tsawon shekaru sama da 50, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin babbar jarumar Latin Amurka ta farko a Hollywood . [ 3 ] <ref name="filmint.nu">{{Cite web |last=Mulcahey |first=Martin |date=29 December 2011 |title=The First Latina to Conquer Hollywood |url=http://filmint.nu/the-first-latina-to-conquer-hollywood/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625190902/http://filmint.nu/?p=3797 |archive-date=25 June 2014 |access-date=19 July 2016 |website=[[Film International]]}}</ref> <ref name="tcm.com" /> Tare da sana'ar da ta yi a fina-finan Amurka a shekarun 1920 da 1930, an kuma ɗauke ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun jarumai mata a Zamanin Zinare na sinima na Mexico, [ 7 ] kuma ɗaya daga cikin jarumai mafi kyau a zamaninta. <ref name="tcm.com">{{Cite web |title=Dolores Del Rio |url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/47807%7C39240/Dolores-Del-Rio/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726184650/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/47807%7C39240/Dolores-Del-Rio |archive-date=2015-07-26 |website=Turner Classic Movies}}</ref> Bayan an gano ta a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]], ta fara aikin fim a Hollywood a shekarar 1925. Ta taka rawa a jerin fina-finai masu nasara, ciki har da ''Resurrection'' (1927), ''Ramona'' (1928) da ''Evangeline'' (1929). An yi la'akari da Del Río a matsayin wani nau'in mata na Rudolph Valentino, ' Masoyiyar Latin', [ 8 ] [ 9 ] a shekarunta a lokacin zaman shiru na Amurka. Da zuwan sauti, ta yi wasa a nau'ikan fina-finai daban-daban, tun daga wasannin kwaikwayo na laifuka na zamani zuwa barkwanci na kiɗa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya . Fina-finanta mafi nasara a wannan shekarun sun hada da ''Bird of Paradise'' (1932), ''Flying Down to Rio'' (1933) da ''Madame Du Barry'' (1934). A farkon shekarun 1940, lokacin da aikinta na Hollywood ya fara raguwa, Del Río ta koma Mexico ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta Mexico, wacce a wancan lokacin take kan gaba, a lokacin.<bdi> Zamanin Zinare na Cinema na Mexico</bdi> . Lokacin da Del Río ta koma ƙasarta ta asali, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin taurari mafi mahimmanci a Zamanin Zinare na sinima na Mexico . <ref name="The Golden Age Of Mexican Cinema: A Short History, in Culture Trip">{{Cite web |last=Cocking |first=Lauren |date=17 November 2016 |title=The Golden Age Of Mexican Cinema: A Short History, in Culture Trip |url=https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/mexico/articles/the-golden-age-of-mexican-cinema-a-short-history/ |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-date=15 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315174113/https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/mexico/articles/the-golden-age-of-mexican-cinema-a-short-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jerin fina-finan Mexico da Del Rio ta fito a cikinsu ana ɗaukar su a matsayin manyan fina-finai na gargajiya kuma sun taimaka wajen haɓaka sinima na Mexico a duk duniya. Daga cikinsu akwai ''María Candelaria'' (1943) da aka yaba sosai. <ref name="Maria Candelaria Reviews, on TV Guide">{{Cite web |last=Mastrangelo |first=Bob |title=Maria Candelaria Reviews, on TV Guide |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/maria-candelaria/review/2000052376/ |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref> Del Río ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai himma a fina-finan Mexico a duk tsawon shekarun 1950. A shekarar 1960 ta koma Hollywood. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya ta fito a fina-finan Mexico da Amurka. Daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950 har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970 ta kuma yi nasarar shiga wasan kwaikwayo a Mexico kuma ta fito a wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amurka. Ana ɗaukar Del Río a matsayin wata alama ta musamman ta fuskar mata ta ƙasar Mexico a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''DurangoMas: Dolores del Río biography'' |url=http://www.durangomas.mx/2013/10/dolores-del-rio/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730005721/http://www.durangomas.mx/2013/10/dolores-del-rio/ |archive-date=30 July 2020 |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:Dolores_del_Río's_house_in_Durango.JPG|right|thumb|Allon tunawa a gidan da aka haifi Dolores del Río, wanda ke birnin Durango, [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] . Yana cewa: ''Dolores del Rio.'' ''A tarihin daukar hoto akwai fuskoki biyu masu kyau: nata da na Greta Garbo'']] An haifi María de los Dolores Asúnsolo da López Negrete <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2021 |title=Dolores del Río (María de los Dolores Asúnsolo y López Negrete de Martínez del Río) |url=http://catarina.udlap.mx/xmLibris/projects/covarrubias/browse/item.jsp?id=exposicion_udlap_carpeta_iv_caricaturas_fotografias_y_notas&key=amc_exposicion_udlap_carpeta_iv_caricaturas_fotografias_y_notas_46.xml&folder=Exposici%C3%B3n%20UDLAP:%20Carpeta%20IV%20-%20Caricaturas,%20fotograf%C3%ADas%20y%20notas |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=catarina |language=es |archive-date=15 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715003216/http://catarina.udlap.mx/xmLibris/projects/covarrubias/browse/item.jsp?id=exposicion_udlap_carpeta_iv_caricaturas_fotografias_y_notas&key=amc_exposicion_udlap_carpeta_iv_caricaturas_fotografias_y_notas_46.xml&folder=Exposici%C3%B3n%20UDLAP:%20Carpeta%20IV%20-%20Caricaturas,%20fotograf%C3%ADas%20y%20notas |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cisneros Calzada |first=Fortino |date=4 August 2017 |title=Dolores Asúnsolo y López Negrete |url=https://www.elmanana.com/opinion/editoriales/dolores-asunsolo-y-lopez-negrete-3957123.html |access-date=15 July 2021 |website=El Mañana}}</ref> a Victoria de Durango, Mexico a ranar 3 ga Agusta 1904, [ 15 ] 'yar Jesús Leonardo Asúnsolo Jacques, ɗan manoma masu arziki kuma darektan Bankin Durango, da Antonia López Negrete, wanda ya fito daga ɗaya daga cikin iyalai mafi arziki a ƙasar, wanda zuriyarsa ta koma Spain da kuma manyan sarakunan sarauta . [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Ɗan uwan Antonia Negrate na farko shine Agustín López-Negrete wanda Pancho Villa ya ji rauni a ƙafarsa a watan Satumba 1894. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Iyayenta 'yan gidan sarauta ne na Mexico da suka wanzu a lokacin Porfiriato (lokacin da aka kafa mulkin kama karya na Mexico lokacin da dan kama karya Porfirio Díaz yake shugaban ƙasa). A gefen mahaifiyarta, 'yar uwan mai shirya fina-finai ne Julio Bracho <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ortiz Bulle-Goyri |first=Alejandro |title=Julio Bracho |url=http://www.elem.mx/autor/datos/3746 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=elem |language=es}}</ref> da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Ramón Novarro <ref name="model">{{Cite web |last=Pantoja |first=Vic |date=13 October 2020 |title=Curiosidades de Dolores del Río, un ícono latino en Hollywood |url=https://culturizando.com/curiosidades-de-dolores-del-rio-un-icono-latino-en-hollywood/ |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=culturizando |language=es}}</ref> (ɗaya daga cikin 'Masoyan Latin' na sinima mai shiru) da Andrea Palma <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez |first=Sayra |date=26 May 2020 |title=Andrea Palma, sola y abandonada deja de existir la primera diva del cine mexicano |url=https://www.show.news/cine/Andrea-Palma-sola-y-abandonada-deja-de-existir-la-primera-diva-del-cine-mexicano-20200526-0001.html |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Show! |language=es |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713192834/https://www.show.news/cine/Andrea-Palma-sola-y-abandonada-deja-de-existir-la-primera-diva-del-cine-mexicano-20200526-0001.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> (wata fitacciyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta sinima ta Mexico). A gefen mahaifinta, 'yar uwan mai sassaka na Mexico ce Ignacio Asúnsolo <ref name="model" /> da kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a kuma mai ƙira María Asúnsolo. <ref name="model" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2012 |title=Asúnsolo Morán, María |url=http://www.enciclopediagro.org/index.php/indices/indice-de-biografias/124-asunsolo-moran-maria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911054231/http://www.enciclopediagro.org/index.php/indices/indice-de-biografias/124-asunsolo-moran-maria |archive-date=11 September 2016 |access-date=16 September 2016 |website=Enciclopediagro.org}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ita ce goggon 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Diana Bracho . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2015 |title=La gran familia de artistas famosos |url=https://impactolatino.com/la-gran-familia-de-artistas-famosos-3/ |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=Impacto Latino}}</ref> Iyalin Del Río sun rasa duk dukiyarsu a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Mexico wanda ya kasance daga 1910 zuwa 1920. Iyalan aristocratic na Durango sun yi barazanar tayar da kayar baya da Pancho Villa ke jagoranta a yankin. Iyalin Asúnsolo sun yanke shawarar tserewa, mahaifinta zuwa Amurka, kuma ita da mahaifiyarta zuwa Birnin Mexico a cikin jirgin kasa, sun yi kama da manoma.[23] A cikin 1912, iyalin Asúnsolo sun sake haɗuwa a Birnin Mexico kuma sun zauna a ƙarƙashin kariya na shugaban kasar Francisco I. Madero, wanda dan uwan Mrs. Asúnsoloo ne.[23] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1904]] obn8amy0a8psgqwbyomdf6795qp82tp 0 143064 839535 803286 2026-05-24T00:17:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Constance Ama Emefa Edjeani-Afenu''' (5 Maris 1960<ref name="salute">{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=25 July 2017 |title=Ghana gets first female Brigadier General: Salute to Constance Edjeani-Afenu |url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/07/25/meet-ghana-s-topmost-female-soldier-brigadier-general-constance-edjeani-afenu/ |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> − 24 Janairu 2022;<ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Secretary-General's Spokesperson - on the death of former MINURSO Deputy Force Commander Brigadier General Constance Emefa Edjeani-Afenu {{!}} United Nations Secretary-General |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/node/261601 |access-date=26 January 2022 |website=un.org}}</ref> née Edjeani) ita ce birgediya janar mace ta farko a rundunar sojojin Ghana, kuma bayan mutuwarta, babbar janar mace ta farko. An tura ta zuwa ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya da yawa na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], gami da manufofi a Lebanon, Laberiya da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Mai ba da shawara ga Sojoji ga Ofishin Jakadancin Ghana na dindindin a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2016 |title=Ghana Armed Forces Records Its First Ever Female Brigadier General |url=http://buzzghana.com/ghana-armed-forces-records-its-first-ever-female-brigadier-general/ |access-date=25 February 2017 |language=en-US |newspaper=Ghana News Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == [[Fayil:Districts_of_the_Volta_Region_(2018).png|thumb|Yankin Volta na Ghana]] An haifi Constance Ama Emefa Edjeani-Afenu a ranar 5 ga Maris, 1960 a Vane Avatime, Yankin Volta,<ref name="myjoy" /> kuma ta girma a Ho, babban birnin [[Yankin Volta|Yankin Volta na Ghana]] . Ita ce ta shida a cikin 'yan'uwa goma, kuma ƙanwarta 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ghana, [[Akofa Edjeani Asiedu|Akofa Edjeani]] . Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a soja, kuma 'yan'uwanta biyu suma sun yi aikin soja, duk da cewa sun riga ta rasu.<ref name="peace">{{Cite web |date=14 August 2019 |title=Brig Gen Constance Ama Emefa Edjeanit-Afenu - First female general of GAF |url=https://www.ghanapeacejournal.com/brig-gen-constance-ama-emefa-edjeani-afenu-first-female-general-of-gaf/ |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Ghana Peace Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ita ce Mrs. Alice Grette Kwawu-Edzeani.<ref name="myjoy">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Brigadier General Constance Ama Emefa Edjeani-Afenu - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/brigadier-general-constance-ama-emefa-edjeani-afenu/ |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Edjeani-Afenu ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kamina Barracks da Makarantar Gwaji ta Sojoji da ke [[Kumasi]] kafin ta kammala karatunta na O- da A-levels a [[Wesley Girls' Senior High School|Makarantar Sakandare ta Wesley Girls]] da ke Cape Coast.<ref name="myjoy"/> == Ilimi == Edjeani-Afenu tana da digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana|Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA)]] . Ta sami digirin bayan kammala karatun digiri a fannin Gudanar da Ayyuka daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Digiri na biyu ta Paris,<ref name="peace"/> sannan ta kammala Difloma a fannin Hulɗa da Jama'a da Talla a [[University of Media, Arts and Communication|Cibiyar Jarida ta Ghana]] (GIJ).<ref name="peace" /> Ta sami takaddun shaida na ƙwararru da dama, ciki har da Takardar Shaidar Gudanar da Gwamnati, Takardar Shaidar Kasafin Kuɗi da Gudanar da Kuɗi, da kuma Takardar Shaidar Ƙirƙirar Arziki daga [[Swiss eLearning Institute|Cibiyar Nazarin eLearning ta Switzerland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swiss eLearning Institute |url=https://www.mbastudies.com/institutions/swiss-elearning-institute |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=www.mbastudies.com}}</ref><ref name="peace"/> == Sana'a == Edjeani-Afenu ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Ghana a shekarar 1978, tana da shekaru 18 kuma ta sadaukar da shekaru 41 na rayuwarta ga aikin soja. Tana ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban mata biyu kacal da ta ɗauka a jami'a, ɗayan kuma ta bar karatun bayan 'yan makonni. An naɗa Edjeani-Afenu a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1980 a matsayin Laftanar na Biyu bayan watanni 18 na horo a Kwalejin Sojoji ta Ghana.<ref name="ghanaweb_obit2">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2022 |title=Ghana's first female Brigadier-General Constance Emefa Edjeani-Afenu is dead |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-s-first-female-Brigadier-General-Constance-Emefa-Edjeani-Afenu-is-dead-1453078 |access-date=25 January 2022 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref name="un-constance2">{{Cite web |title=Constance Emefa Edjeani-Afenu |url=https://sites.ungeneva.org/not-a-womans-job/en/africangroup/constance-emefa-edjeani-afenu.html |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=sites.ungeneva.org |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016185616/https://sites.ungeneva.org/not-a-womans-job/en/africangroup/constance-emefa-edjeani-afenu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1990, tana aiki a Sashen Matasa na Kwalejin Kwamanda da Ma'aikata ta Sojoji,<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2015 |title=Celebrating Ghanaian women : 20 years after Beijing |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Celebrating-Ghanaian-women-20-years-after-Beijing-389978 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> Daga baya ta shiga Rundunar Biyan Sojoji a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa a shekarar 1999. [2] A watan Fabrairun 1999, an naɗa Manjo Edjeani-Afenu a matsayin Kwamandan Ofishin Biyan Kuɗi na Sojoji, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Kwamanda a cikin rundunar sojojin Ghana. An naɗa ta don ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Mai Ba da Shawara Kan Soja na Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a New York daga 2013 zuwa 2016. Wannan kuma shine karo na farko da mace ta taɓa riƙe wannan muƙamin.<ref name="ghanaweb_obit">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2022 |title=Ghana's first female Brigadier-General Constance Emefa Edjeani-Afenu is dead |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-s-first-female-Brigadier-General-Constance-Emefa-Edjeani-Afenu-is-dead-1453078 |access-date=25 January 2022 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinta na wani ɓangare na Bataliyar Ghana, an tura ta zuwa UNIFIL a 1994 da 1998, [[MONUSCO]] a 2007, da kuma UNMIL a 2009.<ref name="ghanaweb_obit"/> A ranar 7 ga Maris, 2016, an ɗaukaka Edjeani-Afenu zuwa matsayin Birgediya Janar, matsayi mafi girma da mace ta taɓa riƙewa a rundunar sojin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graphic.com.gh |date=4 March 2016 |title=Constance Edjeani-Afenu becomes Ghana's first female Brigadier General - Graphic Online |url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/constance-edjeani-afenu-becomes-ghana-s-female-brigadier-general.html |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=www.graphic.com.gh |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=Ama Emefa Edjeani-Afenu first female Brigadier General |url=http://www.ghanalive.tv/2016/03/04/ama-emefa-edjeani-afenu-first-female-brigadier-general/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226050307/http://www.ghanalive.tv/2016/03/04/ama-emefa-edjeani-afenu-first-female-brigadier-general/ |archive-date=26 February 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=Ghana Live TV}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamasah |first=Andreas |date=26 January 2022 |title="She was shining example of what women can do" – First Lady mourns first female Brigadier General |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/she-was-shining-example-of-what-women-can-do-first-lady-mourns-first-female-brigadier/7npen1q |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en |archive-date=2022-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126065627/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/she-was-shining-example-of-what-women-can-do-first-lady-mourns-first-female-brigadier/7npen1q |url-status=dead }}</ref> Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta naɗa ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kwamandan Rundunar Soja a MINURSO a watan Satumba na 2019, inda aka tura ta zuwa Yammacin Sahara.<ref name="un-constance">{{Cite web |title=Constance Emefa Edjeani-Afenu |url=https://sites.ungeneva.org/not-a-womans-job/en/africangroup/constance-emefa-edjeani-afenu.html |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=sites.ungeneva.org |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016185616/https://sites.ungeneva.org/not-a-womans-job/en/africangroup/constance-emefa-edjeani-afenu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arrival of New Deputy Force Commander to MINURSO |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/arrival-of-new-deputy-force-commander-to-minurso |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en |archive-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016185820/https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/arrival-of-new-deputy-force-commander-to-minurso |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2022 |title=First Lady pays tribute to departed first female soldier |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1134256/first-lady-pays-tribute-to-departed-first-female.html |access-date=2022-01-26 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h0vf5npnq4t59zczk71ai7mqivqlel6 0 143344 839608 804014 2026-05-24T08:04:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diakité Fatoumata N'Diaye''' 'yar siyasa ce kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya 'yar ƙasar Mali wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Lafiyar Jama'a a 1991, Ministar Lafiya a 1997, da Ministar Ci gaban Jama'a tsakanin shekarun 2000 da 2002. A shekarar 2017, N'Diaye ta zama jakadiyar Mali a Tunisiya. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi N'Diaye a [[Bamako]], [[Sudan ta Faransa|ƙasar Faransa Sudan]] (yanzu Mali) a watan Afrilun 1954. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Coulibaly |first=Djibril |title=BIOGRAPHIE : Fatoumata DIAKITE N'DIAYE Secrétaire Général du Gouvernement |url=https://lecombat.fr/biographie-fatoumata-diakite-ndiaye-secretaire-general-du-gouvernement/ |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=Le Combat - Actualités Mali |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2024-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716192203/https://lecombat.fr/biographie-fatoumata-diakite-ndiaye-secretaire-general-du-gouvernement/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta fara zuwa makarantar yanki a [[Ségou|Segou]], sannan ta ci gaba da karatunta a cocin Katolika da ke Segou inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1968. <ref name=":0" /> Daga nan ta yi karatun adabi na zamani a Lycée de Jeunes Filles de Bamako sannan ta koma Jami'ar Toulouse Capitole inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a a shekarar 1976. <ref name=":0" /> N'Diaye ta sami digiri na uku a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Paris I a shekarar 1978. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aujourd'hui-Mali |date=2017-07-29 |title=maliweb.net - En 57 ans d'indépendance : Le Mali a connu 57 femmes ministres |url=https://www.maliweb.net/histoire-politique/57-ans-dindependance-mali-a-connu-57-femmes-ministres-2427272.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=maliweb.net |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Tsakanin shekarun 1983 da 1991, N'Diaye farfesa ce a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Ƙasa. A wannan lokacin, ta kuma hau kan muƙami a gwamnatin Mali, inda ta zama mai ba da shawara ga sakatariyar gwamnati, shugabar wallafe-wallafe na wannan sashe, sannan kuma darakta a majalisar ministocin Ma'aikatar Matasa da Wasanni. <ref name=":0"/> A shekarar 1991, an naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Lafiyar Jama'a, Ayyukan Jin Daɗi, da Haɓaka Mata a gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya bayan juyin mulkin Mali a shekarar 1991. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Cissé |first=Alpha Baber |title=Mme Diakité Fatoumata NDIAYE |url=http://www.mediateurdumali.com/mme-diakite-fatoumata-ndiaye.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=MÉDIATEUR DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DU MALI |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, an naɗa ta a matsayin Ministar Yawon Buɗe Ido da kuma mataimakiyar sakatare janar na gwamnati. Tsakanin shekarun 1993 da 1997, N'Diaye ta kasance Ministar Haɓaka Mata, kuma a shekarar 1997 ta zama Ministar Lafiya ta Mali. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> A matsayinta na ministar lafiya, N'Diaye ta mayar da hankali kan ƙoƙarin da ake yi na rage sha'awar shan taba a Mali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 31, 1999 |title=Mali Calls For Multi-Dimensional Approach To Curb Smoking |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/199905310079.html |access-date=July 16, 2024 |website=Panafrican News Agency via AllAfrica}}</ref> Tsakanin shekarun 2000 da 2002, N'Diaye ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ci gaban Jama'a, Haɗin Kai, da Tsofaffi. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> N'Diaye ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani da kuma mai ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a gwamnatin Mali tsakanin shekarun 2002 da 2009. <ref name=":0"/> Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatare janar na Mali tsakanin shekarun 2009 da 2017, lokacin da aka naɗa ta jakadiyar Mali a [[Tunisiya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2022 |title=Notre profil de la semaine est Madame Diakité Fatoumata Ndiaye. |url=https://www.facebook.com/onufemmesMALI/posts/notre-profil-de-la-semaine-est-madame-diakit%C3%A9-fatoumata-ndiaye-n%C3%A9e-%C3%A0-bamako-en-a/632622814861665/ |access-date=July 16, 2024 |website=UN Women Mali via Facebook}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=L'Alternance |date=2022-02-21 |title=maliweb.net - Portrait de femmes célèbres au Mali : Ce numéro est consacré à Mme Diakité Fatoumata N'Diaye |url=https://www.maliweb.net/people/portrait-de-femmes-celebres-au-mali-ce-numero-est-consacre-a-mme-diakite-fatoumata-ndiaye-2965858.html |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=maliweb.net |language=fr-FR}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2023, [[Moussa Soro Sy]] ya gaje ta a matsayin jakada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-25 |title=The Tunisian FM receives the Ambassadors of Mali and Argentina |url=https://www.ifm.tn/fr/article/english-news/the-tunisian-fm-receives-the-ambassadors-of-mali-and-argentina/68620 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=www.ifm.tn |language=fr |archive-date=2024-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716192203/https://www.ifm.tn/fr/article/english-news/the-tunisian-fm-receives-the-ambassadors-of-mali-and-argentina/68620 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3w5ggd1bxujia0jkmnc2fq98c7y2to8 0 143650 839335 804747 2026-05-23T13:24:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Carmelita Rita Namashulua''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba 1962) malamar makaranta ce 'yar Mozambique, ma'aikaciyar gwamnati kuma 'yar siyasa a jam'iyyar [[FRELIMO]] mai mulki (daga [[Harshen Portuguese|Fotigal]]: ''Frente de Libertação de Moçambique'', <abbr>wacce aka fassara</abbr> <abbr>zuwa</abbr> Mozambique Liberation Front). A lokacin wa'adin shugabancin Filipe Nyusi na biyu (2020–2025), an naɗa Namashulua Ministar Ilimi da Ci gaban Ɗan Adam ta Mozambique (MINEDH). Ta taɓa zama Ministar Gudanarwa ta Jiha da Ayyukan Jama'a na Mozambique tsakanin shekarun (2015–2020) da kuma Mataimakiyar Ministar Gudanar da Jama'a ta Mozambique. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Namashulua a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba, 1962 a [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania. Tana magana da Shimakonde, [[Harshen Swahili|Kiswahili]], [[Harshen Portuguese|Portuguese]] da [[Turanci]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pires |first=Walter |date=2019-02-26 |title=Carmelita Rita Namashulua - Biografia |url=https://www.mmo.co.mz/pessoa/carmelita-rita-namashulua/#ixzz6T6FneIAE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223230833/https://www.mmo.co.mz/pessoa/carmelita-rita-namashulua/#ixzz6T6FneIAE |archive-date=23 December 2024 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Vida e Obra - MMO |language=pt-BR}}</ref> Namashulua ta ƙaura daga Tanzaniya zuwa Mozambique tun tana ƙarama kuma ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta FRELIMO da ke Ribaué har zuwa shekara ta 1981. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=13 August 2020 |title=Carmelita Rita Namashulua |url=https://clubofmozambique.com/who-is-who-post/carmelita-rita-namashulua-166885/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504221727/https://clubofmozambique.com/who-is-who-post/carmelita-rita-namashulua-166885/ |archive-date=4 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Club of Mozambique |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi karatun digiri a fannin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Eduardo Mondlane]] (UEM) da ke [[Maputo]] da kuma digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga [[Jami'ar Maputo|Jami'ar Pedagogical]] da ke Maputo. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-04 |title=Carmelita Rita Namashulua |url=https://thebusinessyear.com/interview/carmelita-rita-namashulua/ |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=The Business Year |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504221727/https://thebusinessyear.com/interview/carmelita-rita-namashulua/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An bai wa Namashulua kyautar Kwaikwayon Siyasa a shekarar 1985. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar kimiyyar lissafi a Makarantar Sakandare ta Josina Machel da ke Maputo. <ref name=":0"/> Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Shirye-shiryen Tallafawa Mata Masu Rauni a Ofishin Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa da kuma Mai Ba da Shawara ga Cibiyar Ayyukan Jama'a ta Ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Aikin siyasa == Namashulua 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar [[FRELIMO]] mai mulki kuma tun daga watan Satumba na shekarar 2006 ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Tsakiya da Sakatariyar Kwamitin Tsakiya. <ref name=":0"/> A shekarar 2005, ta kasance Mataimakiyar Ministar Gudanar da Jama'a ta Mozambique kuma ta ziyarci [[Harare]] a Zimbabwe don tattaunawa kan karfafa haɗin gwiwa da hulɗar diflomasiyya tsakanin ƙasashe. Namashulua ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Gudanarwa ta Jiha da kuma Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta Mozambique tsakanin shekarun 2013 da 2020. <ref name=":0"/> A wannan matsayin, ta magance zamba da aka yi wa "ma'aikatan fatalwa" 30,000 a cikin albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati, wanda ya jawo wa gwamnati asarar dala miliyan 250 cikin shekaru biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2018 |title=Deluge of 30,000 'ghost employees' cost Mozambique civil service £200m |url=https://news.sky.com/story/deluge-of-30-000-ghost-employees-costs-mozambique-civil-service-200m-11577430 |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> kuma tana da nufin ƙara yawan malaman firamare mata. <ref name=":1"/> Ta yi magana da manema labarai na duniya game da magance cin hanci da rashawa a Mozambique, ciki har da "soyayya, nuna wariya, tuhume-tuhumen da ba bisa ƙa'ida ba na shigar da mutane aiki a harkokin gwamnati da kuma gurbata lasisi." <ref name=":2" /> Daga nan aka naɗa Namashula Ministar Ilimi da Ci gaban Bil Adama ta Mozambique. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nuvunga |first=Elisio |date=2024-05-23 |title=Carmelita Namashulua reconhece “vulnerabilidade” do sector da educação |url=https://evidencias.co.mz/2024/05/23/carmelita-namashulua-reconhece-vulnerabilidade-do-sector-da-educacao/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504221727/https://evidencias.co.mz/2024/05/23/carmelita-namashulua-reconhece-vulnerabilidade-do-sector-da-educacao/ |archive-date=4 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Evidências |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kula da rufe makarantu da sake buɗe makarantun firamare a lokacin annobar COVID-19 daga Disamba 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2020 |title=Mozambique: Primary schools to reopen with three shifts |url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-primary-schools-to-reopen-with-three-shifts-179091/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504221727/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-primary-schools-to-reopen-with-three-shifts-179091/ |archive-date=4 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Club of Mozambique |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta yi magana a Majalisar Haɗaka ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi game da asarar [[Mozambik metical|da aka]] kiyasta ta kai biliyan 1.5 ga gine-ginen ilimi da 'yan ta'addar [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|ISIS]] suka yi a yankin arewacin lardin Cabo Delgado na Mozambique. A watan Yunin 2022, Namashula ta ba da umarnin a janye littafin rubutun kimiyyar zamantakewa na aji shida daga makarantu ''nan'' take, saboda kurakurai kamar wurin da Zimbabwe ba ta dace ba da kuma tarihinta da kuma hoton da bai dace ba na majalisar dokokin Mozambique, Majalisar Jamhuriyar. Ta kuma dakatar da jami'in da ke da alhakin samar da littattafan. Lokacin da malamai suka nuna rashin biyan albashi na ƙarin lokaci a shekarun 2022 da 2023, ta yi kira ga malamai da su kwantar da hankalinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Integrity |date=2024-01-30 |title=Erros à parte: Carmelita Namashulua de “pedra e cal” |url=https://integritymagazine.co.mz/arquivos/22212 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504221727/https://integritymagazine.co.mz/arquivos/22212 |archive-date=4 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=Integrity Magazine |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=CARMELITA NAMASHULUA |url=https://opais.co.mz/tag/carmelita-namashulua/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110222656/https://opais.co.mz/tag/carmelita-namashulua/ |archive-date=10 November 2024 |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=opais.co.mz |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Ta kuma goyi bayan shirye-shirye kamar Ranar Harsunan Iyaye ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2020 |title=Bilingual education contributes to school success |url=https://www.adpp-mozambique.org/more/news/bilingual-education-contributes-to-school-success |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=ADPP Mozambique |language=en-gb}}</ref> da Ranar Littattafai ta Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Remédios |first=José dos |date=2022-04-23 |title=Carmelita Namashulua quer livro na rotina dos alunos |url=https://opais.co.mz/carmelita-namashulua-quer-o-livro-na-rotina-dos-alunos/ |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=opais.co.mz |language=pt-PT}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] ow8im2ozowyj5zpcjc7tn6k733mg7g6 0 143792 839351 833840 2026-05-23T15:21:25Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophia Shaningwa''' yar siyasa ce ta Namibia, a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na jam'iyyar SWAPO . == Ilimi == Shaningwa ya bar Namibia zuwa gudun hijira a watan Mayu 1980 kuma ya sami horo na soja a matsayin mayaƙan Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a na Namibia (PLAN). Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Ivanova a Tarayyar Soviet . == Ayyukan siyasa == An nada Shaningwa a matsayin gwamnan Yankin Khomas a shekara ta 2004. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna na yankin Omusati . A shekara ta 2014, an zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.<ref name="a">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2014 |title=Parliament of hope? |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=131561&page=archive-read |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a Kamfanin Gidaje na Kasa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Windhoek West . <ref name="a" /> Shaningwa ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ci Gaban Birane da Karkara daga 21 ga Maris 2015 zuwa Fabrairu 2018 a gwamnatin Shugaba Hage Geingob. A wannan lokacin, Samlam ta ba da ma'aikatarta takardar shaidar don kawar da tsarin bayan gida, saboda an yi imanin cewa tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace mujallar babban kalubale ne a yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namibian |first=The |title=Sanitation a human right issue – Shaningwa |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=166711 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=The Namibian |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2017, an zabi Shaningwa a matsayin babban sakatare na [[SWAPO]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Candidates for Swapo's Top-Four Positions At 2017 Party Congress |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201711230523.html |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Allafrica.com}}</ref> Shaningwa ya riƙe wannan matsayi a cikin 2022, inda ya kayar da Oshikoto SWAPO Regional Coordinator Armas Amukwiyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Namibia: Women Power! ... Netumbo, Shaningwa Win Swapo's Game of Thrones |url=https://afro.news/2022/11/30/namibia-women-power-netumbo-shaningwa-win-swapos-game-of-thrones/ |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=Afro News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == An ba Shaningwa lambar yabo ta Mafi Girma ta Namibia: aji na farko a Ranar Jarumawa ta 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] meo2039hlo5iqgk26hgg30fkt2tcw9g 839352 839351 2026-05-23T15:21:49Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sophia Shaningwa''' yar siyasa ce ta Namibia, a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na jam'iyyar SWAPO . == Ilimi == Shaningwa ya bar Namibia zuwa gudun hijira a watan Mayu 1980 kuma ya sami horo na soja a matsayin mayaƙan Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a na Namibia (PLAN). Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Ivanova a Tarayyar Soviet . == Ayyukan siyasa == An nada Shaningwa a matsayin gwamnan Yankin Khomas a shekara ta 2004. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna na yankin Omusati . A shekara ta 2014, an zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.<ref name="a">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2014 |title=Parliament of hope? |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=131561&page=archive-read |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a Kamfanin Gidaje na Kasa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Windhoek West . <ref name="a" /> Shaningwa ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ci Gaban Birane da Karkara daga 21 ga Maris 2015 zuwa Fabrairu 2018 a gwamnatin Shugaba Hage Geingob. A wannan lokacin, Samlam ta ba da ma'aikatarta takardar shaidar don kawar da tsarin bayan gida, saboda an yi imanin cewa tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace mujallar babban kalubale ne a yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namibian |first=The |title=Sanitation a human right issue – Shaningwa |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=166711 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=The Namibian |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2017, an zabi Shaningwa a matsayin babban sakatare na [[SWAPO]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Candidates for Swapo's Top-Four Positions At 2017 Party Congress |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201711230523.html |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Allafrica.com}}</ref> Shaningwa ya riƙe wannan matsayi a cikin 2022, inda ya kayar da Oshikoto SWAPO Regional Coordinator Armas Amukwiyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Namibia: Women Power! ... Netumbo, Shaningwa Win Swapo's Game of Thrones |url=https://afro.news/2022/11/30/namibia-women-power-netumbo-shaningwa-win-swapos-game-of-thrones/ |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=Afro News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == An ba Shaningwa lambar yabo ta Mafi Girma ta Namibia: aji na farko a Ranar Jarumawa ta 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] d5aj3ywttm1egx9qu9l5457ekcde3u4 839353 839352 2026-05-23T15:22:10Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sophia Shaningwa''' ta kasance yar siyasa ce a Namibia, a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na jam'iyyar SWAPO . == Ilimi == Shaningwa ya bar Namibia zuwa gudun hijira a watan Mayu 1980 kuma ya sami horo na soja a matsayin mayaƙan Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a na Namibia (PLAN). Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Ivanova a Tarayyar Soviet . == Ayyukan siyasa == An nada Shaningwa a matsayin gwamnan Yankin Khomas a shekara ta 2004. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna na yankin Omusati . A shekara ta 2014, an zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.<ref name="a">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2014 |title=Parliament of hope? |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=131561&page=archive-read |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a Kamfanin Gidaje na Kasa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Windhoek West . <ref name="a" /> Shaningwa ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ci Gaban Birane da Karkara daga 21 ga Maris 2015 zuwa Fabrairu 2018 a gwamnatin Shugaba Hage Geingob. A wannan lokacin, Samlam ta ba da ma'aikatarta takardar shaidar don kawar da tsarin bayan gida, saboda an yi imanin cewa tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace mujallar babban kalubale ne a yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namibian |first=The |title=Sanitation a human right issue – Shaningwa |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=166711 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=The Namibian |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2017, an zabi Shaningwa a matsayin babban sakatare na [[SWAPO]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Candidates for Swapo's Top-Four Positions At 2017 Party Congress |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201711230523.html |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Allafrica.com}}</ref> Shaningwa ya riƙe wannan matsayi a cikin 2022, inda ya kayar da Oshikoto SWAPO Regional Coordinator Armas Amukwiyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Namibia: Women Power! ... Netumbo, Shaningwa Win Swapo's Game of Thrones |url=https://afro.news/2022/11/30/namibia-women-power-netumbo-shaningwa-win-swapos-game-of-thrones/ |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=Afro News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == An ba Shaningwa lambar yabo ta Mafi Girma ta Namibia: aji na farko a Ranar Jarumawa ta 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] d7x08a5fyy0viiiwl9ihcj1lggk1h50 839354 839353 2026-05-23T15:22:40Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sophia Shaningwa''' ta kasance yar siyasa ce a Namibia, a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na jam'iyyar SWAPO . == Ilimi == Shaningwa ya bar Namibia zuwa gudun hijira a watan Mayu 1980 kuma ya sami horo na soja a matsayin mayaƙan Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a na Namibia (PLAN). Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Ivanova a Tarayyar Soviet . == Ayyukan siyasa == An nada Shaningwa a matsayin gwamnan Yankin Khomas a shekara ta 2004. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna na yankin Omusati . A shekara ta 2014, an zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.<ref name="a">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2014 |title=Parliament of hope? |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=131561&page=archive-read |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a Kamfanin Gidaje na Kasa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Windhoek West . <ref name="a" /> Shaningwa ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ci Gaban Birane da Karkara daga 21 ga Maris 2015 zuwa Fabrairu 2018 a gwamnatin Shugaba Hage Geingob. A wannan lokacin, Samlam ta ba da ma'aikatarta takardar shaidar don kawar da tsarin bayan gida, saboda an yi imanin cewa tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace mujallar babban kalubale ne a yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namibian |first=The |title=Sanitation a human right issue – Shaningwa |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=166711 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=The Namibian |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2017, an zabi Shaningwa a matsayin babban sakatare na [[SWAPO]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Candidates for Swapo's Top-Four Positions At 2017 Party Congress |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201711230523.html |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Allafrica.com}}</ref> Shaningwa ya riƙe wannan matsayi a cikin 2022, inda ya kayar da Oshikoto SWAPO Regional Coordinator Armas Amukwiyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Namibia: Women Power! ... Netumbo, Shaningwa Win Swapo's Game of Thrones |url=https://afro.news/2022/11/30/namibia-women-power-netumbo-shaningwa-win-swapos-game-of-thrones/ |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=Afro News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == An ba Shaningwa lambar yabo ta Mafi Girma ta Namibia: aji na farko a Ranar Jarumawa ta 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6xaru7hkaf4ewkhuhgpdveoo9hvkjev 839356 839354 2026-05-23T15:23:15Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ m 839356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sophia Shaningwa''' ta kasance yar siyasa ce a Namibia, a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin babban sakatare na jam'iyyar SWAPO . == Ilimi == Shaningwa ya bar Namibia zuwa gudun hijira a watan Mayu 1980 kuma ya sami horo na soja a matsayin mayaƙan Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a na Namibia (PLAN). Ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Ivanova a Tarayyar Soviet . == Ayyukan siyasa == An nada Shaningwa a matsayin gwamnan Yankin Khomas a shekara ta 2004. Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Gwamna na yankin Omusati . A shekara ta 2014, an zabe ta a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa.<ref name="a">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2014 |title=Parliament of hope? |url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=131561&page=archive-read |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> Ta taba aiki a Kamfanin Gidaje na Kasa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Windhoek West . <ref name="a" /> Shaningwa ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Ci Gaban Birane da Karkara daga 21 ga Maris 2015 zuwa Fabrairu 2018 a gwamnatin Shugaba Hage Geingob. A wannan lokacin, Samlam ta ba da ma'aikatarta takardar shaidar don kawar da tsarin bayan gida, saboda an yi imanin cewa tsabtace muhalli da tsabtace mujallar babban kalubale ne a yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namibian |first=The |title=Sanitation a human right issue – Shaningwa |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=166711 |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=The Namibian |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2017, an zabi Shaningwa a matsayin babban sakatare na [[SWAPO]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Candidates for Swapo's Top-Four Positions At 2017 Party Congress |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201711230523.html |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=Allafrica.com}}</ref> Shaningwa ya riƙe wannan matsayi a cikin 2022, inda ya kayar da Oshikoto SWAPO Regional Coordinator Armas Amukwiyu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Namibia: Women Power! ... Netumbo, Shaningwa Win Swapo's Game of Thrones |url=https://afro.news/2022/11/30/namibia-women-power-netumbo-shaningwa-win-swapos-game-of-thrones/ |access-date=24 February 2023 |website=Afro News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == An ba Shaningwa lambar yabo ta Mafi Girma ta Namibia: aji na farko a Ranar Jarumawa ta 2014. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8nj7mqvxsa19ppouy7gfc2ijewkmthq 0 144234 839558 806304 2026-05-24T02:48:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dalibor Brozović''' (pronunciation Croatian: [dǎlibor brǒːzoʋit͡ɕ]; 28 ga Yulin 1927 - 19 ga Yunin 2009) masanin harshe ne na Croatia, Slavist, masanin harsuna kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya yi nazarin tarihin daidaitattun harsuna a yankin Slavic, musamman Croatian. Ya kasance mai aiki na Esperantist tun 1946, kuma ya rubuta waƙoƙin [[Esperanto]] da kuma fassara ayyukan cikin harshe. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a [[Sarajevo]] kuma ya yi makarantar firamare a Zenica . Sannan ya je makarantun sakandare na gaba da sakandare a Visoko, Sarajevo da [[Zagreb]]. Ya sami digiri na farko a harshen Croatia da adabin Yugoslavia a Sashen Nazarin Bil Adama da Kimiyyar Zamantakewa, Jami'ar Zagreb . <ref name="Jugoslovenski književni leksikon" /> A shekarar 1957, ya sami digirin digirgir na uku tare da ''Jawabin Digiri na farko a Fojnica Valley'' . Tun daga shekara ta 1946 ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bilosnić |first=Tomislav Marijan |date=13 March 2012 |title=Dr. Ante Franić: Dalekometni ciljevi Deklaracije |trans-title=Dr. Ante Franić: Long-range goals of the Declaration |url=https://archive.org/details/Deklaracija_Ante_Franic_Zadarski_List |access-date=13 July 2015 |page=16 |issn=1333-316X}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ya kasance co-kafa kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar [[Kroatiya|Croatia]] Democratic Union, wanda zai lashe Zaben 1990. A cewar shirin talabijin na kasa na Croatia "War kafin yaƙi", ya kasance mai ba da labari game da sabis na sirri na Yugoslavian (SDS) kuma yana aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan lambar "Forum" har zuwa farkon 1990. Ya kasance mataimakin shugabancin Jamhuriyar Croatia (a 1990) kuma memba na Majalisar dokokin Croatia (1992-1995). A cikin 1991-2001 ya jagoranci Cibiyar Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical. Ya shirya Atlas of European and Slavic Dialectology . A cikin 2012, [[Viktor Ivančić]] ya gano Brozović a matsayin mutum a cikin cibiyar da ke da alhakin jagorantar zubar da lalata 40,000 na Encyclopedia na Yugoslavia a farkon shekarun 1990.<ref name="Ivančić">{{Cite web |last=[[Viktor Ivančić]] |date=13 July 2012 |title=Mržnja prema knjizi |trans-title=Hatred Towards the Book |url=https://pescanik.net/mrznja-prema-knjizi/ |access-date=8 March 2024 |publisher=[[Peščanik (radio show)|Peščanik]]}}</ref> An bayyana Brozović a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masana harsunan Croatian na karni na 20. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dalibor Brozović |url=http://www.vecernji.hr/biografije/dalibor-brozovic-127 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102200201/http://www.vecernji.hr/biografije/dalibor-brozovic-127 |archive-date=January 2, 2014 |access-date=January 2, 2014 |language=sh |issn=0350-5006}}</ref> Koyaya, an ba da wannan ra'ayi daga hangen nesa na kasa, kamar yadda aka san Brozović sau da yawa yana watsar da ilimin harshe don jawabin kasa sosai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kordić, Snježana |author-link=Snježana Kordić |year=2003 |title=Demagogija umjesto znanosti (odgovor Daliboru Brozoviću) |trans-title=Demagogy instead of science (response to Dalibor Brozović) |url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/430252.DEMAGOGIJA_UMJESTO_ZNANOSTI.PDF |url-status=live |journal=Književna republika |language=sh |location=Zagreb |volume=1 |issue=7–8 |pages=176–202 |issn=1334-1057 |s2cid=171739712 |ssrn=3433060 |id={{CROSBI|430252}}. {{ZDB|2122129-7}} |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6A7zQNqNr?url=http://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/430252.DEMAGOGIJA_UMJESTO_ZNANOSTI.PDF |archive-date=23 August 2012 |access-date=17 March 2019 }}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> [http://opak.crolib.hr/cgi-bin/unicat.cgi?form=D1440910057 (CROLIB)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202202504/http://opak.crolib.hr/cgi-bin/unicat.cgi?form=D1440910057 |date=2018-02-02 }}.</ref>{{Sfn|Kordić|2007}} Daga cikin manyan ayyukansa akwai littafin ''Standardni jezik'' ("Harshe na yau da kullun") (1970) da kuma labarin Tsohon yana ba da nau'ikan daidaitattun harsuna, wanda duk da haka ya haɗu da zargi don ƙunshe da ka'idoji masu rikitarwa da rashin tabbas. Wannan na ƙarshe ya raba tarihin Croatian zuwa lokuta uku na farko da na uku. Ganin cewa an yi imanin cewa an daidaita Croatian ne kawai a lokacin [[Illyrian movement|Motsi na Illyrian]] da [[Ljudevit Gaj]], Brozović ya yi jayayya cewa daidaitawa ya fara ne a kusa da 1600 kuma ya bunkasa sosai a kusa da 1750. Koyaya, wannan labarin Brozović kuma yana fuskantar zargi saboda gaskiyar cewa "a cikin karni na 18, babu wani misali na harshe ("[[Dachsprache|"Uberdachende"]]" sprachliche Entität), wanda zai rufin [[Kajkavian dialect|Kajkavian]] da [[Shtokavian dialect|Shtokavian]]".<ref>"da es eine das Kajkavische und Štokavische ’überdachende’ sprachliche Entität im 18. Jh. nicht gegeben hat" ({{Harvard citation no brackets|Gröschel|2009}})</ref> A wasu kalmomi, manyan ayyukan daidaitawa sun faru ne kawai a karni na 19.{{Sfn|Gröschel|2009}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1927]] hawe39dcztrkulg1o3nbafthbx61c7d 0 144323 839430 826181 2026-05-23T18:24:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Elizabeth Holt''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1954) masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa ce ta Burtaniya.<ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Christine Holt FRS FMedSci |url=http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/staff/holt/index.shtml |access-date=30 December 2013 |website=Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience Staff Page, University of Cambridge |archive-date=30 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234428/http://www.pdn.cam.ac.uk/staff/holt/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Neuroscience, Jami'ar Cambridge, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Christine Holt FRS FMedSci |url=http://www.neuroscience.cam.ac.uk/directory/profile.php?cholt |access-date=30 December 2013 |website=Cambridge Neuroscience}}</ref> tun daga shekara ta 2003 kuma Fellow na Gonville da Caius College, Jami'an Cambridge, <ref name="cambridge">{{Cite web |title=Professor Christine Holt FMedSci, FRS |url=http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/people/christine-holt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234634/http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/people/christine-holt |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=30 December 2013 |website=Gonville & Caius}}</ref> tun daga shekara. Holt an fi saninta da aikinta na fahimtar "tushen hanyoyin da ke jagorantar yadda kwakwalwar vertebrate ke shiga cikin takamaiman hanyar da ta dace. " <ref name="ucsd">{{Cite web |date=19 June 1986 |title=Christine Holt named a McKnight Scholar |url=http://libraries.ucsd.edu/historyofucsd/#ark:bb02742985 |access-date=18 March 2014}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ta sami tallafin Shirin Kimiyya na Human Frontiers don haɓaka binciken kwayoyin da zai taimaka wa masu bincike su fahimci tsarin "GPS na sel" wanda ke jagoranta neurons don ƙirƙirar tsarin juyayi mai kyau. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2009 |title=Carnegie Mellon researchers to develop probes to study cellular GPS |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-11/cmu-cmr111009.php |access-date=30 December 2013 |archive-date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000210/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-11/cmu-cmr111009.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Binciken ta yana ba da jagora don maganin gaba don lalacewar jijiyoyi da cututtukan neurodevelopmental.<ref name="profile"/> == Ayyukan kimiyya == [[Fayil:Staircase_L_Gonville_&_Caius.jpg|thumb|Sunan Holt a kan Matakala L a Kwalejin Gonville & Caius, Cambridge, a cikin 2010]] A shekara ta 1977, Holt ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya (Honors) a kimiyyar halittu daga Jami'ar Sussex . Ta yi aikin digirin digirin ta a karkashin jagorancin John Scholes a Kwalejin King ta London, inda ta sami Ph.D. a fannin ilimin dabbobi a shekarar 1982. <ref name="cv">{{Cite web |title=Christine Holt |url=http://wils-database.embo.org/members_meet/print.php?member_id=57 |access-date=18 March 2014 |archive-date=18 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318181747/http://wils-database.embo.org/members_meet/print.php?member_id=57 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga 1982 zuwa 1986, ta kasance abokiyar postdoctoral a Sashen Physiology a Jami'ar Oxford da Sashen Biology na Jami'ar California San Diego (UCSD) a karkashin jagorancin W.A. Harris da Colin Blakemore . <ref name="cv"/><ref name="author">{{Cite journal |last=Hosung Jung |last2=Byung C. Yoon |last3=Christine E. Holt |name-list-style=amp |date=1 May 2012 |title=Axonal mRNA localization and local protein synthesis in nervous system assembly, maintenance and repair |journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=308–324 |doi=10.1038/nrn3210 |pmc=3682205 |pmid=22498899}}</ref> A shekara ta 1986, ta zama mataimakiyar masanin kimiyyar halittu da kuma malami a UCSD, inda ta ci gaba da nazarin tsarin gani na kwaya a farkon lokacin da ta fara. Ta sami lambar yabo ta McKnight Scholar Award don wannan aikin a 1986 da kuma lambar yabo ta Alexander von Humboldt a 1987. <ref name="ucsd"/><ref name="ucsd1989">{{Cite web |date=7 June 1991 |title=UCSD Biologist Christine E. Holt awarded $200,000 as Pew Scholar |url=http://libraries.ucsd.edu/historyofucsd/#ark:bb7475725r |access-date=18 March 2014}}</ref> Ta shiga bangaren koyarwa a UCSD a shekarar 1989. A wannan lokacin, ta yi nazarin tsarin da sel daga retina ke girma zuwa kuma suna yin haɗin kai tare da takamaiman sel na kwakwalwa, suna yin gwaje-gwaje don fahimtar rawar da ƙwayoyin mannewa ke takawa a cikin jagorancin axon. Musamman, ta tantance asarar N-cadherin da integrins, biyu daga cikin nau'ikan kwayoyin mannewa guda uku, a kan kwakwalwar embryonic.[1] A shekara ta 1991, an ba ta suna Pew Scholar . A shekara ta 1997, ta koma Kwalejin Gonville &amp;amp; Caius a Jami'ar Cambridge . <ref name="cambridge"/> A shekara ta 2003, ta zama Farfesa a fannin Neuroscience a Sashen Physiology, Development da Neuroscience, matsayin da take riƙewa a yau.<ref name="remedios">{{Cite web |title=The Remedios Caro Amelia Prize for Research in Developmental Neurobiology in its fifth edition is awarded to Christine Holt of Cambridge University |url=http://in.umh.es/paginas_particulares/RCA/RCA2011_Awarded.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620124617/http://in.umh.es/paginas_particulares/RCA/RCA2011_Awarded.pdf |archive-date=20 June 2012 |access-date=18 March 2014}}</ref> An zabe ta a matsayin memba na Kungiyar Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar Turai a shekara ta 2005, abokiyar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya a shekara ta 2007, kuma abokiyar Royal Society a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="cambridge" /> A shekara ta 2011, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Remedios Caro Almela don Bincike a cikin Neurobiology na Ci Gaban.<ref name="remedios" /> A shekara ta 2016, ta kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar da aka ba da kyautar António Champalimaud Vision Award, tare da John Flanagan na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, Carol A. Mason na Jami'ar Columbia, Carla Shatz na Jami'an Stanford. A cikin 2017, Farfesa Holt ta sami lambar yabo ta Ferrier da Lacca ta Royal Society "don fahimtar mahimman hanyoyin kwayoyin da ke cikin ci gaban jijiyoyi, jagora da niyya wanda ya sauya iliminmu game da haɓaka axon. " A cikin 2022 ta sami lambar Rosenstiel, kuma a cikin 2023 Kyautar Brain. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ferrier Medal and Lecture {{!}} Royal Society |url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/ferrier-lecture/ |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=royalsociety.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> An zabi Christine Holt a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa a watan Afrilun 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 NAS Election |url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2020-nas-election.html |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] c90u1ov2ehxrna3fd5czmxe8d2mw0y7 0 144356 839538 826257 2026-05-24T00:34:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Corinne Le Quéré''' <ref name="CBE">{{London Gazette|issue=62666|supp=y|page=B9|date=8 June 2019}}</ref> CBE FRS (an haife ta a watan Yulin shekara ta 1966) masanin kimiyya ne na Kanada. Ita ce Farfesa ta Binciken Royal Society na Kimiyya ta [[Canjin yanayi]] a Jami'ar East Anglia kuma tsohon Darakta na [[Cibiyar Tyndall|Cibiyar Tyndall don Binciken Canjin Yanayi]] Yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corinne Le Quéré web page |url=https://people.uea.ac.uk/c_lequere |access-date=2021-03-21 |publisher=University of East Anglia (UEA) |archive-date=2021-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525004243/https://people.uea.ac.uk/c_lequere |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance shugabar kafa Babban Majalisar Faransa kan Yanayi (2018-2024) kuma memba ce ta [[Kwamitin Canjin Yanayi]] na Burtaniya tun daga 2016. Binciken ta yana mai da hankali kan hulɗar tsakanin sake zagayowar carbon da canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research publications of Corinne Le Quéré |url=https://publons.com/researcher/1359497/corinne-le-quere |access-date=2021-03-21 |publisher=Publons}}</ref> == Ilimi == Le Quéré ta sami B.Sc. a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Montreal, MS a fannin Kimiyya ta Yanayi da Oceanic daga Jami'a McGill, da Ph.D. a fannin ilimin teku daga Jami'an Paris VI . <ref name="tyndall1">{{Cite web |title=Corinne Le Quere Biography |url=http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/people/corinne-le-quere |access-date=2016-12-23 |website=Tyndall.ac.uk}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da ta farko == An haifi Le Quéré a Quebec a shekarar 1966 kuma tun tana yarinya ta yi hutun sansani a wuraren shakatawa na Gabashin Kanada wanda ya inganta sha'awarta ga duniyar halitta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs, Professor Corinne Le Quéré, climate scientist |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001hnx7 |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kammala makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 1984 kuma ta shiga karatun sakandare a Jami'ar Ottawa, kusa da gidanta a Gatineau, kafin ta koma Jami'ar Montreal don karatun kimiyyar lissafi.<ref name=":1" /> Le Quéré daga baya ya zama ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya kuma yana da fasfo na Faransa da Kanada. Yanzu ta auri mijinta na biyu kuma tana da 'yar daga aurenta na farko, Marianne, wacce ta yi renonta a matsayin uwa ɗaya. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2023, Le Quéré ya kasance baƙo a kan BBC's Desert Island Discs a Rediyo 4 (wanda Lauren Laverne ya gabatar). A matsayinta na Castaway mai tunani ta zaɓi abin rufe fuska da snorkel a matsayin kayan alatu kuma, don faifan da ta fi so, La Vida Es Un Carnaval na Celia Cruz . Don littafinta, ta zaɓi World Atlas of the Oceans <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dave Monahan > Compare Discount Book Prices & Save up to 90% > ISBNS.net |url=https://www.isbns.net/author/Dave_Monahan |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=www.isbns.net}}</ref> na Dave Monahan.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Desert Island Discs |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-prderl/desert-island-discs/episodes/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Radio Times |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203104452/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-prderl/desert-island-discs/episodes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka da bincike == Ta kasance co-shugaban Global Carbon Project (GCP) daga 2009 har zuwa 2013.[1] A cikin GCP, ta fara kuma ta ba da umarni sama da shekaru goma na buga kasafin kudin carbon na duniya.[2][3] A cikin 2014-2017 ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kimiyya na dandalin Duniya na gaba don bincike mai ɗorewa. [4][5] Ita ce marubuciyar rahotanni na 3, 4 da 5 na Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi . Ta gudanar da bincike a Jami'ar Princeton a Amurka (1992-1996), a Cibiyar Max Planck ta Biogeochemistry a Jamus (2000-2005), kuma tare tsakanin UEA da British Antarctic Survey a Burtaniya (2005-2010). == Daraja da kyaututtuka == A cikin 2012, an ba Le Quéré lambar yabo ta Claude Berthault daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Faransa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prix de Mme Claude Berthault: Lauréat d'année 2014 |url=http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/laureat_berthault.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209172424/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/activite/prix/laureat_berthault.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-09 |access-date=2015-02-09}}</ref> lambar yabo ta farko ta Copernicus Gesellschaft e.V. a cikin 2013/2014, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Copernicus e.V. - Medal |url=http://www.copernicus-gesellschaft.org/medal.html |access-date=2016-12-23 |website=Copernicus-gesellschaft.org}}</ref> kuma ita ce malamin Bolin na shekara-shekara a Jami'ar Stockholm a cikin 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Science Forum with Prof. Corinne Le Quéré, Bolin Climate Lecturer 2014 - Faculty of Science |url=http://www.science.su.se/english/about-us/calendar/science-forum-with-prof-corinne-le-qu%C3%A9r%C3%A9-bolin-climate-lecturer-2014-1.168535 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531141158/http://www.science.su.se/english/about-us/calendar/science-forum-with-prof-corinne-le-qu%C3%A9r%C3%A9-bolin-climate-lecturer-2014-1.168535 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2016-12-23 |website=Science.su.se}}</ref> A shekara ta 2015, ta sami lambar yabo ta Blaise Pascal don Kimiyya ta Duniya da Muhalli daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Turai <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Blaise Pascal Medals 2015 |url=http://www.eurasc.org/medals/pb_medals_15.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113150306/http://www.eurasc.org/medals/pb_medals_15.asp |archive-date=2018-01-13 |access-date=2018-01-12}}</ref> da kuma Grande Médaille Albert 1er de Monaco, Sashen Kimiyya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grande médailles |url=https://www.oceano.org/prix-et-medailles/laureat-medailles/ |access-date=2021-03-22 |publisher=Institut Océanographique, Fondation Albert 1er, Prince de Monaco}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, an zabi Le Quéré a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Corinne Le Quéré |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/corinne-le-quere-12881/ |access-date=2016-12-23 |publisher=Royal Society}}</ref> A cikin 2019, an nada Le Quéré [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) a cikin girmamawar ranar haihuwar 2019 don hidimomi ga kimiyyar canjin yanayi.<ref name="CBE">{{London Gazette|issue=62666|supp=y|page=B9|date=8 June 2019}}<cite class="citation magazine cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGazette62666">[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/62666/supplement/B9 "No. 62666"]. ''[[The London Gazette]]'' (Supplement). 8 June 2019. p.&nbsp;B9.</cite> [[Category:Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y|62666]]</ref> A cikin 2019, ta kuma lashe lambar yabo ta Prince Albert I kuma an sanya ta {{Lang|fr|Chevalier}} na Legion of Honour na Faransa. A cikin 2020, ta sami lambar yabo ta Heineken don Kimiyya ta Muhalli don bincikenta na hadin gwiwa game da hulɗar tsakanin canjin yanayi da sake zagayowar carbon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2020 |title=UEA professor wins international environmental sciences prize for climate change research |url=https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/-/uea-professor-wins-international-environmental-sciences-prize-for-climate-change-research |access-date=3 June 2020 |publisher=[[University of East Anglia]] |archive-date=8 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908044915/https://www.uea.ac.uk/about/-/uea-professor-wins-international-environmental-sciences-prize-for-climate-change-research |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2025, ta sami lambar yabo ta Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky Medal : Homepage |url=https://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/vladimir-ivanovich-vernadsky/2025/corinne-le-quere |access-date=2016-12-23 |publisher=European Geosciences Union}}</ref> na Tarayyar Geosciences ta Turai . An ba ta digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Utrecht (2023) da kuma daga Jami'an Montreal (2025). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l9b5fi8mgqa09uzw1te8lbmrppfps9a 0 144432 839598 806824 2026-05-24T07:36:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Desideria Giménez Moner''' (Bagüés, 4 August 1919-Jaca, 7 August 1936), known under the alias '''''La Cazoleta''''', was a Spanish republican activist murdered in the early months of the Spanish Civil War.<ref name="connombre">{{Cite web |title=Giménez Moner, Desideria – Con Nombre & Apellidos |url=https://connombreyapellidos.es/victima/gimenez-moner-desideria/ |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=es-ES |archive-date=2020-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711215000/https://connombreyapellidos.es/victima/gimenez-moner-desideria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She became a symbol of Jaca after leading a May Day march. The towns of Bagüés, Jaca and [[Zaragoza]] have streets named in her honour.<ref name="memoriaaragon">{{Cite web |last=Sánchez |first=Mercedes |date=2010-02-01 |title=Dignificaciones en Bagües |url=https://www.armharagon.com/dignificaciones-en-bagues/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Asociación por la Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica de Aragón |language=es}}</ref><ref name="express">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-07 |title=Sólo cuatro calles de Jaca (de 300) tienen nombre de mujer: una asignatura pendiente del callejero |url=https://jacetaniaexpress.com/solo-cuatro-calles-de-jaca-tienen-nombre-de-mujer/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=jacetaniaexpress.com |language=es}}</ref><ref name="heraldo">{{Cite web |title=Los vecinos de San José celebran el cambio de nombre de la calle '10 de agosto' |url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/zaragoza/2018/05/01/los-vecinos-san-jose-celebran-cambio-nombre-calle-agosto-1241490-2261126.html |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=heraldo.es |language=es}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Desideria a ƙaramin gari na Bagüés, a yankin Cinco Villas da ke [[Zaragoza]] . Mahaifinta, Juan José Giménez Artieda, ma'aikacin gini ne, mahaifiyarta kuma, Isabel Moner, 'yar asalin Catalonia ce. Lokacin da take ƙarama, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Jaca inda iyayenta ke gudanar da mashaya mai suna ''La Cazoleta,'' sunan da daga baya aka san ta da shi. <ref name="fpi">{{Cite web |date=2012-02-23 |title=Giménez Moner, Desideria |url=https://fpabloiglesias.es/entrada-db/11208_gimenez-moner-desideria/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Fundación Pablo Iglesias |language=es}}</ref> Ta kasance mai himma a Juventudes Socialistas Unificadas (JSU) kuma ta yi aiki tare da Socorro Rojo Internacional . <ref name="connombre"/> <ref name="fpi"/> A shekarar 1936, tana da shekaru 16, ta jagoranci zanga-zangar ranar Mayu, tana daga tutar ja, sannan mutane sama da 3000 suka biyo baya. <ref name="elcomun">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-17 |title=Desideria Giménez Moner: La flor de la rebeldía |url=https://elcomun.es/2021/11/17/desideria-gimenez-moner-la-flor-de-la-rebeldia/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=El Común |language=es}}</ref> <ref name="docmemorial">{{Cite web |date=2020-01-04 |title=DESIDERIA GIMÉNEZ MONER, REPUBLICANA, ASESINADA con 16 años por sicarios falangistas, por encabezar con una bandera roja el 1º de mayo de 1936 en Jaca |url=https://documentalismomemorialistayrepublicano.wordpress.com/2020/01/05/desideria-gimenez-moner-republicana-asesinada-con-16-anos-por-sicarios-falangistas-por-encabezar-con-una-bandera-roja-el-1o-de-mayo-de-1936-en-jaca/ |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=es-ES}}</ref> === Danniya da kisan kai === Da nasarar juyin mulkin da aka yi wa Jamhuriyar Biyu a shekarar 1936, an daure Giménez Moner saboda ayyukanta na adawa da mulkin kama karya. A ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1936, an kai ta daga gidan yarin tare da Pilar Vizcarra Calvo, wata mata mai juna biyu da aka tilasta wa Hermenegildo de Fustiñana da sauran 'yan daba su shaida kisan gillar da aka yi wa mijinta. [1] [2] An yi mata fyade aka kuma kashe ta ta hanyar harbi a ranar 7 ga Agusta, kwana uku bayan cikarta shekaru 17. [3] [4] An kashe Vizcarra Calvo tare da ita. [5] Daga baya a shekarar 1936, an kashe mahaifinta kuma aka binne su a kabari. [6] [7] An gano gawarwakin Desideria Giménez, mahaifinta da wasu mutane 312 a cikin wani kabari mai dauke da mutane (lamba ta 16) a makabartar Jaca. <ref name="massgrave">{{Cite web |title=Fosa común 16 - Jaca |url=http://www.sipca.es/censo/1-ARQ-HUE-001-130-054/Fosa/común/16.html&fosa |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=es}}</ref> == Girmamawa == * A watan Agusta na shekarar 1998, majalisar garin Bagüés ta sanya mata suna a titi, sannan kuma ta sanya wa [[Gerardo Ponz Pérez]], wanda aka haifa a yankin suna. <ref name="memoriaaragon"/> * A shekarar 2010 aka buɗe wani sassaka a sabon ɓangaren makabartar Jaca. Aikin mai zane na yankin Pablo Valdevira, yana girmama tunawa da ''jacetanos'' 417 da aka kashe tsakanin 1936 da 1942. <ref name="sculpture">{{Cite web |title=Escultura Urbana Zaragoza |url=https://www.esculturaurbanaaragon.com.es/pjaca24.htm |access-date=2020-07-12}}</ref> Garin kuma yana da titin da ake kira ''La Cazoleta'' . <ref name="express"/> * A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2016, Ƙungiyar Unguwa ta ''San José'' ta [[Zaragoza]] ta roƙi Shugaban Distrito de Barcelona da ya canza sunan titin ''Diez de Agosto'' (wanda aka yi bikin tunawa da yunƙurin juyin mulki na farko da aka yi wa Jamhuriya ta Biyu a 1931) zuwa Desideria Giménez Moner. A ranar Mayu 2018, an yi bikin girmamawa da tunawa da sabuwar titin mai suna ''Desideria Giménez Moner (La cazoleta)'' . <ref name="heraldo"/> <ref name="arainfo">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-02 |title=El Barrio de San José mantiene viva la memoria de Desideria Giménez Moner, asesinada por el fascismo en 1936 |url=https://arainfo.org/el-barrio-de-san-jose-mantiene-viva-la-memoria-de-desideria-gimenez-moner-asesinada-por-el-fascismo-en-1936/ |access-date=2020-07-12 |language=es}}</ref> * A Jaca, akwai wani babban dutse da ake kira "Monolith" don girmama ''La Cazoleta'' . <ref name="connombre"/> * Rayuwa da mutuwar Desideria ta zaburar da mawaƙiyar Gregório Olivan García don rubuta ''littafin Romance de la Cazoleta'', wanda masana falsafa na Faransa suka yi nazari a kai kuma aka haɗa shi cikin littattafai kan Yaƙin Basasa. <ref name="fpi"/> <ref name="periodicoaragon">{{Cite web |last=Asín |first=Nuria |date=2006-06-27 |title=Una joven que murió por su gran belleza |url=https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/noticias/la-cronica-de-ejea-y-sus-pueblos/joven-murio-gran-belleza_258618.html |access-date=2020-07-11 |website=El Periódico de Aragón |language=es}}</ref> <ref name="loconocido">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-04 |title=Desideria Giménez Moner "La Cazoleta". Reparación y justicia |url=https://sienteloconoido.es/desideria-gimenez-moner-la-cazoleta-reparacion-y-justicia/ |access-date=2020-07-12 |language=es}}</ref> An sanya wa ƙungiyar mata ta ''Asociación Desideria Giménez'' suna don girmama ta. <ref name="connombre" /> <ref name="femiagenda">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Asociación Feminista Desideria Giménez |url=https://femiagenda.org/portfolio/asociacion-feminista-desideria-gimenez/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=FemiAgenda |language=es}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1919]] 2ztb1cuxw4rxkxc2wx0xaz1fuorrvsf 0 144511 839605 807030 2026-05-24T07:46:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Detlev Blanke''' (30 ga Mayu 1941 - 20 ga Agusta 2016) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forpasis Detlev Blanke |url=http://www.liberafolio.org/arkivo/www.liberafolio.org/2016/forpasis-detlev-blanke.html |access-date=11 September 2017 |publisher=[[Libera Folio]] |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103185308/http://www.liberafolio.org/arkivo/www.liberafolio.org/2016/forpasis-detlev-blanke.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya kasance dan asalin Jamus. Ya kasance malami ne na Interlinguistics a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . Ya kasance daya daga cikin masanan ilimin [[Esperanto]] na Jamus kuma daga 1991 zuwa 2016 ya kasance shugaban Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik ("Interlinguistics Society") da kuma editan wasikar, Interlinguistische Informationen . Shi da matarsa, Wera Blanke, suna da sha'awar juyin halitta na harshe, musamman a ci gaban ƙamus don harshen da aka gina, Esperanto, da tambayoyin zamantakewar harshe. Blanke ya yi nazarin aikin Eugen Wüster game da ma'anar kasa da kasa da daidaitawa ta duniya. == Ayyukan ilimi == Bayan kammala karatunsa na farko a jami'a ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin [[Jamusanci]] da [[Labarin kasa|Yanayin ƙasa]]. Ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin a 1976 tare da rubutun sa kan kwatankwacin kalmomin Esperanto da Jamusanci. A shekara ta 1985 ya sami digiri na biyu daga Humboldt a kan Harsunan da aka gina. (A tsohuwar Gabashin Jamus irin wannan digiri na biyu an san shi da "dissertation B", wanda ya dace da mafi girman cancantar ilimi na "habilitation" da aka ba wa cikakken farfesa a kasashe da yawa na Turai.) A cikin 1988 jami'ar ta nada shi "Malami mai daraja na Interlinguistics". == Ayyukan Esperanto == Da yake ya fara koya wa kansa Esperanto a shekara ta 1957, daga baya ya zama sakatare (1968 zuwa 1990) na Centra Laborrondo de Esperanto-Amikoj ("Central Working Circle of Friends of Esperanto"), ƙungiyar da gwamnati ta amince da ita ta [[Cultural Association of the GDR|Ƙungiyar Al'adu]] ta [[East Germany|Gabashin Jamus]] (''Deutsche Kulturbund''). Bayan 1981 kungiyar ta zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar ƙungiyar Jamusanci ta Jamusanci (Esperanto-Asocio de GDR, GDREA). Daga 1970 zuwa 1990 Farfesa Blanke ya kasance editan jaridar waɗancan kungiyoyin, ''[[Der Esperantist]]'' . A cikin 1991 Esperantists na tsohuwar Gabashin Jamus sun haɗa kai da Ƙungiyar Esperanto ta Jamus (Germana Esperanto-Asocio) wacce a baya ta yi aiki ne kawai a [[Yammacin Jamus]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1941]] f875jdhesz6gxyn6eqw8jlm2ulx3zc2 0 144602 839338 812588 2026-05-23T13:43:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farfesa Carol L. Prives''' FRS ita ce Farfesa ta Da Costa a fannin kimiyyar halittu a Jami'ar Columbia . <ref name="aacrcanada.ca">{{Cite web |title=Carol L. Prives, PhD - AACR International |url=http://www.aacrcanada.ca/Pages/Carol-Prives-Bio.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223131606/http://www.aacrcanada.ca/Pages/Carol-Prives-Bio.aspx |archive-date=2016-12-23 |access-date=2016-12-22 |website=www.aacrcanada.ca}}</ref> An san ta da aikinta a cikin halayyar p53, wani muhimmin furotin mai hana kumburi wanda ke sauyawa akai-akai a cikin ciwon daji. Farfesa Prives ya kasance zaɓaɓɓen memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa (wanda aka zaba a shekara ta 2008). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carol L. Prives |url=https://www.nasonline.org/directory-entry/carol-l-prives-wemmi4/ |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=nasonline.org}}</ref> == Ilimi == Prives ta yi karatu a Kanada, ta sami BSc da PhD <ref>{{Cite web |last=Prives |first=Carole |others=C. (Supervisor) Sung |title=The biosynthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acis in Ehrlich ascites cells and the effect of colchicine thereon. |url=https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/8049g834t |access-date=2020-08-16 |website=escholarship.mcgill.ca |archive-date=2024-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120095919/https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/8049g834t |url-status=dead }}</ref> a 1966 <ref name="aacr">{{Cite web |title=Carol L. Prives, PhD |url=http://www.aacr.org:80/Membership/Pages/FellowDetailsNoModal.aspx?ItemID=154 |publisher=}}</ref> daga [[Jami'ar McGill]], tana gudanar da bincike a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Juda Hirsch Quastel . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2023 |title=Carol L. Prives Ph.D.: Executive Profile & Biography - Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=9778640&privcapId=121265 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> Ta bi postdoctoral fellowships a Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Albert Einstein da Cibiyar Weizmann a karkashin jagorancin Farfesa [[Professor Michel Revel|Michel Revel]] . bayan haka ta zama memba a Cibiyar Weizmann . <ref name="aacrcanada.ca"/> Ta sami digiri na Doctor of Sciences na girmamawa daga Jami'ar McGill, alma mater, a ranar 29 ga Mayu 2014 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga fahimtar p53.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2014 |title=14 individuals to receive honorary degree from McGill |url=https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/14-individuals-receive-honorary-degree-mcgill-235514 |access-date=2020-08-16 |website=McGill Newsroom: Institutional Communications |publisher=McGill University |language=en}}</ref> == Bincike da aiki == A shekara ta 1995, an nada ta a matsayin Farfesa na Da Costa na ilmin halitta a Jami'ar Columbia . <ref name="aacr"/> Ta kasance shugabar Sashen Kimiyya na Biological daga 2000 zuwa 2004. <ref name="weiz">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Carol Prives {{!}} International Board 2018 |url=https://www.weizmann.ac.il/conferences/InternationalBoard2018/prof-carol-prives |access-date=3 May 2019 |website=www.weizmann.ac.il}}</ref> Sha'awar da ta fara da Kwayar cutar ciwon daji ta SV40 a matsayin abin koyi don bayyana kwayar halitta ta eukaryotic da canjin oncogenic ya kai ta ga nazarin p53. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carol Prives |url=https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20011492.html |access-date=2020-08-16 |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref> Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980, dakin gwaje-gwaje ta mayar da hankali kan kwayar cutar p53, daya daga cikin wadanda ke sauya sau da yawa a cikin cututtukan daji na mutum. Prives ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayar cuta da Sashen Nazarin Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kwayar cutaa na Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Kasa. Ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Kimiyya na Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Kasa-Farber, Cibiyar Cibiyar Ci gaban Sloan Kettering, Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji na Massachusetts, Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon daji Ta Kasa, [1] da Cibiyar Weizmann. [2] Ta kasance memba na kwamitin daraktoci na Ƙungiyar Amurka don Binciken Ciwon daji daga 2004 zuwa 2007. Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin juri na Life Sciences don Kyautar Infosys a cikin 2010. Ita memba ce ta allon edita na Cell, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial board: Cell |url=https://www.cell.com/cell/editorial-board}}</ref> ''Oncogene'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Board - Oncogene |url=https://www.nature.com/onc/editors/editorial-board |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> da kuma Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . <ref>{{Cite web |title=PNAS Member Editor Details |url=https://nrc88.nas.edu/pnas_search/memberDetails.aspx?ctID=20011492 |access-date=3 May 2019 |website=nrc88.nas.edu}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 1996 NIH MERIT AwardKyautar NIH MERIT * 2000 Zaɓaɓɓen Fellow, Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka * 2001 Zaɓaɓɓen Fellow, Kwalejin Microbiology ta AmurkaKwalejin Kwalejin Microbiology ta Amurka * 2005 Zaɓaɓɓen memba, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya * 2008 Zababben memba, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carol Prives |url=https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20011492.html |website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref> * 2009 Rosalind E. Franklin Award for Women in Science, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-06 |title=Past Winners of the NCI Rosalind E. Franklin Award - National Cancer Institute |url=https://dceg.cancer.gov/fellowship-training/training-resources-for-fellows-and-staff/rosalind-franklin-award |access-date=2020-08-16 |website=dceg.cancer.gov |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=January 2026}}</ref> Cibiyar Ciwon daji ta Kasa * 2010 Kyautar Paul Janssen a cikin Biotechnology da Medicine, Cibiyar Ci gaban Biotech Technology da Medicine * 2011 AACR-Mata a cikin Binciken Ciwon daji Charlotte Friend Memorial Lectureship <ref name="aacr"/> * 2015 Zaɓaɓɓen Fellow, Kwalejin AACR <ref name="aacr" /> * 2020 Zaɓaɓɓen Fellow, The Royal Society <ref>{{Cite web |title=Carol Prives FRS, Royal Society |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/Carol-Prives-25386/}}</ref> * 2021 Mai karɓar AACR-G. Kyautar H.A. Clowes don Binciken Ciwon daji na Musamman == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 66y6ij3940ld39v9ln8i9vvra3kruyl 0 144609 839614 807284 2026-05-24T08:35:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Diene Keita 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Guinea kuma shugabar ci gaban duniya a yanzu haka tana aiki a matsayin Darakta Mai Kula da UNFPA,<ref>https://nawmagazine.com/?p=21701</ref> Asusun Kula da Yawan Jama'a na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Babban Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, [[António Guterres]], ya naɗa ta a wannan matsayin a watan Agusta na 2025, bayan ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Darakta Mai Kula da Shirye-shirye na UNFPA daga watan Yuni na 2020.<ref>https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2025-08-29/ms-diene-keita-of-guinea-executive-director-of-united-nations-population-fund</ref> Ita ce 'yar ƙasar [[Gini|Guinea]] ta farko da ta shugabanci wata hukumar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Keita a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 1964 a [[Gini|ƙasar Guinea]]. Tana da digirin digirgir a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Sorbonne da ke [[Faris|Paris]], inda ta kammala karatun digiri na uku. Tana kuma da digirin digirgir a fannin nazarin tattalin arziki da ci gaba na ƙasa da ƙasa daga Jami'ar Rene Descartes, Paris, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da tattalin arziki da zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Secretary-General Appoints Diene Keita of Guinea Deputy Executive Director for Programmes, United Nations Population Fund |url=https://press.un.org/en/2020/sga1965.doc.htm |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=UN Press |archive-date=2023-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230110930/https://press.un.org/en/2020/sga1965.doc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki == === Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya === Keita ta fara aikinta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] a shekarar 1990 tare da Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] a matsayin Jami'in Shirye-shirye, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban na jagoranci a matakin ƙasa, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Wakili ta UNDP da kuma Wakiliyar Riƙo na tsawon shekaru da dama. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 2006, ta kasance Wakilin UNDP a [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] da kuma [[Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Afirka ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan Afirka]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms. Diene Keita of Guinea - Deputy Executive Director, Programme, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) {{!}} United Nations Secretary-General |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2020-06-24/ms-diene-keita-of-guinea-deputy-executive-director-programme-united-nations-population-fund-(unfpa) |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.un.org}}</ref> === Asusun Yawan Jama'a na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya === Keita ta shiga UNFPA a shekarar 2006 a matsayin Wakiliya a [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], sannan ta yi aiki a muƙamai na wakilai a [[Benin]], [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Congo]] da [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-13 |title=UN Family in Nigeria Bids UNFPA Representative, Dr Diene Keita Farewell |url=https://nigeria.unfpa.org/en/news/un-family-nigeria-bids-unfpa-representative-dr-diene-keita-farewell |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=UNFPA Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, ta yi nasarar kula da wasu manyan shirye-shiryen UNFPA, ta faɗaɗa ƙawancen dabaru da kuma tattara muhimman albarkatu don tallafawa aiwatar da ayyukan UNFPA . Yayin da take aiki da UNFPA, Keita ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Zama [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] a [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Benin]] da [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Congo.]] Daga shekarar 2020 zuwa 2025, ta riƙe muƙamin Mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kuma Mataimakiyar Darakta Mai Gudanarwa a shirye-shirye. A cikin waɗannan muƙamai, ta kula da fayil ɗin shirye-shirye na duniya na UNFPA. === Ministar Haɗin Kan Ƙasashen Duniya da Haɗin Kan Afirka === Tsakanin shekarun 2018 da 2020, Keita ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Haɗin gwiwa da Haɗin Kan Afirka ta Guinea. <ref name="Le calame">{{Cite web |title=Madame Diené Keita, nommée ministre de la Coopération et de l'Intégration africaine en Guinée : Une battante récompensée {{!}} Le calame |url=http://lecalame.info/?q=node/7335 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=lecalame.info}}</ref> A wannan matsayin, ta tattara albarkatu daga abokan hulɗa na waje da na cikin gida, kuma ta ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Guinea da sauran ƙasashen Afirka, gami da ƙasashe membobin [[Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma|ECOWAS]]. Ta kuma yi nasarar gina haɗin gwiwa da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, inda ta tabbatar da cewa dukkan ayyukan cikin gida sun cika buƙatun Manufofin Ci Gaba Mai Ɗorewa da kuma Ajandar Tarayyar Afirka ta 2063, yayin da take bin manufofin ƙasa. Hakazalika, ta gina haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci tare da Bankin Duniya, tsarin [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], USAID, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Conakry |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2020-04-29 |title=United States and Guinea Sign Deal on Health and Economy |url=https://gn.usembassy.gov/united-states-and-guinea-sign-deal-on-health-and-economy/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=U.S. Embassy in Guinea |language=en-US}}</ref> Membobin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, gidauniyar masu zaman kansu kamar Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates da Asusun Duniya, da kuma kamfanoni na ƙasashen duniya. === Girmamawa da kyaututtuka === An bai wa Keita kyautar Kwamandan Order of National Merit, kyautar ƙasa ta Gwamnatin Mauritania. An <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">ba</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Kwamandan Dokar Kasa, wacce Jamhuriyar Benin ta ba ta. == Wallafe-wallafe == Keita ta rubuta littattafai guda uku tare: * Afirka da Manufofin Ci Gaban Ƙarni na 8: Matsayin Masu Ruwa da Tsaki na Ƙasa da Muhimmancinsu don cimma MDGs a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara. Economica, 2004. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * Afirka da Ƙalubalen Mulki. Kashi na 6: Muhimmancin Jinsi da Mulki - Maisonneuve – Larose, 2008. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * Shingayen Zamantakewa da Al'adu da ke hana yaɗuwar Tsarin Iyali da kuma inganta Lafiyar Mata a Benin – Espérance, 2014. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] soeiepng1r376vri6ngcijyfyyy44ni 0 144654 839427 826178 2026-05-23T18:21:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Churcher''' (an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba, 1954) 'yar siyasa ce a [[Ghana]]. Ta kasance 'yar majalisa a mazaɓar Cape Coast a yankin Tsakiyar Ghana a majalisa ta 2, ta 3, ta 4 da ta 5 a Jamhuriyar Ghana. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Churcher a ranar 21 ga watan Satumba, 1954. Ta halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Kwesi Plange wacce aka fi sani da Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Tunawa da Pere Planque da ke Cape Coast daga shekarun 1959 zuwa 1965. Tsakanin shekarun 1965 da 1972 ta halarci [[Makarantar Sakandare ta Mfantsiman|Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Mfanstiman]]. Tsakanin shekarun 1975 da 1978, Churcher ta yi karatun Turanci da tarihi a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] kuma ta kammala karatunta cikin nasara. Daga baya, Churcher ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Falsafa a fannin ilimin manya a Jami'ar Ghana. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Aiki == Churcher ƴar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Ghana. Ta riƙe muƙamai daban-daban na minista a ƙasar Ghana. Ta yi aiki a matsayin tsohuwar Ministar Muhalli da Kimiyya. <ref name="Online">{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Maame Dokono: I Stepped Down For Churcher |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201002/39136.php |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110221412/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201002/39136.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta [[Kamfanin Gas na Kasa na Ghana|Kamfanin Gas na Ghana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Board » Ghana National Gas Company Limited (Ghana Gas) |url=http://ghanagas.com.gh/board-of-directors |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=Ghana Gas}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-10 |title=Christine Churcher Heads Board |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/christine-churcher-heads-board/ |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=DailyGuide Network |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Ilimi ta Ƙasa. <ref name="Online" /> == Siyasa == Churcher ta wakilci mazaɓar Cape Coast a yankin Tsakiyar Ghana a majalisun dokoki na 2, 3 da 4 na jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana. === Zaɓe === An fara zaɓen Churcher a Majalisar Dokoki bisa ga zaɓen Jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party a lokacin zaɓen gama gari na Ghana na watan Disamba 1996 na Mazaɓar Cape Coast a Yankin Tsakiyar Ghana. Ta samu ƙuri'u 30,496 cikin ƙuri'u 56,428 masu inganci da aka jefa, wanda ya wakilci kashi 46.20% akan abokin hamayyarta S.Valis-Akyianu, ɗan jam'iyyar NDC wanda shi ma ya sami ƙuri'u 25,932. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results - Cape Coast South Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/central/72/index.php |access-date=2020-10-05 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111003500/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/central/72/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An zaɓi Churcher a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta uku a jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana a zaɓen gama gari na Ghana na mazaɓar Cape Coast ta Kudu a shekarar 2000 bisa ga jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party (NPP) da jimillar ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa na ƙuri'u 31,573, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 55.70% akan abokan hamayyarta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Parliament - Central Region Election 2000 Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/parliament/central/index.php |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2022-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821181454/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/parliament/central/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kuma zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta huɗu a jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana a zaɓen gama gari na Ghana na shekarar 2004. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Cape Coast South Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/central/72/index.php |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111003617/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/central/72/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta haka ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar majalisa a mazaɓar Cape Coast daga 7 ga watan Janairu 2005 zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Janairu 2009. An zaɓe ta da ƙuri'u 36,264 daga cikin ƙuri'u 70,866 da aka jefa. Wannan ya yi daidai da kashi 51.2% na ƙuri'un da aka jefa. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> An zaɓe ta a kan MacDonald Konns Tongo na Babban Taron Jama'a, Ebo Barton-Odro na National Democratic Congress da Araba Bentsi-Enchill Safohen na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party. Waɗannan sun sami kashi 0.8%, 44.5% da 3.5% bi da bi na jimillar ƙuri'un da aka jefa. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":1" /> An zaɓi Churcher a matsayin wacce zata yi takarar Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party. <ref name=":2" /> Mazaɓar ta wani ɓangare ne na mazaɓu 16 da Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta lashe a yankin Tsakiya a wannan zaɓen. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Central Region |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/central/index.php |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428070731/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/central/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> A duka, Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta lashe jimillar kujerun majalisa 128 a majalisar dokoki ta 4 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-10 |title=Statistics of Presidential and Parliamentary Election Results |url=https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/ |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=Fact Check Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> === Naɗin jakadu === A shekarar 2021, Churcher ta zama jakadiyar Ghana a Jamhuriyar Benin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=DIPLOMATS: Fmr. GTV Newscaster Francisca, Hajia Alima, Christine Churcher, Others Off To Take Their Duty Post |url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202106/445941.php |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Peacefmonline - Ghana news }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin 'yan siyasar Ghana == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] q7xmsmvz0nvlxwjeursztwkcjtnh9ik 0 145064 839402 808622 2026-05-23T16:41:41Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba''' (Wanda aka fi sani da '''Chioma Rosemary Madumere''' ) [[Marubuci|marubuciya ce 'yar Najeriya]], mawallafiya, 'yar kasuwa, kuma ƙwararriyar mai fasaha. Ita ce ta mamallakiya kuma babbar jami'a a fannoni da dama na wallafe-wallafe, bugu, kafofin watsa labarai, da ayyukan kirkire-kirkire, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Jihar Imo daga 2017 zuwa 2019 bayan aurenta da Yarima Ezeakonobi (Eze) Madumere . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=Madumere picks former beauty queen as new wife – The Guardian Nigeria News |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/madumere-picks-former-beauty-queen-as-new-wife/ |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba a Jos, Jihar Plateau, kuma ta fito daga Eluama a karamar Hukumar Isuikwuato ta Jihar Abia. Ta sami digirin farko a fannin Turanci da Adabi daga Jami'ar Jihar Abia da ke Uturu, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Majalisa daga Jami'ar Benin. An ajiye takardar digirin ilimi a ma'ajiyar Cibiyar Nazarin Dokoki da Dimokuradiyya ta Ƙasa (sunan marubuci Onyekaba, Chioma Rosemary) kan dangantakar zartarwa da 'yan majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Study of Legislative-Executive Relations in Nigeria, 8th National Assembly |url=https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/951 |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=Nilds |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma kammala horo na ƙwararru a fannin kula da harkokin yawon buɗe ido da kuma kula da ayyukan tafiye-tafiye ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da suka shafi IATA. Ta kammala horo a fannin tafiye-tafiye da kuma harkokin sufurin jiragen sama kuma an jera ta a cikin bayanan ƙwararru tare da bayar da kyaututtuka da kuma fifiko daga shirye-shiryen horar da IATA. == Sana'a == Onyekaba ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na rubutu, wallafe-wallafe, bugawa, tallan kaya, samar da kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma gudanar da kasuwanci. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma babbar darakta/Shugaba ta Beauty & Brains Foundation Printing Press Nig. Ltd. (BBF Printing Press) kuma ita ce wadda ta kafa ko kuma babbar shugabar kamfanoni da dama, ciki har da Cromstar Nig. Ltd., Cromstar Studio, Crombooks Store, All Times Global Magazine, Chioma's Literary Services, BBF Graphics, BBF Fashion, BBF Beauty Lounge, BBF E‑Shop, BBF Food and Snacks, Chirose Illustrations, ChitheRealtor, da BBF Travels and Tours Ltd. Waɗannan kamfanoni suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bugawa, ayyukan ƙirƙira, tallan kaya, tafiye-tafiye, da salon rayuwa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mawallafiya kuma babbar edita na ''All Times Global Magazine'' kuma tana ba da ayyukan adabi, gyarawa, da kuma samar da littattafai ta hanyar Chioma's Literary Services. Onyekaba tana rubuta waƙoƙi, almara, da kuma labaran da ba na almara ba; aikinta sau da yawa yana bincika dangantaka, juriya, da kuma gaskiyar zamantakewa. === Uwargidan Gwamnan Jihar Imo === Bayan aurenta da Yarima Ezeakonobi Madumere, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamnan Jihar Imo, Onyekaba ta hau kan muƙamin da aka fi sani da Uwargidan Mata ta Jihar Imo a lokacin tsakanin 2017 zuwa 2019. An ruwaito aurenta da bayyanarta a bainar jama'a a kafafen yada labarai na ƙasa da na yanki. [1] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Onyekaba ta auri Yarima Ezeakonobi Madumere a shekarar 2017; kafafen yada labarai na ƙasa sun yi ta yada labarin auren. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya. Rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai sun sanar da haihuwar 'ya mace bayan auren. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=Madumere picks former beauty queen as new wife – The Guardian Nigeria News |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/madumere-picks-former-beauty-queen-as-new-wife/ |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/madumere-picks-former-beauty-queen-as-new-wife/ "Madumere picks former beauty queen as new wife – The Guardian Nigeria News"]. ''The Guardian''. 17 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=Princess Chioma Madumere And Hubby Welcome Their First Baby, The Nigerian Voice, 17 November 2017 |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/259923/exclusive-princess-chioma-madumere-and-hubby-welcome-their.html |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=The Nigerian Voice |language=en-US}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka == * Tare da Kowane Fiber a Cikina (waƙoƙi), Haɗin Littattafan Afirka, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=With Every Fiber in Me – Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba – Google Books |url=https://books.google.com.ng/books/about/With_Every_Fiber_in_Me.html?id=7140EQAAQBAJ |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=[[Google Books]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * Mata Suna Yin Ranaku Masu Ruwa, Kaji Masu Rage Ranaku Masu Kyau (an sanya taken a cikin jerin layi). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wives Are For Rainy Days Side Chicks Are For Best Days by Chioma Madumere |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/655350890/Wives-Are-for-Rainy-Days-Side-Chicks-Are-for-Best-Days-by-Chioma-Madumere |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=[[Scribd]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * Sauran taken da aka danganta mata a cikin bayanan mawallafa da marubuta sun haɗa da Silent Tears, Wellspring of Emotions, More Serious than Tears, da kuma August Lust. == Duba kuma == * Jerin matan shugabannin jihohin Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] luw1afu2rkuglyavwldmr46salsom2r 839420 839402 2026-05-23T17:21:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba''' (Wanda aka fi sani da '''Chioma Rosemary Madumere''' ) [[Marubuci|marubuciya ce 'yar Najeriya]], mawallafiya, 'yar kasuwa, kuma ƙwararriyar mai fasaha. Ita ce ta mamallakiya kuma babbar jami'a a fannoni da dama na wallafe-wallafe, bugu, kafofin watsa labarai, da ayyukan kirkire-kirkire, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Jihar Imo daga 2017 zuwa 2019 bayan aurenta da Yarima Ezeakonobi (Eze) Madumere . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=Madumere picks former beauty queen as new wife – The Guardian Nigeria News |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/madumere-picks-former-beauty-queen-as-new-wife/ |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=The Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba a Jos, Jihar Plateau, kuma ta fito daga Eluama a karamar Hukumar Isuikwuato ta Jihar Abia. Ta sami digirin farko a fannin Turanci da Adabi daga Jami'ar Jihar Abia da ke Uturu, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Majalisa daga Jami'ar Benin. An ajiye takardar digirin ilimi a ma'ajiyar Cibiyar Nazarin Dokoki da Dimokuradiyya ta Ƙasa (sunan marubuci Onyekaba, Chioma Rosemary) kan dangantakar zartarwa da 'yan majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Study of Legislative-Executive Relations in Nigeria, 8th National Assembly |url=https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/951 |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=Nilds |language=en-US |archive-date=6 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906132207/https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/951 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma kammala horo na ƙwararru a fannin kula da harkokin yawon buɗe ido da kuma kula da ayyukan tafiye-tafiye ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da suka shafi IATA. Ta kammala horo a fannin tafiye-tafiye da kuma harkokin sufurin jiragen sama kuma an jera ta a cikin bayanan ƙwararru tare da bayar da kyaututtuka da kuma fifiko daga shirye-shiryen horar da IATA. == Sana'a == Onyekaba ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban na rubutu, wallafe-wallafe, bugawa, tallan kaya, samar da kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma gudanar da kasuwanci. Ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma babbar darakta/Shugaba ta Beauty & Brains Foundation Printing Press Nig. Ltd. (BBF Printing Press) kuma ita ce wadda ta kafa ko kuma babbar shugabar kamfanoni da dama, ciki har da Cromstar Nig. Ltd., Cromstar Studio, Crombooks Store, All Times Global Magazine, Chioma's Literary Services, BBF Graphics, BBF Fashion, BBF Beauty Lounge, BBF E‑Shop, BBF Food and Snacks, Chirose Illustrations, ChitheRealtor, da BBF Travels and Tours Ltd. Waɗannan kamfanoni suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bugawa, ayyukan ƙirƙira, tallan kaya, tafiye-tafiye, da salon rayuwa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mawallafiya kuma babbar edita na ''All Times Global Magazine'' kuma tana ba da ayyukan adabi, gyarawa, da kuma samar da littattafai ta hanyar Chioma's Literary Services. Onyekaba tana rubuta waƙoƙi, almara, da kuma labaran da ba na almara ba; aikinta sau da yawa yana bincika dangantaka, juriya, da kuma gaskiyar zamantakewa. === Uwargidan Gwamnan Jihar Imo === Bayan aurenta da Yarima Ezeakonobi Madumere, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Gwamnan Jihar Imo, Onyekaba ta hau kan muƙamin da aka fi sani da Uwargidan Mata ta Jihar Imo a lokacin tsakanin 2017 zuwa 2019. An ruwaito aurenta da bayyanarta a bainar jama'a a kafafen yada labarai na ƙasa da na yanki. [1] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Onyekaba ta auri Yarima Ezeakonobi Madumere a shekarar 2017; kafafen yada labarai na ƙasa sun yi ta yada labarin auren. Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya. Rahotannin kafofin watsa labarai sun sanar da haihuwar 'ya mace bayan auren. <ref name="auto"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=Princess Chioma Madumere And Hubby Welcome Their First Baby, The Nigerian Voice, 17 November 2017 |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/259923/exclusive-princess-chioma-madumere-and-hubby-welcome-their.html |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=The Nigerian Voice |language=en-US}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka == * Tare da Kowane Fiber a Cikina (waƙoƙi), Haɗin Littattafan Afirka, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=With Every Fiber in Me – Chioma Rosemary Onyekaba – Google Books |url=https://books.google.com.ng/books/about/With_Every_Fiber_in_Me.html?id=7140EQAAQBAJ |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=[[Google Books]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * Mata Suna Yin Ranaku Masu Ruwa, Kaji Masu Rage Ranaku Masu Kyau (an sanya taken a cikin jerin layi). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wives Are For Rainy Days Side Chicks Are For Best Days by Chioma Madumere |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/655350890/Wives-Are-for-Rainy-Days-Side-Chicks-Are-for-Best-Days-by-Chioma-Madumere |access-date=9 February 2026 |website=[[Scribd]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * Sauran taken da aka danganta mata a cikin bayanan mawallafa da marubuta sun haɗa da Silent Tears, Wellspring of Emotions, More Serious than Tears, da kuma August Lust. == Duba kuma == * Jerin matan shugabannin jihohin Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 2emhsr028j2ei99gkq235i7hmx5vqyu 0 145067 839547 808631 2026-05-24T01:46:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cécile Bozanga''' ( née '''Koyaga'''; an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu 1951) 'yar siyasa ce kuma ma'aikaciyar banki a Afirka ta Tsakiya wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan kasafin kuɗi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin David Dacko. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[Bangui]] a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairu, 1951, Koyaga ta yi karatun kimiyya a [[Jami'ar Bangui]]. Bayan kammala karatunta daga jami'a, ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Kuɗi sannan daga baya ta zama mai duba haraji. Dacko ya naɗa Bozanga a matsayin Mataimakiyar Ministan Kasafin Kuɗi a ranar 4 ga watan Afrilu, 1981. A lokacin gwamnatin Kolingba, ta sake yin aiki a matsayin mai duba haraji sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Bankin Ajiye Kuɗi na Afirka ta Tsakiya (BNCD). A shekarar 1996, an naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa na Kamfanin Haɗin Gwiwa na Jihohin Membobi na Taron Ƙasashen Afirka kan Kasuwannin Inshora. Koyaga ta auri Simon Narcisse Bozanga a Bangui a watan Agusta a shekarar 1999. A ranar 6 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2003, Bozize ya naɗa Bozanga a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta janar na ayyukan kadarori da haraji na Ma'aikatar Kuɗi. Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktan bankin Ecobank daga shekarun 2008 zuwa 2010 a Bangui. Bugu da ƙari, ta kuma zama memba na kwamitin ministoci na haɓaka dabarun wakiltar Ministan Kuɗi da Kasafin Kuɗi a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fandos-Rius |first=Juan |title=Women in the Central African Republic |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-546?p=emailAUIvelu.1.KAM&d=/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-546 |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=oxfordre.com |publisher=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mijinta, Simon Narcisse Bozanga, an ruwaito cewa ta shigar da ƙara a Babbar Kotun Bangui a kan ƙaramin ɗanta, Georges Simon Bozanga, don gadon da Simon Bozanga ya bari a watan Disamba a shekarar 2012. Duk da haka, ba ta bayyana a lokacin zaman kotun a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na 2012 ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Centrafrique Presse |first=Centrafrique Presse |title=Querelle pour la succession de feu Simon Narcisse Bozanga: Sa fille aînée s'indigne...! |url=https://centrafrique-presse.over-blog.com/article-querelle-pour-la-succession-de-feu-simon-narcisse-bozanga-sa-fille-ainee-s-indigne-113595512.html |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=centrafrique-presse.over-blog.com |publisher=Centrafrique Presse}}</ref> Djotodia ya naɗa Bozanga a matsayin memba na Babban Sashen Kula da Kuɗi da Shugabannin Ayyuka a ranar 12 ga watan Yuni 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ACAP |first=ACAP |title=Nomination des membres de l’Inspection Générale des Finances et des Responsables des Services |url=https://www.acap.cf/Nomination-des-membres-de-l-Inspection-Generale-des-Finances-et-des-Responsables-des-Services_a5338.html |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=acap.cf |publisher=Agence Centrafrique Presse |archive-date=8 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608000951/https://www.acap.cf/Nomination-des-membres-de-l-Inspection-Generale-des-Finances-et-des-Responsables-des-Services_a5338.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan watanni shida, Djotodia ta zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ƙasa (ANE) na wa'adin shekaru bakwai a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndeke Luka |first=Ndeke Luka |title=Centrafrique : Les élections se précisent |url=https://www.radiondekeluka.org/18261-centrafrique-les-elections-se-precisent |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=radiondekeluka.org |publisher=Radio Ndeke Luka}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta 2021, Bozaga ta zama memba na Archbishop na Roman Catholic na Bangi's Economic Affairs. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosseavo |first=Arsène-Jonathan |title=Archidiocèse de Bangui : Décret portant mouvement général |url=https://oubanguimedias.com/2021/08/09/archidiocese-de-bangui-decret-portant-mouvement-general/ |access-date=12 February 2025 |website=oubanguimedias.com |publisher=Oubangui Medias}}</ref> == Aiki == * Boubande, M. Paul; Boue, M. Raphaël; Bozanga, Cécile (2008) ''Coûts da kuma tsarin kuɗi'' a cikin Bankin Duniya, Bankin Duniya ''da tsarin ilimi Centrafricain : contraintes et marges de maneuver pour la reconstruction du systeme educatif dans la irisi de la rage de la pauvrete''. Washington DC == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n2oc0etzpr2pundgb9gsbeq1c2zrjbo 0 145148 839394 808831 2026-05-23T16:28:22Z Naja'atu Bintoo Usman 22641 839394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kelechi Ndukaba''' 'Yar wasan volleyball ce ta [[Najeriya]] wacce ke buga wa Neja Ravens a matakin tawagar kuma tana wakiltar tawagar volleyball ta mata ta Najeriya a matakin kasa.<ref name="Peoples Gazette Nigeria 2023 h112">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-02 |title=Volleyball: Nigeria girls head to Niamey for African Zone 3 Championship |url=https://gazettengr.com/volleyball-nigeria-girls-head-to-niamey-for-african-zone-3-championship/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Peoples Gazette Nigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okonta |first=Dumnodi |date=2023 |title=Nigeria Unveils Squad For 2023 African Women's Championship |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/08/14/nigeria-unveils-squad-for-2023-african-womens-championship/ |website=channelstv.com}}</ref> An ba ta suna mai suna 2022 Most Valuable Player (MVP) a gasar Firimiya ta Volleyball ta [[Najeriya]], ita ma kyaftin din tawagar mata ta Najeriya U21.<ref name="III 2023 i536">{{Cite web |last=III |first=Admin |date=2023-07-01 |title=NVBF lists 12 players for U-21 Volleyball Nations Cup |url=https://blueprint.ng/nvbf-lists-12-players-for-u-21-volleyball-nations-cup/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited}}</ref><ref name="Benjamin 2023 o289">{{Cite web |last=Benjamin |first=Isaiah |date=2023-07-03 |title=Volleyball Zone 3 Competition: Nigeria U-21 Girls Depart For Niger In High Spirit |url=https://leadership.ng/volleyball-zone-3-competition-nigeria-u-21-girls-depart-for-niger-in-high-spirit/ |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Leadership News}}</ref> == Ayyuka == An kira Kelechi dan wasa mafi mahimmanci a lokacin gasar Firimiya ta [[Najeriya]] ta 2022. A cikin 2023, an kira Kelechi Mafi Kyawun Dan wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Volleyball ta [[Afirka]] ta U21 ta 2023 (Zone 3) inda ta lashe maki bakwai a jere wanda ya sanya Najeriya a nasarar 14 zuwa 3 a kan [[Ghana]]. [1] [2][3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sj6j0apssh25ra0sop34e0oca1g1888 0 145337 839603 826371 2026-05-24T07:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Destinée Hermella Doukaga''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1983) 'yar siyasa ce, marubuciya, kuma matukiyar jirgi a [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Congo]]. Ita ce shugabar jam'iyyar [[Patriotic Front (Republic of the Congo)|Patriotic Front]] kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar matasa da ilimin jama'a daga shekarun 2016 zuwa 2021, sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin ministar yawon buɗe ido daga shekarun 2021 zuwa 2022. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Doukaga a shekarar 1983 a Dolisie, babban birnin sashen Niari na Jamhuriyar Congo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Boukaka |first=Bertrand |date=2016-05-04 |title=Jeune pour jeunes, Destinée Ermela Doukaga pilotera la Jeunesse et l'instruction civique |url=https://lesechos-congobrazza.com/politique/1082-jeune-pour-jeunes-destinee-ermela-doukaga-pilotera-jeunesse-et-de-l-instruction-civique |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627232359/http://lesechos-congobrazza.com/politique/1082-jeune-pour-jeunes-destinee-ermela-doukaga-pilotera-jeunesse-et-de-l-instruction-civique |archive-date=2017-06-27 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Les Echos du Congo Brazzaville |language=fr-fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=PA |first=Publié par |date= |title=Destinée Doukaga, femme de demain |url=https://fondationsounga.org/destinee-doukaga-femme-de-demain/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Fondation Sounga |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Yarinta ta kasance cikin rashin mahaifinta da kuma mutuwar mahaifiyarta da wuri. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kongo |first=Ralphanie Mwana |date=March 2015 |title=Destinée Doukaga: Une plume intimiste et touchante |url=https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/AMINAdoukaga15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301151632/http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/AMINAdoukaga15.html |archive-date=2017-03-01 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Amina |language=fr}}</ref> Ana rubuta sunanta wani lokaci Destinée Armelia Doukaga ko Destinée Ermela Doukaga. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-09-16 |title=Le Congo, le Japon et le PNUD s'engagent pour la formation des jeunes pour prévenir de la radicalisation |url=https://www.cg.undp.org/content/congo/fr/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2016/09/16/le-congo-le-japon-et-le-pnud-s-engagent-pour-la-formation-des-jeunes-pour-pr-venir-de-la-radicalisation-.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Le PNUD en République du Congo |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An horar da Doukaga a matsayin matukiyar jirgi, bayan ta koyi tukin jirgi a [[Beljik|Belgium]] bayan ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin injiniyanci daga [[Jami'ar Marien Ngouabi]]. <ref name=":0"/> Ta yi aiki a matsayin makaniki na Dassault Mirage F1, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Pambou |first=Diane Brègie |date=2019-03-31 |title=Présentation du livre &quot; Moi, président! &quot; de Destinée Hermella Doukaga |url=http://labreveoffice.over-blog.com/2019/03/presentation-du-livre-moi-president-de-destinee-hermella-doukaga.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=La Brève Online |language=fr}}</ref> sannan ta yi aiki a matsayin matukiyar jirgi na ƙwararru. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=MOI, PRÉSIDENT ! |url=https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index_harmattan.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&no=62289&razSqlClone=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926091739/https://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index_harmattan.asp?navig=catalogue&obj=livre&razSqlClone=1&no=62289 |archive-date=2022-09-26 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=L'Harmattan |language=fr |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan ta shiga siyasa, ta koma makaranta tana koyon karatu daga nesa, tana karatun harkokin gwamnati a Jami'ar Poitiers da ke Faransa. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Girard |first=Henry |date=2019-03-04 |title=Congo : la ministre de la Jeunesse a bien obtenu ses diplômes à Poitiers |url=https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/vienne/congo-la-ministre-de-la-jeunesse-a-bien-obtenu-ses-diplomes-a-poitiers |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=La Nouvelle République |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Doukaga ita ce shugaba ta [[Patriotic Front (Republic of the Congo)|ƙungiyar Patriotic Front]] (''Front Patriotic'', wacce aka rubuta a takaice FP), jam'iyyar da ta kafa a watan Disamba a 2015. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Oko |first=Lydie Gisèle |date=2019-01-28 |title=Vie des partis : le Front patriotique annonce la tenue de son premier congrès cette année |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/vie-des-partis-le-front-patriotique-annonce-la-tenue-de-son-premier-congres-cette-annee |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128215140/http://www.adiac-congo.com/content/vie-des-partis-le-front-patriotique-annonce-la-tenue-de-son-premier-congres-cette-annee |archive-date=2019-01-28 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Oye |first=Firmin |date=2017-03-21 |title=Vie des partis : le Front patriotique signe un accord avec six associations |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/vie-des-partis-le-front-patriotique-signe-un-accord-avec-six-associations-63211 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419214524/http://adiac-congo.com/content/vie-des-partis-le-front-patriotique-signe-un-accord-avec-six-associations-63211 |archive-date=2017-04-19 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Oye |first=Firmin |date=2017-03-21 |title=Vie des partis : le Front patriotique édifie les femmes sur leur rôle dans la Marche vers le développement |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/vie-des-partis-le-front-patriotique-edifie-les-femmes-sur-leur-role-dans-la-marche-vers-le |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322184542/http://www.adiac-congo.com/content/vie-des-partis-le-front-patriotique-edifie-les-femmes-sur-leur-role-dans-la-marche-vers-le |archive-date=2017-03-22 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale |language=fr}}</ref> Jam'iyyar tana da alaƙa da rinjayen shugaban ƙasa na Denis Sassou Nguesso da jam'iyyarsa ta Labour ta Congo. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-09 |title=Congo: le PCT de Ngolo et le FP de Doukaga, main dans la main pour les futures batailles |url=http://icibrazza.com/congo-le-pct-de-ngolo-et-le-fp-de-doukaga-main-dans-la-main-pour-les-futures-batailles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018193650/http://icibrazza.com:80/congo-le-pct-de-ngolo-et-le-fp-de-doukaga-main-dans-la-main-pour-les-futures-batailles/ |archive-date=2019-10-18 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Ici Brazza |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce kare ƙa'idodin jam'iyyar Republican da kuma gina "ƙasar Congo mai ƙarfi." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-28 |title=Congo-Brazzaville: Front patriotique - Éric Mouckouyou élu président de la fédération France-Europe |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201908280839.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829182401/https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201908280839.html |archive-date=2019-08-29 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Les Dépêches de Brazzaville |language=fr}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2016, an naɗa ta a matsayin ministar matasa da ilimin jama'a ta Jamhuriyar Congo. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":4"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngombé |first=Roger |date=2016-05-02 |title=Portrait de la ministre Destinée Ermela Doukaga |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/portrait-de-la-ministre-destinee-ermela-doukaga-50200 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506071707/http://adiac-congo.com:80/content/portrait-de-la-ministre-destinee-ermela-doukaga-50200 |archive-date=2016-05-06 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale |language=fr}}</ref> Lokacin da aka zaɓe ta a matsayin ministar matasa da ilimin jama'a a Jamhuriyar Congo tana da shekaru 33, ta zama ƙaramar ministar gwamnatin ƙasar a lokacin. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan sake zaɓen Sassou Nguesso, a watan Mayun 2021, an mayar da ita ministar yawon buɗe ido da nishaɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okokana |first=Bruno |date=2021-05-24 |title=Tourisme et loisirs : Destinée Hermella Doukaga invite le personnel à la vertu du travail |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/tourisme-et-loisirs-destinee-hermella-doukaga-invite-le-personnel-la-vertu-du-travail-127189 |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale |language=fr}}</ref> Lokacin da aka sake zaɓen jam'iyya mai mulki a shekara ta 2022, ta miƙa wannan mukamin ga Lydie Pongault a watan Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=Congo-B: le PCT, vainqueur des législatives, garde la main haute sur le Parlement |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20220817-congo-b-le-pct-vainqueur-des-l%C3%A9gislatives-garde-la-main-haute-sur-le-parlement |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-27 |title=Tourisme et loisirs : Destinée Doukaga passe le témoin à Lydie Pongault |url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/tourisme-et-loisirs-destinee-doukaga-passe-le-temoin-lydie-pongault-141546 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=Agence d'Information d'Afrique Centrale |language=fr}}</ref> Doukaga kuma tana wakiltar gundumar Nyanga a Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Destinée Hermella DOUKAGA |url=https://gouvernement.cg/institutions/membres-du-gouvernement/destinee-hermella-doukaga/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120142824/https://gouvernement.cg/institutions/membres-du-gouvernement/destinee-hermella-doukaga/ |archive-date=2021-01-20 |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=GOUVERNEMENT.cg |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ta kasance mamba, tun daga shekarar 2008, a cikin [[Taron Mata Masu Ilimi na Afirka|Dandalin Malaman Mata na Afirka]], kuma ta yi aiki don haɓaka rawar da mata ke takawa wajen ci gaba. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":5"/> == Rubutu == Doukaga ita ma marubuciya ce ta littattafai da dama, wacce ta yi niyya ga masu sauraro 'yan ƙasar Congo. <ref name=":0"/> An buga littafinta na farko, ''Mon labyrinthe'', a shekarar 2014. Littafin tarihin rayuwarta ne game da gwagwarmayar da wata yarinya marainiya ke yi don rayuwa. <ref name=":1"/> Ayyukan da suka biyo baya sun haɗa ''da Hero dans mes veines'', ''Terre battue'', da ''Chant du coeur.'' <ref name=":2"/> An buga sabon littafinta, tarin gajerun labarai ''na Moi, Shugaban ƙasa'', a shekarar 2019. <ref name=":2"/> == Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka == * ''Mon labyrinthe,'' Editions Édilivre'','' 2014. * ''Héros dans mes veines'', Editions Édilivre, 2014. * ''Terre battue'', {{Interlanguage link|Éditions du Panthéon|fr|}}, 2015. * ''Chants du cœur'', L'Harmattan, 2016. * ''Moi, Shugaban kasa'', L'Harmattan, 2019. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0b5ifd9ouaxtlxaiqvxofligm3isoc2 0 146072 839581 811557 2026-05-24T06:20:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dawn Seymour''' (1 ga Yuli, 1917 - 18 ga Yuli, 2017) matukin jirgi ne ɗan Amurka kuma memba na Mata Matukin jirgin sama a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherwood |first=Julie |title=Trailblazing World War II pilot Dawn Seymour dies at Canandaigua Lake home |url=http://www.mpnnow.com/news/20170723/trailblazing-world-war-ii-pilot-dawn-seymour-dies-at-canandaigua-lake-home |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=MPNnow |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya za ta yi fafutukar neman matsayin soja ga Mata Matukin jirgin sama, tare da ƙarfafa gwiwar a yaba da gudummawar da suka bayar ga yaƙin a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Seymour a Rochester, New York a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1917. Ita ce mace ta farko da aka karɓe ta a Shirin Horar da Matuƙan Jirgin Sama a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherwood |first=Julie |title=Trailblazing World War II pilot Dawn Seymour dies at Canandaigua Lake home |url=http://www.mpnnow.com/news/20170723/trailblazing-world-war-ii-pilot-dawn-seymour-dies-at-canandaigua-lake-home |website=MPNnow |publisher=}}</ref> A shekarar 1939, ta sami digirin farko daga Cornell. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ezra Update: Dawn Seymour '39 took to the skies during WWII |url=https://ezramagazine.cornell.edu/Update/Nov14/EU.Dawn.Seymour.html |website=ezramagazine.cornell.edu}}</ref> == A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu == A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Seymour ta kasance Matukin Jirgin Sama na Mata, ko WASP a Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Buckingham da ke Florida. [1] [2] == Rayuwa daga baya == Ta yi fafutukar neman matsayin soja ga Matan Jiragen Sama. == Daraja == An yi bikin cikarta shekaru 100 a bikin bude taron shekara-shekara na Women in Aviation International na shekarar 2017. == Littattafai == * Seymour, Dawn, Clarice I. Bergemann, Jeanette J. Jenkins, da Mary Ellen Keil. ''Mata matukan jirgin sama na rundunar sojin sama, Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu: A cikin Memoriam : Matan Jiragen Sama na Amurka 38 Sun Ba da Rayuwarsu a Lokacin Aiki Tare da Sojojin Sama na Amurka 1942-1943-1944'' . Denton, Texas: Texas Woman's University Press, 1996. == Mutuwa da gado == Ta mutu tana da shekaru 100 a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawn Seymour Obituary, S. Bristol, NY {{!}} Johnson-Kennedy Funeral Home, Inc., Canandaigua, East Bloomfield, New York |url=http://www.johnsonkennedy.com/obituary/Dawn-Rochow-Seymour/S.-Bristol-NY/1741646 |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=www.johnsonkennedy.com |archive-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007022039/http://www.johnsonkennedy.com/obituary/Dawn-Rochow-Seymour/S.-Bristol-NY/1741646 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2017 |title=Female World War II pilot recently honored at air show dies at 100 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dawn-seymour-female-world-war-ii-pilot-dies-at-100/ |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=KUCKO |first=JOHN |date=20 July 2017 |title=Remembering WWII veteran Dawn Seymour |url=http://www.rochesterfirst.com/news/local-news/remembering-wwii-veteran-dawn-seymour/770429950 |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=ROCHESTERFIRST}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawn (Rochow) Seymour's Obituary on Rochester Democrat And Chronicle |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/democratandchronicle/obituary.aspx?pid=186136880 |access-date=6 October 2017 |website=Rochester Democrat And Chronicle}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2017]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] 92mrwbhy9ubnw607awgawnkhdxdoqcv 0 146194 839428 811860 2026-05-23T18:22:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dokta '''Christine E. Haycock''' (Janairu 7, 1924{{Spaced en dash}} Janairu 23, 2008) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma likitan fiɗa ta Amurka wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin Kanar a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka, kuma farfesa a fannin tiyata da kuma Daraktan Ayyukan Gaggawa a Makarantar Likitanci ta New Jersey . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christine E. Haycock, MD |url=https://www.amwa-doc.org/faces/christine-e-haycock-md/}}</ref> == Bayani da ilimi == An haife Haycock a Mount Vernon, New York, kuma ta girma a Richmond, Virginia, da kuma Nutley, New Jersey, inda ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Nutley . Ta halarci Makarantar Kula da Jinya ta Asibitin Presbyterian kuma ta sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar Chicago . Ta yi aiki a Rundunar Sojojin Amurka a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] a Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Cadet . Bayan yaƙin, ta sami digirin likitanci daga Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Downstate ta [[Jami'ar Jihar New York]] a 1952, kuma ta ci gaba da zama mace ta farko da ta yi horo a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Walter Reed . A 1952, ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin likita a Rundunar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojojin Amurka. Bayan Yaƙin Koriya, Haycock ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe babban kwamandan a New Jersey, a matsayin shugabar Babban Asibitin Sojoji na 322. <ref name="state.nj.us/military">{{Cite web |title="National Guard Militia Museum Celebrates Women's History Month: Exhibits at Sea Girt, Lawrenceville focus on pioneering role" ''DMAVA Highlights'' (New Jersey Dept. of Military and Veterans' Affairs) February 23, 2011; p. 5 |url=https://www.state.nj.us/military/admin/highlightspdf/2011/23feb11.pdf}}</ref> Ta kammala aikin tiyata a New York kafin ta koma [[New Jersey]], inda ta buɗe wani asibiti na sirri a fannin tiyata. A lokacin da take aiki da Rundunar Likitoci ta Sojoji, ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Kwamandan Sojojin Amurka da ta Janar da Kwalejin Yaƙin Sojojin Amurka . Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a [[Kimiyyar siyasa|fannin kimiyyar siyasa]] daga Jami'ar Rutgers . == Ƙungiyoyin sana'a da ƙwararru == Haycock ta shiga sashen koyar da ilmin likitanci da hakora na Jami'ar New Jersey (wanda yanzu haka yake Makarantar Likitanci ta New Jersey) a matsayin farfesa a fannin tiyata da kuma daraktan ayyukan gaggawa a shekarar 1968 kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa cibiyar kula da rauni a Asibitin Jami'a da ke Newark. Ta shahara a matsayin ƙwararriya kan [[Ciwon daji na Mahaifa|cutar kansar mahaifa]] da kuma fannin likitancin wasanni (musamman ga mata). An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Likitoci ta Amurka . A shekarar 1980, an buga littafin ''Sports Medicine for the Athletic Female'', wanda ta gyara. Haycock ta shafe wa'adi (1981–82) a matsayin shugabar Ƙungiyar Matan Likitoci ta Amurka, bayan ta kasance shugabar reshen New Jersey. A shekarar 1984 ta yi ritaya daga Rundunar Sojoji a matsayin kanar, bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ajiyar kaya tun lokacin da ta yi Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Koriya, jimillar shekaru 38 na aikin soja. A shekara ta 2004, [[Women in Medicine Legacy Foundation|Gidauniyar Legacy ta Mata a Magunguna]] ta ba Haycock kyautar Alma Dea Morani Renaissance Woman Award . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alma Dea Morani Award |url=https://www.wimlf.org/alma-dea-morani-award |website=The Women in Medicine Legacy Foundation}}</ref> A shekarar 2005, an shigar da ita cikin Nutley Hall of Fame. <ref name="nuthof">{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2023 |title=Physician and Military Pioneer |url=https://nutleyhalloffame.nutleypubliclibrary.org/2005-haycock/ |access-date=14 August 2024 |website=Nutley Hall of Fame |ref=nuthof |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814023340/https://nutleyhalloffame.nutleypubliclibrary.org/2005-haycock/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2011, wani baje kolin Watan Tarihin Mata da Gidan Tarihi na Sojojin Tsaro na Kasa na New Jersey da ke Lawrenceville ya mayar da hankali kan rawar da Haycock ya taka a matsayin majagaba ga mata a fannin aikin likitanci na sojoji. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1924]] niwmy1pg624vz4jc9ky145wfznldxl7 0 146726 839526 814401 2026-05-23T22:57:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Claude Iverné == Claude Iverné (an haife shi a shekara ta 1963 [1] [2] ) ɗan ƙasar Faransa ne mai ɗaukar hoto, mai bincike, kuma mai zane-zane . Aikinsa a Sudan ya haɗa ɗaukar hoto na tarihi da nazarin tarihi, kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ayyuka kamar SudanPhotoGraphs da Bilad es Sudan. [3] == Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi == An haifi Claude Iverné a shekarar 1963 a Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chapuis |first=Frédérique |title=Rapportées du Soudan, les images poétiques et rares de Claude Iverné |url=https://www.telerama.fr/sortir/rapportees-du-soudan-les-images-poetiques-et-rares-de-claude-iverne,158913.php |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=Télérama}}</ref> Ya yi horo a fannin daukar hoto a Paris, London, da New York, da farko yana aiki a fannin daukar hoto kafin ya koma aikin shirya fina-finai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné |url=https://www.henricartierbresson.org/en/laureats/claude-iverne/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson}}</ref> == Sana'a == Iverné ya fara tafiya zuwa Sudan a shekarun 1990s <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=An epic journey through North and South Sudan |url=https://www.huckmag.com/article/claude-iverne-bilad-es-sudan |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=Huck Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-01 |title=Claude Iverné, Photographies soudanaises, Le Musée Nicéphore Niépce |url=https://www.paris-art.com/photographies-soudanaises/ |access-date=2026-03-27 |website=Paris Art |language=fr-FR}}</ref>, inda ya fara hulɗa ta dogon lokaci da ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné: About Description |url=https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=CTC |archive-date=14 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014223523/https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma yi tafiye-tafiye da dama zuwa Masar, Sudan, Morocco da Asiya <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Atelier EXB |url=https://exb.fr/en/authors?name=claude-iverne&id=297 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=exb.fr}}</ref> A cikin shekaru da suka biyo baya, ya rubuta sauye-sauyen zamantakewa, al'adu, da muhalli ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto. <ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 2003, ya kafa Elnour (ma'ana "haske" a cikin Larabci), gidan bugawa da ƙungiya wanda ke haɗa masu ɗaukar hoto na Sudan, masu bincike, da masu fasaha na ƙasashen duniya. <ref name=":0" /> Aikinsa ya haɗa da ɗaukar hoto na tarihi tare da binciken tarihi da [[Ilimin ɗan adam|na ɗan adam]], yana mai da hankali kan asali, yanki, da wakilci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné: About Description |url=https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=CTC |archive-date=14 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014223523/https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iverné ya kafa ''SudanPhotoGraphs'', wani aikin edita da bincike na dogon lokaci wanda aka keɓe don ɗaukar hoto na Sudan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SudanPhotoGraphs |url=https://www.icp.org/content/sudanphotographs |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=International Center of Photography}}</ref> Aikin ya haɗa ɗaukar hoto, bincike na tarihi, da gudummawa daga fannoni daban-daban don yin rikodin tarihin gani na Sudan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné: About Description |url=https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=CTC |archive-date=14 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014223523/https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hakanan yana da nufin adana tarihin daukar hoto da haɓaka masu ɗaukar hoto na Sudan a cikin tarin ƙasashen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné |url=https://www.henricartierbresson.org/en/laureats/claude-iverne/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson}}</ref> ''Bilad es Sudan'' wani aikin daukar hoto ne na dogon lokaci wanda aka haɓaka tsawon kusan shekaru ashirin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribery |first=Fabien |title=Une odyssée soudanaise par le photographe Claude Iverné |url=https://lintervalle.blog/2017/05/31/une-odyssee-soudanais-par-le-photographe-claude-iverne/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=L’Intervalle}}</ref> Aikin yana tattara bayanai game da Arewacin da Kudancin Sudan, ta amfani da hanyoyin daukar hoto daban-daban don nuna yanayin al'adu da yanayin ƙasa daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné: Bilad es Sudan |url=https://loeildelaphotographie.com/en/eye-on-galleries-claude-iverne/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=L’Oeil de la Photographie}}</ref> An nuna shi a duk duniya, ciki har da a Paris da New York. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribery |first=Fabien |title=Une odyssée soudanaise par le photographe Claude Iverné |url=https://lintervalle.blog/2017/05/31/une-odyssee-soudanais-par-le-photographe-claude-iverne/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=L’Intervalle}}</ref> == Nune-nunen da kuma amincewa == An nuna ayyukansa a ƙasashen duniya a cibiyoyi da bukukuwa, ciki har da Rencontres d'Arles, Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson, Aperture Foundation, da Museum Nicéphore Niépce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné: About Description |url=https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=CTC |archive-date=14 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014223523/https://ctc-cti.eu/2019/05/01/claude-iverne-about-description/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyukan Iverné sun haɗa da ɗaukar hotunan shirye-shirye tare da hanyoyin nazarin al'adu da adana bayanai. Ayyukansa sun mayar da hankali kan jigogi kamar asalin al'adu, tunawa, da wakilci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claude Iverné exhibition |url=https://en.museeniepce.com/index.php?%2Fexposition-en%2Fexposition-passee%2FClaude-Iverne= |access-date=26 March 2026 |website=Musée Nicéphore Niépce }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Faransa]] [[Rukuni:1963]] dt1b4xmofsc2sbb2gt7lbl3a1s91t33 0 147165 839578 833442 2026-05-24T06:16:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dawn Marie Addiego''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1962) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Amurka wadda ta wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 8 ta New Jersey a Majalisar Dattawan New Jersey daga 2010 zuwa 2022. Ta kasance 'yar jam'iyyar Democrat, a baya ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokoki daga 8 ga Janairu, 2008 zuwa 22 ga Nuwamba, 2010 a matsayin 'yar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] (kafin ta canza jam'iyya). A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2010, bayan an tabbatar da Phil Haines ta yi aiki a Babbar Kotun New Jersey ta Gundumar Burlington, kwamitin [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] na gundumar (wanda har yanzu memba ne) ya naɗa Addiego kuma ya naɗa shi don maye gurbin kujerar Haines da ba ta da kowa a cikinta har zuwa ƙarshen wa'adinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == Addiego ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin lissafin kuɗi daga Jami'ar Villanova . Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Widener a shekarar 1987. <ref> name="NJLEG" </ref> Addiego ta yi aiki a Majalisar Garin Evesham daga 1993 zuwa 2000 da kuma Hukumar Tsare-tsare daga 1993 zuwa 1994. Ta kasance a Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ingantaccen Ruwa na Tri-County daga 1994 zuwa 2000. Ta yi aiki a Hukumar Zaɓen Masu Haƙƙin mallaka ta Gundumar Burlington daga 2000 zuwa 2008. == Majalisar Dokokin New Jersey == A lokacin da take cikin Majalisar, Addigeo ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Mai tsawatarwa ta Jam'iyyar Republican bayan ta hau mulki a shekarar 2008. Ta kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Kasafin Kuɗi da Kwamitin Ilimi Mai Girma. A watan Maris na 2009, Addiego, tare da abokin aikinsa Scott Rudder, sun nemi a rage musu albashi da kashi 10% daga albashinsu na majalisar dokoki, saboda matsalar tattalin arziki da ke addabar New Jersey a halin yanzu. Wani ra'ayi na shari'a daga Ofishin Ayyukan Dokoki na New Jersey ya gano cewa su ne 'yan majalisa na farko a tarihin New Jersey da suka nemi a yafe musu wani ɓangare na albashinsu. A shekarar 2011, 'yan majalisar biyu sun gabatar da shawarar cewa ya kamata a rage kashi 10% na albashin da suka dauka ga sauran ma'aikatan majalisar dokoki, shari'a da kuma na zartarwa na jihar, ciki har da Gwamna. Addiego ta kasance mai adawa da shirin Gwamna Jon Corzine na Majalisar Gidaje Masu Rahusa (COAH) na buƙatar garuruwa su gina adadin gidaje masu araha da gwamnati ta tsara. Ta yi jayayya cewa "sabbin dokokin COAH za su ƙara harajin kadarori, su lalata sararin samaniya kuma su hana ci gaban tattalin arziki." <ref>[http://www.medfordcentralrecord.com/WebApp/appmanager/JRC/Weekly;!1535760712?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=pg_wk_article&r21.pgpath=%2FMED%2FHome&r21.content=%2FMED%2FHome%2FTopStoryList_Story_2714679] {{Dead link|date=November 2021}}</ref> == Majalisar Dattawan New Jersey == Addiego ta lashe cikakken wa'adinta na farko a Majalisar Dattawan New Jersey a watan Nuwamba na 2011, inda ta tsaya takara ba tare da hamayya ba bayan da aka kayar da Carl Lewis, wanda ake sa ran zai zama dan takarar Jam'iyyar Democrat, saboda bai cika sharuddan zama dan jihar ba. An sake zabar Addiego a 2013 da 2017. === Kwamitoci === * Harkokin Al'umma da Birane <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senator Dawn Marie Addiego (R) |url=https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/members/bio.asp?Leg=328 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020160848/https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/members/bio.asp?Leg=328 |archive-date=20 October 2011 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=njleg.state.nj}}</ref> * Lafiya, Ayyukan Dan Adam da Tsofaffi * Gwamnatin Jiha, Wagering, Yawon Bude Ido & Kare Tarihi * Ma'aikata * Kasafin Kuɗi da Kasafin Kuɗi === Kuri'u kan Muhimman Matsaloli === * A shekarar 2012, Addiego ta kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin amincewa da halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ga ma'aurata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marriage Equality Voting Record by Vote |url=https://www.aclu-nj.org/theissues/lgbt-rights/marriage-equality/take-action-too-big-our/marriage-equality-voting-record-vote |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806022042/https://www.aclu-nj.org/theissues/lgbt-rights/marriage-equality/take-action-too-big-our/marriage-equality-voting-record-vote |archive-date=6 August 2021 |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=ACLU}}</ref> * A shekarar 2017, Addiego ta kaɗa ƙuri'ar ƙara harajin iskar gas na New Jersey da senti 23 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gas Tax Hike Takes Center Stage at Candidates Forum in LeisureTowne |url=https://pinebarrenstribune.com/gas-tax-hike-takes-center-stage-at-candidates-forum-in-leisuretowne-p1573-165.htm |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=Pine Barrens Tribune }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * A shekarar 2018, Addiego ta kaɗa ƙuri'a kan wani kudiri da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a New Jersey su ba wa ma'aikatansu hutun rashin lafiya <ref>{{Cite web |title=A 1827 - Requires Employers to Provide Paid Sick Leave - New Jersey Key Vote |url=https://justfacts.votesmart.org/bill/25224/63990/69709/dawn-addiego-voted-nay-passage-a-1827-requires-employers-to-provide-paid-sick-leave#63990 |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=Vote Smart}}</ref> * A shekarar 2019, Addiego ta fito fili ta nuna adawa da halatta wiwi a New Jersey <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2019 |title=Addiego a hard no on legal weed, chief of staff says |url=https://newjerseyglobe.com/legislature/addiego-a-hard-no-on-legal-weed-chief-of-staff-says/ |access-date=2 August 2021 |website=New Jersey Globe}}</ref> === Canjin jam'iyya === A ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2019, Addiego ya canza sheka zuwa jam'iyyar Democrat .Bayan sauya shekar Addiego, an yi zargin cewa dan majalisar gundumar 8 Joe Howarth ya yi yunkurin sauya shekarsa daga jam'iyyar Republican zuwa jam'iyyar Democrat, kuma shugabannin jam'iyyar Republican ba su iya tuntuɓar Howarth na tsawon kwana biyu ba. Daga baya Kwamitin Republican na gundumar Burlington ya janye goyon bayansu ga Howarth kuma ya amince da Sheriff na gundumar Burlington Jean Stanfield a matsayin wanda zai gaje shi a Majalisar. A ƙarshe, Stanfield da dan majalisar Republican mai ci Ryan Peters sun kayar da Howarth a zaɓen fidda gwani kuma suka lashe zaɓen gama gari. A shekarar 2021, Addiego ta sake tsayawa takarar Sanata a matsayin 'yar Democrat. Ba ta da abokin hamayya a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat, kuma duk da cewa tana da fa'idar tara kuɗi, ta sha kashi kaɗan a hannun Stanfield a babban zaɓen. Daga baya Addiego ta zama Babban Jami'in Zaɓe na Gundumar Burlington a ƙarshen Janairun 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livio |first=Susan |date=2022-01-31 |title=Former N.J. state Sen. Bateman gets spot on Horizon Blue Cross board |url=https://nj.com/politics/2022/01/former-nj-state-sen-bateman-gets-spot-on-horizon-blue-cross-board.html |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=nj.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530064150/https://www.nj.com/politics/2022/01/former-nj-state-sen-bateman-gets-spot-on-horizon-blue-cross-board.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin zaɓe == === Majalisar Dattawan New Jersey === {{Election box begin|title=New Jersey State Senate elections, 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=8th Legislative District |url=https://www.nj.gov/state/elections/assets/pdf/election-results/2021/2021-general-election-results-gen-assembly-state-senate-district-08.pdf |access-date=30 October 2025 |pages=1-2}}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (US)|candidate=[[Jean Stanfield]]|votes=39,648|percentage=51.11}} {{Election box candidate with party link}} {{Election box total no change}} {{Election box hold with party link no swing}} {{End}}{{Election box begin|title=New Jersey State Senate elections, 2017<ref name=Results2017>{{cite web|title=Official List, Candidates for State Senate For GENERAL ELECTION 11/07/2017 Election|url=http://nj.gov/state/elections/2017-results/2017-official-general-election-results-state-senate.pdf|publisher=[[Secretary of State of New Jersey]]|access-date=January 29, 2019|date=November 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042116/http://nj.gov/state/elections/2017-results/2017-official-general-election-results-state-senate.pdf|archive-date=December 5, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (US)|candidate=George B. Youngkin|votes=28,158|percentage=47.8}} {{Election box hold with party link without swing||winner=Republican Party (United States)}} {{End}}{{Election box begin no change|title=New Jersey State Senate elections, 2013<ref name=Results2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.njelections.org/2013-results/2013-official-general-election-results-state-senate.pdf |title=Official List Candidates for State Senate For GENERAL ELECTION 11/05/2015 Election |publisher=[[Secretary of State of New Jersey]] |date=December 4, 2013 |access-date=July 3, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704151019/http://www.njelections.org/2013-results/2013-official-general-election-results-state-senate.pdf |archive-date=July 4, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Dawn Marie Addiego (incumbent)|votes=35,894|percentage=63.5}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Javier Vasquez|votes=20,633|percentage=36.5}} {{Election box hold with party link without swing||winner=Republican Party (United States)}} {{End}}{{Election box begin no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Dawn Marie Addiego (incumbent)|votes=22,396|percentage=100.0}} {{Election box hold with party link without swing||winner=Republican Party (United States)|loser=Democratic Party (United States)}} {{End}} === Babban Taron New Jersey === {{Election box begin no change|title=New Jersey State Assembly elections, 2009<ref name="Results2005">{{cite web |url=http://press.co.burlington.nj.us/PRESS/clerk/Election.aspx?op=ELE |title=Summary Report |publisher=[[Burlington County Clerk]] |access-date=August 23, 2017 |archive-date=August 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824014433/http://press.co.burlington.nj.us/PRESS/clerk/Election.aspx?op=ELE |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Dawn Marie Addiego (incumbent)|votes=42,129|percentage=31.06}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[Scott Rudder]] (incumbent)|votes=40,679|percentage=29.99}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Debbie Sarcone|votes=26,397|percentage=19.46}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Bill Brown|votes=26,384|percentage=19.45}} {{Election box hold with party link without swing||winner=Republican Party (United States)}} {{End}}{{Election box begin no change|title=New Jersey State Assembly elections, 2007<ref name="Results2005"/>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Dawn Marie Addiego|votes=25,310|percentage=27.97}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[Scott Rudder]]|votes=25,298|percentage=27.96}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Tracy L. Riley|votes=20,540|percentage=22.70}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Christopher D. Fifis|votes=19,234|percentage=21.26}} {{Election box hold with party link without swing||winner=Republican Party (United States)}} {{End}} === Kwamishinan Gundumar Burlington === {{Election box begin no change}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Dawn Marie Addiego (incumbent)|votes=65,199|percentage=27.93}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Aubrey Fenton|votes=64,486|percentage=27.66}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Amy Vasquez|votes=52,524|percentage=22.53}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=Dean Buono|votes=50,933|percentage=21.84}} {{Election box hold with party link without swing||winner=Republican Party (United States)}} {{End}}{{Election box begin no change|title=Burlington County Freeholder Elections, 2002<ref name="Results2005"/>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Theresa Brown (incumbent)|votes=66,322|percentage=29.64}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Dawn Marie Addiego (incumbent)|votes=65,082|percentage=29.08}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=John Fratinardo|votes=46,930|percentage=20.97}} {{Election box candidate with party link no change||party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=John S. Kocubinski|votes=45,446|percentage=20.31}} {{Election box hold with party link without swing||winner=Republican Party (United States)}} {{End}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] 39l226zgjyjh88wqtpjir09yjiqli8x 0 147294 839587 826346 2026-05-24T06:42:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Deirdre "Dede" W. Alpert''' (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1945) tsohuwar sanata ce ta Amurka, 'yar majalisa kuma memba a hukumar makaranta a [[San Diego]], [[California]] . 'Yar Democrat ce, ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California a matsayin memba na gundumar 75 daga 1990 zuwa 1992 da kuma daga gundumar 78 daga 1992 zuwa 1996. Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar California a gundumar 39 daga 1996 zuwa 2004. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Alpert a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1945, a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa California a shekarar 1962 kuma ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Pomona, inda ta sami digiri a fannin gwamnati. Ta auri Michael Alpert, lauya, a Los Angeles kuma ma'auratan sun koma [[San Diego]], inda suka haifi 'ya'ya mata uku: Alison, Kristin, da Lehn. <ref> name="oac">{{Cite web |title=Inventory of the Deirdre Alpert Papers |url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd6ct/ |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=Online Archive of California |publisher=California State Archives}}</ref> Kafin shiga siyasa, Alpert ta kasance memba na Hukumar Gundumar Makarantun Solana Beach daga 1983 zuwa 1990, inda ta zama shugaba a 1987. Gundumar makarantar ta fara shirye-shirye don samar da kula da yara kafin da kuma bayan makaranta, ta kafa cibiyar kula da yara kuma ta inganta makarantu biyu don jihar ta amince da su a matsayin manyan makarantu. <ref> name="oac">{{Cite web |title=Inventory of the Deirdre Alpert Papers |url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd6ct/ |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=Online Archive of California |publisher=California State Archives}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd6ct/ "Inventory of the Deirdre Alpert Papers"]. ''Online Archive of California''. California State Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin yara da kotu ta nada kuma ta yi aikin sa kai a makarantun 'ya'yanta, tare da United Cerebral Palsy, da kuma Girl Scouts. <ref>name="oac" </ref> == Aikin siyasa == An fara zaɓenta a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California a zaɓen jihohi na 1990, inda ta kayar da 'yar Majalisar Republican Joyce Mojonnier da kashi 53.4% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa. <ref> name="oac">{{Cite web |title=Inventory of the Deirdre Alpert Papers |url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd6ct/ |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=Online Archive of California |publisher=California State Archives}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd6ct/ "Inventory of the Deirdre Alpert Papers"]. ''Online Archive of California''. California State Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JoinCalifornia - 11-06-1990 Election |url=http://www.joincalifornia.com/election/1990-11-06}}</ref> Ta gudanar da kamfen na jama'a, tare da goyon bayan jaridun gida. <ref name="oac" /> A shekarar 1995, an yi mata barazanar sake kiranta a matsayin wani ɓangare na yaƙin neman shugabancin majalisar. Ta yi aiki a Majalisar har zuwa 1996 kuma ta kasance memba a Majalisar Dattawan Jihar California daga 1996 zuwa 2004, tana wakiltar gundumar 39 a Gundumar San Diego . Ta yi ritaya daga Majalisar Dattawa a 2004 saboda iyakokin wa'adin mulki. <ref name="oac" /> <ref name="accomp">{{Cite web |title=Highlights of Laws Authored by California's Women Senators |url=https://sor.senate.ca.gov/sites/sor.senate.ca.gov/files/ctools/Legislative%20Accomplishments%201976-1999.pdf |access-date=6 September 2018 |publisher=California State Senate}}</ref> Ta jagoranci kwamitin kasafin kuɗi na Majalisar Dattawa, kwamitin haɗin gwiwa kan ilimin jama'a, da kwamitocin ilimi na Majalisar Wakilai da Majalisar Dattawa. <ref name="ncsl">{{Cite web |title=Institute for Elected Women: California |url=http://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/womens-legislative-network/institute-for-elected-women-california.aspx |access-date=6 September 2018 |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A tsawon lokacin da take a majalisar dokoki, Alpert ta mayar da hankali kan ilimi, muhalli, batutuwan mata da yara da kuma harkokin kasuwanci na gida. <ref name="oac">{{Cite web |title=Inventory of the Deirdre Alpert Papers |url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd6ct/ |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=Online Archive of California |publisher=California State Archives}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd6ct/ "Inventory of the Deirdre Alpert Papers"]. ''Online Archive of California''. California State Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An ruwaito cewa an san ta da "matsakaici wanda zai iya aiki a fadin jam'iyya". An yaba mata da zartar da dokar da ke buƙatar gwaji mai inganci a ilimin jama'a, da kuma ba da tallafi ga makarantu bisa ga sakamakon jarrabawa mai daidaito. <ref name="accomp"/> Ta zartar da wasu kudirori da ke gyara dokokin cin zarafin iyali don tallafawa wadanda abin ya shafa. <ref name="accomp" /> == Rayuwa daga baya == Bayan ritayarta, ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Sharp Healthcare Hospital System, a matsayin babbar kwamishinar kwaleji ta ƙungiyar Makarantu da Kwalejoji ta Yamma, da kuma a matsayin kwamitin gudanarwa na wata makarantar haya a kudu maso gabashin San Diego. Ta kuma ci gaba da shiga cikin fafutukar kare manufofin ilimi. == Daraja == Alpert ta sami kyautar "Abokin Ilimi" ta Ƙungiyar Masu Gudanar da Makarantun California a shekarar 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Friend of Education Award Recipients |url=https://www.acsa.org/application/files/2215/2583/3636/Friend_of_Ed_award_past_recipients.pdf |access-date=6 September 2018 |publisher=Association of California School Administrators |archive-date=6 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906052808/https://www.acsa.org/application/files/2215/2583/3636/Friend_of_Ed_award_past_recipients.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jaridar California Journal ta naɗa ta "Sanata ta Shekara" a shekarar 2004 kuma ta sami kyautar 'Yan Majalisa Mai Kyau daga Hukumar Ilimi ta Gundumar California a wannan shekarar. <ref name="ncsl"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Outstanding Legislator Award |url=http://www.theccbe.org/en/Events/OutstandingLegislatorAward |access-date=2023-09-27 |website=www.theccbe.org}}</ref> Jami'ar Jihar San Diego ta sake wa Cibiyar City Heights suna Cibiyar Dede Alpert don Haɗa kan Al'umma a shekarar 2004. An shigar da ita cikin Zauren Fitattun Mata na Gundumar San Diego a watan Maris na 2018 saboda shugabancinta na baya na Majalisar Dattawa. Takardun karatunta suna hannun Ma'ajiyar Tarihin Jihar California. <ref name="oac"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 5gks1mvtgg9btdwyy62k2hj11zv1384 0 147389 839606 817712 2026-05-24T07:53:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Deydre Smyth Teyhen''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971) itace janar brigadier ta Sojojin Amurka kuma shugaban 20 na Kwararren Likitocin Sojoji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Army Medical Specialist Corps (SP Corps)l |url=https://medcoe.army.mil/amedd-specialist-corps}}</ref> Teyhen kuma yana aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Janar, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sojojin Brooke (BAMC), da Mataimakin Darakta na Kasuwanci, Kasuwar San Antonio, Hukumar Lafiya ta Tsaro. Teyhen, likitan jiki, shi ne jami'in likitan likitancin farko na Sojoji da kuma likitan jiki wanda aka inganta zuwa Brigadier Janar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Promotion ceremony for COL(P) Deydre S. Teyhen to Brigadier General |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/video/849695/promotion-ceremony-colp-deydre-s-teyhen-brigadier-general#:~:text=COL%20%28P%29%20Deydre%20S.%20Teyhen%20will%20be%20promoted,first%20physical%20therapist%20to%20become%20a%20general%20officer.}}</ref> Teyhen, jami'ar kwamishinan shekaru 30, ya rike mukamai da yawa na kwamandoji da ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women’s Equality Day: Female leaders blaze a trail in military medicine |url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/428119/womens-equality-day-female-leaders-blaze-trail-military-medicine |access-date=2026-04-02 |archive-date=2025-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225103018/https://www.dvidshub.net/news/428119/womens-equality-day-female-leaders-blaze-trail-military-medicine |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lura, Teyhen ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata (Taimakon, G-1/4/6) a Ofishin Babban Likita a Falls Church, Virginia. A lokacin annobar, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Ma'aikatar Tsaro na Therapeutics don Operation Warp Speed a Ma'abiyar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka kuma a matsayin Kwamandan Cibiyar Bincike ta Sojojin Walter Reed, babbar cibiyar binciken kiwon lafiya ta DoD.<ref name="wrair.health.mil">{{Cite web |title=Walter Reed Army Institute of Research |url=https://wrair.health.mil/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |archive-date=2026-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260327140953/https://wrair.health.mil/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin waɗannan matsayi, ta jagoranci ƙoƙarin bincike na cututtukan cututtuka, kwakwalwa, da lafiyar halayyar; gami da bincike don hanawa, ganowa, da kuma magance COVID-19. Teyhen a halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Janar ga kusan ma'aikata 9,000 da aka sanya wa BAMC, asibitin da ya fi rikitarwa na tsarin kiwon lafiya na soja kuma shi kaɗai ne Cibiyar Trauma ta Mataki, wanda ke kan Babban Tushen San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAMC |url=https://bamc.tricare.mil/About-Us |access-date=2026-04-02 |archive-date=2026-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260316050015/https://bamc.tricare.mil/About-Us |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da hat guda biyu a matsayin Babban Jami'in Kwararren Likitocin Sojoji. Kwararrun Likitocin Sojoji sun ƙunshi yankuna huɗu na jami'an Sojoji na mayar da hankali: 65A Army Occupational Therapists (OT), 65B Army Physical Therapists, 65C Army Dietitians da 65D Army Physician Assistants (PA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Army Medical Specialist Corps celebrates 72nd anniversary |url=https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/1818878/us-army-medical-specialist-corps-celebrates-72nd-anniversary/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |archive-date=2026-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124021416/https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/1818878/us-army-medical-specialist-corps-celebrates-72nd-anniversary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Teyhen kuma yana aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na Kasuwanci, Kasuwar San Antonio, Hukumar Lafiya ta Tsaro, wanda ke aiki don inganta ma'aikata da albarkatu da inganta damar samun kulawa ga masu cin gajiyar soja sama da 250,000 a duk faɗin San Antonio, Texas, da yankunan da ke kewaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=San Antonio Market to standardize, optimize local healthcare |url=https://www.army.mil/article/248525/san_antonio_market_to_standardize_optimize_local_healthcare}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Teyhen ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar wasanni a Jami'ar Ohio Wesleyan . Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin maganin jiki daga Jami'ar Baylor ta Amurka, ta kammala digirinta na PhD a fannin kimiyyar halitta daga Jami'an Texas, kuma ta sami digirinta a fannin jinya daga Jami'a ta Baylor. Teyhen ta kammala karatu tare da girmamawa a matsayin fitaccen digiri daga Kwalejin Yakin Sojojin Amurka tare da digiri na biyu a Nazarin Dabarun.[1] Teyhen ya kammala ƙarin ilimi kuma ya jagoranci kungiyoyi daban-daban kafin ya zama kwamandan janar na BAMC a watan Yulin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOAA Member Leading Brooke Army Medical Center |url=https://www.moaa.org/content/publications-and-media/news-articles/2023-news-articles/member-spotlight/moaa-member-leading-brooke-army-medical-center/}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] 4dzpqn9s0vpri4vnbm7j7k7q1e73ux2 0 147409 839388 817761 2026-05-23T16:07:09Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Deqa Yasin Hagi Yusuf ƙwararriya ce a fannin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Somaliya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, musamman a fannonin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, ƙarfafa mata, nakasa, yara da haƙƙin tsiraru. A shekarar 2017 an naɗa ta Ministar Mata da Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam a Somaliya kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa Oktoba 2020. == Rayuwa == An haifi Yusuf a Merka kuma ya girma a Somaliya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">an buƙata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yusufu ta kammala karatun jami'a a [[Torino|Turin]] da ke Italiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a al'adu da kuma mai kula da Cibiyar Matasa a Cibiyar Matasa ta Alouan. Ta goyi bayan haɗakar al'adu ga baƙi na ƙarni na biyu, ciki har da taimaka musu wajen daidaita matsayinsu na shari'a don ba su damar samun damar samun 'yancinsu na ilimi da aiki. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">an buƙata ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ta taimaka wajen kafa ''Comitato di Solidarietà tare da Popolo Somalo'' (Kwamitin Haɗin Kai tare da Al'ummar Somaliya ) a Yankin Piemonte don tara kuɗi don taimakawa mutanen da yakin basasar Somaliya ya shafa. Deqa ta ƙaura zuwa Toronto a Kanada, a farkon shekarun 2000 kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati, tana ba da ayyukan jin kai ga 'yan ƙasar Kanada marasa galihu na kusan shekaru 10. Bayan dawowarta Somalia a shekarar 2012, ta kasance cikin ayyukan karfafa mata da kuma kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin Manajan Ayyuka na [[Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Mata ta IIDA|Kungiyar Ci gaban Mata ta IIDA]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-09 |title=Deqa Yasin Hagi Yusuf |url=https://live.worldbank.org/experts/deqa-yasin-hagi-yusuf |access-date=2020-03-18 |website=World Bank Live |language=en}}</ref> wata kungiya ce ta fararen hula da ke inganta gina zaman lafiya, karfafa mata da kuma [['Yancin Dan Adam a Somaliya|kare hakkin dan adam a Somalia]] tun daga shekarar 1991. Deqa ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Mata da Ci gaban Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Tarayyar Somaliya <ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Khaire announces 27 member cabinet |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2017/mar/141153/pm_khaire_announces_27_member_cabinet.aspx |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=www.hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> tsakanin 2017 da 2020. A matsayinta na minista, ita ma ta jagoranci Somaliya a cikin tsarin amincewa da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Haƙƙin Nakasassu (CRPD). Ta shirya mata daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar don ƙirƙirar [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qUo8ebDRFXAC4vqrWsIt63_hBAEgu0ZO/view Yarjejeniyar Mata ta Somaliya], wani abu na farko ga Somaliya. Ta ga wannan a matsayin lokacin canji ga mata domin za su iya shiga zaɓen farko na ƙuri'a ɗaya na mutum ɗaya a Somaliya a 2020/2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yusuf |first=Deqa Yasin Hagi |date=2019-05-20 |title=Will 2020 Be a Turning Point for Women and Girls in Somalia? |url=https://theglobalobservatory.org/2019/05/will-2020-be-turning-point-for-women-girls-in-somalia/ |access-date=2020-03-17 |website=IPI Global Observatory |language=en-US}}</ref> Deqa ta kuma fara aiwatar da dokoki da dama da aka tsara don kare haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi masu rauni. Ta shiga cikin ci gaban ƙa'idodi, ƙa'idodi da manufofi na duniya kan haƙƙin ɗan adam da rikici da rauni a matsayinta na memba na ƙungiyar Bankin Duniya ta farko don Raguwa, Rikici, da Tashin Hankali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 2020-2025 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/fragilityconflictviolence/publication/world-bank-group-strategy-for-fragility-conflict-and-violence-2020-2025 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance cikin ƙungiyar ba da shawara ga binciken Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba (OECD) kan Daidaiton Jinsi da Ƙarfafa Mata a Yanayi Masu Rauni da Rikici. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equality and women's empowerment in fragile and conflict-affected situations: A review of donor support {{!}} READ online |url=https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/gender-equality-and-women-s-empowerment-in-fragile-and-conflict-affected-situations_b75a1229-en#page1 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=oecd-ilibrary.org}}</ref> Kafin nadinta a matsayin Minista, ita ce Mataimakiyar Shugabar Ƙungiyar Aiwatar da Zaɓen Kai Tsaye ta Tarayya (FIET) a Somaliya a Zaɓen Kai Tsaye na 2016. A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugaba, ta ba da gudummawa ga ƙaruwar wakilcin mata a majalisun dokoki biyu na majalisu na 10 daga kashi 14% a 2012 zuwa 25%. Kafin ta hau kan muƙamin gwamnati a 2016, Deqa ta yi aiki a matsayin Manajan Ayyuka na [[Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Mata ta IIDA|Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Mata ta IIDA]] ., <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-09 |title=Deqa Yasin Hagi Yusuf |url=https://live.worldbank.org/experts/deqa-yasin-hagi-yusuf |access-date=2020-03-18 |website=World Bank Live |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://live.worldbank.org/experts/deqa-yasin-hagi-yusuf "Deqa Yasin Hagi Yusuf"]. ''World Bank Live''. 2019-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> wata babbar ƙungiyar fararen hula da ke haɓaka gina zaman lafiya, ƙarfafa mata, da haƙƙin ɗan adam a Somaliya da aka kafa a 1991. A lokacin aikinta da IIDA ne ta wakilci ƙungiyoyin fararen hula na Somaliya a cikin Sabuwar Yarjejeniyar Somaliya. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A lokacin mulkin Shugaba Deqa Yasin ne, Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (MOWHRD) ta gudanar da wani bincike mai sauri kan Matsayin Yara Masu Nakasa a Somaliya, wanda aka fitar a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2020. Wannan kimantawa ta yi nazari kan halin da yara masu nakasa ke ciki a biranen Somaliya guda huɗu, wato Mogadishu, Galkayo, Baidoa, da Kismayo. Wannan kimantawa ta yi nufin sanar da ƙoƙarin da ake yi na ƙarfafa shiga tsakani kan haƙƙin yara masu nakasa a Somaliya. A yayin gudanar da wannan kimantawa, Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (MOWHRD) ta yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar manyan shingen da ke hana shigar yara masu nakasa a cikin al'umma, gami da samun damar yin ayyukan da suka cancanci jin daɗinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapid-Assessment-Children-with-Disabilites-in-Somalia_Report_FA_Digital-1-1.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1APwutHn3qR9_99Rd3uuAugIn5r3Pzp73/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> a watan Oktoba na 2020, Ma'aikatarta ta kuma gudanar da bincike mai sauri kan shan muggan kwayoyi da miyagun ƙwayoyi a tsakanin yara a cikin yanayi na kan titi a Somaliya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapid-Assessment-of-Drug-and-Substance-Abuse-Among-Children-in-Street-Situations-in-SomaliaI-Oct-2020-Soft-Copy.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vT1HXQvU3neTXuVSFZk5md3tNdioKQEx/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> An samu ci gaba wajen aiwatar da shawarwarin da aka bayar na Universal Period Review na 2016. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cika wajibcin bayar da rahoton haƙƙin ɗan adam na Somaliya, musamman wajen gabatar da rahoton farko na CRC na Jam'iyyar Jiha, da kuma gabatar da Rahoton Jam'iyyar Jiha ta Somaliya kan Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi azabtarwa (CAT) wanda aka jinkirta kusan shekaru talatin da kuma gabatar da rahoton bita na tsakiyar wa'adi don Universal Period Review wanda ke bayanin ci gaba a aiwatar da shawarwarin. Jam'iyyar Jiha ta gabatar da rahoto game da Yarjejeniyar Duniya kan Haƙƙoƙin Bil Adama da Siyasa (ICCPR) kuma za a gabatar da shi nan ba da jimawa ba ga Kwamitin Haƙƙin Bil Adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hramopqzcrlolf5cpshqf9je7c84x8r 0 147428 839534 833357 2026-05-24T00:12:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''C.D. Mock''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1958) tsohon kocin gwagwarmaya ne na Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill (UNC). Ya rike wannan mukamin daga 2003 zuwa 2015. Kungiyarsa ta UNC ta ga nasara a kakar 2005 - 2006. Ya kasance tsohon jami'in UNC kuma mai kokawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C.D. Mock Biography |url=http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205497500 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821210749/http://www.goheels.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=205497500 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill}}</ref> == Rayuwa da ilimi == An haifi Mock a shekara ta 1958 a Saint Petersburg, Florida . Ya girma a Newtown Township, Pennsylvania yana halartar makarantar sakandare ta Council Rock. Daga nan ya shiga UNC, ya kammala a shekarar 1982. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Mock ya koma Newton. A cikin 1985, Mock ya kafa Equity Consultants inc., wani kamfani na dillalin hannun jari wanda aka yi rajista har zuwa 2000. A shekara ta 1984, Mock ya auri Mickie Robinson, mataimakin likita wanda ya kammala karatun UNC kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar wasan motsa jiki ta UNC. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu. == Ayyuka == === Babbar Makaranta === Mock ya yi gwagwarmaya na tsawon shekaru hudu yayin da yake halartar makarantar sakandare ta Council Rock a Newtown. Mock ya fara kokawa a cikin shekara ta farko. A cikin babban shekarunsa, Mock ya lashe lambar yabo ta jihar PIAA. Farawar Mock a cikin kokawa ta kasance a baya fiye da shekaru 6 na yau da kullun. Ya sadaukar da lokacinsa na hutu ga horo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Mark |title=UNC wrestling coach C.D. Mock brings fighting mindset to the mat |url=http://www.dailytarheel.com/index.php/article/2010/11/unc_wrestling_coach_cd_mock_brings_fighting_mindset_to_the_mat |access-date=31 March 2014 |publisher=The Daily Tar Heel |archive-date=9 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509022555/http://www.dailytarheel.com/index.php/article/2010/11/unc_wrestling_coach_cd_mock_brings_fighting_mindset_to_the_mat |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kwalejin === A shekara ta 1982, yayin da ya shiga Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill (UNC), Mock ya zama zakara na farko na National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) daga makarantarsa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Conrad C.D. Mock |url=https://nwhof.org/hall_of_fame/bio/16427 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=nwhof.org |language=en}}</ref> Ya gama da ci 35-0 a cikin nauyin nauyin nauyin 134 lb.<ref name=":0" /> Mock ya kuma lashe lakabi a gasar zakarun Atlantic Coast (ACC) sau uku inda ya samu ci 64-4. Yawan nasarar da ya samu ya kasance na uku mafi girma a tarihin gwagwarmayar kwaleji a [[North Carolina|Arewacin Carolina]]. An kira Mock a matsayin All-American a gasar NCAA a lokuta biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C.D. Mock - Head Wrestling Coach |url=http://www.uncwrestling.com/c-d-mock.html |access-date=31 March 2014 |publisher=Carolina Wrestling }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An ba Mock lambar yabo ta Patterson, lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara ta UNC don nasarori a wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=C.D. Mock (1982) - Patterson Medal Winners |url=https://goheels.com/honors/patterson-medal-winners/cd-mock/78 |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> === Koyarwa === Bayan kammala karatunsa daga UNC, Mock ya zama kocin kokawa a makarantar sakandare ta Council Rock . <ref>{{Cite web |title=North Carolina Names C.D. Mock To Follow Bill Lam As Wrestling Coach |url=http://themat.com/section.php?section_id=3&page=showarticle&ArticleID=5639 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508223015/http://themat.com/section.php?section_id=3&page=showarticle&ArticleID=5639 |archive-date=8 May 2014 |access-date=31 March 2014 |publisher=USA Wrestling}}</ref> Ya zama babban kocin kokawa a UNC a shekara ta 2003. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=C.D. Mock - Wrestling Coach |url=https://goheels.com/sports/wrestling/roster/coaches/cd-mock/520 |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, ƙungiyar kwalejin UNC, Tar Heels ta lashe lambobin ACC da kuma rikodin haɗuwa biyu na 16-8-1 a shekara ta 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Mark |title=UNC wrestling coach C.D. Mock brings fighting mindset to the mat |url=http://www.dailytarheel.com/index.php/article/2010/11/unc_wrestling_coach_cd_mock_brings_fighting_mindset_to_the_mat |access-date=31 March 2014 |publisher=The Daily Tar Heel |archive-date=9 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509022555/http://www.dailytarheel.com/index.php/article/2010/11/unc_wrestling_coach_cd_mock_brings_fighting_mindset_to_the_mat |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu gwagwarmayar Mock a gasar mutum sun hada da Evan Sola wanda ya kasance na shida a gasar ACC a 2005 da kuma Evan Henderson wanda ya sami matsayi na huɗu na ACC a 2014. <ref name=":1" /> == Rikici == A cikin 2015, bayan ya yi magana game da aikace-aikacen dokar tarayya ta Title IX game da ɗansa a [[Jami'ar Tennessee]], an dakatar da aikin Mock a Jami'an North Carolina. A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2015, Mock ya buga wata sanarwa ta sirri a shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar James G. Martin don Sabuntawa ta Ilimi, ƙungiyar masu fafutukar ilimi mafi girma.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Mock |first=C. D. |date=2016-05-31 |title=I Fought Political Correctness and Correctness Won |url=https://jamesgmartin.center/2015/09/i-fought-political-correctness-and-correctness-won/ |access-date=2025-04-08 |website=The James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya rubuta cewa a watan Yunin 2014, an zargi ɗansa da cin zarafin jima'i kuma an watsar da batun lokacin da alƙali ya yi imanin cewa mai tuhuma bai cika nauyin tabbatar da rashin amincewa ba.<ref name=":2" /> Mock ya rubuta, "tsarin da nake da shi cewa karuwar dogaro da kwamitocin harabar da masu gudanarwa da ke amfani da ka'idojin amincewa maimakon bin tsarin shari'a da ya dace dole ne ya kasance ... manyan mutanen UNC".<ref name=":2" /> An kuma gabatar da rashin tasiri na horar da Mock a matsayin dalilin korarsa.<ref name=":2" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline|Conrad D. Mock, Jr.|C.D. Mock}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] 3tq5r5z8mn4wvs0345vjit3phpxnn81 0 147534 839486 833342 2026-05-23T20:24:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Library (Ukrainian) shi ne tsarin ɗakin karatu na National University of Kiev-Mohyle Academy, wanda aka kafa a 1615, an rufe shi a 1817 kuma an farfado da shi a 1991. Babban hanyar ilimi ce da ke tallafawa koyarwa, ilmantarwa, da burin bincike na jami'ar; ɗalibai, malamai, da jama'a gaba ɗaya na iya samun kayan aikinta daban-daban. Kusan kashi 70% littattafai ne da littattafai na lokaci-lokaci, waɗanda mutane, cibiyoyi da kungiyoyi daga ko'ina cikin duniya suka ba da gudummawa. Laburaren ya ƙunshi wurare da yawa a duk faɗin harabar jami'a. Daga cikin tarin akwai abubuwa masu yawa masu ban sha'awa kamar ɗaya daga cikin kofe huɗu na The Travels of Macarius, Patriarch of Antakiya by Paul na Aleppo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Petrova |first=Yulia |date=September 2015 |title=The Travels of Macarius: Return of the Forgotten Manuscript of A. Krymskiy |url=https://www.academia.edu/34623336 |journal=Revue des Études Sud-Est Européennes}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ba a san ranar da aka kirkirar tarin littattafan Kyiv Mohyla ba. Kimanin, ya fara aiki a lokutan Kyiv Brotherhood School, tun daga shekara ta 1615.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tysiachna |first=Nadia |title=An odd anniversary Kyiv-Mohyla Academy turns 395! |url=http://day.kyiv.ua/en/article/society/odd-anniversary |access-date=20 February 2018 |publisher=day.kyiv.ua}}</ref> Babban gudummawa ga kafa ɗakin karatu daga baya ya yi Petro Mohyla, wanda ya nuna damuwa ta musamman wajen wadatar da tarin ɗakin karatu. Ya ba da kyautar tarin littattafansa 'yan kwanaki kafin ya mutu. Amma mummunan gobarar da ta faru a shekara ta 1658 kusan ta lalata ɗakin karatu gaba daya. A karni na 18 ɗakin karatu ya tara littattafai 3,500 a cikin harsuna daban-daban, musamman a cikin Latin. A ƙarshen karni na 18 akwai abubuwa 12,000. A cikin karni na 19 an canja ɗakin karatu zuwa Kwalejin tauhidin Kyiv tare da jimlar tarin kusan abubuwa 150,000. Tun daga shekarun 1920 wani ɓangare na Laburaren an canja shi zuwa Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine . A cikin 1992 an buɗe ɗakin karatu a Jami'ar da aka sabunta. Da farko an samo shi ne a cikin Ikilisiyar Blagovischennia sannan kuma a cikin ɗakunan jami'ar da aka farfado. Rufewar Kwalejin tauhidi a farkon karni na 20 da abubuwan da suka biyo bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba, sun haifar da kusan lalacewar ɗakin karatu. A cikin shekarun mulkin kama karya, yawancin littattafan sun ɓace ko kuma an canja su zuwa wasu cibiyoyin. Littattafan da suka tsira yanzu suna cikin Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Library history |url=http://www.library.ukma.edu.ua/index.php?id=19&L=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221035645/http://www.library.ukma.edu.ua/index.php?id=19&L=1 |archive-date=21 February 2018 |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref> == Wuraren karatu da wuraren aiki == === Laburaren Bincike === [[Fayil:Київ_-_Братський_монастир._Корпус_академічний_старий_P1060262.JPG|thumb|Laburaren Bincike ya kasance a cikin Tsohon Ginin Kwalejin har zuwa 2017]] Tsohon Ginin Ilimi yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun gine-gine na Kontraktova Ploscha wanda ke kan Podil, tsohuwar gundumar [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Yana da tarihin rikitarwa na sake ginawa, duka masu aiki da kayan ado. An kammala ginin na asali mai hawa ɗaya a cikin 1703. An gina bene na biyu da Ikilisiyar Annunciation a gabashin gabashin ginin a cikin 1735-1740 ta Rafail Zaborovsky kuma bisa ga aikin gine-ginen Johann Schädel. Bayan babban gobara a Kyiv a cikin 1811 an sake gina ginin tare da sa hannun masanin gine-gine A. Melensky . A cikin shekarun 1860 an rufe tashoshin da aka bude. Tun daga rabi na biyu na ɗakin karatu na karni na 19 na Kwalejin tauhidin Kyiv (tsohuwar kwalejin Cocin Orthodox na Ukraine) an sanya shi a nan. Bayan da aka rufe Kwalejin a 1919, an shirya tarin littattafai masu ban sha'awa na Vernadsky Library a cikin Tsohon Ginin Kwalejin kuma ba a tura waɗannan tarin zuwa makarantar Kyiv-Mohyla ba bayan farfadowarta a shekarar 1992. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu shafin ya ɗan lalace (rufin, kayan ado). A cikin 1947, 1968, 1980 Old Academy ginin ya sami sabuntawa. A watan Fabrairun 1992 shafin ya zo ƙarƙashin ikon Jami'ar Kasa ta Kyiv-Mohyla Academy da Jami'ar Kwalejin Kasa ta Kyivi-Mohyle sun fara tattara abubuwan da ke cikinta a nan. A cikin 2017 matakin farko na ginin da aka tsara tun da daɗewa. An sake komawa ɗakin karatu da ɗakunan ajiya zuwa wasu gine-gine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Academy (Mazepa) Building |url=http://restoration.ukma.kiev.ua/en/content/old-academy-building |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=Restoration project }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Laburaren Amurka na Viktor Kytasty === An sanya sunan ɗakin karatu na Amurka ne don tunawa da Victor Kytasty, wanda ya sadaukar da kansa ga ci gaba da ci gaban Jami'ar Kyiv-Mohyla ta Kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://al.ukma.edu.ua/aboutal/history |access-date=2021-03-01 |website=al.ukma.edu.ua |archive-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116171427/https://al.ukma.edu.ua/aboutal/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Laburaren jama'a ne wanda aka kiyaye shi a matsayin sashen Jami'ar Kwalejin Kwalejin Kyiv-Mohyla. An buɗe shi bayan [[U.S. Embassy in Ukraine|Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Ukraine]] ya canja ɗakin karatu daga Gidan Amurka zuwa harabar Kwalejin Kyiv-Mohyla a shekarar 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://al.ukma.edu.ua/aboutal/history |access-date=2021-03-01 |website=al.ukma.edu.ua |archive-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116171427/https://al.ukma.edu.ua/aboutal/history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Laburaren yana ba masu karatu albarkatun harshen Ingilishi na zamani, littattafai ga yara da manya, damar Intanet kyauta, da abubuwan nishaɗi kamar nuna fina-finai na dare na Jumma'a. Adireshin: 8/5 Voloska str. , gini 4 dakin #116.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2016 |title=Top 3 Places to Find Books in Foreign Languages in Kiev |url=http://destinations.com.ua/shopping/top-3-places-to-find-books-in-foreign-languages-in-kiev |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=DestinationsUkraine }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2010 |title=Ambassador John Tefft opens renovated American Library |url=http://ukrweekly.com/archive/2010/The_Ukrainian_Weekly_2010-11.pdf |access-date=20 February 2018 |website=DestinationsUkraine }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin ɗakunan karatu a Ukraine == Manazarta == dz0azt9fwo8vmtrv4wgxq9i2zq3atcw 0 147554 839541 818455 2026-05-24T00:46:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Coy Eakin''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Texas Tech Red Raiders . == Ayyukan makarantar sakandare == Eakin ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Stephenville a Stephenville, Texas . A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya taimaka wajen jagorantar Stephenville zuwa taken jihar, inda ya yi rikodin tara don yadudduka 187 da kuma touchdowns uku a wasan zakarun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Field |first=Carson |date=2021-12-20 |title=Coy Eakin pushes Stephenville to 4A Division I title win |url=https://www.reporternews.com/story/sports/2021/12/20/coy-eakin-leads-stephenville-yellow-jackets-state-title/8969773002/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Abilene Reporter-News |language=en-US}}</ref> Eakin ya gama babban shekarunsa yana da jimlar 93 receptions don yadudduka 2,140 da 31 touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Logan |date=2022-01-31 |title=Nation's receiving yards leader Coy Eakin commits to Texas Tech |url=https://www.usatodayhss.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/01/31/coy-eakin-commits-texas-tech/76247568007/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=USA TODAY High School Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Texas Tech a kan tayin daga TCU, Jihar Washington, Arewacin Texas, da Yammacin Kentucky . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Field |first=Carson |date=2022-02-01 |title='Everything fell into place': Stephenville's Eakin commits to Tech as wide receiver |url=https://www.reporternews.com/story/sports/2022/02/01/stephenville-yellow-jacket-coy-eakin-join-texas-tech-football/9289518002/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Abilene Reporter-News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Bayan redshirting a 2022, lokacin wasa na Eakin ya karu a 2023, duk da shan wahala daga karyewar ƙashin kai sau biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Don |date=2024-10-24 |title=Texas Tech football's Coy Eakin a competitor in more than one arena |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/sports/college/red-raiders/2024/10/24/texas-tech-football-coy-eakin-chose-football-over-rodeo-tie-down-roping-team-roping/75728907007/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Eakin drives through adversity, coming on as reliable target |url=https://texastech.rivals.com/news/eakin-drives-through-adversity-coming-on-as-reliable-target |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=texastech.rivals.com |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616205838/https://texastech.rivals.com/news/eakin-drives-through-adversity-coming-on-as-reliable-target |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta farko tare da kama 36 don yadudduka 416 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, Eakin ya samu karbuwa 49 don yadudduka 652 da kuma touchdowns bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Don |date=2025-03-13 |title=Texas Tech football receiver Coy Eakin enjoys 'more freedom' in his new position |url=https://www.lubbockonline.com/story/sports/college/red-raiders/2025/03/13/texas-tech-football-coy-eakin-embraces-position-switch/81844407007/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> Kafin kakar 2025, ya canza lambar rigarsa zuwa 3, wanda ake la'akari da babban girmamawa a cikin shirin Texas Tech.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaplan |first=Ty |date=2025-03-11 |title=McGuire extends No. 3 jersey legacy to Eakin |url=https://www.dailytoreador.com/sports/mcguire-extends-no-3-jersey-legacy-to-eakin/article_24207d36-fe95-11ef-bd81-ef9a814deaeb.html |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=The Daily Toreador |language=en |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616205839/https://www.dailytoreador.com/sports/mcguire-extends-no-3-jersey-legacy-to-eakin/article_24207d36-fe95-11ef-bd81-ef9a814deaeb.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2022 !Fasahar Texas | colspan="10" |''Redshirted[[Fayil:Redshirt.svg|15x15px|Redshirt]]'' |- !2023 !Fasahar Texas |10 |36 |416 |11.6 |2 |- !2024 !Fasahar Texas |13 |49 |652 |13.3 |7 |- !2025 !Fasahar Texas |13 |47 |626 |13.3 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/coy-eakin-1.html Ayyuka] !36 !132 !1,694 !12.8 !15 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://texastech.com/sports/football/roster/coy-eakin/13707 Labarin Texas Tech Red Raiders] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dvvajbkd11jt7o40fdpedvo52v5gm62 0 147670 839524 819056 2026-05-23T22:39:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clara Livingston''' (1900 a Chautauqua, New York, &#x2013; Janairu 29, 1992 a [[Puerto Rico]] ) ita ce mace ta 200 da aka ba lasisin tukin jirgi mai saukar ungulu kuma mace ta 11 a duniya. Livingston ta yi tafiyar jirgin sama ta farko a shekarar 1927. Ita 'yar Alfred Livingston ce. A shekarun 1940, Livingston ta shiga cikin Rundunar Sojojin Mata (WAC). Ita ce kuma Kwamandan Wing na Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Puerto Rico . Tana da shekaru 25, mahaifinta ya mutu kuma ta kula da kadarorinsa, a Dorado, Puerto Rico, tsawon shekaru ashirin da suka biyo baya. Ta gina filin saukar jiragen sama nata, wanda aka sani da Filin Jirgin Sama na Dorado, a kan wannan {{Convert|1700|acre|km2}} . mallakar gida. A shekarar 1937, [[Amelia Earhart]], wacce abokiyar Livingston ce, ta tsaya a lokacin jirginta na ƙarshe a Filin Jirgin Sama na Isla Grande kuma ta kwana a can. Gidanta ya shahara sosai a cikin wani gari da aka sani da Dorado Beach saboda gidan tarihi ne wanda ta sake ginawa a shekarar 1928. <ref name="National Air and Space Museum 2016">{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2016 |title=Ms. Clara Livingston |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/support/wall-of-honor/ms-clara-livingston |access-date=September 3, 2019 |website=National Air and Space Museum}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 11, 2008 |title=Clara Livingston |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDl3QaF-XzE&ab_channel=Tmullee |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602221222/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDl3QaF-XzE&ab_channel=Tmullee |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=May 31, 2021 |website=Youtube }}</ref> == Gado == Kyautar Kanar Clara E. Livingston Good Citizen Award wani tallafin karatu ne na matakin fikafikai wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya fara harkar sufurin jiragen sama wanda ake ba wa ɗaliban Puerto Rico Wing Civil Air Patrol kowace shekara, wanda ke ba da kyautar dala $1,000 ga ɗaliban jami'a huɗu waɗanda suka nuna halayen biyayya ga ƙasa, jiha, abokai, iyali da abokai. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] aney02f3rqvytiahqel5u05xch77x7a 0 147896 839589 833475 2026-05-24T06:57:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dell Williams''' (née '''Zetlin''' ; Agusta 5, 1922 - Maris 11, 2015) 'yar kasuwa ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai fafutukar 'yancin mata, jima'i, da lafiyar jima'i. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Dell |title=United States Public Records Index |url=https://familysearch.org |access-date=December 11, 2013 |publisher=familysearch.org}}</ref> Ita ce ta kafa (a cikin 1974) kasuwancin farko na kayan wasan jima'i na mata a Amurka, Eve's Garden, a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . <ref name="margalitfox" /> <ref name="amazon1" /> Ita ce kasuwancin kayan wasan jima'i na farko mallakar mata kuma wanda mata ke gudanarwa a Amurka. <ref name="evesgarden">{{Cite web |title=Official Eve's Garden Website |url=http://www.evesgarden.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820092416/https://www.evesgarden.com/ |archive-date=2020-08-20 |access-date=2014-10-30}}</ref> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1945, ta shiga Rundunar Sojojin Mata . A shekarar 1974, ta kafa kasuwancin kayan wasan mata na mata na farko a Amurka, Eve's Garden, a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . Eve's Garden ita ce kasuwancin kayan wasan mata na farko mallakar mata kuma mata ke gudanarwa a Amurka. <ref name="evesgarden"/> Kamar yadda Williams ya faɗa, "Hauwa'u ta wakilci dukkan mata kuma Lambun alama ce ta mata da ke ɗaukar alhakin 'jinsi' nasu." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dell Williams profile |url=http://www.vfa.us/DELL%20WILLIAMS.htm |access-date=2012-11-24 |publisher=Vfa.us |archive-date=2019-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129152418/http://ww25.vfa.us/DELL%20WILLIAMS.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta sami kwarin gwiwa wajen kafa wannan sana'a bayan ta halarci wani taron "Jiki/Sex Workshop" na Betty Dodson a birnin New York sannan daga baya ta je ta sayi Hitachi Magic Wand don amfani da shi a matsayin na'urar girgiza, amma ta gano cewa mai sayar da kayan a Macy's ya yi mata tambaya mai ban mamaki game da hakan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-28 |title=Dell Williams A Sexual Pioneer for Women |url=http://bitchlifestyle.com/2010/09/dell-williams-a-sexual-pioneer-for-women |access-date=2012-11-24 |publisher=Bitch Lifestyle }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="nypress1">{{Cite web |date=2011-04-13 |title=Good Vibes: Eve's Garden Founder Appears in West Side Benefit for Women |url=http://nypress.com/good-vibes-eve%E2%80%99s-garden-founder-appears-in-west-side-benefit-for-women |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214025516/http://nypress.com/good-vibes-eve%E2%80%99s-garden-founder-appears-in-west-side-benefit-for-women/ |archive-date=2013-12-14 |access-date=2012-11-24 |publisher=NYPress.com}}</ref> Williams ta kuma danganta kafa wannan shagon da karanta littafin Wilhelm Reich mai suna ''The Function of the Orgasm'' a farkon shekarunta na ashirin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Williams, Dell |date=August 1990 |title=The Roots of the Garden |journal=[[The Journal of Sex Research]] |volume=27 |issue=3, Feminist Perspectives on Sexuality. Part 2 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/00224499009551572 |jstor=3812814}}</ref> Williams ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo na wani lokaci kuma ta fito a cikin shirye-shiryen ''The Vagina Monologues'' . <ref name="nypress1"/> Matsayinta mafi shahara wataƙila shine a cikin wani fim na 1962, ''The Cliff Dwellers'', wani fim wanda aka zaɓa don lambar yabo ta Academy . Baya ga wannan, ta kasance mawaƙiya, samfurin masu fasaha, kuma marubuciya a lokacin shekarun 1930 da 1940, kuma daga baya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'an talla mata na farko da suka yi nasara a birnin New York. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ita 'yar Isaac da Sarah (née Bronstein) Zetlin ce. An yi mata aure na ɗan lokaci, ga Ted Willms, wani nau'in sunan mahaifi da ta riƙe a matsayin sana'a duk da cewa an soke auren. Ba ta da 'ya'ya. Williams ya mutu a Manhattan a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2015, yana da shekaru 92. == Gado == A shekarar 2005, an buga littafin tarihin rayuwarta, Revolution in the Garden . [1] Wasu daga cikin takardunta an ajiye su a matsayin takardun Dell Williams a cikin Sashen Jima'i na Dan Adam na Tarin Rubuce-rubuce Masu Rare da Manuscript a Laburaren Jami'ar Cornell . [2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] 1a4w8vz7synilacjs18n2wht4ntzrtp 0 148070 839543 821020 2026-05-24T01:11:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839543 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Curtis Jones in 2022.jpg|thumb|Curtis Jones]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Curtis Jones | full_name = Curtis Julian Jones | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2001|1|30}} | birth_place = Liverpool, Ingila | position = Tsakiyar fili (Midfielder) | currentclub = Liverpool | clubnumber = 17 | youthyears1 = 2010–2018 | youthclubs1 = Liverpool | years1 = 2018– | clubs1 = Liverpool | caps1 = 100+ | goals1 = 10+ | nationalyears1 = 2018 | nationalteam1 = Ingila U18 | nationalcaps1 = 3 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2019 | nationalteam2 = Ingila U19 | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 1 | nationalyears3 = 2020–2023 | nationalteam3 = Ingila U21 | nationalcaps3 = 15+ | nationalgoals3 = 5+ }} '''Curtis Julian Jones''' (an haife shi 30 ga Janairu 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin tsakiyar fili ga kulob ɗin [[Liverpool F.C.]] da kuma wakiltar ƙasar Ingila a matakin matasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis Jones Profile |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/team/first-team/player/curtis-jones |publisher=Liverpool FC |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Curtis Jones a birnin Liverpool na ƙasar Ingila, inda ya taso cikin masoya ƙungiyar Liverpool tun yana ƙarami.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis Jones Biography |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/14805/Curtis-Jones/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Liverpool tun yana ɗan shekara tara, inda ya fara nuna hazaka a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiyar fili mai iya kai hari. == Aikin Kulob == Jones ya fara bugawa babbar ƙungiyar Liverpool wasa a shekarar 2018 bayan ya fito daga ajin matasa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jones signs new Liverpool contract |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Ya shahara sosai bayan ya ci ƙwallo mai kyau a wasan FA Cup da aka buga tsakanin Liverpool da Everton a shekarar 2020, wanda ya sa aka yaba masa sosai a kafafen yaɗa labarai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Liverpool 1-0 Everton: Curtis Jones scores winner |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/ |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> A kakar wasanni ta 2019–20, ya taimaka wa Liverpool ta lashe gasar Premier League, kodayake bai kasance cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu yawan buga wasa ba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Premier League 2019/20 Review |url=https://www.premierleague.com |publisher=Premier League |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Daga baya ya ci gaba da zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan da kulob ɗin ke bai wa dama a tsakiyar fili. == Aikin Ƙasa == Jones ya wakilci Ingila a matakan U18, U19 da U21.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curtis Jones - England Profile |url=https://www.thefa.com |publisher=The FA |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar Ingila U21, inda ya taimaka wajen samun nasarori a wasannin Turai na matasa. == Salon Wasan == Curtis Jones an san shi da ƙwarewa wajen riƙe ƙwallo, iya wuce abokan hamayya da kuma harba ƙwallo daga nesa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Player Analysis: Curtis Jones |url=https://www.skysports.com |publisher=Sky Sports |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> Yana taka rawa a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiyar fili mai kai hari (attacking midfielder), amma yana iya taka leda a wasu matsayi na tsakiya gwargwadon buƙatar koci. == Nasarori == * '''Liverpool''' ** Premier League: 2019–20<ref>{{cite web |title=Premier League Winners 2019/20 |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com |publisher=Liverpool FC |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ** FA Cup: 2021–22<ref>{{cite web |title=FA Cup Final 2022 |url=https://www.thefa.com |publisher=The FA |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> ** EFL Cup: 2021–22<ref>{{cite web |title=Carabao Cup 2022 Final |url=https://www.efl.com |publisher=EFL |access-date=14 Afrilu 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Ingila]] [[Category:Mutanen Liverpool]] [[Category:Midfielders]] 4ujr2mzp1l63al532w8fvvlzgzmn7qp 0 148204 839343 839242 2026-05-23T14:48:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Cecilia Chimbiri | birth_date = | birth_place = Zimbabwe | citizenship = Zimbabwean | occupation = Politician; human rights activist | known_for = Pro-democracy activism; 2020 abduction case | political_party = Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC); Movement for Democratic Change (MDC Alliance) | office = Harare City Councillor (Women's quota) | organizations = Citizens Coalition for Change; MDC Alliance; Women's Academy for Africa; Forum 2000 | years_active = 2009–present }} [[File:Cecillia Chimbiri.jpg | thumb | upright | right | alt= Cecillia Chimbiri | Zimbabwean Politician ]] '''Cecilia Chimbiri''' mai fafutukar dimokuraɗiyya ce kuma mai kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam daga ƙasar Zimbabwe. Ta taɓa riƙe muƙamin shugabar matasa ta riƙo a jam’iyyar MDC Alliance. Haka kuma memba ce ta jam’iyyar Citizens Coalition for Change ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nelson Chamisa. == Ayyuka == A shekarar 2009, Cecillia Chimbiri ta yi aiki a gwamnatin haɗin kai ta ƙasa (Government of National Unity) a matsayin mataimakiyar yaɗa labarai ga mataimakin firaminista Farfesa Arthur Mutambara. An nada ta a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki wanda Kwamitin Majalisar Dokoki na Tsarin Mulki (COPAC) ke gudanarwa a matsayin Rapporteur har zuwa matakin rubuce-rubuce a matsayin Mataimakin Fasaha. A matakin raba gardama na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 2013 ta kasance mai rubutun ra'ayin yanar gizo don Vote Yes for the People Driven Constitution by (Copac). An nada Cecillia Chimbiri a matsayin Jami'in Hulɗa na Siyasa ga Kwamitin Kulawa da Aiwatarwa na hadin gwiwa (JOMIC) a Mashonaland Central Provincial wakiltar MDC. JOMIC wani kwamitin jam'iyyun Zimbabwe ne wanda aka fara kaddamarwa a ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2009, bisa ga yarjejeniyar raba wutar lantarki ta Zimbabwe ta shekara ta 2008. Cecillia Chimbiri an jera ta a cikin bayanan mata na Forum 2000 a matsayin memba na kwamitin masana kan haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda ke bin abin da tsohon shugaban Czech Václav Havel ya gada kuma yana tallafawa dabi'un dimokuradiyya da girmama haƙƙin ɗanɗano, tare da taimakawa ci gaban jama'a. Ita tsohuwar tsohuwar Gidauniyar Friedrich Nauman ce, wacce ta lissafa ta a matsayin mai kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Defender: Fighting for Freedom and Democracy |url=https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/fnf-human-rights-defenders_web-final.pdf |access-date=11 December 2022 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924154403/https://www.freiheit.org/sites/default/files/2021-12/fnf-human-rights-defenders_web-final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce Mataimakin Sakatariyar Kwalejin Mata ta Afirka (yankin kudu). Ita ce Champion Change a cikin Citizens Coalition for Change karkashin jagorancin Shugaba Nelson Chamisa kuma kwanan nan aka nada ta Harare City Councillor a kan kashi 30% na mata. == Satar da mutane == A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2020, Chimbiri da wasu mata biyu, ciki har da 'yan majalisa [[Joanah Mamombe|Joana Mamombe]], 'yan fashi ne suka sace su a wani zanga-zangar [[Harare]] game da gazawar gwamnati wajen samar da matalauta a lokacin annobar COVID-19. Kwanaki biyu bayan haka, an sami matan, da suka ji rauni sosai kuma sun ji rauni, a gefen hanya mil sittin daga Harare. Sun bayar da rahoton cewa an azabtar da su kuma an yi musu fyade akai-akai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Opposition activists rearrested; one charged |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=www.amnesty.org.uk |archive-date=2025-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251022020253/https://www.amnesty.org.uk/urgent-actions/opposition-activists-rearrested-one-charged |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2021 |title=Zimbabwe High Court Grants 2 MDC Alliance Activists $20,000 Bail After Spending 2 Months in Prison |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-high-court-grants-mamombe-chimbiri-bail/5879499.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Bayan rahotanni game da lamarin, Mataimakin Ministan Bayanai na Zimbabwe Mutodi ya zargi su uku da "management-mataki" da satar da hare-hare don kawar da gwamnatin [[ZANU-PF]] mai mulki. A cikin wata hira, Mutodi ya yi iƙirarin cewa abokan adawar jam'iyyar da ke jagorantar sun yi amfani da " sace-sacen karya" don ba da mummunan haske ga gwamnati don haifar da martani na kasa da kasa da kuma haifar da ƙarin takunkumi ga gwamnati, tare da yiwuwar shiga tsakani na soja. Mutodi ya ci gaba da ba da shawarar cewa wasu mambobin jam'iyyar siyasa sun yi watsi da sace-sacen da aka ruwaito a watan Mayu 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2020 |title=MDC Breathes Fire As Zimbabwe Deputy Minister Says Joanna Mamombe, 2 Others Are Faking Abductions |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-deputy-minister-faking-abductions/5424121.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2020, an kama Chimbiri da sauran mata biyu a ofisoshin lauyoyin su kan zargin "sadarwa ko buga sanarwa ta karya da ke nuna bambanci ga jihar" da kuma "kashe ko hana hanyar adalci"; musamman, an zarge su da yin ƙarya game da sace da azabtar da su.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-13 |title=Zimbabwe opposition trio deny lying over abduction and torture |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/zimbabwe-opposition-trio-deny-lying-over-abduction-and-torture/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Da farko an tsare su har zuwa 26 ga Yuni, sannan aka sake su a ƙarƙashin yanayin beli daban-daban, gami da beli na ZWD $ 10,000, bayar da rahoto ga 'yan sanda akai-akai da kuma hana su tattauna abin da ake zargi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe: UN experts demand an immediate end to abductions and torture |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2020/06/zimbabwe-un-experts-demand-immediate-end-abductions-and-torture}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin satar mutane * Jerin shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j4hf8rnmx9iuv28723j5lltq0coys56 0 148219 839588 839199 2026-05-24T06:50:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Dekha Ibrahim Abdi | image = | image_size = 190px | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1964|11|17}} | birth_place = [[Wajir]], [[Kenya]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2011|07|14|1964|11|17}} | death_place = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] | resting_place = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] | occupation = [[Activism|Activist]] | children = 4 Children | title = | awards = [[Right Livelihood Award]] (2007) }} '''Dekha Ibrahim Abdi''' (Somali: Deeqa Ibraahim Cabdi, 17 ga Nuwamba 1964 – 14 ga Yuli 2011) ‘yar gwagwarmayar zaman lafiya ce daga ƙasar Kenya wadda take zaune a Mombasa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin farar hula shawara. Ta kasance daga ƙabilar Somaliyawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Dekha a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1964 a Wajir . Ta auri Dokta Hassan Nurrow Abdirahman tare da ita ta haifi 'ya'ya hudu. Ma'auratan sun sake aure a shekara ta 2007 kuma a shekara ta 2009, ta auri Abdinoor, likitan ido na Kenya.<ref name="Ttmrapbnabor">{{Cite web |title=Kenya: Taking to Men´s Role as Peace Builders Not a Bed of Roses &#124; visionews.net |url=http://www.visionews.net/kenya-taking-to-men%C2%B4s-role-as-peace-builders-not-a-bed-of-roses/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018185446/http://www.visionews.net/kenya-taking-to-men%C2%B4s-role-as-peace-builders-not-a-bed-of-roses/ |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2020-05-28 |website=www.visionews.net}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dekha ta kasance mai kula da Coalition for Peace in Africa (COPA) da kuma NOMADIC, kungiyar makiyaya da ke zaune a Wajir . Ta kuma kasance memba na kafa kwamitin zaman lafiya da ci gaba na Wajir, hadin gwiwar zaman lafiya a Afirka, ACTION (Action for Conflict Transformation), da kuma Peace and Regeneration Oasis (PRO). Dekha ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan gina zaman lafiya da ci gaban makiyaya tare da hukumomin gida da na duniya da yawa a kasashe daban-daban, gami da Cambodia, Jordan, Habasha, Somalia, Afirka ta Kudu, Netherlands, Isra'ila, Falasdinu, Zimbabwe, Burtaniya, Uganda da Kenya. Ta kuma kasance Abokiyar Amsawa ga Rikicin kuma a baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Mai horar da RTC da Mai Gudanar da Ilimi. Wasu daga cikin sulhu da fahimtar zaman lafiya za a iya karantawa a cikin littafin "Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts: Small Steps to Peace" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lynne Rienner Publishers &#124; Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts Small Steps to Peace |url=https://www.rienner.com/title/Mediation_and_Governance_in_Fragile_Contexts_Small_Steps_to_Peace |website=www.rienner.com}}</ref> wanda aka buga a cikin 2019. Ana iya samun shirye-shiryen bidiyo na hira na 2010 da 2011 tare da Dekha a kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mediation and Governance in Fragile Contexts: Small Steps to Peace |url=https://css.ethz.ch/en/think-tank/themes/mediation-support-and-peace-promotion/mediation-governance.html |website=css.ethz.ch }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2007, an karrama Dekha Ibrahim Abdi da lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award. Kwamitin alƙalan ya yaba mata “saboda nuna yadda za a iya sulhunta bambance-bambancen addini da sauran saɓanin al’adu a yanayi daban-daban na ƙabilu da al’adu, ko bayan rikice-rikicen tashin hankali, tare da haɗa mutane ta hanyar haɗin kai wanda ke haifar da zaman lafiya da ci gaba.” An kuma girmama ta da Gernika's Peace and Reconciliation Prize a 2008 (Basque Country) da Hessian Peace Prize of Germany a 2009. == Mutuwa == A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2011, Dekha, mijinta Abdinoor, da direban su suna kan hanyarsu zuwa taron zaman lafiya a Garissa, lokacin da motarsu ta yi karo da babbar mota. Mijinta da direbanta sun mutu nan take. Dekha ya sami mummunan rauni kuma an kai shi [[Nairobi]]. Ta mutu jim kadan bayan haka a Asibitin Aga Khan da karfe 11.45 na safe, 14 ga Yuli 2011. Tana da shekaru 46. == Dubi kuma == * Kyautar Rayuwa ta Dama * Jerin masu fafutukar zaman lafiya == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 5a8wrjq9g67wtrf9mwsifpubtapfk7k 0 148644 839580 827272 2026-05-24T06:18:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839580 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Dawn Cavanagh''' (23 Maris 1962) 'yar gwagwarmayar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ce, [[marubuci]] kuma mai fafutuka mata.<ref name="unngls">{{Cite web |title=Patricia Dawn Cavanagh - UN-NGLS |url=https://www.unngls.org/IMG/docx/DAWN_CAVANAGH.docx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318103915/https://www.unngls.org/IMG/docx/DAWN_CAVANAGH.docx |archive-date=18 March 2023 |access-date=29 November 2017 |publisher=United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Cavanagh a ranar 23 ga Maris 1962. Ta halarci [[Fairvale Senior Secondary School|Makarantar Sakandare ta Fairvale]] a Wentworth, KwaZulu-Natal, kuma ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Natal]] tare da digiri na farko na Kimiyya a aikin zamantakewa a shekarar 1982. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] a 1996 kuma ta yi karatu don digiri na biyu a karatun ci gaba daga Jami'an Natal . <ref name="unngls"/> == Ayyuka == Cavanagh ta kasance mai aiki a [[Afirka ta Kudu]] a fannonin daidaito ga kiwon lafiya, gwagwarmayar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], haƙƙin mata, haƙƙin jima'i da haƙƙin haihuwa. Ta yi aiki a kan ayyukan Adalci na zamantakewa da ci gaba a cikin al'ummomin gida da kuma yankuna da na duniya.<ref name="cooper">{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=Meghan |date=November 2011 |title=Preventing the gendered reproduction of citizenship: the role of social movements in South Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41306010 |journal=Gender & Development |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=357–370 |doi=10.1080/13552074.2011.625634 |url-access=subscription |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, ta yi aiki ga Forum for the Empowerment of Women da Coalition of African Lesbians, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-03-07 |title=10 vozes femininas poderosas na luta por direitos iguais pelo mundo |url=https://claudia.abril.com.br/noticias/mulheres-a-frente-da-luta-por-direitos-iguais/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=CLAUDIA |language=pt-BR}}</ref> kungiyar kare hakkin mata ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kuma yi aiki ga Oxfam da kuma [[Masu Kare Ƴancin Jama'a|Masu kare hakkin bil'adama]], Akina Mama wa Afrika da Cibiyar Jagorancin Mata a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2019 |title=Re-orienting and strengthening the journey of feminist and transformational leadership at the African Women's Leadership Institute |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/re-orienting-and-strengthening-the-journey-of-feminist-and-transformational-leadership-at-the-african-womens-leadership-institute/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Akina Mama wa Afrika |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesbian empowerment programme - Women's Leadership Centre |url=https://www.wlc-namibia.org/projects/lesbian-empowerment-programme |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=www.wlc-namibia.org}}</ref> Ta taimaka wajen kafa Coalition of African [[Maɗigo|lesbian]] a shekara ta 2004 <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta zama darakta a shekara ta 2010. A cikin 2014, Cavanagh ya kafa shirin Masakhane ([[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]] don "Ku zo, bari mu sami ƙarfi tare") tare da LSVD na Jamus don samar da ingantaccen hanyar sadarwa da karfafawa ga mata masu jima'i da masu canza launin fata a Afirka ta kudu da Sahara. Cavanagh ya kuma yi aiki tare da AWID.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2012 |title=Ongoing Dilemmas: Religion, Fundamentalisms and Human Rights panel session - 12th AWID Forum |url=https://www.awid.org/news-and-analysis/ongoing-dilemmas-religion-fundamentalisms-and-human-rights-panel-session-12th |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=AWID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-20 |title=The Right To Autonomy Over Our Bodies And Loves: The Resolution On Human Rights, Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity Furthers Dialogue |url=https://sxpolitics.org/around-the-web-148/9908 |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Sexuality Policy Watch |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106230940/https://sxpolitics.org/around-the-web-148/9908 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Marler |first=Isabel |date=26 September 2016 |title=12 Activists Who Will Make You Hopeful For Feminist Futures |url=https://wunrn.com/2016/09/12-activists-who-will-make-you-hopeful-for-feminist-futures/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=WUNRN |language=en-US}}</ref> == Littattafai == * "Rashin jadawalin Beijing a cikin Tekun 'Sabon Magani' ga cutar kanjamau da cutar kanjamauyyar cuta" (2005), a cikin ''Agenda: Karfafa Mata don Daidaita Jima'i.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cavanagh |first=Dawn |date=2005 |title=Losing the Beijing Agenda in the Sea of 'New Solutions' to HIV and AIDS |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4066563 |journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity |issue=64 |pages=17–20 |issn=1013-0950 |jstor=4066563}}</ref> * REFLECT na OTHER: Shekaru biyar na gina Gidauniyar Al'umma tare da mutanen LGBTIQ a Kudancin Afirka Binciken waje (2019) (tare da Hope Chigudu) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] inqo50utv6t9is7r7f83j2quz4czcvd 0 149347 839341 832245 2026-05-23T14:24:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839341 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Catherine Mzumara''' 'yar siyasa ce ta [[Malawi]] kuma memba ce ta majalisa daga zaben 2025. Ita memba ce ta United Transformation Movement kuma tana wakiltar mazabar Mzimba ta Arewa . == Rayuwa == Mzumara mamba ce a Ƙungiyar Canji ta Haɗin kai kuma an zabe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar Malawi ta Arewa.[1] Mzumara ta kammala digirin digirin ta a Jami'ar Peking a watan Yunin 2025. Rubutun ta, ''Gasar Siyasa da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki: Cikakken Bincike na Hanyar Ci gaban Malawi'', ya shafi jagorancin siyasa na ƙasar ta.<ref name="china">{{Cite web |last=Zgambo |first=Mike Lyson |date=2025-06-21 |title=Dr. Catherine Mzumara Officially Graduates with Doctorate in China - |url=https://malawiguardian.com/2025/06/21/dr-catherine-mzumara-officially-graduates-with-doctorate-in-china/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106143220/https://malawiguardian.com/2025/06/21/dr-catherine-mzumara-officially-graduates-with-doctorate-in-china/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta ba da rahoton cewa bincikenta ya nuna cewa rashin jagoranci shine babban dalilin tattalin arzikin Malawi. An ce tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan siyasa mata kalilan da ke da irin wannan ƙwarewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zgambo |first=Mike Lyson |date=2025-05-13 |title=Call her Dr. Catherine Mzumara |url=https://malawi24.com/2025/05/13/call-her-dr-catherine-mzumara/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=Malawi 24 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kasance dan takarar jam'iyyarta a mazabar Mzimba ta Arewa a zaben 2025. Wakilin mazabar ne dan majalisa na Malawi, Yolamu Ngwira . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Stringer |first=Patricia Mtungila-MEC |date=2018-10-30 |title=Mzimba North MP dumps PP for UTM: Brands DPP a party of crooks |url=https://malawi24.com/2018/10/30/mzimba-north-mp-dumps-pp-for-utm-brands-dpp-a-party-of-crooks/ |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Malawi 24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mzumara ya yi jawabi ga taron jama'a a watan Maris yana ba da rikodin Shugaba Lazarus Chakwera yana yin alkawura ga arewa. Ta yi jaddada cewa suna son kuri'un ku amma nan da nan "suna" mantawa da zarar an zabe su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-17 |title=UTM's Catherine Mzumara condemns politicians for deceiving the North |url=https://www.247malawi.com/utms-catherine-mzumara-condemns-politicians-for-deceiving-the-north/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |website=247MALAWI NEWS |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga baya ta sanar da gasar kwallon kafa ta kwacha miliyan 15 don gudana a cikin watanni da yawa tare da wasu abubuwan da suka faru ciki har da tattaunawa da rawa na gargajiya. Taron farko ya kasance a watan Yuli a makarantar firamare ta Thumbi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zgambo |first=Mike Lyson |date=2025-07-17 |title=Mzimba North Set to Shine as Dr. Catherine Mzumara Unveils K15 Million Football Trophy - |url=https://malawiguardian.com/2025/07/17/mzimba-north-set-to-shine-as-dr-catherine-mzumara-unveils-k15-million-football-trophy/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Har ila yau a watan Yulin an yi kira ga jama'a don a zabi Mzumara a matsayin mataimakin dan takarar shugaban kasa na UTM. Wata kungiya ta wucin gadi ta ba da shawarar cewa za ta ƙara daidaiton jinsi da yanki ga tikitin UTM.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-22 |title=Faith, CSO Leaders Rally Behind Dr. Catherine Mzumara as UTM Running Mate - |url=https://malawiguardian.com/2025/07/22/faith-cso-leaders-rally-behind-dr-catherine-mzumara-as-utm-running-mate/ |access-date=2025-10-04 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta sake dawo da mazabar ga United Transformation Movement a zaben. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=29 September 2025 |title=Announcement of the Determination of the Results of the Parliamentary Elections 2025 |journal=Malawi Election Commission |via=Malawi Election Commission}}</ref> Ta kasance banda ga nunawa mara kyau ta jam'iyyarta. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nzzpvv949mh7fpj5do3hirrnomblc9g 0 149553 839591 831068 2026-05-24T07:10:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Denis Mahmudov''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1989) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Macedonia wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon gefe]] a ƙungiyar Tweede Divisie ta TEC . == Sana'a == === Kulob === A watan Yunin 2015, Mahmudov ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din Levski Sofia na Bulgaria, amma ya sha wahala wajen kafa kansa a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya. Ya rabu da "bluemen" a hukumance a watan Janairun 2016. [1] A watan Mayun 2016, Banants ta saki Mahmudov, [2] ta kuma ci gaba da sanya hannu kan Telstar daga baya a wannan bazarar. [3] A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2019, Mahmudov ya rattaba hannu a kulob din FC Pyunik na gasar Premier ta Armenia . <ref name="Burzanović & Mahmudov">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2019 |title=Մարկո Բուրզանովիչը և Դենիս Մահմուդովը' Փյունիկի ֆուտբոլիստներ |url=https://fcpyunik.am/hy/article/265 |access-date=25 July 2019 |website=fcpyunik.am/ |publisher=FC Pyunik |language=Armenian}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2020, Pyunik ya sanar da cewa Mahmudov ya bar kulob din bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=5 ֆուտբոլիստ հեռացան Փյունիկից |url=https://fcpyunik.am/hy/article/615 |access-date=12 July 2020 |website=fcpyunik.am/ |publisher=FC Pyunik |language=Armenian}}</ref> Bayan ya bar Pyunik, Mahmudov ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Roeselare a ranar 5 ga Agusta, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2020 |title=Welkom Denis Mahmudov! |url=http://www.ksvroeselare.be/2020/08/welkom-denis-mahmudov/ |access-date=19 December 2020 |website=ksvroeselare.be/ |publisher=K.S.V. Roeselare |language=Dutch}}</ref> Ya fara kakar wasa ta 2020-21 a Italiya tare da ƙungiyar Siena da ta sha kashi a gasar Serie D, amma an sallame shi daga kwangilarsa a farkon Maris 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2021 |title=Il Siena rescinde il contratto di Denis Mahmudov, Rokas Krušnauskas e Artūras Žulpa |url=https://www.calciosenese.it/il-siena-rescinde-il-contratto-di-denis-mahmudov-rokas-krusnauskas-e-arturas-zulpa/ |access-date=17 May 2021 |publisher=Calcio Senese |language=Italian |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212125136/https://www.calciosenese.it/il-siena-rescinde-il-contratto-di-denis-mahmudov-rokas-krusnauskas-e-arturas-zulpa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Agusta 2021, Mahmudov ya sanya hannu tare da Tweede Divisie club TEC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2021 |title=🧡 {{!}} Denis Mahmudov sluit aan bij selectie TEC |url=https://www.svtec.nl/seniorenteams/%F0%9F%A7%A1-denis-mahmudov-sluit-aan-bij-selectie-tec/ |website=Voetbalvereniging TEC |language=nl}}</ref> == Daraja == === Kulob === '''PEC Zwolle''' * Garkuwar Johan Cruyff : 2014 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] k9ixa86pav8auqfjemxi4j6kxehro80 0 149560 839370 831102 2026-05-23T15:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Adah Agada''' Listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kulob din Croatia NK Istra 1961. Shi matashi ne na kasa da kasa na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Agada |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/charles-adah-agada/904879/ |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Soccerway}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Ya zira kwallaye takwas a wasanni biyar, ciki har da hat-track a kan Fiorentina, yayin da ya jagoranci kulob din Najeriya Mavlon FC zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar matasa ta Viareggio a Italiya a watan Fabrairun 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2024 |title=Nigerian golden boy Agada fires Mavlon to historic Italian Cup semis |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/nigerian-golden-boy-agada-fires-mavlon-to-historic-italian-cup-semis-2024022406145108458 |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Pulse Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Daniel Amokachi: Flying Eagles’ invitee Charles Agada nets hat-trick, sinks Fiorentina in Viareggio Cup |url=https://soccernet.ng/2024/02/new-daniel-amokachi-flying-eagles-invitee-charles-agada-nets-hat-trick-sinks-fiorentina-in-viareggio-cup.html/amp |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Soccernet.ng}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024, an danganta shi da tafiya zuwa kungiyar Queens Park Rangers ta EFL Championship a Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2024 |title=Flying Eagles striker Charles Agada signs first pro contract in England |url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/flying-eagles-striker-charles-agada-signs-first-pro-contract-in-england/ |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=scorenigeria}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2025, ya koma kungiyar Croatia NK Istra 1961 a kwangilar shekaru hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria U20 striker Charles Agada joins Croatian side Istra from Mavlon |url=https://soccernet.ng/2025/02/nigeria-u20-striker-charles-agada-joins-croatian-side-istra-from-mavlon.html/amp |access-date=16 May 2025 |website=soccernet.ng}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ya wakilci Najeriya U17 a gasar cin kofin Afirka U-17 ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Charles Agada: The new Golden Eaglets goalscoring sensation destined for football greatness |url=https://soccernet.ng/2023/04/meet-charles-agada-the-new-golden-eaglets-goalscoring-sensation-destined-for-football-greatness.html/ |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Soccernet.ng}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Maza ta Najeriya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20|Najeriya U20]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 6, 2024 |title=Countdown to U20 AFCON Qualifiers: Flying Eagles suffer major injury blow |url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/countdown-to-u20-afcon-qualifiers-flying-eagles-suffer-major-injury-blow/ |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Score Nigeria}}</ref> Ya buga wa Najeriya wasa a Wasannin Afirka na 2023 da aka jinkirta a Ghana a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2024 |title=Flying Eagles crash out of African Games |url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/flying-eagles-crash-out-of-african-games/ |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=21st Century Chronicle}}</ref> Ya buga wa Najeriya U20 wasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2025 |title=Argentina U20 vs. Nigeria U20 |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/match/argentina-pYHi8Iif/nigeria-IT2PhQXG/?mid=zgFd752F |access-date=23 December 2025 |website=Soccerway}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2025 |title=Flying Eagles Announce Final 21-Man Squad for 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/09/15/flying-eagles-announce-final-21-man-squad-for-2025-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ |website=Africa Top Sports |access-date=6 May 2026 |archive-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106051724/https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/09/15/flying-eagles-announce-final-21-man-squad-for-2025-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ya girma dan manoma a [[Otukpo]], [[Benue (jiha)|Jihar Benue]]. Ya halarci makaranta a Kwalejin Palmvill da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] bayan da Mavlon FC ta gano shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Agada: Son of a hunter and farmer who reminds everyone of Daniel Amokachi |url=https://soccernet.ng/2023/05/charles-agada-son-of-a-hunter-and-farmer-who-reminds-everyone-of-daniel-amokachi.html |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Soccernet.ng}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fm47rm3z0x7pbg45ly62c0n4e75v8je 0 149645 839357 839147 2026-05-23T15:24:20Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Maulidi Khembo''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Malawian . An zabe ta a majalisa a Zaben 2025 inda aka zaba ta don jagorantar kungiyar mata ta Malawi . == Rayuwa == An zabi Khembo a shekarar 2014 zuwa, yanzu an maye gurbinsa, mazabar Neno ta Kudu a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 2019. An zabe ta zuwa majalisa a zaben 2025 a watan Satumba a daidai lokacin da Mutani Tambala[1] ya zama dan majalisar wakilai na Jam'iyyar Demokaradiyya. An zabi Khembo a Neno Gabas da Tambala a Neno ta Kudu. Masu fafutuka da suka yi ta kokarin karfafa mata ‘yan takara sun rike Neno a matsayin “mafiyar ‘yar wasan Malawi a wakilcin mata a siyasance” kamar yadda kuma suke da Martha Chapendeka a matsayin kansila a Neno North.[2] Ta doke Patrick Kankwatira da Ismael Pius kuma dukkansu sun kai kara ga hukumar zaben Malawi inda suka ce an tafka kura-kurai amma aka yi watsi da karar. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] A cikin zaɓen 2025 a Malawi, yawan mata a majalisa ya karu daga 40 zuwa 48, amma a cikin majalisa mai girma. An zabe ta a matsayin sabon shugaban kungiyar mata ta Malawi a watan Nuwamba. Za ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Neno East Constituency member of Parliament Mary Maulidi Khembo has been elected chairperson |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1285591466933554&id=100064481388635&set=a.637876708371703 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Adadin mata 'yan majalisa sun karu, amma kashi ya kasance a kusan kashi 20%. Khembo ta bude wani bita a watan Fabrairun 2026 na ƙungiyar mata, tana lura da nasarorin da aka samu a wakilcin mata a sabuwar majalisa. [[Abiodun Olujimi]] ta halarci a madadin Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Afirka, Fenella Frost ta wakilci UNDP kuma Fatma Mahomed ta fito ne daga Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dosqefn4wuczvcao5vaaj5rm4wd1gya 839358 839357 2026-05-23T15:24:43Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Maulidi Khembo''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Malawian . An zabe ta a majalisa a Zaben 2025 inda aka zaba ta don jagorantar kungiyar mata ta Malawi . == Rayuwa == An zabi Khembo a shekarar 2014 zuwa, yanzu an maye gurbinsa, mazabar Neno ta Kudu a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 2019. An zabe ta zuwa majalisa a zaben 2025 a watan Satumba a daidai lokacin da Mutani Tambala[1] ya zama dan majalisar wakilai na Jam'iyyar Demokaradiyya. An zabi Khembo a Neno Gabas da Tambala a Neno ta Kudu. Masu fafutuka da suka yi ta kokarin karfafa mata ‘yan takara sun rike Neno a matsayin “mafiyar ‘yar wasan Malawi a wakilcin mata a siyasance” kamar yadda kuma suke da Martha Chapendeka a matsayin kansila a Neno North.[2] Ta doke Patrick Kankwatira da Ismael Pius kuma dukkansu sun kai kara ga hukumar zaben Malawi inda suka ce an tafka kura-kurai amma aka yi watsi da karar. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] A cikin zaɓen 2025 a Malawi, yawan mata a majalisa ya karu daga 40 zuwa 48, amma a cikin majalisa mai girma. An zabe ta a matsayin sabon shugaban kungiyar mata ta Malawi a watan Nuwamba. Za ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Neno East Constituency member of Parliament Mary Maulidi Khembo has been elected chairperson |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1285591466933554&id=100064481388635&set=a.637876708371703 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Adadin mata 'yan majalisa sun karu, amma kashi ya kasance a kusan kashi 20%. Khembo ta bude wani bita a watan Fabrairun 2026 na ƙungiyar mata, tana lura da nasarorin da aka samu a wakilcin mata a sabuwar majalisa. [[Abiodun Olujimi]] ta halarci a madadin Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Afirka, Fenella Frost ta wakilci UNDP kuma Fatma Mahomed ta fito ne daga Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] on9lh5zf7nhevjmv9zneyc3x0sdvsbf 839359 839358 2026-05-23T15:25:00Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mary Maulidi Khembo''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Malawian . An zabe ta a majalisa a Zaben 2025 inda aka zaba ta don jagorantar kungiyar mata ta Malawi . == Rayuwa == An zabi Khembo a shekarar 2014 zuwa, yanzu an maye gurbinsa, mazabar Neno ta Kudu a matsayin memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party kuma ta yi aiki har zuwa 2019. An zabe ta zuwa majalisa a zaben 2025 a watan Satumba a daidai lokacin da Mutani Tambala[1] ya zama dan majalisar wakilai na Jam'iyyar Demokaradiyya. An zabi Khembo a Neno Gabas da Tambala a Neno ta Kudu. Masu fafutuka da suka yi ta kokarin karfafa mata ‘yan takara sun rike Neno a matsayin “mafiyar ‘yar wasan Malawi a wakilcin mata a siyasance” kamar yadda kuma suke da Martha Chapendeka a matsayin kansila a Neno North.[2] Ta doke Patrick Kankwatira da Ismael Pius kuma dukkansu sun kai kara ga hukumar zaben Malawi inda suka ce an tafka kura-kurai amma aka yi watsi da karar. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need] A cikin zaɓen 2025 a Malawi, yawan mata a majalisa ya karu daga 40 zuwa 48, amma a cikin majalisa mai girma. An zabe ta a matsayin sabon shugaban kungiyar mata ta Malawi a watan Nuwamba. Za ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Neno East Constituency member of Parliament Mary Maulidi Khembo has been elected chairperson |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1285591466933554&id=100064481388635&set=a.637876708371703 |access-date=2025-12-11 |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Adadin mata 'yan majalisa sun karu, amma kashi ya kasance a kusan kashi 20%. Khembo ta bude wani bita a watan Fabrairun 2026 na ƙungiyar mata, tana lura da nasarorin da aka samu a wakilcin mata a sabuwar majalisa. [[Abiodun Olujimi]] ta halarci a madadin Cibiyar Nazarin Mata ta Afirka, Fenella Frost ta wakilci UNDP kuma Fatma Mahomed ta fito ne daga Mata na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9b6clu3sglstdq67ti1wohyfqpp98co 0 149647 839362 839146 2026-05-23T15:28:10Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839362 wikitext text/x-wiki    Chrissie Kanyasho 'yar siyasa ce 'yar kasar Malawi wacce mamba ce a majalisar dokokin kasar wacce ta wakilci Nkhata bay North. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar lafiya a lokacin cutar ta COVID-19. Ta rasa kujerar ta a zaben 2025. == Rayuwa == An haifi Kanyasho a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chrissie Kanyasho |url=https://data.connectedafrica.net/entities/986add83677f46e45728b5e7abbe05fd0f63ed15.a48ed84cefe5133c6d7d900dc9ae1ed1c59a4c17 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=data.connectedafrica.net}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na United Transformation Movement kuma tana wakiltar mazabar Nkhata bay North . An fara zabar ta ne a zaben Mayu 2019. <ref name="pwc">{{Cite web |title=Hon.Chrissie Kanyasho – PWC Malawi |url=https://pwcmalawi.org/hon-chrissie-kanyasho/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Kungiyar Mata ta Majalisar Dokokin Malawi kuma ta zauna a kwamitin kasafin kudi da kwamitin Pan African . <ref name="pwc" /> A cikin 2020 mataimakin sakataren yada labarai na jam'iyyar ta yanke shawarar barin jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party wadanda ke cikin gwamnati a lokacin. Kanyasho wanda ya riga ya kasance mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar a kan kudi ya kuma dauki matsayin mataimakin tallatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-27 |title=UTM appoints MP Kanyasho as deputy publicist: Faults Mid-Year Budget |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-appoints-mp-kanyasho-as-deputy-publicist-faults-mid-year-budget/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar aka sake gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa kuma an zabi [[Lazarus Chakwera]]. Ya ce zai kara mukaman ministoci zuwa kashi 40% mata. Ya kusan rasa burinsa amma ya nada mata hudu a matsayin ministoci da takwas a matsayin mataimakan ministoci. Kanyasho ya zama mataimakin ministan lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed feelings on Malawi's new cabinet |url=https://genderlinks.org.za/news/missed-opportunity-for-50-50-in-malawis-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Gender Links}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta karbi kayayyaki daga China. Kasar Sin ta aika da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na dala miliyan daya wanda ya hada da kayan gwaji, masu iska talatin da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya. Za a rarraba kayan zuwa asibitoci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project {{!}} china.aiddata.org |url=https://china.aiddata.org/projects/92591/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=china.aiddata.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021 Shugaban ya ayyana dokar ta-baci a fadin kasar saboda barkewar cutar. A cikin Yuli 2021 ta lura cewa ƙasar na fuskantar bullar cutar ta uku kuma tana gode wa jama'a, coci da Action for Progress Malawi saboda taimakonsu.[1] A cikin 2023 ta yi amfani da asusun ci gaban mazabarta don ƙirƙirar sararin ofis don malamai a makarantar Nthembo a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=UTM lawmaker Kalamula-Kanyasho hands over office block to Nthembo School |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-lawmaker-kalamula-kanyasho-hands-over-office-block-to-nthembo-school/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kasance dan takarar mazabar Nkhata Bay ta Arewa a Zaben 2025. Ta samu kusan kuri'u 2,000, amma Mackenzie Chipalamoto na DPP wanda ke da kuri'u sama da 4,600 ya doke ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mvona |first=Ralph |date=2025-09-19 |title=Rise, fall of giants in MPs' race |url=https://mwnation.com/rise-fall-of-giants-in-mps-race/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] csn1g06s1yrnhv1dy2qy1lyeynee57s 839363 839362 2026-05-23T15:28:24Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ 839363 wikitext text/x-wiki    Chrissie Kanyasho 'yar siyasa ce 'yar kasar Malawi wacce mamba ce a majalisar dokokin kasar wacce ta wakilci Nkhata bay North. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar lafiya a lokacin cutar ta COVID-19. Ta rasa kujerar ta a zaben 2025. == Rayuwa == An haifi Kanyasho a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chrissie Kanyasho |url=https://data.connectedafrica.net/entities/986add83677f46e45728b5e7abbe05fd0f63ed15.a48ed84cefe5133c6d7d900dc9ae1ed1c59a4c17 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=data.connectedafrica.net}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na United Transformation Movement kuma tana wakiltar mazabar Nkhata bay North . An fara zabar ta ne a zaben Mayu 2019. <ref name="pwc">{{Cite web |title=Hon.Chrissie Kanyasho – PWC Malawi |url=https://pwcmalawi.org/hon-chrissie-kanyasho/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Kungiyar Mata ta Majalisar Dokokin Malawi kuma ta zauna a kwamitin kasafin kudi da kwamitin Pan African . <ref name="pwc" /> A cikin 2020 mataimakin sakataren yada labarai na jam'iyyar ta yanke shawarar barin jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party wadanda ke cikin gwamnati a lokacin. Kanyasho wanda ya riga ya kasance mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar a kan kudi ya kuma dauki matsayin mataimakin tallatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-27 |title=UTM appoints MP Kanyasho as deputy publicist: Faults Mid-Year Budget |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-appoints-mp-kanyasho-as-deputy-publicist-faults-mid-year-budget/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar aka sake gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa kuma an zabi [[Lazarus Chakwera]]. Ya ce zai kara mukaman ministoci zuwa kashi 40% mata. Ya kusan rasa burinsa amma ya nada mata hudu a matsayin ministoci da takwas a matsayin mataimakan ministoci. Kanyasho ya zama mataimakin ministan lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed feelings on Malawi's new cabinet |url=https://genderlinks.org.za/news/missed-opportunity-for-50-50-in-malawis-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Gender Links}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta karbi kayayyaki daga China. Kasar Sin ta aika da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na dala miliyan daya wanda ya hada da kayan gwaji, masu iska talatin da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya. Za a rarraba kayan zuwa asibitoci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project {{!}} china.aiddata.org |url=https://china.aiddata.org/projects/92591/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=china.aiddata.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021 Shugaban ya ayyana dokar ta-baci a fadin kasar saboda barkewar cutar. A cikin Yuli 2021 ta lura cewa ƙasar na fuskantar bullar cutar ta uku kuma tana gode wa jama'a, coci da Action for Progress Malawi saboda taimakonsu.[1] A cikin 2023 ta yi amfani da asusun ci gaban mazabarta don ƙirƙirar sararin ofis don malamai a makarantar Nthembo a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=UTM lawmaker Kalamula-Kanyasho hands over office block to Nthembo School |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-lawmaker-kalamula-kanyasho-hands-over-office-block-to-nthembo-school/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kasance dan takarar mazabar Nkhata Bay ta Arewa a Zaben 2025. Ta samu kusan kuri'u 2,000, amma Mackenzie Chipalamoto na DPP wanda ke da kuri'u sama da 4,600 ya doke ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mvona |first=Ralph |date=2025-09-19 |title=Rise, fall of giants in MPs' race |url=https://mwnation.com/rise-fall-of-giants-in-mps-race/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dugqxt021o4mrxh2q5kfwkzb5mjoa7r 839364 839363 2026-05-23T15:28:47Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chrissie Kanyasho 'yar siyasa ce 'yar kasar Malawi wacce mamba ce a majalisar dokokin kasar wacce ta wakilci Nkhata bay North. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar lafiya a lokacin cutar ta COVID-19. Ta rasa kujerar ta a zaben 2025. == Rayuwa == An haifi Kanyasho a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chrissie Kanyasho |url=https://data.connectedafrica.net/entities/986add83677f46e45728b5e7abbe05fd0f63ed15.a48ed84cefe5133c6d7d900dc9ae1ed1c59a4c17 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=data.connectedafrica.net}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na United Transformation Movement kuma tana wakiltar mazabar Nkhata bay North . An fara zabar ta ne a zaben Mayu 2019. <ref name="pwc">{{Cite web |title=Hon.Chrissie Kanyasho – PWC Malawi |url=https://pwcmalawi.org/hon-chrissie-kanyasho/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Kungiyar Mata ta Majalisar Dokokin Malawi kuma ta zauna a kwamitin kasafin kudi da kwamitin Pan African . <ref name="pwc" /> A cikin 2020 mataimakin sakataren yada labarai na jam'iyyar ta yanke shawarar barin jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party wadanda ke cikin gwamnati a lokacin. Kanyasho wanda ya riga ya kasance mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar a kan kudi ya kuma dauki matsayin mataimakin tallatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-27 |title=UTM appoints MP Kanyasho as deputy publicist: Faults Mid-Year Budget |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-appoints-mp-kanyasho-as-deputy-publicist-faults-mid-year-budget/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar aka sake gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa kuma an zabi [[Lazarus Chakwera]]. Ya ce zai kara mukaman ministoci zuwa kashi 40% mata. Ya kusan rasa burinsa amma ya nada mata hudu a matsayin ministoci da takwas a matsayin mataimakan ministoci. Kanyasho ya zama mataimakin ministan lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed feelings on Malawi's new cabinet |url=https://genderlinks.org.za/news/missed-opportunity-for-50-50-in-malawis-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Gender Links}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta karbi kayayyaki daga China. Kasar Sin ta aika da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na dala miliyan daya wanda ya hada da kayan gwaji, masu iska talatin da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya. Za a rarraba kayan zuwa asibitoci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project {{!}} china.aiddata.org |url=https://china.aiddata.org/projects/92591/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=china.aiddata.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021 Shugaban ya ayyana dokar ta-baci a fadin kasar saboda barkewar cutar. A cikin Yuli 2021 ta lura cewa ƙasar na fuskantar bullar cutar ta uku kuma tana gode wa jama'a, coci da Action for Progress Malawi saboda taimakonsu.[1] A cikin 2023 ta yi amfani da asusun ci gaban mazabarta don ƙirƙirar sararin ofis don malamai a makarantar Nthembo a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=UTM lawmaker Kalamula-Kanyasho hands over office block to Nthembo School |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-lawmaker-kalamula-kanyasho-hands-over-office-block-to-nthembo-school/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kasance dan takarar mazabar Nkhata Bay ta Arewa a Zaben 2025. Ta samu kusan kuri'u 2,000, amma Mackenzie Chipalamoto na DPP wanda ke da kuri'u sama da 4,600 ya doke ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mvona |first=Ralph |date=2025-09-19 |title=Rise, fall of giants in MPs' race |url=https://mwnation.com/rise-fall-of-giants-in-mps-race/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4c1a9bwivt6kt9vjebokh0n4ofid1bq 839365 839364 2026-05-23T15:29:09Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chrissie Kanyasho''' ta kasance 'yar siyasa ce 'yar kasar Malawi wacce mamba ce a majalisar dokokin kasar wacce ta wakilci Nkhata bay North. Ta kasance mataimakiyar ministar lafiya a lokacin cutar ta COVID-19. Ta rasa kujerar ta a zaben 2025. == Rayuwa == An haifi Kanyasho a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chrissie Kanyasho |url=https://data.connectedafrica.net/entities/986add83677f46e45728b5e7abbe05fd0f63ed15.a48ed84cefe5133c6d7d900dc9ae1ed1c59a4c17 |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=data.connectedafrica.net}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na United Transformation Movement kuma tana wakiltar mazabar Nkhata bay North . An fara zabar ta ne a zaben Mayu 2019. <ref name="pwc">{{Cite web |title=Hon.Chrissie Kanyasho – PWC Malawi |url=https://pwcmalawi.org/hon-chrissie-kanyasho/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita memba ce a Kungiyar Mata ta Majalisar Dokokin Malawi kuma ta zauna a kwamitin kasafin kudi da kwamitin Pan African . <ref name="pwc" /> A cikin 2020 mataimakin sakataren yada labarai na jam'iyyar ta yanke shawarar barin jam'iyyar kuma ya shiga Jam'iyyar Democrat Progressive Party wadanda ke cikin gwamnati a lokacin. Kanyasho wanda ya riga ya kasance mai magana da yawun jam'iyyar a kan kudi ya kuma dauki matsayin mataimakin tallatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-27 |title=UTM appoints MP Kanyasho as deputy publicist: Faults Mid-Year Budget |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-appoints-mp-kanyasho-as-deputy-publicist-faults-mid-year-budget/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar aka sake gudanar da zaben shugaban kasa kuma an zabi [[Lazarus Chakwera]]. Ya ce zai kara mukaman ministoci zuwa kashi 40% mata. Ya kusan rasa burinsa amma ya nada mata hudu a matsayin ministoci da takwas a matsayin mataimakan ministoci. Kanyasho ya zama mataimakin ministan lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mixed feelings on Malawi's new cabinet |url=https://genderlinks.org.za/news/missed-opportunity-for-50-50-in-malawis-new-cabinet/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=Gender Links}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2020 a lokacin annobar COVID-19 ta karbi kayayyaki daga China. Kasar Sin ta aika da kayan aikin kiwon lafiya na dala miliyan daya wanda ya hada da kayan gwaji, masu iska talatin da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya. Za a rarraba kayan zuwa asibitoci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project {{!}} china.aiddata.org |url=https://china.aiddata.org/projects/92591/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=china.aiddata.org |language=en}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021 Shugaban ya ayyana dokar ta-baci a fadin kasar saboda barkewar cutar. A cikin Yuli 2021 ta lura cewa ƙasar na fuskantar bullar cutar ta uku kuma tana gode wa jama'a, coci da Action for Progress Malawi saboda taimakonsu.[1] A cikin 2023 ta yi amfani da asusun ci gaban mazabarta don ƙirƙirar sararin ofis don malamai a makarantar Nthembo a Nkhata Bay . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=UTM lawmaker Kalamula-Kanyasho hands over office block to Nthembo School |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/utm-lawmaker-kalamula-kanyasho-hands-over-office-block-to-nthembo-school/ |access-date=2025-02-02 |website=www.nyasatimes.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kasance dan takarar mazabar Nkhata Bay ta Arewa a Zaben 2025. Ta samu kusan kuri'u 2,000, amma Mackenzie Chipalamoto na DPP wanda ke da kuri'u sama da 4,600 ya doke ta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mvona |first=Ralph |date=2025-09-19 |title=Rise, fall of giants in MPs' race |url=https://mwnation.com/rise-fall-of-giants-in-mps-race/ |access-date=2025-09-21 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] assnbre8afoyb2ikqmpazynsxytlk80 0 149917 839611 832425 2026-05-24T08:26:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dick van Burik''' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1973) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya na tsakiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=van Burik, Dick |url=https://www.kicker.de/dick-van-burik/spieler/bundesliga/2006-07/hertha-bsc |access-date=12 February 2011 |publisher=[[Kicker (magazine)|Kicker]] |language=German}}</ref> Van Burik yana da 'ya'ya uku a lokacin aikinsa na ƙwallon ƙafa: Dominique, Michele, da Estelle van Burik. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-19 |title=Dick van Burik zurück zu Hertha? |url=https://www.bild.de/sport/fussball/kommt-der-hollaender-zurueck-zu-hertha-10521392.bild.html |access-date=2021-09-10 |website=bild.de |language=de}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Born in Utrecht, Van Burik played in the Eredivisie with Ajax, NAC and FC Utrecht.<ref>[http://www.nac.nl/108/newsid/7941/Van-Burik-naar-FC-Utrecht.html Van Burik naar FC Utrecht]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - NAC {{In lang|nl}}</ref> Duk da haka, an fi saninsa da shekaru 10 a ƙungiyar Bundesliga ta Jamus Hertha BSC, inda ya zama babban ɗan wasan tsaron gida kuma kyaftin a ƙungiyar da ta shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA sau biyar da kuma gasar zakarun Turai ta 1999-2000 (sakamakon matsayi na uku a gasar a 1998-99, inda Van Burik ya fito a gasa goma na gasar zakarun Turai, yayin da Hertha ya kai matakin rukuni na biyu). Hertha ta kori Van Burik bayan da kungiyar ta zarge shi da taka rawa wajen tafiyar abokin wasansa Jérôme Boateng, wanda abokin cinikinsa ne na mahaifin Van Burik kuma wakilin kwallon kafa Karel. [1] Duk da cewa kungiyoyi daban-daban sun nuna sha'awarsa, daga karshe ya zabi yin ritaya a matsayin kwararren dan wasan kwallon kafa a watan Yunin 2007, yana da shekaru 33. == Ritaya == Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin manaja a [[SC Heerenveen]] daga Fabrairu zuwa Yuni 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dick van Burik |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe40743/dick-van-burik/ |access-date=12 February 2011 |publisher=worldfootball.net}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Van Burik yana gudanar da wata hukumar kwallon kafa ta duniya, [https://www.eurosocceradvice.com/en/ EuroSoccerAdvice], kuma shi ne mamallakin wani kamfanin kariya, [https://vbcoatings.nl/en/home/ VB Coatings] . <ref>[http://www.quotenet.nl/Nieuws/Dick-van-Burik-over-zijn-eerste-miljoen-Ik-onderneem-zoals-ik-voetbalde-159085 Dick van Burik over zijn eerste miljoen: 'Ik onderneem zoals ik voetbalde'] - Quotenet {{In lang|nl}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] 5pu35qdmmqhqudz39t6gtinygx87w22 0 150002 839612 832625 2026-05-24T08:27:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dickson Abiama''' Listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1998) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Najeriya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na Jamusanci Liga" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="3. Liga" typeof="mw:Transclusion">3. Kungiyar Liga Rot-Weiss Essen a aro daga [[1. FC Kaiserslautern|FC Kaiserslautern]]">1. FC Kaiserslautern . == Ayyuka == Abiama ya fara bugawa Greuther Fürth wasa a zagaye na farko na 2020-21 DFB-Pokal a ranar 12 ga Satumba 2020, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Branimir Hrgota a minti na 72 a kan kungiyar RSV Meinerzhagen ta biyar. Ya zira kwallaye biyu a minti na 113 da 118 don samun nasara 6-1 ga Fürth bayan karin lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2020 |title=Germany » DFB-Pokal 2020/2021 » 1. Round » RSV Meinerzhagen – SpVgg Greuther Fürth 1:6 |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/match-report/ma9100561/lineup/ |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=WorldFootball.net}}</ref> Ya yi [[2. Bundesliga|Bundesliga]]" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2. Bundesliga">2. Bundesliga ta fara a mako mai zuwa a ranar 20 ga Satumba, sau ɗaya a kan zuwa a matsayin mai maye gurbin Hrgota a minti na 89 na wasan gida na Fürth da VfL Osnabrück, wanda ya ƙare a matsayin 1-1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2020 |title=Germany » 2. Bundesliga 2020/2021 » 1. Round » SpVgg Greuther Fürth – VfL Osnabrück 1:1 |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/match-report/ma9114979/lineup/ |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=WorldFootball.net}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2021, a ranar wasan karshe na [[Bundesliga]]" id="mwLA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2020–21 2. Bundesliga">2. A kakar Bundesliga, Abiama ya zira kwallaye masu nasara a minti na 83 na nasarar 3-2 a gida da Fortuna Düsseldorf, koda kuwa Greuther Fürth yana da mutane 10 kawai a filin wasa. Wanda ya lashe Abiama zai zama babban burin da ya tabbatar da ci gaban Fürth zuwa Bundesliga na 2021-22, yayin da nasarar da aka samu a kan Düsseldorf ta ɗaga Fürth daga matsayi na uku a cikin rukuni (wurin ci gaba), zuwa na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahl |first=Tushar |date=23 May 2021 |title=VfL Bochum and Greuther Fürth promoted to the Bundesliga after thrilling final day |url=https://bvbbuzz.com/2021/05/23/vfl-bochum-greuther-furth-promoted-bundesliga/ |access-date=23 May 2021 |website=BVB Buzz}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 2024, Abiama ya sanya hannu ga abokin tarayya 2. Ƙungiyar Bundesliga [[1. FC Kaiserslautern|FC Kaiserslautern]]">1. FC Kaiserslautern . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2024 |title=DICKSON ABIAMA WIRD EIN ROTER TEUFEL |trans-title=Dickson Abiama becomes a Red Devil |url=https://fck.de/de/dickson-abiama-wird-ein-roter-teufel/ |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=fck.de |language=German}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2025, TSV 1860 Munich ta ba da rancensa a cikin 3. Liga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2025 |title=Viel Tempo auf der AuSSenbahn: Löwen leihen Dickson Abiama aus. |trans-title=Lots of pace on the wing: Lions loan Dickson Abiama. |url=https://www.tsv1860.de/de/Aktuelles_News/8261.htm |access-date=3 February 2025 |publisher=TSV 1860 Munich |language=de |archive-date=3 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203144221/https://www.tsv1860.de/de/Aktuelles_News/8261.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2026, Abiama ya shiga 3. Ƙungiyar Liga Rot-Weiss Essen a kan aro.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2026 |title=Dickson Abiama wechselt an die Hafenstraße |trans-title=Dickson Abiama moves to Hafenstraße |url=https://www.rot-weiss-essen.de/2026/02/03/dickson-abiama-wechselt-an-die-hafenstrasse/ |access-date=3 February 2026 |publisher=Rot-Weiss Essen |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] 9on4akhj1lx97nirs0jqo5cpsp4rjlw 0 150301 839333 833484 2026-05-23T13:17:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Carlos Roberto Forbs Borges''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Maris 2004) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Portugal wanda ke buga ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙungiyar [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ta Belgian Pro League Club Brugge da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Portugal . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === An haife shi a Sintra, yankin Lisboa, Forbs ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a can, kafin ya ji daɗin ɗan gajeren lokaci a Sporting CP a [[Lisbon|babban birnin]] . Ya koma Ingila yana da shekaru kusan 11, inda ya yi karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Haɗin gwiwa ta Leeds, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya jawo hankalin masu neman shiga [[Premier League|gasar Premier]], inda ya shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta Manchester City a 2015. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Guerra |first=Francisco |date=7 September 2022 |title=Carlos Borges, a nova coqueluche do Manchester City |url=https://www.record.pt/internacional/paises/inglaterra/man--city/detalhe/carlos-borges-a-nova-coqueluche-do-manchester-city |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=[[Record (Portuguese newspaper)|Record]] |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Brennan |first=Stuart |date=1 February 2022 |title=Man City have another Portuguese star in the making |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/man-city-fourth-portuguese-star-22948856 |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=[[Manchester Evening News]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |date=6 September 2022 |title="Hat-trick" do português Carlos Borges pelo Manchester City na Youth League - Renascença |url=https://rr.sapo.pt/bola-branca/noticia/futebol-internacional/2022/09/06/hat-trick-do-portugues-carlos-borges-pelo-manchester-city-na-youth-league/298663/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=[[Rádio Renascença]] |language=pt-pt}}</ref> A Manchester, ya ci gaba da buga dukkan rukunin matasa, inda ya zama mai samar da kwallaye da taimakawa a wasanni akai-akai ga ƙungiyoyin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 da 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23, yayin da City ta lashe gasar ƙasa tsakanin 2020 da 2022. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bajkowski |first=Simon |date=19 May 2022 |title=Man City exciting winger Carlos Borges is out to make up for lost time |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/man-city-carlos-borges-news-23994644 |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=Manchester Evening News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jonathan |date=6 July 2022 |title=Palmer, Kayky, Delap and the Man City wonderkids who could follow in Foden's footsteps |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/man-city-wonderkids-follow-foden-footsteps-guardiola/blted2fe87992e938e3#cse937436fa5ddb288 |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> An zaɓe shi ɗan wasan ƙasa da shekara 18 na kakar wasa ta Manchester City a watan Mayun 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2021 |title=Manchester City fans laud 'insane' Carlos Borges after U-18 award |url=https://tbrfootball.com/manchester-city-fans-laud-insane-carlos-borges-after-u-18-award/ |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=The Boot Room |language=en-US}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarar 2021, ya fara buga gasar matasa ta matasa, inda ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da suka doke RB Leipzig da ci 1-0 a waje. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Lawless |first=Josh |date=6 September 2022 |title=18-year-old Manchester City prospect Carlos Borges is a serious talent, his stats are crazy |url=https://www.sportbible.com/football/man-city-carlos-borges-stats-20220906 |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=[[SPORTbible]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLawless2022">Lawless, Josh (6 September 2022). [https://www.sportbible.com/football/man-city-carlos-borges-stats-20220906 "18-year-old Manchester City prospect Carlos Borges is a serious talent, his stats are crazy"]. ''[[SPORTbible]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ya yi fice a kanun labarai a watan Satumba na 2022, yayin da ya zura kwallaye uku a raga sannan ya taimaka a wasan farko na gasar matasa ta Manchester City, inda suka yi nasara a kan [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] da ci 5-1 a waje. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2022 |title=A nova pérola portuguesa no Man. City: Carlos Borges deu show em Sevilha |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2067656/a-nova-perola-portuguesa-no-man-city-carlos-borges-deu-show-em-sevilha |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref> Ya kuma nuna cewa ya taka rawar gani wata guda bayan haka, inda ya zura kwallo daya sannan ya taimaka a wasan da suka yi da Copenhagen da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brotherton |first=Alex |date=11 October 2022 |title=Carlos Borges sends Pep Guardiola message in Man City EDS Youth League win |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/man-city-eds-copenhagen-youth-25234377 |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=Manchester Evening News |language=en}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2022-23, ya zura kwallaye 25 kuma ya bayar da taimako 13 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga wa Manchester City 'yan kasa da shekara 21. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Carlos Borges, la perla lusa que espera la llamada de Guardiola |url=https://es.besoccer.com/noticia/carlos-borges-perla-lusa-espera-llamada-guardiola-1266267 |publisher=BeSoccer |language=es |access-date=10 May 2026 |archive-date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715140906/https://es.besoccer.com/noticia/carlos-borges-perla-lusa-espera-llamada-guardiola-1266267 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ajax === A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2023, Forbs ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da kulob din Eredivisie Ajax a kan yarjejeniyar shekaru 5, wacce za ta iya kaiwa Yuro miliyan 14, wanda zai iya kaiwa Yuro miliyan 19 tare da canje-canje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2023 |title=Ajax sign Carlos Roberto Forbs Borges |url=https://english.ajax.nl/articles/ajax-sign-carlos-roberto-forbs-borges/ |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=AFC Ajax}}</ref> Bayan kwana tara, ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar [[Amsterdam]], inda ya maye gurbin [[Brian Brobbey]] a mintuna na ƙarshe na nasarar da suka samu a gida a kan Heracles Almelo da ci 4-1, a wasan farko na Eredivisie na 2023-24 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2023 |title=Ajax 4 - 1 Heracles Almelo: Nyförvärven levererade direkt |trans-title=Ajax 4 - 1 Heracles Almelo: The new signings delivered straight away |url=https://www.svenskafans.com/europa/ajax/ajax-4-1-heracles-almelo-nyforvarven-levererade-direkt-660474 |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=SvenskaFans.com |language=sv}}</ref> Bayan kwana 10, a wasan lig na gaba, a waje da Excelsior, Forbs ya fara kuma ya taimaka wa ɗan wasan farko na Brobbey, kafin a maye gurbinsa da Davy Klaassen a minti na 60; wasan ya ƙare da kunnen doki 2-2. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-19 |title=Com Francisco Conceição de fora, Carlos Borges assiste mas Ajax tropeça |trans-title=With Francisco Conceição out, Carlos Borges assists but Ajax stumbles |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2383513/com-francisco-conceicao-de-fora-carlos-borges-assiste-mas-ajax-tropeca |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt-pt}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Agusta, ya fara wasa a gasar [[UEFA|Turai]], inda ya buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a rabi na biyu a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Ludogorets Razgrad da ci 4-1, a zagayen wasan share fage na gasar UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=24 August 2023 |title=Ludogorets vs Ajax |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-europa-league/ludogorets-vs-ajax-2023-08-24 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=en-us}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Satumba, a wasan rukuni na gasar Europa League a gida da Marseille, Forbs ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan kwararru sannan ya taimaka aka ci kwallo; wasan ya kare da kunnen doki 3-3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2023 |title='Show' do português Carlos Borges no empate entre Ajax e Marseille |trans-title=Portuguese Carlos Borges 'show' in draw between Ajax and Marseille |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/desporto/2404798/show-do-portugues-carlos-borges-no-empate-entre-ajax-e-marseille |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt-pt}}</ref> === Wolverhampton Wanderers === A ranar 30 ga Agusta 2024, Forbs ya koma Ingila ya koma ƙungiyar [[Premier League]] Wolverhampton Wanderers a matsayin aro na farko na kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2024 |title=Forbs deal concludes transfer window |url=https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/mens-first-team/20240831-forbs-deal-concludes-transfer-window/ |access-date=31 August 2024 |publisher=Wolverhampton Wanderers}}</ref> === Club Brugge === A ranar 17 ga Yuli, 2025, Forbs ya koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Belgian Pro League Club Brugge kan kuɗi kusan Yuro miliyan 8, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Hugo Vetlesen a minti na 46 da Genk a ranar 27 ga Yuli, inda ya shiga filin wasa yayin da ƙungiyarsa ke da rashin nasara 0-1 a wasan da suka yi nasara 2-1. [3] [4] A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2025, Forbs ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya taimaka wajen taimakawa a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 da Barcelona a gasar zakarun Turai, inda aka naɗa shi ɗan wasan da ya fi kowanne a wasan saboda ƙoƙarinsa. [5] == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An haife shi a Portugal, Forbs ɗan asalin Bissau ne kuma ɗan ƙasar Guinea. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Op zucht van gigastunt: Club Brugge dwingt grootmacht Barcelona tot het uiterste en blijft teleurgesteld achter met punt |url=https://sporza.be/nl/matches/voetbal/eur/uefa-champions-league/2025-2026/leaguefase/04/club-brugge-fc-barcelona-op-zucht-van-gigastunt-club-brugge-dwingt-grootmacht-barcelona-tot-het-uiterste-en-blijft-teleurgesteld-achter-met-punt~1750780984552/ |website=kicker}}</ref> Ya kasance matashi ɗan ƙasa da ƙasa a Portugal. Zuwa shekarar 2022, ya fara wasa da ' yan ƙasa da shekara 19 a Portugal . <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Flávio Miguel |date=16 September 2022 |title=Sporting domina escolhas de Joaquim Milheiro |url=https://www.record.pt/futebol/selecoes/sub19/detalhe/sporting-domina-escolhas-de-joaquim-milheiro |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=Record |language=pt-PT}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2023, Forbs ya fara buga wa Portugal wasa a 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasa a rabin lokaci na biyu a wasan da suka doke Andorra da ci 3-0 a gida, a wasan share fage na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta UEFA ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2023 |title=Tarde de estreias e números especiais |trans-title=Afternoon of debuts and special numbers |url=https://www.fpf.pt/pt/News/Todas-as-not%C3%ADcias/Not%C3%ADcia/news/41366 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website= |publisher=FPF |language=pt-PT}}</ref> An kira Forbs zuwa ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasan Portugal a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2025 don wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2025 da Jamhuriyar Ireland da Armenia bi da bi. Ya fara buga wasa a babban ƙungiyar a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, inda ya fito daga benci don maye gurbin [[Bernardo Silva]] kuma ya lashe bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke Armenia da ci 9-1, a Estádio do Dragão, yayin da Portugal ta sami cancantar shiga [[2026 FIFA World Cup|gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2026.]] <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 November 2025 |title=Forbs é o 14.º estreante de Martínez e logo com o 7 nas costas |trans-title=Forbs is Martínez's 14th debutant and with the 7 on his back |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/selecao-nacional/forbs-e-o-14o-estreante-de-martinez-e-logo-com-o-7-nas-costas_d1698623 |access-date=16 November 2025 |publisher=[[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal|RTP]] |language=pt-pt}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Wanda aka fi sani da '''Carlos Borges''', ɗan wasan ya zaɓi yin wasa da sunan mahaifiyarsa '''Carlos Forbs''' tun lokacin da ya koma Ajax a watan Agusta na 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajax complete signing of Portuguese forward Carlos Forbs from Manchester City |url=https://portugoal.net/portuguese-abroad/3335-ajax-complete-signing-of-portuguese-forward-carlos-forbs-from-manchester-city}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] agvtgdy4ihukdru970s9npjqfv7p2je 0 150352 839346 833603 2026-05-23T15:08:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cesar Acevedo''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1953) shi ne kocin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na El Salvador kuma tsohon dan wasan da ke horar da Nuevo San Sebastian. == Ayyuka == Acevedo ya shafe dukkan aikinsa na wasa a FAS a cikin rukunin farko inda ya zira kwallaye 47. Ya kasance daga cikin tawagar FAS da ta lashe kofin CONCACAF na 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2013 |title=Hoy se cumplen 34 años desde que FAS ganó el título de Campeón de CONCACAF |url=http://www.esalmundotv.com/hoy-se-cumplen-34-anos-desde-que-fas-gano-el-titulo-de-campeon-de-concacaf.html |publisher=ESalmundotv.com |language=Spanish |access-date=10 May 2026 |archive-date=2 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902150143/http://www.esalmundotv.com/hoy-se-cumplen-34-anos-desde-que-fas-gano-el-titulo-de-campeon-de-concacaf.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya buga wa tawagar kasar El Salvador wasa, inda ya bayyana a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1978 da Panama a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1976. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtney, Barrie |date=20 February 2003 |title=El Salvador - Details of World Cup Qualifiers |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/elsal-intres-detwcq.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa, Acevedo ya fara horar da kwallon kafa. Ya jagoranci kungiyoyin matasa na El Salvador da kungiyoyin kulob din ciki har da Once Lobos . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2011 |title=Selecta Se agotó, la golearon y con ello aplazó su debut |url=http://elmundo.com.sv/selecta-se-agoto-la-golearon-y-con-ello-aplazo-su-debut |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221132706/http://elmundo.com.sv/selecta-se-agoto-la-golearon-y-con-ello-aplazo-su-debut |archive-date=21 February 2014 |publisher=El Mundo |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Martínez, Wilian |date=22 December 2013 |title=Pasaquina sacó buena renta en Chalchuapa |url=http://elmundo.com.sv/pasaquina-saco-buena-renta-en-chalchuapa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221132051/http://elmundo.com.sv/pasaquina-saco-buena-renta-en-chalchuapa |archive-date=21 February 2014 |publisher=El Mundo |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Na Mutum == Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan ɗan wasan Kofin Duniya na Elmer Acevedo . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] 70ug3o2lh1ytfu7t075twap3uvcb0n0 0 150356 839324 833623 2026-05-23T12:04:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Candy Agbane | image = Candy Augustine with Chittagong Abahani in 2022.jpg | fullname = Candy Augustine Agbane | height = {{height|m=1.70|precision=0}} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|12|22|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | currentclub = | clubnumber = | position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]] | youthyears1 = | youthclubs1 = | years1 = 2015–2016 | clubs1 = [[Ikorodu United F.C.|Ikorodu United]] | years2 = 2017–2019 | clubs2 = [[Yenicami Ağdelen]] | years3 = 2017 | clubs3 = → [[Lefke TSK]] (loan) | years4 = 2017–2018 | clubs4 = [[Lefke TSK]] | years5 = 2018–2019 | clubs5 = [[MŠK Tesla Stropkov|Stropkov]] | years6 = 2019–2020 | clubs6 = [[Lefke TSK]] | years7 = 2019– | clubs7 = [[Türk Ocağı Limasol]] | years8 = 2020–2021 | clubs8 = [[Lefke TSK]] | years9 = 2022 | clubs9 = [[Mesarya SK]] | caps1 = 27 | caps2 = 7 | caps3 = 16 | caps4 = 26 | caps5 = 9 | caps6 = 8 | caps7 = 15 | caps8 = | goals1 = 7 | goals2 = 2 | goals3 = 6 | goals4 = 8 | goals5 = 3 | goals6 = 3 | goals7 = 8 | goals8 = | nationalyears1 = | nationalteam1 = | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | pcupdate = 22 July 2023 | years10 = 2022–2023 | goals10 = 4 | clubs10 = [[Chittagong Abahani Limited|Chittagong Abahani]] | caps10 = 21 | caption = Candy with [[Chittagong Abahani Limited|Chittagong Abahani]] in 2022 | image_size = 280px }} '''Candy Augustine Agbane''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 1996) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gefe (winger) na ƙarshe a kulob ɗin Chittagong Abahani na Gasar Firimiya ta Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gazetesi |first=Gündem Kıbrıs |title=KTFF Disiplin Kurulu toplandı |url=https://www.gundemkibris.com/spor/ktff-disiplin-kurulu-toplandi-h334816.html |access-date=2 April 2024 |website=gundemkibris.com |language=tr}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === Ya fara aikinsa a Ikorodu United FC.C. a Gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Champions Enyimba lose, 4 away wins herald league season openers |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/02/21/champions-enyimba-lose-4-away-wins-herald-league-season-openers/ |accessdate=24 March 2020 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2016, Agbane ya shiga kulob din Super Lig Yenicami Ağdelen kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. === Lefke TSK da MŠK Tesla Stropkov === Ya shiga Lefke TSK a watan Satumbar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CANDY AGBANE |url=http://www.ktff.org/BilgiBankasi/FutbolcuDetayi/17191 |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=ktff.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2018 |title=Disiplin kurulu Kararlari |url=http://www.sporyeni.com/disiplin-kurulu-kararlari-7786h.htm |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=sporyeni.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2017 |title=Yabancı futbolcular, kesinleşti |url=http://www.halkinsesikibris.com/futbol/yabanci-futbolcular-kesinlesti-h84384.html |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=halkinsesikibris.com}}</ref> Bayan nasarar aro, ya shiga kulob din Arewacin Cyprus a kan yarjejeniya ta dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2018 |title=Yeşilova'ya rekor ceza |url=http://www.haberatorkibris.com/yesilovaya-rekor-ceza-14935h.htm |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=haberatorkibris.com}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, Agbane ya sanya hannu a kan Slovak 3. Ƙungiyar Liga ta Stropkov a farkon 2019-2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CANDY AUGUSTINE AGBAN |url=https://futbalnet.sk/member/1416895/ |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=futbalnet.sk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MŠK TESLA STROPKOV (MUŽI) |url=https://msk-tesla-stropkov.futbalnet.sk/tim/33980/hraci/ |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=futbalnet.sk }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=REPORT: ŠK MILENIUM 2000 Bardejovská Nová Ves vs. MŠK Stropkov |url=http://mskteslastropkov.sk/report-bardejovska-nova-ves-vs-msk-stropkov/ |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=mskteslastropkov.sk |archive-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324195626/http://mskteslastropkov.sk/report-bardejovska-nova-ves-vs-msk-stropkov/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan wani lokaci a Slovakia, ya koma Lefke TSK a watan Janairun 2020. === Chittagong Abahani === Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci a Mesarya SK, Candy ta sanya hannu a kulob din Bangladesh Premier League Chittagong Abahani a matsayin sa hannu a tsakiyar kakar a watan Afrilu, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official announcement: candy augustine |url=https://twitter.com/ctgabahaniltd/status/1516824286446911491 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ita ce kulob dinsa na farko daga [[Asiya]]. Ya zira kwallaye 4 kuma ya ba da taimako 4 a wasanni 10 ga kulob din a kakar wasa ta farko. Ya zira kwallaye sau ɗaya kuma ya taimaka sau ɗaya a wasan karshe na kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ctg Abahani finish BPL with win - Sports - observerbd.com |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=377428 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=The Daily Observer}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2022, Candy ta sanya hannu kan karin kwangila tare da Ctg Abahani don kakar 2022-23.<ref>{{Cite web |title=We're delighted to announce that the club has extended the contract with Candy Augustine till the end of next season. |url=https://twitter.com/ctgabahaniltd/status/1562833790195871749 |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> Koyaya, ba shi da kwallo a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma ya bar kulob din bayan ya samu rauni na tsawon lokaci a tsakiyar kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Candy Augustine has been sidelined for the remainder of the season due to the injury he picked up in the last match |url=https://twitter.com/CTGAbahaniLtd/status/1656641326774095872 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] ju0rb8t3qpyc5dlwvnu4mvkzfykxcm4 0 150382 839577 833692 2026-05-24T06:11:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:FC Salzburg gegen Inter Mailand (UEFA Championsleague 2023-11-08) 14 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Davide Frattesi | hoto = Davide Frattesi 2023.jpg | cikakken_suna = Davide Frattesi | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1999|9|22}} | wurin_haihuwa = Roma, Italiya | tsawo = 1.78 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya | kungiyar_yanzu = [[Inter Milan]] | lamba = 16 | matasa_shekaru1 = 2006–2014 | matasa_kungiya1 = [[Lazio]] | matasa_shekaru2 = 2014–2017 | matasa_kungiya2 = [[Roma]] | shekaru1 = 2017–2024 | kungiyoyi1 = Roma | wasa1 = 0 | kwallaye1 = 0 | shekaru2 = 2018–2019 | kungiyoyi2 = → [[Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC|Ascoli]] (aro) | wasa2 = 33 | kwallaye2 = 2 | shekaru3 = 2019–2020 | kungiyoyi3 = → [[Empoli FC|Empoli]] (aro) | wasa3 = 38 | kwallaye3 = 5 | shekaru4 = 2020–2024 | kungiyoyi4 = [[US Sassuolo Calcio|Sassuolo]] | wasa4 = 99 | kwallaye4 = 11 | shekaru5 = 2023– | kungiyoyi5 = → [[Inter Milan]] (aro) | wasa5 = 0 | kwallaye5 = 0 | shekarun_kasa1 = 2015 | tawagar_kasa1 = Italiya U17 | wasa_kasa1 = 1 | kwallaye_kasa1 = 0 | shekarun_kasa2 = 2018–2019 | tawagar_kasa2 = Italiya U19 | wasa_kasa2 = 10 | kwallaye_kasa2 = 4 | shekarun_kasa3 = 2019–2021 | tawagar_kasa3 = Italiya U21 | wasa_kasa3 = 10 | kwallaye_kasa3 = 0 | shekarun_kasa4 = 2022– | tawagar_kasa4 = [[Tawagar kwallon kafar Italiya]] | wasa_kasa4 = 20 | kwallaye_kasa4 = 5 }} '''Davide Frattesi''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[Italiya]] wanda aka haifa a ranar 22 ga Satumba, 1999 a birnin Roma. Yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya kuma yana bugawa ƙungiyar [[Inter Milan]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar Italiya. An san shi da ƙwarewa wajen kai hari daga tsakiya, saurin motsi, da kuma iya zura kwallo daga nesa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inter.it/en/teams/first-team/davide-frattesi|title=Davide Frattesi Profile|publisher=Inter Milan|access-date=2026-05-10|archive-date=2024-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218192107/https://www.inter.it/en/teams/first-team/davide-frattesi|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Frattesi ya taso ne a Roma inda ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami. Ya fara koyon wasan ƙwallo a makarantar matasa ta [[Lazio]] kafin daga baya ya koma makarantar matasa ta [[Roma]]. A lokacin yana matashi ya nuna hazaka sosai wajen sarrafa ƙwallo da kuma iya taka rawa a fannoni daban-daban na tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asroma.com/en/teams/primavera-and-youth-sector|title=AS Roma Youth Sector|publisher=AS Roma|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == === Roma === Frattesi ya fara shiga manyan ‘yan wasan Roma a shekarar 2017 bayan ya yi fice a matakin matasa. Duk da haka bai samu damar buga wasa sosai ba saboda gasa mai ƙarfi da take cikin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/davide-frattesi/profil/spieler/448414|title=Davide Frattesi Player Profile|publisher=Transfermarkt|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Aron wasa zuwa Ascoli === A shekarar 2018 Roma ta tura shi aro zuwa [[Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC|Ascoli]] domin samun ƙarin kwarewa. A can ya buga wasanni da dama a gasar Serie B kuma ya nuna cewa yana da ƙarfin jiki da iya taimakawa wajen kai hari daga tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legab.it/|title=Lega Serie B Official Website|publisher=Lega B|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Aron wasa zuwa Empoli === A kakar 2019–2020 ya koma [[Empoli FC|Empoli]] aro. Ya yi fice sosai a can inda ya zura ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci tare da taimakawa kungiyar a fafutukar neman komawa Serie A. Salon wasansa ya sa manyan kungiyoyi suka fara bibiyarsa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://empolifc.com/|title=Empoli FC Official Website|publisher=Empoli FC|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Sassuolo === A shekarar 2020 Frattesi ya koma [[US Sassuolo Calcio|Sassuolo]] inda ya samu damar taka rawar gani a Serie A. A karkashin kociyan kungiyar ya bunkasa sosai wajen kai hari, tsaron baya, da kuma taimakawa wajen gina hari. Ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan tsakiya matasa a Italiya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sassuolocalcio.it/en/player/davide-frattesi/|title=Davide Frattesi|publisher=Sassuolo Calcio|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> A lokacin da yake Sassuolo ya yi fice wajen zura ƙwallaye daga tsakiya da kuma shiga cikin harin kungiyar cikin sauri. Hakan ya jawo hankalin manyan kungiyoyin Turai musamman kungiyoyin Serie A.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.gazzetta.it/|title=Frattesi attracting top Serie A clubs|publisher=La Gazzetta dello Sport|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> === Inter Milan === A shekarar 2023 Frattesi ya koma [[Inter Milan]] a matsayin aro tare da damar saye ta dindindin. Ya fara taka muhimmiyar rawa cikin tawagar saboda kuzari, saurin shiga hari, da kuma iya zura ƙwallaye a lokuta masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inter.it/en/news/davide-frattesi-signs-for-inter|title=Davide Frattesi signs for Inter|publisher=Inter Milan|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> Ya taimakawa Inter wajen samun nasarori a gasar Serie A da sauran gasa ta cikin gida. Magoya baya sun yaba masa saboda ƙoƙari da kuzarin da yake nunawa a kowanne wasa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football|title=Frattesi impresses at Inter|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Frattesi ya wakilci Italiya a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da U19 da U21. Daga baya ya samu kiransa zuwa babbar tawagar ƙasar Italiya a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.figc.it/en/national-teams/players/davide-frattesi/|title=Davide Frattesi National Team Profile|publisher=FIGC|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> Ya fara zura kwallaye masu muhimmanci ga tawagar ƙasar musamman a wasannin neman cancantar manyan gasa. Salon wasansa ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan tsakiya mafiya tasiri a Italiya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/|title=Italy midfielder Frattesi shines|publisher=UEFA|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Frattesi na taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ko kuma box-to-box midfielder. An san shi da kuzari, gudu, da kuma iya shiga cikin yankin abokin hamayya cikin sauri. Haka kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen cin ƙwallaye daga waje da kuma taimakawa wajen kare baya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theanalyst.com/eu/2023/09/davide-frattesi-inter-italy-analysis/|title=Davide Frattesi Tactical Analysis|publisher=The Analyst|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> Masana ƙwallon ƙafa sun kwatanta salon wasansa da wasu fitattun ‘yan wasan tsakiya na Italiya saboda juriyarsa da kuma iya aiki a bangarori daban-daban na fili.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://football-italia.net/|title=Frattesi compared to top Italian midfielders|publisher=Football Italia|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Inter Milan === * [[Serie A]]: 2023–24 * [[Supercoppa Italiana]]: 2023 == Manazarta == {{Manazarta}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.inter.it/en/teams/first-team/davide-frattesi Shafin Davide Frattesi a Inter Milan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218192107/https://www.inter.it/en/teams/first-team/davide-frattesi |date=2024-02-18 }} * [https://www.figc.it/en/national-teams/players/davide-frattesi/ Shafin Davide Frattesi a FIGC] {{Dan wasan kwallon kafa tushe}} [[Category:1999 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Italian footballers]] [[Category:Inter Milan players]] [[Category:US Sassuolo Calcio players]] [[Category:Empoli FC players]] [[Category:Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players]] [[Category:Serie A players]] [[Category:People from Rome]] 629nrw2rxbl0yojb0bbyw49hq022401 0 150505 839459 834042 2026-05-23T19:00:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ciara Grant''' (an haife ta a ranar 11 ga Yuni 1993) ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce 'yar ƙasar Ireland wadda ke buga wasa a matsayin ' [[Mai buga tsakiya|yar wasan tsakiya]] a Hibernian ta gasar Premier ta mata ta Scotland da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Jamhuriyar Ireland . Grant ta taɓa bugawa a Raheny United, UCD Waves da Shelbourne ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa, da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Sion Swifts . Kafin ta koma Hearts, Grant ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Rangers wasa. A shekarar 2010, Grant ta kasance memba a tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta Jamhuriyar Ireland, wadanda suka zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin mata ta UEFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta 2010, sannan suka shiga zagaye na biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta 2010. Ta lashe gasar farko ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a watan Nuwamba na 2012. A wajen kwallon kafa, Grant kwararriyar likita ce kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar Kwalejin Sarauta ta Likitoci a Ireland . Ta kuma buga kwallon Gaelic a kungiyar Donegal . <ref name="sportsfile3">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2010 |title=Donegal v Galway - Ladies Gaelic Football Minor A All-Ireland Final Photos |url=http://www.sportsfile.com/more-images/10070201/ |access-date=18 June 2016 |publisher=www.sportsfile.com}}</ref> == Shekarun farko == Grant ta halarci Makarantar Ƙasa ta Woodlands da ke Letterkenny inda abokan karatunta suka haɗa da Mark English . Tsakanin 2005 da 2011 Grant ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Loreto Convent, Letterkenny, inda ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Leaving Cert . A matsayinta na 'yar makaranta, Grant ta buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar]] Lagan Harps da Kilmacrennan Celtic tare da wakiltar makarantarta. A shekarar 2009, ta taimaka wa Kilmacrennan Celtic ta lashe Kofin Tsakiya na WFAI kuma a shekarar 2011 ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Loreto da ta lashe Kofin 'Yan Mata na FAIS, babban gasar cin kofin ƙungiyoyin makarantar mata a Ireland. <ref name="faiprofile2">{{Cite web |title=Ciara Grant |url=http://www.faischools.ie/national/players/girls-international/ciara-grant |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=www.faischools.ie}}</ref> <ref name="faiprofile">{{Cite web |title=Ciara Grant |url=http://www.fai.ie/ireland/player/250002182 |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=www.fai.ie}}</ref> <ref name="donenews">{{Cite web |date=15 May 2015 |title=Ciara's taking nothing for 'Grant'-ed |url=http://donegalnews.com/2015/05/ciaras-taking-nothing-for-grant-ed/ |access-date=16 June 2016 |publisher=[[Donegal News]] |archive-date=10 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810020334/http://donegalnews.com/2015/05/ciaras-taking-nothing-for-grant-ed/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2011 |title=Loreto crowned FAIS Umbro Senior Girls champions |url=http://www.fai.ie/domestic/news/loreto-crowned-fais-umbro-senior-girls-champions |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=www.fai.ie}}</ref> Grant ta kuma buga ƙwallon ƙafa da [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ta Gaelic . Grant ta buga wa Donegal GAA wasa a wasan ƙarshe na Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta 'Yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta All-Ireland a shekarar 2010. A wasan ƙwallon kwando ta buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron maki ga makarantarta da kuma Letterkenny Blaze. <ref name="sportsfile3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Senior Basketball |url=http://www.loretoletterkenny.ie/sports/senior-basketball |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624041929/http://www.loretoletterkenny.ie/sports/senior-basketball |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=www.loretoletterkenny.ie}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Raheny United === Tsakanin 2011 da 2014, Grant ta buga wa Raheny United wasa a gasar cin kofin mata ta ƙasa . A wannan lokacin, Grant ta taimaka wa United lashe kofuna biyu a jere a 2012–13 da 2013–14 . <ref name="faiprofile"/> Ta kuma taimaka musu lashe kofunan FAI mata biyu a jere a 2012 da 2013. A wasan ƙarshe na 2013 da Castlebar Celtic a filin wasa na Aviva, Grant ya zura ƙwallon farko ta United a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki. Ba tare da ya karya ƙafa ba, Grant ya sarrafa ƙwallon da ta faɗi ya bar ta ta yi tsalle kafin ya ɗaga ta kan mai tsaron gidan Castlebar Celtic. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2013 |title=Ciara Grant's two-touch lob helps Raheny win FAI Cup |url=http://www.the42.ie/ciara-grant-goal-raheny-fai-cup-final-1158620-Nov2013/ |access-date=17 June 2016 |publisher=www.the42.ie}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2012 |title=Raheny United 2-1 Peamount United |url=http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/2012/1014/341651-raheny-land-first-fai-womens-cup/ |access-date=24 January 2016 |publisher=www.rte.ie}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fallon |first=John |date=4 November 2013 |title=Raheny triumph in Women's FAI Cup final report |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/raheny-triumph-in-women-s-fai-cup-final-report-1.1582649 |access-date=24 January 2016 |publisher=www.irishtimes.com}}</ref> === Waves na UCD === Grant ta halarci Kwalejin Jami'a ta Dublin daga 2011 har zuwa 2016. A shekararta ta farko ta karanci ilimin motsa jiki kafin ta koma aikin likitanci. Ta kammala karatunta a 2017. A shekarar 2014–15 lokacin da UCD Waves ta shiga wata kungiya a gasar cin kofin mata ta kasa, Grant ta sauya sheka daga Raheny United . A watan Nuwamba na 2014, ta fito a gasar cin kofin mata ta FAI ta uku a jere, inda ta sha kashi 2–1 bayan karin lokaci a tsohuwar kungiyarta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Gareth |date=2 November 2014 |title=Raheny retain FAI Continental Tyres Women's Cup |url=http://www.fai.ie/domestic/news/raheny-retain-fai-continental-tyres-women%E2%80%99s-cup |access-date=24 January 2016 |publisher=www.fai.ie}}</ref> Baya ga buga wasa a WNL, Grant ya kuma buga wa UCD wasa a matakin tsaka-tsaki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UCD Squad |url=http://www.ucd.ie/womenssoccer/squad.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030012943/http://www.ucd.ie/womenssoccer/squad.html |archive-date=30 October 2019 |access-date=16 January 2016 |publisher=www.ucd.ie}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, Grant ya kasance kyaftin na kungiyar UCD wanda ya lashe gasar WSCAI Futsal Cup, inda ya doke masu rike da kofin, IT Sligo, 3–2 a wasan karshe a Mardyke Arena . Grant ya kuma ci wa UCD kwallo a wasan da suka doke IT Sligo da ci 3-2 a wasan karshe na gasar WSCAI Premier Division na 2013-14. A shekarar 2015 Grant ya kasance kyaftin na kungiyar UCD wadda ta lashe gasar WSCAI Intervarsity Cup. === Sion Swifts === Bayan ɗan lokaci daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yayin da take kammala karatun likitanci, Grant ta haɗu da Sion Swifts a kamfen ɗin gasar Firimiya ta Mata ta 2019. === Shelbourne === Grant ta shiga Shelbourne don jinkirin kakar gasar cin kofin mata ta kasa ta 2020 da kuma rage ta. A shekarar 2021, Grant ta taimaka wa Shelbourne lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta kasa. Ta kuma zura kwallaye a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin mata ta FAI ta 2021, wanda Shelbourne ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Wexford Youths . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] ==manazarta== bnctv83ljukngarmp6h7260ir9gyhnj 0 150692 839458 834477 2026-05-23T18:57:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ché Nunnely''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 1999) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gefe na dama a ƙungiyar Super League ta ƙasar Girka Panserraikos . == Aikin kulob == === Ajax === Nunnely ya shiga Ajax Youth Academy daga matakin matasa na FC Utrecht a 2012. Tun yana da shekaru 16, ya kasance memba na dindindin a cikin zaɓin ƙungiyar A1, ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, bayan ya lashe gasar ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 sau uku (2018–19, 2016–17, 2015–16). Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Eerste Divisie don Jong Ajax a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2017 a wasan da suka yi da FC Emmen . [1] Ba tare da samun damar shiga ƙungiyar farko ba, Nunnely ya koma Willem II bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a ƙungiyar reserve ta Jong Ajax, inda ya tara wasanni 42 yayin da ya zira kwallaye 10 kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyarsa ta lashe gasar Eerste Divisie ta 2017–18 . [2] === Willem II === A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2019, an sanar da cewa Nunnely ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da ƙungiyar Eredivisie Willem II. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2019 |title=Vleugelspeler Nunnely tekent voor drie jaar bij Willem II |url=https://www.bd.nl/willem-ii/vleugelspeler-nunnely-tekent-voor-drie-jaar-bij-willem-ii~aebc8bde/ |publisher=AjaxShowtime}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ranar 2 ga Agusta a wasan da suka yi da [[PEC Zwolle]] da ci 3-1 a waje. A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba ya zura kwallaye biyu na farko a kakar wasa a wasan gida da [[PSV Eindhoven|PSV]], inda ya ɗaga ƙungiyarsa zuwa nasara 2-1. A kakar wasa ta 2019-20, Nunnely ya kammala da kwallaye huɗu da kuma taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye shida, wanda ya samu nasara a wasanni 25 na gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ché Nunnely » Eredivisie 2019/2020 |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe407638/che-nunnely/ |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=worldfootball.net |language=en}}</ref> === Heerenveen === A ranar 19 ga Janairu 2023, Nunnely ya koma [[SC Heerenveen|Heerenveen]] a kan kwantiragi har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa, tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekaru biyu. <ref> {{Cite web |date=19 January 2023 |title=CHÉ NUNNELY TEKENT CONTRACT BIJ SC HEERENVEEN |trans-title=CHÉ NUNNELY SIGNS CONTRACT WITH SC HEERENVEEN |url=https://www.sc-heerenveen.nl/nieuws/2023/che-nunnely-tekent-contract-bij-sc-heerenveen |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=www.sc-heerenveen.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa da FC Utrecht a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a minti na 70, inda aka ci 1-0. Minti biyu kafin cikakken lokaci, ya zura ƙwallo mai kyau, amma an hana shi zura ƙwallo saboda offside . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tres.nl |first=TRES- |title=Debutantenfeestje levert geen resultaat op tegen FC Utrecht |url=https://www.sc-heerenveen.nl/nieuws/2023/debutantenfeestje-levert-geen-resultaat-op-tegen-fc-utrecht |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=sc Heerenveen |language=nl-NL}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Maris, zaɓin kulob ɗin na kwantiraginsa ya fara aiki ta atomatik: sakamakon haka, an tsawaita yarjejeniyar Nunnely da Heerenveen har zuwa watan Yunin 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2023 |title=Contracten Al Hajj, Van Aken en Bekkema formeel opgezegd; Nunnely blijft twee jaar langer |url=https://www.sc-heerenveen.nl/nieuws/2023/contracten-al-hajj-van-aken-en-bekkema-formeel-opgezegd-nunnely-blijft-twee-jaar-langer |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=SC Heerenveen |language=nl-NL |archive-date=2 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402180735/https://www.sc-heerenveen.nl/nieuws/2023/contracten-al-hajj-van-aken-en-bekkema-formeel-opgezegd-nunnely-blijft-twee-jaar-langer |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An haife shi a Netherlands, Nunnely ɗan asalin Afro-Surinamese ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zo kan het nationaal elftal van Suriname eruit gaan zien |url=http://www.elfvoetbal.nl/buitenland/277897/zo-kan-het-nationaal-elftal-van-suriname-eruit-gaan-zien |website=Elfvoetbal.nl}}</ref> Nunnely yana cikin 'yan wasan Holland daban-daban da aka zaɓa. Ya kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA ta 2016 tare da Netherlands U17. Ya kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA ta 2019 tare da Netherlands U19. A duk lokacin, Portugal ta fitar da su. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2017 |title=Ché Nunnely (O19): 'Ik had hem in mijn broekzak' |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/nieuws/jeugd-mannen-onder-19/70796/ch%C3%A9-nunnely-o19-ik-had-hem-mijn-broekzak |publisher=OnsOranje}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sr4ml93ll5cig51p5bi2x140qhyh7kj 0 151148 839421 837413 2026-05-23T17:26:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chisom Egbuchulam''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1992) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka ta Detroit City FC . == Aikin kulob == Egbuchulam ya koma aro daga Enugu Rangers zuwa kulob din Sweden BK Häcken a watan Fabrairun 2017. [1] Ya sanya hannu a Falkenberg a watan Afrilun 2018. [2] A watan Janairun 2019 ya koma kulob din Suwon FC na Koriya ta Kudu. [3] A watan Janairun 2020 ya sanya hannu a Meizhou Hakka . <ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|chisom-egbuchunam/465260|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> Za a ci gaba da amfani da shi a matsayin muhimmin memba a cikin ƙungiyar da ta sami ci gaba zuwa matakin farko bayan ta zo na biyu a cikin rukunin a ƙarshen kamfen ɗin China League One na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-22 |title=创造历史！梅州客家冲超成功！成为全国唯一县级中超球队！ |url=https://www.meizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zfjg/styj/xwzx/tyyw/content/post_2268002.html |access-date=2022-06-04 |publisher=meizhou.gov.cn |language=zh |archive-date=2022-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002142225/https://www.meizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zfjg/styj/xwzx/tyyw/content/post_2268002.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuli 2023, Egbuchulam ya koma kulob din China League One Sichuan Jiuniu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2023 |title=官方：前梅州外援吉森加盟四川九牛，身披26号球衣 |url=https://www.dongqiudi.com/articles/3545575.html |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=dongqiudi |language=zh}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 2024, Egbuchulam ya koma kulob din Hatta na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2024 |title=官方：前梅州客家、四川九牛外援吉森加盟阿联酋球队哈塔 |url=https://www.dongqiudi.com/articles/4027218.html |access-date=11 February 2024 |publisher=dongqiudi |language=zh}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2024, Egbuchulam ya koma kulob din Al-Jandal na farko na Saudi Arabia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=النجيري تشارلز ينضم لصفوف مارد الجوف |url=https://x.com/Aljandal_Fc/status/1820908850762920101}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2026, Egbuchlam ya koma kulob din gasar USL Championship na Detroit City FC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian striker Chisom Egbuchulam signs one-year deal |url=https://www.detcityfc.com/news/2026/02/20/chisom-egbuchulam-signs-one-year-deal/}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A watan Oktoban 2016, an kira Egbuchulam a cikin manyan 'yan wasan [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] kuma ya kasance wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba yayin da Super Eagles ta doke [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Zambiya|Zambia]] da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2016 |title=ZAMBIA VS. NIGERIA 1 – 2 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2016/10/09/africa/wc-qualifying-africa/zambia/nigeria/2279610/ |access-date=1 May 2018 |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|22 March 2024}}.<ref name = "SW"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |BK Häcken (loan) |2017 |Allsvenskan |10 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |0 |- |2018 |Allsvenskan |0 |0 |1 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !10 !0 !2 !3 !0 !0 !0 !0 !12 !3 |- | rowspan="3" |Falkenberg |2018 |Superettan |26 |14 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |26 |14 |- |2019 |Allsvenskan |0 |0 |1 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !26 !14 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 !0 !27 !16 |- |Suwon FC |2019 |K League 2 |33 |18 |1 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |20 |- | rowspan="5" |Meizhou Hakka |2020 | rowspan="2" |China League One |13 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |4 |- |2021 |33 |20 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |20 |- |2022 | rowspan="2" |Chinese Super League |19 |3 |1 |5 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |20 |8 |- |2023 |6 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |6 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !71 !27 !1 !5 !0 !0 !0 !0 !72 !32 |- |Sichuan Jiuniu |2023 |China League One |18 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |9 |- |Hatta |2023–24 |UAE Pro League |2 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !160 !70 !5 !12 !0 !0 !0 !0 !165 !82 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] 2y6njcbc1m70scbw8rxlkx04g22tg0e 0 151153 839546 836805 2026-05-24T01:41:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cyriel Kolawole Dessers''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba 1994) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Panathinaikos ta Girka . An haife shi a Belgium, kuma yana buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya wasa]] . Dessers ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa a kulob yana buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta Belgium da Netherlands. Shi ne mafi yawan 'yan wasa da suka zura kwallaye a Eredivisie a kakar wasa ta 2019-20, yayin da yake bugawa Heracles Almelo wasa. Shi ne mafi yawan 'yan wasa da suka zura kwallaye a gasar UEFA Europa Conference League ta 2021-22 kuma an sanya shi a cikin ƙungiyar da ta fi kowacce a gasar, yayin da yake bugawa Feyenoord wasa. Dessers ya cancanci bugawa Najeriya wasa a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa saboda mahaifiyarsa 'yar Najeriya. Ya fara buga wa Najeriya wasa a watan Oktoba na 2020. == Aikin kulob == === OH Leuven === Dessers ya shiga tsarin matasa na OH Leuven daga Tongeren yana da shekaru 16 a shekarar 2011. Ya taba buga kwallon kafa ta matasa a FC De Zwaluw Vechmaal, Union FC Rutten da Sint-Truiden . <ref name="rbfa">{{Cite web |title=Cyriel Dessers |url=https://static.rbfa.be/project/publiek/jrinteren/speler_PH_6568.htm#itop |access-date=4 August 2023 |website=rbfa.be}}</ref> Ya fara karatun lauya a jami'a ( KU Leuven ) yayin da yake bugawa kungiyoyin matasa na OH Leuven wasa. <ref name="leuvenyouth" /> A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2013-14, Dessers ya yi fice a kungiyoyin 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 da na reserve na OH Leuven, inda ya zira kwallaye 21 a wasanni 21 na reserve kafin Maris. Ganin cewa OHL na cikin barazanar faduwa daga gasar da kuma 'yan wasan gaba da dama na kungiyar farko ko dai ba su da lafiya, ko sun ji rauni ko kuma an dakatar da su, an ba shi mintunan farko na wasansa na farko a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Mons da ci 3-2. === Lokeren === A watan Afrilun 2014, Dessers ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu da Lokeren . === NAC Breda === A watan Yulin 2016, ya sanya hannu a kulob din Eerste Divisie NAC Breda kan kwantiragi har zuwa bazara na 2019. A ranar 28 ga Mayu 2017, an kara musu matsayi zuwa Eredivisie bayan sun yi nasara a kan NEC da ci 4-1, inda Dessers ya zura kwallaye uku. Ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 29 a wasanni 40. [[Fayil:Metall-Lokeren_(6).jpg|thumb|Kayan zaki tare da Lokeren a shekarar 2014]] === FC Utrecht === A watan Yulin 2017, Dessers ya koma FC Utrecht, inda ya amince da kwantiragin shekaru uku tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Utrecht hengelt Dessers binnen |url=https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/1873634/utrecht-hengelt-dessers-binnen |access-date=3 July 2018 |website=1 June 2018 |language=Dutch |archive-date=4 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704035139/https://www.foxsports.nl/nieuws/artikel/1873634/utrecht-hengelt-dessers-binnen |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Heracles Almelo === Dessers ya koma Heracles Almelo a watan Yulin 2019. Bayan an daina kakar wasa ta Eredivisie ta 2019–20, an ba shi kyautar mafi yawan kwallaye tare da [[Steven Berghuis]], tare da kwallaye 15 kowannensu. === Genk da Feyenoord sun amince su biya === A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2020, Dessers ya koma Genk kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Projects |first=Sanmax |date=30 June 2020 |title=Cyriel Dessers: "Nu ben ik waar ik wil zijn." &#124; KRC Genk |url=https://www.krcgenk.be/nl/nieuws/3939/cyriel-dessers-nu-ben-ik-waar-ik-wil-zijn |website=krcgenk.be |publisher=K.R.C. Genk}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021, Dessers ya koma Netherlands don komawa Feyenoord a matsayin aro tare da zaɓin siyan sa. [1] Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a ranar 19 ga Satumba, inda ya zira kwallon Feyenoord ta huɗu a wasan da suka doke PSV da ci 4-0 a waje. [2] Dessers ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar UEFA Europa Conference League da kwallaye goma a wasanni 12, kuma an zaɓe shi a cikin ƙungiyar UEFA Europa Conference League ta kakar wasa. Jimilla Dessers ya zira kwallaye 20 a Feyenoord a wasanni 41 a kakar wasa ta 2021-22. A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2022, Feyenoord ta sanar da cewa ta zaɓi kin yin amfani da zaɓin sayen kwangilar Dessers. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2022 |title=Feyenoord decide against taking up Dessers option |url=https://www.feyenoord.com/news/overview/feyenoord-decide-against-taking-up-dessers-option |access-date=6 June 2022 |website=feyenoord.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3qv87emzui6ufmqnv88vs4f5ker3g5d 0 151266 839411 836133 2026-05-23T16:53:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chidiebere Chijioke Nwakali''' ( // ⓘ ; an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1996) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa Tuwaiq wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya. == Aikin kulob == A ranar 20 ga Janairun 2014, Nwakali ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] daga Shuttle Sports Academy, bayan ya yi fice a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 ta 2013. Ya kuma kasance cikin tawagar farko da ta fara zuwa Amurka a watan Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2014 |title=Report: Nigerian starlets to join City's pre-season tour |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/report-nigerian-starlets-kelechi-iheanacho-7321005 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2015, Nwakali ya sami aro ga Málaga CF har zuwa watan Yunin 2017, inda aka tura shi zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Tercera División . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2015 |title=Trio secure loan moves |url=https://mcfc.co.uk/news/team-news/2015/january/zuculini-evans-and-nwakali-agree-loan-moves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322172035/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/news/team-news/2015/january/zuculini-evans-and-nwakali-agree-loan-moves |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=Manchester City's official website}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2015 |title=El City cede a Nwakali hasta 2017 |trans-title=City loans Nwakali until 2017 |url=http://malaga.eldesmarque.com/malaga-cf/38724-el-city-cede-a-nwakali-hasta-2017 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=El Desmarque |language=es |archive-date=12 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412110828/http://malaga.eldesmarque.com/malaga-cf/38724-el-city-cede-a-nwakali-hasta-2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matakin 'yan wasa na farko a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a gida da Antequera CF. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2015 |title=Reserve team makes things difficult for Antequera CF (1–0) |url=http://www.malagacf.com/en/news/reserve-team-makes-things-difficult-for-antequera-cf-1-0 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=Málaga's official website}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2015, Nwakali ya karɓi aro daga ƙungiyar Segunda División [[Girona FC|ta Girona FC]], a cikin yarjejeniyar kakar wasa mai tsawo. Duk da haka, dole ne ya jira har zuwa 5 ga Oktoba kafin a same shi a hukumance, saboda izinin aiki . A ranar 31 ga Maris 2016, Nwakali ya dakatar da aronsa da ƙungiyar Catalans, bayan ya kasa buga wasa ko da na minti ɗaya a ƙungiyar, kuma nan take ya koma ƙungiyar Tippeligaen ta IK Start . [1] A ranar 2 ga Afrilu ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar, inda ya maye gurbin Mathias Rasmussen a wasan da suka sha kashi a gida da ci 1-0 a hannun Viking FK . [2] A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2017, Nwakali ya koma Sogndal Football a kan aro. Daga nan aka ba shi aro ga [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] a watan Janairun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2018 |title=Aberdeen sign Chidi Nwakali on loan from Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42632147 |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aberdeen FC Archives |url=https://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/category/aberdeen-fc/}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2018, ya koma kulob din Raków Częstochowa na Poland amma bayan wasanni biyu kacal a dukkan gasa, ya bar kulob din saboda dalilai na kashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2018 |title=Chidiebere Nwakali odszedł z Rakowa |url=http://www.90minut.pl/news/291/news2916628-Chidiebere-Nwakali-odszedl-z-Rakowa.html |access-date=19 November 2018 |website=90minut.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2019, Kalmar FF ta sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu kan Nwakali a kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu. A watan Fabrairun 2020 an kori Nwakali daga Kalmar FF saboda gazawarsa na dawowa kan lokaci daga hutun Kirsimeti A ranar 21 ga Mayu, Nwakali ya yi tafiya zuwa Tsibirin Faroe mai nisa don yin gwaji tare da zakaran kakar wasa ta bara, KÍ Klaksvík . A ranar 9 ga Satumba 2023, Nwakali ya koma Al-Jubail . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Done Deal: Nwakali Joins Saudi Arabia Clubside Al-Jubail Club |url=https://nigeriasportsnews.com/done-deal-nwakali-joins-saudi-arabia-clubside-al-jubail-club/}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2025, Nwakali ya shiga Tuwaiq . <ref>{{Cite web |title=الأسد النيجيري "تشيدي نوكالي" يعود ليدافع عن ألوان نادي طويق |url=https://x.com/Touik_club/status/1964755920560459847}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|27 July 2018}}<ref name="CNSW">{{cite web |title=C. Nwakali |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/chidiebere-nwakali/319128/ |work=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=10 January 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin Ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Kofin League ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="5" | [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | 2014–15 | [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2015–16 | Gasar Firimiya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2016–17 | Gasar Firimiya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2017–18 | Gasar Firimiya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 |- | [[Girona FC|Girona]] (rance) | 2015–16 | Sashen Segunda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | IK Start (rance) | 2016 | Tippeligaen | 22 | 3 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 23 | 3 |- | Sogndal (rance) | 2017 | Eliteserien | 26 | 4 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | 1 | 0 | 28 | 4 |- | [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] (rance) | 2017–18 | Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 53 ! 7 ! 5 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 59 ! 7 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9iynkdkdit26at02xr7n7231nuwwoh1 0 151453 839610 836803 2026-05-24T08:25:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 839610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chinedu "Bright" Dike''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 1987) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] mai ritaya wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . An haife shi a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kuma ya buga wa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]] wasa. <ref name="Bright Dike Called up by Nigeria for Miami Friendly">{{Cite web |title=Bright Dike Called up by Nigeria for Miami Friendly |url=http://www.prostamerika.com/2012/11/11/bright-dike-called-up-by-nigeria/74141 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117075845/http://www.prostamerika.com/2012/11/11/bright-dike-called-up-by-nigeria/74141 |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=Prost Amerika}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Kwaleji da mai son karatu === An haifi Dike a Edmond, Oklahoma, kuma ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Edmond North, kuma ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji a Jami'ar Notre Dame daga 2005 zuwa 2009, inda ya sake sanya rigarsa ta ƙaramin wasa a shekarar 2007. A matsayinsa na ɗalibi na farko, ya fara dukkan wasanni 21 ga Irish, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a kwallaye (12) da jimillar maki (29), kuma an sanya shi cikin ƙungiyar Big East Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bright Dike Profile |url=http://www.und.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/dike_bright00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306015422/http://www.und.com/sports/m-soccer/mtt/dike_bright00.html |archive-date=6 March 2012 |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=University of Notre Dame}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa na kwaleji, Dike ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya tare da Indiana Invaders a gasar USL Premier Development League . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indiana Invaders Roster 2006 |url=http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2006/roster/22332.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003153823/http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2006/roster/22332.html |archive-date=3 October 2012 |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=USL}}</ref> === Ƙwararren === An zaɓi Dike a zagaye na farko (na 12 gaba ɗaya) na gasar MLS SuperDraft ta 2010 ta Columbus Crew . Duk da haka, bayan horo da ƙungiyar duk lokacin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa, bai shiga cikin tawagar ba kuma aka sallame shi. A ranar 7 ga Afrilu 2010, Dike ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara ɗaya da Portland Timbers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2010 |title=Timbers sign Obatola, Dike for 2010 campaign |url=http://www.portlandtimbers.com/newsroom/pressreleases/index.html?article_id=1586 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504063339/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/newsroom/pressreleases/index.html?article_id=1586 |archive-date=4 May 2010 |access-date=30 June 2022 |publisher=Portland Timbers}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan wasa a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2010 a wasan da suka yi da AC St. Louis . <ref>{{Cite web |title=USSF Division-2 Pro League |url=http://ussf.demosphere.com/scripts/runisa.dll?M2:gp::73193+Elements/Display+E+47107+Stats/+1634154 |website=ussf.demosphere.com}}</ref> Dike ya yi nasarar cin kwallaye uku a wasan US Open Cup da Kitsap Pumas a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin 2010. A kakar wasa ta 2010 ta USSF D2 Pro League, Dike ya buga wasanni 23 a Portland inda ya zura kwallaye 10. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2010, an nada Dike a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa huɗu na farko da [[Katako na Portland|Portland Timbers]] ta saye kafin faɗaɗa su zuwa Major League Soccer a 2011, tare da Steve Cronin, Ryan Pore da Eddie Johnson . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arnold |first=Geoffrey |date=19 October 2010 |title=Timbers announce first signed players for MLS |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/index.ssf/2010/10/timbers_announce_first_signed.html |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=Oregon Live}}</ref> An ba Dike aro ne ga ƙungiyar USL Pro ta Los Angeles Blues a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arnold |first=Geoffrey |date=7 May 2012 |title=Portland Timbers' Bright Dike loaned to L.A. club |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/index.ssf/2012/05/portland_timbers_bright_dike_r_1.html |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=Oregon Live}}</ref> sannan aka kira shi zuwa Portland a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timbers recall forward Bright Dike from loan, send defender Andrew Jean-Baptiste on loan to L.A. Blues |url=http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2012/07/timbers-recall-forward-bright-dike-loan-send-defender-andrew-jean-baptiste-loan-la-blue |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712185532/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2012/07/timbers-recall-forward-bright-dike-loan-send-defender-andrew-jean-baptiste-loan-la-blue |archive-date=12 July 2012 |access-date=4 January 2013 |publisher=Portland Timbers}}</ref> Bayan komawa Portland, Dike ya zira kwallaye 5 a sauran wasanni 11 na kakar wasa. <ref name="Timbers confirm Dike has torn ACL, sidelined until August">{{Cite web |last=Itel |first=Dan |date=9 February 2013 |title=Timbers confirm Dike has torn ACL, sidelined until August |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/02/08/timbers-confirm-fwd-dike-has-torn-acl-out-until-august |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212020612/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/02/08/timbers-confirm-fwd-dike-has-torn-acl-out-until-august |archive-date=12 February 2013 |access-date=11 February 2013 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> [[Fayil:Bright_Dike_vs._LA_Galaxy.jpg|left|thumb|Dike yana wasa da 'yan itacen Timbers]] A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2013, an sanar da cewa Dike ya ji rauni a wasan share fagen kakar wasa da Seattle Sounders FC kuma ana sa ran zai yi jinyar akalla har zuwa watan Agusta 2013. <ref name="Timbers confirm Dike has torn ACL, sidelined until August"/> Dike was traded to Toronto FC in September 2013 along with a 2015 first-round draft pick and allocation money in exchange for Maximiliano Urruti and an international roster spot.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2013 |title=Toronto FC deal Argentine striker Maximiliano Urruti to Portland Timbers for Bright Dike, 2015 draft pick |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/09/09/toronto-fc-deal-argentine-striker-maximiliano-urruti-portland-timbers-bright |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220014826/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/09/09/toronto-fc-deal-argentine-striker-maximiliano-urruti-portland-timbers-bright |archive-date=20 February 2014 |access-date=9 September 2013 |publisher=Major League Soccer}}</ref> Dike scored his first goal for Toronto on 28 September 2013, the game-winner in a 4–1 victory over D.C. United. Dike scored the volley off of a cross by Mark Bloom.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bottjer |first=Steve |date=28 September 2013 |title=Beast is back: Bright Dike cherishes first goal for Toronto FC in streak-breaking victory vs. DC United |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/09/28/beast-back-bright-dike-cherishes-first-goal-toronto-fc-streak-breaking-victo |access-date=28 September 2013 |publisher=Major League Soccer |archive-date=30 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930192843/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/09/28/beast-back-bright-dike-cherishes-first-goal-toronto-fc-streak-breaking-victo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following impressive form with the national team, Toronto FC arranged a training stint for Dike at [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] of the Scottish Premiership following the 2013 MLS season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Grant |title=Celtic lining up training stint for Nigerian striker Bright Dike |url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/250273-celtic-lining-up-training-stint-for-nigerian-striker-bright-dike/ |access-date=9 December 2013 |publisher=STV Sport |archive-date=12 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212132050/http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/250273-celtic-lining-up-training-stint-for-nigerian-striker-bright-dike/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> At this time, speculation also arose that both Hull City and Queen's Park Rangers were interested in signing the striker.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HULL, QPR EYEING TORONTO FC STRIKER BRIGHT DIKE |url=http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/hull-qpr-eyeing-toronto-fc-striker-bright-dike-3994793 |access-date=9 December 2013 |publisher=Tribal Football}}</ref> On 9 December 2013, it was reported that Dike had returned to Toronto from Celtic without an offer for the player at that time.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=KurtLarSUN|title=Twitter post}} {{Dead link|date=September 2023}}</ref> On 20 February 2014 Dike suffered the injury while training with Toronto FC, according to Goal.com. The injury is expected to keep him out for the year and will prevent him from participating in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. Dike had previously suffered a similar injury while playing with the Portland Timbers. A ranar 27 ga Afrilu 2015 aka ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Arewacin Amurka ta San Antonio Scorpions na ɗan lokaci da ba a bayyana ba, don ya yi atisaye a lokacin wasan ƙungiyar farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian International Striker Bright Dike Acquired by San Antonio &#124; San Antonio Scorpions |url=http://www.sascorpions.com/news/2015/04/27/nigerian-international-striker-bright-dike-acquired-by-san-antonio |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208202933/http://www.sascorpions.com/news/2015/04/27/nigerian-international-striker-bright-dike-acquired-by-san-antonio |archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> Toronto ta yafe Dike a ranar 4 ga Agusta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2015 |title=Toronto FC Waives Bright Dike |url=http://www.torontofc.ca/post/2015/08/04/toronto-fc-waives-bright-dike}}</ref> [[Fayil:SMvsAmkar_(4).jpg|thumb|Dike tare da Amkar Perm]] A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2016, Dike ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin watanni 18 da FC Amkar Perm, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Rasha, a gasar Premier League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2016 |title=Амкар подписал контракт с Чинеду Дайком |url=http://fc-amkar.org/news/?id=30570 |access-date=19 February 2016 |website=fc-amkar.org |publisher=[[FC Amkar Perm]] |language=ru}}</ref> An sallami Dike daga ƙungiyar a ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perm |first=FC Amkar |title=BREAKING: @fc_amkar have announced that @bbright19 has left the club. #fcamkarpic.twitter.com/u2IFqADtpy |url=https://twitter.com/FCAmkarUK/status/735107095230566401?lang=en-gb}}</ref> Dike ya sanya hannu a Pahang FA kafin rufe kasuwar musayar 'yan wasa ta Malaysia ta 2017. Ya zura kwallo a wasansa na farko da T-Team a gasar Super League ta Malaysia. Inda ya taimaka wa Pahang zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar FA ta Malaysia ta hanyar zura kwallo ta uku a wasan farko da JDT, wanda ya sa tsohon dan wasan ya ci kwallo 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumpulan Media Karangkraf |url=http://www.karangkraf.com/sukan/jdt-terpaksa-tunduk-dengan-pahang-1.652774 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209123744/http://www.karangkraf.com/sukan/jdt-terpaksa-tunduk-dengan-pahang-1.652774 |archive-date=9 February 2018 |access-date=9 February 2018}}</ref> An sallame shi a lokacin musayar 'yan wasa a tsakiyar kakar wasa da kuma kafin wasan karshe na gasar FA lokacin da kungiyar ta yanke shawarar maye gurbinsa da Yamil Romero . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == On 11 November 2012, Dike received a call up to the Nigerian national team for a friendly against Venezuela in Miami.<ref name="Bright Dike Called up by Nigeria for Miami Friendly"/> On 14 November 2012 he made his international debut for the Super Eagles in a 3–1 victory over Venezuela in a friendly at Marlins Park in [[Miami|Miami, Florida]]. He started the match and played 68 minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Matthew |title=Int'l Roundup: Dike capped for Nigeria; Spain rout Panama |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2012/11/15/intl-roundup-dike-capped-nigeria-spain-rout-panama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095142/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2012/11/15/intl-roundup-dike-capped-nigeria-spain-rout-panama |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=15 November 2012 |publisher=MLS soccer}}</ref> Dike earned his second call up with the national team as part of the provisional 32-man roster in December 2012 as Nigeria prepared for friendlies against Catalonia and Cape Verde in preparation for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Timbers' Dike called into camp with Nigeria National Team |url=http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2012/12/timbers-dike-called-camp-nigeria-national-team |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224013657/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/news/2012/12/timbers-dike-called-camp-nigeria-national-team |archive-date=24 December 2012 |access-date=22 December 2012 |publisher=Portland Timbers Communications}}</ref> On 2 January 2013 Dike scored his first goal for Nigeria in a 1–1 draw in the unofficial friendly against Catalonia, a side that featured Carles Puyol, [[Xavi]], and [[Gerard Piqué|Gerard Pique]].<ref name="Catalonia">{{Cite web |last=Costello |first=Brian |title=Add one more to the list: Bright Dike's first international goal vs. Catalonia By Brian Costello |url=http://www.portlandtimbers.com/blog/post/2013/01/02/add-one-more-list-bright-dikes-first-international-goal-vs-catalonia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408041655/http://www.portlandtimbers.com/blog/post/2013/01/02/add-one-more-list-bright-dikes-first-international-goal-vs-catalonia |archive-date=8 April 2013 |access-date=18 November 2013 |publisher=Portland Timbers}}</ref> Despite being called a "new sensation", Dike was left off of the roster for the match against Cape Verde and was not selected for Nigeria's final 23-man roster for the African Cup of Nations tournament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adewuyi |first=Lolade |title=Nigeria announce final Afcon squad of 23 players |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4687/2013-africa-cup-of-nations/2013/01/09/3631664/nigeria-announce-final-afcon-squad-of-23-players?ICID=HP_BN_5 |access-date=9 January 2013 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2013, an sake kiran Dike cikin tawagar Najeriya a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin Uche Nwofor na SC Heerenveen da ya ji rauni a zagaye na biyu na wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 da Habasha da kuma wasan sada zumunta da Italiya . Game da dawo da Dike cikin tawagar, kocin Najeriya Stephen Keshi ya ce, "Muna kawo (Dike) cikin tawagar saboda mun san abin da zai iya yi kuma mun yi imanin cewa yana da cikakkiyar lafiyar da zai iya taimakawa". [1] Dike ya shirya tsaf kuma yana kan benci a wasan Habasha amma bai buga wasa ba. [2] Bayan kwana biyu, Dike ya fara wasan sada zumunci da Italiya kuma ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a hukumance ga Super Eagles a minti na 35 da taimakon Shola Ameobi . [3] Dike ya sha wahala a hannun Achilles a lokacin atisaye a watan Fabrairun 2014 wanda hakan ya tilasta masa fita daga gasar cin kofin duniya ta Najeriya a karkashin Stephen Keshi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galarcep |first=Ives |title=right Sources: Toronto FC's Bright Dike suffers torn Achilles, to miss MLS season and World Cup |url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/1110/major-league-soccer/2014/02/17/4627270/sources-toronto-fcs-bright-dike-suffers-another-torn-achilles-to-?ICID=HP_BN_1/ |access-date=3 June 2014 |publisher=goal.com}}</ref> Daga baya Stephen Keshi ya tabbatar da cewa da ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasan Brazil da ba a ji masa rauni ba, yana mai cewa "Da ya kasance a nan, eh. Abin kunya ne. Amma wannan kwallon kafa ce." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zeitlin |first=Dave |title=right World Cup: Nigeria coach Stephen Keshi says MLS move did not impact Obafemi Martins' int'l chances |url=http://www.mlssoccer.com/worldcup/2014/news/article/2014/06/03/world-cup-nigeria-coach-stephen-keshi-says-mls-move-did-not-impact-obafemi-m/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605065334/http://www.mlssoccer.com/worldcup/2014/news/article/2014/06/03/world-cup-nigeria-coach-stephen-keshi-says-mls-move-did-not-impact-obafemi-m |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=3 June 2014 |publisher=mlssoccer.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 675fgxwxowwa9tounnrd7lpcqkcpare 4 151786 839548 839290 2026-05-24T01:47:03Z Miss abbas 31746 Apply 839548 json application/json { "u24259": { "username": "Abusule dankofa", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na editor na wikimedia hanzai bani damar yin aiki cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u12444": { "username": "Hamza DK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "As an second active editor of Wiktionary and Wikidata, I need this data support to edit more and upload information on Wiktionary, Wikipedia and wiki data. And this support will helps me contribute regularly and improve free knowledge for everyone." }, "u9880": { "username": "Galdiz", "state": "Borno", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Na kasance edita me bada gudummawa harna tsawon kusan shekara 7 ina Alfahari da wannan aiki da nakeyi. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data support ne saboda watarana kanaso kayi wani abin Amman rashin data saiya hanaka wannan tallafi zai taimaka kwarai da gaske Allah ya bamu sa’a ya taimaki Hausa Wikipedia." }, "u21576": { "username": "Dev moha2507", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data domin in ci gaba da aikin da nake yi a Wikimedia/Hausa Wikipedia.\nIna so na ciga ba da inganta bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina amfani da lokaci na wajen bincike, gyara, da rubuta ingantattun bayanai domin su amfani al’umma baki ɗaya.\nina fuskantar ƙarancin data wanda ke rage min damar ci gaba da wannan aiki mai muhimmanci. Idan aka taimaka min da wannan tallafi, zan iya ƙara himma wajen:\nInganta Hausa Wikipedia da ƙarin articles masu amfani\nTaimakawa wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin Hausa\nDa kuma shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia community yadda ya kamata" }, "u44591": { "username": "Engineer014", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ni sabon edita ne a Hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin tabbas zan ƙara samun karsashi na ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙalu da kuma gyara waɗanda ke akwai. Tabbas samun wannan tallafin zai taimaka mani wajan ƙarin karsahi." }, "u19233": { "username": "Ibrahim abusufyan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "I need the data supppprt.because it will help.in wrinting ,and make your.work.more easire and paster,ballerss ,so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more engl8shnto.determ" }, "u39275": { "username": "Sardeeq", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "As an active editor data support will definitely help more, inorder for me to keep contributing i think I need the support 100%.\nI also I need the data support to research edit and improve Wikipedia articles consistently and effectively." }, "u38699": { "username": "Arcdanumma047", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need this in order to contribute More and more edit then last time because of this data . Because some time we can't get data network and we want edit, but now I believed. If we get this free data network the edit will add more" }, "u22698": { "username": "Umar A Muhammad", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need data support because I needed for many reason first I'm a student I don't have enouph money .\n The support will help me participate actively in Wikimedia activities, online trainings, research, editing, and community contributions without internet limitations." }, "u28242": { "username": "Dmukhtar105", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I want data support to activately contribute to Hausa Wikipedia by creating, editing and improving articles in hausa language,the support will enables me to access different resources conduct research and participate regularly" }, "u43323": { "username": "Saad Nuhu", "state": "Gombe", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na Administrator hakan zai bani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci domin tantance aiki mai kyau cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u45027": { "username": "Wayit", "state": "Plateau", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am a student and am really struggling to get data to be in the wikimedia hausa space to learn more and also give my on impact \nAnd even to run some of my school activities on line so if am being supported it will really mean a lot to me and it will go along way" }, "u41082": { "username": "Hussey833", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan data support in ne domin hakan zai taimaka min wajen bada gudumuwa cikin natsuwa da kuma tabbatar da inkancin shafin wikipedia batare da fargaba ba,sannan kuma tallafin yakan kara karsashi cikin natsuwa wajen gaanin cewa bada gudunmuwa ta edit baizamo matsala ba a wannan shafi na wikipedia" }, "u24783": { "username": "Abubakar Kaddi", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne na data support domin cigaba bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma yan uwanta, ada an taɓa bani kuma naji daɗi saboda na ninka ayyukan da nakeyi na editing din Wikipedia a lokacin da na samu tallafin Nagode Allah ya bamu nasara daga Abubakar Kaddi" }, "u32668": { "username": "Muhdavdullahi", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukala da gyaran muqala.\nA matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa hakan zaibani damar kirkira da kuma gyara mukala batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u22641": { "username": "Naja'atu Bintoo Usman", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support because I actively contribute to Wikipedia by reading, editing, and researching articles. Access to data will help me contribute more consistently, improve the quality of my edits, and support my learning and research activities, especially where internet access is limited." }, "u12577": { "username": "Umar-askira", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina nema wanna tallafin me daga gidauniya ya Hausa Wikimedians domin chi gaba da nada gudunmuwa a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanya kirikiran makalai, bunkasa makalai tare da inganta makalai. Hausa Wikipedia tana bukatan cigaba da bunkasa ta hanyar fasara makalai daga wasu yarikan zuwa Hausa Musamman English zuwa Hausa ko Arabic zuwa Hausa." }, "u28228": { "username": "HK RIGASA2", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data Support Program domin samun damar cigaba da bada gudummawa a ayyukan Wikimedia musamman Wikipedia da sauran projects. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen samun internet data domin yin editing, bincike, upload na abubuwa masu amfani da kuma kara inganta ilimin al’umma ta hanyar harshen Hausa.\nHaka kuma wannan tallafin zai kara min karfin gwaiwa da kuzarin cigaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai tare da koyon sababbin abubuwa a cikin Wikimedia movement. Ina da burin amfani da wannan dama wajen taimakawa wajen yada ingantaccen ilimi kyauta ga al’umma." }, "u19064": { "username": "Mansir Yusuf", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen kwarin gwiwar cigaba da bada gudunmawa a makalolin Hausa Wikipedia, ina fatan sanyi nasarar samun tallafin domin ina bukatar shi kuma zai taimaka min bama ni ka dai ba da sauran editicin da suka nemi wannan tallafin" }, "u29451": { "username": "Halima Waziri", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data support to enhance my contributions to open knowledge and improve access to reliable information. The support will help me overcome internet and data cost challenges, enabling me to actively participate in Wikimedia projects through editing, research, uploads, and community activities. It will also support my efforts to promote digital literacy, document local knowledge, and encourage more people, especially underrepresented groups, to contribute to free and accessible knowledge platforms." }, "u44366": { "username": "Pretty Fulani", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data supppprt because it will help me to continue contribute and make your work more easire and paster also I don have enauph money ballerss so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more." }, "u14681": { "username": "Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu", "state": "Plateau", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi na nema a baya ban taba samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na dace domin wannan tallafi nasan zai taimaka min sosai musamman wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwa a shafukan hausa wikipedia domin wani lokacin kanaso ka bada gudunmuwa ko kayi editing to rashin isassar data sai ta hana mutum duk yadda kaso da kayi editing din" }, "u44560": { "username": "Mai Jiddah muhammad", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina buƙatar wannan tallafi ne domin ni sabuwa ce a gyara makalolin Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbi, ina fatan samun wannan tallafin zai kara min hazaka wajen ganin na cigaba da editing da samar da makalolin Wikipedia idan har na samun tallafin, dan haka wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai idan na same shi, Nagode." }, "u12403": { "username": "M Bash Ne", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support to help me actively continuing contribute to Wikimedia projects, especially Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language Wikimedia platforms. The support will enable me to participate in online editing activities, create and improve articles, upload educational content, and engage in community campaigns, training, and outreach programs. Reliable internet access is very important for my contributions and will help me continue promoting free knowledge in the Hausa language community." }, "u28682": { "username": "Khalifah123", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Am requesting for it because it will gave me the opportunity to create some articles and edits some previous articles properly and also give the chance to do my work without me thinking of going out of data thank you" }, "u37991": { "username": "MUDASSIR MODE BISSALAM", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data akan ayukkan da mukeyi na internet,\nDon zakalo muhimman abubuwa na yau da kullun,zamu gabatar da bincike bincikenmu idan har munsamu gudun muwa daga gareku,hakika wannan aiki yanada mahimmanci sosai ga al’umma da duniya baki daya amma muna muna bukatar support na yin aiki tukuru." }, "u21046": { "username": "Dev ammar", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina bukatan wannan tallafi saboda na siya data don bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia, sakamakon rashin data da nake fuskanta, hakan na bani wahala wajen samun isasshen lokaci da zan bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia dalili shine ina amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa wato computer wajen sauqaqar da aikina, kuma tana jan data sosai. Nagode" }, "u25549": { "username": "Pharouqenr", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da kuma gyaran muƙalu. A matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa kuma mai gudanarwa, hakan zaibani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u27364": { "username": "Sani Abdullahi M", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "A lokacin baya ni ma na taba neman wannan tallafi ban samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na samu a hakikan gaskiya wannan tallafin zai taimakawa mu kananan editoci wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwar yin editing ina fatan a wannan karon nayi nasara na samu domin na zama mai bada gudunmuwa a koda yaushe" }, "u14848": { "username": "Zahrah0", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data support ne saboda in ringa bada gudunmawa a wajen editing, kir Kiran muƙala, fassara a hausa Wikipedia saboda wani lokaci rashin data shiyake hana ni editing da kuma fassarori a Wikipedia" }, "u31123": { "username": "Nnamadee", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data ne saboda zai taimaka mani sosai wajen inganta muƙala, ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata. A matsayina na administrator kuma mai bada gudummawa ta din-din-din, tallafin data zai taimaka mani sosai wajen ƙara jajircewa." }, "u30485": { "username": "Aluja", "state": "Nasarawa", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin kara samun kwarin gwiwa wajen bayar da gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta. Duk da cewa muna bada gudummawar amma wannan tallafi na ƙaramin tasiri zai yi ba ƙara mana ƙaimi a cikin tafiyar. Allah Ubangiji ya bamu sa'a." }, "u15405": { "username": "Ibrahim Sani Mustapha", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske wajen ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai." }, "u23935": { "username": "Ummun Sultan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi ina neman shi ne domin samun data da zan cigaba Congratulations Hausa Wikipedia da kuma sister projects nata, idan na samu wannan tallafi zanyi amfani da shi wajen kara yawan gudunmawar da nake badawa a hausa Wikipedia da kuma sister project nata." }, "u37993": { "username": "Abbakaramb", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "To help me stay online so that I can edit and write in wikimedia.\nAs you all know that Data is too cost now and the economy is not friendly😊.\nI need like 10-15GB if i am to stay online for at least a week." }, "u24821": { "username": "Ashiru Lawal", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am writing to request data support to assist and enhance my efforts in Wikipedia editing and publishing. I have remained committed to contributing valuable and reliable information on Wikipedia through regular editing, research, and content improvement aimed at promoting free access to knowledge." }, "u21695": { "username": "BAFFA ISAH MK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am requesting data support to help me remain active in contributing to Wikimedia platforms, with a strong focus on Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language projects. Access to internet data will allow me to continue editing and developing articles, sharing educational resources, and taking part in online trainings, campaigns, and community engagement activities.\n\nThis support will greatly improve my ability to contribute consistently and continue advancing free and accessible knowledge for Hausa-speaking communities through Wikimedia initiatives." }, "u38060": { "username": "Kaddi123", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Inanem talafi domin cigaba da editing da samun damar bada gudumuwa a shafin Wikipedia cikin Sauki, wannan zai taimaka min wurin yin ayukan na yau da kulum masaman wurin editing,Ina farin ciki sosai idan na samu shiga cikin wadanda zasu samu wannan talafi na Wikipedia,. Abubakar lawali kaddi" }, "u45064": { "username": "Salahuddin lawan", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want this application in order to improve my life career and earn comfortable life and my school fees money please help me to approve my application due to my reasonable condition and give a chance to help each other for our good career for getting job to earn a living in my life" }, "u21281": { "username": "Mustysummy", "state": "Katsina", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina shaawar bada gudummuwa ga Wikipedia da inganta damar samun ilimi kyauta. \nTallafin zai taimake ni yin bincik, Kirkira, gyara da sabunta tare da \ningantacen bayani. Hakan zai bani damar shiga cikin ayyukan Wikipedia da bada gudummuwar ingantacen aiki wanda zai amfanar da jama'a a duniya baki daya" }, "u37986": { "username": "Maiakwai4u", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman talafi data domin Kara karfa fawa Gurin ci gaban da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa a Duniya, wanna da ya shafi tarihi, Tatalin Arziki, Cigaban Kimita, Nima, Fisahar zamani da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa da aladun Harshen Hausa." }, "u24987": { "username": "Kamal JB", "state": "Kebbi", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na data support ne saboda samun cikakkiyar dama wajen kara inganta Wikimedia projects musamman a bangaren yaren mu na Hausa. Ina matukar sanya rai na samun wannan tallafi saboda na nema a baya ban samu ba." }, "u24854": { "username": "Nura Bello", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske Gurin ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai a wannan bagere na Wikipedia." }, "u22074": { "username": "A'isha A Ibrahim", "state": "Kano", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Assalamu Alaikum,\nIna mai neman wannan tallafi a matsayina ta mace wadda muke da bukatar karfafawa a wajen bayar da gudummawarmu a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Hakika samun wannan tallafi ba ƙaramin ƙara jawo hankalinmu zai yi ba na ganin cewa mun jajirce wajen bayar da gudummawarmu kuma na ganin cewa muma ana damawa da mu a kowane fanni." }, "u26434": { "username": "Habibah A Jisambo", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want to apply for data support to enable me contribute more actively to Wikipedia by creating, editing, and improving articles. Data support will help me access the internet regularly so I can research reliable information, upload useful content, and participate in Wikimedia activities without interruption. This support will encourage me to contribute more knowledge and help make information" }, "u20498": { "username": "Bembety", "state": "Gombe", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Wannan damar za ta sa ni in ƙara ƙwazo wajen gyarawa da bayar da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikipedia. Haka kuma, za ta taimaka mini wajen ƙara ilimi, inganta ƙwarewata ta gyarawa, da haɗin gwiwa da sauran masu gyaran Wikipedia wajen yaɗa ingantaccen kuma amintaccen bayani ga jama’a. Ta wannan hanya, zan iya bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen bunƙasa ilimi kyauta da kuma tallafawa al’ummar Wikimedia." }, "u38003": { "username": "Abdulrahaman Barau Ahmad", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I need data to do more Research and to create more historical about something that will benefit the people so that it can be easily to access and knowing about history.\nAnd I will used the data to strategy by going deep down and be committed to ensure by going through history and making to add some of my knowledge about the history." }, "u26992": { "username": "Muktee1494", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-23", "text": "Suna na Muktar Hassan Abdullahi, Gwararren Edito na Hausa Wikipedia Wanda nake Zaune a Jihar Kaduna a Arewacin Nageriya. Ina mai faring ciki dun ganin an bude wannnan gidauniya ta tainakun editoci dun su samu su ci gaba da bada gudun mawa A hausa Wikipedia. \nNima ina mai matukar alfari da hakan sannan kuma ina Neman wannan gudun mawa wacce Hauwa Wikimedia User Group suke ba dawa dun zata tai maka sosai wajen garfafa mana (Editoci) guiwa dun munsan Hausa Wikipedia basu manta damu ba. \nIna fatan zan samu wannan gudun mawar. \nZaayi duba record dina na Editing na Hausa Wikipedia na sama da watanni biyar 5 domin a ga irin gudun mawar da nake bada wa" }, "u28791": { "username": "Mal Rabo", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-23", "text": "I need the data support to enable me continue editing, translating, and publishing articles on Wikipedia consistently. As an active member of the Hausa Wikimedia community, I contribute to sharing knowledge and improving access to information online. However, limited internet data often makes it difficult for me to log in regularly and make contributions. Receiving this support will help me stay active on Wikipedia, contribute more effectively, and continue promoting free and accessible knowledge through my edits and publications." }, "u31746": { "username": "Miss abbas", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "pending", "date": "2026-05-24", "text": "Even as a student with full dedication to editing, lack or shortage of data makes me feel losing hope. But with this data support ,it will boost my morale, give me more room for checking resources and citations (latest versions),able to prevent and edit errors , verify current postings/contents" } } ezg2i6r3zgt6oi4rct410ootgfnleui 0 152026 839366 839144 2026-05-23T15:33:08Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ m 839366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Collen''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1948 a Mqanduli, Umtata, Transkei, Afirka ta Kudu) marubuci ce ta Mauritian, kuma mai fafutuka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Felicity Hand (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) |date=2010-08-26 |title=Literary Encyclopedia &#124; Lindsey Collen |url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=12828 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Litencyc.com}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar marubuta ta Commonwealth ta 1994 da 2005, Littafin Mafi Kyawu, Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Prize |date= |title=Commonwealth Prize |url=http://www.africabookclub.com/?page_id=1139 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Africabookclub.com}}</ref> Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin New Internationalist . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - New Internationalist |url=http://www.newint.org/contributors/lindsey-collen/ |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Newint.org}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Lalit na Klas . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine |url=http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?auteur567 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=International Viewpoint}}</ref> Ta auri Ram Seegobin . Tana zaune a Mauritius . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-03 |title=Lindsey Collen |url=http://www.feministpress.org/books/lindsey-collen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113724/http://www.feministpress.org/books/lindsey-collen |archive-date=2014-08-26 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=The Feminist Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - Lindsey Collen |url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/Lindsey-Collen/authors/512 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170137/http://www.bloomsbury.com/Lindsey-Collen/authors/512 |archive-date=2012-05-10 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Akwai Ruwa'', Port Louis, Mauritius: Ledikasyon pu Travayer, 1990 *   * Getting Rid of it, London: Granta Books, 1997, .{{ISBN|978-1-86207-079-0}} * Mutiny, London: Bloomsbury, 2001, .{{ISBN|978-0-7475-5265-9}} * Boy, London: Bloomsbury, 2004, .{{ISBN|978-0-7475-6387-7}} * ''Mutumin Malaria da Makwabtanta'', Port Louis, Mauritius: Ledikasyon pu Travayer, 2010, .{{ISBN|978-99903-33-67-1}} === Littattafai === *   *   === Tarihin Tarihi === * Wheelwright, Julie (27 Yuli 2001). "Mutiny by Lindsey Collen". Mai zaman kansa. An samo shi daga asali a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2008. (Binciken) {{Cite web |last=Wheelwright |first=Julie |author-link=Julie Wheelwright |date=27 July 2001 |title=Mutiny by Lindsey Collen |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/mutiny-by-lindsey-collen-752971.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427045604/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/mutiny-by-lindsey-collen-752971.html |archive-date=April 27, 2008 |website=The Independent}} * "The [http://litbit.wordpress.com/2007/12/18/the-rape-of-sita-by-lindsey-collen/ "Rape of Sita by Lindsey Collen"]", ''litbrit'', Disamba 18, 2007 (Bincike) * [http://www.&#x3C;i&#x20;id= defimedia.info/articles/722/1/Lindsey-Collen-Emancipation-is-the-freeing-from-patriarchy/Page1.html" id="mwmQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Lindsey Collen: "Yanci shine 'yanci daga shugabanci"] [mafi kyawun hanyar haɗi], defimedia, Noor Adam Essack, 03/4/2011 (tambayar) {{Dead link|date=December 2017|fix-attempted=yes}} *   * [http://www.lalitmauritius.org/viewnews.php?id=1226 "Lindsey Collen a Tattaunawa"], Littattafai & Siyasa, Jami'ar Reunion * [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=8261&pc=9 "The Subversion of Class and Jender Roles in the Novels of Lindsey Collen (1948-), Mauritian Social Activist and Writer"] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * ''Komye fwa mo finn trap enn pikan ursen'', Ledikasyon pu travayer, 1997, {{ISBN|978-99903-33-18-3}}. * ''Natir imin: Mauritian Creole & English versions'', Ledikasyon pu travayer, 2000, {{ISBN|978-99903-33-31-2}}. {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] 2cgb28li0o38wpwc700s9rdgvlivp1r 839368 839366 2026-05-23T15:33:34Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ 839368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Collen''' an haife ta a shekara ta 1948 a Mqanduli, Umtata, Transkei, Afirka ta Kudu, marubuci ce ta Mauritian, kuma mai fafutuka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Felicity Hand (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) |date=2010-08-26 |title=Literary Encyclopedia &#124; Lindsey Collen |url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=12828 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Litencyc.com}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar marubuta ta Commonwealth ta 1994 da 2005, Littafin Mafi Kyawu, Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commonwealth Prize |date= |title=Commonwealth Prize |url=http://www.africabookclub.com/?page_id=1139 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Africabookclub.com}}</ref> Ayyukanta sun bayyana a cikin New Internationalist . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - New Internationalist |url=http://www.newint.org/contributors/lindsey-collen/ |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Newint.org}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Lalit na Klas . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine |url=http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?auteur567 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=International Viewpoint}}</ref> Ta auri Ram Seegobin . Tana zaune a Mauritius . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-03 |title=Lindsey Collen |url=http://www.feministpress.org/books/lindsey-collen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113724/http://www.feministpress.org/books/lindsey-collen |archive-date=2014-08-26 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=The Feminist Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lindsey Collen - Lindsey Collen |url=http://www.bloomsbury.com/Lindsey-Collen/authors/512 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510170137/http://www.bloomsbury.com/Lindsey-Collen/authors/512 |archive-date=2012-05-10 |access-date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Akwai Ruwa'', Port Louis, Mauritius: Ledikasyon pu Travayer, 1990 *   * Getting Rid of it, London: Granta Books, 1997, .{{ISBN|978-1-86207-079-0}} * Mutiny, London: Bloomsbury, 2001, .{{ISBN|978-0-7475-5265-9}} * Boy, London: Bloomsbury, 2004, .{{ISBN|978-0-7475-6387-7}} * ''Mutumin Malaria da Makwabtanta'', Port Louis, Mauritius: Ledikasyon pu Travayer, 2010, .{{ISBN|978-99903-33-67-1}} === Littattafai === *   *   === Tarihin Tarihi === * Wheelwright, Julie (27 Yuli 2001). "Mutiny by Lindsey Collen". Mai zaman kansa. An samo shi daga asali a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2008. (Binciken) {{Cite web |last=Wheelwright |first=Julie |author-link=Julie Wheelwright |date=27 July 2001 |title=Mutiny by Lindsey Collen |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/mutiny-by-lindsey-collen-752971.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080427045604/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/mutiny-by-lindsey-collen-752971.html |archive-date=April 27, 2008 |website=The Independent}} * "The [http://litbit.wordpress.com/2007/12/18/the-rape-of-sita-by-lindsey-collen/ "Rape of Sita by Lindsey Collen"]", ''litbrit'', Disamba 18, 2007 (Bincike) * [http://www.&#x3C;i&#x20;id= defimedia.info/articles/722/1/Lindsey-Collen-Emancipation-is-the-freeing-from-patriarchy/Page1.html" id="mwmQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Lindsey Collen: "Yanci shine 'yanci daga shugabanci"] [mafi kyawun hanyar haɗi], defimedia, Noor Adam Essack, 03/4/2011 (tambayar) {{Dead link|date=December 2017|fix-attempted=yes}} *   * [http://www.lalitmauritius.org/viewnews.php?id=1226 "Lindsey Collen a Tattaunawa"], Littattafai & Siyasa, Jami'ar Reunion * [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=8261&pc=9 "The Subversion of Class and Jender Roles in the Novels of Lindsey Collen (1948-), Mauritian Social Activist and Writer"] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * ''Komye fwa mo finn trap enn pikan ursen'', Ledikasyon pu travayer, 1997, {{ISBN|978-99903-33-18-3}}. * ''Natir imin: Mauritian Creole & English versions'', Ledikasyon pu travayer, 2000, {{ISBN|978-99903-33-31-2}}. {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] rszj91g9yt5i0i94ggknv05065x64yw 0 152027 839349 839145 2026-05-23T15:18:54Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ + 839349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charlesia Alexis''' (8 ga Satumba, 1934 - 16 ga Disamba, 2012) ta kasance mawaƙiya ce kuma mai fafutuka ta Chagos, sananniya ce don taimakawa wajen kafa Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Chagos . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta a Diego Garcia. Alexis da danginta sun je Port Louis a Mauritius a 1967 don samun magani ga mijinta. Ba a ba su izinin komawa gida daga baya ba saboda Amurka na son kafa sansanin soji a cikin tsibiran. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1982, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta biya diyya ga Chagossians da aka kwashe. Koyaya, ta hanyar karɓar sulhu, sun kuma sanya hannu kan haƙƙinsu na dawowa. Tare da Lisette Talate da Rita Bancoult, ta kafa kungiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Chagos a shekarar 1983. Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Chagos ta dauki yakin ta zuwa kotunan Burtaniya, ta ci nasara a ƙananan kotuna amma daga bisani ta ga cewa Law Lords sun soke wannan sakamakon. Kungiyar ta gaba ta kai kararsu Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai; a cikin 2012, kotun ta yanke hukunci ba tare da yarda da ita ba. A cikin 2002, Chagossian da aka kora sun sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya. A cikin 2004, Alexis ya zauna a Crawley.[1] Ta kuma fitar da rikodin waƙoƙi da yawa. Alexis ya mutu a Crawley yana da shekaru 78. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Chagos Islands dispute}}{{Authority control}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] bvzm1d04vb8sq5qbcsq91y0bpafir9o 839350 839349 2026-05-23T15:19:44Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* Manazarta */ + 839350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charlesia Alexis''' (8 ga Satumba, 1934 - 16 ga Disamba, 2012) ta kasance mawaƙiya ce kuma mai fafutuka ta Chagos, sananniya ce don taimakawa wajen kafa Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Chagos . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta a Diego Garcia. Alexis da danginta sun je Port Louis a Mauritius a 1967 don samun magani ga mijinta. Ba a ba su izinin komawa gida daga baya ba saboda Amurka na son kafa sansanin soji a cikin tsibiran. == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1982, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta biya diyya ga Chagossians da aka kwashe. Koyaya, ta hanyar karɓar sulhu, sun kuma sanya hannu kan haƙƙinsu na dawowa. Tare da Lisette Talate da Rita Bancoult, ta kafa kungiyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Chagos a shekarar 1983. Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira ta Chagos ta dauki yakin ta zuwa kotunan Burtaniya, ta ci nasara a ƙananan kotuna amma daga bisani ta ga cewa Law Lords sun soke wannan sakamakon. Kungiyar ta gaba ta kai kararsu Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai; a cikin 2012, kotun ta yanke hukunci ba tare da yarda da ita ba. A cikin 2002, Chagossian da aka kora sun sami izinin zama ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya. A cikin 2004, Alexis ya zauna a Crawley.[1] Ta kuma fitar da rikodin waƙoƙi da yawa. Alexis ya mutu a Crawley yana da shekaru 78. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1934]] pmfj7tatxoo5dua09l8cn7mf22ntmuh 3 152050 839525 839177 2026-05-23T22:49:49Z Habibicb 45079 /* Barka da zuwa! */ Mayarwa 839525 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Habibicb! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Habibicb|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 22 Mayu 2026 (UTC) :????? sorry, but I don't understand that language [[User:Habibicb|Habibicb]] ([[User talk:Habibicb|talk]]) 22:49, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) o7o170jvawqm8nobu5qr1dy266z5fme 0 152066 839347 839298 2026-05-23T15:15:20Z Em-mustapha 6594 Em-mustapha moved page [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na masana'antar taba]] to [[Gidan Wasan kwaikwayo na Tobacco]] without leaving a redirect 839298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masana'antar taba''' yana kan bene na farko na ginin masana'antar Taba a kusurwar titin Arewa da Raleigh Road, Southville a [[Bristol]], Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Directions |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/visit/directions/}}</ref> Wurin yana da wurare biyu na wasan kwaikwayon - Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Spielman (wurin wasan kwaikwayo mai sauƙi don mutane 72) da Gidan wasan kwaikwayon Factory (babban gidan da ke kunshe da sararin studio tare da rufi mai laushi da tsayayyen grid tare da ginshiƙan tsari wanda ke shiga cikin yankin wasan kwaikwayo). Har ila yau akwai mashaya / ɗakin kwana, ɗakunan taro da Ofishin Jakadancin. Babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na iya zama har zuwa mutane 350, kodayake yawanci yana da damar kusan 250.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Spaces |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/about/the_spaces/#the_spaces}}</ref> Shirin ya hada da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya da na zamani, wasan kwaikwayo, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo na fim, wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin 2012 sama da mutane 100,000 sun zo ta ƙofofin gidan wasan kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatre&nbsp;– Support Us |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/support/individuals/#individuals}}</ref> kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayon yana jan hankalin masu sukar ƙasa a kai a kai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TFT&nbsp;– Review Round Up |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/news/detail/richard_iii_review_round_up/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TFT -Review Round Up |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/news/detail/cinderella_review_round-up/}}</ref> == Tarihi == Taba sigari shine babban masana'antu a Kudancin Bristol daga farkon karni na ashirin kuma a mafi girma kusan kashi 40% na ma'aikatan yankin sun yi aiki a Masana'antar Taba sigari. Maido da taba na Imperial a cikin shekarun 1980 ya kasance mai lalacewa ga yankin, wanda ya haifar da rashin aikin yi da talauci. Ginin Masana'antar Taba da kansa ya fada cikin lalacewa amma an sabunta shi daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990 lokacin da George Ferguson ya sami ginin, yana gayyatar Kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Show of Strength don amfani da wani ɓangare na bene na farko a matsayin filin wasan kwaikwayo. Ginin ya zama sararin al'adu mai amfani da juna tare da cafe-bar da gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai kujeru 250, a ƙarƙashin sunan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Taba. A shekara ta 2005 gidan wasan kwaikwayo na taba ya zama amintaccen sadaka kuma a shekara ta 2007 ya zama Babban Mai ba da Ayyuka na Majalisar Birnin Bristol. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatres |url=http://theatrebristol.net/tobacco-factory-theatres |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402141407/http://theatrebristol.net/tobacco-factory-theatres |archive-date=2 April 2014 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=Theatre Bristol}}</ref> Ya fadada tun 2008. Ya yi ci gaba da yawa, gami da shigar da tsarin makamashi mai sabuntawa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayon a kai a kai yana jan hankalin masu sukar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vale |first=Alison |date=17 September 2015 |title=Living Quarters |url=http://www.britishtheatreguide.info/reviews/living-quarters-tobacco-factory-12084 |access-date=26 December 2015 |publisher=British Theatre Guide}}</ref> kuma yana da dangantaka mai karfi tare da masu fasaha da yawa, tare da wuraren da kamfanonin wasan kwaikwayo. An san shi sosai don samar da Shakespeare a Masana'antar Taba, samar da gidaje masu kyau da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma wasan kwaikwayon gargajiya da na zamani, rawa, wasan kwaikwayo, fim, opera da kiɗa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tobacco Factory Theatres&nbsp;— Bristol&nbsp;— History |url=http://www.tobaccofactorytheatre.com/about/history/#history |website=tobaccofactorytheatre.com}}</ref> An sake fasalin gidan wasan kwaikwayon a cikin 2013 kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya, yana ƙara yawan wurin zama zuwa 350, tare da ingantaccen ta'aziyya da layin kallo. Har yanzu ana iya amfani da gidan wasan kwaikwayon don ƙarshen mataki da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Daraktan zane-zane na yanzu shine Heidi Vaughan, wanda aka nada a shekarar 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2022 |title=Heidi Vaughan named as Tobacco Factory Theatres' new Artistic Director & CEO |url=https://tobaccofactorytheatres.com/heidi-vaughan-named-as-tobacco-factory-theatres-new-artistic-director-ceo/ |access-date=11 Nov 2024}}</ref> == Ayyukan cikin gida == === 2026 === * '''Makirci''' === 2025 === * '''Cosi Fan Tutte''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Opera Project) * '''Rapunzel: Labari na Gashi''' === 2024 === * '''Aure na Figaro''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Opera Project) * '''Labarin Winters''' * '''Hansel da Gretel''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabon Gasar Kasa da Kasa) === 2023 === * '''Oliver Twist''' === 2022 === * '''An bayyana shi''' * Sarauniyar Snow (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabon Gidan Duniya & Cambridge Junction) * '''Oz''' (Haɗin gwiwa tare da Pins da Needles) * Snow White (Haɗin gwiwa tare da New International Encounter & Cambridge Junction) == Manazarta == q8odmp473kg4pffqvde8uw6n67x95wl 14 152069 839369 2026-05-23T15:36:27Z Em-mustapha 6594 + 839369 wikitext text/x-wiki Shafuka masu ɗauke da "Authority Control (AC) mara komai. 3s18ljtvh1kggzz7skywzs5tx657zqi 14 152070 839371 2026-05-23T15:42:05Z Em-mustapha 6594 + 839371 wikitext text/x-wiki ;Shafuka masu kurakurai a tsarin Samfurin su cu1ep6xbnifkeoemyxr4s6vsw13s3ql 14 152071 839372 2026-05-23T15:44:03Z Em-mustapha 6594 + 839372 wikitext text/x-wiki ; Dukkan Shafuka dake ɗauke da haɗin waje gurbatattau hq1zc4j20nfgcqgoz4q9oku47ibeihg 14 152072 839381 2026-05-23T15:59:24Z Em-mustapha 6594 +ruk 839381 wikitext text/x-wiki ; Wannan rukuni yana ɗauke da mutanen da suka fito daga Jihar Sokoto fr6rrnbspidkowq9mwiur8w5h8y0adc 14 152073 839413 2026-05-23T16:58:16Z Em-mustapha 6594 Sabon shafi: ; Rukuni mai ɗauke da mutanen da aka haifa a 1987 839413 wikitext text/x-wiki ; Rukuni mai ɗauke da mutanen da aka haifa a 1987 kkqya6prxol9dpbzdzbee7x9tbpx83x 14 152074 839414 2026-05-23T16:59:51Z Em-mustapha 6594 Sabon shafi: ; Rukuni mai ɗauke da mutanen da aka haifa a 1958 839414 wikitext text/x-wiki ; Rukuni mai ɗauke da mutanen da aka haifa a 1958 fkjmbd4nz15o710zw3dtwijuhgo9ku4 0 152075 839448 2026-05-23T18:44:00Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329752473|Óscar Trigo]]" 839448 wikitext text/x-wiki   Óscar Trigo Diez (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1972, a Gràcia, [[Barcelona]]) shi ne kocin Kwallon kwando na keken guragu. Ya jagoranci tawagar maza ta Spain a [[2012 Summer Paralympics|Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2012]] a London . == Na Mutum == An haifi Trigo a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1972, a Gracia, Barcelona . <ref name="coachedclub">{{Cite web |date= |title="El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#124; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano |url=http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=Lacomarcadepuertollano.com |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin ilimin jiki.<ref name="coachedclub" /> == Kwallon kwando na keken guragu == Trigo ya saba da kwando na keken guragu yayin da yake ba da gudummawa a Wasannin Paralympics na 1992 a Barcelona.<ref name="coachedclub">{{Cite web |date= |title="El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#124; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano |url=http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=Lacomarcadepuertollano.com |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 ""El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#x7C; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano"] (in Spanish). Lacomarcadepuertollano.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-26</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Tun lokacin da ya fara shiga cikin wasan a Spain, wasan ya samo asali kuma ya shiga cikin ƙwarewar wasan.<ref name="coachedclub" /> === Ƙungiyar ƙasa === Trigo ya fara shiga cikin tawagar kasa a shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar aiki tare da Hukumar Wasanni don Mutanen da ke da nakasa ta jiki (FEDDF) lokacin da ya yi aiki tare da tawagar kasa da shekaru 22. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'aikatan kocin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 22, sun sami lambar zinare a gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekara 23 da aka gudanar a Turkiyya a shekara ta 2008 da kuma matsayi na biyu a gasar zarrawar Turai ta kasa le shekara 22 da aka gudanar da ita a Paris a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="coachedclub">{{Cite web |date= |title="El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#124; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano |url=http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=Lacomarcadepuertollano.com |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 ""El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#x7C; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano"] (in Spanish). Lacomarcadepuertollano.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-26</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> A matsayinsa na kocin tawagar kasa, ya ba da gudummawa wajen inganta ka'idojin shirye-shiryen dan wasa, kasancewar shi ne kocin farko da ya saka hannun jari a cikin ƙungiyar masu sana'a da yawa a fannoni daban-daban (halayyar mutum, magani, biomechanics, abinci mai gina jiki). Ya kuma inganta ƙa'idodi masu tsauri a matsayin mai zaɓe don samar da ƙungiyoyin da aka gabatar a kowane gasa ta duniya.<ref name="coachedclub" /> Ya horar da tawagar kasa a gasar zakarun Turai a 2009 a Turkiyya (7th wuri), 2011 a Isra'ila (3rd wuri), 2013 a Frankfurt (3rd wuri) da 2018 a Poland (2nd wuri). Ya horar da tawagar kasa a gasar zakarun duniya masu zuwa: 2014 a Incheon (matsayi na 4) da 2018 a Hamburg (matsayin 5). Ya horar da tawagar kasa a wasannin Paralympic na bazara a London 2012 (matsayi na 5) da Tokyo 2021 (matsayin 4). A cikin wasannin Paralympic na bazara na 2016 a Brazil, ya kasance daga cikin ma'aikatan shirya da ke da alhakin tawagar kasa, inda ya sami matsayi na biyu.<ref name="playednether">{{Cite web |date= |title=Trabajada victoria de España ante Holanda |url=http://www.marca.com/2009/10/10/baloncesto/1255193896.html |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=MARCA.com |language=es}}</ref> Tun daga watan Janairun 2022, Oscar Trigo ya dauki nauyin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta guragu ta Portugal. Tare da wannan ƙungiyar, ya yi gasa a gasar zakarun Turai ta C, ya jagoranta su zuwa matsayi na 2 a gasar kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma.<ref name="someotherthign">{{Cite web |date= |title=portugal-e-vice-campeao-da-europa-em-bcr i Francàs&nbsp;— fpb |url=https://www.fpb.pt/noticia/portugal-e-vice-campeao-da-europa-em-bcr/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |publisher=.fpb.pt |language=pt}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9q5bwa4h4i0fsab1fd8ivlg9irsl6ce 839449 839448 2026-05-23T18:44:23Z Quinlan83 13504 Fix 839449 wikitext text/x-wiki Óscar Trigo Diez (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1972, a Gràcia, [[Barcelona]]) shi ne kocin Kwallon kwando na keken guragu. Ya jagoranci tawagar maza ta Spain a [[2012 Summer Paralympics|Wasannin Paralympics na bazara na 2012]] a London . == Na Mutum == An haifi Trigo a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1972, a Gracia, Barcelona . <ref name="coachedclub">{{Cite web |date= |title="El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#124; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano |url=http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=Lacomarcadepuertollano.com |language=es}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin ilimin jiki.<ref name="coachedclub" /> == Kwallon kwando na keken guragu == Trigo ya saba da kwando na keken guragu yayin da yake ba da gudummawa a Wasannin Paralympics na 1992 a Barcelona.<ref name="coachedclub">{{Cite web |date= |title="El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#124; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano |url=http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=Lacomarcadepuertollano.com |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 ""El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#x7C; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano"] (in Spanish). Lacomarcadepuertollano.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-26</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Tun lokacin da ya fara shiga cikin wasan a Spain, wasan ya samo asali kuma ya shiga cikin ƙwarewar wasan.<ref name="coachedclub" /> === Ƙungiyar ƙasa === Trigo ya fara shiga cikin tawagar kasa a shekara ta 2008 ta hanyar aiki tare da Hukumar Wasanni don Mutanen da ke da nakasa ta jiki (FEDDF) lokacin da ya yi aiki tare da tawagar kasa da shekaru 22. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'aikatan kocin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 22, sun sami lambar zinare a gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekara 23 da aka gudanar a Turkiyya a shekara ta 2008 da kuma matsayi na biyu a gasar zarrawar Turai ta kasa le shekara 22 da aka gudanar da ita a Paris a shekara ta 2009.<ref name="coachedclub">{{Cite web |date= |title="El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#124; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano |url=http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=Lacomarcadepuertollano.com |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lacomarcadepuertollano.com/diario/noticia/2013_11_05/15 ""El baloncesto en silla de Ruedas ha experimentado una evolución espectacular" &#x7C; Diario La Comarca de Puertollano"] (in Spanish). Lacomarcadepuertollano.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-26</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> A matsayinsa na kocin tawagar kasa, ya ba da gudummawa wajen inganta ka'idojin shirye-shiryen dan wasa, kasancewar shi ne kocin farko da ya saka hannun jari a cikin ƙungiyar masu sana'a da yawa a fannoni daban-daban (halayyar mutum, magani, biomechanics, abinci mai gina jiki). Ya kuma inganta ƙa'idodi masu tsauri a matsayin mai zaɓe don samar da ƙungiyoyin da aka gabatar a kowane gasa ta duniya.<ref name="coachedclub" /> Ya horar da tawagar kasa a gasar zakarun Turai a 2009 a Turkiyya (7th wuri), 2011 a Isra'ila (3rd wuri), 2013 a Frankfurt (3rd wuri) da 2018 a Poland (2nd wuri). Ya horar da tawagar kasa a gasar zakarun duniya masu zuwa: 2014 a Incheon (matsayi na 4) da 2018 a Hamburg (matsayin 5). Ya horar da tawagar kasa a wasannin Paralympic na bazara a London 2012 (matsayi na 5) da Tokyo 2021 (matsayin 4). A cikin wasannin Paralympic na bazara na 2016 a Brazil, ya kasance daga cikin ma'aikatan shirya da ke da alhakin tawagar kasa, inda ya sami matsayi na biyu.<ref name="playednether">{{Cite web |date= |title=Trabajada victoria de España ante Holanda |url=http://www.marca.com/2009/10/10/baloncesto/1255193896.html |access-date=2013-11-26 |publisher=MARCA.com |language=es}}</ref> Tun daga watan Janairun 2022, Oscar Trigo ya dauki nauyin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta guragu ta Portugal. Tare da wannan ƙungiyar, ya yi gasa a gasar zakarun Turai ta C, ya jagoranta su zuwa matsayi na 2 a gasar kuma ya sami ci gaba zuwa matsayi mafi girma.<ref name="someotherthign">{{Cite web |date= |title=portugal-e-vice-campeao-da-europa-em-bcr i Francàs&nbsp;— fpb |url=https://www.fpb.pt/noticia/portugal-e-vice-campeao-da-europa-em-bcr/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |publisher=.fpb.pt |language=pt}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lfvx7rs5ku3vehzljy73t6368dpaa4t 0 152076 839454 2026-05-23T18:50:56Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1277365983|Emília Coranty Llurià]]" 839454 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Emília Coranty Llurià''' (bayan aure, Emília Corantine de Guasch; Fabrairu 19, 1862 - Fabrairu 18, 1944) ta kasance mai zane-zane kuma malamin zane-zane da ke da alaƙa da [[Barcelona]] da Valls . == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Emília Coranty Llurià a Barcelona . Ta sami horo na fasaha a makarantar zane-zane na Mataimakin lardin Barcelona, a Escola de la Llotja (1885-1887), kuma a Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi (1886-1888). A lokacin tafiyar karatu zuwa [[Rum|Roma]], ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, mai zane [[Francesc Guasch]] (1888-1923). Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1888, kuma Emília ta gabatar da wasu ayyukanta a baje kolin duniya na Barcelona na 1888 A shekara mai zuwa, ta koma [[Faris|Paris]], sannan ta tafi nune-nunen a duk faɗin duniya. A shekara ta 1893, an ba ta lambar azurfa, na gidan mata a baje kolin Columbian na Duniya a Birnin [[Chicago]], inda ta nuna tare da Mary Cassatt da Rosa Bonheur . A shekara ta 1895, ta nuna a {{Interlanguage link|Exposition de Bordeaux (1895)|fr}} . Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Escola de la Llotja <ref name="3:frwp">{{Cite web |title=Emília Coranty Llurià |url=http://www.ub.edu/modernisme/autors/emilia-coranty-lluria |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=www.ub.edu |publisher=Modernisme Accés Obert |language=ca}}</ref> kuma ta yi kamfen duk rayuwarta don mata su sami horo na fasaha mai inganci. == Mutuwa da gado == Emília Coranty Llurià ta mutu ranar da ta cika shekaru 82 a Barcelona, 18 ga Fabrairu, 1944, kuma an binne ta a makabartar Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, tare da mijinta.<ref name="4:frwp">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=CB ofrece una ruta cultural por el Cementerio de Sarrià |url=https://revistafuneraria.com/cb-ofrece-una-ruta-cultural-por-el-cementerio-de-sarria/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Revista Funeraria |language=es}}</ref> Ana gudanar da aikinta a Museo Nacional d'Art de Catalunya <ref name="5:frwp">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=From My Garden |url=https://www.museunacional.cat/en/colleccio/my-garden/emilia-coranty/010851-000 |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Museo del Prado . Gidauniyar Guasch Coranty, wacce aka kirkira a Barcelona a karkashin jagorancin Coranty, ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin zane-zane.<ref name="7:frwp">{{Cite web |title=Qui som? |url=http://guaschcoranty.com/fundacio/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Fundació Guasch Coranty |language=ca}}</ref> == Manazarta == gzyah2lktgyv2w6pl0b3ix2qyicp2uk 839455 839454 2026-05-23T18:51:16Z Quinlan83 13504 Fix 839455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emília Coranty Llurià''' (bayan aure, Emília Corantine de Guasch; Fabrairu 19, 1862 - Fabrairu 18, 1944) ta kasance mai zane-zane kuma malamin zane-zane da ke da alaƙa da [[Barcelona]] da Valls . == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Emília Coranty Llurià a Barcelona . Ta sami horo na fasaha a makarantar zane-zane na Mataimakin lardin Barcelona, a Escola de la Llotja (1885-1887), kuma a Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi (1886-1888). A lokacin tafiyar karatu zuwa [[Rum|Roma]], ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, mai zane [[Francesc Guasch]] (1888-1923). Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1888, kuma Emília ta gabatar da wasu ayyukanta a baje kolin duniya na Barcelona na 1888 A shekara mai zuwa, ta koma [[Faris|Paris]], sannan ta tafi nune-nunen a duk faɗin duniya. A shekara ta 1893, an ba ta lambar azurfa, na gidan mata a baje kolin Columbian na Duniya a Birnin [[Chicago]], inda ta nuna tare da Mary Cassatt da Rosa Bonheur . A shekara ta 1895, ta nuna a {{Interlanguage link|Exposition de Bordeaux (1895)|fr}} . Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Escola de la Llotja <ref name="3:frwp">{{Cite web |title=Emília Coranty Llurià |url=http://www.ub.edu/modernisme/autors/emilia-coranty-lluria |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=www.ub.edu |publisher=Modernisme Accés Obert |language=ca}}</ref> kuma ta yi kamfen duk rayuwarta don mata su sami horo na fasaha mai inganci. == Mutuwa da gado == Emília Coranty Llurià ta mutu ranar da ta cika shekaru 82 a Barcelona, 18 ga Fabrairu, 1944, kuma an binne ta a makabartar Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, tare da mijinta.<ref name="4:frwp">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=CB ofrece una ruta cultural por el Cementerio de Sarrià |url=https://revistafuneraria.com/cb-ofrece-una-ruta-cultural-por-el-cementerio-de-sarria/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Revista Funeraria |language=es}}</ref> Ana gudanar da aikinta a Museo Nacional d'Art de Catalunya <ref name="5:frwp">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=From My Garden |url=https://www.museunacional.cat/en/colleccio/my-garden/emilia-coranty/010851-000 |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Museo del Prado . Gidauniyar Guasch Coranty, wacce aka kirkira a Barcelona a karkashin jagorancin Coranty, ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin zane-zane.<ref name="7:frwp">{{Cite web |title=Qui som? |url=http://guaschcoranty.com/fundacio/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Fundació Guasch Coranty |language=ca}}</ref> == Manazarta == 87gct7l1dhbp2k2d5d3zi1rkgdwv20c 839460 839455 2026-05-23T19:02:05Z Najeebyusuf 45048 839460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''E''' {{Databox}} '''mília Coranty Llurià''' (bayan aure, Emília Corantine de Guasch; Fabrairu 19, 1862 - Fabrairu 18, 1944) ta kasance mai zane-zane kuma malamin zane-zane da ke da alaƙa da [[Barcelona]] da Valls . == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Emília Coranty Llurià a Barcelona . Ta sami horo na fasaha a makarantar zane-zane na Mataimakin lardin Barcelona, a Escola de la Llotja (1885-1887), kuma a Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi (1886-1888). A lokacin tafiyar karatu zuwa [[Rum|Roma]], ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, mai zane [[Francesc Guasch]] (1888-1923). Ma'auratan sun yi aure a shekara ta 1888, kuma Emília ta gabatar da wasu ayyukanta a baje kolin duniya na Barcelona na 1888 A shekara mai zuwa, ta koma [[Faris|Paris]], sannan ta tafi nune-nunen a duk faɗin duniya. A shekara ta 1893, an ba ta lambar azurfa, na gidan mata a baje kolin Columbian na Duniya a Birnin [[Chicago]], inda ta nuna tare da Mary Cassatt da Rosa Bonheur . A shekara ta 1895, ta nuna a {{Interlanguage link|Exposition de Bordeaux (1895)|fr}} . Ta yi aiki a matsayin malama a Escola de la Llotja <ref name="3:frwp">{{Cite web |title=Emília Coranty Llurià |url=http://www.ub.edu/modernisme/autors/emilia-coranty-lluria |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=www.ub.edu |publisher=Modernisme Accés Obert |language=ca}}</ref> kuma ta yi kamfen duk rayuwarta don mata su sami horo na fasaha mai inganci. == Mutuwa da gado == Emília Coranty Llurià ta mutu ranar da ta cika shekaru 82 a Barcelona, 18 ga Fabrairu, 1944, kuma an binne ta a makabartar Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, tare da mijinta.<ref name="4:frwp">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=CB ofrece una ruta cultural por el Cementerio de Sarrià |url=https://revistafuneraria.com/cb-ofrece-una-ruta-cultural-por-el-cementerio-de-sarria/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Revista Funeraria |language=es}}</ref> Ana gudanar da aikinta a Museo Nacional d'Art de Catalunya <ref name="5:frwp">{{Cite web |date=7 August 2015 |title=From My Garden |url=https://www.museunacional.cat/en/colleccio/my-garden/emilia-coranty/010851-000 |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya |language=en}}</ref> da kuma Museo del Prado . Gidauniyar Guasch Coranty, wacce aka kirkira a Barcelona a karkashin jagorancin Coranty, ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin zane-zane.<ref name="7:frwp">{{Cite web |title=Qui som? |url=http://guaschcoranty.com/fundacio/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |website=Fundació Guasch Coranty |language=ca}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8selmu0i78zcj465cac8303wkxwpbxw 0 152077 839461 2026-05-23T19:04:05Z Najeebyusuf 45048 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353339238|Pepa Fernández]]" 839461 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''María José Fernández Vallés''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1965), wacce aka fi sani da '''Pepa Fernández''', 'yar jaridar Mutanen Espanya ce. Ita ce darakta kuma mai gabatar da shirin Rediyo Nacional de España (RNE) No es un día cualquiera [es]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Pepa Fernández a garin Cervera, Lleida a shekarar 1965. Iyalin mahaifinta sun fito ne daga Ourense. A shekara 18 ta fara aiki a rediyo. Ta sami lasisi a fannin Kimiyya ta Bayanai daga Jami'ar Barcelona mai zaman kanta . Tun daga shekara ta 1999, tana jagorantar da kuma gabatar da shirin RNE No es un día cualquiera [es], mujallar karshen mako wacce ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa.<ref name="Ondas2003">{{Cite web |title=Palmarés |url=http://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105245/https://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=18 January 2019 |publisher=[[Premios Ondas]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> Ita farfesa ce a Kwalejin Sadarwa ta Jami'ar Ramon Llull . <ref name="dedicada">{{Cite web |last=de la hoz |first=Beatriz |date=29 October 2008 |title=Pepa Fernández, una vida dedicada a la radio |trans-title=Pepa Fernández, a Life Dedicated to Radio |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20081029/pepa-fernandez-vida-dedicada-radio/185170.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> Fernández ya yi aiki a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa. Ta rubuta don shirin TV3 El Club kuma a halin yanzu tana bayyana a La mañana de la 1 [es] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2009 |title=La mañana de La 1 |url=http://www.rtve.es/television/20090817/fernando-onega/513162.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da yabo == * 2002: Rediyon Canji 16 Award <ref name="dedicada">{{Cite web |last=de la hoz |first=Beatriz |date=29 October 2008 |title=Pepa Fernández, una vida dedicada a la radio |trans-title=Pepa Fernández, a Life Dedicated to Radio |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20081029/pepa-fernandez-vida-dedicada-radio/185170.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFde_la_hoz2008">de la hoz, Beatriz (29 October 2008). [http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20081029/pepa-fernandez-vida-dedicada-radio/185170.shtml "Pepa Fernández, una vida dedicada a la radio"] &#x5B;Pepa Fernández, a Life Dedicated to Radio&#x5D; (in Spanish). [[RTVE]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> * 2003: Ondas Award for Best National Broadcast Radio Program for No es un día cualquier <ref name="Ondas2003">{{Cite web |title=Palmarés |url=http://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105245/https://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=18 January 2019 |publisher=[[Premios Ondas]] |language=Spanish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105245/https://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php "Palmarés"] (in Spanish). [[Premios Ondas]]. Archived from [http://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php the original] on 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> * 2007: Kyautar Pica d'Estats * 2008: Kyautar Ondas don Kwarewar Kwararru <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2008 |title=RTVE consigue dos premios Ondas |trans-title=RTVE Gets Two Ondas Awards |url=http://www.rtve.es/radio/20081029/pepa-fernandez-serie-amar-tiempos-revueltos-premios-ondas-2008/185189.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> * 2009: Kyautar Emilio Castelar don Sadarwa mai inganci * 2009: Micrófono de Oro <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2009 |title=Pepa Fernández y 'Cine de Barrio', premios Micrófono de Oro 2009 |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20090226/pepa-fernandez-cine-barrio-premios-microfono-oro-2009/238226.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> * 2010: Kyautar Jarida ta El Cava <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numerosas personalidades arropan la gala del VI Premio Periodísticos 'El Cava' |trans-title=Numerous Personalities Wrap up the 6th 'El Cava' Journalism Award Gala |url=https://www.docava.es/numerosas-personalidades-arropan-la-gala-del-vi-premio-periodsticos-el-cava/ |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[Cava (Spanish wine)|DO Cava]] |language=Spanish}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024}}</ref> * 2013: Kyautar Gidauniyar Dionisio Duque don sadarwa, kirkire-kirkire, da sabbin fasahohi * 2015: Kyautar José Antonio Labordeta don Sadarwa * 2015: {{Interlanguage link|Miguel Delibes National Journalism Award|es|Premio Nacional de Periodismo Miguel Delibes}} [es] * 2016: Kyautar Jarida ta Concha García Campoy <ref name="Würth" /> * Biyu Micrófonos de Plata daga Kungiyar Kwararrun Rediyo, Jarida, da Labaran Talabijin ta Mutanen Espanya (APEI) <ref name="Directora">{{Cite web |last=Lorente |first=C. |date=14 September 2011 |title=Directora de No es un día cualquiera de RNE |url=http://www.tiempodehoy.com/cultura/pepa-fernandez |access-date=20 January 2019 |website=[[Tiempo (magazine)|Tiempo]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> * Antenna na Zinariya<ref name="Directora" /> == Littattafai == * ''Abin da rayuwa ke koyarwa'', Sphere of Books, 2008, {{ISBN|9788497347167}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 6ik45sexwvcrqepfvpxmpeuo05o2d1r 839463 839461 2026-05-23T19:04:33Z Quinlan83 13504 Fix 839463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María José Fernández Vallés''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1965), wacce aka fi sani da '''Pepa Fernández''', 'yar jaridar Mutanen Espanya ce. Ita ce darakta kuma mai gabatar da shirin Rediyo Nacional de España (RNE) No es un día cualquiera [es]. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Pepa Fernández a garin Cervera, Lleida a shekarar 1965. Iyalin mahaifinta sun fito ne daga Ourense. A shekara 18 ta fara aiki a rediyo. Ta sami lasisi a fannin Kimiyya ta Bayanai daga Jami'ar Barcelona mai zaman kanta . Tun daga shekara ta 1999, tana jagorantar da kuma gabatar da shirin RNE No es un día cualquiera [es], mujallar karshen mako wacce ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa.<ref name="Ondas2003">{{Cite web |title=Palmarés |url=http://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105245/https://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=18 January 2019 |publisher=[[Premios Ondas]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> Ita farfesa ce a Kwalejin Sadarwa ta Jami'ar Ramon Llull . <ref name="dedicada">{{Cite web |last=de la hoz |first=Beatriz |date=29 October 2008 |title=Pepa Fernández, una vida dedicada a la radio |trans-title=Pepa Fernández, a Life Dedicated to Radio |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20081029/pepa-fernandez-vida-dedicada-radio/185170.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> Fernández ya yi aiki a shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa. Ta rubuta don shirin TV3 El Club kuma a halin yanzu tana bayyana a La mañana de la 1 [es] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2009 |title=La mañana de La 1 |url=http://www.rtve.es/television/20090817/fernando-onega/513162.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da yabo == * 2002: Rediyon Canji 16 Award <ref name="dedicada">{{Cite web |last=de la hoz |first=Beatriz |date=29 October 2008 |title=Pepa Fernández, una vida dedicada a la radio |trans-title=Pepa Fernández, a Life Dedicated to Radio |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20081029/pepa-fernandez-vida-dedicada-radio/185170.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFde_la_hoz2008">de la hoz, Beatriz (29 October 2008). [http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20081029/pepa-fernandez-vida-dedicada-radio/185170.shtml "Pepa Fernández, una vida dedicada a la radio"] &#x5B;Pepa Fernández, a Life Dedicated to Radio&#x5D; (in Spanish). [[RTVE]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> * 2003: Ondas Award for Best National Broadcast Radio Program for No es un día cualquier <ref name="Ondas2003">{{Cite web |title=Palmarés |url=http://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105245/https://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php |archive-date=3 February 2023 |access-date=18 January 2019 |publisher=[[Premios Ondas]] |language=Spanish}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230203105245/https://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php "Palmarés"] (in Spanish). [[Premios Ondas]]. Archived from [http://www.premiosondas.com/historia_2009-2000-03.php the original] on 3 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> * 2007: Kyautar Pica d'Estats * 2008: Kyautar Ondas don Kwarewar Kwararru <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2008 |title=RTVE consigue dos premios Ondas |trans-title=RTVE Gets Two Ondas Awards |url=http://www.rtve.es/radio/20081029/pepa-fernandez-serie-amar-tiempos-revueltos-premios-ondas-2008/185189.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> * 2009: Kyautar Emilio Castelar don Sadarwa mai inganci * 2009: Micrófono de Oro <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2009 |title=Pepa Fernández y 'Cine de Barrio', premios Micrófono de Oro 2009 |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20090226/pepa-fernandez-cine-barrio-premios-microfono-oro-2009/238226.shtml |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[RTVE]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> * 2010: Kyautar Jarida ta El Cava <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numerosas personalidades arropan la gala del VI Premio Periodísticos 'El Cava' |trans-title=Numerous Personalities Wrap up the 6th 'El Cava' Journalism Award Gala |url=https://www.docava.es/numerosas-personalidades-arropan-la-gala-del-vi-premio-periodsticos-el-cava/ |access-date=21 January 2019 |publisher=[[Cava (Spanish wine)|DO Cava]] |language=Spanish}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024}}</ref> * 2013: Kyautar Gidauniyar Dionisio Duque don sadarwa, kirkire-kirkire, da sabbin fasahohi * 2015: Kyautar José Antonio Labordeta don Sadarwa * 2015: {{Interlanguage link|Miguel Delibes National Journalism Award|es|Premio Nacional de Periodismo Miguel Delibes}} [es] * 2016: Kyautar Jarida ta Concha García Campoy <ref name="Würth" /> * Biyu Micrófonos de Plata daga Kungiyar Kwararrun Rediyo, Jarida, da Labaran Talabijin ta Mutanen Espanya (APEI) <ref name="Directora">{{Cite web |last=Lorente |first=C. |date=14 September 2011 |title=Directora de No es un día cualquiera de RNE |url=http://www.tiempodehoy.com/cultura/pepa-fernandez |access-date=20 January 2019 |website=[[Tiempo (magazine)|Tiempo]] |language=Spanish}}</ref> * Antenna na Zinariya<ref name="Directora" /> == Littattafai == * ''Abin da rayuwa ke koyarwa'', Sphere of Books, 2008, {{ISBN|9788497347167}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] jzyie0t4pzzuaqwe29m017ors5vm0qk 3 152078 839493 2026-05-23T21:23:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839493 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alqarasey! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alqarasey|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) o76yhic5777v6t57hzhngqq4ecfcyun 3 152079 839494 2026-05-23T21:23:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839494 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Canaryzzz! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Canaryzzz|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) ftkg2id99hc7lfyvzj8uqjvxq0nblhx 3 152080 839495 2026-05-23T21:23:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839495 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Asunke! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Asunke|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) nya70tq2j26471w4o66pe6dlse12bgv 3 152081 839496 2026-05-23T21:23:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839496 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sultan Abdul sultan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sultan Abdul sultan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) bwp0babs9ab3802650x7w1rparuyt6a 3 152082 839498 2026-05-23T21:23:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839498 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Thomas.maeder! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Thomas.maeder|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) ivk6nwbqy8zojtzlk25fnz3yuniehxy 3 152083 839499 2026-05-23T21:24:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839499 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tobías Sotelo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tobías Sotelo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) q7dh07uqx0rztd11hlicqkso9z2adba 3 152084 839500 2026-05-23T21:24:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839500 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdulbasilawal! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdulbasilawal|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) fcw3q0r3kr3wni772nvpbq25ptf6pv0 3 152085 839501 2026-05-23T21:24:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839501 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ronald labajo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ronald labajo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 9cjrjrhifhqrz8invwejxz9h9rim5ex 3 152086 839502 2026-05-23T21:24:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839502 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zulkarnaini Abubakar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zulkarnaini Abubakar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) rfsstmtqbog6xz1of1zmxe855nbb3jp 3 152087 839503 2026-05-23T21:24:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839503 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Gradyindie! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Gradyindie|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) n0ktbuoc2yc1dxczctkptsehmj4t0vh 3 152088 839504 2026-05-23T21:24:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839504 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, רונאלדיניו המלך! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/רונאלדיניו המלך|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 3aycehjblraaxzhfvkqw293hx3p71li 3 152089 839505 2026-05-23T21:25:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839505 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jasper Chu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jasper Chu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 5mi19zfaeqjagrg4na3jxbiqreszait 3 152090 839506 2026-05-23T21:25:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839506 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Barjingue5! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Barjingue5|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 8c60j8hd34345kht386t14adn9mxuam 3 152091 839507 2026-05-23T21:25:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839507 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fadelski! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fadelski|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) k8mdk3xug1lf777y8syf9djm4qa2i7f 3 152092 839508 2026-05-23T21:25:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839508 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sodks! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sodks|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 0b0ltnxsvjdjk0mifq3xd4kv9g2mnyc 3 152093 839509 2026-05-23T21:25:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839509 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jinbo4514! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jinbo4514|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) jk8ljsnwekelychmpon7kchs5q1kcu4 3 152094 839510 2026-05-23T21:25:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839510 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Draconhs! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Draconhs|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) i73q3xtm2tjlxsnc43lnf4gfncc99v2 3 152095 839511 2026-05-23T21:26:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839511 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Eaglemorini! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Eaglemorini|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 4lpzqypofd9weir2h5rs3y5eetd59vx 3 152096 839512 2026-05-23T21:26:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839512 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kweetal nl! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kweetal nl|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) a22c6u59iifs28wk19wysy17s70a93d 3 152097 839513 2026-05-23T21:26:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839513 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, GTheChris! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/GTheChris|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 5ego03go53w2vxo99qy4ny79midzdd7 3 152098 839514 2026-05-23T21:26:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839514 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tinovitš! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tinovitš|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) k9kr5y0wod2lzxu0efq3xin2csguslr 3 152099 839515 2026-05-23T21:26:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839515 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hausa Afirka! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hausa Afirka|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 4u5ua3r3hince6ifqv3l3v2rsaysh5z 3 152100 839516 2026-05-23T21:26:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 839516 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Xluvu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Xluvu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 23 Mayu 2026 (UTC) le0wmb2rz6handfn6keiesvqdkmcp27 2 152101 839552 2026-05-24T02:15:43Z Yusuf Sani Buhari 45142 /* */ 839552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yusuf Sani Buhari''' is a young Nigerian politician and youth mobilizer currently serving as the Secretary to the Kaduna State Youth Leader of the All Progressives Congress (APC). He studied Mathematics/Physics at the Federal College of Education, Zaria, where he obtained a National Certificate in Education (NCE). He later earned a degree in Computer Science from Kaduna State University (KASU). He is known for his involvement in youth leadership, grassroots political engagement, and organizational activities within Kaduna State politics. sreh1nrlb6850ge69tbmhu6pl5j2w7q 0 152102 839574 2026-05-24T06:07:10Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Ijele FC | fullname = Ijele Sports Club | nickname = Pride of the East | founded = | ground = [[Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium]], Enugu | capacity = 22,000 | owner = Ferdinand A. Naza | league = [[Nigeria Nationwide League One]] | season = 2024–25 | position = Nigeria National League, relegated }} '''Ijele FC''', wanda ake kira '''Ijele Sports Club''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Enugu. Ƙungiyar tana taka... 839574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Ijele FC | fullname = Ijele Sports Club | nickname = Pride of the East | founded = | ground = [[Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium]], Enugu | capacity = 22,000 | owner = Ferdinand A. Naza | league = [[Nigeria Nationwide League One]] | season = 2024–25 | position = Nigeria National League, relegated }} '''Ijele FC''', wanda ake kira '''Ijele Sports Club''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Enugu. Ƙungiyar tana taka leda a gasar [[Nigeria Nationwide League One]] bayan ta buga kakarta ta farko a [[Nigeria National League]] (NNL) a kakar 2024–25. An fi sanin ƙungiyar da lakabin ''"Pride of the East"''. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Ijele FC Founder, Commends Stakeholders After Debut NNL Campaign |url=https://paradigmnews.ng/ijele-fc-founder-commends-stakeholders-after-debut-nnl-campaign/ |work=Paradigm News |date=2025-06-30 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta samu karɓuwa a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya bayan da ta samu gurbin shiga gasar NNL domin kakar 2024–25, wanda hakan ya kasance karo na farko da take taka leda a matakin ƙwararru na biyu mafi girma a Najeriya. Ijele FC ta kasance cikin rukunin Southern Conference Group B na gasar. <ref>{{Cite news |title=NNL: Ijele FC adopt Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium as home ground |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/11/02/nnl-ijele-fc-adopt-nnamdi-azikiwe-stadium-as-home-ground/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Shugaban kuma mamallakin ƙungiyar, '''Ferdinand A. Naza''', ya bayyana cewa manufar kafa Ijele Sports Club ita ce haɓaka matasan 'yan wasa daga yankin gabashin Najeriya tare da gina ƙungiya mai ɗorewa wadda za ta iya fafatawa a manyan gasoshin ƙasar. A ƙarshen kakar 2024–25, ya yaba wa masu horaswa, 'yan wasa da magoya baya saboda rawar da suka taka a kakar farko ta ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Founder Ijele football club, Naza commends stakeholders |url=https://thenicheng.com/founder-ijele-football-club-naza-commends-stakeholders/ |work=TheNiche |date=2025-06-29 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Ijele FC tana amfani da [[Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium]] da ke Enugu a matsayin filin wasanta na gida. Filin wasan dai shi ne kuma gidan ƙungiyar [[Rangers International F.C.]] mai taka leda a [[Nigeria Premier Football League]]. <ref>{{Cite news |title=NNL: Ijele FC adopt Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium as home ground |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/11/02/nnl-ijele-fc-adopt-nnamdi-azikiwe-stadium-as-home-ground/ |work=Daily Post Nigeria |date=2024-11-02 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Duk da cewa ƙungiyar ta fuskanci ƙalubale a kakarta ta farko a NNL, ta samu wasu manyan nasarori da suka haɗa da doke tsohuwar zakarar gasar '''Beyond Limits FC''' da ci 2–0. Wannan nasara ta nuna irin ƙwarewar matasan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar da kuma ci gaban tsarin horaswa da ƙungiyar ke ginawa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Ijele Sports Club Vow Comeback As Relegation Ends NNL Debut |url=https://www.completesports.com/ijele-sports-club-vow-comeback-as-nlo-relegation-ends-emotional-nnl-debut/ |work=Complete Sports |date=2025-06-29 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar 2024–25, Ijele FC ta koma gasar Nationwide League One bayan ta kasa tsallake rijiya da baya a NNL. Duk da haka, shugabannin ƙungiyar sun bayyana cewa suna shirin sake gina ƙungiyar domin dawowa da ƙarfi a nan gaba. <ref>{{Cite news |title=“A Year of Growth”- Ijele FC CEO Picks Positives Despite a Challenging Season |url=https://www.sports247.ng/a-year-of-growth-ijele-fc-ceo-picks-positives-despite-a-challenging-season-in-a-heartfelt-message-to-fans-stakeholders/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2025-06-29 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria National League]] * [[Nigeria Nationwide League One]] * [[Rangers International F.C.]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sport in Enugu State]] [[Category:Association football clubs in Nigeria]] ```0 2ddqdzfpas3iuy7bf7wnulcux9fa0gq 0 152104 839579 2026-05-24T06:18:09Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization |name = Nigeria Nationwide League One |other_names = NLO |country = {{flag|Nigeria}} |confed = CAF |founded = 2001 |divisions = Multiple regional divisions |teams = 300+ |promotion = Nigeria National League |relegation = Nationwide League Division Two |level = 3 |domest_cup = Nigerian FA Cup |current = 2025–26 Nigeria Nationwide League One }} '''Nigeria Nationwide League One'... 839579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization |name = Nigeria Nationwide League One |other_names = NLO |country = {{flag|Nigeria}} |confed = CAF |founded = 2001 |divisions = Multiple regional divisions |teams = 300+ |promotion = Nigeria National League |relegation = Nationwide League Division Two |level = 3 |domest_cup = Nigerian FA Cup |current = 2025–26 Nigeria Nationwide League One }} '''Nigeria Nationwide League One''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''NLO''') ita ce mataki na uku a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya bayan [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] da [[Nigeria National League]]. Gasar tana ƙarƙashin kulawar [[Nigeria Football Federation]] (NFF) kuma ana kallonta a matsayin babbar hanyar da ƙananan kungiyoyi ke amfani da ita wajen kaiwa matakin ƙwararrun lig-lig na ƙasar. An kafa gasar ne domin bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa daga matakin tushe tare da bai wa matasa damar nuna ƙwarewarsu a fannoni daban-daban na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/league/nlo-division-one |title=NLO Division One |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Tun farko, ana kiran gasar da suna '''Nigerian Amateur League''', amma daga shekarar 2012 aka sauya mata suna zuwa '''Nationwide League One''' a wani ɓangare na sake fasalin tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Wannan sauyi ya taimaka wajen ƙara tsari da kuma bai wa ƙarin kungiyoyi damar samun gurbin hawa zuwa [[Nigeria National League]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.teamstats.net/league/nationwide-league-one/about |title=About Nationwide League One |website=TeamStats |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> NLO tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na matakin ƙasa a Afirka saboda yawan kungiyoyin da ke shiga cikinta. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, gasar ta ƙunshi daruruwan kungiyoyi da ake rarrabawa zuwa yankuna daban-daban domin rage wahalar zirga-zirga da kuɗaɗen gudanarwa. Hukumar NLO ta bayyana kanta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin “manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na matakin tushe a duniya”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/league/nlo-division-one |title=NLO Division One |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Tsarin gasar yana bai wa kungiyoyin da suka fi ƙwarewa damar samun daukaka zuwa [[Nigeria National League]] bayan kammala wasannin rukuni da kuma matakan neman gurbin hawa. Haka kuma kungiyoyin da suka kasa yin kyau kan iya komawa matakin ƙasa wato '''Nationwide League Division Two'''. Wannan tsarin hawa da sauka yana taimakawa wajen ƙarfafa gogayya tsakanin kungiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sports247.ng/nigeria-national-league-relegates-12-clubs-to-nationwide-league-one/ |title=Nigeria National League Relegates 12 Clubs to Nationwide League One |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2024-07-18 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2024 da 2025, an samu sauye-sauye masu yawa a tsarin gasannin Najeriya, inda kungiyoyi da dama daga [[Nigeria National League]] suka koma NLO sakamakon rashin kyakkyawan sakamako. Wannan ya ƙara ƙarfin gasar tare da shigo da tsofaffin kungiyoyin da suka taba taka leda a manyan matakai.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.naifooty.com.ng/2024/07/nnl-confirms-relegation-and-promotion.html |title=NNL Confirms Relegation and Promotion of Clubs Ahead of 2024/2025 Season |publisher=Naifooty |date=2024-07-18 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A shekarar 2026 kuma, hukumar [[Nigeria National League]] ta sake tabbatar da komawar wasu kungiyoyi goma zuwa NLO domin sake fasalin tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar. Wannan mataki ya nuna muhimmancin NLO wajen samar da sabbin kungiyoyi da kuma ci gaba da raya ƙwallon ƙafa daga matakin tushe zuwa na ƙwararru.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://sportingtribune.com/nnl-confirms-promotion-of-four-clubs-to-npfl/ |title=NNL confirms promotion of four clubs to NPFL |publisher=Sporting Tribune |date=2026-05-11 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin fitattun kungiyoyin da suka taka rawa a NLO sun haɗa da kungiyoyin matasa, kungiyoyin gwamnati, da kuma kungiyoyin masu zaman kansu daga jihohi daban-daban na Najeriya. Gasar ta taimaka wajen gano fitattun ’yan wasa da dama waɗanda daga baya suka taka leda a [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] da ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Nationwide_League |title=Nigeria Nationwide League |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Kungiyoyin da ke cikin NLO ana rarraba su zuwa yankuna daban-daban bisa ga kusancin jihohi. Ana gudanar da wasannin rukuni kafin a kai matakin ''playoffs'' domin tantance kungiyoyin da za su samu daukaka zuwa [[Nigeria National League]]. Wannan tsari yana rage matsalolin sufuri da kuma kuɗin tafiya ga ƙananan kungiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/league/nlo-division-one |title=NLO Division One Format |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Muhimmanci == NLO tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya, musamman a matakin matasa. Kungiyoyi da dama suna amfani da gasar wajen gano sabbin hazikan ’yan wasa da kuma horas da masu koyarwa da alkalai. Haka kuma gasar na taimakawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin al’umma ta hanyar samar da ayyukan yi da wasannin nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/nnl-confirms-promotion-of-four-clubs-to-npfl/ |title=NNL confirms promotion of four clubs to NPFL |publisher=The Nation Newspaper |date=2026-05-11 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[Nigeria National League]] * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] == Manazarta == q3uaoaoidh3llgr6kc7sf8n7ibx5z2f 0 152105 839582 2026-05-24T06:24:05Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox person | suna = Chibuzor Okonkwo | cikakken_suna = Chibuzor Augustine Okonkwo | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1988|12|16}} | wurin_haihuwa = [[Jos]], Najeriya | tsawo = 1.77 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kulob_na_yanzu = El-Kanemi Warriors | lamba = | shekaru1 = 2004–2007 | kungiya1 = Gabros International | shekaru2 = 2007–2010 | kungiya2 = Bayelsa United | shekaru3 = 2010–2012 | kungiya3 = Heartland FC | shekaru4 = 2012 | kungiya4 = Enyimba | shekaru5... 839582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | suna = Chibuzor Okonkwo | cikakken_suna = Chibuzor Augustine Okonkwo | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1988|12|16}} | wurin_haihuwa = [[Jos]], Najeriya | tsawo = 1.77 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron baya | kulob_na_yanzu = El-Kanemi Warriors | lamba = | shekaru1 = 2004–2007 | kungiya1 = Gabros International | shekaru2 = 2007–2010 | kungiya2 = Bayelsa United | shekaru3 = 2010–2012 | kungiya3 = Heartland FC | shekaru4 = 2012 | kungiya4 = Enyimba | shekaru5 = 2013 | kungiya5 = Enugu Rangers | shekaru6 = 2013–2014 | kungiya6 = Asswehly | shekaru7 = 2015–2017 | kungiya7 = FC Ifeanyi Ubah | shekaru8 = 2017 | kungiya8 = El-Kanemi Warriors | tawagar_kasa1 = Najeriya U-23 | shekaru_kasa1 = 2008 | wasanni_kasa1 = 5 | kwallaye_kasa1 = 1 | tawagar_kasa2 = Najeriya | shekaru_kasa2 = 2010–2013 | wasanni_kasa2 = 9 | kwallaye_kasa2 = 0 }} '''Chibuzor Augustine Okonkwo''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Najeriya]] wanda aka haifa a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1988 a birnin [[Jos]]. Yana taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya, musamman a gefen dama, kuma ya yi suna a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen kai hari da kuma kare baya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/111406 |title=Olympedia – Chibuzor Okonkwo |publisher=Olympedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-chibuzor-okonkwo-footballer/ |title=Biography Of Chibuzor Okonkwo |publisher=Media Nigeria |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Okonkwo ya fara fitowa fili ne lokacin da yake taka leda a kungiyar '''Gabros International''' kafin ya koma '''Bayelsa United''' a shekarar 2007. A lokacin da yake Bayelsa United ya taimaka wa kungiyar ta lashe gasar lig ta Najeriya karo na farko a tarihin ta, abin da ya sa aka ba shi lambar gwarzon ɗan wasa na kakar 2008–09 a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibuzor_Okonkwo |title=Chibuzor Okonkwo |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/10843734/ |title=Chibuzor Okonkwo |publisher=En-academic |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Bayan nasararsa a Bayelsa United, ya samu damar komawa kungiyar '''Heartland FC'''. Daga baya ya yi yunƙurin komawa wasu kungiyoyi a Turai ciki har da FC Rostov ta Rasha, Aston Villa da Reading FC ta Ingila, amma yarjejeniyoyin ba su kammala ba saboda matsalolin albashi da kuma rashin cimma matsaya kan kwantiragi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://africanfootball.com/news/159290/Chibuzor-Okonkwo-joins-Rangers |title=Chibuzor Okonkwo joins Rangers |publisher=African Football |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.medianigeria.com/biography-of-chibuzor-okonkwo-footballer/ |title=Biography Of Chibuzor Okonkwo |publisher=Media Nigeria |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, Okonkwo ya koma '''Enugu Rangers''' bayan wata yarjejeniya da '''Enyimba''' ta rushe. Daga baya kuma ya taka leda a ƙasar Libya tare da kungiyar '''Asswehly'''. Ya sake dawowa Najeriya inda ya taka wa '''FC Ifeanyi Ubah''' leda sannan daga baya ya koma '''El-Kanemi Warriors'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://africanfootball.com/news/159290/Chibuzor-Okonkwo-joins-Rangers |title=Chibuzor Okonkwo joins Rangers |publisher=African Football |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/05/war-in-the-orient/ |title=War in the Orient |publisher=Vanguard News |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, Okonkwo ya kasance cikin tawagar Najeriya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 23 da ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta Beijing ta shekarar 2008. Daga baya ya fara buga wa babbar tawagar Najeriya wato '''Super Eagles''' wasa a shekarar 2010, inda ya fara fitowa a wasan sada zumunci da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/111406 |title=Olympedia – Chibuzor Okonkwo |publisher=Olympedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibuzor_Okonkwo |title=Chibuzor Okonkwo |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> An san Okonkwo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron baya da suka yi fice a gasar NPFL, musamman saboda saurin gudunsa, iya kare baya da kuma taimakawa kai hare-hare daga gefe. Bayan ritayarsa daga manyan wasanni, ya ci gaba da bayyana ra'ayoyi kan ci gaban gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya da walwalar 'yan wasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://independent.ng/npfl-clubs-should-fly-to-venues-okonkwo/ |title=NPFL Clubs Should Fly To Venues –Okonkwo |publisher=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Olympedia|111406}} * [https://www.fotmob.com/players/144988/chibuzor-okonkwo Chibuzor Okonkwo a FotMob] ```0 o33872azlart8178gx942k0nz5xnnoe 0 152106 839583 2026-05-24T06:27:23Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Igbekeme James Columbus Crew Meet the Team 2022.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox person | suna = James Igbekeme | hoto = James Igbekeme.jpg | cikakken_suna = James Omonigho Igbekeme | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1995|7|4}} | wurin_haihuwa = Lagos, Najeriya | tsawo = 1.70 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya | kulob_na_yanzu = {{Ill}}Wisła Kraków{{!}}en | lamba = 12 | matasa1 = Ribeirão | shekaru1 = 2013–2015 | kungiyoyi1 = Ribeirão | wasa1 = 43 | kwallaye1 = 2 | shekaru2... 839583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Igbekeme James Columbus Crew Meet the Team 2022.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox person | suna = James Igbekeme | hoto = James Igbekeme.jpg | cikakken_suna = James Omonigho Igbekeme | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1995|7|4}} | wurin_haihuwa = Lagos, Najeriya | tsawo = 1.70 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya | kulob_na_yanzu = {{Ill}}Wisła Kraków{{!}}en | lamba = 12 | matasa1 = Ribeirão | shekaru1 = 2013–2015 | kungiyoyi1 = Ribeirão | wasa1 = 43 | kwallaye1 = 2 | shekaru2 = 2015–2017 | kungiyoyi2 = Oliveirense | wasa2 = 55 | kwallaye2 = 10 | shekaru3 = 2017–2018 | kungiyoyi3 = Gil Vicente | wasa3 = 32 | kwallaye3 = 5 | shekaru4 = 2018–2023 | kungiyoyi4 = Real Zaragoza | wasa4 = 96 | kwallaye4 = 4 | shekaru5 = 2022 | kungiyoyi5 = → Columbus Crew (aro) | wasa5 = 23 | kwallaye5 = 0 | shekaru6 = 2023 | kungiyoyi6 = → Wisła Kraków (aro) | wasa6 = 14 | kwallaye6 = 1 | shekaru7 = 2023–2024 | kungiyoyi7 = Ponferradina | wasa7 = 31 | kwallaye7 = 1 | shekaru8 = 2024– | kungiyoyi8 = Wisła Kraków | wasa8 = 28 | kwallaye8 = 0 }} '''James Omonigho Igbekeme''' (an haife shi ranar 4 ga Yulin 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Najeriya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya yi fice wajen taka leda a Portugal, Spain da kuma Poland, inda ya buga wa kungiyoyi irin su Real Zaragoza da Wisła Kraków wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Igbekeme |title=James Igbekeme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi James Igbekeme a birnin Lagos na Najeriya. Ya fara taka ƙwallo a Najeriya kafin daga bisani ya koma kasar Portugal yana da shekaru kusan 18 domin neman cigaba a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=29129 |title=Etebo's Former Teammate, Igbekeme Making Inroads At Real Zaragoza, On The Radar Of NFF |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=2018-09-02 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwallon ƙafa == === Portugal === Igbekeme ya fara taka leda a Turai tare da kungiyar Ribeirão a Portugal a shekarar 2013. Bayan ya nuna bajinta, ya koma Oliveirense a shekarar 2015 inda ya kara samun gogewa a gasar LigaPro ta Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Igbekeme |title=James Igbekeme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2017 ya koma kungiyar Gil Vicente. Ya fara wasansa na farko a kungiyar cikin nasara bayan ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke FC Porto B da ci 2–1. A watan Oktoban shekarar nan ya kuma ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Benfica B da ci 4–0.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Igbekeme |title=James Igbekeme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> === Real Zaragoza === A shekarar 2018 kungiyar Real Zaragoza ta kasar Spain ta dauke shi kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kungiyar ta biya kusan euro 150,000 domin sayensa daga Gil Vicente. Ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar saboda kuzari, iya jan ƙwallo da kuma taimakawa wajen kai hari.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/06/12/segunda/1528807504_827904.html |title=Lalo anuncia los fichajes de Igbekeme, Medina y Aguirre |publisher=AS |date=2018-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2019/04/16/segunda/1555443763_816767.html |title=El Alavés se interesa en el zaragocista James Igbekeme |publisher=AS |date=2019-04-16 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A shekarar 2020 ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Zaragoza. Duk da haka, ya fuskanci matsalolin raunuka da rashin samun cikakken lokaci a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/10/04/segunda/1538672319_150105.html |title=James recibe el alta médica y se entrena con el grupo |publisher=AS |date=2018-10-04 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> === Columbus Crew === A watan Janairun 2022, Igbekeme ya koma kungiyar Columbus Crew ta Amurka a matsayin aro daga Real Zaragoza. Wannan mataki ya ba shi damar taka leda a gasar Major League Soccer (MLS).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2022/01/21/segunda/1642764230_692142.html |title=James no se entrena y será el próximo en salir |publisher=AS |date=2022-01-21 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> === Ponferradina da Wisła Kraków === Bayan karewar zaman aronsa, Igbekeme ya koma Spain kafin daga bisani ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar Ponferradina a shekarar 2023. Daga baya ya sake komawa kungiyar Wisła Kraków ta kasar Poland inda ya ci gaba da taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2023/08/official-nigerian-midfielder-igbekeme-joins-sd-ponferradina-from-real-zaragoza.html |title=Official: Nigerian midfielder Igbekeme joins SD Ponferradina from Real Zaragoza |publisher=Soccernet.ng |date=2023-08-24 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san James Igbekeme da kuzari da iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban na tsakiya. Yana iya taka rawa wajen kare gida tare da taimakawa kai hari. Har ila yau yana da saurin motsi da iya rike ƙwallo a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2019/04/16/segunda/1555443763_816767.html |title=El Alavés se interesa en el zaragocista James Igbekeme |publisher=AS |date=2019-04-16 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Soccerway|james-igbekeme/312305/}} * {{Transfermarkt|james-igbekeme/profil/spieler/395745}} ```0 o85u9sfwxve7x4ohko334u68mswe6dj 839584 839583 2026-05-24T06:27:47Z Saad Nuhu 43323 839584 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Igbekeme James Columbus Crew Meet the Team 2022.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox person | suna = James Igbekeme | hoto = James Igbekeme.jpg | cikakken_suna = James Omonigho Igbekeme | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1995|7|4}} | wurin_haihuwa = Lagos, Najeriya | tsawo = 1.70 m | matsayi = Dan wasan tsakiya | kulob_na_yanzu = {{Ill}}Wisła Kraków{{!}}en | lamba = 12 | matasa1 = Ribeirão | shekaru1 = 2013–2015 | kungiyoyi1 = Ribeirão | wasa1 = 43 | kwallaye1 = 2 | shekaru2 = 2015–2017 | kungiyoyi2 = Oliveirense | wasa2 = 55 | kwallaye2 = 10 | shekaru3 = 2017–2018 | kungiyoyi3 = Gil Vicente | wasa3 = 32 | kwallaye3 = 5 | shekaru4 = 2018–2023 | kungiyoyi4 = Real Zaragoza | wasa4 = 96 | kwallaye4 = 4 | shekaru5 = 2022 | kungiyoyi5 = → Columbus Crew (aro) | wasa5 = 23 | kwallaye5 = 0 | shekaru6 = 2023 | kungiyoyi6 = → Wisła Kraków (aro) | wasa6 = 14 | kwallaye6 = 1 | shekaru7 = 2023–2024 | kungiyoyi7 = Ponferradina | wasa7 = 31 | kwallaye7 = 1 | shekaru8 = 2024– | kungiyoyi8 = Wisła Kraków | wasa8 = 28 | kwallaye8 = 0 }} '''James Omonigho Igbekeme''' (an haife shi ranar 4 ga Yulin 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Najeriya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. Ya yi fice wajen taka leda a Portugal, Spain da kuma Poland, inda ya buga wa kungiyoyi irin su Real Zaragoza da Wisła Kraków wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Igbekeme |title=James Igbekeme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi James Igbekeme a birnin Lagos na Najeriya. Ya fara taka ƙwallo a Najeriya kafin daga bisani ya koma kasar Portugal yana da shekaru kusan 18 domin neman cigaba a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=29129 |title=Etebo's Former Teammate, Igbekeme Making Inroads At Real Zaragoza, On The Radar Of NFF |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=2018-09-02 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Sana'ar ƙwallon ƙafa == === Portugal === Igbekeme ya fara taka leda a Turai tare da kungiyar Ribeirão a Portugal a shekarar 2013. Bayan ya nuna bajinta, ya koma Oliveirense a shekarar 2015 inda ya kara samun gogewa a gasar LigaPro ta Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Igbekeme |title=James Igbekeme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2017 ya koma kungiyar Gil Vicente. Ya fara wasansa na farko a kungiyar cikin nasara bayan ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke FC Porto B da ci 2–1. A watan Oktoban shekarar nan ya kuma ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Benfica B da ci 4–0.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Igbekeme |title=James Igbekeme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> === Real Zaragoza === A shekarar 2018 kungiyar Real Zaragoza ta kasar Spain ta dauke shi kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kungiyar ta biya kusan euro 150,000 domin sayensa daga Gil Vicente. Ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar saboda kuzari, iya jan ƙwallo da kuma taimakawa wajen kai hari.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/06/12/segunda/1528807504_827904.html |title=Lalo anuncia los fichajes de Igbekeme, Medina y Aguirre |publisher=AS |date=2018-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2019/04/16/segunda/1555443763_816767.html |title=El Alavés se interesa en el zaragocista James Igbekeme |publisher=AS |date=2019-04-16 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A shekarar 2020 ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Zaragoza. Duk da haka, ya fuskanci matsalolin raunuka da rashin samun cikakken lokaci a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2018/10/04/segunda/1538672319_150105.html |title=James recibe el alta médica y se entrena con el grupo |publisher=AS |date=2018-10-04 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> === Columbus Crew === A watan Janairun 2022, Igbekeme ya koma kungiyar Columbus Crew ta Amurka a matsayin aro daga Real Zaragoza. Wannan mataki ya ba shi damar taka leda a gasar Major League Soccer (MLS).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2022/01/21/segunda/1642764230_692142.html |title=James no se entrena y será el próximo en salir |publisher=AS |date=2022-01-21 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> === Ponferradina da Wisła Kraków === Bayan karewar zaman aronsa, Igbekeme ya koma Spain kafin daga bisani ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar Ponferradina a shekarar 2023. Daga baya ya sake komawa kungiyar Wisła Kraków ta kasar Poland inda ya ci gaba da taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://soccernet.ng/2023/08/official-nigerian-midfielder-igbekeme-joins-sd-ponferradina-from-real-zaragoza.html |title=Official: Nigerian midfielder Igbekeme joins SD Ponferradina from Real Zaragoza |publisher=Soccernet.ng |date=2023-08-24 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san James Igbekeme da kuzari da iya taka leda a wurare daban-daban na tsakiya. Yana iya taka rawa wajen kare gida tare da taimakawa kai hari. Har ila yau yana da saurin motsi da iya rike ƙwallo a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2019/04/16/segunda/1555443763_816767.html |title=El Alavés se interesa en el zaragocista James Igbekeme |publisher=AS |date=2019-04-16 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Soccerway|james-igbekeme/312305/}} * {{Transfermarkt|james-igbekeme/profil/spieler/395745}} mpcu0ch6zuqi030lb8uvzaf141ezjr0 0 152107 839585 2026-05-24T06:30:20Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Tai Sodje''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne mai asalinsa daga Najeriya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba. An haife shi a Sheffield na ƙasar Ingila, kuma yana da damar buga wa Najeriya ko Ingila wasa saboda asalinsa na iyali. Ya fara tasowa ne daga makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], inda ya yi fice wajen cin ƙwallaye a matakin matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=39251 |title=Ex-Super Eagle... 839585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tai Sodje''' ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne mai asalinsa daga Najeriya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba. An haife shi a Sheffield na ƙasar Ingila, kuma yana da damar buga wa Najeriya ko Ingila wasa saboda asalinsa na iyali. Ya fara tasowa ne daga makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], inda ya yi fice wajen cin ƙwallaye a matakin matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=39251 |title=Ex-Super Eagles star confirms Man City coach Guardiola is keeping tabs on 17-goal striker Sodje |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=14 March 2021 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Tai Sodje da cikakken sunansa '''Taione Richard Evumena Sodje''' a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 2003 a Sheffield, Ingila. Mahaifinsa Bright Sodje tsohon ɗan wasan rugby ne mai asalin Najeriya, yayin da danginsa suka yi fice a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa, ciki har da tsoffin ‘yan wasan Najeriya [[Efe Sodje]] da [[Sam Sodje]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=55961 |title=Official: Nephew of two former Super Eagles defenders leaves Man City on a free transfer |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=9 June 2025 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == Tai Sodje ya fara taka leda a makarantar matasa ta Sheffield United kafin daga bisani ya koma Manchester City a shekarar 2015. Ya yi fice sosai a ƙungiyar ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta Manchester City a kakar 2020–21, inda ya zama babban mai cin ƙwallaye na ƙungiyar bayan ya zura ƙwallaye 19 a wasanni 22.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=40475 |title=Done deals : Manchester City confirm two Nigerian young stars have signed new contracts |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=16 July 2021 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, Manchester City ta ba shi kwangilar ƙwararru ta farko saboda bajintarsa a matakin matasa. A wannan lokaci, tsohon ɗan wasan Najeriya Sam Sodje ya bayyana cewa mai horar da Manchester City, [[Pep Guardiola]], yana sa ido sosai kan ci gaban Tai Sodje domin yiwuwar haɗa shi da babbar ƙungiyar nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=39251 |title=Ex-Super Eagles star confirms Man City coach Guardiola is keeping tabs on 17-goal striker Sodje |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=14 March 2021 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Sai dai ci gaba da raunin da ya riƙa samu ya rage masa damar buga wasanni akai-akai a Manchester City. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta a gasar Premier League 2, inda ya zura ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci ga ƙungiyar matasa ta Manchester City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=48595 |title=PL2: Nephew of former Super Eagles centre-backs scores in back-to-back games for Man City |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=26 August 2023 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2025, Manchester City ta sanar da sakin Tai Sodje bayan ƙarshen kwangilarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙungiyar Buxton FC domin ci gaba da taka leda a matakin manya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=55961 |title=Official: Nephew of two former Super Eagles defenders leaves Man City on a free transfer |publisher=All Nigeria Soccer |date=9 June 2025 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Tawagar ƙasa == Tai Sodje yana da damar wakiltar Ingila ko Najeriya a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa ya taɓa ƙin amsa gayyatar tawagar matasan Ingila saboda sha’awarsa ta buga wa Najeriya wasa kamar yadda wasu daga cikin ‘yan uwansa suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://owngoalnigeria.com/2021/04/22/i-feel-more-nigerian-than-english-man-city-wonderkid-sodje-explains-why-he-turned-down-invitation-by-england/ |title=I Feel More Nigerian Than English- Man City Wonderkid Sodje Explains Why He Turned Down Invitation By England |publisher=OwnGoal Nigeria |date=22 April 2021 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Tai Sodje a matsayin ɗan gaba mai ƙwarewa wajen cin ƙwallaye. Yana iya taka leda a tsakiyar gaba ko kuma a gefen hari. Masu bibiyar ƙwallo sun yaba masa saboda ƙarfinsa, saurin motsi da kuma iya kammala hare-hare cikin natsuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/tai-sodje/profil/spieler/812683 |title=Tai Sodje - Player profile |publisher=Transfermarkt |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://www.mancity.com}} * {{Soccerbase}} * {{Transfermarkt}} qaxdr85i6uvoyzy769fu56y2ka42hvt 0 152108 839617 2026-05-24T09:25:09Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347068462|Amina (2021 film)]]" 839617 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda akayi a 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da fafatawa tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma. Bayan ganin faɗan, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana son zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo ne da turjiya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Wannan makircin ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan da suka faru da suka kai ga hawan Amina kan karagar mulkin Zazzau. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh == Karɓar baƙi == An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="13" |2022 | rowspan="13" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |Clarion Chukwura|{{Nom}} | rowspan="13" | |- |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |Magaji Mijinyawa|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Daraktan Fasaha |Tunji Afolayan|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai tsara kayan ado |Millicent T. Jack|{{Won}} |- |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau |Stanley Ibegbu Okechukwu|{{Nom}} |- |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Jim Lively da James Nelson|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Sauti |Dabs Agwom|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen |Dagogo Diminas da Gabriel Okorie Gabazzini|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Marubuci |Frank Chinedu Uba|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai shirya fina-finai |Peter Kreil, Wale Adebayo, Samuel Jonathan da Moruf Fadaro|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka |Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim |Izu Ojukwu da Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Won}} |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Izu Ojukwu|{{Nom}} |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} e25entqep0y39k68ky5wyx9rz2ej7p7 839618 839617 2026-05-24T09:25:33Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 839618 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda akayi a 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Amina_(Queen_of_Zazzau)" id="mwDA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da fafatawa tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma. Bayan ganin faɗan, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana son zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo ne da turjiya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Wannan makircin ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan da suka faru da suka kai ga hawan Amina kan karagar mulkin Zazzau. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh == Karɓar baƙi == An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="13" |2022 | rowspan="13" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |Clarion Chukwura|{{Nom}} | rowspan="13" | |- |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |Magaji Mijinyawa|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Daraktan Fasaha |Tunji Afolayan|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai tsara kayan ado |Millicent T. Jack|{{Won}} |- |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau |Stanley Ibegbu Okechukwu|{{Nom}} |- |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Jim Lively da James Nelson|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Sauti |Dabs Agwom|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen |Dagogo Diminas da Gabriel Okorie Gabazzini|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Marubuci |Frank Chinedu Uba|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai shirya fina-finai |Peter Kreil, Wale Adebayo, Samuel Jonathan da Moruf Fadaro|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka |Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim |Izu Ojukwu da Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Won}} |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Izu Ojukwu|{{Nom}} |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} e6ctudoxedsapte7m1dmhhkam3k88c6 839619 839618 2026-05-24T09:26:42Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 Gyara 839619 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''''Amina''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda akayi a 2021 wanda [[Izu Ojukwu]] ya jagoranta. Ya dogara ne akan labarin rayuwar jarumi na mulkin [[Zazzau]] na karni na 16 [./&#x3C;i&#x20;Amina (Queen of Zazzau)">Sarauniya Amina] . Amina ta fara fitowa a [[Netflix]] a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Fim din ya sami mafi yawan gabatarwa a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards, 2022. == Makirci == Fim ɗin ya fara ne da fafatawa tsakanin zakaran Zazzau Kabarkai da Danjuma. Bayan ganin faɗan, wata matashiya Amina ta ci gaba da gaya wa mahaifinta, Sarkin Zazzau (Abu Chris Gbakann) cewa tana son zama jarumi. Wannan ya zo ne da turjiya daga Magaji Mjinyawa wanda ya ba da shawara cewa sojojin Zazzau ba su taɓa ɗaukar mace ba. Wannan makircin ya samo asali ne daga abubuwan da suka faru da suka kai ga hawan Amina kan karagar mulkin Zazzau. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Lucy Ameh]] a matsayin Amina * [[Ali Nuhu]] a matsayin Danjuma * [[Clarion Chukwura|Clarion Chukwurah]] a matsayin Zumbura * Paul Adubazi a matsayin Sarkin Busa * Okonkwo David Chibuzor a matsayin Ogaga * Jennifer Ezekiel Ade a matsayin Igala Princess * Usman Tijani Abubakar a matsayin Ibrahim * Victoria Nweke Ekene a matsayin Mero * Dan Chris Ebie a matsayin Galadima * Sani Danja a matsayin Soja * Lawandi Bashir Datti a matsayin Matashi Danjuma * Debua Goodness a matsayin Firist na Igala * Abu Chris Gbakann a matsayin Sarki * Magaji Mijinyawa a matsayin Madaki * Habiba Ummi Mohammed a matsayin Zaria * Asabe Madaki a matsayin Aladi Ameh == Karɓar baƙi == An soki fim din saboda kasancewa a cikin Hausa da kuma jagorancin dan wasan da ba Hausa ba ne. An kuma soki shi saboda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne na tarihi. Ojukwu ya amsa cewa rashin isasshen tarihin da bayanai don abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Najeriya ya sa ya zama da wahala a samar da fim din. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="13" |2022 | rowspan="13" |[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi Kyawun Mataimakin Mataimakin |Clarion Chukwura|{{Nom}} | rowspan="13" | |- |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |Magaji Mijinyawa|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Daraktan Fasaha |Tunji Afolayan|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai tsara kayan ado |Millicent T. Jack|{{Won}} |- |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau |Stanley Ibegbu Okechukwu|{{Nom}} |- |Editan Sauti mafi kyau |Jim Lively da James Nelson|{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Sauti |Dabs Agwom|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Shirye-shiryen |Dagogo Diminas da Gabriel Okorie Gabazzini|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi Kyawun Marubuci |Frank Chinedu Uba|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Mai shirya fina-finai |Peter Kreil, Wale Adebayo, Samuel Jonathan da Moruf Fadaro|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun fim na Yammacin Afirka |Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim |Izu Ojukwu da Okey Ogunjiofor|{{Won}} |- |Darakta Mafi Kyawu |Izu Ojukwu|{{Nom}} |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} o2fqmhmv9213jerc1ge5ekw44x4hl8q 0 152109 839632 2026-05-24T11:09:17Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Wolonso United F.C. | fullname = Wolonso United Football Club | country = Najeriya | league = Najeriya }} '''Wolonso United F.C.''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya. An ambaci ƙungiyar a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da wasu shafukan wasanni da suka tattara bayanai kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football... 839632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Wolonso United F.C. | fullname = Wolonso United Football Club | country = Najeriya | league = Najeriya }} '''Wolonso United F.C.''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya. An ambaci ƙungiyar a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da wasu shafukan wasanni da suka tattara bayanai kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://goalballlive.com/football-clubs-in-nigeria/ |title=Football Clubs In Nigeria: See The Detailed List |website=GoalBall Live |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A halin yanzu, akwai ƙarancin sahihan bayanai daga manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai game da tarihin ƙungiyar, filin wasanta, shekarar kafuwa, ko kuma gasannin da take bugawa. Saboda haka, bayanan ƙungiyar a fili suna da iyaka a kafafen bayanai na yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://goalballlive.com/football-clubs-in-nigeria/ |title=Football Clubs In Nigeria: See The Detailed List |website=GoalBall Live |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] 9dwvl6s8brhmyv98q90metxc4jydw9g 0 152110 839633 2026-05-24T11:12:02Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Zabgai FC | fullname = Zabgai International Football Club | founded = 1976 | ground = Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium | capacity = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nationwide League One | season = 2025/2026 | position = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = | body1 = | rightarm1 = | shorts1 = | socks1 = }} '''Zabgai International Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Zabgai FC''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon... 839633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Zabgai FC | fullname = Zabgai International Football Club | founded = 1976 | ground = Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium | capacity = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nationwide League One | season = 2025/2026 | position = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = | body1 = | rightarm1 = | shorts1 = | socks1 = }} '''Zabgai International Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Zabgai FC''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Bauchi. Kungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''' da ke Bauchi, kuma tana fafatawa a gasar '''Nationwide League One (NLO)''', wacce ita ce mataki na uku a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana daga cikin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da suka daɗe suna taka rawa wajen haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa a jihar Bauchi. Kungiyar ta kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke fafatawa a cibiyar Bauchi ta gasar NLO, inda take buga wasanni da kungiyoyi irin su Bauchi Wunti FC da Darazo Football Academy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Fixtures and Club Information |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Zabgai FC tana amfani da filin wasa na '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''' domin karɓar bakuncin wasanninta na gida. Filin wasan yana daga cikin manyan wuraren wasanni a jihar Bauchi, kuma wasu fitattun kungiyoyi irin su Wikki Tourists suna amfani da shi wajen gudanar da wasanninsu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikki_Tourists_F.C. |title=Wikki Tourists F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A kakar wasan 2025/2026, kungiyar ta shiga gasar Nationwide League One ta cibiyar Bauchi. Bayanai daga hukumar NLO sun nuna cewa kungiyar ta gudanar da wasanni da dama a kakar, tare da amfani da matasa ‘yan wasa daga yankin Bauchi da kewaye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Team Statistics |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin ‘yan wasan da suka bayyana a jerin kungiyar sun haɗa da Hamza Tukur, Sadiq Ismail Gibson, Aliyu Musa, Adamu Jibrin, da Yusuf Abdulsalam Jibril. Wadannan ‘yan wasa suna taka rawa wajen ci gaban kungiyar a gasar NLO.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Players – Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Filin wasa == Kungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a: * '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''', Bauchi, Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Stadium Information |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == === Fitattun ‘yan wasa === * Hamza Tukur * Sadiq Ismail Gibson * Aliyu Musa * Adamu Jibrin * Yusuf Abdulsalam Jibril * Abraham Afeh<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Squad |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Wikki Tourists FC]] * [[Nationwide League One]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da aka kafa a 1976]] {{Infobox football club | clubname = Zabgai FC | fullname = Zabgai International Football Club | founded = 1976 | ground = Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium | capacity = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nationwide League One | season = 2025/2026 | position = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = | body1 = | rightarm1 = | shorts1 = | socks1 = }} '''Zabgai International Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Zabgai FC''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Bauchi. Kungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''' da ke Bauchi, kuma tana fafatawa a gasar '''Nationwide League One (NLO)''', wacce ita ce mataki na uku a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana daga cikin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da suka daɗe suna taka rawa wajen haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa a jihar Bauchi. Kungiyar ta kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke fafatawa a cibiyar Bauchi ta gasar NLO, inda take buga wasanni da kungiyoyi irin su Bauchi Wunti FC da Darazo Football Academy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Fixtures and Club Information |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Zabgai FC tana amfani da filin wasa na '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''' domin karɓar bakuncin wasanninta na gida. Filin wasan yana daga cikin manyan wuraren wasanni a jihar Bauchi, kuma wasu fitattun kungiyoyi irin su Wikki Tourists suna amfani da shi wajen gudanar da wasanninsu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikki_Tourists_F.C. |title=Wikki Tourists F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A kakar wasan 2025/2026, kungiyar ta shiga gasar Nationwide League One ta cibiyar Bauchi. Bayanai daga hukumar NLO sun nuna cewa kungiyar ta gudanar da wasanni da dama a kakar, tare da amfani da matasa ‘yan wasa daga yankin Bauchi da kewaye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Team Statistics |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin ‘yan wasan da suka bayyana a jerin kungiyar sun haɗa da Hamza Tukur, Sadiq Ismail Gibson, Aliyu Musa, Adamu Jibrin, da Yusuf Abdulsalam Jibril. Wadannan ‘yan wasa suna taka rawa wajen ci gaban kungiyar a gasar NLO.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Players – Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Filin wasa == Kungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a: * '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''', Bauchi, Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Stadium Information |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == === Fitattun ‘yan wasa === * Hamza Tukur * Sadiq Ismail Gibson * Aliyu Musa * Adamu Jibrin * Yusuf Abdulsalam Jibril * Abraham Afeh<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Squad |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Wikki Tourists FC]] * [[Nationwide League One]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da aka kafa a 1976]] 88u64s8mp95m1fl8lassdnfudj0n47k 839634 839633 2026-05-24T11:13:13Z Saad Nuhu 43323 839634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Zabgai FC | fullname = Zabgai International Football Club | founded = 1976 | ground = Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium | capacity = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nationwide League One | season = 2025/2026 | position = | pattern_la1 = | pattern_b1 = | pattern_ra1 = | leftarm1 = | body1 = | rightarm1 = | shorts1 = | socks1 = }} '''Zabgai International Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Zabgai FC''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Bauchi. Kungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''' da ke Bauchi, kuma tana fafatawa a gasar '''Nationwide League One (NLO)''', wacce ita ce mataki na uku a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> An kafa kungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana daga cikin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da suka daɗe suna taka rawa wajen haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa a jihar Bauchi. Kungiyar ta kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke fafatawa a cibiyar Bauchi ta gasar NLO, inda take buga wasanni da kungiyoyi irin su Bauchi Wunti FC da Darazo Football Academy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Fixtures and Club Information |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Zabgai FC tana amfani da filin wasa na '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''' domin karɓar bakuncin wasanninta na gida. Filin wasan yana daga cikin manyan wuraren wasanni a jihar Bauchi, kuma wasu fitattun kungiyoyi irin su Wikki Tourists suna amfani da shi wajen gudanar da wasanninsu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikki_Tourists_F.C. |title=Wikki Tourists F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A kakar wasan 2025/2026, kungiyar ta shiga gasar Nationwide League One ta cibiyar Bauchi. Bayanai daga hukumar NLO sun nuna cewa kungiyar ta gudanar da wasanni da dama a kakar, tare da amfani da matasa ‘yan wasa daga yankin Bauchi da kewaye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Team Statistics |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin ‘yan wasan da suka bayyana a jerin kungiyar sun haɗa da Hamza Tukur, Sadiq Ismail Gibson, Aliyu Musa, Adamu Jibrin, da Yusuf Abdulsalam Jibril. Wadannan ‘yan wasa suna taka rawa wajen ci gaban kungiyar a gasar NLO.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Players – Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Filin wasa == Kungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a: * '''Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stadium''', Bauchi, Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Stadium Information |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == ‘Yan wasa == === Fitattun ‘yan wasa === * Hamza Tukur * Sadiq Ismail Gibson * Aliyu Musa * Adamu Jibrin * Yusuf Abdulsalam Jibril * Abraham Afeh<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nlo.ng/en/clubs/zabgai-intertional-fc-bauchi |title=Zabgai Intertional FC Bauchi Squad |website=Nationwide League One |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Wikki Tourists FC]] * [[Nationwide League One]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da aka kafa a 1976]] t32rut5l0ldzqumj3c9mly4bslbsr3d 0 152111 839635 2026-05-24T11:14:46Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Yankari Babes FC | fullname = Yankari Babes Football Club | founded = | ground = Bauchi, Najeriya | league = Nigeria Amateur League Division Two }} '''Yankari Babes FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Bauchi. An ambaci ƙungiyar a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da kuma gasar Najeriya ta Amateur League Division Two, inda ta kasance cikin rukunin ƙungiyoyin Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar.... 839635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Yankari Babes FC | fullname = Yankari Babes Football Club | founded = | ground = Bauchi, Najeriya | league = Nigeria Amateur League Division Two }} '''Yankari Babes FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Bauchi. An ambaci ƙungiyar a cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da kuma gasar Najeriya ta Amateur League Division Two, inda ta kasance cikin rukunin ƙungiyoyin Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Nigeria Amateur League Division Two |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig2015.html |website=RSSSF |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, an bayyana Yankari Babes FC a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka halarci gasar share fage ta preseason da shugaban kungiyar Wikki Tourists ya shirya a jihar Bauchi domin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa. Gasar ta haɗa da ƙungiyoyi daga Bauchi da Gombe domin gano sababbin ‘yan wasa da kuma ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyi kafin fara kakar wasa. <ref>{{cite news |title=Wikki Tourists begin seven-day pre-season tourney |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/wikki-tourists-begin-seven-day-pre-season-tourney/ |work=The Nation Newspaper |date=13 February 2016 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Rahotanni sun kuma nuna cewa wasu ‘yan wasan da suka fito daga Yankari Babes FC sun samu damar komawa manyan ƙungiyoyi a Najeriya. A shekarar 2014, ɗan wasa Abdul-Majeed Sulaiman daga Yankari Babes na Bauchi ya shiga cikin sababbin ‘yan wasan da kungiyar Wikki Tourists ta ɗauka domin kakar gasar Premier League ta Najeriya. <ref>{{cite news |title=Wikki Tourists Football Club sign on to 15 new players |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/wikki-tourists-football-club-sign-on-to-15-new-players/ |work=News Ghana |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Duk da cewa bayanai game da tarihin ƙungiyar ba su da yawa a kafafen yaɗa labarai, Yankari Babes FC tana daga cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da suka taka rawa wajen bunƙasa wasanni da baiwa matasa dama a jihar Bauchi da yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. <ref>{{cite web |title=Football Clubs In Nigeria: See The Detailed List |url=https://goalballlive.com/football-clubs-in-nigeria/ |website=Goalball Nigeria |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a7e4ra3978v9j3ktz468kylnr5evjd3 0 152112 839636 2026-05-24T11:16:55Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Super 11 F.C. | fullname = Super 11 Football Club | country = {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Najeriya | league = — | founded = — | ground = — | manager = — }} '''Super 11 F.C.''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga ƙasar Najeriya. An ambaci ƙungiyar cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da aka wallafa a wasu bayanan yanar gizo masu alaƙa da harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List... 839636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Super 11 F.C. | fullname = Super 11 Football Club | country = {{flagicon|Nigeria}} Najeriya | league = — | founded = — | ground = — | manager = — }} '''Super 11 F.C.''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga ƙasar Najeriya. An ambaci ƙungiyar cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da aka wallafa a wasu bayanan yanar gizo masu alaƙa da harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A halin yanzu, babu cikakken bayani da aka wallafa a manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai masu inganci game da tarihin ƙungiyar, shekarar kafuwarta, filin wasanta, ko gasar da take bugawa. Saboda haka, bayanan da ake da su game da ƙungiyar suna da ƙaranci a bainar jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] h0akxdseamthrwshaxa0niqsfqdgbg8 0 152113 839637 2026-05-24T11:20:15Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Obio Akpor Football Club | fullname = Obio Akpor Football Club | nickname = — | founded = — | ground = Akpor Grammar School | capacity = — | league = Amateur / Grassroots football | season = — | position = — | chairman = — | manager = — | website = — }} '''Obio Akpor Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a yankin Obio-Akpor a jihar River... 839637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Obio Akpor Football Club | fullname = Obio Akpor Football Club | nickname = — | founded = — | ground = Akpor Grammar School | capacity = — | league = Amateur / Grassroots football | season = — | position = — | chairman = — | manager = — | website = — }} '''Obio Akpor Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a yankin Obio-Akpor a jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Kungiyar tana daga cikin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na matakin ƙasa da na matasa da ke taka rawa wajen haɓaka ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Port Harcourt da kewaye.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goafricaonline.com/ng/982972-obio-akpor-football-club |title=Obio Akpor Football Club |website=Go Africa Online |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne daga makarantar '''Akpor Grammar School''' da ke Ozuoba a jihar Rivers. Ana amfani da filin makarantar wajen horaswa da wasannin sada zumunta da ci gaban matasa masu sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goafricaonline.com/ng/982972-obio-akpor-football-club |title=Obio Akpor Football Club |website=Go Africa Online |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Obio-Akpor na daga cikin manyan yankunan da suka yi fice wajen harkokin wasanni a jihar Rivers, musamman saboda kasancewarsa cikin babban birnin Port Harcourt. Yankin ya samar da yanayi mai kyau ga ci gaban kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa da na al’umma.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obio-Akpor |title=Obio-Akpor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarun baya, yankin Obio-Akpor ya kasance cibiyar gudanar da wasannin sada zumunta da na nishaɗi. Hakan ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tsakanin matasa da tsofaffin ‘yan wasa a yankin Rivers State.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewswriterng.com/2013/03/28/obioakpor-allstars-fc-%E2%80%98home-of-love%E2%80%99/ |title=Obio/Akpor Allstars FC ‘Home Of Love’ |work=The Newswriter |date=28 March 2013 |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Yankin Akpor da Obio-Akpor gaba ɗaya na daga cikin cibiyoyin ci gaban al’ummar Ikwerre a jihar Rivers. Hakan ya ba da gudummawa wajen samar da kungiyoyin wasanni da dama domin haɗin kai da bunƙasa matasa ta hanyar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akpor |title=Akpor Kingdom |website=Wikipedia |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Port Harcourt]] * [[Rivers State]] * [[Football in Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sport in Rivers State]] [[Category:Port Harcourt]] lzzd55wtuvo0nuqsm5v9pn31joyibbl 0 152114 839638 2026-05-24T11:21:54Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox kungiyar kwallon kafa | suna = Owazi F.C. | cikakken_suna = Owazi Football Club | kasa = Najeriya | wasa = Ƙwallon ƙafa | kungiya = Najeriya }} '''Owazi F.C.''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda aka ambata cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da ke kasar Najeriya. Duk da haka, akwai ƙarancin bayanai masu zaman kansu da aka wallafa game da tarihin kungiyar, filin wasanta, shekarar kafuwa ko kuma gasar da take bugawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://goalbal... 839638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox kungiyar kwallon kafa | suna = Owazi F.C. | cikakken_suna = Owazi Football Club | kasa = Najeriya | wasa = Ƙwallon ƙafa | kungiya = Najeriya }} '''Owazi F.C.''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda aka ambata cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da ke kasar Najeriya. Duk da haka, akwai ƙarancin bayanai masu zaman kansu da aka wallafa game da tarihin kungiyar, filin wasanta, shekarar kafuwa ko kuma gasar da take bugawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://goalballlive.com/football-clubs-in-nigeria/ |title=Football Clubs In Nigeria: See The Detailed List |website=GoalBall Live |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> An bayyana sunan '''Owazi F.C.''' cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya a wasu shafukan da suka tattara bayanan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na kasar. Sai dai babu cikakkun bayanai daga manyan kafafen yada labarai game da nasarorin kungiyar ko tarihinta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> Har yanzu babu isassun bayanai daga sahihan kafafen yada labarai irin su ''Premium Times'', ''Punch'', ''Complete Sports'' ko ''The Guardian Nigeria'' da suka yi cikakken bayani kan kungiyar. Wannan ya sa bayanan kungiyar a halin yanzu suke takaitattu kuma suna bukatar karin bincike da tabbatattun manazarta kafin a fadada mukalar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://goalballlive.com/football-clubs-in-nigeria/ |title=Football Clubs In Nigeria: See The Detailed List |website=GoalBall Live |access-date=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin wasanni a Najeriya]] gkz9ymekwte1cateqmfsjxzp01oi74q 0 152115 839639 2026-05-24T11:25:05Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Oasis Football Club | image = | fullname = Oasis Football Club | nickname = Oasis FC | founded = 2015 | ground = National Stadium Complex Main Bowl | capacity = | owner = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nigeria Nationwide League | season = | position = | website = {{URL|https://oasisfootballclub.org}} }} '''Oasis Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda take da hedikwata a birnin [[Lagos]], Najeriya. An kafa... 839639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Oasis Football Club | image = | fullname = Oasis Football Club | nickname = Oasis FC | founded = 2015 | ground = National Stadium Complex Main Bowl | capacity = | owner = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nigeria Nationwide League | season = | position = | website = {{URL|https://oasisfootballclub.org}} }} '''Oasis Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda take da hedikwata a birnin [[Lagos]], Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2015 a matsayin makarantar horas da matasan ’yan wasa domin bunƙasa ƙwarewar matasa tare da shirya su zuwa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru. Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ne daga filin wasa na National Stadium Complex da ke Surulere a jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oasisfootballclub.org/about/ |title=History – Oasis FC |publisher=Oasis Football Club |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Oasis Football Club na ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi mayar da hankali kan ci gaban matasa a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. A cewar bayanan ƙungiyar, manufarta ita ce samar da yanayi mai kyau da zai taimaka wa matasa samun horo mai inganci da kuma zama ’yan ƙasa nagari ta hanyar wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oasisfootballclub.org/about/ |title=History – Oasis FC |publisher=Oasis Football Club |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Ƙungiyar tana da alaƙa da Hukumar Kwallon Ƙafa ta Jihar Legas da kuma [[Nigeria Football Federation]]. Har ila yau, Oasis FC ta bayyana burinta na kaiwa gasar ajin ƙwararru ta Najeriya wato Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Oasis-Football-Club/67034 |title=Oasis Football Club Surulere Lagos Nigeria |publisher=Finelib |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, ƙungiyar ta nada Sylvester Ayere a matsayin sabon babban mai horaswa. Rahotanni daga kafafen yaɗa labarai sun bayyana cewa an ɗora masa alhakin taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen samun ci gaba tare da ƙoƙarin kai ta zuwa manyan matakan gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.sports247.ng/oasis-football-club-appoints-sylvester-ayere-as-head-coach/ |title=Oasis Football Club Appoints Sylvester Ayere as Head Coach |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2021-08-10 |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> Oasis Football Club ta samu karɓuwa a kafafen sada zumunta da dandamalin ƙwararru inda take bayyana ayyukanta da ci gaban ’yan wasanta. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar na amfani da shirye-shiryen horaswa da gasa wajen tallata matasan ’yan wasa zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ng.linkedin.com/in/oasis-football-club-25177114b |title=Oasis Football Club |publisher=LinkedIn |access-date=2026-05-24}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Football clubs in Lagos]] [[Category:Sports clubs established in 2015]] [[Category:2015 establishments in Nigeria]] mj28qo3tuqpbc5km0p6qryxu5ixloph