Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 11042 840389 442049 2026-05-27T05:29:51Z AKA024 30597 gyara shafi 840389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu''' wata [[ƙaramar hukuma]] ce da ke a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar tana Ojoto, inda ake da sakatariyar ƙaramar hukumar da Hon. Sylva G. Abasilim, shugaban ƙaramar hukuma na farko da aka zaɓa ta hanyar zaɓe, ya gina. Farfesa Audu Ogbe ne ya ƙaddamar da ginin a lokacin da yake shugaban jam’iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|People’s Democratic Party]] na ƙasa, yayin gwamnatin Gwamna [[Chinwoke Mbadinuju]].[4] An kiyasta yawan mutanen yankin da kusan mutane 159,631.[5] Garuruwan da suka haɗa ƙaramar hukumar sun haɗa da Akwu-Ukwu, Alor, [[Awka-Etiti]], Ojoto, Nnokwa, Oba da Nnobi.[6] Haka kuma, yankin na daga cikin Babban Yankin Birnin [[Onitsha]]. Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu tana ƙarƙashin mazabar sanatoci ta Anambra ta Arewa a Jihar Anambra.[7] Bisa ƙidayar jama’a ta shekarar 2006, jimillar mutanen yankin ta kai 206,816.[8] == Ƙasa da Yanayi == Kogin Idemili yana ratsawa ta cikin yankin Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu mai faɗin kimanin murabba’in kilomita 700. Yankin na da matsakaicin zafin jiki da ya kai digiri 25 a ma’aunin Celsius (ko digiri 77 a Fahrenheit). Yankin yana da yanayi biyu kacal, wato damina da kuma rani. Haka kuma, yankin na da matsakaicin danshin iska da ya kai kashi 69 cikin 100, tare da matsakaicin gudun iska na kilomita 11 cikin sa’a, wanda ya yi daidai da mil 6.8 cikin sa’a.[9] == Tattalin Arziki == Noma na daga cikin manyan hanyoyin tattalin arziki a Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu, inda ake noma kayan lambu, [[rogo]], [[doya]] da [[shinkafa]] a yankin. Har ila yau, ƙaramar hukumar tana da kasuwanni da dama, ciki har da Kasuwar Afor ta Nnobi da kuma Kasuwar Ezeihulu. Yankin kuma na ɗauke da otal-otal, bankuna, da cibiyoyi mallakin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] 13mu9h7t4tte6y5cx4qm538z4lzr9jl 840390 840389 2026-05-27T05:33:45Z AKA024 30597 sanya manazarta 840390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu''' wata [[ƙaramar hukuma]] ce da ke a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar tana Ojoto, inda ake da sakatariyar ƙaramar hukumar da Hon. Sylva G. Abasilim, shugaban ƙaramar hukuma na farko da aka zaɓa ta hanyar zaɓe, ya gina. Farfesa Audu Ogbe ne ya ƙaddamar da ginin a lokacin da yake shugaban jam’iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|People’s Democratic Party]] na ƙasa, yayin gwamnatin Gwamna [[Chinwoke Mbadinuju]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra State Enrolment Centres |url=https://nimc.gov.ng/anambra-state-enrolment-centres/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=National Identity Management Commission |language=en-US}}</ref>. An kiyasta yawan mutanen yankin da kusan mutane 159,631<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili South Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/117/idemili-south |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref>. Garuruwan da suka haɗa ƙaramar hukumar sun haɗa da Akwu-Ukwu, Alor, [[Awka-Etiti]], Ojoto, Nnokwa, Oba da Nnobi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ovat |first=Michael |date=2023-06-18 |title=Idemili South Council boss advocates clean, green environment in Anambra |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/idemili-south-council-boss-advocates-clean-green-environment-in-anambra/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> Haka kuma, yankin na daga cikin Babban Yankin Birnin [[Onitsha]]. Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu tana ƙarƙashin mazabar sanatoci ta Anambra ta Arewa a Jihar Anambra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra Senatorial Districts |url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Centre for Community and Rural Development |language=en-US}}</ref> Bisa ƙidayar jama’a ta shekarar 2006, jimillar mutanen yankin ta kai 206,816.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria: Administrative Division (States and Local Government Areas) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nigeria/admin/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> == Ƙasa da Yanayi == Kogin Idemili yana ratsawa ta cikin yankin Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu mai faɗin kimanin murabba’in kilomita 700. Yankin na da matsakaicin zafin jiki da ya kai digiri 25 a ma’aunin Celsius (ko digiri 77 a Fahrenheit). Yankin yana da yanayi biyu kacal, wato damina da kuma rani. Haka kuma, yankin na da matsakaicin danshin iska da ya kai kashi 69 cikin 100, tare da matsakaicin gudun iska na kilomita 11 cikin sa’a, wanda ya yi daidai da mil 6.8 cikin sa’a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili South Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/117/idemili-south |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Tattalin Arziki == Noma na daga cikin manyan hanyoyin tattalin arziki a Ƙaramar Hukumar Idemili ta Kudu, inda ake noma kayan lambu, [[rogo]], [[doya]] da [[shinkafa]] a yankin. Har ila yau, ƙaramar hukumar tana da kasuwanni da dama, ciki har da Kasuwar Afor ta Nnobi da kuma Kasuwar Ezeihulu. Yankin kuma na ɗauke da otal-otal, bankuna, da cibiyoyi mallakin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Idemili South Postal Code {{!}} Post Code {{!}} Zip Code List |url=https://nigeriapostal.com/location/NG-Anambra/Idemili%20South#:~:text=Economy%20of%20Idemili%20South,and%20the%20Afor%20Nnobi%20market. |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=nigeriapostal.com}}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] hkd03qoouf6kzry6bn43wpwko1271zh 0 14519 840455 835573 2026-05-27T11:44:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jon Fortt''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, 1976) ɗan jaridar Amurika ne<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jon Fortt {{!}} Sam Whitmore's Media Survey|url=https://www.mediasurvey.com/cms/taxonomy/term/766|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.mediasurvey.com|archive-date=2020-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722084953/https://www.mediasurvey.com/cms/taxonomy/term/766|url-status=dead}}</ref> sannan yana watsa labaran [[CNBC]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jon Fortt {{!}} C-SPAN.org|url=https://www.c-span.org/person/?johfortt|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.c-span.org}}</ref> na [[Squawk Alley]] wanda ke fitowa daga Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jon Fortt {{!}} Aspen Ideas|url=https://www.aspenideas.org/speakers/jon-fortt?fbrefresh=1595370498|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Aspen Ideas Festival|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-11|title=Jon Fortt|url=https://www.cnbc.com/jon-fortt/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Shine ya ƙirƙiri kuma mai masaukin baki na Fortt Knox,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-16|title=Fortt Knox|url=https://www.cnbc.com/fortt-knox/|access-date=2020-07-27|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> masanin fasaha, jagoranci da kuma sabon abu wanda ya wanzu azaman fayel<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fortt Knox|url=https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=125061|access-date=2020-07-27|website=www.stitcher.com|language=en}}</ref> da shirin (streaming program)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fortt Knox - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8Tffzr12XPmdEevbOg3I9g|access-date=2020-07-27|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> tun daga 2016 kuma yanzu yana da matakin farko akan Linkedin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A New Home and Format for Fortt Knox, on LinkedIn Live|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/new-home-format-fortt-knox-linkedin-live-jon-fortt|access-date=2020-07-27|website=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}</ref> A shirin<ref>{{Cite web|title=CNBC TV Commercial, 'Fortt Knox Podcast'|url=http://www.ispot.tv/ad/wc_D/cnbc-tt-knox-podcast|access-date=2020-07-27|website=iSpot.tv|language=en}}</ref> ya yi hira da ‘yan kasuwa, shuwagabanni da mashahuran mutane da suka haɗa da [[Michael Dell]], [[Adena Friedman]], [[Reid Hoffman]], [[Daymond John]], [[Satya Nadella]], [[Katrina Lake]], [[Michael Phelps]], [[Q-Tip (musician)]] da [[Gene Simmons]].<ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == [[File:L-22-10-25-C-322 (52454601573).jpg|thumb|Jon Fortt]] An haifi Fortt a [[Long Island, New York]]. Daga baya danginsa suka koma Washington, DC Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta [[Montgomery Blair High School]], inda a shekarar sa ta farko ya sami kyautar Karatuttukan ilimin aikin jarida na Knight-Ridder Minority.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Good Fit|url=https://www.depauw.edu/news-media/latest-news/details/31698/|access-date=2020-07-27|website=DePauw University|language=en|archive-date=2020-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727051321/https://www.depauw.edu/news-media/latest-news/details/31698/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya halarci [[DePauw University|Jami'ar DePauw]] kuma ya kammala karatun Digiri na farko a fannin Fasaha a Turanci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CNBC's Jon Fortt '98 to Receive DePauw's Young Alumni Award|url=https://www.depauw.edu/news-media/latest-news/details/30925/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=DePauw University|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-11|title=Jon Fortt|url=https://www.cnbc.com/jon-fortt/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Fortt ya fara aikinsa na kwaleji a Lexington [[Herald-Leader]] a [[Lexington, Kentucky]], inda aka ba shi fasahar ta doke a 1999 bayan da wani mai ba da rahoto ya daina aiki. Daga baya wannan shekarar ya koma California don shiga [[San Jose Mercury News]], jaridar garin [[Silicon Valley]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TECH REALITY CHECK WITH JON FORTT|url=http://www.athleisuremag.com/the-latest/2018/3/13/tech-reality-check-with-jon-fortt|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Athleisure Mag |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=BlackFacts.com|title=Jon Fortt, Journalist|url=https://www.blackfacts.com/fact/jon-fortt-journalist|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Blackfacts.com|language=en-US}}</ref> A 2006 ya je mujallar [[Business 2.0]] a matsayin babban edita mai kula da sashen shirin "What Works".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-08|title=Fortt to join CNBC from Fortune|url=https://talkingbiznews.com/they-talk-biz-news/fortt-joins-cnbc-from-fortune/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Talking Biz News|language=en-US}}</ref> A 2007, ya shiga [[Fortune Magazine|Mujallar Fortune]] a matsayin babban marubuci wanda ya shafi manyan kamfanoni da suka haɗa da Apple, Hewlett-Packard da Microsoft.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Jon Fortt|url=https://fortune.com/2009/08/06/about-jon-fortt/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=Fortune|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief information officers get sexy - Feb. 12, 2009|url=https://money.cnn.com/2009/02/11/technology/cios.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2009021204|access-date=2020-07-21|website=money.cnn.com|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126034232/https://money.cnn.com/2009/02/11/technology/cios.fortune/index.htm?postversion=2009021204|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:L-22-10-25-C-135 (52454095261).jpg|thumb|Jon Fortt]] Fortt ya fara aiki wa [[CNBC]] a cikin shekara ta 2010 a matsayin mai ba da labari na tushen silicon Valley.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Speaker details|url=http://www.citeconference.com/ereg/popups/speakerdetails.php?eventid=29527&language=eng&speakerid=40348&|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.citeconference.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Cohen{{!}}July 8|first=David|last2=2010|title=CNBC Adds Jon Fortt as Tech Correspondent|url=https://www.adweek.com/digital/cnbc-adds-jon-fortt-as-tech-correspondent/|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}</ref> CNBC ta kawo shi hedkwatar yankin ta New York a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=@Work Livestream Series|url=https://www.cnbcevents.com/work-livestream/|access-date=2020-07-22|website=CNBC Events|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1976]] 4wqa59rrjdiddksrjbezixk9ttv5hsb 0 15267 840423 525971 2026-05-27T08:31:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Jimmie johnson (49562468442).jpg|thumb|Jimmie Johnson]] [[Fayil:Jimmie Johnson Sonoma 2024.jpg|thumb|Jimmie Johnson]] '''Jimmie Kenneth Johnson''' (an haife shi a [[El Cajon, California]], 17 ga Satumba, shekara ta 1975) ƙwararren Ba'amurke ne, dan tseren mota. Johnson ya taka leda a NASCAR Cup Series daga kakar 2002 zuwa 2020 tare da kungiyar [[Hendrick Motorsports|Hendrick Motorsportts]]. A cikin wannan jerin ya ci taken guda bakwai: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 da 2016 kuma ya yi daidai da bayanan [[Richard Petty]] da [[Dale Earnhardt]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Fryer|first=Jenna|title=Jimmie Johnson seizes record-tying 7th NASCAR championship|url=http://racing.ap.org/article/jimmie-johnson-seizes-record-tying-7th-nascar-championship|accessdate=November 20, 2016|work=Associated Press|agency=[[Associated Press]]|publisher=AP Sports|date=November 20, 2016|location=[[Homestead, Florida]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124091427/http://racing.ap.org/article/jimmie-johnson-seizes-record-tying-7th-nascar-championship|archive-date=November 24, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jimmie johnson (33920878700).jpg|thumb|Hoton Jimmy Johnson]] Daga 2021 Johnson motsa zuwa IndyCar shiga [[Chip Ganassi Racing]] tawagar.<ref>[https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/jimmie-johnson-will-race-in-indy-car-in-2021-and-2022-152843041.html Seven-time NASCAR Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson will race in IndyCar in 2021 and 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922204316/https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/jimmie-johnson-will-race-in-indy-car-in-2021-and-2022-152843041.html |date=2020-09-22 }}. Yahoo Sports.</ref> ==Manazarta== <references /> ==Hanyoyin haɗin waje== {{commons}} *[http://www.jimmiejohnson.com Tashar yanar gizo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220072156/https://www.jimmiejohnson.com/ |date=2019-12-20 }} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1975]] 6wywc3mhpac22lncj26sh9l36ksvag7 0 16827 840434 823516 2026-05-27T09:28:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Joe_Biden_speaks_at_CinC%27s_Ball_1-20-09_hires_090120-F-9059M-1153a.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Joe Biden yana jawabi a CinC's Ball]] [[File:Joe_Biden_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2005_Portrait.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Joe Biden a taron tattalin Arziki na Duniya a cikin 2005]] [[Fayil:Biden Obama.jpg|thumb|Joe Biden tare da obama]] [[Fayil:Joe Biden portrait 2021.jpg|thumb|Joe Biden ]] [[Fayil:Joe Biden Signature.svg|thumb|Joe Biden signature ]] '''Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.''' ( /b aɪ d ən / BY -dən . Haife Nuwamba 20, shekara1942) ne American siyasa wanda shi ne 46th da kuma na yanzu shugaban na Amurka . Memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa na arba in dabakwai 47 daga shekara ta 2009 zuwa shekara ta 2017 a karkashin [[Barack Obama]] kuma ya wakilci [[Delaware]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga shekara ta 1973 zuwa shekara ta 2009.<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/10/joe-biden-foreign-policy-latin-america/616841/</ref> Ya kuma yi da'awar Karya ko kari da yawa game da farkon rayuwarsa: cewa ya sami digiri uku a kwaleji, cewa ya halarci makarantar koyon Aikin lauya akan cikakken malanta, cewa ya kammala karatu a saman rabin ajinsa, kuma cewa ya yi tattaki a cikin [[Kungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam|kungiyoyin kare Hakkin jama'a]] . Iyakan adadin sauran labarai game da takarar shugaban kasa ya habaka wadannan bayanan kuma a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1987, Biden ya janye a matsayin dan takara mai takara, yana mai cewa "inuwa mai kima" ta kurakuransa na baya.<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/10/joe-biden-foreign-policy-latin-america/616841/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/pence-has-already-done-something-biden-never-did-break-a-senate-tie/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-05 |archive-date=2021-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103082937/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/pence-has-already-done-something-biden-never-did-break-a-senate-tie/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/in-the-loop/wp/2015/03/23/job-opening-raise-money-to-draft-joe-biden-to-run-in-2016/ </ref> == Manazarta == {{Shugabannin Amurka}} drnjy3x7l0gr93z43dr6snzo2ipyrcv 2 17266 840297 834635 2026-05-26T17:02:55Z Umar-askira 12577 /* */ 840297 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Animated-Flag-Nigeria.gif|90px|200px Nigerian]] '''ZAMAN LAIFIYA da HADIN KAI __NOTOC__ <!--BEGINNING OF HEADER SECTION --> {|style="width:100%; margin-top:+.7em; background-color:#fcfcfc; border: 1px solid #ccc" | {| width="100%" style="border:solid 0px;background:none;text-align:center" |- | style="width="100%";text-align:center; white-space: nowrap" | <div style="font-size: 162%; border: none; margin: 0; align:center; padding:.1em;"> Barka da shigowa shafin <br>'''Umar-askira'''</div> <div style="top: +0.2em; font-size: 95%">"'''Kawai a baka yafi kaza a akurki!!!'''"</div> |} [[File:2025 Award01.jpg|thumb|'''Mai bada gudunmawa a Wikipedia kuma mai koyarwa/faɗakar da al'umma don cigaban harshen Hausa.]] Suna na Umar Ibrahim Askira. Ni kwararene game da sarrafa Na'ura (Computer Engineer) da gyaran ta. Na fara bada gudunmawa a Wikipedia ne domin na kara samun ƙarin ilimin fannoni daban-daban. Na kasance shugaban bayar da horo na ilimin na ita makarantar wato '''(Head of Training)''' sannan kuma na zamo shugaba a bangaren kirkiran software development ('''programming Department'''). Na fara sanin Wikipedia daga Abokin karatu na kuma ɗan uwa an wato [[User:M-Mustapha|Muhammad Mustapha Aliyu]] wanda hakan yayi sanadiyar ƙulla wata dangantaka mai karfi da yarda da juna. Inaso na bada katafaren gudummuwa a wikipedia musamman abin da ya shafi ilimin na'ura ta hanyar fassara bangare da harshen hausa. Ina fatan Allah ya taimake mu baki daya. Amin <br> [[File:2025 Award02.jpg|thumb|Karramawa ta musamman daga Hausa Wikimedians User Group 2025]] [[File:UmarAskira05.jpg|thumb|Ranar Hausa na Duniya 2025.]] [[File:UmarAskira02.jpg|thumb|Domin gudanar da ayyukan Wikipedia]] [[File:UmarAskira01.jpg|thumb|Wiki Projects.]] [[File: UmarAskira06.jpg|thumb|Wiki Projects.]] [[File:Askira001.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Wikidada001.jpg|thumb|WIkidata project.]] [[File:UmarAskira08.jpg|thumb|Wiki Conference 2024 tare da Gwanki da Mr. Snatcher]] [[File:UmarAskira07.jpg|thumb|Wiki Conference 2024.]] [[File:Askira003.jpg|thumb|Askira a DARU]] [[File:Kad002.jpg|thumb|Wikipedia Workshop in Kaduna Polytechnic]] Na samu damar halartan taron kara wa juna sani na Hausa Wikipedia: * Hausa Wikipedia Awareness in KAD ICT Hub 2019 (participant). * Hausa Wiktionary at Silver Sand Hotel (Facilitator). * Wiki edit-a-thon in Kano State (Facilitator). * Wikipedia Campaign at Notion Computer Technology (organizer). * Edit-a-thon at Gusau Institute (organizer). * Wikipedia Campaign In Kaduna Polytechnic (organizer) * * Wikipedia @ 20 Celebration (Facilitator) * Wikipedia Campaign In Funtua (Katsina State) (Facilitator) * Tyap Wikimedians User Group outreach in Zaria (Facilitator) * Wikimedia Kaduna Network Workshop (Facilitator) * Wiki for Librarians in ABU Zaria 2022 (Facilitator)<br> {{#babel:ha-N|en-5}} {{userbox | border-c = #008080 | id = [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|38px]] | id-c = #FFFFFF | id-fc = #FFFFFF | id-s = 9 | info = This user is a member of '''[[:Hausa Wikimedians User Group]]''' | info-c = #FFFFFF | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} {{User loves Wikidata}} [[Category:Wikipedians who contribute to the English Wikipedia]] [[Category:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development]] {{User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development}} {{userbox | border-c = #000000 | id = [[Image:Wikimedia Sustainability Initiative Logo.svg|60px]] | id-c = white | info = {{LangSwitch |en = This user '''[[Sustainability Initiative/List of supporters|<span style="color:white;">supports</span>]]''' the Wikimedia '''[[Sustainability Initiative|<span style="color:white;">Sustainability Initiative</span>]]''' |fi = Tämä käyttäjä '''[[Sustainability Initiative/List of supporters|<span style="color:white;">tukee</span>]]''' Wikimedian '''[[Sustainability Initiative|<span style="color:white;">Kestävyysaloitetta</span>]]''' }} | info-c = #8aae48 | info-fc = white | info-op = text-align:center; | usercategory = Wikimedia Sustainability Initiative supporters | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}<noinclude> [[Category:Wikipedians who contribute to the Hausa Wikipedia]] </noinclude> {{User Nigeria}} dz452lcp6m3nvv749ui6whwjcwgh2si 0 17928 840360 671301 2026-05-26T22:32:00Z Ziv 32466 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:GoogleLogoSept12015.png]] → [[File:Google 2015 logo.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 840360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Google-Deep_Mind_headquarters_in_London,_6_Pancras_Square.jpg |thumb|Hedkwatar kamfanin a London]] [[File:Google 2015 logo.svg|200px|right|thumbnail|Tambarin Google tun shekarar 2015 zuwa yau]] [[File:Alex_Gunza.jpg |thumb| Alex Gunza - darektan kuma wanda ya kafa Respect Design studio]] '''Google''' babban kamfani ne dake [[Tarayyar Amurka|ƙasar Amurka]]. An san shi ne don ƙirƙira da gudanarwar ɗayan manyan injunan bincike na yanar gizo na Duniya "(WWW)" ma'ana (("World" "Wide""Web")), kowace rana fiye da mutane biliyan suna amfani da shi. Hedikwatar Google (wanda aka fi sani da" Googleplex ") yana cikin Mountain View California, wani ɓangare na kwarin Silicon. Taken Google a halin yanzu shi ne "A yi abin da ya dace". Tun daga ranar 2 ga Satumbar 2015, Google mallakar wani sabon kamfani ne mai suna ''Alphabet'' Inc, wanda ya karbe wasu ayyukan na Google, kamar [[Mota|motocinsa]] marasa matuƙi.Kamfani ne na jama'a da ke kasuwanci a kan NASDAQ ƙarƙashin tambarin [http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/goog GOOG] da [http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/googl GOOGL]. Injin bincike na Google na iya nemo hotuna, [[bidiyo]], labarai, rukunin labarai na Usenet, da abubuwan da za a saya ta kan layi Zuwa watan Yunin [[2004]],Google yana da shafukan yanar gizo biliyan 4.28 a kan rumbun adana bayanansa, da hotuna miliyan 880 da sakonnin Usenet miliyan 845 - abubuwa biliyan shida. Gidan yanar gizon Amurka na Google yana da matsayin Alexa na 1, ma'ana shine gidan yanar gizon da akafi ziyarta a duniya.Sanannen abu ne cewa wasu lokuta mutane suna amfani da kalmar "[ https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/google google]" a matsayin fi'ili da ke nufin "neman wani abu a Google";amma saboda sama da rabin mutanen da ke yanar gizo suna amfani da shi,"google" an yi amfani da shi wajen "bincika yanar gizo". [[File:Google Larry Page.JPG|200px|right|thumbnail|[[Larry Page]] ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin a shekarar 1998]] == Tarihi == [[File:Sundar Pichai (2023) cropped 2.jpg|200px|left|thumbnail|Sundar Pichai babban mai gudanarwa a kamfanin, na yanzu]] [[Larry Page]] da Sergey Brin, ɗalibai biyu a Jami'ar Stanford, Amurka, sun fara BackRub a farkon shekarar alif 1996. Sun sanya shi cikin kamfani, Google Inc., a ranar 7 ga watan Satumba, shekarar alif [[1998|1998.]] a garejin abokinsu a Menlo Park, [[California]] . A watan Fabrairun, shekara ta alif [[1999]], kamfanin ya koma adireshin sa 165 University Ave., Palo Alto, California, sannan ya koma wani wuri da ake kira Googleplex. A watan Satumbar, shekarar 2001, tsarin ƙididdigar Google (PageRank, don faɗin wane bayanin ne ya taimaka) ya sami Patent na Amurka.Hakkin mallakar ya kasance ga Jami'ar Stanford, tare da Lawrence (Larry) Page a matsayin mai ƙirƙira (mutumin da ya fara tunanin). Google yana da kaso mai tsoka ta hanyar America Online da InterActiveCorp. Tana da ƙungiya ta musamman da aka sani da ƙungiyar Magani ta Abokin Hulɗa (PSO) wacce ke taimakawa wajen yin kwangila, yana taimakawa inganta asusun, kuma yana ba da taimakon injiniya. == Yadda Google ke samun kuɗi == Google na samun kuɗi ta hanyar talla . Mutane ko kamfanonin da suke son mutane su sayi kayansu, sabis, ko ra'ayoyi suna ba Google kuɗi, kuma Google yana nuna talla ga mutanen da Google ke tsammanin za su danna tallan. Google yana samun kuɗi ne kawai lokacin da mutane suka danna mahaɗin, don haka yana ƙoƙari ya sani game da mutane yadda zai yiwu don kawai nuna tallan ga "mutanen kirki". Yana yin hakan tare da Google Analytics, wanda ke aika bayanan zuwa Google duk lokacin da wani ya ziyarci gidan yanar gizo. Daga wannan da sauran bayanan, Google yayi bayanin martaba game da mutum, sannan yayi amfani da wannan bayanin don gano waɗanne tallace-tallace za'a nuna. == Sunan "Google" == Sunan "Google" kuskure ne na kalmar ''googol'' . <ref>Koller, David. "[http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html Origin of the name, "Google."] ''[[Stanford University]].'' January, 2004.</ref> Milton Sirotta, dan wa ga masanin lissafin Amurka Edward Kasner, ya yi wannan kalmar a 1937, don lamba 1 ta biyo sifili dari (10 ¹⁰⁰ ). Google yayi amfani da wannan kalmar saboda kamfanin yana son yin abubuwa da yawa akan Gidan yanar gizo mai sauƙin samu da amfani. Andy Bechtolsheim ya yi tunanin sunan. Sunan babban ofishin Google, "Googleplex," wasa ne akan wani daban, har ma mafi girman lamba, " googolplex ", wanda yake 1 yana biye da googol ɗaya na sifili 10 ^{10 ¹⁰⁰} == Jarin AI a Afirka == A watan Yulin 2025, Google na zuba jari a AI, a cikin wani shiri na dala miliyan 37 da aka tsara don haɓaka haɓaka fasahar fasaha (AI) a Afirka, tare da saka hannun jari daga binciken gida zuwa ayyukan lura da amfanin gona da daidaita fasahohi da harsunan Afirka. <ref>{{cite yanar gizo |url=https://afrique.le360.ma/afrique-australe/google-investit-37-millions-de-dollars-dans-le-developpement-de-lia-en-afrique_3AAIZ2DPL5HVJPMJ3BOAPUULBAs=ci gaban $37Google a Afrika 360 Afrique |kwana = 25 Yuli 2025 | damar shiga = 25 Yuli 2025}}</ref>. == Kayan Google == * Manhajar Komi da ruwan ka ta "<nowiki><b id="mwYA">Android"</b></nowiki>tsarin aiki ne na wayoyin hannu kuma asalin Google ne suka sanya shi a wani ɓangare na yarjejeniyar Open Handset Alliance, wanda Google ke jagoranta. Shine babban mai gasa ga Apple 's iOS da Windows Phone ta Microsoft (yanzu an daina aiki). * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://adsense.google.com/ Google Adsense]'''</span> shiri ne na kyauta wanda yake bawa masu wallafa gidan yanar gizan girma damar nuna tallan Google masu dacewa da samun kudi. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://analytics.google.com/ Google Analytics]'''</span> shine ingantaccen tsarin nazarin gidan yanar gizo wanda yake baiwa mutum cikakken fahimta game da zirga-zirgar yanar gizon sa da tasirin kasuwancin sa. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://alerts.google.com/ Faɗakarwar Google Faɗakarwar]'''</span> Google sune sabuntawar imel na sabon sakamako mai dacewa na Google (yanar gizo, labarai, da sauransu) dangane da zaɓin tambayar mutum ko batun sa. * '''Google Allo''' manhajar soft waya ne don tattaunawa tare da sauran mutane kai tsaye. * '''Mataimakin Google''' shine aikace-aikacen mataimaki na kamala wanda aka gina a cikin na'urori masu komi da ruwan ka. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://www.blogger.com/ Blogger]'''</span> kayan aiki ne na kyauta wanda yake bawa masu amfani damar wallafa shafuka a shafin yanar gizon Google. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[https://books.google.com Littattafan Google suna]'''</span> ba mutane damar bincika littattafai. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://calendar.google.com Kalanda na Google]'''</span> kalandar kan layi ne. * '''Google Chrome''' shine gidan yanar gizo wanda Google yayi. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://docs.google.com Google Docs]'''</span> shine Google na kan layi cike da takardu. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://docs.google.com Google Drive]'''</span> editan takardu ne na kan layi. * <span class="plainlinks">'''Google Earth'''</span> sigar 3D ce ta Google Maps tare da duniyar dijital . * <span class="plainlinks">'''Ƙungiyoyin Google'''</span> wuri ne don masu amfani don tattauna batutuwa. Google ya sayi Deja News a 2001 kuma ya sanya shi cikin ƙungiyoyin Google. <ref>https://fanlore.org/wiki/Deja_News</ref> * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://images.google.com Google Images]'''</span> ne wani image search mai amfani . * '''Taswirar Google''' sabis ne daga Google don samar da hotunan tauraron ɗan adam da taswirar hanya don ko'ina cikin duniya. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[https://news.google.com Labaran Google]'''</span> wani kayan aiki ne wanda ke nuna labaran labarai daga kafofin labarai sama da 4,500. [https://news.google.com/archivesearch Taskar Labaran Google] * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://pay.google.com Google Pay]'''</span> hanya ce ta biyan kudi ta yanar gizo. Masu amfani zasu iya aika kuɗi ta amfani da katunan kiredit ko asusun banki ga sauran masu amfani. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[https://photos.google.com/ Hotunan Google]'''</span> software ne don tsarawa da kuma gyara hotuna. * '''Google Play''' yanki ne da ke da wasanni, da sauran abubuwa. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/products?tab=wh Abubuwan Google kayan aiki]'''</span> ne na kayan aikin Google. * '''Binciken Google''' shine mai amfani bincike. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://www.google.com/products Kasuwancin Google]'''</span> yana bawa mai amfani damar sanin abubuwan sayarwa akan [[yanar gizo]] . * <span class="plainlinks">'''Google Translate'''</span> sabis ne na fassarar kan layi. Zai iya fassara shafukan yanar gizo da rubutu zuwa wasu yarukan. * <span class="plainlinks">'''[http://sites.google.com/ Shafukan Google]'''</span> sabis ne don yin rukunin yanar gizo. * '''Bidiyon Google''' mai amfani ne na binciken [[bidiyo]] . * '''Google''' sabis ne na sada zumunta wanda yayi kama da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] . An ƙaddamar da sabis ɗin a ranar Yuni 28, 2011. * '''Gmel''' sabis ne na imel da Google ya fara a [[2004]] . Ana kiransa '''Google Mail''' a [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] da [[Jamus]] . Masu amfani suna samun sarari kyauta don adana imel. * '''Hangouts''' ɗan aike ne na kai tsaye inda mutum zai iya magana da abokai. * Labs na Tafiya a gefe <ref>https://business.financialpost.com/technology/early-facebook-backer-urges-toronto-to-abandon-smart-city-project-with-googles-sidewalk-labs</ref> * '''YouTube''' sabis ne [[Bidiyo|na]] tallata [[bidiyo]] wanda Google ta saya daga PayPal akan dala biliyan 1.65 kuma yanzu ana gudanar dashi azaman sabis na Google. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}'''Bayanan kula''' <references group="lower-alpha" /> == Sauran yanar gizo == * {{URL|https://www.google.com/about/company/facts/management|Corporate homepage}} * [https://www.google.com Injin bincike] * {{Curlie|Computers/Companies/Google%2C_Inc./}} * Google [[Category:Kamfanoni]] [[Category:Kimiyya]] [[Category:Fasaha]] qwoi0gjgjki9ne00bjy670f8afy0gn3 4 21908 840341 840179 2026-05-26T21:27:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 840341 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Xluvu|Xluvu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Xluvu|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Hausa Afirka|Hausa Afirka]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hausa Afirka|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Tinovitš|Tinovitš]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tinovitš|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:GTheChris|GTheChris]] |[[Special:Contributions/GTheChris|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Kweetal nl|Kweetal nl]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kweetal nl|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Eaglemorini|Eaglemorini]] |[[Special:Contributions/Eaglemorini|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Draconhs|Draconhs]] |[[Special:Contributions/Draconhs|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Jinbo4514|Jinbo4514]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jinbo4514|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Sodks|Sodks]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sodks|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Fadelski|Fadelski]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fadelski|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Barjingue5|Barjingue5]] |[[Special:Contributions/Barjingue5|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Jasper Chu|Jasper Chu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jasper Chu|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |13 |[[User:רונאלדיניו המלך|רונאלדיניו המלך]] |[[Special:Contributions/רונאלדיניו המלך|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Gradyindie|Gradyindie]] |[[Special:Contributions/Gradyindie|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Zulkarnaini Abubakar|Zulkarnaini Abubakar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zulkarnaini Abubakar|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Ronald labajo|Ronald labajo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ronald labajo|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Abdulbasilawal|Abdulbasilawal]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abdulbasilawal|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Tobías Sotelo|Tobías Sotelo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tobías Sotelo|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Thomas.maeder|Thomas.maeder]] |[[Special:Contributions/Thomas.maeder|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Sultan Abdul sultan|Sultan Abdul sultan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sultan Abdul sultan|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Asunke|Asunke]] |[[Special:Contributions/Asunke|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Canaryzzz|Canaryzzz]] |[[Special:Contributions/Canaryzzz|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Alqarasey|Alqarasey]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alqarasey|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Sa~eswiki|Sa~eswiki]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sa~eswiki|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 23 ga Mayu 2026 |- |25 |[[User:Ilawa-Kataka|Ilawa-Kataka]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ilawa-Kataka|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |26 |[[User:Chukwuma Tochukwu Emmanuel|Chukwuma Tochukwu Emmanuel]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chukwuma Tochukwu Emmanuel|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |27 |[[User:Yusuf Sani Buhari|Yusuf Sani Buhari]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yusuf Sani Buhari|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |28 |[[User:Emanuel121xx|Emanuel121xx]] |[[Special:Contributions/Emanuel121xx|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |29 |[[User:Toffee Dude|Toffee Dude]] |[[Special:Contributions/Toffee Dude|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |30 |[[User:NeonƘarfi|NeonƘarfi]] |[[Special:Contributions/NeonƘarfi|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |31 |[[User:Պողոսյան Արամայիս|Պողոսյան Արամայիս]] |[[Special:Contributions/Պողոսյան Արամայիս|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |32 |[[User:Urban2328|Urban2328]] |[[Special:Contributions/Urban2328|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |33 |[[User:Aliyu salisu adam|Aliyu salisu adam]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aliyu salisu adam|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Dr. Chandrakant Bangar|Dr. Chandrakant Bangar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dr. Chandrakant Bangar|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |35 |[[User:Bxlibra|Bxlibra]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bxlibra|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |36 |[[User:Carking01|Carking01]] |[[Special:Contributions/Carking01|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Marksmannas|Marksmannas]] |[[Special:Contributions/Marksmannas|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |38 |[[User:Diogenes99|Diogenes99]] |[[Special:Contributions/Diogenes99|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |39 |[[User:Nana Farida|Nana Farida]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nana Farida|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |40 |[[User:クリュゼ|クリュゼ]] |[[Special:Contributions/クリュゼ|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |41 |[[User:505noscope|505noscope]] |[[Special:Contributions/505noscope|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |42 |[[User:Kudakwashenhema|Kudakwashenhema]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kudakwashenhema|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |43 |[[User:ZhmoeDodoing|ZhmoeDodoing]] |[[Special:Contributions/ZhmoeDodoing|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |44 |[[User:أوس|أوس]] |[[Special:Contributions/أوس|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |45 |[[User:Pittjentium|Pittjentium]] |[[Special:Contributions/Pittjentium|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |46 |[[User:X-Wu-Z|X-Wu-Z]] |[[Special:Contributions/X-Wu-Z|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |47 |[[User:NDA1997|NDA1997]] |[[Special:Contributions/NDA1997|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |48 |[[User:RPetay|RPetay]] |[[Special:Contributions/RPetay|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |49 |[[User:Prosperosuagwu|Prosperosuagwu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Prosperosuagwu|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |50 |[[User:Trollmärchen|Trollmärchen]] |[[Special:Contributions/Trollmärchen|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |51 |[[User:Петя Саня и детское такси (Маньяк)|Петя Саня и детское такси (Маньяк)]] |[[Special:Contributions/Петя Саня и детское такси (Маньяк)|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |52 |[[User:Horchatamivida|Horchatamivida]] |[[Special:Contributions/Horchatamivida|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |53 |[[User:Quentin Joachim Boyer|Quentin Joachim Boyer]] |[[Special:Contributions/Quentin Joachim Boyer|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |54 |[[User:Chocquelaacar|Chocquelaacar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chocquelaacar|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |55 |[[User:Shizaa88|Shizaa88]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shizaa88|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |56 |[[User:KingOfPandas|KingOfPandas]] |[[Special:Contributions/KingOfPandas|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |57 |[[User:Vorvayne|Vorvayne]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vorvayne|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |58 |[[User:Mario93|Mario93]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mario93|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 24 ga Mayu 2026 |- |59 |[[User:SenoraPapaya|SenoraPapaya]] |[[Special:Contributions/SenoraPapaya|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |60 |[[User:Ebayavirip|Ebayavirip]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ebayavirip|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |61 |[[User:M.Muzakkir.BK|M.Muzakkir.BK]] |[[Special:Contributions/M.Muzakkir.BK|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |62 |[[User:Vivekkrishna Ramkumar|Vivekkrishna Ramkumar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vivekkrishna Ramkumar|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |63 |[[User:Fahdal|Fahdal]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fahdal|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |64 |[[User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] |[[Special:Contributions/OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |65 |[[User:Na Karo Sachi|Na Karo Sachi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Na Karo Sachi|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |66 |[[User:Salis abba|Salis abba]] |[[Special:Contributions/Salis abba|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |67 |[[User:Adam884420|Adam884420]] |[[Special:Contributions/Adam884420|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |68 |[[User:Oguzhanogreden|Oguzhanogreden]] |[[Special:Contributions/Oguzhanogreden|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |69 |[[User:Youngbarrister|Youngbarrister]] |[[Special:Contributions/Youngbarrister|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |70 |[[User:Anti fati|Anti fati]] |[[Special:Contributions/Anti fati|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |71 |[[User:Suhaib0102|Suhaib0102]] |[[Special:Contributions/Suhaib0102|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |72 |[[User:Rhodospirillum|Rhodospirillum]] |[[Special:Contributions/Rhodospirillum|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |73 |[[User:Bappahumar|Bappahumar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bappahumar|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |74 |[[User:Sairajgandhe|Sairajgandhe]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sairajgandhe|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |75 |[[User:Martijnk|Martijnk]] |[[Special:Contributions/Martijnk|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |76 |[[User:Asmau Abubakar|Asmau Abubakar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Asmau Abubakar|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |77 |[[User:The Hsinging Tree|The Hsinging Tree]] |[[Special:Contributions/The Hsinging Tree|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |78 |[[User:҆|҆]] |[[Special:Contributions/҆|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |79 |[[User:Sandaaske|Sandaaske]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sandaaske|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 25 ga Mayu 2026 |- |80 |[[User:Angell Eyes|Angell Eyes]] |[[Special:Contributions/Angell Eyes|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |81 |[[User:TigerZhang1004|TigerZhang1004]] |[[Special:Contributions/TigerZhang1004|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |82 |[[User:Dudzcar|Dudzcar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dudzcar|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |83 |[[User:AsmudEmpire|AsmudEmpire]] |[[Special:Contributions/AsmudEmpire|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |84 |[[User:Yeleoo1|Yeleoo1]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yeleoo1|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |85 |[[User:Prince al obeid|Prince al obeid]] |[[Special:Contributions/Prince al obeid|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |86 |[[User:Nathanlongan|Nathanlongan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Nathanlongan|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |87 |[[User:MalHamidu|MalHamidu]] |[[Special:Contributions/MalHamidu|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |88 |[[User:Ackerman200|Ackerman200]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ackerman200|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |89 |[[User:Ravidreams|Ravidreams]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ravidreams|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |90 |[[User:Shayapearl1|Shayapearl1]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shayapearl1|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |91 |[[User:AyyanD|AyyanD]] |[[Special:Contributions/AyyanD|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |92 |[[User:Croissant aux almonds|Croissant aux almonds]] |[[Special:Contributions/Croissant aux almonds|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |93 |[[User:Tsargenius|Tsargenius]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tsargenius|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |94 |[[User:Soheilsiami|Soheilsiami]] |[[Special:Contributions/Soheilsiami|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |95 |[[User:Penguuiin|Penguuiin]] |[[Special:Contributions/Penguuiin|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |96 |[[User:Wrenschultz|Wrenschultz]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wrenschultz|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |97 |[[User:Shehin mawaka|Shehin mawaka]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shehin mawaka|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |98 |[[User:Zainab Aisar|Zainab Aisar]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zainab Aisar|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |99 |[[User:Pedrocharlam1355|Pedrocharlam1355]] |[[Special:Contributions/Pedrocharlam1355|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |100 |[[User:AustrianAlien|AustrianAlien]] |[[Special:Contributions/AustrianAlien|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Mayu 2026 |- |} to7bx2zdfd7fu54rdjs3hochahmyvg7 0 23885 840448 689582 2026-05-27T10:40:14Z Usmanmaifada 20279 /* */ 840448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Witnessing_the_fall_of_Time.jpg |thumb| Witnessing the fall of Time]] [[File:Antarctic_surface_trends.jpg |thumb| Antarctic surface trends]] [[Fayil:Map world climate zones (simplified to 10)-fr.svg|thumb|Climate]] '''[[Yanayi|Yanayi;]]''' shine yanayin na dogon lokaci a cikin yanki, yawanci matsakaicin sama da shekaru 30.<ref name="IPCC-2021">{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=J.B. Robin |last2=Möller |first2=Vincent |last3=van Diemen |first3=Renée |last4=Fuglestvedt |first4=Jan S. |last5=Masson-Delmotte |first5=Valérie |last6=Méndez |first6=Carlos |last7=Semenov |first7=Sergey |last8=Reisinger |first8=Andy |date=2021 |title=Annex VII. Glossary: IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605175306/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf |archive-date=2022-06-05 |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=[[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]] |page=2222}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20050201">{{Cite web |last=Shepherd |first=J. Marshall |last2=Shindell |first2=Drew |last3=O'Carroll |first3=Cynthia M. |date=1 February 2005 |title=What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate? |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-n/climate/climate_weather.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922095736/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-n/climate/climate_weather.html/ |archive-date=22 September 2020 |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Fiye da haka, shine matsakaici da bambancin canjin yanayi a tsawon lokaci daga watanni zuwa miliyoyin [[Shekarar Afirka|shekaru]]. Wasu daga cikin masu canji na yanayi waɗanda aka saba auna su ne zafin jiki, [[danshi]], Matsin yanayi, iska, da hazo. A cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, yanayi shine yanayin abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin yanayi, gami da yanayi, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere da biosphere da ruwa hulɗar tsakanin su.<ref name="IPCC-2021" /> Yanayin yanayi na wani wuri yana shafar latitude, longitude, ƙasa, tsawo, [[Amfani da Ƙasa|Amfani da ƙasa]] da ruwa da ke kusa da su da kuma raƙuman su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gough |first=William A. |last2=Leung |first2=Andrew C. W. |date=2022 |title=Do Airports Have Their Own Climate? |journal=Meteorology |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=171–182 |doi=10.3390/meteorology1020012 |issn=2674-0494 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya rarraba yanayi bisa ga matsakaicin da masu canji na al'ada, galibi zafin jiki da hazo. Tsarin rarrabuwa da aka fi amfani da shi shine rarraba yanayi na Köppen. Tsarin ''Thornthwaite'', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thornthwaite |first=C. W. |year=1948 |title=An Approach Toward a Rational Classification of Climate |url=http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/geog/801/001/www/ET/Thornthwaite48-GeogrRev.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Geographical Review |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=55–94 |doi=10.2307/210739 |jstor=210739 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124194531/http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/geog/801/001/www/ET/Thornthwaite48-GeogrRev.pdf |archive-date=Jan 24, 2012 |access-date=2010-12-13}}</ref> wanda ake amfani dashi tun 1948, ya haɗa da evapotranspiration tare da yanayin zafi da bayanin hazo kuma ana amfani dashi wajen nazarin bambancin halittu da yadda [[Canjin yanayi]] ke shafar shi. Manyan rarrabuwa a cikin rarrabawar yanayi na Thornthwaite sune microthermal, mesothermal, da megathermal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All About Climate |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/all-about-climate |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Education {{!}} National Geographic Society |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshe, tsarin rarrabawar Bergeron da Spatial Synoptic yana mai da hankali kan asalin iska wanda ke bayyana yanayin yankin. Paleoclimatology shine nazarin yanayin yanayi na dā. Masana ilimin yanayi na zamanin d ̄ a suna neman bayyana bambancin yanayi ga dukkan sassan Duniya a kowane lokacin da aka ba su, farawa da lokacin da aka kafa Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=paleoclimatology {{!}} science |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/paleoclimatology |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901163506/https://www.britannica.com/science/paleoclimatology |archive-date=2022-09-01 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Tun da yake akwai ƙananan abubuwan lura na kai tsaye na yanayi kafin karni na 19, ana ƙaddara yanayin yanayi daga masu canji. Sun haɗa da shaidar da ba ta ƙwayoyin cuta ba - kamar su datti da aka samo a cikin gadajen tafkin da ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara - da shaidar ƙwayoyin halitta - kamar zoben itace da murjani. Misalai na yanayi sune tsarin lissafi na yanayi na baya, yanzu, da na gaba. Canjin yanayi na iya faruwa a cikin dogon lokaci da gajeren lokaci saboda dalilai daban-daban. Ana tattauna dumama na baya-bayan nan dangane da dumama na duniya, wanda ke haifar da sake rarraba halittu. , kamar yadda masanin kimiyyar yanayi Lesley Ann Hughes ya rubuta: "canji na 3 ° C [5 ° F] a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya dace da canji a cikin isotherms na kusan 300-400 [190-250 mi] a latitude (a cikin yankin matsakaici) ko {{Convert|500|m|ft}} m a tsawo. Saboda haka, ana sa ran jinsuna su matsa sama a cikin tsawo ko zuwa ga sanduna a cikin latitude don mayar da martani ga sauya yanayin yanayi.<ref name="TIEE-20000201">{{Cite journal |last=Hughes |first=Leslie |date=1 February 2000 |title=Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? |url=http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(99)01764-4 |url-status=live |journal=[[Trends in Ecology and Evolution]] |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=56–61 |doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01764-4 |pmid=10652556 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012051437/http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(99)01764-4 |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=November 17, 2016}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Ma'anar. == Climate ({{etymology|grc|κλίμα|inclination}}) is commonly defined as the weather averaged over a long period. The standard averaging period is 30&nbsp;years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate averages |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706025040/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/ |archive-date=2008-07-06 |access-date=2008-05-17 |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. Climate also includes statistics other than the average, such as the magnitudes of day-to-day or year-to-year variations. The [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC) 2001 glossary definition is as follows: {{Blockquote|"Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather", or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30&nbsp;years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system."<ref>[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]. [http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/518.htm Appendix I: Glossary.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126132100/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/518.htm |date=2017-01-26 }} Retrieved on 2007-06-01.</ref>}} Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) ta bayyana "yanayin yanayi na al'ada" a matsayin "maɓuɓɓuka da masu ilimin yanayi suka yi amfani da su don kwatanta yanayin yanayi na yanzu da na baya ko abin da ake la'akari da shi. An bayyana yanayin yanayi na al-ada a matsayin matsakaicin lissafi na yanayin yanayi (misali zafin jiki) a cikin shekaru 30. An yi amfani da tsawon shekaru 30 don tace duk wani bambancin shekara-shekara ko anomalies kamar El Niño-Southern Oscillation, amma kuma gajere don iya nuna yanayin yanayi.<ref name="WMO data">{{Cite web |title=Climate Data and Data Related Products |url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/climate_data_and_products.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20141001233620/https%3A//www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/climate_data_and_products.php |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=1 September 2015 |website=[[World Meteorological Organization]]}}</ref> WMO ta samo asali ne daga Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya wacce ta kafa kwamiti na fasaha don ilimin yanayi a cikin 1929. A taron [[Wiesbaden]] na 1934, hukumar fasaha ta sanya tsawon shekaru talatin daga 1901, zuwa 1930, a matsayin lokacin bincike don yanayin yanayi. A cikin 1982, WMO ta amince da sabunta yanayin yanayi, kuma an kammala waɗannan bisa ga bayanan yanayi daga 1 ga Janairu 1961, zuwa 31 ga Disamba 1990.<ref name="WMO history">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Commission For Climatology: Over Eighty Years of Service |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/documents/WMO1079_web.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913033109/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/documents/WMO1079_web.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2015 |access-date=1 September 2015 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |pages=6, 8, 10, 21, 26}}</ref> Yanayin yanayi na 1961-1990, ya zama lokacin tushe. Saitin na gaba na yanayin yanayi da WMO za ta buga daga 1991, zuwa 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WMO Climatological Normals |url=https://community.wmo.int/wmo-climatological-normals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821010013/https://community.wmo.int/wmo-climatological-normals |archive-date=2022-08-21 |access-date=2022-08-21 |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]]}}</ref> Baya ga tattarawa daga sauye-sauyen yanayi na yau da kullun (zafin jiki, matsin lamba, hazo da iska), wasu masu canji kamar danshi, ganuwa, adadin girgije, radiation na rana, zafin jiki na ƙasa, yawan evaporation, kwanaki tare da tsawa da kwanakin da ƙanƙara ana tattara su don auna canji a yanayin yanayi. [[Fayil:ISS-48 Towering cumulonimbus and other clouds over the Earth (2).jpg|thumb|Climate]] [[Fayil:BlueMarble monthlies animation.gif|thumb|Climate]] Bambanci tsakanin yanayi da yanayi an taƙaita shi da amfani ta hanyar sanannen magana "Yanayin yanayi shine abin da kuke tsammani, yanayi shine abin abin da kuke samu". A cikin [[tarihi]] lokaci, akwai kusan masu canji na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ƙayyade yanayi, gami da latitude, tsawo, rabo na ƙasa zuwa ruwa, da kusanci da teku da duwatsu. Duk waɗannan masu canji suna canzawa ne kawai a cikin miliyoyin shekaru saboda matakai kamar tectonics. Sauran abubuwan da ke ƙayyade yanayi sun fi ƙarfin gaske: yaduwar thermohaline na teku yana haifar da dumama {{Cvt|5|C}} ° C (41 ° F) na arewacin Tekun Atlantika idan aka kwatanta da sauran wuraren teku.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahmstorf |first=Stefan |title=The Thermohaline Ocean Circulation: A Brief Fact Sheet |url=http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/thc_fact_sheet.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327151821/http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/thc_fact_sheet.html |archive-date=2013-03-27 |access-date=2008-05-02 |publisher=Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research}}</ref> Sauran raƙuman teku suna sake rarraba zafi tsakanin ƙasa da ruwa a kan sikelin yanki. Yawanci da nau'in shuke-shuke yana shafar shawo kan zafi na rana, riƙe ruwa, da ruwan sama a matakin yanki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Werk |first=Gertjan |last2=Mulder |first2=Karel |date=2007 |title=Heat Absorption Cooling For Sustainable Air Conditioning of Households |url=http://www.enhr2007rotterdam.nl/documents/W15_paper_DeWerk_Mulder.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527223539/http://www.enhr2007rotterdam.nl/documents/W15_paper_DeWerk_Mulder.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-27 |access-date=2008-05-02 |series=Sustainable Urban Areas Rotterdam}}</ref> Canje-canje a cikin yawan iskar gas mai sanyaya yanayi (musamman [[carbon dioxide]] da [[methane]] suna ƙayyade adadin hasken rana da duniya ke riƙewa, wanda ke haifar da dumama duniya ko sanyaya duniya. Masu canji waɗanda ke ƙayyade yanayi suna da yawa kuma suna da ma'amala mai rikitarwa, amma akwai yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya cewa an fahimci cikakkun bayanai, aƙalla gwargwadon abubuwan da ke ƙayyades canjin yanayi na tarihi. <ref>[https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change What Is Climate Change?]</ref><ref name="Ledley1999">{{Cite journal |last=Ledley, T.S. |last2=Sundquist |first2=E. T. |last3=Schwartz |first3=S. E. |last4=Hall |first4=D. K. |last5=Fellows |first5=J. D. |last6=Killeen |first6=T. L. |year=1999 |title=Climate change and greenhouse gases |journal=[[Eos (journal)|EOS]] |volume=80 |issue=39 |page=453 |bibcode=1999EOSTr..80Q.453L |doi=10.1029/99EO00325 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Yanayin yanayi. == Rarraba yanayi shine tsarin da ke rarraba yanayin duniya. Rarrabawar yanayi na iya danganta da rarrabawar Halitta, saboda yanayi yana da babban tasiri ga rayuwa a yankin. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi amfani da su shine tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen wanda aka fara haɓaka a cikin 1899. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beck |first=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |author-link6=Eric Franklin Wood |date=30 October 2018 |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=5 |pages=180214 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6207062 |pmid=30375988}}</ref> [[Fayil:Kukenan Roraima GS.jpg|thumb|Climate]] Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarraba yanayi zuwa irin wannan tsarin mulki. Da farko, an bayyana yanayi a Tsohon Girka don bayyana yanayin dangane da latitude na wuri. Hanyoyin rarraba yanayi na zamani za a iya raba su cikin hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayi, da hanyoyin da suka dace, waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan tasirin yanayi. Misalan rarraba kwayoyin halitta sun haɗa da hanyoyin da suka danganci dangi na nau'ikan iska daban-daban ko wurare a cikin rikice-rikicen yanayi. Misalan rarrabuwa na kwarewa sun haɗa da Yankunan yanayi da aka ayyana ta hanyar tsananin tsire-tsire, evapotranspiration, ko kuma gabaɗaya rarraba yanayin yanayi na Köppen wanda aka tsara shi don gano yanayin da ke da alaƙa da wasu halittu. Rashin daidaituwa na yau da kullun na waɗannan tsare-tsaren rarrabuwa shine cewa suna samar da iyakoki daban-daban tsakanin yankunan da suka bayyana, maimakon sannu a hankali sauya yanayin yanayi da ya fi dacewa a cikin yanayi. == Rubuce-rubuce. == === Paleoclimatology === Paleoclimatology shine nazarin yanayin da ya gabata a cikin babban lokaci na tarihin [[Duniya]]. Yana amfani da shaidu tare da ma'auni daban-daban na lokaci (daga shekarun da suka gabata zuwa dubban shekaru) daga kankara, zoben bishiyoyi, datti, pollen, coral, da duwatsu don tantance yanayin da ya gabata. Yana nuna lokutan kwanciyar hankali da lokutan canji kuma yana iya nuna ko canje-canje suna bin alamu kamar sake zagayowar yau da kullun. ==manazarta.== [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] gee51duhfytuhk96hgopkoc3w5b2j93 840449 840448 2026-05-27T10:41:10Z Usmanmaifada 20279 /* */ 840449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Witnessing_the_fall_of_Time.jpg |thumb| Witnessing the fall of Time]] [[File:Antarctic_surface_trends.jpg |thumb| Antarctic surface trends]] [[Fayil:Map world climate zones (simplified to 10)-fr.svg|thumb|Climate]] '''[[Yanayi|Yanayi;]]''' shine yanayin na dogon lokaci a cikin yanki, yawanci matsakaicin sama da shekaru 30.<ref name="IPCC-2021">{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=J.B. Robin |last2=Möller |first2=Vincent |last3=van Diemen |first3=Renée |last4=Fuglestvedt |first4=Jan S. |last5=Masson-Delmotte |first5=Valérie |last6=Méndez |first6=Carlos |last7=Semenov |first7=Sergey |last8=Reisinger |first8=Andy |date=2021 |title=Annex VII. Glossary: IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605175306/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_AnnexVII.pdf |archive-date=2022-06-05 |access-date=2022-05-18 |website=[[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report]] |page=2222}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20050201">{{Cite web |last=Shepherd |first=J. Marshall |last2=Shindell |first2=Drew |last3=O'Carroll |first3=Cynthia M. |date=1 February 2005 |title=What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate? |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-n/climate/climate_weather.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922095736/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-n/climate/climate_weather.html/ |archive-date=22 September 2020 |access-date=13 November 2015 |website=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Fiye da haka, shine matsakaici da bambancin canjin yanayi a tsawon lokaci daga watanni zuwa miliyoyin [[Shekarar Afirka|shekaru]]. Wasu daga cikin masu canji na yanayi waɗanda aka saba auna su ne zafin jiki, [[danshi]], Matsin yanayi, iska, da hazo. A cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, yanayi shine yanayin abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin yanayi, gami da yanayi, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere da biosphere da ruwa hulɗar tsakanin su.<ref name="IPCC-2021" /> Yanayin yanayi na wani wuri yana shafar latitude, longitude, ƙasa, tsawo, [[Amfani da Ƙasa|Amfani da ƙasa]] da ruwa da ke kusa da su da kuma raƙuman su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gough |first=William A. |last2=Leung |first2=Andrew C. W. |date=2022 |title=Do Airports Have Their Own Climate? |journal=Meteorology |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=171–182 |doi=10.3390/meteorology1020012 |issn=2674-0494 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana iya rarraba yanayi bisa ga matsakaicin da masu canji na al'ada, galibi zafin jiki da hazo. Tsarin rarrabuwa da aka fi amfani da shi shine rarraba yanayi na Köppen. Tsarin ''Thornthwaite'',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thornthwaite |first=C. W. |year=1948 |title=An Approach Toward a Rational Classification of Climate |url=http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/geog/801/001/www/ET/Thornthwaite48-GeogrRev.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Geographical Review |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=55–94 |doi=10.2307/210739 |jstor=210739 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124194531/http://www.unc.edu/courses/2007fall/geog/801/001/www/ET/Thornthwaite48-GeogrRev.pdf |archive-date=Jan 24, 2012 |access-date=2010-12-13}}</ref> wanda ake amfani dashi tun 1948, ya haɗa da evapotranspiration tare da yanayin zafi da bayanin hazo kuma ana amfani dashi wajen nazarin bambancin halittu da yadda [[Canjin yanayi]] ke shafar shi. Manyan rarrabuwa a cikin rarrabawar yanayi na Thornthwaite sune microthermal, mesothermal, da megathermal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All About Climate |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/all-about-climate |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Education {{!}} National Geographic Society |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshe, tsarin rarrabawar Bergeron da Spatial Synoptic yana mai da hankali kan asalin iska wanda ke bayyana yanayin yankin. Paleoclimatology shine nazarin yanayin yanayi na dā. Masana ilimin yanayi na zamanin d ̄ a suna neman bayyana bambancin yanayi ga dukkan sassan Duniya a kowane lokacin da aka ba su, farawa da lokacin da aka kafa Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=paleoclimatology {{!}} science |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/paleoclimatology |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901163506/https://www.britannica.com/science/paleoclimatology |archive-date=2022-09-01 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Tun da yake akwai ƙananan abubuwan lura na kai tsaye na yanayi kafin karni na 19, ana ƙaddara yanayin yanayi daga masu canji. Sun haɗa da shaidar da ba ta ƙwayoyin cuta ba - kamar su datti da aka samo a cikin gadajen tafkin da ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara - da shaidar ƙwayoyin halitta - kamar zoben itace da murjani. Misalai na yanayi sune tsarin lissafi na yanayi na baya, yanzu, da na gaba. Canjin yanayi na iya faruwa a cikin dogon lokaci da gajeren lokaci saboda dalilai daban-daban. Ana tattauna dumama na baya-bayan nan dangane da dumama na duniya, wanda ke haifar da sake rarraba halittu. , kamar yadda masanin kimiyyar yanayi Lesley Ann Hughes ya rubuta: "canji na 3 ° C [5 ° F] a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya dace da canji a cikin isotherms na kusan 300-400 [190-250 mi] a latitude (a cikin yankin matsakaici) ko {{Convert|500|m|ft}} m a tsawo. Saboda haka, ana sa ran jinsuna su matsa sama a cikin tsawo ko zuwa ga sanduna a cikin latitude don mayar da martani ga sauya yanayin yanayi.<ref name="TIEE-20000201">{{Cite journal |last=Hughes |first=Leslie |date=1 February 2000 |title=Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? |url=http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(99)01764-4 |url-status=live |journal=[[Trends in Ecology and Evolution]] |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=56–61 |doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01764-4 |pmid=10652556 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012051437/http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(99)01764-4 |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=November 17, 2016}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; == Ma'anar. == Climate ({{etymology|grc|κλίμα|inclination}}) is commonly defined as the weather averaged over a long period. The standard averaging period is 30&nbsp;years,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate averages |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706025040/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/ |archive-date=2008-07-06 |access-date=2008-05-17 |publisher=Met Office}}</ref> but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. Climate also includes statistics other than the average, such as the magnitudes of day-to-day or year-to-year variations. The [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC) 2001 glossary definition is as follows: {{Blockquote|"Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather", or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30&nbsp;years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system."<ref>[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]]. [http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/518.htm Appendix I: Glossary.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126132100/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/518.htm |date=2017-01-26 }} Retrieved on 2007-06-01.</ref>}} Ƙungiyar Yanayi ta Duniya (WMO) ta bayyana "yanayin yanayi na al'ada" a matsayin "maɓuɓɓuka da masu ilimin yanayi suka yi amfani da su don kwatanta yanayin yanayi na yanzu da na baya ko abin da ake la'akari da shi. An bayyana yanayin yanayi na al-ada a matsayin matsakaicin lissafi na yanayin yanayi (misali zafin jiki) a cikin shekaru 30. An yi amfani da tsawon shekaru 30 don tace duk wani bambancin shekara-shekara ko anomalies kamar El Niño-Southern Oscillation, amma kuma gajere don iya nuna yanayin yanayi.<ref name="WMO data">{{Cite web |title=Climate Data and Data Related Products |url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/climate_data_and_products.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20141001233620/https%3A//www.wmo.int/pages/themes/climate/climate_data_and_products.php |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=1 September 2015 |website=[[World Meteorological Organization]]}}</ref> WMO ta samo asali ne daga Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya wacce ta kafa kwamiti na fasaha don ilimin yanayi a cikin 1929. A taron [[Wiesbaden]] na 1934, hukumar fasaha ta sanya tsawon shekaru talatin daga 1901, zuwa 1930, a matsayin lokacin bincike don yanayin yanayi. A cikin 1982, WMO ta amince da sabunta yanayin yanayi, kuma an kammala waɗannan bisa ga bayanan yanayi daga 1 ga Janairu 1961, zuwa 31 ga Disamba 1990.<ref name="WMO history">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Commission For Climatology: Over Eighty Years of Service |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/documents/WMO1079_web.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913033109/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/ccl/documents/WMO1079_web.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2015 |access-date=1 September 2015 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |pages=6, 8, 10, 21, 26}}</ref> Yanayin yanayi na 1961-1990, ya zama lokacin tushe. Saitin na gaba na yanayin yanayi da WMO za ta buga daga 1991, zuwa 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WMO Climatological Normals |url=https://community.wmo.int/wmo-climatological-normals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821010013/https://community.wmo.int/wmo-climatological-normals |archive-date=2022-08-21 |access-date=2022-08-21 |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]]}}</ref> Baya ga tattarawa daga sauye-sauyen yanayi na yau da kullun (zafin jiki, matsin lamba, hazo da iska), wasu masu canji kamar danshi, ganuwa, adadin girgije, radiation na rana, zafin jiki na ƙasa, yawan evaporation, kwanaki tare da tsawa da kwanakin da ƙanƙara ana tattara su don auna canji a yanayin yanayi. [[Fayil:ISS-48 Towering cumulonimbus and other clouds over the Earth (2).jpg|thumb|Climate]] [[Fayil:BlueMarble monthlies animation.gif|thumb|Climate]] Bambanci tsakanin yanayi da yanayi an taƙaita shi da amfani ta hanyar sanannen magana "Yanayin yanayi shine abin da kuke tsammani, yanayi shine abin abin da kuke samu". A cikin [[tarihi]] lokaci, akwai kusan masu canji na yau da kullun waɗanda ke ƙayyade yanayi, gami da latitude, tsawo, rabo na ƙasa zuwa ruwa, da kusanci da teku da duwatsu. Duk waɗannan masu canji suna canzawa ne kawai a cikin miliyoyin shekaru saboda matakai kamar tectonics. Sauran abubuwan da ke ƙayyade yanayi sun fi ƙarfin gaske: yaduwar thermohaline na teku yana haifar da dumama {{Cvt|5|C}} ° C (41 ° F) na arewacin Tekun Atlantika idan aka kwatanta da sauran wuraren teku.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahmstorf |first=Stefan |title=The Thermohaline Ocean Circulation: A Brief Fact Sheet |url=http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/thc_fact_sheet.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327151821/http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/thc_fact_sheet.html |archive-date=2013-03-27 |access-date=2008-05-02 |publisher=Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research}}</ref> Sauran raƙuman teku suna sake rarraba zafi tsakanin ƙasa da ruwa a kan sikelin yanki. Yawanci da nau'in shuke-shuke yana shafar shawo kan zafi na rana, riƙe ruwa, da ruwan sama a matakin yanki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Werk |first=Gertjan |last2=Mulder |first2=Karel |date=2007 |title=Heat Absorption Cooling For Sustainable Air Conditioning of Households |url=http://www.enhr2007rotterdam.nl/documents/W15_paper_DeWerk_Mulder.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527223539/http://www.enhr2007rotterdam.nl/documents/W15_paper_DeWerk_Mulder.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-27 |access-date=2008-05-02 |series=Sustainable Urban Areas Rotterdam}}</ref> Canje-canje a cikin yawan iskar gas mai sanyaya yanayi (musamman [[carbon dioxide]] da [[methane]] suna ƙayyade adadin hasken rana da duniya ke riƙewa, wanda ke haifar da dumama duniya ko sanyaya duniya. Masu canji waɗanda ke ƙayyade yanayi suna da yawa kuma suna da ma'amala mai rikitarwa, amma akwai yarjejeniya ta gaba ɗaya cewa an fahimci cikakkun bayanai, aƙalla gwargwadon abubuwan da ke ƙayyades canjin yanayi na tarihi. <ref>[https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change What Is Climate Change?]</ref><ref name="Ledley1999">{{Cite journal |last=Ledley, T.S. |last2=Sundquist |first2=E. T. |last3=Schwartz |first3=S. E. |last4=Hall |first4=D. K. |last5=Fellows |first5=J. D. |last6=Killeen |first6=T. L. |year=1999 |title=Climate change and greenhouse gases |journal=[[Eos (journal)|EOS]] |volume=80 |issue=39 |page=453 |bibcode=1999EOSTr..80Q.453L |doi=10.1029/99EO00325 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Yanayin yanayi. == Rarraba yanayi shine tsarin da ke rarraba yanayin duniya. Rarrabawar yanayi na iya danganta da rarrabawar Halitta, saboda yanayi yana da babban tasiri ga rayuwa a yankin. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi amfani da su shine tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen wanda aka fara haɓaka a cikin 1899. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beck |first=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |author-link6=Eric Franklin Wood |date=30 October 2018 |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |language=en |volume=5 |pages=180214 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214 |issn=2052-4463 |pmc=6207062 |pmid=30375988}}</ref> [[Fayil:Kukenan Roraima GS.jpg|thumb|Climate]] Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarraba yanayi zuwa irin wannan tsarin mulki. Da farko, an bayyana yanayi a Tsohon Girka don bayyana yanayin dangane da latitude na wuri. Hanyoyin rarraba yanayi na zamani za a iya raba su cikin hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke haifar da yanayi, da hanyoyin da suka dace, waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan tasirin yanayi. Misalan rarraba kwayoyin halitta sun haɗa da hanyoyin da suka danganci dangi na nau'ikan iska daban-daban ko wurare a cikin rikice-rikicen yanayi. Misalan rarrabuwa na kwarewa sun haɗa da Yankunan yanayi da aka ayyana ta hanyar tsananin tsire-tsire, evapotranspiration, ko kuma gabaɗaya rarraba yanayin yanayi na Köppen wanda aka tsara shi don gano yanayin da ke da alaƙa da wasu halittu. Rashin daidaituwa na yau da kullun na waɗannan tsare-tsaren rarrabuwa shine cewa suna samar da iyakoki daban-daban tsakanin yankunan da suka bayyana, maimakon sannu a hankali sauya yanayin yanayi da ya fi dacewa a cikin yanayi. == Rubuce-rubuce. == === Paleoclimatology === Paleoclimatology shine nazarin yanayin da ya gabata a cikin babban lokaci na tarihin [[Duniya]]. Yana amfani da shaidu tare da ma'auni daban-daban na lokaci (daga shekarun da suka gabata zuwa dubban shekaru) daga kankara, zoben bishiyoyi, datti, pollen, coral, da duwatsu don tantance yanayin da ya gabata. Yana nuna lokutan kwanciyar hankali da lokutan canji kuma yana iya nuna ko canje-canje suna bin alamu kamar sake zagayowar yau da kullun. ==manazarta.== [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] ks6h0jdxhcy9ohif6scufxu225d2off 0 24014 840280 675907 2026-05-26T13:41:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Bend_in_the_River_Ashop_-_geograph.org.uk_-_155858.jpg |thumb|Kogin Ashop ]] [[Fayil:Geomorphology. Coasts of Sihanoukville.jpg|thumb|geomorphology]] [[Fayil:Geomorphology - coasts of Sihanoukville between Sokha beach and Serendipity Beach.jpg|thumb|Geomorphology]] '''Ilimin kimiyyar tsarin kasa''' "Geomorphology" (daga tsohuwar yaren Girkanci : γῆ, gê, "ƙasa"; μορφή, morphḗ, "form"; da λόγος, lógos, "karatu") shine binciken kimiyya na asali da juyin halittar yanayin ƙasa da fasali na sifa da aka riska, da wadanda sunadarai ko hanyoyin nazarin halittu masu aiki a kusa da saman [[Duniya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oceanfdn.org/ha/Tsare-tsare-na-sararin-ruwa-na-kimiyyar-teku-yana-canza-yadda-muke-hul%C9%97a-da-tekuna-da-bakin-teku/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-27 |archive-date=2025-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251012183925/https://oceanfdn.org/ha/Tsare-tsare-na-sararin-ruwa-na-kimiyyar-teku-yana-canza-yadda-muke-hul%C9%97a-da-tekuna-da-bakin-teku/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Geomorphologists wato masu ilimin nazarin juyin tsarin kasa" nemi su fahimci dalilin da ya sa shimfidar duba hanyar da suka aikata, to fahimta landform da ƙasa tarihi da kuma muhimmancin da kuma hango ko hasashen canje-canje ta hanyar hade da filin lura, jiki gwaje-gwajen da na lamba tallan kayan kawa.<ref>Gilbert, Grove Karl, and Charles Butler Hunt, eds. Geology of the Henry Mountains, Utah, as recorded in the notebooks of GK Gilbert, 1875–76. Vol. 167. Geological Society of America, 1988.</ref> Geomorphologists suna aiki a cikin fannoni kamar ilimin ƙasa, geology, geodesy, geology engineering, archeology, climatology and geotechnical engineering . Wannan babban tushen abubuwan sha'awa yana ba da gudummawa ga yawancin hanyoyin bincike da abubuwan sha'awa a cikin filin.<ref>^ Willett, Sean D.; Brandon, Mark T. (January 2002). "On steady states in mountain belts". Geology. 30 (2): 175–178. Bibcode:2002Geo....30..175W. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0175:OSSIMB>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 8571776.</ref> == Bayani == Doron ƙasa na duniya da aka canza ta hanyar hade-haden shifidu daban daban da da sigogi matakai cewa siffar shimfidar wurare, da kuma geologic matakai da suka haddasa tectonic karfafa da kuma subsidence, da kuma siffar da jihar bakin teku labarin ƙasa.<ref>https://www.dar-alifta.org/ha/fatwa/details/20960/yin-magana-cikin-al%E2%80%99amurran-ilimin-likitanci-ba-tare-da-ilimi-ba{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hanyoyin saman sun ƙunshi aikin ruwa, iska, kankara, wuta, da rayuwa akan farfajiyar Duniya, tare da halayen sunadarai waɗanda ke samar da ƙasa kuma suna canza kaddarorin abu, kwanciyar hankali da ƙimar canjin yanayin ƙasa ƙarƙashin ƙarfin nauyi, da wasu dalilai, kamar (a cikin kwanan nan da suka gabata) canjin ɗan adam na shimfidar wuri. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan suna da tsaka -tsakin yanayi ta yanayi. Geologic matakai sun hada da karfafa daga dutsen jeri, da girma da volcanoes, isostatic canje-canje a cikin ƙasa surface tadawa (wani lokacin a mayar da martani ga surface matakai), da kuma samuwar zurfin sedimentary daruna inda surface na Duniya saukad da aka cika da kayan eroded daga sauran sassan shimfidar wuri. Saboda haka farfajiyar ƙasa da shimfidar shimfidar yanayi ta kasance tsinkayar yanayin yanayi, aikin ruwa, da aikin ilimin halittu tare da tsarin ilimin ƙasa, ko kuma akasin haka, tsinkayen lithosphere na duniya tare da hydrosphere, yanayi, da yanayin halitta.<ref>Roe, Gerard H.; Whipple, Kelin X.; Fletcher, Jennifer K. (September 2008). "Feedbacks among climate, erosion, and tectonics in a critical wedge orogen" (PDF). American Journal of Science. 308 (7): 815–842.</ref> == Manazarta. == 48t427vaxcybfthop9c5zjpbnen3dkr 0 28836 840420 471165 2026-05-27T07:55:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jiblah''' (larabci: جِبْلَة) birni ne, da ke a kudu maso yammacin Yaman, c. kilomita takwas (5.0 mi) kudu, kudu maso yamma na Ibb a cikin wannan suna. Tana a tsayin kusan mita 2,200 (ƙafa 7,200), kusa da Jabal At-Taʿkar (جَبَل ٱلتَّعْكَر).<ref name="AlmotamarPress 12-2014">{{cite news|newspaper=Almotamar Press|title=مناطق تاريخية (حصن التعكر..مصير مجهول ل6 آلاف سنة من تاريخه)|language=ar|url=https://almotamarpress.com/news841.html|date=2014-12-25|access-date=2021-08-19|archive-date=2021-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819102517/https://almotamarpress.com/news841.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Al-Arabiya 03-2018">{{cite news|last=سيف|first=إسلام|title=الحوثي يستحدث موقعا عسكريا بأعلى قمة جبلية وسط اليمن|publisher=[[Al Arabiya]]|language=ar|location=Yemen|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/yemen/2018/03/12/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86|date=2018-03-12|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref> An ƙara garin da kewaye cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO saboda ƙimar al'adun duniya. Gidan tarihi na Sarauniya Arwa yana cikin garin.<ref name="Unesco">{{citation|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1721/|title=Jibla and its surroundings|publisher=[[UNESCO]] World Heritage Centre|access-date=2009-04-20}}</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:Queen_Arwa's_palace.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Arwa's_palace.jpg|thumb|Fadar Sarauniyar Arwa a 2013]] Bayan kisan gillar da aka yi wa Sulayhid 'Ali ibn Muhammad a shekara ta 1067 miladiyya, mijin Arwa al-Sulayhi Ahmad ya zama ''de jure'' shugaban kasar Yemen, amma bai iya mulki ba, ya shanye, kuma a kwance. Ya ba wa Arwa dukkan karfinsa, daya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko shi ne mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Sana’a zuwa Jibla, domin ta samu mafi kyawun matsayi na halaka Sa’id bn Najar, ta haka ta rama wa mahaifinta. mutun doka. Hakan ta yi nasarar yin hakan ne ta hanyar lallasa shi cikin tarko a shekarar 1088. Ta gina sabon fada a Jibla, kuma ta mayar da tsohuwar fadar ta zama babban masallaci inda a karshe aka binne ta.<ref name="Unesco" /><ref>Muhammad Zakaria (1998) ''مساجد اليمن''</ref><ref name="MernissiLakeland2003">{{citation|last1=Mernissi|first1=Fatima|last2=Lakeland|first2=Mary Jo|year=2003|title=The forgotten queens of Islam|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-579868-5}}</ref><ref name="NIC Ibb">{{cite web|url=http://www.yemen-nic.info/contents/Brief/images/ibb.pdf|title=Yemen|publisher=NIC|language=ar}}</ref> == Rayuwar mutanen kauye == A karshen shekarar 1979, matan Jibla za su wanke tufafinsu a cikin manyan tafkuna da rafuffukan ruwan magudanan ruwa suka yi, wadanda suka gangaro kan gangaren ''Jebal Attaker''. An yi amfani da tsakuwar rafin a madadin allunan goge-goge. {{cquote|''Ka kwantar da zuciyarka a cikin ƴan ƴan tsaunuka na Dhīl-Sufal, ka dubi faɗuwar sa, / Can iska ta yi haske kamar lu'ulu'u, ruwa yana da tsarki, kuma dare yana kawo farin ciki mafi girma.''.<ref>Aḥmad b. al-Ḥasan al-Jibli (d. 1880 / 1881)</ref>}} == Kayan aiki == === Asibiti === Anan akwai Asibitin Baptist na Amurka. A nan ne Taher Qassim (masanin kula da lafiyar jama'a kuma wanda ya kafa bikin Larabawa na Liverpool, wanda aka haifa a ƙauyen Al-Karaba) ya shafe shekaru 3½ yana sana'a.<ref name="TheNational 08-2021">{{cite news|last=Maghribi|first=Layla|title=Arab arts champion Taher Qassim never forgets his remote Yemen roots: The leading public health practitioner and Liverpool Arab Arts Festival founder has gone far, but memories of his shepherd upbringing remain strong|publisher=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/2021/08/06/arab-arts-champion-taher-qassim-never-forgets-his-remote-yemen-roots/|date=2021-08-06|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2002, wani dan kishin Islama ya shiga asibitin Jibla Baptist, ya harbe wasu ma'aikatan asibitin Kudancin Baptist guda uku. Washegari bayan harbe-harben, an mayar da mallakar asibitin ga gwamnatin Yemen. Gwamnati ta dauki alhakin a cikin 2003, kuma ta ci gaba da daukar ma'aikatan Baptist ta Kudu, har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe a watan Mayu 2007.<ref name="MNN 01-2013">{{cite news|last=Ranish|first=David|title=Southern Baptist 32-year legacy lives on|newspaper=Mission Network News|url=https://www.mnnonline.org/news/southern-baptist-32-year-legacy-lives-on/|date=January 11, 2013|access-date=September 22, 2016}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jibla IMG 5662.JPG|thumb|Jibla, Yemen]] Kamar yadda yake a sauran yankuna a Yemen da yaki ya daidaita, cutar ta COVID-19 ta shafa Jiblah, amma asibitinta ba shi da ikon yin gwajin cutar ta coronavirus, don haka likitocin da ke wurin sun yi amfani da wasu hanyoyi don gano cutar. Amma duk da haka a cewar ma’aikatan kiwon lafiya guda biyu a wurin, asibitin a kullum yana karbar kusan mutane 50 da ke da alamun cutar, kuma saboda tsoron ramuwar gayya, likitoci ba su sanar da dangin da suka mutu ba game da su ko da ana zargin sun kamu da cutar.<ref name="AP 08-2021">{{cite news|last=Magdy|first=Sami|title=In Yemen’s north, Houthis face virus with outright denial|newspaper=[[Associated Press|AP News]]|location=[[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-health-coronavirus-pandemic-united-nations-yemen-1d134157c61c85c844667613183ac1b3|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref><ref name="Ahram 08-2021">{{cite news|work=AP News|title=In Yemen's north, Houthis face Coronavirus with outright denial|publisher=[[Al-Ahram|Ahram Online]]|location=Cairo|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/2/8/418996/World/Region/In-Yemens-north,-Houthis-face-Coronavirus-with-out.aspx|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref><ref name="ArabNews 08-2021">{{cite news|work=AP News|title=In Yemen’s north, Houthis face virus with outright denial|publisher=[[Arab News]]|location=Cairo|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1910416/middle-east|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref><ref name="EgyptIndependent 08-2021">{{cite news|work=AP News|title=In Yemen’s north, Huthis face virus with outright denial|publisher=[[Egypt Independent]]|location=Cairo|url=https://www.egyptindependent.com/in-yemens-north-huthis-face-virus-with-outright-denial/|date=2021-08-13|access-date=2021-08-16}}</ref> === Masallatai === Akwai masallatan tarihi guda biyu a nan:<ref name="Unesco" /><ref name="TravelAdventures">{{cite web|website=Around the World in 80 Clicks|title=Jibla (Yemen)|url=http://www.traveladventures.org/continents/asia/jibla.html|year=May 2004|access-date=2021-08-04}}</ref> * Na Sarauniya Arwa * [[Fayil:Jibla 1987 07.jpg|thumb|Jibla, Yemen]]Masallacin Qubbat Bayt Az-Zum (Larabci: مَسْجِد قُبَّة بَيْت ٱلْزُّوْم, romanized: ''Masjid Qubbat Bayt Az-Zūm''), kuma aka sani da ''Masjid Qubbat Ash-Shaykh Ya'qub Az-Zūm'' (مَسْجِد قُبَّة ٱلشَّيْخ يَعْقُوْب ٱلْزُّوْم), wanda aka kafa a shekara ta 921H.<ref name="Yemeress 05-20072">{{cite news|last=عميقة|first=فؤاد أحمد المليكي بشرى قاسم|title=جبلة.. تاريخ ملكة عظيمة، اسمها ينسب لأحد صانعي الفخار|newspaper=Yemeress Al-Gomhoriah|language=ar|url=https://www.yemeress.com/algomhoriah/2041114|date=2007-05-05|access-date=2021-08-05|archive-date=2023-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104132656/https://www.yemeress.com/algomhoriah/2041114|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Almotamar 01-2005">{{cite news|last=الحسني|first=أحمد|title=جبـــــــــــلة .. ثلاثية المرأة والأفيون والمآذن|newspaper=Almotamar|language=ar|location=Jiblah, Yemen|url=https://www.almotamar.net/pda/18443.htm|date=2005-01-17|access-date=2021-08-19}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8m7cekj7bjbn4mdc0dp86xo3agor2g7 0 32084 840411 510403 2026-05-27T06:57:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[African Super Cup]] to [[CAF Super Cup]] 510403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Africa_(orthographic_projection)_blank.svg |thumb|Taswirar kasashen Afirkan]] '''CAF Super Cup''' (wanda kuma aka sani, da '''Super Cup na Afirka''' ko kuma saboda dalilai na tallafawa '''TotalEnergies CAF Super Cup''' ) gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙungiyoyin kasashan]] Afirka da ake yi kowace shekara tsakanin waɗanda suka yi nasara a gasar cin kofin CAF Champions League da CAF Confederation Cup . An fara gudanar da gasar ne a shekara ta 1993 kuma hukumar CAF ce ta shirya ta. == Tarihi == Tunanin Supercup na Afirka ya bazu kuma an gabatar da shi a Gasar Fraternity a [[Abidjan]] . A cikin shekara ta 1982, JS Kabylie, wanda ya lashe gasar cin kofin zakarun kulob-kulob na Afirka a shekara ta 1981, ya lashe wannan kofi ta hanyar kayar da wanda ya lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka, Union Douala, a bugun fenareti 4-3 bayan da aka tashi 1-1. Sai dai a hukumance wannan kofi bai ga haske ba sai a shekara ta 1993 da sunan CAF Super Cup. Ana buga shi a wasa daya kuma a filin wasan wanda ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai (ban da 2007). Har zuwa shekara ta 2003, Supercup na Afirka ya fafata da wanda ya yi nasara a gasar zakarun Turai da wanda ya yi nasara a gasar cin kofin Afirka . Lokacin da na ƙarshen ya ɓace, shi ne wanda ya lashe gasar cin kofin Confederation ya dauki wuri. Sau biyar kacal, wanda ya lashe C1 ya yi rashin nasara a wannan gasa: kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ivory Coast Africa Sports d'Abidjan ta doke Wydad AC na Morocco a bugun farko a Abidjan a ahekara ta 1993, ES Sahel ta doke Raja CA a shekara ta 1997, Maghreb de Fès . ta 2012 shekara ta ES Tunis a shekarar 2012, Raja CA da Zamalek SC sun doke ES Tunis a shekara ta 2019 zuwa ta 2020 . Fez Maghreb shi ne kulob na farko da ya lashe kofin nahiyoyi da ya lashe kofin CAF Supercup tun lokacin da CAF ta lashe kofin zakarun Turai ta fafata da mai cin kofin nahiyoyi. == Tallafawa == [[File:Sup_2004.png|thumb|263x263px| Kofin CAF Super Cup.]] A watan Yulin shekara ta 2016, Total ta samu tallafin shekaru takwas daga Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka (CAF) don tallafawa 10 na manyan gasa. Total ya fara ne da gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka da aka yi a Gabon don haka aka sauya mata suna zuwa gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka. Saboda wannan tallafin, daga 2017 ana kiran gasar "Total CAF Super Cup". {| class="wikitable" style="width:25%;" !Take Mai Tallafawa ! Masu ba da Tallafi na hukuma |- | style="vertical-align:top;" | * Jimlar <ref>[http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=z5SPEjKTyig8WgDEfOXGfg%3D%3D "TOTAL, TITLE SPONSOR OF THE AFRICA CUP OF NATIONS AND PARTNER OF AFRICAN FOOTBALL"], ''CAF'', 21 July 2016</ref> | style="vertical-align:top;" | * Lemu <ref>[http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=FTlYXZ1pzZ2c71L90kJHEw%3D%3D "ORANGE SIGNS NEW EIGHT-YEAR PARTNERSHIP WITH CAF"], ''CAF'', 16 December 2016</ref> * Qnet <ref>[http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=gj3%2Ff24rKUQ1ubk9Zg5ilg%3D%3D "QNET ANNOUNCES SPONSORSHIP OF TOTAL CAF CHAMPIONS LEAGUE, TOTAL CAF CONFEDERATION CUP, TOTAL CAF SUPER CUP"], ''CAF'', 24 February 2018</ref> * 1xBet <ref>[http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=QlQOHG4iRiF0Q%2BJYqmtB%2Bw%3D%3D "1XBET - OFFICIAL SPONSOR OF THE CONFÉDÉRATION AFRICAINE DE FOOTBALL (CAF) TOURNAMENTS"], ''CAF'', 6 February 2019</ref> |} == Rikodi da ƙididdiga == === Masu nasara === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Club !Winners !Runners-up !Years won !Years runner-up |- |{{Flagicon|EGY}} [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]] | align="center" |8 | align="center" |2 |2002, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2021 (May), 2021 (Dec) |1994, 2015 |- |{{Flagicon|EGY}} [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]] | align="center" |4 | align="center" |1 |1994, 1997, 2003, 2020 |2001 |- |{{Flagicon|COD}} [[TP Mazembe]] | align="center" |3 | align="center" |2 |2010, 2011, 2016 |2017, 2018 |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}} [[Étoile Sportive du Sahel]] | align="center" |2 | align="center" |3 |1998, 2008 |2004, 2007, 2016 |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[Raja CA]] | align="center" |2 | align="center" |2 |2000, 2019 |1998, 2021 (Dec) |- |{{Flagicon|NGR}} [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] | align="center" |2 | align="center" |0 |2004, 2005 |— |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}} [[Espérance Sportive de Tunis]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |4 |1995 |1999, 2012, 2019, 2020 |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[Wydad AC]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |2 |2018 |1993, 2003 |- |{{Flagicon|CIV}} [[Africa Sports d'Abidjan|Africa Sports]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |1 |1993 |2000 |- |{{Flagicon|GHA}} [[Accra Hearts of Oak S.C.|Hearts of Oak]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |1 |2001 |2005 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Orlando Pirates F.C.|Orlando Pirates]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |1996 |— |- |{{Flagicon|CIV}} [[ASEC Mimosas]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |1999 |— |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[Maghreb de Fès|Maghreb Fes]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |2012 |— |- |{{Flagicon|ALG}} [[ES Sétif]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |2015 |— |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |2017 |— |- |{{Flagicon|TUN}} [[CS Sfaxien]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 |— |2008, 2009, 2014 |- |{{Flagicon|COD}} [[Daring Club Motema Pembe|DC Motema Pembe]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |1995 |- |{{Flagicon|ALG}} [[JS Kabylie]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |1996 |- |{{Flagicon|EGY}} [[Al Mokawloon Al Arab SC|Al Mokawloon Al Arab]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |1997 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}} [[Kaizer Chiefs FC]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |2002 |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[AS FAR (football club)|AS FAR]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |2006 |- |{{Flagicon|MLI}} [[Stade Malien]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |2010 |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[Fath Union Sport]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |2011 |- |{{Flagicon|CGO}} [[AC Léopards]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |2013 |- |{{Flagicon|MAR}} [[RS Berkane]] | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |— |2021 (May) |- |} === Ta ƙasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Kasa ! Masu nasara ! Masu tsere |- |</img> Masar | align="center" | 12 | align="center" | 4 |- |</img> Maroko | align="center" | 4 | align="center" | 7 |- |</img> Tunisiya | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 10 |- |- |{{Flagicon|COD}}</img> [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|DR Congo]] {{Ref label|zaire|B|b}} | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 3 |- |</img> Ivory Coast | align="center" | 2 | align="center" | 1 |- |</img> Afirka ta Kudu | align="center" | 2 | align="center" | 1 |- |{{NGA}}</img>{{NGA}} | align="center" | 2 | align="center" | 0 |- |</img> Aljeriya | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | 1 |- |</img> Ghana | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | 1 |- |</img> Mali | align="center" | 0 | align="center" | 1 |- |</img> Jamhuriyar Kongo | align="center" | 0 | align="center" | 1 |} == Kuɗin kyauta == A cikin shekara ta 2017 da shekara ta 2018, kyautar da aka raba tsakanin wanda suka lashe Gasar Zakarun Turai da CAF Confederations Cup a CAF Super Cup sun kasance kamar haka. : {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Karshe<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> matsayi ! An bayar da kuɗi<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ku kulob |- |- style="background:gold;" | Nasara | dalar Amurka 100,000 |- |- style="background:silver;" | Masu tsere | US $75,000 |} Tun daga shekarar 2019, kyautar CAF Super Cup kamar haka : {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Karshe<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> matsayi ! An bayar da kuɗi<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ku kulob |- |- style="background:gold;" | Nasara | US $200,000 |- |- style="background:silver;" | Masu tsere | dalar Amurka 150,000 |} == Kafar watsa labarai == {| class="wikitable" !Ƙasa/Yanki ! Tashoshi |- |{{Flag|ASEAN}}</img>{{Flag|ASEAN}} | Wasannin BeIN |- |{{Flag|Canada}}</img>{{Flag|Canada}} | Wasannin beIN<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Réseau des wasanni |- |{{Flag|Europe}}</img>{{Flag|Europe}} | Sportfive |- |{{Flag|France}}</img>{{Flag|France}} | Wasannin beIN |- | Latin Amurka | ESPN |- |{{Flag|Mali}}</img>{{Flag|Mali}} | ORTM |- |{{Flag|Morocco}}</img>{{Flag|Morocco}} | Arriyadia |- |{{Flagicon|Arab League}}</img> [[MENA]] | Wasannin beIN |- |{{Flag|South Africa}}</img>{{Flag|South Africa}} | SuperSport |- | Kudancin Balkan | Wasannin Wasanni |- |{{Flag|United States}}</img>{{Flag|United States}} | Wasannin beIN |} == Duba kuma == * Super Cup * CAF Champions League * CAF Confederation Cup == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/supercup2014/home CAF Super Cup a CAFonline.com] * [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesa/afsup.html RSSSF] * [https://int.soccerway.com/international/africa/caf-super-cup/ CAF Super Cup taƙaitaccen labari] - Hanyar ƙwallon ƙafa [[Category:Kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Wasannin a Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasannin FIFA]] [[Category:Wasan Motsa jiki]] b9xsrda3t1f6c0s86byazd8tor21hrg 0 32274 840294 712985 2026-05-26T16:57:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Islam Elbeiti''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 1994 a [[Khartoum]], Sudan) yar wasan bass ce ta Sudan, mai gabatar da rediyo, kuma mai fafutukar sauyin zamantakewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://500wordsmag.com/interviews/islam-elbeiti-a-jack-of-many-trades/|title=Islam Elbeiti: A Jack of Many Trades|date=8 November 2018|website=500 Words Magazine|access-date=10 December 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2018/03/29/african-voices-islam-elbeiti-sudan-bass-guitar-social-change-b.cnn|title=A Sudanese bassist for change|date=29 March 2018|publisher=CNN}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == [[File:Islam Elbeiti Portrait.jpg|thumb|Islam Elbeiti]] An haifi Elbeiti a [[Khartoum]], babban birnin Sudan, a matsayin babba a cikin 'ya'ya biyar, yaya daya da mata uku. Ta girma a Sudan, [[Itofiya|Habasha]], China da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bringing African Women Hope Through Music. (Part 1) Islam Elbeiti|url=https://www.yamaha.com/en/stories/019/|access-date=2020-06-09|website=www.yamaha.com|language=en|archive-date=2020-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609224209/https://www.yamaha.com/en/stories/019/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aikin kiɗa == Elbeiti tana kunna jazz, reggae da Afro-pop a cikin makada daban-daban akan guitar bass na lantarki. Ita ma mai gabatar da shirye-shirye ce a gidan rediyon Capital Radio 91.6 FM da ke birnin Khartoum don wani shiri mai suna "Jazzified", inda take magana kan batutuwan da suka shafi jazz.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sudanese jazz musician says young women like her are driving the country's 'revolution'|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-03-08/sudanese-jazz-musician-says-young-women-her-are-driving-countrys-revolution|access-date=2021-04-15|website=The World from PRX|language=en}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2017, ta ba da gudummawa ga sashen kiɗa da fasaha na bugu na farko na ''Karmakol International Festival'', wanda aka gudanar a ƙauyen Karmakol a arewacin Sudan. Kungiyoyin farar hula ne suka shirya wannan biki domin nuna al'adun gargajiya na Sudan da kuma jan hankalin jama'ar Sudan da sauran kasashen duniya baki da masu fasaha.<ref name=":1" /> Har ila yau, Elbeiti ta yi wasa kai tsaye a kan dandali tare da fitaccen mawakin Sudan, mawaƙin Nile, mazaunin UAE.<ref name=":0" /> A cikin 2021, Zakia Abdul Gassim Abu Bakr, mace ta farko da ta yi kida a Sudan kuma matar Sharhabil Ahmed, ta sanar da fitar da wani kundi mai zuwa na kungiyar mata ta ''Sawa Sawa'', gami da Islam Elbeiti.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview with Sudan's first professional woman guitarist: 'the Ministry of Culture neglects Sudanese art'|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/interview-with-sudan-s-first-professional-female-guitarist-the-ministry-of-culture-neglects-sudanese-art|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Radio Dabanga|language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi da ayyukan sana'a == Elbeiti ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha (UMST) da ke Khartoum tare da digiri na farko a fannin gudanar da kasuwanci da gudanarwa. A matsayin wani ɓangare na ayyukanta a cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a, ita ma'aikaciyar shirye-shirye ce a cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya Impact Hub a Khartoum.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=British Council Sudan|date=August 2019|title=Artist of the Month: Islam Elbeiti - August 2019|url=https://sudan.britishcouncil.org/en/artist-month-islam-elbeiti|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-04-21|website=sudan.britishcouncil.org|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418073110/https://sudan.britishcouncil.org/en/artist-month-islam-elbeiti}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2017, ta ba da jawabi a kan taron TEDxYouth a [[Kinshasa]], a cikin hanyar waƙar magana mai taken ''Don’t Kill Them''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Elbeiti|first=Islam|date=2017-06-15|title=Don't kill them|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iF7FZiFszLI|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-10|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2019, Majalisar Biritaniya a Sudan ta zabi Elbeiti a matsayin 'Mawaƙin Watan', duka saboda ayyukanta na mawaƙa da kuma shigarta cikin ƙungiyoyin farar hula.<ref name=":2" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] gzsq0beh9esod68ddcp09wc0kjtsclu 0 32859 840312 517153 2026-05-26T20:03:38Z Geoffroi 38897 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Jonathan Arnot & David Campbell-Bannerman (3900163894).jpg]] → [[File:Jonathan Arnott & David Campbell Bannerman (3900163894).jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · Wrong spelling of Arnott 840312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:David_Campbell-Bannerman_-_Wiki_Loves_Parliament_-_2014_-_P1760828.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|David Campbell Bannerman]] '''David Campbell Bannerman''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Watan Mayu shekara ta 1960 a [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[Indiya]] ) ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Conservative ne na Biritaniya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Memba na Majalisar Tarayyar Turai (MEP) na Gabashin Ingila daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2019. A halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban kungiyar 'Yanci . Ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jam'iyyar Independence Party na Burtaniya (UKIP) daga shekarar 2006 har zuwa 2010, lokacin da ya mamaye gurbun Paul Nuttall. Kafin shiga UKIP, ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya yi fice a fuskar shugaban kungiyar Bow . Ya tsaya takarar majalisa a matsayin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a zaben shekarar 1997 a Glasgow Rutherglen da a shekara ta 2001 a Warwick da Leamington . Campbell Bannerman ya shiga UKIP a shekara ta 2004, kuma an zabe shi a shekara ta 2009 . A shekara ta 2011, ya koma jam'iyyar Conservative Party. Ya kasance mai sukan Tarayyar Turai na tsawon lokaci, kuma yana da matsayi da yawa a cikin kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari masu amfani da Euro. A cikin shekara ta 2015, ya zama mataimakin shugaban wata sabuwar ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Biritaniya . A cikin shekara ta 2016, ya shiga kwamitin ba da shawara na siyasa na Leave Means Leave . == ƙuruciya == Campbell Bannerman dan uwa ne na nesa ga tsohon Firayim Minista Henry Campbell-Bannerman wanda ya jagoranci jam'iyyar Liberal Party don samun gagarumin rinjaye a kan Conservatives a babban zaben shekarar 1906 . Campbell Bannerman ya yi karatu a Makarantar Bryanston, Jami'ar Edinburgh (MA, Tattalin Arziki da Siyasa) da kuma Makarantar Wharton na Jami'ar Pennsylvania . <ref name="who">'CAMPBELL BANNERMAN, David', in ''Who's Who 2011'' (A. & C. Black, 2011)</ref> == Aiki == Campbell Bannerman ya fara aiki a matsayin akawu mai horarwa tare da Binder Hamlyn{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} kafin ya zama babban jami'in ajiyar kudi tare da Allen, Brady & Marsh.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}}Bayan ya yi aiki ga HDM ya zama Babban Darakta na {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} A shekarar 1999 ya kasance Daraktan Sadarwa / Daraktan Harkokin Waje na Ƙungiyar Kamfanoni Masu Gudanar da Jirgin Kasa ,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} kafin zama Shugaban Sadarwa a United News &amp;amp; Media a cikin shekarar 2000.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} Campbell Bannerman a halin yanzu ya kasance yana aiki da kamfanin hulda da jama'a Burson Marsteller .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2019}} == Sana'ar siyasa == === Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya: 1992-2004 === [[File:UK_Conservative_MEPs_with_EU_Commissioner-Designate_Lord_Hill_(14708913766).jpg|230px|left|thumbnail|MEPs masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Burtaniya tare da Kwamishinan EU-wanda aka zaba Lord Hill]] Campbell Bannerman ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Conservative, a matsayin dan majalisa a Royal Tunbridge Wells daga shekara ta 1992 zuwa 1996. Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Bow daga shekara ta 1993 zuwa 1994 kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Sir Patrick Mayhew (sai MP na Tunbridge Wells) daga shekara ta 1996 zuwa 1997 a lokacin Sir Patrick ya kasance Sakataren Gwamnati na Arewacin Ireland . <ref name="who">'CAMPBELL BANNERMAN, David', in ''Who's Who 2011'' (A. & C. Black, 2011)</ref> A shekarar 1997, ya tsaya takarar jam'iyyar Conservatives a Glasgow Rutherglen da kuma a cikin shekara ta 2001 a Warwick da Leamington inda ya samu kashi 37.6% na kuri'un a matsayi na biyu. === UKIP: 2004-2011 === Bayan komawa jam'iyyar UKIP a Shekara ta 2004, Campbell Bannerman ya tsaya a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar North Cornwall a babban zaben shekara ta 2005 kuma ya samu kuri'u 3063. An nada shi Shugaban Jam’iyya a watan Disamba shekara ta 2005, bayan murabus din Petrina Holdsworth .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2019}} A wajen har kar siyasa na jam'iyya, ya kasance memba na Hukumar Haɗin gwiwar Kyamarar Tsaro ta London kuma ta shiga cikin Gangamin "Ajiye Acton Mainline".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2019}} A shekara ta 2006, ya tsaya takarar shugabancin jam'iyyar Independence ta Burtaniya, inda ya zo na uku da kuri'u 1,443, bayan Richard Suchorzewski wanda ya zo na biyu a fili. Bayan wannan zaben, Nigel Farage wanda ya lashe zaben ya nada shi mataimakin shugaba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2019}} A lokacin Zaɓen Majalisar Dokokin Scotland na Shekarar 2007, ya tsaya a matsayin jerin 'yan takarar Yanki na Holyrood na UKIP na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Kamfen dinsa ya samu kuri'u 1,287 (0.7%), kasa da kashi 0.5% daga yakin neman zaben UKIP na shekarar 2003. A shekarar 2009, an zabe shi a matsayin dan Majalisar Tarayyar Turai bayan da UKIP ta lashe kashi 19.6% na kuri'un da aka kada a yankin Gabashin Ingila. [[Fayil:Jonathan Arnott & David Campbell Bannerman (3900163894).jpg|thumb|David Campbell Bannerman]] Bannerman shine babban marubucin littafin UKIP's shekarar 2010. Bayan shugaban UKIP Lord Pearson ya ajiye aiki, a cikin shekara ta 2010 Campbell Bannerman ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar shugabancin UKIP a karo na biyu, amma ya zo na uku, bayan Nigel Farage da Tim Congdon . === Conservative: 2011-Yanzu === [[Fayil:UK Conservative MEPs with EU Commissioner-Designate Lord Hill (14708913766).jpg|thumb|David Campbell Bannerman a cikin mutane]] Campbell Bannerman ya koma jam'iyyar Conservative a ranar 24 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2011 kuma ya zauna tare da kungiyar Conservatives da Reformists ta Turai a matsayin MEP karkashin jam'iyyar Conservative a majalisar Turai har zuwa karshen wa'adinsa a shekara ta 2019. Daga shekara ta 2014 ya zama shugaban tawagar majalisar zuwa [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] . A cikin watan Yulin shekara ta 2018, yayin da yake tsokaci kan shawarwarin kafofin watsa labaru na cewa mayakan Burtaniya na kungiyar [[Daular Musulunci ta Iraƙi|Islamic State]] ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a karkashin dokokin cin amanar kasa, ya kuma ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata dokokin cin amanar kasa su rufe 'yan Birtaniyya da "matukar biyayya" ga Tarayyar Turai. Wannan sharhi ya haifar da suka da yawa, inda dan majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar Labour Virendra Sharma ya yi zargin cewa "yana ba da shawarar sanya wuka cikin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki" kuma wakilin Majalisar Tarayyar Turai Brexit Guy Verhofstadt ya kira kalaman nasa "marasa hankali". A wata gudunmawar da ya bayar ta karshe a matsayinsa na dan Majalisar Tarayyar Turai, yayin wata muhawara kan cigaban Turai, Campbell Bannerman ya tambayi shugabar gwamnatin Jamus Angela Merkel a lokacin ko ta yi imani da wani babban birnin Tarayyar Turai. A watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2020, Campbell Bannerman ya bayyana a Durham Union Society, yana magana da goyon bayan motsin 'Kishin Kishin Kasa Ƙarfi Don Kyakkyawan'. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris shekara ta 2022, Campbell Bannerman ya yi jawabi a taron Conservatism na ƙasa a karkashin taken taron 'An Yi Barazana ga'Yancin Mu'. A watan Afrilu shekara ta 2022, Campbell Bannerman ya bayyana a Good Morning Biritaniya yana jayayya a kan amincewa da uzurin Firayim Minista Boris Johnson bayan ya karɓi tarar daga 'yan sanda Metropolitan. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{S-ppo}} {{Succession box|title=Chairman of the [[UK Independence Party]]}} {{Succession box|title=Deputy Leader of the [[UK Independence Party]]<br /><small>(with [[Christopher Monckton, 3rd Viscount Monckton of Brenchley|Lord Monckton]], 2010)</small>}} {{S-end}} {{UKIP}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rcpdk8jf3izxf0slfxwqrszws7o3hh4 0 36878 840355 526522 2026-05-26T22:13:57Z Saad Nuhu 43323 840355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''ACB Lagos F.C.''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''ACB FC''') tsohuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a birnin [[Lagos]]. Bankin [[African Continental Bank]] ne ya dauki nauyin ƙungiyar, kuma tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka kafa gasar firimiya ta Najeriya a shekarar 1972. Kulob ɗin ya shahara sosai a jihar Legas saboda salon wasansa wanda ya yi kama da na [[Rangers International F.C.]], lamarin da ya sa ake yi masa lakabi da '''“Lagos Rangers.”'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACB_Lagos_F.C. |title=ACB Lagos F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> ACB Lagos ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya a shekarun 1970 zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Kulob ɗin yana amfani da [[Onikan Stadium]] da ke Lagos a matsayin filin wasansa na gida, kuma ya kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa ta sana'a a Najeriya lokacin da aka fara tsarin gasar ƙwararru a shekarar 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2026/04/15/complete-history-of-the-npfl-36-years-of-nigerian-professional-football/ |title=Complete History of the NPFL: 36 Years of Nigerian Professional Football |website=Within Nigeria |date=2026-04-15 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A cikin shekarun da kulob ɗin ya yi fice, ACB Lagos ya kasance yana fafatawa da manyan kungiyoyi irin su [[Rangers International F.C.]], [[Stationery Stores F.C.]] da [[BCC Lions F.C.]] a manyan wasannin cikin gida. Duk da cewa ba ta taba lashe babban kofin lig ba, ƙungiyar ta kasance mai ƙarfi kuma mai wahalar doke wa musamman a wasannin da ake bugawa a Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/club/5060/1986_2/Acb_Lagos.html |title=ACB Lagos History and League Performance |website=National Football Teams |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Kulob ɗin ya kuma taimaka wajen haɓaka fitattun 'yan wasan Najeriya da dama. Daga cikin waɗanda suka taɓa bugawa ACB Lagos akwai tsohon mai tsaron ragar Najeriya '''Alloy Agu''', wanda daga baya ya taka leda a Turai da kuma tawagar ƙasar Najeriya ta Super Eagles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloysius_Agu |title=Alloysius Agu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Haka kuma tsohon golan Najeriya '''Willy Okpara''' ya fara shahara ne a ACB Lagos kafin ya koma kulob ɗin [[Orlando Pirates F.C.]] na Afirka ta Kudu, inda ya yi fice sosai a tsawon shekaru masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Okpara |title=Willy Okpara |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Ɗan wasan gefe '''Ndubuisi Okosieme''' shi ma ya taba bugawa ACB Lagos a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 kafin ya koma Turai domin cigaba da sana’arsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndubuisi_Okosieme |title=Ndubuisi Okosieme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1990, ACB Lagos ta shiga cikin gasar ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya lokacin da aka kafa Nigerian Professional League. Sai dai matsalolin kuɗi da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki da suka shafi bankin da ke ɗaukar nauyin ƙungiyar sun rage ƙarfin kulob ɗin. A shekarar 1994 ne aka fitar da ACB Lagos daga babban matakin gasar Najeriya bayan kakar wasa mara kyau inda kulob ɗin ya yi nasara sau biyu kacal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACB_Lagos_F.C. |title=ACB Lagos F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Duk da cewa kulob ɗin ya daina yin tasiri a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya, ACB Lagos har yanzu tana cikin ƙungiyoyin tarihi da suka taimaka wajen kafa tubalin cigaban ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Lagos da Najeriya baki ɗaya. Ana tuna kulob ɗin musamman saboda rawar da ya taka wajen haɓaka hazikan 'yan wasa da kuma gasa mai zafi da yake yi da sauran manyan kulob ɗin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ikorodu-city-make-history-becomes-10th-lagos-based-club-promoted-to-npfl-2024061307204908508 |title=Ikorodu City make history becomes 10th Lagos-based club promoted to NPFL |website=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=2024-06-13 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigerian Premier League]] * [[Rangers International F.C.]] * [[Stationery Stores F.C.]] * [[Lagos]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sport in Lagos]] [[Category:Defunct football clubs in Nigeria]] ```0 o6xg4absb9bon3za5rbgztbsjafgibv 840356 840355 2026-05-26T22:14:19Z Saad Nuhu 43323 840356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''ACB Lagos F.C.''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''ACB FC''') tsohuwar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda ke da hedikwata a birnin [[Lagos]]. Bankin [[African Continental Bank]] ne ya dauki nauyin ƙungiyar, kuma tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka kafa gasar firimiya ta Najeriya a shekarar 1972. Kulob ɗin ya shahara sosai a jihar Legas saboda salon wasansa wanda ya yi kama da na [[Rangers International F.C.]], lamarin da ya sa ake yi masa lakabi da '''“Lagos Rangers.”'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACB_Lagos_F.C. |title=ACB Lagos F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> ACB Lagos ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya a shekarun 1970 zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. Kulob ɗin yana amfani da [[Onikan Stadium]] da ke Lagos a matsayin filin wasansa na gida, kuma ya kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa ta sana'a a Najeriya lokacin da aka fara tsarin gasar ƙwararru a shekarar 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2026/04/15/complete-history-of-the-npfl-36-years-of-nigerian-professional-football/ |title=Complete History of the NPFL: 36 Years of Nigerian Professional Football |website=Within Nigeria |date=2026-04-15 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A cikin shekarun da kulob ɗin ya yi fice, ACB Lagos ya kasance yana fafatawa da manyan kungiyoyi irin su [[Rangers International F.C.]], [[Stationery Stores F.C.]] da [[BCC Lions F.C.]] a manyan wasannin cikin gida. Duk da cewa ba ta taba lashe babban kofin lig ba, ƙungiyar ta kasance mai ƙarfi kuma mai wahalar doke wa musamman a wasannin da ake bugawa a Lagos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/club/5060/1986_2/Acb_Lagos.html |title=ACB Lagos History and League Performance |website=National Football Teams |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Kulob ɗin ya kuma taimaka wajen haɓaka fitattun 'yan wasan Najeriya da dama. Daga cikin waɗanda suka taɓa bugawa ACB Lagos akwai tsohon mai tsaron ragar Najeriya '''Alloy Agu''', wanda daga baya ya taka leda a Turai da kuma tawagar ƙasar Najeriya ta Super Eagles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloysius_Agu |title=Alloysius Agu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Haka kuma tsohon golan Najeriya '''Willy Okpara''' ya fara shahara ne a ACB Lagos kafin ya koma kulob ɗin [[Orlando Pirates F.C.]] na Afirka ta Kudu, inda ya yi fice sosai a tsawon shekaru masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Okpara |title=Willy Okpara |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Ɗan wasan gefe '''Ndubuisi Okosieme''' shi ma ya taba bugawa ACB Lagos a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 kafin ya koma Turai domin cigaba da sana’arsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndubuisi_Okosieme |title=Ndubuisi Okosieme |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A farkon shekarun 1990, ACB Lagos ta shiga cikin gasar ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya lokacin da aka kafa Nigerian Professional League. Sai dai matsalolin kuɗi da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki da suka shafi bankin da ke ɗaukar nauyin ƙungiyar sun rage ƙarfin kulob ɗin. A shekarar 1994 ne aka fitar da ACB Lagos daga babban matakin gasar Najeriya bayan kakar wasa mara kyau inda kulob ɗin ya yi nasara sau biyu kacal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACB_Lagos_F.C. |title=ACB Lagos F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Duk da cewa kulob ɗin ya daina yin tasiri a ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya, ACB Lagos har yanzu tana cikin ƙungiyoyin tarihi da suka taimaka wajen kafa tubalin cigaban ƙwallon ƙafa a jihar Lagos da Najeriya baki ɗaya. Ana tuna kulob ɗin musamman saboda rawar da ya taka wajen haɓaka hazikan 'yan wasa da kuma gasa mai zafi da yake yi da sauran manyan kulob ɗin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ikorodu-city-make-history-becomes-10th-lagos-based-club-promoted-to-npfl-2024061307204908508 |title=Ikorodu City make history becomes 10th Lagos-based club promoted to NPFL |website=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=2024-06-13 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigerian Premier League]] * [[Rangers International F.C.]] * [[Stationery Stores F.C.]] * [[Lagos]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sport in Lagos]] [[Category:Defunct football clubs in Nigeria]] 0kurrsbbddx1yhivx7wabx9qd5f6cda 0 38935 840368 521084 2026-05-27T00:19:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Wikipedia Awareness And Training In Federal University Gusau.jpg|thumb|Wikipedia Awareness a Jami ar Gusau]] [[Fayil:Seal of Zamfara State Government.jpg|thumb|tambarin Zamfara ]] '''Jami’ar Tarayya ta Gusau,''' ko '''Federal University Gusau''' a turan ce, wacce ake taƙaita sunan da '''FUGUS''', dake [[Gusau|Gusau Jahar zamfara]], [[Najeriya]] tana ɗaya daga cikin sabbin jami'o'i 6 na karshe a shekarar 2010. ==Tarihi== ===Ƙuduri=== An, fara aiwatar da kashi na farko na wannan kudiri a watan Fabrairu, 2011, tare da kafa Jami’o’i tara, yayin da kashi na biyu da ya kunshi sauran jami’o’i uku da suka haɗa da Jami’ar Tarayya ta Gusau. ===Kafa jami'ar=== An kafa ta a shekarar 2013, a lokacin Shugaban kasa [[Goodluck Jonathan]].<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.4icu.org/reviews/17736.htm | title =Federal University, Gusau | publisher =uniRank | access-date =27 September 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =https://students.com.ng/federal-university-gusau-zamfara-state-nigeria-brief-intro/ | title =Federal University Gusau Zamfara State Nigeria: Brief Intro | publisher =Students Nigeria | access-date =27 September 2018 | quote =It is a conventional University that took-off with three Faculties viz: Faculty of Humanities and Education, Faculty of Management and Social Science and Faculty of Science. | archive-date =27 September 2018 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180927165127/https://students.com.ng/federal-university-gusau-zamfara-state-nigeria-brief-intro/ | url-status =dead }}</ref> tare da farawa da sassa guda uku, Humanities da Education, Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar zamantakewa, da Kimiyya. == Makarantu da Sashen<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fugusau.edu.ng/|title=FEDERAL UNIVERSITY GUSAU|last=FUGUS|website=www.fugusau.edu.ng|language=en|access-date=2020-04-07|archive-date=2022-03-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313144845/https://www.fugusau.edu.ng/|url-status=dead}}</ref>== {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N ! Makarantar ! Sashen |- | 1. | Dan Adam | # Ilimin Larabci da [[Ilimin Musulunci|Musulunci]] # [[Turanci]] da Adabi # [[Tarihi]] da Nazarin Duniya # Harsuna da Al'adu <nowiki></br></nowiki> |- | 2. | Ilimi | # Gidauniyar Ilimi # Ilimin Kimiyya |- | 3. | Kimiyya | # Kimiyyar Halittu # [[Ilmin duwatsu|Kimiyyar Geological]] # [[Lissafi]] # Physics |- | 4. | Gudanarwa da Kimiyyar zamantakewa | # Accounting/Finance # Gudanar da Kasuwanci # Ilimin tattalin arziki # Gudanar da Jama'a # Kimiyyar Siyasa # [[Kimiyar al'umma|Ilimin zamantakewa]] |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://1push.com.ng/ 1push Naija] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522101111/http://1push.com.ng/ |date=2014-05-22 }} [[Category:Jihar Zamfara]] [[Category: Jami'o'in Gwamnatin Tarayya]] [[Category:2013 Gine-gine a Najeriya]] 2uc6szbuvkq2xjm5u77cs5godw6vldv 0 40997 840403 827722 2026-05-27T06:50:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Tehran Conference, 1943.jpg|thumb]] Wannan '''jerin yaƙe-yaƙe ne da adadin waɗanda suka mutu''' ya haɗa da duk mace-macen da suka faru a wajen yaƙe-yaƙe kai tsaye ko kuwa a fakaice. Waɗannan mace-mace yawanci sun haɗa da mutuwar jami'an sojoji waɗanda suka mutu sakamakon yaƙi kai tsaye ko wasu harkokin yaƙair soja, sannan da kuma mutuwar sojoji a sakamakon annoban da yaƙi ya haifar, yunwa, kisan-kiyashi, kisan kare dangi, da dai sauransu. == Kafin-zamaninmu na yau (kafin shekarar 1500 miladiya) == === Yaƙe-yaƙe na dā (kafin 500 AD) === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- style="background:#CCCC;" ! width=170pt| Ya'''ƙ'''i ! data-sort-type="number" |Jerin mutuwa ! data-sort-type="isoDate" width=95pt|Kwanan wata !Maya'''ƙ'''a !Wuri ! class="unsortable" |Bayanai |- |[[Cyrus the Great|Conquests of Cyrus the Great]] |100,000+ |549 BC–530 BC |Daular Faransa da dumbin kasashe |Gabas ta Tsakiya |Adadin wadanda marubuta sukace sun mutu a wannan yake bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Greco-Persian Wars|Greco–Persian Wars]] |300,000+ |499 BC–449 BC |Babban Birnin Girka da Daular Faransa |Greece | |- |[[Samnite Wars]] |33,500+ |343 BC–290 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma da kuma Samnatawa |Italiya |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar Roma sukace sun mutu a wannan yake bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Wars of Alexander the Great]] |142,000+ |336 BC–323 BC |Daular Macedoniya da Sauran Kasashen Girka don yakar Daular Faransa da wasu kasashe |Gabas ta Tsakiya / Arewacin Afirka / Tsakiyar Asiya / Indiya |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar Girka rubuta sun mutu a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Punic Wars]] |1,250,000–1,850,000 |264 BC–146 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Yammacin Turai / Arewacin Afirka | |- |[[First Punic War]] |400,000+ |264 BC–241 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Kudancin Turai / Arewacin Afirka |– Daga cikin sashin yakin [[Punic Wars]] |- |[[Second Punic War]] |770,000+ |218 BC–201 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Yammacin Turai / Arewacin Afirka |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/romestat.htm#2Punic|title=Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> – Daga cikin sashin yakin [[Punic Wars]] |- |[[Third Punic War]] |150,000–250,000 |149 BC–146 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Daular Carthaginiya |Tunisiya |– Daga cikin sashin yakin [[Punic Wars]] |- |[[Kalinga War]] |150,000–200,000 |262 BC–261 BC |Daular Maurya vs. Kasar Kalinga |Indiya | |- |[[Qin's wars of unification|Qin's Wars of Unification]] |700,000+{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |230 BC–221 BC |Jihohin Qin vs. Jihohin Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu, Qi |China |– Daga cikin [[Warring States period|lokacin gargadin Jihohi]] |- |[[Cimbrian War]] |410,000–650,000 |113 BC–101 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. Cimbri da Teutones |Yammacin Turai |–Daga cikin Yakunan Jamus |- |[[Gallic Wars]] |1,000,000+ |58 BC–50 BC |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. kabilun Gallic |Faransa | |- |[[Boudican Revolt|Iceni Revolt]] |150,000+<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/romestat.htm|title=Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era|website=users.erols.com}}</ref> |60–61 |Jimhoriyar Roma vs. kabilun Gallic |Ingila |Babu tabbacin shekaru – daga cikin yakunan[[Roman conquest of Britain|Mamayewar Burtaniya na Kasar Roma]] |- |[[Jewish–Roman wars|Jewish–Roman Wars]] |1,270,000–2,000,000<ref name="The Jewish Roman Wars">{{Cite web|title=The Jewish Roman Wars|url=http://www.jewishwikipedia.info/romanwars.html|access-date=2020-07-28|website=www.jewishwikipedia.info}}</ref> |66–136 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Gabas ta Tsakiya/Arewacin Afirka |Deaths caused by Roman attempt to permanently root out Judaism included. |- |[[First Jewish–Roman War]] |250,000–1,100,000<ref name="The Jewish Roman Wars"/> |66–73 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Gabas ta Tsakiya |– Daga cikin [[Jewish–Roman wars|yakuna Yahudawa da Rumawa]] |- |[[Kitos War]] |440,000+ |115–117 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Kudancin Turai / Arewacin Afirka |– Wanda kuma akafi sanida Yakin Yahudawa da Rumawa na Biyu <br /> – Daga cikin [[Jewish–Roman wars|yakuna Yahudawa da Rumawa]] |- |[[Bar Kokhba revolt|Bar Kokhba Revolt]] |580,000 |132–136 |Daular Roma vs. Yahudawa |Gabas ta Tsakiya |– Wanda kuma akafi sanida Yakin Yahudawa da Rumawa na Uku <br /> – Daga cikin [[Jewish–Roman wars|yakuna Yahudawa da Rumawa]] |- |[[Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms War]] |36,000,000–40,000,000 |184–280 |Wei vs. Shu vs. Wu |China |<ref name="Robert B. Marks">{{cite book|title=China: Its Environment and History (World Social Change)|author=Robert B. Marks|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|year=2011|isbn=978-1442212756}}</ref><ref name="Graziella Caselli">{{cite book|title=Demography – Analysis and Synthesis: A Treatise in Population|author=Graziella Caselli|publisher=Academic Press|year=2005|isbn=012765660X}}</ref> – A ilimance, wannan lokacin na yakin masarautu uku na nufin lokacin kirkirar jihar Wei a 220 da kuma mamaye yankin Wu da Masarautar Jin sukayi a 280. |- |[[Yellow Turban Rebellion]] |3,000,000–7,000,000 |184–205 |Peasants da Gabashin Han China |China |– Daga cikin yakin [[Three Kingdoms|Three Kingdoms War]] |- |[[Sixteen Kingdoms|Wars of the Sixteen Kingdoms]] |150,000+<br />{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |304–439 |Jihohin Arewacin China |Arewacin China |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar China suka rubuta a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Huns|Hunnic Reclaims]] |165,000+<br />{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} |395–453 |Daular Roma da Daular Hunnic |Turai |Adadin wadanda marubutan kasar Roma suka rubuta a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |} Note 1: The geometric mean is the middle of the quoted range, taken by multiplying together the endpoints and then taking the square root. === Yaƙunan shekarun baya (500–1500 AD) === '''''La'akari: ba'a iya tantance cikakkun bayanai akan wani yaki a wasu lokutab, sannan wasu yakunan sun wanzu har tsawon rayuwar mutane, misali.''''' "[[Reconquista]]" (711–1492, shekaru 781) "[[Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent|Mamayer Musulmai a kasashen Indiya]]" (12th zuwa 16th c., tsawon shekaru 500) "[[Crusades]]" (kamfe goma ko fiye da haka a tsakanin 1095–1291, tsawon shekaru 196), "[[Mongol invasions and conquests|Harin Mongol da mamaye yankin]]" (1206–1368, tsawon shekaru), "[[early Muslim conquests|Mamayewar Musulunci na baya baya]]" (622–750, tsawon shekaru 128), "[[Hundred Years' War|Yakin shekaru dari]]" (1337–1453, tsawon shekaru 115). {| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- style="background:#CCCC;" ! style="width:24%;" | Ya'''ƙi''' ! data-sort-type="number" |Rayukan da aka rasa ! data-sort-type="isoDate" |Kwanan wata !Maya'''ƙa''' !Wuri ! class="unsortable" |Bayanai |- |- |[[Arab–Byzantine wars|Arab–Byzantine Wars]] |2,000,000+{{cn|date=December 2022}} |629–1050 |Daular Banzantaniya da abokanta vs. Daular Musulunci da abokanta |Gabas ta Tsakiya/ Arewacin Afirka / Kudancin Turai |Adadin wadanda marubutan suka rubuta a wannan yaki bai hada da mace-macen farar hula ba, asalin adadin zai iya fin haka. |- |[[Reconquista]] |7,000,000 |711–1492 |Jihohin Spaniya da Portugal vs. Jihohin Musulmai |Iberian Peninsula |<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rationalist's Manual|last1=Aletheia|date=1897}}</ref> |- |[[Goguryeo–Sui War]] |300,000+ |598–614 |Daular Sui China da Masarautar Goguryeo |China, Korea |<ref>{{cite book|title=Book of Sui|date=636}}</ref> |- |[[An Lushan Rebellion]] |13,000,000–36,000,000 |755–763 |Daular Tang China da Daular Musulunci vs. Jihohin Yan |China |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#AnLushan|title=Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref> – An kuma sanshi a matsayin Tawayen An–Shi |- |[[Goryeo–Khitan War]]s |90,000+ |993–1019 |Daular Liao vs. Daular Goryeo |Korea |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=200000000&docId=1066517&categoryId=200000329|title=귀주대첩 [네이버 지식백과] 귀주대첩 [龜州大捷] (두산백과)|work=Naver|access-date=4 July 2013}}</ref> |- |[[Song–Đại Việt war]] |600,000+ |1075–1077 |Daular Song vs. Masarautar Dai Viet karkashi Daular [[Lý dynasty]] |China, Vietnam |<ref name="Chapuis77">{{Harvnb|Chapuis|1995|page=77}}</ref><ref>''Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian''《長編》卷三百上載出師兵員“死者二十萬”，“上曰：「朝廷以交址犯順，故興師討罪，郭逵不能剪滅，垂成而還。今廣源瘴癘之地，我得之未為利，彼失之未為害，一夫不獲，朕尚閔之，况十死五六邪？」又安南之師，死者二十萬，朝廷當任其咎。《續資治通鑑長編·卷三百》”。 《越史略》載廣西被殺者“無慮十萬”。 《玉海》卷一九三上稱“兵夫三十萬人冒暑涉瘴地，死者過半”。</ref> |- |[[Crusades]] |1,000,000–3,000,000 |1095–1291 |Asalin Masarautar Banzantaniya vs. Daular Seljuq, amma daga bisani ya sauya zuwa yaki tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmai. |Turai / Gabas ta Tsakiya ("[[Holy Land]]") |<ref>Robertson, John M., "A Short History of Christianity" (1902) p.278. [http://users.rcn.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#Crusades Cited by White]</ref> |- |[[Albigensian Crusade]] |200,000–1,000,000 |1208–1229 |Jihohin Papal da Faransa vs. Jihohin Cathar |Faransa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Crusades|title=Crusades (1095-1291)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120172908/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897752-2,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 20, 2008|title=Massacre of the Pure|date=April 28, 1961|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> – An kuma san yakin a matsayin Cathar Crusade – Daga cikin [[Crusades]] |- |[[Mongol invasions and conquests]] |30,000,000–40,000,000 |1206–1368 |Daular Mungoliya vs. sauran jihohin Eurashiya da dama |Eurasia |<ref name="McEvedy&Jones1978">{{cite book|title=Atlas of World Population History|last1=McEvedy|first1=Colin|last2=Jones|first2=Richard M.|date=1978|publisher=Puffin|isbn=9780140510768|location=New York, NY|page=[https://archive.org/details/atlasofworldpopu00mcev/page/172 172]|url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofworldpopu00mcev/page/172}}</ref><ref>Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in ''Études Song'', Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Mongol|title=Mongol Conquests|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref> – banda (kusan) mutuwar mutum 200,000,000 na [[Black Death migration]] wanda ke da alaƙa da fadada ƙasar Mongoliya |- |[[Wars of Scottish Independence]] |60,000–150,000 |1296–1357 |Scotland vs. England |Scotland / England | |- |[[Hundred Years' War]] |2,300,000–3,300,000 |1337–1453 |House of Valois vs. House of Plantagenet |Yammacin Turai |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#100yrs|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Historical Body Count|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> |- |[[Timur|Conquests of Timur]] |8,000,000–20,000,000 |1370–1405 |Daular Timurid vs. da dumbin kasashen gabasa ta tsakiya |Eurasia |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Timur|title=Timur Lenk (1369–1405)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Asian|title=Miscellaneous Oriental Atrocities|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref> |- |[[Wars of the Roses]] |35,000–105,000 |1455–1487 |House of Lancaster, House of Tudor, da abokansu vs. House of York da abokansu |England / Wales |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wars.findthedata.com/l/203/Wars-of-the-Roses|title=War Statistics – Death Tolls, Length, and More|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310005448/http://wars.findthedata.com/l/203/Wars-of-the-Roses|archive-date=10 March 2017}}</ref> |} == Na zamani == === Yakunan Zamani (shekaru 1500AD zuwa yau) wanda aka rasa rayuka fiye da 25,000 === {| class="sortable wikitable" style="width:100%;" |+ |- style="background:#CCCC;" ! style="width:24%;" | War ! data-sort-type="number" |Death<br />range ! data-sort-type="isoDate" |Date !Combatants ! Location ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |[[Ottoman–Habsburg wars#War in the Mediterranean|Mediterranean War]] |900,000–1,000,000 |1470–1574 |Jimhorriyar Venice, Spaniya, Jimhoriyyar Genoa, Jihohin Papal, Duchy of Savoy, da kuma Order of Saint John vs. Daular Ottoman |Mediterranean |<ref name="remilitari" /> |- |[[Italian Wars]] |300,000–400,000 |1494–1559 |Masarautar Roma, Spaniya, da wasu jihohin Italiya vs. Faransa, Daular Ottoman, da wasu jihohi Italiya |Kudancin Turai (mafi akasari) |<ref name="remilitari" /> – ana kuma kiran yakin da Great Wars of Italy |- |[[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire]] |24,300,000+ |1519–1632 |Daular Spaniya vs. Daular Aztec |Mexico |<ref name="remilitari">{{Cite web|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario9.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com}}</ref> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da farin [[Cocoliztli epidemics|cocoliztli plagues]] |- |[[Spanish conquest of Yucatán]] |1,460,000+ |1519–1595 |Dauar Spaniya vs. Jihohin Mayan |Arewacin Amurka |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtuka |- |[[Spanish conquest of Nicaragua]] |575,000+ |1522–1536 |Daular Spaniya vs. mutanen kasar Nicaragua |Nicaragua |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtukan Turai |- |[[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire]] |8,400,000+ |1533–1572 |Daular Spaniya vs. Daular Inca |Peru |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtukan Turai |- |[[Campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent]] |200,000+ |1521–1566 |Daular Ottoman vs. sauran garurywan Balkan, Afirka, da kasashen Larabawa |Gabashin Turai / Gabas ta Tsakiya/ Arewacin Afirka |<ref name="Nash" /> |- |[[German Peasants' War]] |100,000+ |1524–1525 |German Peasants vs. Swabian League |Jamus |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Psnt1524|title=Peasants' War, Germany (1524-25)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> – Ana kuma kiranda da "Great Peasants War" |- |[[Arauco War]] |125,000–142,000 |1550–1790 |Daular Spaniya vs. Mapuches |Chile |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Sashin mulkin mallakan Turawa a Amurka, wanda ya hada da cututtukan Turai |- |[[French Wars of Religion]] |2,000,000–4,000,000 |1562–1598 |'Yan zanga-zanga vs. Faransa vs. Kiristocin Katolika |Faransa |<ref>{{cite book |last=Knecht |first=Robert J. |date=2002 |title=The French Religious Wars 1562–1598 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |pages=[https://archive.org/details/frenchreligiousw00knec_0/page/91 91] |isbn=9781841763958 |url=https://archive.org/details/frenchreligiousw00knec_0/page/91 }}</ref> – Ana kuma kiransa da "Yakin Huguenot" |- |[[Eighty Years' War]] |600,000–700,000 |1568–1648 |Dutch Republic, England, and France vs. Spanish Empire |Northern Europe (primarily) |<ref name="remilitari" /> – Also known as the Dutch War of Independence |- |[[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)]] |138,285+ |1585–1604 |Spanish Empire and allies vs. Kingdom of England and allies |Europe / Americas |'''English'''<br />88,285<ref>{{cite book|title=This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKL6nADScBkC&pg=PA262|isbn = 978-0300180886|last1 = Carlton|first1 = Charles|date = 2011-11-22}}</ref><br />'''Scots/Irish'''<br />50,000 |- |[[Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)|Japanese invasions of Korea]] |1,000,000+ |1592–1598 |Kingdom of Great Joseon and Ming China vs. Japan |Korea |<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Japanese Invasion of Korea — 1592 |last=Jones |first=Geo H. |date=1899 |url=http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/4778c624c169aafe0710b922b29f7104.pdf |pages=234 |volume=23 |issue=5 |journal=The China Review |quote=Thus ended for a time one of the bloodiest wars in history. During the two years and more the loss of life was frightful; nothing remains upon which to base a reliable estimate, but the War Monument at Kiuto, and the accounts of such battles as Kyong-chu, Choung-chu, Haing chu, the Im Chiu River, Pyongyang, Yenan, the massacre at Söul, Ulsan and Chiu-chu, and fifty other engagements would make a million lives a conservative estimate. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710001136/http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/4778c624c169aafe0710b922b29f7104.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-10 |access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref><ref name="remilitari" /> |- |[[Nine Years' War (Ireland)]] |130,000+ |1593–1603 |[[List of participants in the Nine Years' War|Irish rebels]] vs [[Kingdom of England]] |[[Ireland]] |<ref name="remilitari" /> |- |[[Transition from Ming to Qing]] |25,000,000+ |1616–1683 |Qing China vs. Ming China vs. [[Shun dynasty]] China ([[Li Zicheng]]) vs. Xi dynasty China ([[Zhang Xianzhong]] vs. Kingdom of Shu ([[She-An Rebellion]]) vs. [[Evenks|Evenk]]-[[Daur people|Daur]] federation ([[Bombogor (chief)|Bombogor]]) |China |<ref>McFarlane, Alan: ''The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap'', Blackwell 2003, {{ISBN|0-631-18117-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-631-18117-0}} – cited by [http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#Manchu17c White]</ref> – Also known as the Ming–Qing transition |- |[[Thirty Years' War]] |4,000,000–12,000,000 |1618–1648 |Pro-Habsburg states vs. Anti-Habsburg states |Europe |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/pre1700a.htm#30YrW|title=The Thirty Years War (1618-48) |website=Necrometrics |first=Matthew |last=White}}</ref> |- |[[Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)]] |200,000+ |1635–1659 |France and allies vs. Spain and allies |Western Europe |<ref name="Nash" /><ref name="clodfelter" /> |- |[[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] |876,000+ |1639–1651 |Royalists vs. Covenanters vs.Union of the Irish vs. Scottish Protestants vs. Parliamentarians |British Isles |<ref name="Carlton-211">{{Harvnb|Carlton|2002|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVugNXnVrVAC&pg=PP10 p. 211]}}.</ref><ref name="Carlton-212">{{Harvnb|Carlton|2002|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVugNXnVrVAC&pg=PP10 p. 212]}}.</ref><ref name="Carlton-213">{{Harvnb|Carlton|2002|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tVugNXnVrVAC&pg=PP10 p. 213]}}.</ref> – Also known as the British Civil Wars |- |[[Portuguese Restoration War]] |80,000 |1640–1668 |Portugal, France, and England vs. Spain |Iberian Peninsula | |- | [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] [[Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War|(outline)]] | 200,000+ | 2014–present | Russia vs. Ukraine | Ukraine | Estimates of deaths vary widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/reliable-death-tolls-from-the-ukraine-war-are-hard-to-come-by-the-result-of-undercounts-and-manipulation-179905|title=Reliable death tolls from the Ukraine war are hard to come by – the result of undercounts and manipulation|first=Neta C.|last=Crawford|website=The Conversation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/counting-the-dead-in-ukraine/|title=Counting the Dead in Ukraine|first=Sanjana|last=Varghese|date=May 4, 2022}}</ref> |- |[[English Civil War]] |211,830+ |1642–1651 |Royalists vs. Parliamentarians |England, Scotland, and Ireland |Part of the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] |- |[[Cretan War (1645–1669)|Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War]] |72,000 |1645–1669 |Republic of Venice vs. Ottoman Empire |Candia, Crete, Dalmatia and Aegean Sea | |- |[[Deluge (history)|Deluge]] |3,000,000 |[[Second Northern War|1655–1660]] or [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]]-[[Truce of Andrusovo|1667]] |Primarily [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] vs. [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]] and [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]] |[[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Grabieże szwedzkie w Polsce (1). Przyczyny, charakterystyka i skutki |url=http://www.nimoz.pl/pl/wydawnictwa/czasopisma/cenne-bezcenne-utracone-archiwum/2005-1/nr-32005/grabieze-szwedzkie-w-polsce-1-przyczyny-charakterystyka-i-skutki |access-date=2023-01-13 |archive-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920110844/http://nimoz.pl/pl/wydawnictwa/czasopisma/cenne-bezcenne-utracone-archiwum/2005-1/nr-32005/grabieze-szwedzkie-w-polsce-1-przyczyny-charakterystyka-i-skutki |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Mughal–Maratha Wars]] |5,000,000+ |1658–1707 |Maratha empire vs. Mughal Empire |India-Bangladesh |<ref>{{cite book|author=Matthew White|year=2011|title=Atrocitology: Humanity's 100 Deadliest Achievements|publisher=[[Canongate Books]] |page=113|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5w9qmd1UeMC&pg=PP113|author-link=Matthew White (historian)|isbn=9780857861252}}</ref><ref>Matthew White (2011), Aurangzeb - in ''Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History'', W.W. Norton & Co., {{ISBN|978-0393081923}}</ref> |- |[[Franco-Dutch War]] |342,000 |1672–1678 |France and allies vs. Dutch Republic and allies |Western Europe |Also known as the Dutch War |- |[[Great Turkish War]] |380,000+ |1683–1699 |Ottoman Empire vs. European Holy League |Eastern Europe |<ref name="Nash" /> – Also known as the War of the Holy League |- |[[Nine Years' War]] |680,000+ |1688–1697 |France vs. [[Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg)|League of Augsburg]] (Dutch, Habsburgs, England, Scotland, Spain and others) |Global (mainly Europe) |<ref>Levy, Jack S (1983). ''War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495 to 1975.'' University Press of Kentucky. Page 90.</ref> |- |[[Great Northern War]] |350,000+ |1700–1721 |Russia and allies vs. Swedish Empire |Eastern Europe |Sweden, the Swedish Baltic provinces, and Finland, together, with a population of only 2.5 million, lost some 350,000 dead during the war from all causes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm#North1700|title=Northern War (1700-21)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> |- |[[War of the Spanish Succession]] |400,000–1,250,000 |1701–1714 |Grand Alliance vs. Bourbon Alliance |Europe / Americas |<ref name="Nash" /> |- |[[Maratha invasions of Bengal|Maratha expeditions in Bengal]] |400,000+ |1741–1751 |Maratha Empire vs. Nawab of Bengal |India, Bangladesh |<ref name="Marshall73">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIZrfokYSY8C&pg=PA73|title=Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828|author=P. J. Marshall|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|page=73|author-link=P. J. Marshall|isbn=9780521028226}}</ref><ref name="Chaudhuri253">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xt7Fgzq9e8C&pg=PA253|title=The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660-1760|author=Kirti N. Chaudhuri|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|page=253|author-link=Kirti N. Chaudhuri|isbn=9780521031592}}</ref> |- |[[Seven Years' War]] |868,000–1,400,000 |1756–1763 |Great Britain and allies vs. France and Allies |Worldwide | |- |[[Sino-Burmese War]] |70,000+ |1765–1769 |Burma vs. Qing China |Southeast Asia |– Also known as the Qing invasions of Burma |- |[[Tây Sơn dynasty|Tây Sơn rebellion]] |1,200,000–2,000,000+ |1771–1802 |Tây Sơn rebels then dynasty (British supports) and [[Pirates of the South China Coast|Chinese pirates]] vs [[Nguyễn lords]], [[Trịnh lords]], [[Lê dynasty]] of Vietnam; [[Siam]]; [[Qing dynasty]] of China; Kingdom of [[Vientiane]]; [[France|French]] army. |Southeast Asia | |- |[[American Revolutionary War]] |70,000-116,000 |1775–1783 |United States and allies vs. British Empire and German Mercenaries |Worldwide |37,324 battle dead, all sides, all theaters.<ref name="Nash" /><ref name="Howard H. Peckham 1974">{{cite book |editor-first=Howard H. |editor-last=Peckham |title=The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |date=1974}}</ref><ref name="frenchcasualtiesrevolution">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3r-us.org/history/rosters/frgraves.htm|title=The 2112 Frenchmen who died in the United States from 1777 to 1783 while fighting for the American Independence|last1=Dawson|first1=Warrington|website=Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route|publisher=Journal de la societe des Americanistes|access-date=4 June 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170605125852/http://www.w3r-us.org/history/rosters/frgraves.htm|archive-date=5 June 2017}}</ref><ref name="Necrometrics">{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm#AmRev|title=Spanish casualties in The American Revolutionary war.|publisher=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref name="Annual Register, 1783">[https://books.google.com/books?id=p7T9O3aNmVoC&pg=PA199 Annual Register, 1783] (1785), pp. 199–200.</ref> – Also known as the American War of Independence |- |[[White Lotus Rebellion]] |100,000+ |1794–1804 |Qing China vs. White Lotus rebels |China | |- |[[French campaign in Egypt and Syria]] |65,000+ |1798–1801 |France vs. Ottoman Empire and Great Britain |Middle East / North Africa |<ref name="Nash" /> |- |[[Saint-Domingue expedition]] |135,000+ |1802–1803 |France vs. Haiti and UK |Haiti |<ref name="clodfelter" /> – Part of the [[Haitian Revolution]] |- |[[Napoleonic Wars]] |3,500,000–7,000,000 |1803–1815 |Coalition powers vs. French empire and allies |Worldwide |See: [[Napoleonic Wars casualties]] |- |[[Peninsular War]] |1,000,000+ |1808–1814 |Spain, Portugal and United Kingdom vs. France, Kingdom of Italy and Duchy of Warsaw |Iberian Peninsula |<ref name="clodfelter" /> – Part of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] |- |[[Spanish American wars of independence]] |600,000+ |1808–1833 |Spain vs. American Independentists |Americas |<ref name="remilitari6">{{Cite web|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario6.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com}}</ref> |- |[[Venezuelan War of Independence]] |228,000+ |1810–1823 |Spain vs. Venezuelan states |Venezuela |– Part of [[Spanish American Wars of Independence]] |- |[[Mfecane]] |1,000,000–2,000,000 |1810s–1840s |Ethnic communities in southern Africa |Modern day [[South Africa]] |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historynet.com/shaka-zulu-chieftain.htm |title=Shaka: Zulu Chieftain |website=HistoryNet.com |date=June 12, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hanson|first=Victor |title=Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGr16-CxpH8C|date=18 December 2007|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-307-42518-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Walter|first=Eugene Victor |title=Terror and resistance: a study of political violence, with case studies of some primitive African communities|url=https://archive.org/details/terrorresistance0000walt|url-access=registration|year=1969|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref name="Wright1988">{{cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=John |last2=Cobbing |first2=Julian |date=1988-09-12 |title=The Mfecane: Beginning the inquest |url=http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/10263 |journal=Wits Institutional Repository African Studies Institute - Seminar Papers |access-date=2023-01-13 |archive-date=2019-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224055507/http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/10263 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[French invasion of Russia]] |540,000+ |1812 |French Empire vs. Russia |Russia |<ref name="Nash" /> – Part of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] |- |[[Carlist Wars]] |200,000+ |1820–1876 |Carlist Insurgents vs. Spain |Spain |<ref name="remilitari6" /> |- |[[Greek War of Independence]] |170,000+ |1821–1831 |Greek Revolutionaries vs. Ottoman Empire |Greece | |- |[[French conquest of Algeria]] |595,665–1,095,665 |1830–1903 |France vs. Algerian resistance |Algeria |Between 500,000 and 1,000,000, from approximately 3 million Algerians, were killed in the first three decades of the conquest.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jalata|first=Asafa|title=Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCjxCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|date=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-1-137-55234-1|pages=92–3|quote=Within the first three decades, the French military massacred between half a million to one million from approximately three million Algerian people.}}</ref><ref name="Kiernan2007">{{cite book|last=Kiernan|first=Ben|author-link=Ben Kiernan|title=Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326|url-access=registration|year=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-10098-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bloodan_kie_2007_00_0326/page/364 364]–ff|quote=In Algeria, colonization and genocidal massacres proceeded in tandem. From 1830 to 1847, its European settler population quadrupled to 104,000. Of the native Algerian population of approximately 3 million in 1830, about 500,000 to 1 million perished in the first three decades of French conquest.}}</ref> French losses from 1830 to 1851 were 92,329 dead from disease and only 3,336 killed in action.<ref name="clodfelter" /><ref>{{cite book|title=The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nXl7h8i5scC&pg=PA42|isbn=9780521524322|last1=Bennoune|first1=Mahfoud|date=2002-08-22|page=42}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=French Conquest of Algeria (1829–47)|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm#Algeria1830}}</ref> |- |[[Taiping Rebellion]] |20,000,000–70,000,000 |1850–1864 |Qing China vs. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom |China |<ref name="Gruhl">{{cite book|last1=Gruhl|first1=Werner|title=Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931 - 1945|date=2007|publisher=Transaction Publishers|page=181|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ow5Wlmu9MPQC&pg=PA181|isbn=9780765803528}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Zhongguo Renkou Shi|trans-title=A History of China's Population|last=Cao|first=Shuji|publisher=Fudan Daxue Chubanshe|year=2001|location=Shanghai|pages=455, 509|language=zh}}</ref><ref>Hans Bielenstein. Chinese historical demography A.D. 2-1982. Östasiatiska museet. p 17</ref> – Also known as the Taiping Civil War |- |[[Crimean War]] |356,000–615,000 |1853–1856 |Ottoman Empire and allies vs. Russia |Crimean Peninsula | |- |[[Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)]] |1,000,000+ |1854–1856 |Qing China vs. Red Turban rebels |China | |- |[[Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)|Miao Rebellion]] |4,900,000 {{cn|date=November 2021}} |1854–1873 |Qing China vs. Miao |China |Also known as the Qian rebellion |- |[[Punti–Hakka Clan Wars]] |500,000–1,000,000+ |1855-1868 |Hakka vs. Punti |China | |- |[[Panthay Rebellion]] |890,000–1,000,000 |1856–1873 |Qing China vs. Hui |China |– Also known as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion |- |[[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] |800,000–1,000,000 |1857–1858 |Sepoy Mutineers vs. British East India Company |India |<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Randeep |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/24/india.randeepramesh |title=India's secret history: 'A holocaust, one where millions disappeared...' |work=The Guardian |date=24 August 2007}}</ref> – Also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the Indian First War of Independence |- |[[American Civil War]] |650,000–1,000,000 |1861–1865 |Union States vs. Confederate States |USA |<ref>[http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/recounting-the-dead/ Recounting the dead], Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "''estimates, based on Census data, indicate that the death toll was at least 750,000, and may have been as high as 850,000''" (study refers only to military casualties)</ref><ref>James M. McPherson, "Battle Cry of Freedom", Oxford University Press, Oct 24, 2003, page 619. "Suffering and death were widespread, nevertheless, and a fair estimate of war-related civilian deaths might total 50,000".</ref><ref>Professor James Downs. [http://blog.oup.com/2012/04/black-white-demographic-death-toll-civil-war/ "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War".] Oxford University Press, April 13th 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, "New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll," reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties... the rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from [war-related diseases and starvation], but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources... tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths".</ref> |- |[[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|Dungan Revolt]] |8,000,000–20,000,000 |1862–1877 |Qing China vs. Hui vs. Kashgaria |China |– Also known as the Tongzhi Hui Revolt |- |[[Second French intervention in Mexico|French intervention in Mexico]] |49,287+ |1862–1867 |Mexican Republicans vs. France and Mexican Empire |Mexico |<ref name="clodfelter" /> |- |[[War of the Triple Alliance|Paraguayan War]] |300,000–1,200,000 |1864–1870 |Triple alliance vs. Paraguay |South America |<ref>{{cite book|last=Doratioto|first=Francisco|title=Maldita guerra: nova história da Guerra do Paraguai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OfQca2PPOgMC|access-date=19 June 2015|date=2003|publisher=Companhia das Letras|isbn=978-85-359-0224-2|pages=445–446}}</ref> – Also known as the War of the Triple Alliance |- |[[Austro-Prussian War]] |40,000+ |1866 |Austrian states vs. German states |Central Europe | |- |[[Ten Years' War]] |241,000+ |1868–1878 |Spain vs. Cuba and Dominican volunteers<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foner |first1=Philip S. |title=Antonio Maceo: The "Bronze Titan" of Cuba's Struggle for Independence |date=1989 |publisher=NYU Press|quote=With reinforcements and guidance from the Dominicans, the rebels defeated Spanish detachments, cut railway lines, and gained dominance over vast sections of the eastern portion of the island.|page=21}}</ref> |Cuba |<ref name="clodfelter" /> – Also known as the Great War |- |[[Franco-Prussian War]] |433,571+ |1870–1871 |France vs. German states |France and Prussia | |- |[[Conquest of the Desert]] |30,000–35,000 |1870s–1884 |Argentina vs. Mapuche people |Patagonia | |- |[[Aceh War]] |97,000–107,000 |1873–1914 |Kingdom of the Netherlands vs. Aceh Sultanate |Indonesia |<ref>{{cite book |last=Vickers |first=Adrian |year=2005 |title=A History of Modern Indonesia |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/13 13] |isbn=0-521-54262-6}}</ref> – Also known as the Infidel War |- |[[First Sino-Japanese War|First Sino–Japanese War]] |48,311+ |1894–1895 |Qing China vs. Japan |East Asia | |- |[[Cuban War of Independence]] |362,000+ |1895–1898 |USA and Cuba vs. Spain |Cuba |<ref name="clodfelter" /> |- |[[War of Canudos]] |30,000+ |1896-1897 |First Brazilian Republic vs. Canudos inhabitants |Brazil | |- |[[Thousand Days' War]] |120,000+ |1899–1902 |Colombian Conservatives vs. Colombian Liberals |Colombia |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1212827.stm|title=Colombia Timeline|last1=BBC|date=14 August 2012 |access-date=11 May 2016}}</ref> |- |[[Boxer Rebellion]] |100,000 |1899–1901 |Boxers vs. Foreign powers |China | |- |[[Second Boer War|South African War (Second Boer War)]] |73,000–90,000 |1899-1902 |United Kingdom and allies vs. South African Republic and Orange Free State |South Africa |<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title = South African War |encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Britannica |date = December 11, 2017 |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/South-African-War}}</ref> |- |[[Philippine–American War]] |234,000+ |1899–1912 |Philippines vs. USA |Philippines |<ref>{{cite journal |title=War-Related Deaths in the Philippines, 1898-1902 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |last=Gates |first=John M. |doi=10.2307/3639234 |volume=53 |issue=3 |date=August 1984 |pages=367–378|jstor=3639234 |pmid=11635503 }}</ref> – Also known as the Philippine War |- |[[Russo-Japanese War]] |101,300–206,100 |1904–1905 |Russia vs. Japan |Northeast Asia | |- |[[Mexican Revolution]] |500,000–2,000,000 |1910–1920 |In reality, a full blown Civil War with multiple sides |Mexico |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hist.umn.edu/~rmccaa/missmill/|title=Missing Millions: The human cost of the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1921 |last=McCaa |first=Robert |year=2001}}</ref> |- |[[1911 Revolution]] |220,000 |1911 |Qing China vs. Revolutionaries |China | |- |[[Balkan Wars]] |140,000+ |1912–1913 |See [[Balkan Wars|Balkan wars]] |Balkan Peninsula | |- |[[World War I]] |16,000,000–40,000,000+ (the higher estimate also includes the first victims of the related [[Spanish flu]] epidemic who died by the end of 1918. Neither includes the subsequent [[Russian Civil War]]) |1914–1918 |Allied Powers vs. Central Powers |Worldwide |<ref name="Nash" /> – Also known as the Great War |- |[[Russian Civil War]] |5,000,000–9,000,000 |1917–1922 |Red army and allies vs. White army and allies |Russia |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/RUScivilwar.htm |title=Russian Civil War |publisher=Spartacus-Educational.com |access-date=2019-02-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205201225/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUScivilwar.htm |archive-date=2010-12-05 }}</ref> |- |[[Kurdish separatism in Iran]] |15,000–58,000 |1918–present |[[Qajar dynasty]] vs. [[Shekak (tribe)]] |Iran |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/irankurds-1943-present/|title=Iran/Kurds (1943-present)|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125083945/http://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/irankurds-1943-present/|archive-date=25 January 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br /> |- |[[Iraqi–Kurdish conflict]] |138,800–320,100 |1918–2003 |Kurdistan/Iraqi Kurdistan and allies vs. Iraq and allies |Iraq |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c100k.htm#Kurdistan2|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Lortz |first=Michael G. |date=2005 |title=Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces — the Peshmerga — from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq |type=MA |publisher=Florida State University |url=https://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu:175614/datastream/PDF/view |access-date=12 May 2018 |oclc=64130374 |archive-date=27 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727174333/http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3203&context=etd |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Rif War]] |90,000 |1921–1926 |Spain vs. [[Republic of the Rif]] |Morocco |<ref name="remilitari4"/> |- |[[Kurdish–Turkish conflict]] |100,000+ |1921–present |Turkey vs. Kurdish people |Middle East | |- |[[Pacification of Libya|Second Italo-Senussi War]] |40,000+ |1923–1932 |Italy vs. Senussi Order |Libya | |- |[[Chinese Civil War]] |8,000,000–{{nts|11692000}} |1927–1949 |ROC vs. PRC |China |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls |website=Necrometrics |first=Matthew |last=White |access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- |[[Chaco War]] |85,000–130,000 |1932–1935 |Bolivia vs. Paraguay |[[Gran Chaco]] | |- |[[Second Italo–Ethiopian War]] |278,000+ |1935–1936 |Ethiopian Empire vs. Italy |Ethiopia |According to Italian government statistics, the Italians suffered 1,148 [[killed in action|KIA]], 125 DOW, and 31 [[missing in action|MIA]].<ref name="Ofcansky">{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WU92d6sB8JAC&pg=PA234 |last1=Shinn |first1=David H. |last2=Ofcansky |first2=Thomas P. |isbn=9780810874572 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |date=2013 |page=234}}</ref> According to the Ethiopian government, at least 275,000 Ethiopians died in the brief war.<ref name="Ofcansky" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm#Eth35|title=Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century|website=Necrometrics}}</ref> – Also known as the Second Italo–Abyssinian War |- |[[Spanish Civil War]] |500,000–1,000,000 |1936–1939 |Nationalists vs. Republicans |Spain |<ref name="clodfelter">{{cite book|title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015, 4th ed.|last1=Clodfelter|first1=M |date=2017|publisher=McFarland}}</ref> |- |[[Second Sino-Japanese War]] |20,000,000–25,000,000 |1937–1945 |Republic of China and allies vs. Japan |China |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/nuclear_01.shtml|title=World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan|publisher=BBC|last=Anderson |first=Duncan|date=2011-02-17}}</ref> – Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[World War II]] |85,000,000 |1939–1945 |[[Allies of World War II|Allied powers]] vs. [[Axis Powers]] |Worldwide |<ref name="Nash">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KglCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA775|title=Darkest Hours|last1=Nash|date=1976|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781590775264}}</ref> – Largest and deadliest war in history |- |[[Winter War]] |153,736–194,837 |1939–1940 |Finland vs. Soviet Union |Finland |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[Greco-Italian War]] |27,000+ |1940–1941 |Greece vs. Italy |Southeast Europe |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[Continuation War]] |387,300+ |1941–1944 |Finland and Germany vs. Soviet Union |Northern Europe |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[Soviet–Japanese War]] |33,420–95,768 |1945 |Soviet Union and Mongolia vs. Japan |Manchuria |– Part of [[World War II]] |- |[[First Indochina War]] |400,000+ |1946–1954 |France vs. [[Việt Minh]], Lao Assara, and Khmer Issarak |Southeast Asia |– Also known as the Indochina War |- |[[Partition of India]] |200,000–2,000,000 |1946–1948 |India and Pakistan |South Asia |[[Partition of India]] |- |[[Greek Civil War]] |158,000+ |1946–1949 |Greek Government army vs. DSE |Greece |<ref>{{cite book |title=A New Kind of War |last=Jones |first=Howard |date=1989 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=9780195045819}}</ref><ref>Edgar O'Ballance, The Greek Civil War : 1944–1949 (1966)</ref><ref>T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996)</ref><ref>"B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997)</ref> |- |[[Malagasy Uprising]] |11,342–89,000 |1947–1948 |France vs. Malagasy Insurgents |[[Madagascar]] |<ref name="chiffres2">{{cite news|url=http://africamix.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/03/29/madagascar-se-souvient-de-linsurrection-de-1947-et-des-massacres-du-corps-expeditionnaire-francais/|title=Madagascar se souvient de l'insurrection de 1947 et des massacres du corps expéditionnaire français|date=28 February 1989|newspaper=Le Monde|access-date=13 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215202258/http://africamix.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/03/29/madagascar-se-souvient-de-linsurrection-de-1947-et-des-massacres-du-corps-expeditionnaire-francais/|archive-date=15 December 2013|url-status=dead|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="Fremigacci">Jean Fremigacci, "La vérité sur la grande révolte de Madagascar," ''L'Histoire'', n°318, March 2007.</ref> |- |[[Kashmir conflict]] |80,000–110,000 |1947–present |India vs. Pakistan |North India / Pakistan | |- |[[La Violencia]] |192,700–194,700 |1948–1958 |Colombian Conservative Party vs. Colombian Liberal Party |Colombia | |- |[[Internal conflict in Myanmar]] |130,000–250,000 |1948–present |Myanmar vs. Burmese Insurgent Groups |Myanmar |<ref name="umass">{{cite web|url=http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf|title=Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011224313/http://www.peri.umass.edu/fileadmin/pdf/dpe/modern_conflicts/death_tolls.pdf|archive-date=2008-10-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Arab–Israeli conflict]] |116,074+ |1948–present |Arab Countries vs. Israel |Middle East |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/total-casualties-arab-israeli-conflict |title=Vital Statistics: Total Casualties, Arab-Israeli Conflict (1860–Present) |website=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref> |- |[[Annexation of Hyderabad]] |29,000–242,000 |1948 |Dominion of India vs. Hyderabad |India |– Also known as Operation Polo |- |[[Korean War]] |1,500,000–4,500,000 |1950–1953 |South Korea and allies vs. North Korea and allies |Korea |<ref>{{cite web|last=Lacina|first=Bethany|url=https://files.prio.org/ReplicationData/BattleDeathsDataset/PRIO%20Battle%20Deaths%20Dataset%203.0%20Documentation.pdf|title=The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946-2008, Version 3.0|publisher=[[Peace Research Institute Oslo]]|date=September 2009|pages=359–362|access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> American casualties in the Korean War included 54,246 dead and 103,284 wounded. |- |[[Algerian War of Independence|Algerian War]] |400,000–1,500,000 |1954–1962 |Algeria vs. France |Algeria |<ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20120316-commemorations-mark-end-algerian-war-independence-france-evian-accords France remembers the Algerian War, 50 years on] France 24</ref> – Also known as the Algerian War of Independence |- |[[Ethnic conflict in Nagaland]] |34,000+ |1954–present |India and Myanmar vs. Naga People |Northeast India |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/index1950.htm|title=Chronological Index of Wars and Conflicts from 1950 to 1959|website=www.onwar.com}}</ref> |- |[[Vietnam War]] |1,300,000–4,300,000 |1955–1975 |South Vietnam and allies vs. North Vietnam and allies |Vietnam |<ref name="Hirschman2">{{cite journal| first1=Charles |last1=Hirschman |first2=Samuel |last2=Preston |author3=Vu Manh Loi |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/charles/new%20PUBS/A77.pdf |title=Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate |journal=Population and Development Review |date=December 1995|volume=21 |issue=4 |page=783 |doi=10.2307/2137774 |jstor=2137774 }}</ref><ref name="afp1995">{{cite news |title=20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate |first=Philip |last=Shenon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |date=23 April 1995 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 February 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme |last1=Obermeyer |first1=Ziad |last2=Murray |first2=Christopher J L |last3=Gakidou |first3=Emmanuela |doi=10.1136/bmj.a137 |journal=[[The BMJ|BMJ]] |date=26 June 2008 |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1482–6 |quote=From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths ... 3.8 million in Vietnam. |pmid=18566045 |pmc=2440905}}</ref> American casualties in the Vietnam War included 58,226 dead and 304,000 wounded. – Also known as the Second Indochina War - Includes deaths in Cambodia and Laos |- |[[First Sudanese Civil War]] |500,000+ |1955–1972 |Sudan vs. South Sudanese Rebels |Sudan | |- |[[Congo Crisis]] |100,000+ |1960–1965 |DRC, USA, and Belgium vs. Simba and Kwilu Rebels |Congo |<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mwakikagile|first1=Godfrey|title=Statecraft and Nation Building in Africa: A Post-colonial Study|date=2014|publisher=New Africa Press|location=Dar es Salaam|isbn=978-9987-16-039-6|page=72}}</ref> |- |[[Angolan War of Independence]] |83,000–103,000 |1961–1974 |Angola vs. Portugal and South Africa |Angola | |- |[[North Yemen Civil War]] |100,000–200,000 |1962–1970 |Kingdom of Yemen and Saudi Arabia vs. Yemen Arab Republic and United Arab Republic |Yemen |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://muftah.org/yemens-first-civil-war-offers-lessons-for-ending-the-countrys-current-conflict/|title=Yemen's First Civil War Offers Lessons for Ending the Country's Current Conflict|date=21 April 2015|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> |- |[[Mozambican War of Independence]] |63,500–88,500 |1964–1974 |FRELIMO vs. Portugal |Mozambique |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c30k.htm#Mozambique|title=Mozambique, Anti-colonial war (1961-1975)|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=11 July 2013}}</ref> |- |[[Insurgency in Northeast India]] |25,000+ |1964–present |India and allies vs. Insurgent Groups |Northeast India |<ref name="umass" /> |- |[[Colombian conflict]] |220,000+ |1964–present |Colombia and allies vs. Far Left guerillas and Far Right paramilitares |Colombia |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jesusradicals.com/georgetown-welcomes-colombias-ex-pres-uribe/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113143821/http://www.jesusradicals.com/georgetown-welcomes-colombias-ex-pres-uribe/|archive-date=2010-11-13|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-10-02|title=Georgetown Welcomes Colombia's Ex-Pres. Uribe|last=Dear|first=John|date=October 2, 2010}}</ref> |- |[[Biafra War|Nigerian Civil War]] |1,000,000–3,000,000 |1967–1970 |Nigeria vs. Biafra |Nigeria |– Also known as the Biafran War |- |[[Moro conflict]] |120,000+ |1969–2019 |Philippines vs. Jihadist Groups vs. Bangsamoro |Philippines |<ref>{{cite report |last1=Schiavo-Campo |first1=Salvatore |last2=Judd |first2=Mary |title=The Mindanao conflict in the Philippines: roots, costs, and potential peace dividend |date=2005-02-01 |number=31822 |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCPR/214578-1111996036679/20482477/WP24_Web.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]] |citeseerx=10.1.1.404.2086}}</ref> |- |[[Communist rebellion in the Philippines]] |30,000–43,000 |1969–present |Philippines vs. Communist Party of the Philippines |Philippines |<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Holden|first1=William Norman|title=The Never Ending War in the Wounded Land: The New People's Army on Samar|journal=Journal of Geography and Geology|volume=5|issue=4|year=2013|issn=1916-9787|doi=10.5539/jgg.v5n4p29|url=http://prism.ucalgary.ca//bitstream/1880/50191/1/2013_CCSEJournalofGeographyandGeology_Holden.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |[[Bangladesh Liberation War]] |300,000–3,000,000+ |1971 |India and Bangladesh vs. Pakistan |Bangladesh |<ref name="MathewWhite">Matthew White's ''[http://necrometrics.com/20c1m.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century]''</ref> – Also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence |- |[[Ethiopian Civil War]] |500,000–1,500,000 |1974–1991 |Derg, PEDR, and Cuba vs. Anti-Communist rebel groups |Ethiopia | |- |[[Angolan Civil War]] |504,158+ |1975–2002 |MPLA and Cuba vs. UNITA and South Africa |Angola | |- |[[Lebanese Civil War]] |120,000–150,000 |1975–1990 |Various groups |Lebanon | |- |[[Insurgency in Laos]] |100,000+ |1975–2007 |Laos and Vietnam vs. "Secret army" and Hmong people |Laos |<ref>{{cite book |title=Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900 |isbn=9783825840105 |last=Rummel |first=Rudolph Joseph |publisher=LIT Verlag |location=Münster |date=1998 |page=314 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFDWp7O9_dIC&pg=PA314 |chapter=Table 15.1: Lesser Murdering States, Quasi-States, and Groups |chapter-url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB15.1D.GIF}}</ref> |- |[[Ogaden War]] |60,000 |1977–1978 |Ethiopia and Cuba vs. Somalia |Ethiopia |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.urrib2000.narod.ru/Etiopia.html|title=La Fuerza Aérea de Cuba en la Guerra de Etiopía (Ogadén) • Rubén Urribarres|website=Aviación Cubana • Rubén Urribarres}}</ref> |- |[[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]] |1,400,000–2,500,000 |1978–present |see [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]] |Afghanistan |<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KTq2BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 |title=Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond ... |publisher=ABC-CLIO |access-date=19 February 2015 |last=Dowling |first=Timothy C. |isbn=9781598849486 |date=2014 |page=7}}</ref> |- |[[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]] |45,000+ |1978–present |Turkey vs. KCK |Middle East |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/74132-erdogan-rules-out-amnesty-for-kurdish-rebels|title=Erdogan Rules Out Amnesty for Kurdish Rebels|work=Naharnet}}</ref> – Part of the [[Kurdish rebellions in Turkey]] |- |[[Soviet–Afghan War]] |600,000–2,000,000 |1979–1989 |Soviet Union and Afghanistan vs. Insurgent groups |Afghanistan |<ref>{{cite book |last=Isby |first=David |title=Russia's war in Afghanistan |publisher=Osprey |location=London |year=1986 |isbn=9780850456912}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hz5NzJtg48kC&pg=PA115 |title=War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992 |publisher=Hurst |year=2000 |last=Giustozzi |first=Antonio |isbn=9781850653967}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Afghanistan: Demographic consequences of war, 1978–1987 |last=Khalidi |first=Noor Ahmad |pages=101–126 |url=http://www.nonel.pu.ru/erdferkel/khalidi.pdf |volume=10 |issue=3 |journal=Central Asian Survey |date=1991 |doi=10.1080/02634939108400750|pmid=12317412 }}</ref> – Part of [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|War in Afghanistan]] |- |[[Salvadoran Civil War]] |70,000–80,000 |1979–1992 |El Salvador vs. FMLN |El Salvador |<ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/salvador/informes/truth.html |title=Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador |publisher=United Nations |date=April 1, 1993}}</ref><ref>{{citation|author=Andrews Bounds |date=2001 |series=El Salvador: History |title=South America, Central America and The Caribbean 2002 |edition=10a |location=London |publisher=Routledge |pages=384 |isbn=978-1-85743-121-6}}</ref> |- |[[Iran–Iraq War]] |500,000-1,500,000 |1980–1988 |Iran and allies vs. Iraq and allies |Middle East |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Iran-Iraq War {{!}} Causes, Summary, Casualties, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Iran-Iraq-War|access-date=2021-09-02|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|quote=Estimates of total casualties range from 1,000,000 to twice that number. The number killed on both sides was perhaps 500,000, with Iran suffering the greatest losses.}}</ref> |- |[[Internal conflict in Peru]] |70,000+ |1980–present |Peru vs. PCP-SL and MRTA |Peru |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26969355|title=Peru Shining Path Arrests: 24 Seized|work=BBC News|date=10 April 2014|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> |- |[[Ugandan Bush War]] |100,000–500,000 |1981–1986 |ULNF and Tanzania vs. National Resistance Army |Uganda |<ref>Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by [[Ruth Leger Sivard]].</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Henry |last=Wasswa |title=Uganda's first prime minister, and two-time president, dead at 80 |agency=Associated Press |date=October 10, 2005}}</ref> – Also known as the Luwero War |- |[[Second Sudanese Civil War]] |1,000,000–2,000,000 |1983–2005 |Sudan vs. South Sudanese rebels |Sudan | |- |[[Sri Lankan Civil War]] |80,000–100,000 |1983–2009 |Sri Lanka vs. Tamil Tigers |Sri Lanka |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-05-20/up-to-100000-killed-in-sri-lankas-civil-war-un/1689524|title=Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN|work=ABC News|date=20 May 2009}}</ref> |- |[[Somali Civil War]] |300,000–500,000 |1986–present |Varying Somali governments vs. insurgent groups |Somalia |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/20c300k.htm#Somalia|title=Twentieth Century Atlas&nbsp;– Death Tolls and Casualty Statistics for Wars, Dictatorships and Genocides|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics|access-date=April 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name="UCDPDatasets">{{cite journal|last1=Allansson|first1=Marie|last2=Melander|first2=Erik|last3=Themnér|first3=Lotta|title=Organized violence, 1989–2016|journal=Journal of Peace Research|volume=54|issue=4|year=2017|pages=574–587|issn=0022-3433|doi=10.1177/0022343317718773|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |[[Lord's Resistance Army insurgency]] |100,000–500,000 |1987–present |Lord's Resistance Army vs. Central African states |Central Africa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ploughshares.ca/pl_armedconflict/uganda-1987-2010/#Deaths|title=Uganda (1987– 2010)|access-date=26 February 2015}}</ref> |- |[[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] |50,000+ |1988–present |Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh Separatist forces and allies vs. Azerbaijan |Azerbaijan |– Also known as the Armenian Separatist invasion |- |[[Gulf War]] |25,500–40,500 |1990–1991 |Iraq vs. Coalition Forces |Iraq |– Also known as the First Iraq War |- |[[Algerian Civil War]] |44,000–200,000 |1991–2002 |Algeria vs. FIS loyalists vs. GIA |Algeria |<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/attacks-raise-spectre-of-civil-war/news-story/ea2ab98a0b83a53b35751c24808c45bf |title=Attacks raise spectre of civil war |last=Sage |first=Adam |date=December 12, 2007 |work=The Australian}}</ref> |- |[[Bosnian War]] |97,000–105,000 |1991–1995 |Bosnia and Herzegovinian governments and allies vs. Republika Srpska and allies |Bosnia | |- |[[1991 Iraqi uprisings]] |85,000–235,000 |1991 |Iraq vs various rebels |Iraq |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2006/jun/05/world/fg-graves5|title=2 Mass Graves in Iraq Unearthed|last=Moore|first=Solomon|date=5 June 2006|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/aug/22/iraq.ianblack|title='Chemical Ali' on trial for brutal crushing of Shia uprising|last=Black|first=Ian|date=21 August 2007|work=The Guardian|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/Iraq926.htm |title=Endless Torment: The 1991 Uprising in Iraq And Its Aftermath |date=June 1992 |isbn=1-56432-069-3 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |location=US}}</ref> – Also known as the Sha'aban Intifada |- |[[Sierra Leone Civil War]] |50,000–300,000 |1991–2002 |see [[Sierra Leone Civil War]] |Sierra Leone | |- |[[Burundian Civil War]] |300,000+ |1993–2005 |Burundi vs. Hutu rebels vs. Tutsi rebels |Burundi |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7354005.stm|title=Heavy shelling in Burundi capital|date=18 April 2008|work=BBC News}}</ref> |- |[[First Congo War]] |250,000–800,000 |1996–1997 |Zaire and allies vs. AFDL and allies |Congo | |- |[[Second Congo War]] |2,500,000–5,400,000 |1998–2003 |See [[Second Congo War]] |Central Africa |<ref>{{cite web |last=Brennan |first=Richard |url=http://www.theirc.org/news/latest/inside-congo-an-unspeakable.html |title=Inside Congo, An Unspeakable Toll |publisher=Theirc.org |date=2006-07-16 |access-date=2011-01-24 |archive-date=2008-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220095807/http://www.theirc.org/news/latest/inside-congo-an-unspeakable.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=James Astill in Bukavu |author2=Isabelle Chevallot |name-list-style=amp|url=https://www.theguardian.com/congo/story/0,12292,932034,00.html |title=Conflict in Congo has killed 4.7m, charity says |work=Guardian |date=2003-04-08|access-date=2011-01-24 |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1713275,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215193321/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1713275,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2008|title=Come Back, Colonialism, All Is Forgiven|date=14 February 2008|magazine=Time}}</ref><ref name="LacinaEtAl">{{cite journal |first1=Bethany |last1=Lacina |first2=Nils Petter |last2=Gleditsch |url=http://www.eui.eu/Documents/DepartmentsCentres/SPS/Seminars/SeminarsF09/PVSEMF08/LacinaGleditschMonitoringTrendsInGlobalCombatEJP2005.pdf |title=Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths |journal=European Journal of Population |date=2005 |volume=21 |issue=2–3 |pages=145–166|doi=10.1007/s10680-005-6851-6|s2cid=14344770 }}</ref> – Also known as the Great War of Africa |- |[[Ituri conflict]] |60,000+ |1999–2003 |Lendu Tribe vs. Hemu Tribe and allies |Congo |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6158331.stm |title=Eastern DR Congo rebels to disarm |work=BBC News |last=Allen |first=Karen |date=30 November 2006 |access-date=12 May 2018}}</ref> – Part of the [[Second Congo War]] |- |[[War on terror]] |272,000–1,260,000 |2001–present |Anti-Terrorist Forces vs. Terrorist groups |Worldwide |<ref name="digitaljournal">{{cite report |title=Casualty Figures after 10 Years of the "War on Terror": Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan |url=http://www.ippnw.de/commonFiles/pdfs/Frieden/Body_Count_first_international_edition_2015_final.pdf |isbn=978-3-9817315-0-7 |publisher=International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War |date=March 2015}}</ref><ref name="costsofwar">{{cite web|url=http://costsofwar.org/sites/default/files/HMCHART_2.pdf|title=Human costs of war: Direct war death in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan October 2001 – February 2013|date=February 2013|work=Costs of War|access-date=14 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130430155253/http://costsofwar.org/sites/default/files/HMCHART_2.pdf|archive-date=30 April 2013}}</ref><ref name="update">[http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88 "Update on Iraqi Casualty Data"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201144355/http://www.opinion.co.uk/Newsroom_details.aspx?NewsId=88|date=2008-02-01}} by [[Opinion Research Business]]. January 2008.</ref><ref name="orb2008jan28">[http://www.opinion.co.uk/Documents/Revised%20Casulaty%20Data%20-%20Press%20release.doc "Revised Casualty Analysis. New Analysis 'Confirms' 1 Million+ Iraq Casualties"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219212651/http://www.opinion.co.uk/Documents/Revised%20Casulaty%20Data%20-%20Press%20release.doc|date=2009-02-19}}. January 28, 2008. [[Opinion Research Business]]. [http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=3657ce88-7cfa-457a-9aec-f4f827f20cac Word Viewer for.doc files].</ref> – Also known as the Global War on Terrorism |- |[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] |212,191+ |2001–2021 |See [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)]] |Afghanistan |<ref name="costsofwar" /> – Part of the [[War on Terror]] and [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan conflict]] |- |[[Iraq War]] |405,000–654,965 |2003–2011 |See [[Iraq War]] |Iraq |<ref name="update" /><ref name="orb2008jan28" /><ref name="costsofwar" /> – Also known as the Second Gulf War – Part of the [[War on Terror]] See: [[Casualties of the Iraq War]] |- |[[War in Darfur]] |300,000+ |2003–present |SRF and allies vs. Sudan and allies vs. UNAMID |Sudan |<ref>{{cite journal|title=Patterns of mortality rates in Darfur conflict|last1=Degomme|first1=Olivier|last2=Guha-Sapir|first2=Debarati|date=23 January 2010|journal=The Lancet|volume=375|issue=9711|pages=294–300|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61967-X|pmid=20109956|s2cid=24643946}}</ref> |- |[[Kivu conflict|Kivu Conflict]] |100,000+ |2004–present |see [[Kivu conflict|Kivu Conflict]] |Congo |– Part of the [[Second Congo War]] |- |[[Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] |45,900–79,000 |2004–2017 |Pakistan, USA, and UK vs. Terrorist groups |Pakistan |<ref name="costsofwar" /> – Also known as the War in Waziristan – Part of the [[War on Terror]] and [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]] |- |[[Mexican drug war]] |200,000–400,000+ |2006–present |Mexico vs. Drug cartels |Mexico |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexicos-crime-wave-has-left-up-to-25000-missing-government-documents-show/2012/11/29/7ca4ee44-3a6a-11e2-9258-ac7c78d5c680_story.html|title=Mexico's crime wave has left about 25,000 missing, government documents show|author=Booth, William|date=20 November 2012|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=26 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/03/201333042622382309.html|title=Shooting at Mexico bar leaves many dead|date=30 March 2013|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=26 July 2013}}</ref> – Also known as the Mexican War on Drugs |- |[[Boko Haram insurgency]] |350,000+ |2009–present |Multinational Joint Task Force vs. Boko Haram |Nigeria |2,400,000 [[Internally displaced persons|internally displaced]] |- |[[Syrian civil war]] |499,000–610,000+ |2011–present |Syrian Arab Republic vs. Republic of Syria vs. ISIL vs. Syrian Democratic Forces |Syria |See: [[Casualties of the Syrian civil war]] |- |[[Rojava–Islamist conflict]] |50,000+ |2013–present |Syrian Democratic Forces vs. Islamic States of Iraq and Levant vs. al-Nusra Front |Syria |100,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-21/271407-syria-refugee-flood-to-turkey-hits-100000.ashx#axzz3DwXZNAOv|title=Syria refugee flood to Turkey hits 100,000|work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon|access-date=5 November 2014|archive-date=5 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105210720/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Sep-21/271407-syria-refugee-flood-to-turkey-hits-100000.ashx#axzz3DwXZNAOv|url-status=dead}}</ref> Syrian Kurds fleeing to Turkey |- |[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]] |195,000–200,000+ |2013–2017 |Iraq and allies vs. ISIL |Iraq | |- | [[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)|Yemeni Civil War]] | 377,000+ | 2014–present | Yemen's Supreme Political Council vs. Hadi Government, Saudi-led Coalition and the UAE-backed Southern Movement vs Al-Qaeda | Yemen | UNDP estimate for the end of 2021. 60% attributable to hunger and disease. Also part of the Arab Winter. |- | [[Tigray War]] | 300,000–500,000 (Including [[Famine in the Tigray War|famine]] victims, per [[Ghent University]])<ref>{{Cite news |title=Analysis {{!}} The World's Deadliest War Isn't in Ukraine, But in Ethiopia |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/the-worlds-deadliest-war-isnt-in-ukraine-but-in-ethiopia/2022/03/22/eaf4b83c-a9b6-11ec-8a8e-9c6e9fc7a0de_story.html |access-date=2022-03-23 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-tigray-war-has-seen-up-to-half-a-million-dead-from-violence-and/|title=Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers|work=The Globe and Mail|date=14 March 2022}}</ref> | 2020–present | [[United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces|UFEFCF]] vs. Ethiopian and Eritrean Government | Ethiopia (Tigray, Afar and Amhara Regions) | Part of the [[Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)|Ethiopian civil conflict]]. |} | [[Russo-Ukrainian War]] [[Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian War|(outline)]] | 200,000+ | 2014–present | Russia vs. Ukraine | Ukraine | Estimates of deaths vary widely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/reliable-death-tolls-from-the-ukraine-war-are-hard-to-come-by-the-result-of-undercounts-and-manipulation-179905|title=Reliable death tolls from the Ukraine war are hard to come by – the result of undercounts and manipulation|first=Neta C.|last=Crawford|website=The Conversation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/counting-the-dead-in-ukraine/|title=Counting the Dead in Ukraine|first=Sanjana|last=Varghese|date=May 4, 2022}}</ref> === Yakunan Zamani da adadin mace-mace kasa da 25,000 === * 22,211 – [[Croatian War of Independence]] (1991–1995)<ref>{{cite news| author=Zebić, Enis| title=Ljudski gubici u ratu u Hrvatskoj: 22.211 osoba |work=Radio Free Europe| url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/hrvatska-ljutski-gubici/28976312.html| language=hr| trans-title=Human Casualties in the Croatian War: 22,211 Persons | date=15 January 2018| access-date=17 December 2019}}</ref> * 22,000+ – [[Dominican Restoration War]] (1863–1865){{efn|One estimate placed total Spanish deaths from all causes at 18,000. The fatal losses among the Dominican insurgents were estimated at 4,000.<ref name="clodfelter" />}} * 21,000+ – [[Six-Day War]] (1967)<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www1.american.edu/cgp/pdf/hicks.pdf|title=The Human Rights of Kurds in the Islamic Republic of Iran|last=Hicks|first=Neil|date=April 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807060312/http://www1.american.edu/cgp/pdf/hicks.pdf|archive-date=7 August 2011}}</ref> * 20,068 – [[Reform War]] (1857–1860) * 20,000+ – [[Yaqui Wars]] (1533–1929)<ref name="Nash" /> * 20,000+ – [[War of the Quadruple Alliance]] (1718–1720)<ref name="clodfelter" /> * 20,000+ – [[Ragamuffin War]] (1835–1845)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s50JnG7BzLAC|title=Exiles, allies, rebels : Brazil's indianist movement, indigenist politics, and the imperial nation-state|last=Treece|first=Dave|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-313-31125-3|location=Westport, Conn}}</ref> * 20,000+ – [[Italo-Turkish War]] (1911–1912)<ref name="Nash" /> * 20,000 – [[Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)]]<ref name="Nash" /> * 19,619+ – [[Rhodesian Bush War]] (1964–1979) * 19,000+ – [[Mexican–American War]] (1846–1848)<ref name="Nash" /> * 18,069–20,069 – [[First Opium War]] (1839–1842)<ref name="martin">[[Robert Montgomery Martin|Martin, Robert Montgomery]] (1847). ''China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government''. Volume 2. James Madden. pp. 81–82.</ref> * 17,294+ – [[1940–44 insurgency in Chechnya]] (1940–1944) * 17,200+ – [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] (1839–1842)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/index.htm|title=Afghanistan: A Country Study|date=2001|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|GPO]]|editor-last=Blood|editor-first=Peter R.|location=Washington|chapter=The First Anglo-Afghan War|chapter-url=http://countrystudies.us/afghanistan/13.htm}}</ref> * 16,765–17,065 – [[Balochistan conflict]] (1948–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/warstat6.htm#Pathan|title=Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls|last=White|first=Matthew|website=Necrometrics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/Balochistan/index.html|title=Balochistan Assessment - 2017|website=www.satp.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article4120|title=Balochistan: Pakistan's internal war – Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières}}</ref> * 16,000+ – [[War of the Pacific]] (1879–1883) * 16,000+ – [[Nepalese Civil War]] (1996–2006) * 16,000+ – [[Spanish–American War]] (1898)<ref name="Nash" /> * 15,200–15,300 – [[Peasants' War (1798)]] – Part of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] * 15,000+ – [[Nigerian Sharia conflict]] (2009–present)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1630089.stm|title=Analysis: Behind Nigeria's violence|last=Isaacs|first=Dan|date=5 May 2004|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzl2_TiUNy_W4vqIC3NZSasnA5HA|title=Curfew relaxed in Nigeria's violence-wracked city: army|date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100128055533/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gzl2_TiUNy_W4vqIC3NZSasnA5HA|archive-date=28 January 2010|url-status=dead|agency=AFP}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8555018.stm|title='Hundreds dead' in Nigeria attack|date=8 March 2010|work=BBC News}}</ref> * 15,000 – [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)]] * 14,460–14,922 – [[South African Border War]] (1966–1990) * 14,077–22,077 – [[Mau Mau Uprising]] (1952–1960) * 13,929+ – [[Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)]]<ref name="UCDPDatasets" /> * 13,812+ – [[Naxalite-Maoist insurgency]] (1967–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeracorrespondent/2011/10/20111019124251679523.html|title=India's Silent War|author=Al Jazeera Correspondent|access-date=2013-04-14|archive-date=2019-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525032758/https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeracorrespondent/2011/10/20111019124251679523.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/ar0304-Eng.pdf|title=Annual Report 2003–2004: Departments of Internal Security, Jammu & Kashmir Affairs, Border Management, States and Home|publisher=Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203045957/http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/ar0304-Eng.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> * 13,100–34,000 – [[Kurdish separatism in Iran]] (1918–present)<ref name=":0" /> * 13,073–26,373 – [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] (1948–1949)<ref name=politics>{{cite book|author=Adam M. Garfinkle|title=Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=si1oUnk5N3QC&pg=PA61|year=2000|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-0514-6|page=61}}</ref> * 11,500–12,843 – [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] – Part of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] * 10,700–14,300 – [[Yom Kippur War]] (1973)<ref name="remilitari4">{{Cite web|url=http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario4.htm|title=De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios|website=remilitari.com}}</ref> * 10,000+ – [[Assam separatist movements]] (1979–present) * 10,000+ – [[Malayan Emergency]] (1948–1960)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/my_polic.html|title=Royal Malaysian Police (Malaysia)|publisher=Crwflags.com|access-date=3 January 2014}}</ref> * 10,000+ – [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]]<ref name="OHCHR">{{cite web|url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=20496&LangID=E|title=Situation in eastern Ukraine worsening, says UN report|date=15 September 2016|publisher=OHCHR|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> [[Russo-Ukrainian War|– Part of the]] [[Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)]] * 10,000+ – [[Rwandan Civil War]] (1990–1994) * 10,000+ – [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]] (1894–1896)<ref name="Nash" /> * 10,000+ – [[Second Melillan campaign]] (1909)<ref name="Nash" /> * 10,000+ – [[Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)]]<ref name="Nash" /> * 10,000+ – [[Spanish conquest of Tripoli (1510)|Spanish conquest of Tripoli]] (1510)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA85|title=The Papacy and the Levant : 1204–1571|last=Setton|first=Kenneth|publisher=American Philosophical Society|year=1976|isbn=978-0-87169-161-3|volume=3|location=Philadelphia, PA|page=85}}</ref> * 9,400+ – [[Libyan Civil War (2011)]] (2011)<ref name="revolutioncasualties">{{cite news|last=Black|first=Ian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/08/libyan-revolution-casualties-lower-expected-government |title=Libyan revolution casualties lower than expected, says new government |publisher=Guardian |date= 8 January 2013|access-date=2013-10-02 |location=London}}</ref> * 8,136+ – [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iraqbodycount.org/database/|title=Iraq Body Count|website=www.iraqbodycount.org}}</ref> * 7,500–21,741 – [[War of 1812]] (1812–1815)<ref name=Nash /><ref name="historyguy.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.historyguy.com/war_of_1812_statistics.htm|title=War of 1812 Statistics|work=historyguy.com|access-date=September 4, 2016}}</ref> * 7,400–16,200 – [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)]] (2015–present) * 7,050+ - [[Portuguese conquest of Goa]] (1510)<ref>Gaspar Correia (1558–1563) Lendas da Índia, 1864 edition, Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, book II p.94.</ref> * 7,104+ – [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] (1947–1949)<ref name="Kargil from Surprise to Victory">{{Cite book|title=Kargil from Surprise to Victory|last=Malik|first=V. P.|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|year=2010|isbn=9789350293133|edition=paperback|page=343}}</ref> * 7,000+ – [[Chadian Civil War (2005–10)]] (2005–2010)<ref>Vicenç Fisas. ''[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/programas/procesos/09anuarie.pdf Anuario 2009 de procesos de paz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191034/http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/programas/procesos/09anuarie.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}''. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial, pp. 75. {{ISBN|978-84-9888-076-2}}.</ref> * 6,800–13,459 – [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] (1965) * 6,859+ – [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]] (2020–present) * 5,641–6,991 - [[Opposition–ISIL conflict during the Syrian Civil War]] ( 2014–present ) * 6,543+ – [[South Thailand insurgency]] (2004–present)<ref name="Bangkok2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/security/815372/insurgency-claimed-6543-lives-in-last-12-years|title=Insurgency claimed 6,543 lives in last 12 years |publisher=[[Bangkok Post]]|date=January 4, 2016|access-date=February 29, 2016}}</ref> * 6,295+ – [[Central African Republic conflict]] (2012–present) * 5,641+ – [[Sudanese nomadic conflicts]] (2009–present)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/01/07/idUKLDE6060ZB._CH_.2420 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726030414/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/01/07/idUKLDE6060ZB._CH_.2420 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2012 |work=Reuters |title=TIMELINE-Violence spirals in south Sudan |date=7 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/06/world/africa/in-south-sudan-massacre-of-3000-is-reported.html |work=The New York Times |first=Jeffrey |last=Gettleman |title=In South Sudan, Massacre of 3,000 Is Reported |date=5 January 2012}}</ref> * 5,100+ – [[Gaza–Israel conflict]] (2006–present) – Part of the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] * 5,000+ – [[Casamance conflict]] (1982–2014)<ref>{{cite news |title=Casamance: no peace after thirty years of war |author=Bacary Domingo Mané |date=13 January 2011 |work=Guin Guin Bali |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103013015/http://www.guinguinbali.com/index.php?lang=en&mod=news&task=view_news&cat=3&id=1392 |url=http://www.guinguinbali.com/index.php?lang=en&mod=news&task=view_news&cat=3&id=1392 |archive-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> * 5,000+ – [[Chilean Civil War of 1891]] (1891)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm|title=Nineteenth Century Death Tolls |website=Necrometrics|first=Matthew|last=White|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> * 5,000+ – [[Cuban Revolution]] (1953–1959)<ref>Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson (1997). ''International Conflict: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management, 1945–1995''. Congressional Quarterly.</ref> * 5,000 – [[War of the Reunions]] (1683–1684) * 4,715+ – [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)]] (2014–present) * 4,275 – [[Dominican Civil War]] (1965)<ref>{{cite web |title=Congressional Bills 117th Congress |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-117hr2725ih/html/BILLS-117hr2725ih.htm |website=[[GovInfo]]}}</ref> * 4,200+ – [[Shifta War]] (1963–1967)<ref>{{Citation|last=Bercovitch|first=Jacob|title=From Conflict Management to Conflict Resolution: The Problem-Solving Approach|date=2019-07-15|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429306259-2|work=Social Conflicts and Third Parties|pages=19–35|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9780429306259-2|isbn=978-0-429-30625-9|s2cid=208122778|access-date=2021-07-02}}</ref> * 4,000–10,000 – [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] (2004–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Nigeria.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010001137/http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Nigeria.html|title=Armed Conflicts Report – Nigeria|archive-date=10 October 2006}}</ref> * 4,000 – [[War of Devolution]] (1667–1668) * 3,699+ – [[Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen]] (1992–present)<ref name="UCDPDatasets" /> * 3,552+ – [[First Schleswig War]] (1848–1852) * 3,529+ – [[The Troubles|The Northern Ireland Troubles]] (1966–1998)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/sutton/tables/Status_Summary.html|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|website=cain.ulster.ac.uk}}</ref> * 3,366+ – [[Insurgency in the North Caucasus]] (2009–2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Infographics. Total number of victims in Northern Caucasus in 2010–2014 under the data of the Caucasian Knot|url=http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/30858/|work=Caucasian Knot|date=19 February 2015|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112075631/http://eng.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/30858/|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 3,270+ – [[Second Schleswig War]] (1864) * 3,222–3,722 – [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]] (1956) * 3,144+ – [[Allied Democratic Forces insurgency]] (1996–present) * 3,114+ – [[1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine]] (1947–1948) – Part of the [[1948 Palestine war]] * 3,007+ – [[War of the Golden Stool]] (1900){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 3,000–6,000 – [[Negro Rebellion]] (1912)<ref>{{cite web|author=Garcia, Pedro Antonio|url=http://www.afrocubaweb.com/history/lamasacreracista.htm|title=Over three thousand black and mulatto Cubans killed in this act of force of the great national bourgeoisie|work=Afro Cuba Web |date=2 July 2007|access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Escamilla, Luis|url=http://www.blackpast.org/?q=gah/partido-de-independiente-de-color-cuba-1908-1912|title=Partido de independiente de color (Cuba, 1908–1912)|work=Black Past |date=28 May 2013|access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> * 3,000–5,000 – [[Croatian-Slovene Peasant Revolt]] (1573) {{sfn|Čečuk|1960|p=500}} * 3,000+ – [[Second Ivorian Civil War]] (2010–2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observers.france24.com/content/20120110-first-ever-video-proof-suspected-gbagbo-militants-brutal-murder-ouattara-abobo-abidjan|title=First-ever video proof documenting murder of suspected Gbagbo militants|work=The France 24 Observers|access-date=2013-04-18|archive-date=2015-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605071624/http://observers.france24.com/content/20120110-first-ever-video-proof-suspected-gbagbo-militants-brutal-murder-ouattara-abobo-abidjan|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 3,000+ – [[Dominican War of Independence]] (1844) * 3,000+ – [[Banana Wars]] (1914–1933)<ref name=Gruhl /> * 2,944+ – [[Insurgency in the Maghreb]] (2004–present) * 2,800+ – [[Northern Mali conflict]] (2012–present) * 2,781+ – [[Iranian Revolution]] (1978–1979)<ref>{{cite news |title=A Question of Numbers |url=http://www.emadbaghi.com/en/archives/000592.php |date=8 August 2003 |last=Kadivar |first=Cyrus |work=Rouzegar-Now}}</ref> * 2,751+ – [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] (1919)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/alpha/afguk1919.htm|title=Armed Conflict Year Index|access-date=2013-05-04|archive-date=2012-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406092124/http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/alpha/afguk1919.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2,557+ – [[Sudan internal conflict (2011–present)]] (2011–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiodabanga.org/|title=Home – Radio Dabanga|access-date=31 October 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015171527/https://www.radiodabanga.org/|archive-date=15 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/UN-report-1-500-killed-and-73-000,40053 |title=UN report: 1,500 killed and 73,000 displaced in S. Sudan conflicts – Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan |access-date=31 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129150344/http://www.sudantribune.com/UN-report-1-500-killed-and-73-000%2C40053 |archive-date=29 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="DailyTimes – Your Right To Know">{{cite web|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012\10\17\story_17-10-2012_pg4_5|title=DailyTimes – Your Right To Know|access-date=2017-05-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024033442/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C10%5C17%5Cstory_17-10-2012_pg4_5|archive-date=2012-10-24|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2,394+ – [[Sinai insurgency]] (2011–present)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-33340458|title=Egypt's Sinai rocked by wave of deadly attacks|work=BBC News|date=July 2015|access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> * 2,300+ – [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] (2003–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ploughshares.ca/pl_armedconflict/nigeria-1990-first-combat-deaths/#Deaths|title=Nigeria (1990 – first combat deaths)|access-date=21 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-6-data-1997-2015/|title=ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015)|access-date=21 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118142350/http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-6-data-1997-2015/|archive-date=18 January 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> * 2,221–2,406 – [[2014 Israel–Gaza conflict]] (2014) – Part of the [[Gaza–Israel conflict]] * 2,150+ – [[Persian Expedition of 1796]] (1796) * 2,096+ – [[Aden Emergency]] (1963–1967) * 2,054+ – [[South Yemen insurgency]] (2009–2015) *~2,014 – [[Irish War of Independence]] (1919–1921) * 2,000–3,800 - [[Albanian Civil War]] (1997) * 2,000+ – [[Costa Rican Civil War]] (1948) * 2,000+ – [[Six-Day War (2000)]] (2000)<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ugandacorrespondent.com/articles/2010/09/revealed-2000-updf-troops-died-in-kisangani/ |title=Revealed: 2,000 UPDF troops died in Kisangani |last=Otim |first=Dennis |date=6 September 2010 |access-date=22 April 2018 |work=Uganda Corresponden}}</ref> * 2,000+ – [[2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes]] (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://polit.ru/news/2010/06/12/1000/|title="Комсомольская правда": в Оше тысячи погибших, беспорядки начинаются в Джалал-Абаде|website=polit.ru|access-date=2023-01-14|archive-date=2023-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114065316/https://polit.ru/news/2010/06/12/1000/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fergananews.com/news.php?id=14964|title=Президент Узбекского национально-культурного центра Кыргызской Республики обратился с открытым письмо к Исламу Каримову|website=Фергана - международное агентство новостей}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?|title=Отунбаева, зачем врать? Число погибших на юге Киргизии превысило две тысячи человек – ЦентрАзия|access-date=2013-04-29|archive-date=2019-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709030656/http://www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2,000 – [[Iran crisis of 1946]] (1946)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.systemicpeace.org/warlist.htm|title=CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121015442/http://www.systemicpeace.org/warlist.htm|archive-date=January 21, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=2013-11-14}}</ref> * 1,810+ – [[Anglo-Iraqi War]] (1941) – Part of [[World War II]] * 1,774+ – [[Lapland War]] (1944–1945) – Part of [[World War II]] * 1,648 – [[Sinaloa Cartel-Gulf Cartel conflict]] ( 2003–present ) * 1,643–2,237 – [[Transnistria War]] (1992)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nr2.ru/pmr/90227.html|title=Страница не найдена}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nr2.ru/pmr/96375.html|title=Страница не найдена|access-date=2013-04-29|archive-date=2014-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180400/http://www.nr2.ru/pmr/96375.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olvia.idknet.com/ol166-12-06.htm|title=ВОЗРОЖДЕННОМУ В ПРИДНЕСТРОВЬЕ|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503235314/http://olvia.idknet.com/ol166-12-06.htm|archive-date=2007-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://monumente.md/|title=MONUMENTE.MD: Памятники из натурального гранита|website=monumente.md}}</ref> * 1,561 – [[Islamic State-related terrorist attacks in Turkey]] (2013–present) * 1,500+ – [[Irish Civil War]] (1922–1923) * 1,480 – [[Ifni War]] (1957–1958)<ref name="remilitari4"/> * 1,449+ – [[M23 rebellion]] (2012–2013) – Part of the [[Kivu Conflict]] * 1,444 – [[Taliban-ISIL conflict in Afghanistan]] ( 2015–present ) * 1,300+ – [[Allied Democratic Forces insurgency]] (1996–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/07/201371371842756837.html|title=Congo refugees pour into Uganda after attack|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=13 July 2013|access-date=21 July 2013}}</ref> * 1,295+ – [[Siachen conflict]] (1984–present) * 1,229+ – [[Basque conflict]] (1959–2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euskonews.com/0256zbk/gaia25604_01.html |title=Datos significativos del conflicto Vasco, 1968–2003 |language=es |publisher=Eusko Ikaskuntza |date=18 January 2016}}</ref> * 1,227–5,600 – [[Kargil War]] (1999)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kargil war brings into sharp focus India's commitment to peace |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |url=http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fjul2000/f210720001.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228075220/http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fjul2000/f210720001.html |archive-date=28 February 2017 |access-date=23 May 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/martyrs/home.jsp?operation=28&hidrecord=10&FormBugs_Page=1#Form|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222013826/http://www.indianarmy.nic.in/martyrs/home.jsp?operation=28&hidrecord=10&FormBugs_Page=1#Form|title=Indian Army-Martyrs Home Page|archive-date=22 December 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529140050/http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/1/musharraf-claims-kargil-was-a-big-success-militarily-for-pak-46.asp |url=http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Feb/1/musharraf-claims-kargil-was-a-big-success-militarily-for-pak-46.asp |archive-date=29 May 2013 |date=1 February 2013 |title=Musharraf claims Kargil was a big success militarily for Pak |work=Greater Kashmir |agency=[[Press Trust of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/2003/08/17/stories/2003081702900800.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003114303/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/08/17/stories/2003081702900800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 October 2003 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Over 4,000 soldiers killed in Kargil: Sharif |date=17 August 2003}}</ref> * 1,000–1,500 – [[Cabinda conflict]] (1994–present)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://igcsforum.org/showthread.php?t=1729|title=Angola-Cabinda (1994 – first combat deaths) Update: January 2007 – The Institute For Global Church Studies (IGCS) Forum|access-date=31 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302005251/http://igcsforum.org/showthread.php?t=1729|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> * 1,000+ – [[Djiboutian Civil War]] (1991–1994) * 1,000+ – [[1991–92 South Ossetia War]] (1991–1992)<ref>{{cite report |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019224.pdf |title=Georgia: Avoiding war in South Ossetia |date=26 November 2004 |publisher=International Crisis Group |access-date=29 April 2013 |archive-date=30 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630224302/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019224.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1,000+ – [[Xinjiang conflict]] (1960–present) * 1,000+ – [[Chincha Islands War]] (1864–1866)<ref name="Nash" /> * 1,000+ – [[Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict]] (2015–present) – Part of the [[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)]] * 1,000 – [[Second Mafia War]] (1980-1983) * 907 – [[Falklands War]] (1982)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-34252025|title=Argentine Falklands War troops 'tortured by their own side'|work=BBC News|date=14 September 2015}}</ref> * 898 – [[Barbary Wars]] (1801–1815) * 864 – [[Jamaican political conflict]] (1943–present) * 850 – [[Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon]] (2011–2017) – Part of the [[Syrian Civil War]] * 846 – [[2011 Egyptian revolution]] (2011) * 808 – [[Sino-Russian border conflicts]] (1652–1689) * 789–1,874 – [[2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff]] (2001–2002) * 771 – [[Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)]] (2013–present) * 740 – [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]] (1963–1966)<ref>{{cite book|last=Carver|first=Michael|year=1986|chapter=Conventional Warfare in the Nuclear Age|editor-last=Paret|editor-first=Peter|title=The Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age|location=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-02764-7|page=806}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Pimlott|editor-first=John|year=1984|title=British Military Operations 1945–1985|publisher=Bison|location=London|isbn=978-0-86124-147-7|page=99}}</ref> * 722 – [[Kamwina Nsapu rebellion]] (2016–present) * 700–800 – [[Anglo-Aro War]] (1901–1902) * 670+ – [[Infighting in the Gulf Cartel]] (2010–present) * 659–2,496 – [[Russia–Georgia war]] (2008) * 650+ – [[Infighting in Los Zetas]] (2010–present) * 643–1,500 – [[Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile]] (2011–present)<ref name="DailyTimes – Your Right To Know" /><ref name="auto" /> * 621 – [[Second 'Ndrangheta war]] (1985-1991) * 316 – [[Chiapas conflict]] (1994–present) * 300+ – [[Islamic Army–Al-Qaeda conflict]] (2006-2007) * 547 – [[Cyprus Emergency]] (1955–1959) * 542 – [[East Prigorodny Conflict]] (1992) *500 – [[Anglo-Zanzibar War]] (1896) * 422 – [[Franco-Thai War]] (1940–1941) * 327 – [[RENAMO insurgency]] (2013–present) * 275–569 – [[Second Afar insurgency]] (1995–present) Part of the [[Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict]] * 236 – [[Batwa-Luba clashes]] (2013–present) * 233 – [[First 'Ndrangheta war]] (1974–1976) * 233 – [[Anglophone Crisis]] (2017–present){{efn|See<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/cameroon-s-civil-war-intensifies-casualties-mount/4406204.html|title=Cameroon's Civil War Intensifies, Casualties Mount |website=Voice of America News|date=23 May 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/dozens-of-cameroon-youth-killed-in-south/4411815.html|title=Dozens of Cameroon Youth Killed in South|publisher=Voice of America News|date=27 May 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/video-cameroons-anglophone-secessionists-try-abducted-cop-send-him-to-their-ambazonia-prison/latest/|title=Video: Cameroon's Anglophone secessionists try abducted cop, send him to their Ambazonia prison|website=Today's News Africa|date=7 June 2018|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143409/https://todaynewsafrica.com/video-cameroons-anglophone-secessionists-try-abducted-cop-send-him-to-their-ambazonia-prison/latest/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/cameroon-soldier-killed-in-restive-english-speaking-region-20180610|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612104557/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/cameroon-soldier-killed-in-restive-english-speaking-region-20180610|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 12, 2018|title=Cameroon soldier killed in restive English-speaking region|website=News24|date=11 June 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/police-officer-killed-fundong/|title=Police Officer killed in Fundong|website=Journal du Cameroun|date=18 June 2018|access-date=22 June 2018}}</ref>}} * 217 – [[Foreign interventions by Cuba#1959 Dominican Republic invasion attempt|Cuban invasion of the Dominican Republic]] (1959) * 213–523+ – [[Jebel Akhdar War]] (1954–1959)<ref name="RAF">Air Vice-Marshal Peter Dye. [http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/264F0167_1143_EC82_2EEBE1A318851BCA.pdf The Jebel Akhdar War: The Royal Air Force in Oman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173749/http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/264F0167_1143_EC82_2EEBE1A318851BCA.pdf |date=3 March 2016}}. (PDF). Air Power Review. Centre for Air Power Studies. {{ISSN|1463-6298}} Volume 11, Number 3, Winter 2008</ref> * 206–345 – [[Arab separatism in Khuzestan]] (1922–2022) * 200+ – [[1967 Opium War]] (1967) * 200 – [[Miami drug war]] (1970s-1980s) * 200 – [[1935 Yazidi revolt]] (1935){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 174–194 – [[United States occupation of Veracruz]] (1914)<ref>{{cite book|author=Cantu, Gaston Garcia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBd2AAAAMAAJ|title=The U.S. invasions in Mexico|work=Fondo de Cultura Economica|year=1996|access-date=1 July 2013|isbn = 9789681650834}}</ref> * 160+ – [[Quebec Biker War]] (1994-2002) * 159 – [[ISIL insurgency in Tunisia]] (2015–present){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 141 – [[2006 São Paulo violence outbreak]] (2006) * 126 – [[2016 Kasese clashes]] (2016)<ref>{{cite news|title=Kasese clashes death toll increases to 126, twenty-five new bodies discovered – The Ugandan|url=http://theugandan.com.ug/kasese-clashes-death-toll-increases-126-twenty-five-new-bodies-discovered/|access-date=30 May 2017|work=The Ugandan|date=29 November 2016|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918022037/http://theugandan.com.ug/kasese-clashes-death-toll-increases-126-twenty-five-new-bodies-discovered/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Uganda clashes; death toll from Kasese fighting rises to 126|url=http://ntv.nation.co.ke/news/national/2725528-3470360-hwooe0z/index.html|access-date=30 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> * 115 – [[The Pool War]] (2016–present) * 108 – [[Islamist insurgency in Mozambique]] (2017–present){{efn|See<ref name="11 Oct 2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-10-27-iss-today-mozambiques-first-islamist-attacks-shock-the-region/|title=ISS Today: Mozambique's first Islamist attacks shock the region|website=Daily Maverick|date=11 October 2017|access-date=14 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219074309/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-10-27-iss-today-mozambiques-first-islamist-attacks-shock-the-region/|archive-date=19 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="4 Dec 2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/mais-ataque-mocimboa-praia/4148160.html|title=Mais um ataque em Mocimboa da Praia|website=Voz da América Portugues|date=4 December 2017|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226234944/https://www.voaportugues.com/a/mais-ataque-mocimboa-praia/4148160.html|archive-date=26 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="mozambique">{{cite news|url=https://mozambique.co.mz/News/Archive.php|title=50 Killed As Police Attack Islamic Terrorists In Mocimboa De Praia Mozam|access-date=14 June 2018|website=Mozambique|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102073026/https://mozambique.co.mz/News/Archive.php|archive-date=2 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="15 Jan 2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/novo-ataque-de-grupo-armado-faz-cinco-mortos-no-nordeste-de-mocambique_n1052152|title=Novo ataque de grupo armado faz cinco mortos no nordeste de Moçambique|date=15 January 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116170622/https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/novo-ataque-de-grupo-armado-faz-cinco-mortos-no-nordeste-de-mocambique_n1052152|archive-date=16 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="25 Apr 2018">{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201804250074.html|title=Mozambique: Three Islamist Attacks Reported Over Weekend|website=Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo)|date=25 April 2018|access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="29 May 2018">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44289512|title=Mozambique 'jihadists behead' villagers|website=BBC News|date=29 May 2018|access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="6 June 2018">{{cite news|url=http://www.verdade.co.mz/nacional/65954-al-shabaab-mocambicano-mata-mais-12-civis-em-cabo-delgado-presidente-nyusi-mudo|title=Al Shabaab moçambicano mata mais 12 civis em Cabo Delgado; Presidente Nyusi mudo|website=Verdade Online|date=6 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt|archive-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610044140/http://www.verdade.co.mz/nacional/65954-al-shabaab-mocambicano-mata-mais-12-civis-em-cabo-delgado-presidente-nyusi-mudo|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="5 Jun 2018">{{cite news|url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/06/05/atleast7killedinmacheteattackinmozambiquepolicesay/|title=At least 7 killed in machete attack in Mozambique, police say|website=Africa News|date=5 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|archive-date=8 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608013553/http://www.africanews.com/2018/06/05/atleast7killedinmacheteattackinmozambiquepolicesay/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="7 June 2018">{{cite news|url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20180607/444194063365/al-menos-6-muertos-en-un-nuevo-ataque-yihadista-en-el-norte-de-mozambique.html|title=Al menos 6 muertos en un nuevo ataque yihadista en el norte de Mozambique|website=La Vanguardia|date=7 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|language=pt}}</ref><ref name="12 June 2018">{{cite news|url=http://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-four-dead-in-new-terrorist-attack-in-changa-nangade-district-aim-report/|title=Mozambique: Four dead in new terrorist attack in Changa, Nangade district – AIM report|website=Club of Mozambique|date=12 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018|archive-date=18 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718231130/http://clubofmozambique.com/news/mozambique-four-dead-in-new-terrorist-attack-in-changa-nangade-district-aim-report/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="12 Jun 2018">{{cite news|url=http://clubofmozambique.com/news/breaking-insurgents-wreak-death-and-destruction-in-nathuko-macomia-mozambique/|title=Breaking: Insurgents wreak death and destruction in Nathuko, Macomia – Mozambique|website=Club of Mozambique|date=12 June 2018|access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref>}} * 102–227 – [[India–Pakistan military confrontation (2016–present)]] (2016–present) * 99–500 – [[Sand War]] (1963–1964) * 95 – [[2013 Guinea clashes]] (2013)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/95-killed-in-Guinea-clashes/articleshow/21309732.cms|title=95 killed in Guinea clashes|work=The Times of India|date=24 July 2013|access-date=25 July 2013}}</ref> * 84–134 – [[Lahad Datu standoff]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/3/7/nation/20130307175707&sec=nation|title=Lahad Datu: 52 gunmen killed in gunfights so far, says IGP|work=The Star|date=7 March 2013|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Golingai, Philip|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2013/3/9/nation/20130309124623&sec=nation|title=Lahad Datu: Security forces shoot dead one gunman at Tanjung Batu village|work=The Star|date=9 March 2013|access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref> * 82 – [[Quasi-War]] (1798–1800){{cn|date=December 2022}} * 82 – [[North-West Rebellion]] (1885)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-rebellion/|title=North-West Rebellion|last=Beal|first=Bob|newspaper=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2017-02-05|language=en|archive-date=2017-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207000313/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-rebellion/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 71 – [[Paraguayan People's Army insurgency]] (2005–present){{citation needed|date=December 2016}} * 70+ – [[DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey]] (1990–present) * 63 – [[Ten-Day War]] (1991) * 62–72 – [[First Biker War]] (1977–1984) * 56+ – [[Dissident Irish Republican campaign]] (1998–present) * 50+ – [[Castellammarese War]] (1930–1931) * 50+ – [[Tong Wars]] (1800s–1930s) * 46 – [[Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] (1954) * 45+ – [[2020 China–India skirmishes]] (2020–present) * 41 – [[2010 Rio de Janeiro security crisis]] (2010) * 39–111 – [[India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)]] (2014–2015) * 37 – [[2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes]] (2013) * 36 – [[Yama-Ichi War]] (1986-1989) * 36 – [[2016 Niger Delta conflict]] (2016–Present)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.ng/news/national/129658/nigeria-soldiers-kill-15-niger-delta-militants|publisher=TODAY.ng|access-date=30 May 2016|title=Nigeria soldiers kill 15 Niger Delta militants|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530125633/https://www.today.ng/news/national/129658/nigeria-soldiers-kill-15-niger-delta-militants|archive-date=2016-05-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> – Part of the [[Conflict in the Niger Delta]] * 30+ – [[Aldermen's wars]] (1916–1921) * 23 – [[Mafia-Camorra War]] (1915–1917) * 20 – [[Satan's Choice–Popeyes War]] (1974–1976) * 20 – [[2009 Vancouver gang war]] (2009) * 20 – [[Rowan County War]] (1884–1887) * 16 – [[Greene–Jones War]] (1860–present) * 16 – [[Piracy on Falcon Lake]] (2010–present) * 12–61 – [[2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish]] (2017) – Part of the [[Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes]] * 11–30 – [[2008 Kufra conflict]] (2008) * 11+ – [[Tutt–Everett War]] (1844–1850) * 11 – [[Great Nordic Biker War]] (1994–1997) * 11 – [[Gombe Chimpanzee War]] (1974–1978) * 8 – [[2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish]] (2011) * 7 – [[Bellevue War]] (1840) * 2+ – [[Ontario Biker War]] (1999–2002) * 2+ – [[Rock Machine-Rebels conflict]] (2009–present) ==Zane da jadawali== [[File:Wars by Death Toll Chart.jpg|thumb|1000px|center|Bubble chart of wars over 99900 deaths.]] == Manazarta == <references /> 9ixjnpnte11nfh2ctxa6zsalxbjbsdt 0 42267 840281 685544 2026-05-26T13:51:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Calcareous_Soil_Profile,_Seven_Sisters_Country_Park_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1280181.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Bayanan Ƙasa akan Alli a Bakwai Sisters Country Park, Ingila]] [[Fayil:Map Pedology II 1989 - Clayey hillls - Volterra - Touring Club Italiano CART-TEM-026 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Taswiraa mai magana kan padollogy]] '''Pedology''' (daga Girkanci: πέδον, ''pedon'', "ƙasa"; da λόγος, ''tambura'', "nazari") wani horo ne a cikin kimiyyar ƙasa wanda ke mai da hankali kan fahimta da siffanta samuwar ƙasa, juyin halitta, da ka'idojin ka'idoji don yin ƙirar ƙasa, sau da yawa a ciki. mahallin yanayin yanayi.<ref>https://www.yikangmedical.com/ha/product-series/phsiotherapy/</ref> Ana ganin ilimin ilimin kimiyya.<ref>https://www.dar-alifta.org/ha/fatwa/details/20960/yin-magana-cikin-al%E2%80%99amurran-ilimin-likitanci-ba-tare-da-ilimi-ba{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> sau da yawa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan rassa biyu na binciken ƙasa, ɗayan kuma shine edaphology wanda a al'adance ya fi dacewa da aikin gona kuma yana mai da hankali kan yadda kaddarorin ƙasa ke tasiri ga al'ummomin shuka (na halitta ko noma). A cikin nazarin mahimman abubuwan abubuwan da ke faruwa na ƙasa, misali samuwar ƙasa (aka pedogenesis ), masana ilimin ilimin ilmin ilmin halitta suna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga lura da yanayin yanayin ƙasa da rarraba ƙasa, da sanya jikin ƙasa zuwa mafi girma na ɗan lokaci da sararin samaniya. Ta yin haka, masana ilimin ilimin ilmin halitta suna haɓaka tsarin rarrabuwar ƙasa, taswirar ƙasa, da ka'idoji don nuna alaƙar ɗan lokaci da sarari tsakanin ƙasa. Akwai wasu ƙananan ƙa'idodi na ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin ilimin halitta; wato ilimin ilmin halitta da kuma ƙasa geomorphology. '''Pedometrics''' yana mai da hankali kan haɓaka dabarun ƙididdige ƙasa, musamman don dalilai na zayyana kaddarorin ƙasa yayin da ƙasa geomorphology yana nazarin alaƙa tsakanin hanyoyin geomorphic da samuwar ƙasa. == Dubawa == [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|Ƙasa]] ba wai kawai goyon bayan ciyayi ba ne, amma kuma pedosphere, wurin da yawancin hulɗar tsakanin [[Climate|yanayi]] ( [[ruwa]], iska, zazzabi ), rayuwar ƙasa (micro-kwayoyin, shuke-shuke, dabbobi) da ragowarsa, kayan ma'adinai na ma'adinai . na asali da kuma ƙara [[Duwatsu (geology)|dutsen]], da matsayinsa a cikin shimfidar wuri. A lokacin samuwarta da asalin halittarta, bayanin martabar ƙasa a hankali yana zurfafawa kuma yana haɓaka nau'ikan sifofi, wanda ake kira 'horizons', yayin da ake kusantar daidaiton yanayi. Masu amfani da ƙasa (irin su masana aikin gona ) sun nuna damuwa da farko game da yanayin ƙasa. Sun gan shi a matsayin matsakaici wanda kaddarorin sinadarai, na zahiri da na halitta suna da amfani ga ayyukan aikin gona. A daya bangaren kuma, masana ilmin ilmin ilmin halitta da ilmin kasa ba su fara mayar da hankali kan aikace-aikacen aikin gona na halayen kasa ba (dabi'ar kaddarorin) amma dangane da yanayin da tarihin shimfidar wurare. A yau, akwai haɗin kai na hanyoyin ladabtarwa guda biyu a matsayin wani ɓangare na shimfidar wuri da kimiyyar muhalli. Pedologists yanzu kuma sha'awar a aikace aikace-aikace na mai kyau fahimtar pedogenesis tafiyar matakai (juyin halitta da kuma aiki na kasa), kamar fassara ta muhalli tarihi da kuma tsinkaya sakamakon canje-canje a cikin ƙasa amfani, yayin da agronomists fahimci cewa noma ƙasa ne mai hadaddun matsakaici matsakaici., sau da yawa yana faruwa daga dubban shekaru na juyin halitta. Sun fahimci cewa ma'auni na yanzu yana da rauni kuma cewa kawai cikakken ilimin tarihinsa yana ba da damar tabbatar da amfani da shi. == Ra'ayoyi == Muhimman ra'ayoyin ilimin ilimin yara sun haɗa da: * Complexity a cikin ƙasa genesis ya fi na kowa fiye da sauki. * Ƙasa tana kwance a mahaɗin [[Sararin Samaniya na Duniya|yanayi na duniya]], biosphere, hydrosphere da lithosphere . Don haka, cikakken fahimtar ƙasa yana buƙatar ɗan ilimin yanayin yanayi, climatology, [[ecology]], [[Biology|ilmin halitta]], ilimin ruwa, [[Ilimin Kimiyyar Juyin Sifar Kasa (Geomorphology)|geomorphology]], [[Ilmin duwatsu|ilimin ƙasa]] da sauran [[Earth science|ilimomin duniya]] da dama da kimiyyar halitta . * Ƙasar ta zamani tana ɗauke da tambarin matakai na pedogenic waɗanda ke aiki a baya, kodayake a yawancin lokuta waɗannan tambarin suna da wahalar gani ko ƙididdige su. Don haka, ilimin ilmin lissafi, palaeogeography, glacial geology da paleoclimatology yana da mahimmanci don ganewa da fahimtar asalin ƙasa kuma ya zama tushen tsinkaya canjin ƙasa na gaba. * Manyan abubuwa biyar, abubuwan da aka samu na waje ( [[Climate|yanayin yanayi]], kwayoyin halitta, taimako, kayan iyaye da [[Tarihin ilimin ƙasa da duwatsu|lokaci]] ), da ƙananan ƙananan, waɗanda ba a iya ganewa da yawa, suna tafiyar da matakan pedogenic da ƙirƙirar tsarin ƙasa. * Halayen ƙasa da shimfidar ƙasa, misali, lambar, girma, siffofi da kuma shirye-shiryen jikin ƙasa, kowannensu yana da alaƙa da yanayin ƙasa, digiri na homogeneity na ciki, gangara, al'amari, matsayi mai faɗi, shekaru da sauran kaddarorin da dangantaka, ana iya lura da aunawa. * Daban-daban tsarin mulki na bioclimatic ko hadewar tsarin pedogenic yana haifar da ƙasa mai bambanta. Don haka, siffofi na musamman, da ake iya lura da su, misali, tarin yumbu a cikin sararin sama, ana samar da su ta wasu haɗe-haɗe na matakai na pedogenic da ke aiki a kan lokuta daban-daban. * Pedogenic (ƙasa-ƙafa) matakai suna aiki don ƙirƙirar da lalata tsari ( anisotropy ) a cikin ƙasa; waɗannan matakai na iya ci gaba a lokaci ɗaya. Sakamakon bayanan ƙasa yana nuna ma'auni na waɗannan matakai, na yanzu da na baya. * Ka'idodin ilimin yanayin ƙasa na Uniformitarianism ya shafi ƙasa, watau, ayyukan pedogenic da ke aiki a cikin ƙasa a yau suna aiki na dogon lokaci, baya zuwa lokacin bayyanar kwayoyin halitta a saman ƙasa. Waɗannan matakan suna da mabambantan matakan magana da ƙarfi akan sarari da lokaci. * Matsakaicin ƙasa daban-daban na iya haɓaka, lalacewa da/ko koma baya a kowane rukunin yanar gizo, azaman abubuwan halittar ƙasa da abubuwan rukunin yanar gizo, misali, ciyayi, lalata, [[Ilimin Kimiyyar Juyin Sifar Kasa (Geomorphology)|geomorphology]], canji. * Akwai 'yan tsohuwar ƙasa kaɗan (a yanayin yanayin ƙasa) saboda ana iya lalata su ko binne su ta hanyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanayin ƙasa, ko kuma canza su ta hanyar canjin yanayi ta yanayin rashin ƙarfi a saman duniya. Kadan daga cikin ci gaban ƙasa ya koma bayan lokacin Tertiary kuma yawancin ƙasa da saman ƙasa ba su girme Pleistocene Epoch ba. Duk da haka, ƙasƙan da aka kiyaye su ( paleosols ) suna da kusan ko'ina a cikin yanayin ƙasa (na tushen ƙasa) a cikin mafi yawan lokutan yanayin ƙasa. Tun da suna rikodin shaidar canjin yanayi na daɗaɗɗen yanayi, suna ba da babbar fa'ida don fahimtar juyin halitta a cikin tarihin ƙasa. * Ilimi da fahimtar asalin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci wajen rarrabuwa da taswira . * Tsarin rarrabuwar ƙasa ba zai iya dogaro gabaɗaya akan hasashe na asali na asali ba, duk da haka, saboda tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta ba safai ake lura da su ba kuma saboda tsarin ilimin halittar jiki yana canzawa akan lokaci. * Ilimin asalin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci kuma na asali ga amfani da ƙasa. Tasirin ɗan adam akan, ko daidaitawa, dalilai da hanyoyin samar da ƙasa za'a iya sarrafa su da kuma tsara su da kyau ta amfani da ilimi game da asalin ƙasa. * Kasa masana'antun yumbu ne na halitta ( laka ya haɗa da tsarin ma'adinai na yumbu da barbashi ƙasa da 2&nbsp;µm a diamita). Shales a duk faɗin duniya suna, zuwa ga wani adadi mai yawa, kawai yumbu na ƙasa waɗanda aka kafa a cikin pedosphere kuma [[Zaizayar Kasa|ya ɓace]] kuma aka ajiye su a cikin raƙuman teku, don zama mai haske a kwanan baya. == Sanannen likitocin ilimin, yara == * Olivier de Serres ne adam wata * Vasily V. Dokuchaev * Friedrich Albert Fallou * Konstantin D. Glinka * Eugene W. Hilgard * Francis D. Hole * Hans Jenny * Curtis F. Marbut * Bernard Palissy == Duba kuma == * Abubuwan da suka shafi kimiyyar noma * Jerin batutuwan ƙasa * Pedogenesis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline}} [[Category:Ilimin kimiyyar kasa]] 750ixdpd41vkfh4lj1fhv55qhfj5mrx 0 43237 840295 450800 2026-05-26T16:59:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ismael Yacouba Garba''' (an haife shi ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu 1993) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne [[Nijar (ƙasa)|na Nijar]]. A shekarar 2017, ya fafata a gasar ajin fuka-fukin maza a gasar ƙwallon Taekwondo ta duniya da aka gudanar a Muju, Koriya ta Kudu.<ref>http://www.taekwondo-oezer.de/wp-content/uploads/Turniere/20170624-30-WM-Senioren-2017-Poollisten.pdf</ref> A gasar Taekwondo ta Afirka ta 2018 da aka gudanar a Agadir na ƙasar Morocco, ya lashe lambar azurfa a gasar tseren kilo 68 na maza.<ref>https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1063289/olympic-gold-medallist-cisse-suffers-final-defeat-at-african-taekwondo-championships</ref><ref>http://www.taekwondodata.com/resultlist_display.html?tnid=772&cid=senior</ref> A shekarar 2019, ya fafata a gasar ajin fuka-fukin maza a gasar ƙwallon Taekwondo ta duniya da aka gudanar a Manchester, United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Results-%E2%80%93-Day-5-%E2%80%93-Manchester-2019-WTC.pdf |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-08 |archive-date=2019-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522042201/http://www.worldtaekwondo.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Results-%E2%80%93-Day-5-%E2%80%93-Manchester-2019-WTC.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wannan shekarar ne ya wakilci ƙasar Nijar a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka da aka gudanar a birnin Rabat na ƙasar Morocco a shekarar 2019, kuma ya samu lambar zinare a gasar tseren kilo 68 na maza.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190824044029/https://www.ma-regonline.com/results/1381/RESULTS%20DAY%203%20-%2012TH%20ALL%20AFRICAN%20GAMES%20-%20G4.pdf</ref> A wasan ƙarshe dai ya doke Abdelrahman Wael na Masar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 1f2qlby4nh5v0yc55oazp83seoj6i69 0 45470 840447 513142 2026-05-27T10:29:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Elliott & Fry - photograph W. S. Gilbert.jpg|thumb|John Elliott]] [[Fayil:John Elliott Sunset Range (1935).jpg|thumb|John Elliott]] [[Fayil:John Elliott at the age of twenty-two.jpg|thumb|John Elliott lokacin da yana dan shekaru ashirin]] '''John Elliott''', RIBA, (26 Oktoba 1936 - 13 Satumba 2010) wani masanin gine-ginen Biritaniya ne, mai tsara manyan otal-otal da wuraren shakatawa.<ref name="REBEC">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rebec.rs/speakers.php?lang=en&Y=2010|title=Confirmed Speakers/John Elliott|work=REBEC|date=21–23 June 2010}}{{broken citation|date=October 2014}}</ref> An haife shi a [[Portsmouth]], Ingila, an san shi musamman saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] da kuma tsara, 7 star hotel, na [[Emirates Palace Mandarin Oriental, Abu Dhabi|Emirates Palace]]<ref name="Emirates Palace">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cigarambassador.com/en/?p=349|title=Emirates Palace July/August 2010 Issue 28|work=Cigar Ambassador|date=July–August 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323144221/http://www.cigarambassador.com/en/?p=349|archivedate=23 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Gulf News">{{Cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/business/tourism/emirates-palace-hotel-designed-for-visiting-dignitaries-1.279571|title=Emirates Palace Hotel designed for visiting dignitaries|work=Gulf News |date=5 March 2005}}</ref> a [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]], [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]]. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Ilimi === John Elliott (Richard John Anthony Elliott), an haife shi a Portsmouth, Ingila. Bayan ya bar gida yana ɗan shekara 15, ya zagaya Turai kafin ya samu gurbin karatu a Makarantar Architectural Association School of Architecture <ref>Architectural Association School of Architecture</ref> a Landan. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi wani ƙaramin kwas a fannin ƙirar samfura a Makarantar Fasaha ta Tsakiya, <ref>Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design</ref> kafin sa mu tallafin gurabin karatu na gwamnatin, ya kammala karatun digirinsa na biyu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta [[Helsinki|Helsinki, Finland]]. === Farkon aiki === Bayan Finland ya koma Sweden inda ya shafe shekaru uku a ofishin Ralph Erskine. Shekarunsa a Sweden da Finland suna da tasiri mai zurfi a kan tsarinsa na tsara tsarin gine-gine, kuma wannan kwarewar ya Sa'a ka shi, fara mayar da hankali ga ƙira. A cikin shekara ta 1967, John ya zama babban mai tsara gari na farko na [[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]],<ref name="The National">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/the-houses-that-john-built|title=The houses that John built|work=The National |date=27 November 2010}}</ref> inda ya fara ƙwarewa a yankin Larabawa. Da farko yana da alaƙa da abubuwan farko na Abu Dhabi, John yana da alaƙa ta kud da kud tare da Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1918 – 2004), mai mulkin Abu Dhabi kuma Shugaban [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] (1971 – 2004). [[Fayil:John Elliott Sunset Range (1935).jpg|thumb|John Elliott]] Daga baya aikinsa ya kai shi ƙasar [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] yana tsara ayyuka kamar a [[Jami'ar Sarki Abdulaziz|Jami’ar Sarki Abdulaziz]] da ke Jeddah da tuntubar al’ummar Jeddah da birnin Riyadh na gidan sarauta. === Sultan na Brunei === Baya ga gine-gine, John kuma ya yi aiki a na cikin gida da ake kira (interior design), a matsayin abokin gudanarwa na Dale Keller & Associates' Ofishin London. Anan, ya zana gidan sarauta mai girman murabba'in mita miliyan 3<ref name="Conde Naste">{{Cite news|url=http://www.concierge.com/cntraveler/articles/10377?pageNumber=4&all=yes|title=Arabian Nights|work=Conde Nast Traveller |date=August 2006}}</ref> wanda Sultan na Brunei ya ba da izini. === Hong Kong === Ya koma ofishin Dale Keller & Associate na Hong Kong, kuma ya shiga cikin sabbin otal da yawa a Kasar Sin da sauran sassan yankin Gabas. John ya zauna a Hong Kong na tsawon shekaru 13 kuma ya fara aiki tare da Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo 's<ref name="BI-ME">{{Cite news|url=http://www.bi-me.com/main.php?id=19604&t=1|title=Raise the bar on architectural best-practice, industry urges|work=Business Intelligence ME|date=27 April 2008|access-date=27 March 2023|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030052/http://www.bi-me.com/main.php?id=19604&t=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> wanda ya kafa George J. "Pete" Wimberly. === WATG === A cikin 1991, John ya koma Burtaniya a matsayin memba wanda ya kafa kuma manajan darektan, Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo's (WATG) ofishin London. Ya zama memba na kwamitin gudanarwa kuma babban mataimakin shugaban ƙasa, wanda ya ƙware a ayyukan Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Rayuwa ta sirri == John Elliott yana da ƴaƴa huɗu, biyu daga aurensa na farko zuwa Lisbet Frolich, Timo da Maja, da yara biyu daga aurensa zuwa Erika Grohmann, Kelsey da Yolande. John da Erika sun girma Kelsey da Yolande a Hong Kong kafin su koma Birtaniya, inda suka zauna a Sandbanks, Dorset. Shekaru biyu bayan haka suka koma gidansu na Art Deco a shekarar 1930 a Landan, wanda John ya kwashe shekaru da yawa, yana sauya fasalin gidan.<ref name="IDRA">{{Cite news|url=http://blog.idratheagency.com/2010/05/designer-of-7-star-hotel-on-his.html|title=Designer of 7 Star Hotel on His Minimalist Digs|work=IDRA|date=13 May 2010|access-date=27 March 2023|archive-date=20 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520074830/http://blog.idratheagency.com/2010/05/designer-of-7-star-hotel-on-his.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kammalallun ayyuka== === Gine-gine === * Emirates Palace, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * Royal Mirage Daya&Kawai, Dubai, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa * Hilton 2000, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates * The World Resort, Dubai, United Arab Emirates * Wurin shakatawa na Virgin safari, Masai Mara, Kenya * Mövenpick Hotels &amp;amp; Resorts Dead Sea Resort & Spa, Jordan * Jumeirah Beach Residence, Dubai, United Arab Emirates * Masu zaman kansu Palaces, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates * Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts Resort, Oman, Muscat * Sheraton Hotels and Resorts Abu Soma, Soma Bay, Egypt * Mövenpick Hotels &amp;amp; Resorts El Gouna, Misira * InterContinental Hotel Amman, Amman, Jordan * Grand Hyatt Amman, Amman, Jordan * Aqaba Beach Resort, Aqaba, Jordan * Marina Village Ayla Oasis Resort, Aqaba, Jordan * Legoland, Windsor, Birtaniya * Denia Marriott La Sella Golf Resort & Spa, Denia, Spain * Hyatt Regency La Manga Golf Resort, Spain * Hilton International Resort, Mauritius * Gallen, Switzerland * Asibitin Soja, Abu Dhabi, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa * Asibitocin kasa guda uku, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * [[Jami'ar Sarki Abdulaziz]], Jeddah, Masarautar Saudiyya * [[Jami'ar Calabar]], Nigeria * Vilamoura, Algave, Portugal * Villa Gardelius, Stockholm, Sweden * Gidajen Svapavaara Kiruna HSB Gidaje, Tibro, Sweden * HSB Housing, Gyttorp, Sweden * Hasumiyar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom * Coutts & Co Bank, London, United Kingdom * Villa Complex, St.Tropez, Faransa * Philps Petroleum Villa, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * Philips Petroleum Offices, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates === Interior design === * Claridge's, London, United Kingdom (gyara otal) * New Istana Palace, Brunei * Harbour Grand Hotel, North Point, Hong Kong * Cibiyar Siyayya ta City Plaza, Hong Kong === Gogaggen tsari === * Tsarin gari, Trebo, Sweden * Tsarin gari, Gytorp, Sweden * Tsarin Gari, Svapavaara Kiruna, Sweden * Gyaran tashar Norwich, Norwich, United Kingdom * Town Plan, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * Town Plan, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates * Tsarin Gari, Um Al Qwain, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa * Shangri La Resort Master Plan, Muscat, Oman * Aftelqaat Resort Master Plan, Muscat, Oman * Bahwan Resort Master Plan, Muscat, Oman * Ayla Oasis Marina Village Urban Plan, Aqaba, Jordan * Excelsior Hotel, Nanjing, China * Mandarin Hotel, Guilin, China * Swiss Hotel, Beijing, China * Sharm Al Ibli Master Plan, Red Sea, Misira * Babban Tsarin Gidan Giwa na Kasa, Muputo, Mozambique ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1936]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Category:Mutane daga Portsmouth]] 2eg5lwvw173pqlvurwixfct4n726c9j 0 53025 840383 506444 2026-05-27T03:26:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jerin masu gudanar da mulki da gwamnonin [[jihar Yobe]], an kafa jihar a ranar 27 ga watan Agustan 1991<ref>https://nairapostalcode.com.ng/editorial/list/list-of-yobe-state-governors/</ref>lokacin da aka cire ta daga [[jihar Borno]].<ref>https://infomediang.com/yobe-state-history-and-past-governors/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Suna ! Matsayi ! Farkon mulki ! Karshen mulki ! Jam'iyya |- | [[Sani Daura Ahmed]] | mai gudanarwa | 28 August 1991 | 2 January 1992 | soja |- | [[Bukar Ibrahim]] | Gwamna | 2 January 1992 | 17 November 1993 | [[Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|SDP]] |- | [[Dabo Aliyu]] | mai gudanarwa | 9 December 1993 | 22 August 1996 | Soja |- | [[John Ben Kalio]] | mai gudanarwa | 22 August 1996 | 14 August 1998 | soja |- | [[Musa Mohammed (politician)|Musa Mohammed]] | mai gudanarwa | 14 August 1998 | 29 May 1999 | soja |- | [[Bukar Ibrahim]] | Gwamna | 29 May 1999 | 29 May 2007 | [[All People's Party (Nigeria)|APP]]; [[All Nigeria Peoples Party|ANPP]] |- | [[Mamman Bello Ali]] | Gwamna | 29 May 2007 | 27 January 2009 | ANPP |- | [[Ibrahim Gaidam]] | Gwamna | 27 January 2009 | 29 May 2019 | ANPP later [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |- | [[Mai Mala Buni]] | Gwamna | 29 May 2019 | Incumbent | [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |} [[Fayil:Mai mala buni.webp|thumb|Gwamna Mai ci yanzu]] ==Manazarta== 1cg5t0vu0cdbwne1cirdrmh7h1qlaet 0 53048 840384 710585 2026-05-27T03:30:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Seal of Benue State.png|thumb|tabbarin jahar bebue kaman yanda sauran jahohi ke da nasu]] Wannan shine jerin masu gudanar da mulki da gwamnonin [[jihar Benue]]. An kafa jihar Benue ta [[Najeriya]] a ranar 03 ga Fabrairun 1976 lokacin da aka raba jihar Benue-Plateau zuwa jihohin Benue da [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]]. {|class="wikitable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:left" |- !Suna !mukami !Shiga ofis !Barin ofis !jam'iyya !width="40%"|Karin bayani |--valign="top" |[[Abdullahi Shelleng]]<ref name="I am Benue – Benue State" /> | Gwamnan soji |March 1976 |July 1978 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[Adebayo Lawal]] |Gwamnan soji |July 1978 |October 1979 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[Aper Aku]]<ref name=gbbio>{{cite web |url=http://greaterbenue.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=117 |work=Government of Benue State |title=Mr. Aper Aku |accessdate=2010-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711123642/http://greaterbenue.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=117# |archive-date=2011-07-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gwamna |October 1979 |December 1983 |[[National Party of Nigeria|NPN]] | |--valign="top" |[[John Kpera]]<ref name="Gresham Asset Management Limited">{{cite web | title=Gresham Asset Management Limited | website=Gresham Asset Management Limited | url=http://greshamassetng.com/bod/gen-atom-kpera/index.html | access-date=2023-06-06 | archive-date=2023-06-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606072621/http://greshamassetng.com/bod/gen-atom-kpera/index.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> | Gwamnan soji |January 1984 |August 1985 | | |--valign="top" |[[Jonah David Jang]]<ref name="THISDAYLIVE 2022">{{cite web | title=A VOICE OF COURAGE ON THE PLATEAU | website=THISDAYLIVE | date=2022-03-18 | url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/03/18/a-voice-of-courage-on-the-plateau | access-date=2023-06-06}}</ref> | Gwamnan soji |August 1985 |August 1986 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[Yohanna Madaki]]<ref name="I am Benue – Benue State">{{cite web | title=Benue State Governors – I am Benue | website=I am Benue – Benue State | url=http://www.iambenue.com/benue-state/benue-state/benue-state-governors/ | access-date=2023-06-06}}</ref> | Gwamnan soji |August 1986 |September 1986 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[Ishaya Bakut]]<ref name="Guardian 2015">{{cite web |last=Guardian |first=The |title=A Tribute To Ishaya Bakut (1947-2015) - Nigeria and World News |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |date=2015-04-11 |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-tribute-to-ishaya-bakut-1947-2015/ |access-date=2023-06-06 |archive-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606115705/https://editor.guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/a-tribute-to-ishaya-bakut-1947-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Gwamnan soji |September 1986 |1987 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[Idris Garba]]<ref name=benstate>{{cite web |url=http://greaterbenue.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=122 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711123458/http://greaterbenue.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=122 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-11 |title=Colonel Idris Garba |publisher=Government of Benue State of Nigeria |access-date=2009-11-29}}</ref> | Gwamnan soji |1987 |1987 |soja | |--valign="top" |[[Fidelis Makka]]<ref name="Blueprint Newspapers 2022">{{cite web | title=Fidelis Makka, Usman Bayero Nafada: Where are they now? | website=Blueprint Newspapers | date=2022-10-14 | url=https://www.blueprint.ng/fidelis-makka-usman-bayero-nafada-where-are-they-now/ | access-date=2023-06-06}}</ref> | Gwamnan soji |December 1987 |January 1992 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[Moses Adasu]]<ref name="Sahara Reporters 2023">{{cite web | title=Fr Alia And Tempering Expectations By Sesugh Akume | website=Sahara Reporters | date=2023-03-04 | url=https://saharareporters.com/2023/03/04/fr-alia-and-tempering-expectations-sesugh-akume | access-date=2023-06-06}}</ref> | Gwamna |January 1992 |November 1993 |[[Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)|SDP]] | |--valign="top" |[[Joshua Obademi|Joshua O. Obademi]]<ref name="Quadri 2019">{{cite web | last=Quadri | first=Opeyemi | title=History Of Benue State: Past Governors From 1976 Till Date And Natural Resources | website=Actionable Info | date=2019-02-04 | url=https://infomediang.com/benue-state-history-and-past-governors/ | access-date=2023-06-06 | archive-date=2023-06-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606125227/https://infomediang.com/benue-state-history-and-past-governors/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |mai Gudanarwa |9 December 1993 |22 August 1996 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[Aminu Isa Kontagora]] |mai Gudanarwa |22 August 1996 |August 1998 |soja | |--valign="top" |[[Dominic Oneya]]<ref name="Daily Trust 2021">{{cite web | title=Tribute to Brig-Gen Dominic Oneya | website=Daily Trust | date=2021-08-28 | url=https://dailytrust.com/tribute-to-brig-gen-dominic-oneya/ | access-date=2023-06-06}}</ref> | mai Gudanarwa |August 1998 |May 1999 |Soja | |--valign="top" |[[George Akume]]<ref name=nassnig>{{cite web |url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=36&page=1&state=9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202454/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=36&page=1&state=9 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-03-03 |title=Sen. George Akume |publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria |access-date=2009-09-15}}</ref> | Gwamna |29 May 1999 |29 May 2007 |[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]] | |--valign="top" |[[Gabriel Suswam]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-08|title=Group threatens to recall Suswam for alleged neglect of constituents|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/group-threatens-to-recall-suswam-for-alleged-neglect-of-constituents/|access-date=2022-02-21|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> | Gwamna |29 May 2007 |29 May 2015 |[[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]] | |--valign="top" |[[Samuel Ortom]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-24|title=It's Official: PDP's Samuel Ortom wins re-election as Benue governor {{!}}|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/322065-its-official-pdps-samuel-ortom-wins-re-election-as-benue-governor.html|access-date=2021-03-24|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-21|title=Nigerians regret voting for Buhari, APC, says Ortom|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/nigerians-regret-voting-for-buhari-apc-says-ortom/|access-date=2022-02-22|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222143720/https://editor.guardian.ng/politics/nigerians-regret-voting-for-buhari-apc-says-ortom/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Samuel Ortom Archives - The Nation Newspaper|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/tag/samuel-ortom/amp/|access-date=2022-02-26|website=thenationonlineng.net}}</ref> |Gwamna |29 May 2015 |29 May 2023 |[[All Progressives Congress|PDP]] | |- |[[Hyacinth Alia|Rev. Fr. Hyacinth Alia]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2023 |title=INEC Declares Catholic Priest, Fr Hyacinth Alia Benue Gov-Elect |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/03/20/breaking-inec-declares-catholic-priest-fr-hyacinth-alia-benue-gov-elect/amp/ |access-date=2023-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ejekwonyilo |first=Ameh |date=20 March 2023 |title=Catholic priest Hyacinth Alia wins Benue State governorship election |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/589198-catholic-priest-hyacinth-alia-wins-benue-state-governorship-election.html |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2023 |title=Reverend Father Hyacinth Alia wins Benue guber election |url=https://www.thecable.ng/reverend-father-hyacinth-alia-wins-benue-guber-election |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> |Gwamna |29 May 2023 |Incumbent |[[All Progressives Congress|APC]] | |} </onlyinclude> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} luhemiva1fli7mttc23nm3zn782oiao 0 53871 840432 580822 2026-05-27T09:20:46Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Chile_-_Sudáfrica_20181009_11.jpg with [[File:Melinda_Kgadiete_Chile_-_Sudáfrica_20181009_11.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:). 840432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Chile - Sudáfrica 20181009 13.jpg|thumb|hoton chile]] [[Fayil:Melinda Kgadiete Chile - Sudáfrica 20181009 11.jpg|thumb|Melinda Kgadiete]] '''Melinda Kgadiete''' (an Haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Yuli shekarar 1992) ' yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ke buga wasan gaba ga Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies FC da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Afirka ta Kudu . == Aikin kulob == Kgadiete ya buga wa Mamelodi Sundowns ta Afrika ta Kudu wasa. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Kgadiete ta fafata ne a kungiyar kwallon kafar mata ta Afirka ta Kudu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata ta shekarar 2018, inda ta buga wasa daya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1992]] qnto37v43lr11jvasq5ksbja8984j9z 0 53972 840298 827557 2026-05-26T17:10:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Speaker Pelosi with PM Ismail Sabri Yaakob.jpg|thumb|speaker pelosi with PM Ismail Sabri yakob]] Dato 'Sri '''Ismail Sabri bin Yaakob''' (Jawi; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1960) lauya ne kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] na Malaysia wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na 9 na Malaysia daga watan Agusta 2021 zuwa Nuwamba 2022. Shi ne Firayim Minista mafi gajeren lokaci (yana aiki na watanni 15), kuma Mataimakin Firayim Ministan mafi gajeren aiki (yana aiki da kwanaki 40). Shi ne kuma Firayim Minista na farko da aka haifa bayan samun 'yancin kai na Malaya, tsohon Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa na farko da ya zama Firayim Ministan, kuma Firayim minista daya tilo da ya yi aiki ba tare da mataimakin ba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|date=20 August 2021|title=Ismail Sabri picked as ninth PM|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/08/20/exclusive-ismail-sabri-picked-as-ninth-pm|access-date=20 August 2021|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 August 2021|title=Malaysia's king appoints Ismail Sabri as prime minister|url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/malaysias-king-appoints-ismail-sabri-prime-minister-315121|access-date=20 June 2022|website=Astro Awani|language=en|archive-date=23 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223205140/https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/malaysias-king-appoints-ismail-sabri-prime-minister-315121|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3200790/malaysia-election-2022-decision-anwar-or-muhyiddin-pm-nears-sultans-meet|title=Malaysia election 2022: Anwar Ibrahim named PM, swearing in at 5pm|date=24 November 2022|access-date=24 November 2022|work=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> Wani memba na majalisar (MP) na Bera tun daga shekara ta 2004, Ismail shi ne Babban Sashen Bera na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Malays ta Ƙasa (UMNO), wani bangare na ƙungiyar Barisan Nasional (BN). Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban UMNO daga Yuni 2018 zuwa Maris 2023. A sakamakon rikicin siyasar Malaysia na 2020-21, an nada shi a hukumance kuma an rantsar da shi a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 2021 biyo bayan murabus din wanda ya riga shi Muhyiddin Yassin. Ismail ya yi aiki a mukamai da yawa a cikin gwamnatin BN a karkashin tsohon Firayim Minista [[Abdullahi Ahmad Badawi|Abdullah Ahmad Badawi]] da Najib Razak, daga Maris 2008 zuwa asarar babban zaben 2018. Ya kasance Shugaban Jam'iyyar adawa na 15 a cikin gwamnatin Pakatan Harapan (PH) daga Maris 2019 zuwa rushewarta a watan Fabrairun 2020 a cikin rikicin siyasar Malaysia na 2020. A cikin gwamnatin PN, ya kasance sananne a cikin martani na kasar ga annobar COVID-19 a matsayinsa na Babban Ministan Tsaro, kuma daga baya a lokacin kwanaki 40 a matsayin Mataimakin Firayim Minista. Ya jagoranci wani bangare na jam'iyyarsa (UMNO) wanda ya ci gaba da tallafawa Firayim Minista Muhyiddin Yassin a watan Yunin 2021, lokacin da jam'iyyar ta janye goyon bayanta kan yadda gwamnati ke kula da cutar. Bayan wannan ya ƙare a cikin rushewar gwamnati da murabus din Muhyiddin, ya sami nasarar shiga tattaunawa don zama Firayim Minista a watan Agustan 2021 bayan ya sami goyon bayan mafi yawan 'yan majalisa. A matsayinsa na Firayim Minista, Ismail Sabri ya ɗaga Dokar Kula da Motsi biyo bayan fadada shirin allurar rigakafi kuma ya kula da Shirin Malaysia na goma sha biyu. [[Fayil:Fumio Kishida and Ismail Sabri Yaakob at the Prime Minister's Office in 2022 (12).jpg|thumb|Ismail Sabri Yakob suna ɗaga kyauta ]] [[Fayil:Ismail Sabri (52071137554) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ismail Sabri Yakob]] Ismail Sabri ya jawo gardama saboda maganganunsa na tallafawa kabilanci na Malay a Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/1318516-ERARCH293941 |title=Police to quiz Ismail Sabri over boycott call |access-date=2023-08-21 |archive-date=2023-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821150359/https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/1318516-ERARCH293941 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":32">{{cite web|date=13 April 2018|title=Malays will never perish even if Umno loses, assures DAP leader|url=http://www.todayonline.com/world/malays-will-never-perish-even-if-umno-loses-assures-dap-leader|access-date=13 April 2018|work=The Malay Mail|publisher=Today Online|archive-date=18 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818153617/https://www.todayonline.com/world/malays-will-never-perish-even-if-umno-loses-assures-dap-leader|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Rikicin siyasar Malaysia na 2020-2021 * Bera (mazabar tarayya) * Tasirin annobar COVID-19 a kan siyasa a Malaysia == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Commons category-inline|Ismail Sabri Yaakob}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1960]] sewx1nekwlqlt21fvb0jzx90vdr1cx3 0 56246 840274 508311 2026-05-26T12:09:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:A mini dam.jpg|thumb|hoton dam in idon]] '''Idon'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2797952&fid=4335&c=nigeria |title=Idon, Nigeria|website=Geographic Names |access-date=January 21, 2024 }}</ref> gari ne, da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Kajuru]], a kudancin jihar Kaduna, a yankin [[Tsakiyar Najeriya|Middle Belt]], a Najeriya. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 800.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Offices - with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |access-date=2024-01-07 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref> Garin na da tazarar kilomita 69 daga babban birnin jihar Kaduna.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2338961-place-idon.html|title=Idon, Nigeria|work=Places in the World|access-date=21 January 2024}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Sufuri== [[File:Idon-Kachia road.jpg|thumb|Titin Idon zuwa Kachia]] ===Titin jirgin kasa=== Garin Idon yana aiki da wata tashar da ke kusa a kan wani reshe na hanyar layin dogo na ƙasa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na Waje== {{Commons category|Idon}} {{coord|10|06|00|N|07|54|00|E|display=title}} [[Category:Kajuru]] [[Category:Garuruwa a Najeriya]] 03327bk93tja17rcatnx0mgurrlpf3r 0 66644 840427 662105 2026-05-27T08:39:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Animal Welfare Information Center newsletter (IA CAT10401495024).pdf|thumb|Animal welfare and rights in South Africa]] Jindadin dabbobi da haƙƙin dabbobi a Afirka ta Kudu shine game da kulawa da dokoki game da dabbobin da ba na ɗan adam ba a yankin nahiyar [[Afirka]] ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0375-15892013000600002 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-08 |archive-date=2024-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108125601/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0375-15892013000600002 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Stub}} == Nazari == hoa60wcf1syvg444dunj4yqokqzvsqu 0 68690 840310 370547 2026-05-26T19:26:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Jahannama''''' fim ne wanda akai a shekarar 2019 na wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka yi a Najeriya na shekarar 2019, wanda [[Katung Aduwak]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dstv.com/News/Interview-Katung-on-himself-Heaven-s-Hell/51564 | title=Interview: Katung on himself & Heaven's Hell | publisher=[[DStv]] | date=9 May 2013 | accessdate=30 December 2014 | author=Udoh, Esther | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20141230224154/http://www.dstv.com/News/Interview-Katung-on-himself-Heaven-s-Hell/51564 | archivedate=30 December 2014 }}</ref> ya shirya kuma ya ba da umarni; taurarin fim ɗin waɗanda sukai gyare-gyare wanda ya haɗa da [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]], Fabian Adeoye Lojede, [[Bimbo Akintola]], [[Chet Anekwe]], [[Damilola Adegbite]], [[OC Ukeje]], Kalu Ikeagwu, Femi Jacobs, [[Bimbo Manuel]] da kuma Gideon Okeke . <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.36ng.com.ng/2013/04/04/unveiling-the-cast-of-heavens-hell/ | title=Unveiling the Cast of Heaven's Hell | publisher=36NG | date=4 April 2013 | accessdate=30 December 2014 | author=Segun, O. | archive-date=2 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402084127/http://www.36ng.com.ng/2013/04/04/unveiling-the-cast-of-heavens-hell/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.moviemarkers.net/news/details-of-star-studded-heavens-hell-from-katung-aduwak-revealed/ | title=Details Of Star Studded HEAVEN'S HELL From Katung Aduwak Revealed | publisher=Movie Markers | date=16 April 2013 | accessdate=30 December 2014 | author=Cole, Mistah | archive-date=5 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105160737/http://www.moviemarkers.net/news/details-of-star-studded-heavens-hell-from-katung-aduwak-revealed/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> BGL Asset Management Ltd da One O takwas Media ne ke ba da kuɗin kuɗi, tare da tallafin samar da wasu abokan tarayya kamar Hashtag Media House da Jami'ar Aberystwyth . <ref name="360nobs">{{cite web | url=http://www.360nobs.com/2013/04/heavens-hell-the-movie-the-cast-my-point-of-view/ | title=Heaven's Hell: The Movie, The Cast & My Point of View | publisher=360nobs.com | date=12 April 2013 | accessdate=30 December 2014 | author=Adegoke, Segun | archive-date=15 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172501/https://www.360nobs.com/2013/04/heavens-hell-the-movie-the-cast-my-point-of-view/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Fim din, wanda ya samu wani labari na gaskiya, an shirya shi ne a cikin birnin Legas, kuma ya ba da labarin wasu matan gida biyu wadanda dangantakar abokantakarsu ba za ta gushe ba, amma cike da yaudara da cin amana; a cikin duhun da ke shawagi sama da alakar su da ma'aurata. An fara shirin fitar da fim ɗin a ranar ashirin da uku 23 ga Watan Janairu na shekara ta 2015, amma an jinkirta shi saboda tantancewa. A ƙarshe an sake shi a ranar goma 10 ga watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019. == Yin wasan kwaikwayo == * Fabian Adeoye Lojede a matsayin Edward Henshaw * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim|Nse Ikpe Etim]] a matsayin Alice Henshaw * [[Chet Anekwe]] as Jeff Aliu * [[Bimbo Akintola]] as Tsola Aliu * [[Damilola Adegbite]] as Janet Cole * [[OC Ukeje]] as Ahmed * Kalu Ikeagwu as Efosa Elliots * Gideon Okeke as Akanimo * Femi Jacobs a matsayin Mai binciken Popoola * [[Bimbo Manuel]] a matsayin Alkalin Alkalai * Katherine Obiang as Tara * [[Linda Ejiofor]] a matsayin Sakatare * [[Waje|Waje Iruobe]] a matsayin Wakilin Estate == Production == An sanya alamar ''Jahannama'' a matsayin fim din da ke da nufin taimakawa wajen yaki da cin zarafin mata da yara a cikin gida. Aduwak ya ce: "...kamar yadda ake ganin, har yanzu ana fama da tashin hankalin cikin gida da safar hannu na yara a wannan yanki na duniya. Daga karshe, ina son ''Jahannama'' ta 'yantar da mutane. Ina so ya zaburar da wani ya fita daga mummunan dangantaka [ ..] duk abin da zai iya cim ma don sanya duniya ta zama wuri mai hankali". <ref name="ynaija" /> Ci gaban fim ɗin ya ɗauki shekara guda, bayan haka babban hoton ya fara ne a ranar tara 9 ga ga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013 a Jihar Legas tare da manyan jarumai. <ref name="ynaija" /> <ref name="businessday" /> An harbe wasu hotuna biyu a gidan yarin Kirikiri da matsakaitan tsaro a cikin jihar Legas. An kwashe sama da makonni uku ana yin fim a cikin jihar KanoLegas, <ref name="allafrica" /> bayan haka an kai harbin zuwa Wales, inda kuma aka dauki wasu hotuna. An harbe fim ɗin ta amfani da kyamarori na Sony F55, kuma Jeffrey Smith ne ya jagoranci shirya fim ɗin. BGL Asset Management Ltd & One O Eight Media ne suka dauki nauyin aikin, tare da samar da tallafin wasu abokan tarayya kamar Hashtag Media House, da Jami'ar Aberystwyth . <ref name="360nobs" /> === Sauti === Sautin sauti na hukuma daga fim ɗin, mai suna "Yaƙin Duniya na 3", Jesse Jagz da Femi Kuti ne suka yi, kuma an sake shi a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta na shekara ta 2013. == Ci gaba da fitarwa == An gudanar da taron manema labarai na fim din a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013 a Clear Essence, [[Ikoyi]], Legas, inda aka sanar da cewa za a saki fim din a kashi na uku na shekara ta 2013. Sai dai an dage shi saboda wasu dalilai da ba a san ko su waye ba. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2014, FilmOne Distribution a hukumance ya sanar da cewa za a saki fim din a ranar 23 ga Watan Janairu na shekara ta 2015; duk da haka Hukumar Tace Fina-Finai da Bidiyo ta Najeriya ta jinkirta saboda kasancewar wasu "bayyanannu da abubuwan da ke tada hankali". An shawarci ’yan fim da su sake gyara fim din kafin a fito da shi. Rarraba fim din wanda FilmOne ya dauki nauyi a farko, yanzu an karbe shi ta hanyar Genesis Distribution. An fitar da fim din a wasan kwaikwayo a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu na shekara ta 2019. == Manazarta == sh92glvcdebg5govn9ww95nfi37hbt3 0 72226 840421 611986 2026-05-27T07:56:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jibola Dabo''' Listeni ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Najeriya]] wanda ya lashe kyautar ''Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na shekara'' a bikin fina-finai na [[Zuma]] (ZUFF). bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon soja na Nollywood ta hanyar Vanguard media publication. He was [[Vanguard Nigeria|Vanguard]] media publication.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/04/taking-break-acting-politics-jibola-dabo/|title=I am only taking a break from acting for politics – Jibola Dabo|date=2014-04-05|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/amp/2018/12/08/my-grey-beard-is-a-brand-god-himself-gave-me-veteran-actor-jibola-dabo/|title=My grey beard is a brand god himself gave me – Veteran actor Jibola Dabo|date=2018-12-08|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/11/flirting-part-of-the-art-jibola-dabo/|title=Flirting, part of the art - Jibola Dabo|date=2010-11-19|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Dabo ne a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wani yanki na kudu maso yammacin Najeriya wanda yawancin mutanen [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] na Najeriya ke zaune. Dabo ta fito ne daga Owo, wani karamin gari a [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]], Najeriya. Dabo ya sami mafi yawan karatunsa a [[Najeriya]] daga firamare zuwa kwaleji. Ya kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] tare da digiri na farko a Fine Arts . Dabo bayan karatunsa a Najeriya ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don neman digiri na biyu. halarci Jami'ar Jihar [[Columbia]] kuma ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na biyu a cikin Mass Media. == Sana'a == Dabo ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekaru 6, a makaranta, inda ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Dabo ta fara fitowa a cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Najeriya]], [[Nollywood]] ta kasance a cikin shekara ta 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jibola-dabo-actor-says-he-hates-his-gay-role-with-muna-obiekwe-in-dirty-secrets/3tdvw95.amp|title=Jibola Dabo Actor says he hates his gay role with Muna Obiekwe in 'Dirty Secrets'|website=www.pulse.ng|access-date=2019-11-29|archive-date=2020-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213221040/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jibola-dabo-actor-says-he-hates-his-gay-role-with-muna-obiekwe-in-dirty-secrets/3tdvw95.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://expressng.com/2015/02/big-regret-actor-jibola-dabo-hates-self-controversial-role-dirty-secrets/|title=Why Actor Jibola Dabo Can't Forgive Self For Playing Gay Role In 'Dirty Secrets'|date=2015-02-28|website=Entertainment Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref> cikin abin da za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin fim din [[Nollywood]] mafi tayar da hankali na 2009 & mafi mahimmanci na aikin Dabo fim ne mai taken Dirty Secrets Muna Obiekwe in 'Dirty wanda ya nuna a cikin & ya yi aiki tare da [[Tonto Dikeh]] kuma yanzu marigayi dan wasan [[Nollywood]]; Muna Obiekwe. == Kyaututtuka == * Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na shekara a bikin fina-finai na Zuma (ZUFF). == Muradin siyasa == D a cikin 2015 yana da burin siyasa na wakiltar mazabar tarayya Owo a [[Jihar Ondo]] a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya a [[Najeriya]]. == Rayuwa ta sirri == & [[Binta Ayo Mogaji]] suna da ɗa tare. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Carnival mai zubar da jini'' * ''Ra'ayyana'' * ''Mirror da ya fashe'' * ''Wasanni na'' * ''Babban Matsi na Jini'' * ''Canjin Fuskokin Kasuwanci'' * ''Mulkin Duhu'' * ''Kashewa'' * ''Canjin Wasan'' * Dirty Secrets (tare da Tonto Dikeh & [[Muna Obiekwe]]). * ''Sarauniyar Duniya'' * Baron Mai Shiru == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 06co7llaq8fw2a457a31q2mlmt4i0g7 840422 840421 2026-05-27T07:56:04Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 840422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jibola Dabo''' Listeni ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na [[Najeriya]] wanda ya lashe kyautar ''Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na shekara'' a bikin fina-finai na [[Zuma]] (ZUFF). bayyana shi a matsayin tsohon soja na Nollywood ta hanyar Vanguard media publication. He was [[Vanguard Nigeria|Vanguard]] media publication.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/04/taking-break-acting-politics-jibola-dabo/|title=I am only taking a break from acting for politics – Jibola Dabo|date=2014-04-05|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2018/12/08/my-grey-beard-is-a-brand-god-himself-gave-me-veteran-actor-jibola-dabo/|title=My grey beard is a brand god himself gave me – Veteran actor Jibola Dabo|date=2018-12-08|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/11/flirting-part-of-the-art-jibola-dabo/|title=Flirting, part of the art - Jibola Dabo|date=2010-11-19|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Dabo ne a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], wani yanki na kudu maso yammacin Najeriya wanda yawancin mutanen [[Yarbawa|Yoruba]] na Najeriya ke zaune. Dabo ta fito ne daga Owo, wani karamin gari a [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]], Najeriya. Dabo ya sami mafi yawan karatunsa a [[Najeriya]] daga firamare zuwa kwaleji. Ya kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] tare da digiri na farko a Fine Arts . Dabo bayan karatunsa a Najeriya ya ci gaba da karatu a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] don neman digiri na biyu. halarci Jami'ar Jihar [[Columbia]] kuma ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na biyu a cikin Mass Media. == Sana'a == Dabo ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekaru 6, a makaranta, inda ya shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Dabo ta fara fitowa a cikin masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Najeriya]], [[Nollywood]] ta kasance a cikin shekara ta 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jibola-dabo-actor-says-he-hates-his-gay-role-with-muna-obiekwe-in-dirty-secrets/3tdvw95.amp|title=Jibola Dabo Actor says he hates his gay role with Muna Obiekwe in 'Dirty Secrets'|website=www.pulse.ng|access-date=2019-11-29|archive-date=2020-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213221040/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jibola-dabo-actor-says-he-hates-his-gay-role-with-muna-obiekwe-in-dirty-secrets/3tdvw95.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://expressng.com/2015/02/big-regret-actor-jibola-dabo-hates-self-controversial-role-dirty-secrets/|title=Why Actor Jibola Dabo Can't Forgive Self For Playing Gay Role In 'Dirty Secrets'|date=2015-02-28|website=Entertainment Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-29}}</ref> cikin abin da za a iya bayyana shi a matsayin fim din [[Nollywood]] mafi tayar da hankali na 2009 & mafi mahimmanci na aikin Dabo fim ne mai taken Dirty Secrets Muna Obiekwe in 'Dirty wanda ya nuna a cikin & ya yi aiki tare da [[Tonto Dikeh]] kuma yanzu marigayi dan wasan [[Nollywood]]; Muna Obiekwe. == Kyaututtuka == * Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na shekara a bikin fina-finai na Zuma (ZUFF). == Muradin siyasa == D a cikin 2015 yana da burin siyasa na wakiltar mazabar tarayya Owo a [[Jihar Ondo]] a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya a [[Najeriya]]. == Rayuwa ta sirri == & [[Binta Ayo Mogaji]] suna da ɗa tare. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Carnival mai zubar da jini'' * ''Ra'ayyana'' * ''Mirror da ya fashe'' * ''Wasanni na'' * ''Babban Matsi na Jini'' * ''Canjin Fuskokin Kasuwanci'' * ''Mulkin Duhu'' * ''Kashewa'' * ''Canjin Wasan'' * Dirty Secrets (tare da Tonto Dikeh & [[Muna Obiekwe]]). * ''Sarauniyar Duniya'' * Baron Mai Shiru == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gg9miy1rgy19d9y0paapobp1pe53okn 0 75140 840430 523651 2026-05-27T09:18:55Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Chile_-_Sudáfrica_20181009_19.jpg with [[File:Desiree_Ellis_Chile_-_Sudáfrica_20181009_19.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]:). 840430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Desiree Ellis''' OIG (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Maris shekara ta 1963) manajan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tsohuwar ƴar wasa . A halin yanzu tana horar da tawagar mata ta Afirka ta Kudu . Ita ce wacce ta kafa ''Banyana Banyana'' kuma kyaftin na biyu na tawagar kasar.<ref name="iol.co.za">{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/for-love-of-the-game-1.1281968?ot=inmsa.ArticlePrintPageLayout.ot|title=For love of the game - IOL Cape Argus|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48285572|title=Women's World Cup: From meat-packer to South Africa coach|date=2019-06-12|access-date=2019-06-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> An ba ta lambar yabo ta hukumar kwallon kafar mata ta hukumar kwallon kafar Afirka a shekarar 2018 bayan da tawagarta ta kare a matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata da kuma samun tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata a karon farko.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-01-09-desiree-ellis-wins-caf-womens-coach-of-the-year/|title=Desiree Ellis wins CAF Women's Coach of the Year|last=Agency|website=The M&G Online|date=9 January 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-01-04-00-preparing-for-life-after-victory/|title=Preparing for life after victory|last=Ngcangisa|first=Siyabonga|website=The M&G Online|date=4 January 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/may/30/womens-world-cup-2019-team-guide-no-8-south-africa|title=Women's World Cup 2019 team guide No 8: South Africa|last=Crann|first=Joe|date=2019-05-30|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-06-13|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A lokacin wasanta na kulob ɗin ta yi wasa a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na Spurs Ladies a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi. Ta samu karramawa da lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata a shekarar 2022 bayan da Afrika ta Kudu ta dade tana samun nasara a wasan karshe. [[Fayil:Desiree Ellis Chile - Sudáfrica 20181009 19.jpg|thumb|Desiree Ellis]] A cikin Afrilu 2023, Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba Ellis Odar Ikhamanga ta ƙasa saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemmonsbey |first=Keanan |date=2023-04-28 |title=OFF FIELD RECOGNITION: Injured Kolisi honoured with National Order of Ikhamanga |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-04-28-injured-kolisi-honoured-with-national-order-of-ikhamanga/ |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khumalo |first=Juniour |title=Siya Kolisi, Desiree Ellis, Tracy Chapman among 32 bestowed national orders by Ramaphosa |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/government/siya-kolisi-desiree-ellis-tracy-chapman-among-32-bestowed-national-orders-by-ramaphosa-20230429 |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Ellis ya girma a Kogin Salt a cikin 1970s. Ta zauna a wurin kakarta bayan makaranta yayin da iyayenta biyu, mahaifinta Ernest, (wanda ya rasu 1989) da mahaifiyarta Natalie, suke aiki da rana. Babu kungiyoyin mata a wancan lokacin kuma tana buga kwallon kafa da yara maza da ’yan uwanta. Bayan ta gama makaranta sai ta sauke jakar makarantar ta, ta canza kaya sannan ta yi waje da abokan wasanta da ke jira. Mahaifinta ya kan yi mata barazanar cewa zai tura ta makaranta ba takalmi saboda ta lalata takalmanta yayin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Keshia |title=Desiree Ellis inspires a Cape community |url=https://www.iol.co.za/weekend-argus/lifestyle/desiree-ellis-inspires-a-cape-community-c4a14183-8789-4f62-9d6a-52a65c5bdb86 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=IOL - Weekend Argus |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == A ƙarshe Ellis ta sami wata ƙungiyar mata, (Athlone Celtic ita ce ƙungiyar farko da ta fara bugawa) Spurs Ladies yayin da take aiki a wani mahauci a Lansdowne tana haɗa kayan yaji. Ta taba barin garin tare da kulab a karshen mako, ta yi wa masu aikinta alkawarin cewa za ta dawo kan lokaci don aiki amma motar da tawagar ke tafiya a hanyarta ta lalace a hanyar gida, wanda ya sa ta kasa zuwa a kan lokaci. A sakamakon haka, an kori Ellis.<ref name="rsssf.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf-wom-intres.html|title=South Africa - Women - International Results|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ellis ya je gwaji ne ga tawagar kasar kuma ya yi nasara kuma zai buga wasan farko na kasa da kasa. Ta yi karo da [[ESwatini|Swaziland]] tana da shekaru 30 a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1993 a ci 14-0. Ellis ya ci hat-trick, kamar yadda wasu 'yan wasa biyu suka yi. <ref name="rsssf.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf-wom-intres.html|title=South Africa - Women - International Results|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> A wasannin neman tikitin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 1995, Afirka ta Kudu ta doke [[Zimbabwe]] da [[Zambiya|Zambia]] da [[Angola]] da maki 10–1 da 11–5 da kuma 6–4 amma ta sha kashi a hannun [[Najeriya]] da ci 11–2. <ref name="rsssf.com" /> Lokacin da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ta karbi bakuncin gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2000, ta zama kyaftin din kungiyar zuwa matsayi na biyu. A cikin 2000, an zabi Ellis tare da [[Mercy Akide]] da [[Florence Omagbemi]] don [[Gwarzuwar 'Yar Wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Matan Afirka|'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta shekara]] . An ba ta lambar yabo don hidimar ƙwallon ƙafa a wannan shekarar lokacin da ta sami lambar yabo ta Shugabancin Wasannin Silver.<ref name="rsssf.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf-wom-intres.html|title=South Africa - Women - International Results|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ta kuma jagoranci Banyana Banyana zuwa nasarar cin Kofin COSAFA na 2002. A wasanni 32 da ta buga wa Afrika ta Kudu ta yi nasara a wasanni 23, ta yi rashin nasara a wasanni bakwai sannan ta yi canjaras biyu. Ta yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Afrilun shekarar 2002 tana da shekaru 38. == Aikin koyarwa == An nada Ellis kocin rikon kwarya a kungiyar kwallon kafar mata ta Afrika ta Kudu a shekarar 2016 bayan Vera Pauw ta yi murabus bayan fitar da kungiyar a matakin rukuni a gasar Olympics ta 2016. An nada Ellis a matsayin koci a watan Fabrairun 2018 kuma ya jagoranci kungiyar, sannan ya zama na 50 a duniya, zuwa matsayi na biyu a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata, inda ta sha kashi a hannun Najeriya mai rike da kofin sau 11 a bugun fanariti a wasan karshe. ; amma duk da haka, ta kammala na biyu, Afirka ta Kudu ta cancanci zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA karo na farko a 2019 . An ba ta lambar yabo ta Hukumar Kula da Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka a shekarar 2018, 2019 da 2022. Ellis ya horar da Banyana Banyana a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka na farko da suka yi a [[Moroko|Morocco]] a 2022. <ref>Fifa Report, https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/qualifiers/caf/match-center/400239383</ref> Ta kafa tarihi tare da Banyana Banyana ta doke [[Italiya]] kuma ta kai wasan karshe na goma sha shida a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2023 . A watan Satumbar 2023, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Momentum Coach of the Year a lambar yabo ta 18 na fitattun wasanni na mata a Afirka a Wanderers Club a Johannesburg. A watan Disambar 2023, ta lashe kyautar Gwarzon Kocin Mata na CAF a karo na 4, saboda kokarin da tawagarta ta yi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2023. Ellis ya taba lashe [[kyautar CAF]] a cikin 2022, 2019 da 2018. Ta kasance matsayi na 7th a cikin IFFHS Women's World Best Coach ranking don 2023. == Waje kwallon kafa == === Gudanarwa === Ellis tana da ayyukan gudanarwa da yawa a lokacin wasanta na wasa. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta lardin Yamma daga 1994 zuwa 1995 sannan ta zama PRO na kungiyar daga 1996 zuwa 1997. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Librarian a hukumar hoto, Touchline a 2001. === Mai jarida === Ana iya ganin Ellis a talabijin a matsayin mai sharhin ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma ƙwararren masanin gidan talabijin na gida e-TV. Ta kasance jakadiya ga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2010 . Ta kuma yi aiki a [[Gallo Images]] a matsayin editan hoto. == Girmamawa == === Mai kunnawa === '''Afirka ta Kudu''' * Gasar Mata ta COSAFA : 2002 * Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata ta biyu: 2000 '''Mutum''' * Kyautar Nasarar Mobil ta Marubutan Wasanni na WP: 1980 * SAFA Mata Tsakanin Larduna: 1986, 1989, 1992 * Fitacciyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mace Foschini Cape: 1989, 1993 * Gwarzon Dan Wasan WP: 1983, 1993 * Tauraron Wasannin Sanlam na Watan (Nuwamba): 2000 * Kyautar Zinare ta Musamman ta SAFA: 2001 * Kyautar Azurfa ta Shugaban Ƙasa: 2001 * Mandisa Shiceka Role Model Award ta ANC Youth League: 2001 === Manager === '''Afirka ta Kudu''' * Gasar cin kofin Afrika ta mata : 2022, ta zo ta biyu: 2018 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na COSAFA : 2018, 2019, 2020 * [[Gasar kofin Aisha Buhari|Kofin Aisha Buhari]] : 2021 '''Mutum''' * Kyautar Kyautar Wazirin Wasanni: 2017 * Hukumar Kwallon Kafar Mata ta Afirka ta Shekara: 2018, 2019, 2022 * Kocin Na Shekara: 2023 * IFFHS Mafi Kocin Mata na Duniya: Na 7 == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] o4seea65c3z10ffo33tsaj6lii4pgts 0 77194 840375 724593 2026-05-27T01:07:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jannon Jaye Otto''' (an haife shi Afrilu 14, 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando ne ɗan Amurka-Uganda. Tana taka leda a kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Uganda da kuma Embutidos Pajariel Bembibre PDM ta Spain. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Uganda - Basketball: Who is the American Jannon Otto? - At a glance |url=https://sportnewsafrica.com/en/at-a-glance/uganda-basketball-who-is-the-american-jannon-otto/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Sport News Africa |archive-date=2023-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207074459/https://sportnewsafrica.com/en/at-a-glance/uganda-basketball-who-is-the-american-jannon-otto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kawalya |first=Brian |date=June 13, 2023 |title=Nine Foreign-based Players In Gazelles Squad For Afrobasket |url=https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/06/13/nine-foreign-based-players-in-gazelles-squad-for-afrobasket/ |url-status=dead |access-date=March 24, 2024 |website=sportsnation.co.ug |archive-date=December 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213180520/https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/06/13/nine-foreign-based-players-in-gazelles-squad-for-afrobasket/ }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=Jannon Otto - Club Baloncesto Bembibre |url=http://www.cbbembibre.com/player/jannon-otto/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |language=es |archive-date=2024-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112010056/http://www.cbbembibre.com/player/jannon-otto/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Otto a California. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsimbe |first=John Vianney |date=2023-03-06 |title=Jannon Otto: Life of American that has become Uganda’s basketball star |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/77037-jannon-otto-life-of-american-that-has-become-uganda-s-basketball-star |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=The Observer - Uganda}}</ref> Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Oak Hill. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=Najjuma, Jannon To Beef Up Gazelles As Team Enters Residential Camp |url=https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/02/07/najjuma-jannon-to-beef-up-gazelles-as-team-enters-residential-camp/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Live from ground |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213181238/https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/02/07/najjuma-jannon-to-beef-up-gazelles-as-team-enters-residential-camp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta ci maki sama da 2000 a Sana'ar Sakandarenta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Matthew |title=Prep Girls Basketball: Oak Hills' Jannon Otto nears rare 2,000 point mark |url=https://www.vvdailypress.com/story/sports/high-school/basketball/2015/01/23/prep-girls-basketball-oak-hills/35461749007/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Victorville Daily Press}}</ref> == Aikin koleji == Otto ya taka leda a wasan kwando na mata na New Mexico Lobos a cikin 2015-16. Ta koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta UC Riverside Highlanders a cikin 2016 inda ta taka leda daga 2017-2019. == Sana'ar sana'a == Otto ta fara aikinta a bangaren Girka [[Dafni Agiou Dimitriou]] a cikin 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannon Otto añade un perfil distinto al juego exterior del Embutidos Pajariel Bembibre |url=https://www.feb.es/2023/6/1/baloncesto/jannon-otto-anade-perfil-distinto-juego-exterior-del-embutidos-pajariel-bembibre/94080.aspx |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=FEB |language=ES}}</ref> Ta buga kakar 2021-22 a Side TSV Towers Speyer-Schifferstadt a gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus ta biyu, inda ta sami maki 25.5 da sake dawowa 12.5 a kowane wasa. <ref name="pikes">{{Cite web |title=welcome Jannon Otto and welcome back Mikayla Ferenz |url=https://www.pikes.lu/archiv-38145v4/news/35516 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=www.pikes.lu}}</ref> Ta taka leda a kungiyar Rockhampton Cyclones na Australia a cikin 2022 inda ta sami maki 18.9, sake dawowa 7.5 da taimako 1.9 a kowane wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2023-02-06 |title=Gazelles to start residential training ahead of Zone V Women's AfroBasket Qualifiers |url=http://kawowo.com/2023/02/07/gazelles-to-start-residential-training-ahead-of-zone-v-womens-afrobasket-qualifiers/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> Otto ya buga wa kungiyar kwando ta Mata ta Musel Pikes daga Agusta 2022 zuwa Fabrairu 2023. <ref name="pikes" /> Kungiyar ta soke kwantiraginta ne saboda yanke shawarar barinta da taka leda a gasar Fiba Zone Five Women Afrobasket na shekarar 2023 don shiga kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Uganda ba tare da kungiyar ta ba ta damar shiga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsimbe |first=John Vianney |date=2023-03-06 |title=Jannon Otto: Life of American that has become Uganda’s basketball star |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/77037-jannon-otto-life-of-american-that-has-become-uganda-s-basketball-star |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=The Observer - Uganda}}</ref> Daga baya ta shiga kungiyar mata ta Gabashin Mavericks a Ostiraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannon Jaye OTTO at the FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2023 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/player/Jannon-Jaye-Otto |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> Ta shiga bangaren Embutidos Pajariel Bembibre PDM a watan Yuni 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannon Otto añade un perfil distinto al juego exterior del Embutidos Pajariel Bembibre |url=https://www.feb.es/2023/6/1/baloncesto/jannon-otto-anade-perfil-distinto-juego-exterior-del-embutidos-pajariel-bembibre/94080.aspx |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=FEB |language=ES}}</ref> == Kungiyar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Uganda == Otto ya samu damar buga wa Uganda wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=Najjuma, Jannon To Beef Up Gazelles As Team Enters Residential Camp |url=https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/02/07/najjuma-jannon-to-beef-up-gazelles-as-team-enters-residential-camp/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Live from ground |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213181238/https://sportsnation.co.ug/2023/02/07/najjuma-jannon-to-beef-up-gazelles-as-team-enters-residential-camp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta Uganda a cikin 2023 Fiba Zone Five Women Afrobasket qualifiers <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-16 |title=Jannon Otto: We have to keep the same energy |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/basketball/story/jannon-otto-we-have-to-keep-the-same-energy-2023021607151428230 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Zone 5 - Five teams, one ticket available for the 2023 Women's AfroBasket |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/qualifiers/news/africa-zone-5-five-teams-one-ticket-available-for-the-2023-womens-afrobasket |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> inda ta sami matsakaicin maki 17.4, sake dawowa 10.2 da taimako 3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-19 |title=Jannon Otto makes best five at AfroBasket Qualifiers |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/basketball/story/jannon-otto-makes-best-five-at-afrobasket-qualifiers-2023021920561708862 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIBA.basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/qualifiers/player/Jannon-Jaye-Otto |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> Ta halarci gasar Afrobasket ta mata ta 2023 inda ta kare a matsayin wacce ta fi yawan zura kwallaye a gasar da maki 128. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-08 |title=Another award for Jannon 'Gulu Girl' Otto |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/basketball/story/another-award-for-jannon-gulu-girl-otto-2023080813213533683 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannon Otto comes first in Top Scorer Race |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/news/top-scorer-race |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> Ta samu maki 21.3, 7.5 rebounds da 2.5 taimako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannon Jaye OTTO at the FIBA Women's AfroBasket 2023 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/player/Jannon-Jaye-Otto |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> An kuma nada ta 'yan wasa 5 Duk taurarin tawagar gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-06 |title=FIBA Women Afrobasket: 'Gulu girl', Ugandans send mad love to Jannon Otto, after clinching double awards |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/basketball/story/fiba-women-afrobasket-gulu-girl-ugandans-send-mad-love-to-jannon-otto-after-clinching-double-awards-2023080606031743651 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2023-08-04 |title=Women's AfroBasket: Gazelles beat Guinea, settle for 7th place |url=http://kawowo.com/2023/08/04/womens-afrobasket-gazelles-beat-guinea-settle-for-7th-place/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Okonkwo named TISSOT MVP after helping Nigeria to the 2023 Women's AfroBasket title |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/news/okonkwo-named-tissot-mvp-after-helping-nigeria-to-the-2023-womens-afrobasket-title |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda, Uganda: two teams that exceeded expectations at the 2023 FIBA Women’s |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/news/rwanda-uganda-two-teams-that-exceeded-expectations-at-the-2023-fiba-womens |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=FIBA.basketball}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Otto 'yar Kelly Hennessy ce, tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwando ta Jami'ar North Dakota. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jannon Otto - 2019-20 - Women's Basketball |url=https://gohighlanders.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/jannon-otto/5932 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=UC Riverside Athletics}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] 6ufgsnact26lcyq824awwcuv78mnuxs 0 77331 840306 478616 2026-05-26T19:02:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jacolene McLaren''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2001) 'yar wasan hockey ce ta Afirka ta Kudu a tawagar Afirka ta Kudu . Ta shiga gasar Olympics ta matasa ta bazara ta 2018,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lewis|first=Carl|date=2018-09-06|title=SASCOC ANNOUNCES FINAL TEAM SA 2018 YOUTH OLYMPIC GAMES SQUAD|work=EWN|url=https://ewn.co.za/2018/09/06/sascoc-announces-final-team-sa-2018-youth-olympic-games-squad}}</ref> da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIH Hockey Junior ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sahockey.co.za/sa-teams/sa-u21-women/756-sa-u21-women-squad-named-for-junior-world-cup?tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default|title=SA U21 Women Squad named for Junior World Cup - South African Hockey Association|website=www.sahockey.co.za|access-date=2024-04-19|archive-date=2022-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127040004/https://www.sahockey.co.za/sa-teams/sa-u21-women/756-sa-u21-women-squad-named-for-junior-world-cup?tmpl=component&print=1&layout=default|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta halarci [[Hoër Meisieskool Oranje]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=SASHOC - Former Hoër Meisieskool Oranje pupil Jacolene McLaren is among the seasoned international campaigners... #hockey #SouthAfricanHockey #SASHOC &#124; Facebook |url=https://www.facebook.com/SASchoolsHockey/photos/a.128572985666530/265487938641700/ |website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> kuma a halin yanzu tana karatu a Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma. <ref name="auto"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="157">[https://www.backabuddy.co.za/charity/profile/jacolene-mclaren-sport "Jacolene McLaren Sport Cause &#x7C; Charity - Profile"]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="158">''Backabuddy''.</span></cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2019 |title=NWU win 2019 Varsity Hockey title in dramatic shootout! |url=https://varsitysportssa.com/nwu-win-2019-varsity-hockey-title-dramatic-shootout/ |website=varsitysportssa.com |access-date=April 19, 2024 |archive-date=January 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126225213/https://varsitysportssa.com/nwu-win-2019-varsity-hockey-title-dramatic-shootout/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Women's Semi-final Hockey5s ARG-RSA YOG18 13-10-2018 (072).jpg|thumb|Jacolene McLaren]] [[Fayil:Women's Semi-final Hockey5s ARG-RSA YOG18 13-10-2018 (023).jpg|thumb|Jacolene McLaren]] 'Yar'uwarsa [[Leané McLaren|Leané]] ita ma 'yar wasan hockey ce ta kasa da kasa a gasar cin kofin Junior Africa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=South African Women’s U21 team named for the African Qualifier {{!}} SA Hockey Association |url=https://sahockey.co.za/2023/02/11/south-african-womens-u21-team-named-for-the-african-qualifier/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bruwer |first=Ruan |title=Dit wemel van sussies in Oranje |url=https://www.netwerk24.com/netwerk24/dit-wemel-van-sussies-in-oranje-20170127 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Netwerk24 |language=af-ZA}}</ref> == Daraja == ; Arewa maso Yamma (Landarin) * 2022 Babban Mata na IPT - Sashe na B - Dan wasan Gasar <ref>{{Cite web |title=IPT 2022 {{!}} And the champions are… - South African Hockey Association |url=https://www.sahockey.co.za/tournaments/ipt-men/889-ipt-2022-and-the-champions-are |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=www.sahockey.co.za |archive-date=2022-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903192438/https://www.sahockey.co.za/tournaments/ipt-men/889-ipt-2022-and-the-champions-are |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2000]] 0ynumrt97ru12fafayq474l9r2kviyh 0 79067 840316 645442 2026-05-26T21:18:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Cape Town''' ( '''UCT''' ) jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a a [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. An kafa shi a cikin 1829 a matsayin Kwalejin Afirka ta Kudu, an ba shi cikakken matsayin jami'a a cikin 1918, wanda ya sa ta zama jami'a mafi tsufa a Afirka ta Kudu kuma tsohuwar jami'a a yankin Saharar Afirka a ci gaba da aiki. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=University of Cape Town |title=History introduction |url=https://www.uct.ac.za/main/about/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805054850/https://www.uct.ac.za/main/about/history |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=25 May 2020 |website=uct.ac.za}}</ref> An shirya UCT a cikin sassan 57 a cikin manyan jami'o'i shida da ke ba da digiri na farko ( NQF 7 ) zuwa digiri na digiri ( NQF 10 ) a cikin harshen Ingilishi kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CHE {{!}} Council on Higher Education {{!}} Regulatory body for Higher Education in South Africa {{!}} Education {{!}} Innovation {{!}} University {{!}} South Africa |url=https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreite |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524181407/https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreite |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=che.ac.za}}</ref> Gida ga ɗalibai 30,000, ya ƙunshi cibiyoyi shida a cikin yankunan Capetonian na Rondebosch, Hiddingh, Observatory, Mowbray, da Waterfront. Shine ɗan Afirka ɗaya tilo a cikin Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Jami'o'i ta Duniya (GULF) a cikin taron tattalin arzikin duniya, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan jami'o'i 26 na duniya. <ref name="McGill newsroom">{{Cite web |title=Global University Leaders Forum Members |url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GULF_List_pager_2017_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519032944/https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GULF_List_pager_2017_.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2018 |access-date=May 18, 2018}}</ref> Tsofaffi biyar, membobin ma'aikata, da masu bincike da ke da alaƙa da UCT sun sami [[Kyautar Nobel|lambar yabo ta Nobel]] . Ma'aikata 88 suna cikin Kwalejin Kimiyya na Afirka ta Kudu . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Academy of Science of South Africa members |url=https://www.uct.ac.za/main/research/leading-researchers/assaf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928035403/http://www.uct.ac.za/main/research/leading-researchers/assaf |archive-date=28 September 2020 |access-date=30 March 2020 |website=University of Cape Town}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Tarihin farko === An kafa Jami'ar Cape Town a wani taro a Groote Kerk a 1829 a matsayin Kwalejin Afirka ta Kudu, makarantar sakandare ga samari. Kwalejin tana da ƙaramin ɗakin karatu na manyan makarantu, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 1874 wanda ya girma sosai bayan 1880, lokacin da aka gano zinare da lu'u-lu'u a arewa - da sakamakon buƙatun ƙwarewar haƙar ma'adinai - ya ba ta haɓakar kuɗi da ake buƙata don girma. Kwalejin ta ci gaba da zama cikakkiyar jami'a a tsakanin shekarun 1880 zuwa 1900, godiya ga karuwar kudade daga kafofin masu zaman kansu da kuma gwamnati. A cikin wadannan shekaru, kwalejin ta gina dakunan gwaje-gwajen kimiyya na farko, sannan ta fara sassan da suka shafi ma'adinai da ilmin kasa domin biyan bukatuwar kwararrun ma'aikata a masana'antar lu'u-lu'u da zinare da ke tasowa a kasar. Charles Davidson Bell, Babban Jami'in Bincike na Cape Colony ne ya tsara UCT a cikin 1859. Bell kwararre ne mai fasaha wanda kuma ya kera lambobin yabo da tambarin Cape triangular. Wani muhimmin ci gaba a wannan lokacin shine shigar da mata. A cikin 1886 farfesa a fannin ilmin sinadarai, Paul Daniel Hahn, ya shawo kan majalisar ta shigar da mata hudu cikin ajinsa na ilmin sinadarai bisa gwaji. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun aikin ɗaliban mata, kwalejin ta yanke shawarar shigar da ɗalibai mata na dindindin don girmama Jubilee Diamond na Sarauniya Victoria a 1887. Shekaru 1902 zuwa 1918 sun ga kafa Makarantar Likitanci, gabatar da darussan injiniya da Sashen Ilimi. An kafa UCT bisa ƙa'ida a matsayin jami'a a cikin 1918, bisa ga wasiƙar Alfred Beit da ƙarin kyautai masu yawa daga ma'adanai Julius Wernher da Otto Beit . Sabuwar jami'ar ta kuma sami tallafi mai yawa daga masu fatan alheri a yankin Cape Town da kuma, a karon farko, wani gagarumin tallafi na jiha. [[Fayil:UCT_Upper_Campus_landscape_view.jpg|thumb| Duba daga gabas na Babban Harabar a Groote Schuur a kan gangaren Dutsen Iblis; Jami'ar ta koma nan a 1928.]] A cikin 1928, jami'ar ta sami damar matsar da mafi yawan kayan aikinta zuwa Groote Schuur a kan gangaren Dutsen Iblis, a kan ƙasar da Cecil John Rhodes ya yi wa al'umma wasiyya a matsayin rukunin jami'a ta ƙasa. UCT ta yi bikin cika shekaru ɗari a shekara mai zuwa. == Harabar Karatu == [[Fayil:UCT_Jammie_Plaza.jpg|thumb| Sarah Baartman Hall da Memorial Plaza, babban wurin Babban Harabar.]] [[Fayil:Uct-rag-concert-at-kirstenbosch-gardens-001.jpg|right|thumb| Hiddingh Hall Library a Hiddingh Campus a cikin Lambuna, [[Cape Town]] .]] Babban harabar koyarwa, wanda aka sani da Upper Campus, yana kan Estate Rhodes a kan gangaren kololuwar Iblis . Wannan harabar ya ƙunshi, a cikin ɗan ƙaramin wuri, ikon ilimin Kimiyya, Injiniya, Kasuwanci, da Humanities (ban da sassan fasaha), da kuma wuraren zama na Smuts Hall da Fuller Hall. Upper Campus ya dogara ne akan Zauren Sarah Baartman, wurin kammala karatun digiri da sauran al'amuran biki, da kuma gwaje-gwaje da yawa. JM Solomon ne ya tsara gine-gine na asali da tsarin Babban Campus kuma an gina su tsakanin 1928 zuwa 1930. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an ƙara ƙarin gine-gine da yawa yayin da jami'ar ta girma. Upper Campus kuma gida ne ga babban ɗakin karatu, ɗakin karatu na Chancellor Oppenheimer, wanda ke riƙe da mafi yawan jami'a 1.3&nbsp;tarin juzu'i miliyan. Mai ci gaba da Babban Harabar, amma an raba shi da filayen wasanni na jami'a da babbar hanyar M3, su ne Makarantun Tsakiya da Ƙananan. Wadannan cibiyoyin karatun, waɗanda aka yada ta cikin yankunan Rondebosch, Rosebank da Mowbray, sun ƙunshi Makarantar [[Doka|Shari'a]], Kwalejin Kiɗa na Afirka ta Kudu, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki, yawancin wuraren zama na ɗalibai, yawancin ofisoshin gudanarwa na jami'a, da wurare daban-daban na wasanni. . Hukumar kwallon kafa ta duniya FIFA ta amince da tsarin wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] na ciyawa don horar da kungiyoyin gasar cin kofin duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2009 |title=University of Cape Town / Newsroom & publications / Daily news |url=http://www.uct.ac.za/dailynews/?id=7052 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502004654/http://www.uct.ac.za/dailynews/?id=7052 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=20 November 2013 |publisher=Uct.ac.za}}</ref> Babban, Tsakiya da Ƙasashe tare ana kiransa "babban harabar". Makarantar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya tana kan harabar Makarantar Likita kusa da Asibitin Groote Schuur a Observatory . Sashen Fine Arts da Drama suna kan Harabar Hiddingh a tsakiyar [[Cape Town]] . Asalin ginin jami'ar, wanda yanzu aka sani da ''Ginin Masar'', a harabar Hiddingh, an gina shi a cikin salon Tarurrukan Masarawa . Sauran harabar da aka gina ta wannan salon ita ce Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Virginia da ke Richmond, Virginia a Amurka. [[University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business|Makarantar Kasuwanci ta UCT]] tana kan Harabar Breakwater Lodge a Victoria &amp;amp; Alfred Waterfront . == Ƙungiya == === Gudanarwa da mulki === [[Fayil:Mamokgethi Phakeng - Kgethi.jpg|thumb|225x225px| [[Mamokgethi Phakeng]] ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar jami'ar Bakar fata ta biyu bayan Mamphela Ramphele .]] Jami'ar Cape Town an kafa asali ne a matsayin jami'ar jama'a ta wani aiki mai zaman kansa na Majalisar a cikin 1918. A halin yanzu an haɗa shi kuma an tsara shi ta hanyar ka'idar hukuma da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin tanadin [[Higher Education Act, 1997|Dokar Ilimi mafi girma, 1997]] . Shugaban jami'ar shine Chancellor ; wannan matsayi ne na bikin ba tare da ikon zartarwa ba. Babban aikin shugaban jami'a shine bayar da digiri a madadin jami'a, da kuma wakilci jami'ar ga sauran kasashen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chancellor |url=https://www.uct.ac.za/main/about/management/chancellor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411231552/http://www.uct.ac.za/main/about/management/chancellor |archive-date=11 April 2020 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Chancellor na yanzu ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mai ba da agaji Precious Moloi-Motsepe wanda aka zaɓa a watan Nuwamba 2019 kuma ya ɗauki aikin a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2020 bayan karewar Ms Graça Machel ta biyu a jere na shekaru 10. {| class="wikitable" align="center" ! colspan="4" |Shugabannin Jami'o'i & Mataimakan Shugabanni |- ! colspan="2" | Chancellor ! colspan="2" | Mataimakin shugaban jami'a |- ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Lokaci ! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" | Suna ! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Lokaci ! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" | Suna |- | style="text-align: center;" | 1918-1936 | HRH Yariman Wales (Edward VIII na gaba) | style="text-align: center;" | 1918-1938 | Sir John Carruthers Beattie |- | style="text-align: center;" | 1936-1950 | Field Marshal Jan Smuts | style="text-align: center;" | 1938-1947 | AW Falconer |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | 1950-1967 | rowspan="3" | Hon. Mista Justice Albert van der Sandt Centlivres | style="text-align: center;" | 1948-1955 | TB Davie |- | style="text-align: center;" | 1956-1957 | RW James, a cikin iya aiki |- | style="text-align: center;" | 1958-1967 | Jacobus Duminy |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | 1967-1999 | rowspan="3" | Harry Oppenheimer | style="text-align: center;" | 1968-1980 | Sir Richard Luyt |- | style="text-align: center;" | 1981-1996 | Stuart J Saunders |- | style="text-align: center;" | 1996-2000 | Mamphela Ramphele |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | 1999-2019 | rowspan="2" | Graca Machel | style="text-align: center;" | 2000-2008 | [[Njabulo Ndebele]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | 2008-2018 | Matsakaicin Farashin |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | 2019 - yanzu | rowspan="3" | Moloi-Motsepe mai daraja | style="text-align: center;" | 2018-2023 | [[Mamokgethi Phakeng]] |- | style="text-align: center;" | 2023-2024 | Daya Reddy, wucin gadi |- | style="text-align: center;" | 2024- | Mosa Moshabela, zabe |} === Bangaren ilimi === Jami'ar ta ƙunshi Faculties guda shida (Kasuwanci, Injiniya da Gina Muhalli, Kimiyyar Lafiya, Shari'a, Kimiyya da Ilimin Dan Adam) waɗanda suka haɗa da sassa 57. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty factsheets |url=https://www.uct.ac.za/main/faculties-departments/faculty-factsheets |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411224018/http://www.uct.ac.za/main/faculties-departments/faculty-factsheets |archive-date=11 April 2020 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Dean <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deans |url=https://www.uct.ac.za/main/about/management/deans |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411224701/http://www.uct.ac.za/main/about/management/deans |archive-date=11 April 2020 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=University of Cape Town}}</ref> ne ke ba da ikon koyarwa kuma Darakta ne ke gudanar da ayyukan su na gudanarwa da gudanarwa. Majalisar dattijai ta ba wa manyan jami'o'in iko iko a cikin lamuran ilimi kan ka'idojin cikin gida da gudanar da su kamar kan batutuwan da suka shafi jaddawalin aji, buƙatun shigar da karatu, keɓe ilimi, jarrabawa, ayyukan bincike da sauransu. Faculty sun bambanta sosai a girman ɗalibi kuma a cikin gine-ginen da aka mamaye, tare da sashin Kasuwancin yana da mafi girman yawan ɗalibai kuma sashin doka yana da mafi ƙanƙanta yayin da sashin ilimin ɗan adam ya mamaye mafi yawan gine-ginen da Faculty of Health Sciences tare da Kasuwanci da ikon Doka suna da ( ta nisa) mafi ƙarancin sawun jiki. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Year in Review 2018 |url=http://www.news.uct.ac.za/images/userfiles/files/yearinreview/UCT_YearInReview_2018.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330025151/http://www.news.uct.ac.za/images/userfiles/files/yearinreview/UCT_YearInReview_2018.pdf |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=30 March 2020 |website=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Duk da rukunonin bincike da cibiyoyi, akwai ƙarin tsarin ilimi waɗanda ke nisanta tsarin ƙungiyoyin da suka dogara da su. Cibiyar Ilimi ta Multidisciplinary don Haɓaka Ilimi mai zurfi tana kan matakin daidai kamar yadda ikon tunani da Makarantar Digiri na Kasuwanci ta UCT ke kula da lamuran cikin gida duk da kasancewar suna cikin Sashen Kasuwanci. Makarantar Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Interdisciplinary, wacce ta ƙunshi Sassan Tsarin Watsa Labarai da na Kimiyyar Kwamfuta a cikin Kasuwanci da ikon ilimin kimiyya ba malami ba ne kuma ba sashe bane amma tsarin daidaitawa don haɓaka ilimin IT da bincike. An jera sassan makarantun kamar haka: [[Fayil:Department-of-Botany_door.JPG|thumb| Shigar Laburaren Bolus Herbarium a Sashen Ginin Botany.]] '''Tsangayar Kasuwanci''' <ref name="Commerce">{{Cite web |title=Commerce |url=https://www.news.uct.ac.za/images/userfiles/files/publications/factsheets/UCT_FactSheet_08_Commerce.pdf |access-date=22 February 2022 |publisher=University of Cape Town |archive-date=18 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918001010/https://www.news.uct.ac.za/images/userfiles/files/publications/factsheets/UCT_FactSheet_08_Commerce.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Accounting * Makarantar Tattalin Arziki (wanda aka kafa tare da Faculty of Humanities) * Ma'aikatar Kudi da Haraji * Sashen Watsa Labarai * Makarantar Mulkin Jama'a ta Nelson Mandela * Makarantar Nazarin Gudanarwa * Sashin Cigaban Ilimi * [[University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business|Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Graduate]] '''Tsangayar Injiniya da Gina Muhalli''' <ref name="Engineering">{{Cite web |title=Commerce |url=https://www.ebe.uct.ac.za |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803080525/http://www.ebe.uct.ac.za/ |archive-date=3 August 2017 |access-date=4 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref>   '''Makarantar Kimiyyar Lafiya''' <ref name="Health">{{Cite web |title=Commerce |url=https://www.health.uct.ac.za |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802065415/http://www.health.uct.ac.za/ |archive-date=2 August 2017 |access-date=4 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref>   == Sanannen tsofaffin ɗalibai da ma'aikata == <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:123px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Christiaan_Barnard_1969.jpg|alt=|124x124px]]</img></div><div class="thumbcaption"> [[Christiaan Barnard]] wanda ya yi wa ɗan adam dashen zuciya na farko ya kasance tsofaffi kuma malami</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:89px;max-width:89px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:123px;overflow:hidden">[[File:JM_Coetzee_redux.jpg|alt=|123x123px]]</img></div><div class="thumbcaption">[[Nobel Prize for Literature]] Laureate, [[J. M. Coetzee|JM Coetzee]]</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:123px;overflow:hidden">[[File:Mamphele_Ramphele_3.jpg|alt=|124x124px]]</img></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tsohuwar Mataimakin Shugaban UCT kuma Manajan Darakta na [[World Bank|Bankin Duniya]], [[Mamphela Ramphele]]</div></div></div></div></div>Tsofaffi biyar na Jami'ar Cape Town sun sami lambar yabo ta Nobel: Ralph Bunche, masanin kimiyyar siyasa na Amurka kuma jami'in diflomasiyya ya ba da lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel a 1950 saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin Yarjejeniyar Armistice na 1949, Farfesa [[Allan MacLeod Cormack|Allan McLeod Cormack]], masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya ba da kyautar Nobel a fannin likitanci. (1979) don aikinsa akan X-ray da aka lissafta tomography, Max Theiler, virologist ya ba da lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin Physiology ko Medicine a 1951 don haɓaka maganin rigakafi da zazzabin rawaya, Sir Aaron Klug, masanin ilimin kimiyya da biophysicist sun ba da lambar yabo ta Nobel a Chemistry (1982). ) don ci gabansa na microscopy electron crystallographic da kuma tsarin tsarinsa na mahimmancin kwayoyin acid-protein na kwayoyin halitta da kuma Farfesa Emeritus JM Coetzee ( Littattafai, 2003). <ref>{{Cite web |title=The University of Cape Town |url=http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-the-university-of-cape-town |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731201353/http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-the-university-of-cape-town |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=31 July 2017 |website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> Daliban UCT sun ci gaba da samun mukamai a fannin ilimi, siyasa da sauran fannoni kamar haka. Dangane da binciken da ba takwarorinsu ba wanda Mail &amp;amp; Guardian suka gudanar a cikin 2018, 6% na membobin Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu sun sami digiri daga UCT (binciken yana da samfurin 247 daga cikin 449 MPs). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2018-11-30 |title=Off to Parliament, educated or not |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-11-30-00-off-to-parliament-educated-or-not/ |access-date=2022-01-21 |website=[[Mail & Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Ministocin Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu, Naledi Pandor da Ebrahim Patel, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban [[Bankin Duniya]] kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar UCT, Mamphela Ramphele, Likitan likitan Afirka ta Kudu Christiaan Barnard, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooper |first=David K.C. |date=2018-06-18 |title=Christiaan Barnard—The surgeon who dared: The story of the first human-to-human heart transplant |journal=Global Cardiology Science & Practice |volume=2018 |issue=2 |page=11 |doi=10.21542/gcsp.2018.11 |pmc=6062759 |pmid=30083541}}</ref> marubuci ɗan Afirka ta Kudu Breyten Breytenbach, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Breyten Breytenbach |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/breyten-breytenbach |access-date=2022-01-21 |website=[[South African History Online]]}}</ref> Kudu Dan kasuwa na Afirka kuma mai kirkiro a bayan Ubuntu, Mark Shuttleworth, dan gwagwarmayar Afirka ta Kudu kuma alkali Albie Sachs, <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Judge Albert Louis "Albie" Sachs |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/judge-albert-louis-albie-sachs |access-date=2022-01-21 |website=[[South African History Online]]}}</ref> tsohon memba na kungiyar kiɗan Afirka ta Kudu Freshlyground, Zolani Mahola, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zolani Mahola |url=https://academicmedicaleducation.com/zolani-mahola |access-date=2022-01-21 |website=[[Academic Medical Education]] |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213084653/https://academicmedicaleducation.com/zolani-mahola |url-status=dead }}</ref> ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu Zapiro <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jonathan Shapiro |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/jonathan-shapiro |access-date=2022-01-21 |website=South African History Online}}</ref> da kuma tsohon kakakin Nationalasa. Majalisar Afirka ta Kudu, Baleka Mbete <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Baleka Mbete, Ms |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/baleka-mbete-honourable |access-date=2022-01-21 |website=[[Government of South Africa]]}}</ref> suna cikin tsofaffin daliban jami'a. Da fatan za a koma zuwa Jerin Manyan tsofaffin tsofaffi na Jami'ar Cape Town don ƙarin bayani kan fitattun tsofaffin ɗaliban UCT. == Hotuna == <gallery mode="nolines" widths="200px" heights="200px"> Fayil:University_of_Cape_Town_-_panoramio.jpg|alt=Memorial Plaza on Upper Campus viewed from the columns of the Sarah Baartman Hall|Plaza Memorial on Upper Campus da aka duba daga ginshiƙan Zauren Sarah Baartman Fayil:University_of_Cape_Town_-_panoramio_(3).jpg|alt=The Oracle Fountain next to the Department of Mathematics Building; inspired by the I Ching trigrams on the Taoist sun disc|Fountain Oracle kusa da Ginin Sashen Lissafi; wani dagaI Ching trigramsakan faifan rana[[Taoism|Taoist]] Fayil:Fuller_Hall,_University_of_Cape_Town.jpg|alt=Fuller Hall, a student residence on Upper Campus built in 1928|Fuller Hall, cikin ɗalibi a Upper Campus wanda aka gina a cikin 1928 Fayil:UCT_rugby_fields.jpg|alt=The rugby fields that separate the Upper Campus and Middle Campus|Filayen rugby ke raba Babban Harabar da Tsakiya Fayil:Cape_Town_M3_passing_UCT.jpg|alt=The M3 highway that separates the Upper Campus and Middle Campus; a tunnel beneath the highway connects the two campuses.| Babbar hanyar M3da ke raba Babban Harabar da Tsakiya; wani rami da ke babbar hanyar ya kawo da biyu. Fayil:UCT_Middle_Campus_-_The_Japonica_Walk_02.JPG|alt=The Japonica Walk, a footpath connecting the Upper, Middle and Lower Campuses; it is lined with various flora, including japonica flowers and oak trees.|Tafiya ta Japonica, hanyar tashar da ta matakan da yanken Sama, Tsakiya da kulawa; an lullube shi da furanni iri-iri, gami dafuranni japonicada bishiyar itacen oak. Fayil:Devil's_Peak_seen_up_Japonica_Walk.jpg|alt=The Japonica Walk, looking towards the Summer House Pavilion|Tafiya ta Japonica, tana kallon Pavilion na Gidan ajiye Fayil:The_Summer_House,_UCT_Middle_Campus.jpg|alt=The Summer House Pavilion, built c. 1760, is one of the oldest buildings in South Africa.|Gidan Gidan Rani, wanda aka gina{{Circa|1760}}, yana daga daga cikin dalilan gine-gine a Afirka ta Kudu. Fayil:Woolsack.jpg|alt=The Woolsack Building; it was a refuge for writers and artists, and also where Rudyard Kipling spent his summers between 1900 and 1908.|Ginin Woolsack; shafin ce ga marubuta da masu fasaha, sannan kuma indaRudyard Kiplingya shafe lokacin tsakanin 1900 zuwa 1908. Fayil:UCT_Jammie_steps.jpg|alt=The famous steps on Upper Campus leading up to the Sarah Baartman Hall, nicknamed the "Jammie steps"|Shahararrun gaggawa da ke kan Babban Harabar da ke kai wa Sarah Baartman Hall, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "Jammie alamar" Fayil:Kaapstad27.JPG|alt=The Jagger Library, housing rare books and special collections|Laburaren Jagger, littattafan litattafai masu wuyar gaske da tarin musamman Fayil:Kaapstad33.JPG|alt=View from the Chancellor Oppenheimer Library|Duba daga Laburaren Chancellor Oppenheimer Fayil:FitzPatrick_Institute_1.jpg|alt=Entrance to the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology|ShigaPaul FitzPatrick na Afirka ta Ornithology Fayil:Mowbray_3_Avenue_Road.JPG|alt=Student Housing and Residence Life Building|Gidan Dalibai da Gina Rayuwa Fayil:Breakwater_Prison.jpg|alt=The Breakwater Lodge, which houses the UCT Graduate School of Business|TheBreakwater Lodge, wanda ke da[[UCT Graduate School of Business]] Fayil:UCT_Leslie_Social_Science_classroom.JPG|alt=A lecture theatre in the Leslie Social Science Building (Faculty of Humanities)|Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na lecture a cikin Leslie Social Science Building (Faculty of Humanities) </gallery> == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hsqy3p6el3k2ykrfspqfhnyadi3pfm8 0 79187 840342 813807 2026-05-26T21:38:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Technical University of Kenya sports day in Nyayo Stadium.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:The Technical University of Kenya.jpg|thumb|hutun Jami a Kanye ]] '''Jami'ar Fasaha ta [[Kenya]]''' (TU-K) jami'a ce ta jama'a a [[Nairobi]], Kenya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission for University Education - Status Of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya) - Status Of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya) |url=http://www.cue.or.ke/index.php/status-of-universities-universities-authorized-to-operate-in-kenya-1 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=www.cue.or.ke}}</ref> Shugaba Mwai Kibaki ne ya ba da hayar a watan Janairun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2013 |title=The Universities Act 2012 (No. 42 of 2012): Charter for the Technical University of Kenya |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/sites/default/files/downloads/signed-charter.pdf |access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> == Tarihi == Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kenya ta girma ne daga Kenya Polytechnic . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta Kenya a shekarar 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> An gabatar da shawarwari don kafa cibiyar fasaha a Nairobi a cikin Rahoton Willoughby da aka buga a 1949. Wannan ya haifar da kirkirar Kwalejin Fasaha ta Gabashin Afirka (RTCEA). <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-28 |title=The First Technical University in Kenya |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201200/http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufar ita ce ta kafa kwalejin fasaha a Nairobi wanda zai ba da ilimi da horo a matakin fasaha da na kwararru na yankuna uku na Gabashin Afirka na [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], da Tanganyika. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a kowane yanki ya kamata a sami ɗalibai da suka isa su shiga RTCEA. Yayinda Uganda da Tanganyika suka kafa cibiyoyin fasaha a Kampala da [[Dar es Salaam]] don shirya 'yan takara don shiga RTCEA, Kenya ta zaɓi gabatar da raƙuman aji a ƙarƙashin sunan Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya (KTI) a RTCEA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-28 |title=The First Technical University in Kenya |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201200/http://tukenya.ac.ke/the-granting-of-the-charter |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1960 an yanke shawarar cewa Royal Technical College of East Africa ya kamata ya faɗaɗa aikinsa don bayar da digiri. Don haka a cikin 1960, an ba RTCEA izinin bayar da digiri na Jami'ar London a ƙarƙashin tsari na musamman. A karkashin wannan sabon matsayi, kwalejin ya canza sunansa zuwa Royal College Nairobi . Yayinda kwalejin ke faɗaɗa aikinta, ba zai yiwu a ci gaba da karɓar ɗaliban Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya ba saboda matsin lamba a sararin samaniya. Sakamakon haka, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya ta buƙaci a ƙaura zuwa shafinta. A lokaci guda an yi la'akari da cewa ya kamata a motsa shirye-shiryen Diploma daga RTCEA zuwa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya. Sakamakon haka, don bayar da horo a matakin difloma, Gwamnati ta kafa Kenya Polytechnic daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kenya. Kenya Polytechnic ta kafa kanta don horar da ma'aikatan matsakaicin matakin a ƙasar. Tana cikin gundumar kasuwanci ta tsakiya ta Nairobi a gaban Hasumiyar Times kuma tare da Haile Selassie Avenue kusa da Ofishin Jakadancin City Square. Yana ba da shirye-shiryen TVET (Ilimi da Horarwa na Fasaha da Kwarewa) da kuma shirye-shirye na digiri.<ref name="UNESCO-UNEVOC">{{Cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title=What is TVET? |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=What+is+TVET |access-date=23 December 2017 |website=UNESCO-UNEVOC |publisher=UNESCO |archive-date=5 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170214/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=What+is+TVET |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga cikin shirye-shiryen da aka bayar a TU-K sune: DipTech, BTech, BPhil, BEng da BSc. == An ƙaddamar da digiri na baya-bayan nan == A watan Yulin 2009, kwalejin jami'a tana da rukunin farko na shirye-shiryen karatu da Majalisar Dattijai ta amince da su a Jami'ar Nairobi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> Darussan suna cikin fannonin injiniyan lantarki da lantarki kuma sun hada da Bachelor of Engineering (B. Eng. a cikin Injiniyan Lantarki da Lantarki, Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) a cikin Fasahar Injiniyan lantarki da Lantarki na Lantarki, da Diploma a Fasaha (Dip. Tech.) a cikin Injin Lantarki da Injiniyan Wutar Lantarki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> An tsara shirye-shiryen don rufe shekaru biyar, hudu, da uku na karatu don B.Eng., B.Fasahar zamani., da kuma Dip. Fasahar zamani. Kungiyar farko ta daliban digiri sun shiga kwalejin a watan Janairun 2009 kuma wani bangare daga cikinsu tun daga lokacin ya gamsar da Kwamitin Masu Bincike kuma an ba da shawarar don ba da digiri a taron 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |last=tukict |date=2013-01-31 |title=TU-K Profile - The Historical Background |url=http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=The Technical University of Kenya |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619065951/http://tukenya.ac.ke/tu-k-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tsangayu == === Kwalejin Injiniya da Ginin Muhalli === * Makarantar Gine-gine da Ginin Muhalli <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Architecture and the Built Environment - Technical University of Kenya - SABE |url=http://sabe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sabe.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529175247/https://sabe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Injiniyan Lantarki da Lantarki <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sest.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sest.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624033459/https://sest.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Infrastructure da Resource Engineering <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Infrastructure and Resource Engineering - Technical University of Kenya - School of Infrastructure and Resource Engineering - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sire.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sire.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621071231/https://sire.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Injiniya da Injiniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Mechanical and Process Engineering - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://smpe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=smpe.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906025409/https://smpe.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Bincike da Kimiyya ta Geospatial <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Surveying and Geospatial Sciences - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://ssgs.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ssgs.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613051250/https://ssgs.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Injiniya Innovation da Production <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Science and Technology Studies - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://ceip.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ceip.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626220927/http://ceip.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Injiniya Kimiyya da Fasaha * Makarantar Bayanai da Fasahar Sadarwa === Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha === * Makarantar Kimiyya da Rayuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Biological and Life Sciences - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sbls.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sbls.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821161722/https://sbls.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kwamfuta da Fasahar Bayanai <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Computing and Information Technologies - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://scit.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=scit.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513102356/https://scit.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Lafiya <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Health Sciences and Technology - Technical University of Kenya - SHST |url=http://shst.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=shst.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528040405/https://shst.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Lissafi da Kimiyya ta Yanzu<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=School of Mathematics and Actuarial Science |url=http://smas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=Technical University of Kenya |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521171209/https://smas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jiki <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Physical Sciences and Technology - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://spas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=spas.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624070204/https://spas.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya da Fasaha <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre for Science and Technology Studies - The Technical University of Kenya |url=http://csts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=csts.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531131845/https://csts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya Mai Tsarki da Aikace-aikace === Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jama'a === * Makarantar Kasuwanci da Nazarin Gudanarwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Business and Management Studies - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://sbms.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=sbms.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511065123/https://sbms.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Fasaha da Fasaha <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Creative Arts & Technologies - SCAT |url=http://scat.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=scat.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614175640/https://scat.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Karɓar Baƙi da Nazarin Yawon Bude Ido <s>Gudanarwa</s><ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Hospitality and Tourism Studies - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://shtm.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=shtm.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2024-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613235203/https://shtm.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Nazarin Jama'a da Ci Gaban <s>Nazarin Fasaha</s><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - School of Social and Development Studies - Technical University of Kenya |url=http://ssds.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ssds.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626220957/http://ssds.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Bayanai da Nazarin Sadarwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=School of Information and Communication Studies - TU-K |url=http://ssts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=ssts.tukenya.ac.ke |archive-date=2020-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221008/http://ssts.tukenya.ac.ke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Shahararrun ɗalibai == == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://tukenya.ac.ke Shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Fasaha ta Kenya] === Shafukan labarai === * [http://balondor.blogspot.com Labaran Cashmere] * [http://gatogonnabbe.blogspot.com Gonnabbe] * [http://seweofficial.blogspot.com Satellite] * [http://valgqui.blogspot.com/ Rubuce-rubucen marubutan da ba su da sha'awa] * [http://TheGuide.co.ke/ Jagoran Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002222244/https://theguide.co.ke/ |date=2023-10-02 }} 76flx6hnsfp9yfwzh3nb24jk34uou6l 0 79201 840315 743031 2026-05-26T21:10:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Batna 2''' (Mostefa Ben Boulaïd ) (Arabic) Jami'ar jama'a ce ta [[Aljeriya]] mai zaman kanta [1] da ke Fesdis, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Algérie Presse Service - Deux universités, désormais à Batna |url=http://www.aps.dz/regions/26286-deux-universit%25C3%25A9s,-d%25C3%25A9sormais-%25C3%25A0-batna |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320115423/http://www.aps.dz/regions/26286-deux-universit%25C3%25A9s,-d%25C3%25A9sormais-%25C3%25A0-batna |archive-date=2016-03-20 |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=www.aps.dz}}</ref> Wilaya na Batna a Aljeriya .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Batna : Le pôle universitaire de Fesdis opérationnel dès la prochaine rentrée |url=http://www.djazairess.com/fr/batnainfo/1715 |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=Djazairess |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203185757/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/batnainfo/1715 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kafa shi a 1977 a matsayin Jami'ar Batna sannan aka sake fasalinsa a watan Yulin 2015 ta hanyar dokar shugaban kasa, wanda ya haifar da rabuwa zuwa jami'o'i biyu daban-daban, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Batna: Université Batna 1 et université Batna 2, deux administrations distinctes |url=http://www.djazairess.com/fr/batnainfo/4572 |access-date=2016-03-07 |website=Djazairess |archive-date=2025-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250620164722/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/batnainfo/4572 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jami'ar batna 1 da Jami'arbatna 2.<ref>{{Cite web |title=L’université, partenaire de 24 établissements étrangers - L'Est Républicain |url=http://www.lestrepublicain.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=28157:l%25E2%2580%2599universit%25C3%25A9-partenaire-de-24-%25C3%25A9tablissements-%25C3%25A9trangers&Itemid=651 |access-date=2016-03-08 |website=www.lestrepublicain.com }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=12 July 2015 |title=Décret portant sur la création de l'Université de Batna 2 |url=http://www.joradp.dz/FTP/jo-francais/2015/F2015038.pdf |journal=www.joradp.dz}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2017, an sanya sunan jami'ar ne bayan jarumin Aljeriya mai suna Mostefa Ben Boulaïd . Har ila yau ana kiransa mahaifin juyin juya halin Aljeriya wanda aka gudanar da bikin cika shekaru dari a birnin Batna .<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Batna: Le centenaire de la naissance de Mostefa Benboulaïd célébré à Arris |url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/02/05/centenaire-naissance-benb_n_14629052.html |access-date=2017-02-17 |website=Al Huffington Post}}</ref> Yanzu Jami'ar UB2 Masallacin Ben Boulaïd yana daya daga cikin manyan Jami'o'i a Aljeriya da Afirka tare da ɗaliban da suka shiga (33.458) da ma'aikatan (1,833) .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Higher Education |first=Scientific Research |title=Universities in Algeria |url=https://www.mesrs.dz/universites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608211415/https://www.mesrs.dz/universites |archive-date=2017-06-08 |access-date=2016-03-10 |website=MESRS |publisher=Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Enseignement supérieur à Batna : Réception imminente de plus de 2 000 places pédagogiques |url=http://www.lanation.dz/Enseignement-superieur-a-Batna-Reception-imminente-de-plus-de-2-000-places-pedagogiques_a21325.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923223812/https://www.lanation.dz/Enseignement-superieur-a-Batna-Reception-imminente-de-plus-de-2-000-places-pedagogiques_a21325.html |archive-date=2018-09-23 |access-date=2016-03-08 |website=La Nation - Quotidien National d'Information}}</ref> A karkashin ikon mataimakin shugaban jami'a Dokta Tayeb Bouzid, jami'ar ta ƙunshi babban ofishin gudanarwa, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu, fannoni biyar, cibiyoyi uku, da ɗakin karatu na tsakiya. == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1977, an kafa jami'ar a karkashin sunan Jami'ar Batna . A cikin shekarun 1980s, an sanya masa suna ne bayan Pr. Abrouk Madani, tsohon malami kuma mai bincike wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Rector na farko. A cikin shekarun 1990s tsarin jami'a ya fadada ta hanyar bude sabbin Faculty da Cibiyoyin, wanda ya karfafa gwamnatin rectorate don ba da shawarar sunan Jarumin Aljeriya na kasa Mostefa Ben Boulaïd . Har ila yau ana kiransa mahaifin juyin juya halin Aljeriya wanda aka gudanar da bikin cika shekaru ɗari <ref name=":4"/> a birnin Batna a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu 2017 don nuna godiya ga babban kokarinsa da jagoranci a matsayin kwamandan farko na yankin 1 a Aurès a lokacin yakin 'yancin Aljeriya da Faransanci a tsakiyar shekarun 1950. Ya zuwa watan Yulin 2015, tsarin ya kunshi fannoni tara, cibiyoyi biyar da babban ɗakin karatu. Saboda ci gaba da karuwa da bukatar masu rike da baccalaureate a Aljeriya, Ma'aikatar Ilimi mafi girma da Binciken Kimiyya, tare da shawarar Firayim Minista Abdelmalek Sellal, sun karɓi sabon dabarun rarraba a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon tsarin LMD (Licence Master Doctorate) don ingantaccen gudanar da ilimi mafi girma. Wannan babban sake ginawa ne wanda ya raba jami'ar zuwa Jami'o'i daban-daban guda biyu, wato: Jami'ar Batna 1 da Jami'ar batna 2. Yanzu Jami'ar Batna 2 Masallacin Ben Boulaïd an san shi da yawa a matsayin kimiyya / fasaha, kodayake ya ƙunshi bangaren kiwon lafiya ciki har da sashen magani da kantin magani da kuma bangaren haruffa da harsunan kasashen waje inda sassan Ingilishi da Faransanci ke ba da darussan da suka hada da fannonin ilimin harshe, koyarwa, al'adu da wayewa. == Cibiya == UB2 tana da ɗakunan karatu guda biyar: Babban harabar da ke Fesdis (hectare 151), da hudu a tsakiyar birnin Batna (hectara 19). === Babban Cibiyar Fesdis === [[Fayil:UB2_Fesdis.jpg|alt=|thumb|Babban harabar Fesdis]] * Jimlar farfajiyar Fesdis Main Campus ta shimfiɗa a fadin hekta 151, wanda aka gina hekta 65 kuma an yi niyya ne don dalilai na ilimi. === Cibiyar Taron === [[Fayil:EX_Mouhafada.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Taron "EX Mouhafada"]] * Har ila yau an san shi da "Ex Mouhafada", ginin yana cikin zuciyar birnin Batna tare da (3000) sq / m, kuma an dauke shi a matsayin babban wurin da yawancin abubuwan da suka faru a Jami'ar Batna 2. Cibiyar ta kai kimanin mita (100) na City Hall (Daira na Batna) a Route de Biskra, 05000 Batna; === Cibiyar Cibiyar === [[Fayil:Central_Campus_UB2.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Cibiyar: Cibiyar Abrouk Madani]] * "Abrouk Madani Center" (A.M.C) harabar ce da aka keɓe ga ɗalibai da malamai na fasaha. Yankin C.A.M. yana kusa da (8000) sq/m. Wannan tsari yana cikin 1, Rue Chahid Boukhlouf Med El Hadi, 05000 Batna . === Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya === [[Fayil:CHU_UB2.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya UB2]] * Cibiyar Hospitalier Universitaire de Batna wanda aka fi sani da Asibitin Jami'ar CHU Benflis Al-Tohamy <ref>{{Cite web |title=chubatna |url=http://www.sante.dz/chu-batna/chub.html |access-date=2016-03-19 |website=www.sante.dz |archive-date=2019-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323201838/http://www.sante.dz/chu-batna/chub.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantun a [[Aljeriya]] tare da murabba'in mita 5000. Yana da damar ɗakuna 540 da sabis na kiwon lafiya tara, sabis na tiyata shida da kuma babban ɗakin gaggawa. Daliban Med suna koyon darussan da suka biyo baya: Magungunan ciki, Pediatry, Cardiology, Nephrology, Neuro-endocrinology, Burnings, Hematology, General Surgery, Maxillo-facial, Pediatric Surgery, Urology, Orthopedics, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Medicine, Work, Neurosurgistry, Dermatology, Neurology, Physiology, Rheumatology, Gastroenterology, Epidology, Dental surgery. === Cibiyar Amfani da Magunguna === * Yana cikin gundumar 742 Lgts wanda ya kai mita 3,000 (32,000 sq == Gine-gine == * Fesdis Main Campus gine-ginen UB2 ya samo asali ne daga Makarantar Chicago. An tsara gine-ginen tare da salon gine-ginin cubic wanda ya dogara da gine-gidan ƙarfe da tabarau masu ƙarfi, wanda ya ba jami'ar hangen nesa. An fahimci ra'ayoyin, kayayyaki da gine-gine ta hanyar: # BET Houcine Abdelaziz # BETAC # BE / TBatna # BET / BET # BET Hidjazi Cherif # BET Hafiane * An gina Cibiyar Taron a cikin shekarun 1970s kuma mallakar Jam'iyyar National Liberation Party (FLN) ce har zuwa shekarun 1990. An gina shi da 'yan kasuwa na Aljeriya a zamanin Socialism, tsarin ya ƙunshi gini mai hawa biyu da kuma cikakken ɗakin karatu. * Cibiyar Cibiyar tsohuwar gini ce da Faransanci suka gina a karni na 18. An tsara shi ta hanyar Mulkin mallaka na Faransa, an gina Cibiyar Cibiyar a matsayin Asibitin da ke aiki da sojojin Faransa a cikin Aures. * Dukkanin makarantun likitanci da Pharmacy an gina su a cikin shekarun 1980s kuma an mayar da su a cikin 2000s don fadada damar tsarin ga ɗaliban Med da Pharm saboda karuwar yawan jama'a a Aljeriya. == Gidaje == UB2 tana ba da masauki kyauta ga ɗalibai sama da 3000 tare da gine-gine bakwai a cikin Fesdis Main Campus da suka shimfiɗa sama da hekta 20 tare da damar gadaje 2000 + 1000. == Ayyukan Abinci == UB2 tana da gidajen cin abinci guda uku da cafeterias guda uku da aka raba kamar haka: gidajen cin abincin biyu tare da cafeteria a Fesdis Main Campus, da kuma gidan cin abinci-cafeteria a Cibiyar Cibiyar. UB2 tana ba da sabis na rana kawai tare da abinci sama da 6,000 da ake bayarwa kowace rana. == Sufuri == Wannan sabis ɗin a UB2 yana gudana ne daga (Faransanci: "Ofishin National des Œuvres Universitaires") (ONOU). Yafi bayar da sufuri kyauta ga dukkan dalibai ta hanyar bas tare da rundunar jiragen ruwa 140 mallakar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Buses saba'in suna aiki da Fesdis Main Campus Line da saba'in ga sauran makarantun. == Wasanni == Fesdis Main Campus yana da filin wasa da kuma tafkin yin iyo na cikin gida na Olympics, tare da wuraren wasanni na waje guda biyar, kuma a ƙarshe ɗakin motsa jiki na cikin gida. UB2 a halin yanzu tana gina wani sarari da aka keɓe don wasanni, da kuma farfajiyoyi biyu na waje don ƙwallon ƙafa. Dukkanin wadannan tsarin ana gudanar da su ne ta Cibiyar Ilimi ta Jiki da Wasanni. Ana ba da horo na wasanni da yawa, kamar ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallon kwando, volleyball, ƙwallaye, wasanni, da yin iyo. == Tsarin da gudanarwa == Jami'ar Batna biyu tana da ofishin gaba (Faransanci: Rectorat), Ma'aikatar, Ofishin Gudanarwa (Faransaniya: Secétariat Général SG), mataimakan rectorates huɗu, fannoni biyar, cibiyoyi uku, da ɗakin karatu na tsakiya. === Mataimakin Rectorate === * Harkokin Jama'a da na waje * Nazarin Digiri da Harkokin Dalibai * Nazarin digiri na biyu * Ci gaba da Shirye-shiryen === Faculty da cibiyoyi === * Kwalejin Likita * Kwalejin Fasaha; * Faculty of Maths & Computing * Faculty of Life & Natural Science * Faculty of Letters & Foreign Languages * Cibiyar Ilimin Jiki da Wasanni * Cibiyar Lafiya da Tsaro * Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya da Sararin samaniya == Ma'aikatan jami'a == Ma'aikatan UB2 (1,833) sun kasu kashi (1,220) malamai da ma'aikata 613. == Shirye-shiryen digiri da digiri == Jami'ar Batna 2 tana da tsarin ilimi da aka sani a duniya, wanda shine wani ɓangare na sake fasalin [[Doctorate|Dokta]] "Licence Master Doctorat" LMD wanda aka fara a Turai ta hanyar Bologna Process wanda ke ba da digiri na farko, digiri na biyu da digiri na biyu. === Shirin kammala karatun === Masanin ilimi da ƙwararru a cikin Fasaha, wato Injiniya, Injiniyan lantarki, Injiniya na Injiniya. Horar da kwararru kuma wani bangare ne na wannan shirin. Dalibai da suka shiga: 27,700 suna shirya digiri na farko da na biyu. == Babban ɗakin karatu == [[Fayil:UB2_Central_Library.jpg|thumb|UB2 Babban Laburaren a Fesdis Main Campus]] UB2 tana da babban ɗakin karatu da ke cikin Fesdis Main Campus, da kuma dakunan karatu na 8 da aka keɓe. == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.univ-batna2.dz Shafin yanar gizon UB2] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170704155417/http://www.univ-batna.dz/ Jami'ar Hadj Lakhdar] * [http://www.mesrs.dz Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Binciken Kimiyya a Aljeriya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825111229/https://www.mesrs.dz/ |date=2013-08-25 }} * [http://www.4icu.org/reviews/16956.htm Matsayi na Jami'ar Duniya UniRank] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803203317/https://www.4icu.org/reviews/16956.htm |date=2024-08-03 }} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] su7kxh48v258u1xuu9x1fp2wan3n9wc 0 79325 840391 636544 2026-05-27T05:56:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} * [[Fayil:Abuja, Federal Capital Territory 3.jpg|thumb|Babban birnin abuja]]'''Abuja,'''ita ce Babban Birnin Tarayyar Najeriya, wanda ke cikin tsakiyar yankin kasar.A nan ne gidan shugaban kasa yake. == Jerin Jami'o'i == * [[Jami'ar Abuja]] * [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Afirka]] * [[Jami'ar Baze|Jami'ar Baze, Abuja]] * Jami'ar National Open, Abuja<ref name="edu">{{Cite web |title=Home &*124; National Open University of Nigeria |url=https://nou.edu.ng/ |access-date=2021-12-16 |website=nou.edu.ng}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Nile Dake Nigeria|Jami'ar Nilu ta Najeriya, Abuja]] * [[Jami'ar Veritas|Jami'ar Veritas, Abuja]] * [[Jami'ar Miva Open University|Jami'ar Miva Open, Abuja]]<ref name="schoolblizz">{{Cite web |title=Miva Open University |url=https://schoolblizz.com.ng/miva-open-university/ |access-date=2021-12-16 |website=schoolblizz.com.ng |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707220539/https://schoolblizz.com.ng/miva-open-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Jerin Kwalejoji == * [[Federal College of Education, Zuba, Abuja|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya, Zuba, Abuja]] * [[Aspire College of Technology|Kwalejin Fasaha ta Aspire]]<ref name="finelib">{{Cite web |title=List of Universities and Colleges in Abuja |url=https://www.finelib.com/cities/abuja/education/universities-and-colleges |access-date=2021-12-16 |website=Finelib.com}}</ref> == Jerin Polytechnics == * [[Citi Polytechnic|Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Citi, Abuja]] * [[Dorben Polytechnic| Makarantar Polytechnic ta Dorben, Abuja]] == Makarantu na Nursing == * Babban Birnin Tarayya (FCT) Makarantar Nursing, Abuja * Makarantar Nursing, Asibitin Koyarwa na Jami'ar Abuja (AUTH), Abuja == Jerin Cibiyoyin Kwarewa == * Cibiyar TIC ta Afrihub * Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Fasaha * Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Fasaha ta Damson * Cibiyar Fasahar Bayanai ta Flying Dove * Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Fasaha ta Duniya, Gwarinpa * Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Fasaha ta NAOWA * [[Cibiyar Ci gaban Mata ta Kasa]], Abuja <ref name="ncwd">{{Cite web |last=National Centre for Women Development, Abuja |title=National Centre for Women Development Abuja |url=https://ncwd.org.ng/ |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=ncwd.org.ng}}</ref> == Sauran Manyan Cibiyoyi == * Makarantar Fensho da Fensho ta Abuja * [[Cibiyar Nazarin Shari'a ta Kasa]], Maitama * Asusun Horar da Masana'antu (ITF) Cibiyar Horar da Kwarewa ta Model * Cibiyar Horar da Ilimi ta Jama'a, Asokoro <ref name="nbte">{{Cite web |title=Vocational Enterprise Institutions (VEIs) &#124; National Board for Technical Education |url=https://net.nbte.gov.ng/VEI |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=net.nbte.gov.ng |archive-date=2021-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220142421/https://net.nbte.gov.ng/VEI |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Fasahar Ilimi ta Jama'a, Asokoro <ref name="naijschools">{{Cite web |title=Full List of Vocational Enterprise institutions in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria |url=https://www.naijschools.com/vocational-enterprise-institutions-in-federal-capital-territory/ |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=NAIJSCHOOLS |archive-date=2021-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220142428/https://www.naijschools.com/vocational-enterprise-institutions-in-federal-capital-territory/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Sojojin Sojoji Makarantar Lantarki da Injiniya, Abuja <ref name="edu2">{{Cite web |title=AFEME Mechatronics School &#124; Skills Through Knowledge |url=https://ams.edu.ng/ |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=ams.edu.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Ayyukan Ilimi na Nspire <ref name="nspire">{{Cite web |title=Nspire School of Management and Technology Limited |url=https://nspire.com.ng/ |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=nspire.com.ng}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i]] t88fuk6oa60pwhhso3xe16xxmbrf1ec 0 79395 840363 657552 2026-05-26T22:50:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Nazarene ta Afirka''' jami'a ce mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a, [[Kenya]], kuma tana da alaƙa da Ikilisiyar Kwalejojin Nazarene da Jami'o'i a duniya. Jami'ar Nazarene ta Afirka ta sami cikakken izini daga Hukumar Ilimi ta Jami'a'o'i da Hukumar Ilimi Ta Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission for University Education - Status Of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya) - Status Of Universities (Universities Authorized to Operate in Kenya) |url=http://www.cue.or.ke/index.php/status-of-universities-universities-authorized-to-operate-in-kenya-1 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=www.cue.or.ke}}</ref> == Wurin da yake == Babban ɗakin karatu yana tsakiyar Masaai savannah, ta amfani da titin Ole Kasasi, akan {{Convert|124|acre|0}}, kusa da garin Ongata Rongai, kusa da gandun dajin na Nairobi, kusan {{Convert|22|km|0}}, ta hanya, kudu da tsakiyar birnin [[Nairobi]], babban birnin Kenya kuma birni mafi girma. Matsakaicin yanki na babban harabar jami'a sune: 1°24'02.0"S, 36°47'24.0"E (Latitude:-1.400556; Longitude:36.790000). == Tarihi == Jami'ar Nazarene ta Afirka jami'ar Kirista ce mai zaman kanta kuma cibiyar Ikilisiyar Nazarene International, waɗanda ke bin al'adar tsarkaka ta Wesleyan. An kafa shi ne don shirya shugabannin coci a matakin ministoci da na masu zaman kansu. Ikilisiyar Nazarene ta nemi magance kalubalen al'ummar Afirka a farkon shekarun 1980 ta hanyar aiwatar da ilimi mafi girma. Bugu da ƙari, Jami'ar Nazarene ta Afirka ta bincika yin gyare-gyare ga ƙarni na ƙarami a cikin yanayi mai kyau da na Kirista. Dangane da Dokar Jami'ar Kenya ta 1985, (bayarwa don kafa jami'o'i masu zaman kansu a Kenya), Ikilisiyar ta zauna a Kenya a matsayin wurin fara Jami'ar Nazarene wanda ya zama na farko a waje da Arewacin Amurka. A watan Yulin 1993, kwamitin cocin ya ba da ikonsa don kafa jami'a a Afirka biyo bayan kuri'un da mambobinta suka yi a lokacin Babban Taron a Indianapolis, Indiana, Amurka. Cocin, ta hanyar wadanda suka kafa jami'ar, ya ci gaba da tattaunawa tare da Hukumar Ilimi ta Jami'ar, sannan Hukumar Ilimi Mafi Girma, don kafa cibiyar bayar da digiri. Saboda haka, an ba da ikon doka don kafa jami'ar a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1993, lokacin da hukumar ta ba da, a madadin Gwamnatin Kenya, wasika ta ikon wucin gadi ga jami'ar don fara kafa tushe don ci gaban Jami'ar Nazarene ta Afirka. A watan Agustan 1994 Dokta Martha John, Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar na farko, ya buɗe ƙofofinsa ga ɗalibai 62 daga ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya na Afirka da ke karatun digiri na farko a cikin tauhidin da Gudanar da Kasuwanci da kuma Masters of Arts a cikin addini. Shekara guda bayan haka, jami'ar ta gabatar da digiri na farko na Kimiyya a Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta, ta maraba da ƙarin ɗalibai 42. Farfesa Leah Marangu ya maye gurbin Dr. John a watan Janairun 1996 kuma an sanya shi a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa a watan Fabrairun 1997. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2002, gwamnatin Kenya ta ba jami'ar takardar shaidar (Creditation Credentials), wanda ya sa ta zama jami'a mai zaman kanta ta farko da ta karbi takardar shaidarsa a karkashin sabon dokar kuma ba tare da kasancewa da alaƙa da kowane jami'a a cikin gida da waje ba. == Shirye-shiryen ilimi == * Shirye-shiryen digiri * Shirye-shiryen karatun sakandare * Shirye-shiryen difloma * Shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida * Sauran gajerun darussan == Makarantu na Ilimi == Jami'ar ta kunshi makarantu masu zuwa: <ref name="Three">{{Cite web |date=8 January 2018 |title=Africa Nazarene University: Schools |url=http://www.anu.ac.ke/#nogo |access-date=8 January 2018 |publisher=Africa Nazarene University}}</ref> * [https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/school-religion-christian-ministry/ Makarantar Addini da Ma'aikatar Kirista] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819210302/https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/school-religion-christian-ministry/ |date=2022-08-19 }} * [https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/school-science-technology/ Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007143847/https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/school-science-technology/ |date=2022-10-07 }} * [https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/school-humanities-social-sciences/ Makarantar Kimiyya da Kimiyya ta Jama'a] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009175152/https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/school-humanities-social-sciences/ |date=2022-10-09 }} * [https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/law-school/ Makarantar Shari'a da Fasaha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107233258/https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/law-school/ |date=2022-01-07 }} * [https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/business-school/ Makarantar Kasuwanci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108001723/https://www.anu.ac.ke/school-department/business-school/ |date=2022-01-08 }} Farawa tare da shirye-shirye uku, jami'ar yanzu tana da shirye-'shirye 36, wanda aka bayar a Cibiyar Leah T. Marangu (LTM) a Ongata Rongai, Kenya.Jami'ar kwanan nan ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Coursera a watan Satumbar 2020 == Cibiyoyin == [https://www.anu.ac.ke/center-institute/institute-of-research/ Cibiyar Bincike] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324202959/https://www.anu.ac.ke/center-institute/institute-of-research/ |date=2022-03-24 }} [https://www.anu.ac.ke/institute-of-open-and-distance-learning-2/ Cibiyar Ilimi ta Budewa da Ilimi na nesa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324202922/https://www.anu.ac.ke/institute-of-open-and-distance-learning-2/ |date=2022-03-24 }} == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * Kendi Ntwiga, Shugaban Kasar a [[Microsoft]] Kenya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-16 |title=Microsoft appoints Kendi Ntwiga – Nderitu as Country Manager for Kenya |url=https://news.microsoft.com/en-xm/2020/01/16/microsoft-appoints-kendi-ntwiga-nderitu-as-country-manager-for-kenya/ |access-date=2021-02-16 |website=Middle East & Africa News Center |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Shikoh Gitau|Dokta Shikoh Gitau]], Babban Ofishin Zartarwa a [https://qhala.com/ Qhala] * Lorna Rutto, Wanda ya kafa kuma Darakta, [https://www.ecopost.co.ke/index.php?page=media EcoPost] Limited * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/waihiga-mwaura-4a822314/ Waihiga Mwaura], Ayyuka na Musamman Edita a Citizen TV LTD * [https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/tag/government-spokesperson-col-rtd-cyrus-oguna/ Col (Rtd) Cyrus Oguna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611083842/https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/tag/government-spokesperson-col-rtd-cyrus-oguna/ |date=2024-06-11 }}, Kakakin Gwamnati na Jamhuriyar Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyrus Oguna |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/cyrus-oguna-184078 |access-date=2021-02-16 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> * [https://sauti-sol.com/about-sauti-sol/savara-mudigi Savara Mudigi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502034703/http://sauti-sol.com/about-sauti-sol/savara-mudigi/ |date=2018-05-02 }}, mai ba da murya, furodusa, mai ba'a, mai ba-diski da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Savara memba ne na sanannen ƙungiyar 'yan yara maza ta Kenya Sauti Sol * [[Wendy Kimani]], mawaƙiya, marubuciya, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai nishadantarwa ta Kenya. wadanda suka zo na biyu a kakar wasa ta biyu ta Tusker Project Fame . * Beatrice Elachi, Kakakin Majalisar Gundumar Nairobi (2017 har zuwa 2022). <ref name="Five">{{Cite web |last=Mutavi |first=Lillian |date=6 September 2017 |title=Former Senator Beatrice Elachi elected Nairobi Speaker |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/counties/nairobi/1954174-4085090-gvgwdb/index.html |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> Tsohon Babban Whip a Majalisar Dattijai ta Kenya . <ref name="Six">{{Cite web |last=Wakhisi |first=Sylvia |date=15 November 2014 |title=Nominated Senator Beatrice Elachi tells on how it's not easy being in politics |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2000141450/nominated-senator-beatrice-elachi-tells-on-how-it-s-not-easy-being-in-politics |access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.anu.ac.ke Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * [http://www.eduKenya.com Kolejoji da jami'o'i a Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111065346/http://www.edukenya.com/ |date=2016-01-11 }} * [http://www.kenyaplex.com Manyan kwalejoji da jami'o'i a Kenya] [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Afrika]] [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i]] ng08m33ix0eizuln94sjmxdfrtlvm6w 0 79433 840361 619329 2026-05-26T22:33:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 10 sources and tagging 5 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An kafa '''Jami'ar Mansoura''' a 1972 a garin Mansoura, [[Misra|Misira]] . Yana cikin tsakiyar Kogin Nilu. Yana daya daga cikin manyan jami'o'in Masar kuma ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga rayuwar al'adu da kimiyya a Mansoura da Masar. == Tarihi == An kafa fannin kiwon lafiya a 1962 a matsayin reshe na Jami'ar Alkahira . A shekara ta 1972, wani umurni na shugaban kasa ya sanar da kafa jami'ar a karkashin sunan "Jami'ar East Delta". An canza sunanta zuwa Jami'ar Mansoura a 1973. A cikin 2018, ''Mansourasaurus'', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Community |first=Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution |date=2018-01-29 |title=Mansourasaurus- A story from the land of Pharaoh and Dinosaurs |url=https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/posts/29712-mansourasaurus-a-story-from-the-land-of-pharaoh-and-dinosaurs |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Nature Portfolio Ecology & Evolution Community |language=en |archive-date=2021-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604172215/https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/posts/29712-mansourasaurus-a-story-from-the-land-of-pharaoh-and-dinosaurs |url-status=dead }}</ref> wani nau'in nau'in halittu na lithostrotian sauropod dinosaur, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sauropod {{!}} dinosaur infraorder |url=https://www.britannica.com/animal/sauropod |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> wata tawaga ce ta gano ta a karkashin Masanin burbushin halittu Hesham Sallam na Jami'ar Mansoura kuma an sanya masa suna bayan jami'a. <ref name="Kaplan2018">{{Cite journal |last=Kaplan |first=Karen |date=29 January 2018 |title=Why this dinosaur from Egypt is a big deal in more ways than one |url=http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-dinosaur-egypt-mansourasaurus-20180129-story.html |journal=Los Angeles Times |access-date=30 January 2018}}</ref> == Matsayi ==   A cewar Times Higher Education (THE) ( ''Edition: 2020'' ), martabar Jami'ar Mansoura ita ce: <ref>{{Cite web |title=University {{!}} World University Rankings 2020 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/mansoura-university |access-date=2020-02-23 |website=timeshighereducation.com/}}</ref> * Matsayi na Duniya: 401-500 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-19 |title=World University Rankings |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> * Matsayi na Masar: 2 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt {{!}} Ranking Web of Universities: Webometrics ranks 30000 institutions |url=https://www.webometrics.info/en/aw/Egypt |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www.webometrics.info}}</ref> == Tsangayu da cibiyoyi == * Kwalejin Kwamfuta da Kimiyya ta Bayanai <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty of Computers & Information, Mansoura University, Egypt - Home |url=http://csifac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=csifac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2021-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019174356/http://csifac.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Injiniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://engfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Faculty of Commerce, Mansoura University, Egypt |language=en-gb }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Kwalejin Kimiyya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Faculty of Science, Mansoura University |url=http://scifac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=scifac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020055857/http://scifac.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Aikin Gona <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Faculty of Agriculture - Mansoura University |url=http://agrfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=agrfac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2021-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019191940/http://agrfac.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Fasaha <ref>{{Cite web |last=Art |first=Faculty |title=Faculty of Art |url=https://artsfac.mans.edu.eg/en/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |archive-date=2024-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603104255/https://artsfac.mans.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Kasuwanci <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://comfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Faculty of Commerce, Mansoura University, Egypt |language=en-gb |archive-date=2024-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605100536/http://comfac.mans.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Likitan Dental <ref>{{Cite web |title=dental medicine |url=https://dentfac.mans.edu.eg/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |archive-date=2024-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606020757/https://dentfac.mans.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Shari'a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Faculty of Law, Mansoura University |url=http://lawfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=lawfac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2021-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019105830/http://lawfac.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt - Home |url=https://medfac.mans.edu.eg/index.php/en/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=medfac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2024-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617105129/http://medfac.mans.edu.eg/index.php/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Faculty of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt - Home |url=http://pharfac.mans.edu.eg/index.php?lang=en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=pharfac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2024-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603104255/http://pharfac.mans.edu.eg/index.php?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ma'aikatar Yawon Bude Ido da Otal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Mansoura University, Egypt |url=http://thfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=thfac.mans.edu.eg }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University |url=http://vetfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=vetfac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2024-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603104255/http://vetfac.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ma'aikatar Nursing <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nursing Faculty - Mansoura University - Egypt - Nursing Faculty - Mansoura University |url=http://nurfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=nurfac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2024-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603104255/http://nurfac.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ma'aikatar Ilimin Jiki <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Faculty of Physical Education, Mansoura University, Egypt |url=http://spofac.mans.edu.eg/index.php?lang=en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=spofac.mans.edu.eg }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Kwalejin Jariri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty of Education for Childhood, Mansoura University,Egypt - Mansoura University - Home |url=http://kinderfac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=kinderfac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2021-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023071312/http://kinderfac.mans.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Musamman <ref>{{Cite web |title=Special Education Faculty - Mansoura University - Home |url=http://sefac.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=sefac.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2021-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019162944/http://sefac.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Fasaha ta Nursing * Kwalejin wallafe-wallafen kafofin watsa labarai * Kwalejin Fine Arts <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fine Arts |url=https://fineartsfac.mans.edu.eg/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927191706/https://fineartsfac.mans.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya == * Cibiyar Urology da Nephrology <ref>{{Cite web |title=Urology & Nephrology Center-Mansoura University-Egypt - Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt |url=http://www.unc.edu.eg/en/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www.unc.edu.eg }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Asibitin Kiwon Lafiya na Musamman <ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical Hospital |url=https://smh.mans.edu.eg/en/ }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Cibiyar Kula da Gastroenterology <ref>{{Cite web |last=webmaster |title=Gastroenterology Surgical Center |url=https://www.mans.edu.eg/en/discover-mansoura-university/1078-gastroenterology-surgical-center |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Mansoura University, Egypt |language=en-gb}}</ref> * Asibitocin Jami'ar Mansoura <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mansoura university hospitals |url=https://muh.mans.edu.eg/en/contacts/9-mansoura-university-hospitals |access-date=2024-06-11 |archive-date=2021-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604220025/https://muh.mans.edu.eg/en/contacts/9-mansoura-university-hospitals |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Asibitin Gaggawa * Asibitin Yara na Jami'ar Mansoura <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mansoura University Children Hospital - Home |url=http://much.mans.edu.eg/en/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=much.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2024-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605064655/http://much.mans.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Kula da Oncology <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oncology Center |url=https://ocmu.mans.edu.eg/en/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |archive-date=2024-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603104255/https://ocmu.mans.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Kula da Ifa <ref>{{Cite web |title=OphthalmologyCenter |url=http://www1.mans.edu.eg/FacMed/english/centers/ophthalmologycenter/default.htm |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www1.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2021-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604172222/http://www1.mans.edu.eg/FacMed/english/centers/ophthalmologycenter/default.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Binciken Bincike ta Kiwon Lafiya (MERC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=MERC |url=http://www1.mans.edu.eg/FacMed/centers/merc/Default.htm |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www1.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2019-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920054829/http://www1.mans.edu.eg/FacMed/centers/merc/default.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Cibiyoyin Musamman da raka'a == * Cibiyar Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Communications and Information Technology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt |url=http://citc.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=citc.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2023-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014184305/http://citc.mans.edu.eg/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ruwa Mai Tsarki da Cibiyar Ayyukan Masana'antu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Center of water Sanitary Drainage and Industrial Projects |url=http://centers.mans.edu.eg/water/eindex.htm |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=centers.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2023-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014130307/http://centers.mans.edu.eg/water/eindex.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Nazarin Injiniya da Ba da Shawara * Cibiyar Kula da Ayyukan Kimiyya ta Fasaha <ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Laboratory Scientific Services Center |url=https://engfac.mans.edu.eg/index.php/en/about-7/center-for-technical-laboratory-and-scientific-services |access-date=2024-06-11 |archive-date=2021-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605190943/https://engfac.mans.edu.eg/index.php/en/about-7/center-for-technical-laboratory-and-scientific-services |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Bayanai, Takaddun shaida da Tallafin Shawarwari * Nazarin Daraja da Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Kasa * Cibiyar Horar da Gudanarwa da Shawara * Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya (SCC) <ref>{{Cite web |last=webmaster |title=Scientific Computing Center (SCC) |url=https://www.mans.edu.eg/en/discover-mansoura-university/1080-scientific-computing-center-scc |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Mansoura University, Egypt |language=en-gb}}</ref> * Cibiyar Kula da Ayyuka ta Jama'a * Cibiyar Nanotechnology ta Jami'ar Mansoura <ref>{{Cite web |last=webmaster |title=Nano Technology Center |url=https://www.mans.edu.eg/en/discover-mansoura-university/1085-nano-technology-center |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Mansoura University, Egypt |language=en-gb}}</ref> * Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Jami'ar Mansoura * Cibiyar Turanci don Takamaiman Manufofin (ESPC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=English for Specific Purposes Center (ESPC), Mansoura University, Egypt |url=http://www2.mans.edu.eg/centers/espc/english/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=www2.mans.edu.eg |archive-date=2024-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603104258/http://www2.mans.edu.eg/centers/espc/english/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Cibiyar Kula da Yara * Cibiyar Koyon Harshen Larabci don waɗanda ba na asali ba * Rukunin Koyarwa (ELU) * Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'o'i don CAREER DEVELOPMENT <ref>{{Cite web |title=Main Page {{!}} University Center For Career Development |url=http://uccd.mans.edu.eg/ |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=uccd.mans.edu.eg }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Kungiyar Binciken Gilashi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glass Research Group |url=https://www.researchgate.net/lab/Glass-research-Lab-Hamdy-Doweidar}}</ref> == Shahararrun tsofaffi da malamai == * Mohamed Ghoneim * Kareem Mohamed Abu-Elmagd * Hamdy Doweidar * Ayman Nour * Khairat el-Shater * Mohamed Mansi Qandil * Hesham Salam * [[Farha Elshenawey]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.mans.edu.eg/en Shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Mansoura] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508154609/https://www.mans.edu.eg/en/ |date=2021-05-08 }} [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Afrika]] [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Misra]] jqd6fc1opc68bbcfr1w2r8zstgwwr74 0 79668 840279 835025 2026-05-26T13:23:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Pupils at a public elementary school in Kwara State.jpg|thumb|Hutun yara na karatu Ilimi a Najeriya]] [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayyan Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya]] ce ke kula da '''Ilimi a Najeriya'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://education.gov.ng/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumar suna da alhakin aiwatar da manufofin da ke karkashin kulawar jihar game da ilimin jami'a da makarantun jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education System in Nigeria and How Far We Have Gone: A brief History : Study Driller |url=https://www.studydriller.com/education-system-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=www.studydriller.com}}</ref> An raba tsarin ilimi zuwa Kindergarten, ''Primary education, Secondary education, da Tertiary education.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-02-07 |title=Education in Nigeria |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-nigeria |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=k12academics.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya]] ta mamaye rashin kwanciyar hankali tun lokacin da ta ayyana 'yancin kai daga Burtaniya, kuma a sakamakon haka, har yanzu ba a aiwatar da manufofin ilimi da suka dace ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajibade |first=B.O. |date=2019 |title=Knowledge and Certificate based System: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria's Educational System |url=https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/download/2995/2884/ |url-status=dead |journal=Global Journal of Human-Social Science, Linguistics and Education |volume=19 |issue=8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721025750/https://socialscienceresearch.org/index.php/GJHSS/article/download/2995/2884 |archive-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> Bambance-bambance na yanki a cikin inganci, tsarin karatun, da kudade suna nuna tsarin ilimi a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Aminu |first=Jibril |date=1990 |title=Education in Nigeria: Overcoming Adversity |journal=Journal of Education Finance |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=581–586 |jstor=40703846}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Abdullahi |first=Danjuma |last2=Abdullah |first2=John |date=June 2014 |title=The Political Will and Quality Basic Education in Nigeria |url=http://jppgnet.com/journals/holy/Vol_2_No_2_June_2014/5.pdf |journal=Journal of Power, Politics, and Governance |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=75–100 |access-date=2024-06-14 |archive-date=2020-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113071011/http://jppgnet.com/journals/jppg/Vol_2_No_2_June_2014/5.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu, Najeriya tana da mafi yawan matasa masu karatu a duniya.<ref name=":4" /> Tsarin ilimi a Najeriya ya kasu kashi biyu na jama'a inda ɗalibi ke biyan kuɗi ne kawai ga Kungiyar Iyaye Malamai (PTA) yayin da masu zaman kansu inda dalibai ke biyan kuɗin makaranta da wasu kudade kamar wasanni, kudaden jarrabawa, kudaden kwamfuta da sauransu. kuma suna da tsada <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-27 |title=Nigeria's public school system, a blow |url=https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/nigerias-public-school-system-a-blow/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=List of the Best Private Schools in Nigeria from NAPPS |url=https://www.nappsng.org/schools/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |publisher=National Association of Proprietors of Private Schools (NAPPS), Nigeria |archive-date=2021-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017121456/https://www.nappsng.org/schools/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-15 |title=top 20 primary schools in lagos state {{!}} SchoolsCompassBlog |url=https://schoolscompass.com.ng/blog/2020/01/15/20-primary-schools-in-lagos/ |access-date=2021-09-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ilimi a makarantun Najeriya yana faruwa ne da Turanci. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2022, Ministan Ilimi, Adamu ya ba da sanarwar shirin gwamnati don soke koyarwa da Turanci a makarantun firamare don tallafawa yarukan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-01 |title=Nigeria to abolish English language for teaching in primary schools |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/12/01/nigeria-to-abolish-english-language-for-teaching-in-primary-schools/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi na firamare == [[Fayil:Nigeria_Primary_School_Enrolment_by_state_in_2013.svg|thumb|Shigar da Makarantar Firamare ta Najeriya ta jihar a 2013]] Ilimi na firamare ya fara ne a kusa da shekaru 5 ga yawancin 'yan Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Itodo Daniel |last2=Emmanuel |first2=Hope Abah |last3=Alabi |first3=Christiana T. |last4=Adebayo |first4=Ismail |last5=Eleweke |first5=Titus |last6=Imam |first6=Abubakar |last7=Bashir |first7=Misbahu |date=2019-06-24 |title=Thousands of pupils skip primary 5 and 6 to JSS1 |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/thousands-of-pupils-skip-primary-5-and-6-to-jss1.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730234315/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/thousands-of-pupils-skip-primary-5-and-6-to-jss1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dalibai sunayin shekaru shida a makarantar firamare kuma suna kammala karatu tare da takardar shaidar barin makaranta ta farko. Darussan da aka koyar a matakin firamare sun haɗa da lissafi, harshen Ingilishi, Ilimin Addini na Kirista, Ilimin Musulunci, Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona, Tattalin Arziki na Gida da ɗaya daga cikin manyan harsuna da al'adu guda uku: [[Hausa–Fulani|Hausa-Fulani]], [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]], da [[Harshen Ibo|Ibo]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education Profile |url=https://ng.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/about-nigeria/education-profile/ |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Nigeria}}</ref> Makarantu masu zaman kansu suna ba da Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta, Faransanci, da Fine Arts. Ana buƙatar ɗaliban makarantar firamare su ɗauki jarrabawar shigarwa ta kowa don samun cancanta don shiga makarantun sakandare na Tarayya da na Jiha, da kuma makarantun masu zaman kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Straightup |title=National Policy of Education in Nigeria |url=https://straightupnaija.com/national-policy-of-education-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kafin shekara ta 1976, manufofin ilimi har yanzu ana tsara su ne ta hanyar manufofin mulkin mallaka na zamanin mulkin mallaka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olaleye |first=Habeeb |title=The Educational Policies in Nigeria before 1960 till date. |url=https://www.academia.edu/25722572 |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 1976, an kafa shirin Ilimi na Firamare na Duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Csapo |first=Marg |date=March 1983 |title=Universal Primary Education in Nigeria: Its Problems and Implications |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/universal-primary-education-in-nigeria-its-problems-and-implications/AC5563A7F5F6669E9C6D139D615FB13D |journal=African Studies Review |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=91–106 |doi=10.2307/524612 |issn=0002-0206 |jstor=524612 |s2cid=145379274}}</ref> Wannan shirin ya fuskanci matsaloli da yawa kuma daga baya aka sake shi a cikin 1981 da 1990. An kafa Ilimi na asali na Duniya (UBE) a cikin 1999 kuma wannan ya zo ne a matsayin maye gurbin Ilimi na Firamare na Duniya kuma an yi niyyar inganta nasarar shekaru tara na farko na makaranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Basic Education in Nigeria |url=https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/universal-basic-education-nigeria |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Centre For Public Impact (CPI) |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Universal Basic Education Commission {{!}} Home |url=https://www.ubec.gov.ng/ |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=www.ubec.gov.ng}}</ref> ''UBE'' ya ƙunshi shekaru 6 na ilimin makarantar firamare da shekaru 3 na ilimin makarantar sakandare ta Junior, wanda ya ƙare a cikin shekaru 9 na makaranta ba tare da katsewa ba, kuma sauyawa daga ɗayan aji zuwa wani yana da atomatik amma an ƙaddara ta hanyar ci gaba da kimantawa. Hukumar Ilimi ta Duniya, UBEC, ce ke kula da wannan makircin, kuma ta sanya shi "kyauta", "tilas" da kuma "dama" na kowane yaro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UBEC |title=About UBEC. Universal Basic Education Commission |url=http://ubeconline.com/about_ubec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220030747/http://ubeconline.com/about_ubec.html |archive-date=20 February 2012 |access-date=30 August 2012}}</ref>Saboda haka, sashin dokar ''UBEC'' na 15 ya bayyana UBE a matsayin kula da yara da ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=» Nigerian Educational System |url=http://tens-niger.com/about-tens/nigerian-educational-system/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303100557/http://tens-niger.com/about-tens/nigerian-educational-system/ |archive-date=3 March 2022 |access-date=2020-05-24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Dokar ta ce karatun shekara 9, ilimin manya da ilimin da ba na yau da kullun ba, shirye-shiryen samun ƙwarewa, da kuma ilimin kungiyoyi na musamman kamar makiyaya da baƙi, yarinya da mata, [[Almajiri|Al-majiri]], daga makaranta da nakasassu (Aderinoye, 2007). == Ilimi na sakandare a yankunan karkara na Najeriya == Makarantar sakandare ita ce hanyar haɗi tsakanin matakan firamare da sakandare na ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Definition of SECONDARY SCHOOL |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/secondary+school |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> Hanyar ilimin ne da yara ke samu bayan karatun firamare kuma kafin matakin sakandare (Solomon, 2015). Dalibai suna ciyar da shekaru shida a Makarantar Sakandare, wanda shine shekaru 3 na JSS (Makarantar Sakandare), da shekaru 3 na SSS (Mamar Makarantar Sakandaren). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yahaya |first=Abdulwali |date=2019-10-03 |title=6-3-3-4 & 9-3-4 System of Education in Nigeria: All You Need Know |url=https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/6-3-3-4-9-3-4-system-of-education-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Nigerian Infopedia |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730231556/https://nigerianinfopedia.com.ng/6-3-3-4-9-3-4-system-of-education-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekaru 3 na ilimin makarantar sakandare, ɗalibai za su ɗauki batutuwa kamar lissafi, Turanci, [[Ilimin zamantakewa|Nazarin Jama'a]], al'adu da zane-zane, kimiyya da fasaha na asali, karatun kafin sana'a, Faransanci, ilimin kasuwanci, Tattalin Arziki na Gida, Nazarin Kwamfuta ko Fine Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fidelis |first=Abigail |date=2018-09-03 |title=Evolution of junior secondary school in Nigeria |url=https://www.legit.ng/1188707-evolution-junior-secondary-school-nigeria.html |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> Babban tsarin karatun sakandare ya dogara ne akan batutuwa 4 da aka kammala ta batutuwa 4 ko 5 da aka zaɓa. Babban batutuwa sune: Turanci; lissafi; Tattalin Arziki; Ilimi na Jama'a; ɗaya ko fiye da zaɓuɓɓuka daga Biology, Chemistry, Physics don aji na kimiyya; ɗaya ko mafi yawan zaɓuɓɓugar daga cikin wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, Tarihi, Yanayi, Kimiyya na Aikin Gona ko batun sana'a wanda ya haɗa da: Kula da Littattafai, Kasuwanci, Abinci da Abinci, Zane na fasaha tsakanin sauran batutuwa 17.<ref name="IBE">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=World data on Education |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Nigeria.pdf |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE}}</ref> Bayan BECE, ɗalibai na iya shiga Kwalejin fasaha. Shirin karatun waɗannan kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru 3 kuma yana haifar da takardar shaidar kasuwanci / sana'a.<ref name="UNEVOC">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Vocational education in Nigeria |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=World+TVET+Database&ct=NGA#par0_2 |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UNEVOC |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728115415/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=World+TVET+Database&ct=NGA#par0_2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya ta kunshi Jihohi talatin da shida da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]] kuma akwai kimanin Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya guda biyu a kowace jiha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-30 |title=Full list of Federal Unity Schools in Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/fg-colleges-full-list-of-federal-unity-schools-in-nigeria/0p1dd2g |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya]] ce ke tallafawa da kuma gudanar da waɗannan makarantu kai tsaye ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Administration, Finance, Educational Research |url=https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1106/Nigeria-ADMINISTRATION-FINANCE-EDUCATIONAL-RESEARCH.html |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=education.stateuniversity.com |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, akwai Makarantun Kwamandan da Sojojin Najeriya ke gudanarwa da sauran makarantun soja da Sojoji da Sojojan Ruwa ke gudanarwa. Malaman da ke son koyarwa a makarantun Najeriya dole ne su sami ko dai Takardar shaidar Kasa a Ilimi, digiri na farko a ilimi ko digiri na farko na farko a fannin batun da aka haɗa tare da difloma na digiri na biyu a ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Certificate In Education NCE |url=https://www.nti.edu.ng/programmes/nigeria-certificate-in-education-nce/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=National Teachers Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517091912/https://www.nti.edu.ng/programmes/nigeria-certificate-in-education-nce/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TEACHERS REGISTRATION COUNCIL OF NIGERIA – TEACHERS REGISTRATION COUNCIL OF NIGERIA |url=https://trcn.gov.ng/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713091127/https://trcn.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan makarantu ya kamata su zama makarantun misali da ke ɗaukarwa da kiyaye manufofin ilimin sakandare ga ɗaliban Najeriya. Shigarwa ya dogara ne akan cancanta, wanda aka ƙaddara ta jarrabawar shigarwa ta kasa da duk ɗaliban makarantar firamare na shekara ta ƙarshe suka ɗauka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AllSchool |date=2021-04-02 |title=Common Entrance Examination (NCEE) Registration Form 2021 |url=https://www.allschool.com.ng/ncee-registration-form/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Allschool |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Kudin karatu da kudade suna da ƙarancin gaske, kusan naira dubu ashirin da biyar ($ 69.08) saboda wani ɓangare na kudade ya fito ne daga [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya]]. Makarantun sakandare na jihar suna samun tallafi daga Gwamnatin jihar kuma ba za a iya kwatanta su da kwalejojin gwamnatin Tarayya ba.<ref name="Education Profile">{{Cite web |title=Education Profile |url=http://ng.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/about-nigeria/education-profile/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Kodayake, ilimi ya kamata ya zama kyauta a mafi yawan Cibiyoyin mallakar jihar, ana buƙatar ɗalibai su sayi littattafai, tufafi da biyan kuɗi don abubuwa daban-daban wanda ke biyan su matsakaicin naira dubu hamsin ($ 130 a cikin shekara ɗaya ta ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2020 |title=5 Issues Nigeria Must Address to Ensure Every Child Can Access a Quality Education |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/issues-nigeria-must-address-quality-education/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Malamai a cibiyoyin mallakar gwamnati yawanci suna da Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta Kasa ko digiri na farko, amma wannan ba koyaushe ba ne saboda yawancin makarantun sakandare a Najeriya suna cike da malamai marasa cancanta waɗanda ba su iya motsa ɗaliban su ba, waɗannan makarantun galibi ba su da ma'aikata saboda ƙananan kasafin kuɗi na jihar, rashin karfafawa da rashin daidaito a biyan albashin ma'aikata. Wasu makarantun sakandare na jihar ana daukar su a matsayin kwalejoji masu daraja saboda tarihin ilimi da tsofaffi waɗanda suka zama fitattun 'yan ƙasa kuma sun ci nasara a cikin ayyuka daban-daban. Koyaya, matsayi na kwalejin waɗannan cibiyoyin tun lokacin da ya ragu saboda isowar wasu cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu. Makarantun sakandare masu zaman kansu a Najeriya suna da tsada sosai tare da matsakaicin kudade daga naira dubu ɗari biyu da hamsin zuwa naira miliyan ɗaya ($ 652.00 - $ 2600.00) a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public and low-cost private schools in Lagos: a comparative study {{!}} Unite for Quality Education |url=https://www.unite4education.org/global-response/public-and-low-cost-private-schools-in-lagos-a-comparative-study/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517131110/https://www.unite4education.org/global-response/public-and-low-cost-private-schools-in-lagos-a-comparative-study/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> &nbsp;Wadannan makarantu suna da ƙananan azuzuwan (kimanin dalibai goma zuwa ashirin a kowane aji), kayan aiki na zamani da kuma yanayin ilmantarwa mafi kyau. Yawancin malamai a cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin suna da aƙalla digiri na farko a cikin takamaiman yanki kuma ana aika su don bita ko shirye-shiryen gajeren lokaci akai-akai. == Gwaje-gwaje na gabatarwa == Tare da gabatar da tsarin ilimi na 6-3-3-4 a Najeriya, mai karɓar ilimi zai ciyar da shekaru shida a makarantar firamare, shekaru uku a makarantar sakandare, shekaru uku na babbar makarantar sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-27 |title=CONFUSION IN EDUCATION: 9-3-4, 6-3-3-4, 1-6-3-4, British, American or which curriculum? |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/06/confusion-in-education-9-3-4-6-3-3-4-1-6-3-4-british-american-or-which-curriculum/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekaru shida da aka yi a makarantar firamare da shekaru uku da aka yi amfani da su a makarantar sakandare sun haɗu don samar da tara a cikin tsarin 9-4-4. Gabaɗaya, ɗalibai dole ne su ciyar da mafi ƙarancin shekaru shida a Makarantar Sakandare. A wannan lokacin, ana sa ran dalibai za su yi shekaru uku a makarantar sakandare ta Junior da shekaru uku a babbar makarantar sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ekundayo |first=Omowumi Olabode Steven |date=26 March 2019 |title=Education in Nigeria is in a mess from top to bottom. Five things can fix it |url=http://theconversation.com/education-in-nigeria-is-in-a-mess-from-top-to-bottom-five-things-can-fix-it-112894 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=The Conversation |language=en}}</ref> Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) an maye gurbin ta da Babban Takardar Shaidar Sakandare (SSCE). <ref name="Education Profile"/> Ana gudanar da SSCE a ƙarshen karatun sakandare a watan Mayu / Yuni. Ana gudanar da GCE a watan Oktoba / Nuwamba a matsayin kari ga waɗancan ɗaliban da ba su sami ƙididdigar da ake buƙata daga sakamakon SSCE ba. Ka'idodin gwaje-gwaje biyu iri ɗaya ne. Wata kungiya da ake kira Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka (WAEC) tana gudanar da SSCE da GCE. Matsakaicin tara da akalla batutuwa bakwai ana yin rajista don jarrabawar ta kowane dalibi tare da Lissafi da Harshen Ingilishi da aka ɗauka a matsayin tilas. Ana ba da matsakaicin maki tara ga kowane batun daga: A1, B2, B3 (Kamar da Matsayi na Bambanci); C4, C5, C6 (Kamarka da Matsayi); D7, E8 (Kamar Gasar Kasuwanci); F9 (Kamarar Rashin Gaskiya). Matsayi na bashi da sama an dauke su da isasshen ilimi don shiga kowane Jami'a a Najeriya. A wasu shirye-shiryen karatu, yawancin jami'o'i na iya buƙatar maki mafi girma don samun shiga. Manufofin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin Tarayya]] game da ilimi sun amince da dukkan makarantun sakandare a [[Najeriya]]. Shekaru shida na makarantar firamare suna biye da shekaru shida na makarantar sakandare. Makarantar Sakandare ta Junior ta ƙunshi JSS1, JSS2 da JSS3 waɗanda suka yi daidai da aji na 7, 8 da 9 yayin da makarantar sakandare ta Senior ta ƙunshi SS I, SS 2, da SS 3 wanda ya yi daidai da digiri na 10, 11 da 12. Ana gudanar da jarrabawar makarantar sakandare (SSCE) a ƙarshen SS 3. Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka (WAEC) tana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje biyu. Watanni uku zuwa shida bayan dalibi ya dauki jarrabawar SSCE, ana ba su takardar hukuma daga ma'aikatarsu. Wannan rubutun yana da inganci na shekara guda, bayan haka an bayar da rubutun hukuma daga Majalisar Bincike ta Yammacin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=MIGRATING TO CANADA FROM NIGERIA: GETTING YOUR CREDENTIALS ASSESSED |url=https://www.immigroup.com/news/migrating-canada-nigeria-getting-your-credentials-assessed |website=Immigroup |language=en}}</ref> [[Hukumar Jarabawa ta Kasa (Nijeriya)|Majalisar jarrabawar Kasa]] wata kungiya ce ta jarrabawa a Najeriya; tana gudanar da jarrabawar Makarantar Sakandare (SSCE) a watan Yuni / Yuli. Har ila yau, hukumar tana gudanar da Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi (GCE) a watan Disamba / Janairu. Dalibai galibi suna ɗaukar jarrabawar WAEC da NECO a cikin SSS 3. == Ilimi na kasa da kasa == Ya zuwa watan Janairun 2015, Hukumar Kula da Makarantu ta Duniya ([https://www.iscresearch.com/schools ISC]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - ISC Research |url=https://www.iscresearch.com/ |website=www.iscresearch.com}}</ref> ta lissafa Najeriya a matsayin mai makarantu 129 na kasa da kasa.<ref name="iscresearch.com">{{Cite web |title=International School Consultancy Group > Information > ISC News |url=http://www.iscresearch.com/information/isc-news.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000123/http://www.iscresearch.com/information/isc-news.aspx |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2016-07-07}}</ref> "ISC ta bayyana makarantar kasa da kasa a matsayin makarantu waɗanda ke ba da tsarin karatu ga kowane haɗuwa da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, firamare ko sakandare, gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare a Turanci a waje da ƙasar da ke magana da Turanci, ko kuma idan makaranta a cikin ƙasa inda Turanci yake ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma, tana ba da tsarin karatun Ingilishi-tsaki ba banda tsarin karatun ƙasa na ƙasar kuma na duniya ne a cikin shiryayyarta. " Wannan ma'anar tana amfani da wallafe-wallafen ciki har da The Economist .<ref name="iscresearch.com" /> == Matakan A a Najeriya == Kwamitin Matriculation na wucin gadi (IJMB) shiri ne na ilimi na matakin ci gaba, wanda aka tsara don ɗaliban da ke da niyyar zuwa jami'a ba tare da shiga JAMB Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board ba ko dai digiri na farko ko shigarwa kai tsaye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About IJMB - Requirements, Cost & Registration |url=https://ijmbweb.com.ng/apply |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=ijmbweb.com.ng }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jarabawar IJMB da farko don batutuwa na Advanced Level ne don shigarwa kai tsaye zuwa matakin 200 a cikin Jami'o'i. An tattara tsarin jarrabawar IJMB daidai da bukatun ilimi na kasa da kasa da bukatun shigarwa na Jami'o'i daban-daban, Najeriya da kasashen waje. Yana gudana na watanni 9 kuma yana da watanni 2. IJMB wani shirin ilimi ne na kasa wanda Gwamnatin Tarayya ta amince da shi, wanda [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya|Zaria]], ta tsara a duk faɗin ƙasar, tare da Cibiyoyin Nazarin da ke da alaƙa da su a duk faɗar ƙasar. Shirin IJMB yana ba da dandamali wanda ke ba da damar 'yan takarar IJMB masu cin nasara don samun shigarwa kai tsaye a cikin Mataki 200 a Jami'o'in Najeriya da kasashen waje. Gwamnati ce ta amince da ita kuma tana da amincewar kasa da kasa. Ana iya amfani da shi don samun shiga cikin shekara ta biyu na kowane Cibiyar sakandare a Najeriya. IJMBE ta sami takardar shaidar Hukumar Jami'ar Najeriya (NUC) da Kwamitin Gudanar da Mataki na hadin gwiwa (JAMB) a matsayin shirin A'level wanda ya cancanta ga 'yan takara don samun shigar kai tsaye cikin Mataki 200 a cikin Jami'o'i bayan nasarar kammala shirin IJMB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is IJMB, Meaning of IJMB, How To Register For IJMB Program? |url=https://ijmbweb.com.ng/about-ijmb/ |access-date=2021-05-22 |website=IJMB - IJMB Website, IJMB Registration Portal & Admission |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423175109/http://www.ijmbweb.com.ng/about-ijmb/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Don ingantaccen ɗaukar hoto na tsarin IJMB, ana ba da shawarar aƙalla sa'o'i 8-10 a kowane mako, ayyukan IJMB da kuma filin sun haɗa. Za'a iya sake fasalin tsarin IJMB a kowace shekara takwas. Kwamitin jarrabawar Jami'o'i na hadin gwiwa (JUPEB) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://jupeb.edu.ng/ |website=jupeb.edu.ng}}</ref> wani shiri ne na matakin ci gaba wanda ke bawa dalibai damar shiga matakin 200 a yawancin jami'o'in Najeriya ta hanyar shiga kai tsaye (DE). Shirin yana gudana na kimanin watanni 8 kuma ana ba da shigarwa ta hanyar JAMB Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board duk da cewa ɗaliban da ke fuskantar wannan shirin ba sa buƙatar zama don jarrabawar Unified Tertiary Matriculation (UTME). JUPEB an amince da ita daga gwamnati kuma hukumar tana da alhakin ba da izini ga jami'o'in da za su iya gudanar da shirin. Yawancin jami'o'i a Najeriya suna karɓar JUPEB don shigarwa kai tsaye amma ba dukansu ba ne aka amince da su don gudanar da shirin <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title=List of all Examination Bodies in Nigeria &#124; Campus Lead |url=https://campuslead.com.ng/list-of-all-examination-bodies-in-nigeria-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=14 June 2024 |archive-date=1 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001012605/https://campuslead.com.ng/list-of-all-examination-bodies-in-nigeria-everything-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi na sakandare == [[Fayil:Open_University_of_Nigeria,_Lagos_Nigeria_01.jpg|thumb|[[Buɗaɗɗiyar Jami'a ta Ƙasa, Najeriya|Open Jami'ar Najeriya, Legas]]]] Gwamnati tana da iko da yawa na ilimin jami'a. Ilimi na sakandare a Najeriya ya kunshi [[Jami'a|Jami'o'i]] (na jama'a da masu zaman kansu), Polytechnics, Monotechnics, da Kwalejojin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESSPIN {{!}} Helping Nigeria create an education system sustainable, deliverable and equally beneficial to all |url=https://www.esspin.org/programme/education-in-nigeria-and-esspin |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=www.esspin.org |archive-date=2019-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916084758/http://esspin.org/programme/education-in-nigeria-and-esspin |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kasar tana da jimlar jami'o'i 153 da [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|NUC]] ta yi rajista daga cikinsu gwamnatin tarayya da ta jiha suna da 40 da 45 bi da bi yayin da jami'oʼi 68 ke da masu zaman kansu a watan Agusta, 2017 .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedigba |first=Azeezat |date=2017-08-02 |title=Number of Nigerian universities may double as NUC considers 200 new private university applications - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/238940-number-nigerian-universities-may-double-nuc-considers-200-new-private-university-applications.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bolaji |first=Funmilola |date=2020-04-30 |title=List of Universities in Nigeria as approved by NUC -2019 Latest Release |url=https://campusbiz.com.ng/list-of-universities-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2020-05-19 |website=Campusbiz Journal |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cewar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya, Najeriya tana da jami'o'in tarayya 43 da aka amince da su, jami'oʼin jihohi 47 da aka amince, jami'an masu zaman kansu 75 da aka amincewa, jami'ai 28 da aka amince a tarayya, jami'a masu zaman kansu 43, kwalejojin masu zaman kansu 51 da aka amince na tarayya 22, kwalejojin jihohi 47 le kwalejojin da aka amince.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EDU |title=Federal Universities |url=https://education.gov.ng/government-universities/ |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Don kara yawan jami'o'i a Najeriya, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ba da sabbin jami'oʼi masu zaman kansu 9 lasisin su a watan Mayu 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2019-03-13 |title=Higher Education in Nigeria {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Higher%20Education%20Worldwide/higher-education-nigeria |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en}}</ref> Sunayen jami'o'in da suka sami lasisi a [[Abuja]] sun haɗa da, Jami'ar Augustine, Ilara, Legas; Jami'ar Chrisland, Owode, Jihar Ogun; Jami'an Christopher, Mowe, Jihar Оgun; Jamiʼar Hallmark, Ijebu-Itele, Jihar Ugun; Jami" Jami'ar Sarakuna, Ode-Omu, [[Osun|Jihar Osun]]; Jami'a Michael da Cecilia Ibru, Owhrode, Jihare Delta; Jami'arsa ta Mountain Top, Jami'a, Jihar Makogi / Oba Ogun; Jihar Ritman, Ikot-Epene, Jihar Akwa-Ibom da Jami'ar Summit, Jami'an Uwar Kwamitin Zartarwa na Tarayya na gwamnatin Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari, ya amince da kafa sabbin jami'o'i masu zaman kansu 20 a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 2021, a Najeriya. Jerin da wurin sabbin Jami'o'in da aka amince da su kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |title=20 New Universities Lifts Private Varsities To 99 |url=https://www.nuc.edu.ng/20-new-universities-lifts-private-varsities-to-99/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |publisher=National Universities Commission |language=en-CA}}</ref> 1. Jami'ar Mudiame, Irrua, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] 2. Jami'ar Claretian, Nekede, Jihar Imo 3. Jami'ar Ave-Maria, Piyanko, Jihar Nasarawa 4. &nbsp;Jami'ar Topfaith, Mkpatak, Jihar Akwa Ibom 5. Jami'ar Maranatha, Mgbidi, Jihar Imo 6. Jami'ar Al-Istqama, Sumaila, Jihar Kano 7. Jami'ar Havilla, Nde-Ikom, Jihar Cross River 8. Jami'ar Karl Kumm, Vom, Jihar Plateau 9. Jami'ar Nok, Kachia, Jihar Kaduna 10. &nbsp;Jami'ar Thomas Adewumi, Oko Irese, Jihar Kwara 11. &nbsp;Jami'ar Ahman Pategi, Patigi, Jihar Kwara 12. Jami'ar Anan, Kwall, Jihar Plateau 13. Jami'ar Babban Birni, Kano, Jihar Kano 14. Jami'ar Edusoko, Bida, Jihar Nijar 15. Jami'ar James Hope, Agbor, Jihar Delta 16. &nbsp;Jami'ar Khadija, Majia, Jihar Jigawa 17. Maryam Abacha Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya, Kano, Jihar Kano 18. Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Mewar Najeriya, Masaka, Jihar Nasarawa 19. &nbsp;Jami'ar Philomath, Kuje, Abuja 20. &nbsp;Jami'ar Offa, Offa, Jihar Kwara. Bukatar shigarwa ta shekara ta farko a cikin mafi yawan jami'o'i a Najeriya sun haɗa da: Mafi ƙarancin SSCE / GCE na yau da kullun a matsakaicin zaman biyu; Mafi ƙaranci maki a cikin Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa da Matriculation (JAMB) jarrabawar shigarwa na 180 da sama daga matsakaicin alamomi 400 ana buƙatar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-17 |title=The Easiest Way to Gain Admission into Nigerian Universities |url=https://nigerianscholars.com/articles/securing-admission-into-school/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Nigerian Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Yan takara tare da mafi ƙarancin Merit Pass a cikin Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta Kasa (NCE), Diploma na Kasa (ND) da sauran takaddun shaida na Advanced Level mafi ƙaranci ƙwarewa tare da mafiƙalla 5 O / L Credits ana ba su shigarwa kai tsaye cikin shirye-shiryen digiri na farko. Dalibai tare da takardun da ake buƙata yawanci suna shiga jami'a daga shekaru 17-18 zuwa gaba kuma suna karatu don digiri na ilimi. A tarihi, an raba jami'o'i zuwa matakai da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=2017-02-07 |title=Education in Nigeria {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-nigeria |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en}}</ref> === Jami'o'i na ƙarni na farko === Tarihin ilimin jami'a a Najeriya za a iya gano shi zuwa Hukumar Elliot ta 1943, wanda ya ƙare da kafa Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan a cikin 1948. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abdulrahman |first=Yusuf |title=Historical Development, Universities in Nigeria, Chronology and the Journey So Far |url=https://www.academia.edu/12809180 |journal=Department of Educational Foundations_University of Port Harcourt |via=Academia.edu}}</ref> Biyar daga cikin wadannan jami'o'in an kafa su ne tsakanin 1948 da 1965, biyo bayan shawarar Hukumar Ashby da Gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Burtaniya ta kafa don nazarin bukatar ilimin jami'a ga Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Livsey |first=Timothy |year=2016 |title=Imagining an Imperial Modernity: Universities and the West African Roots of Colonial Development |url=http://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/3293/3/Livsey%20imagining%20an%20imperial%20modernity.pdf |journal=Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=952–975 |doi=10.1080/03086534.2016.1210305 |s2cid=159775041}}</ref> Wadannan jami'o'in suna samun cikakken tallafi daga [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin tarayya]]. An kafa su ne da farko don biyan bukatun ƙwararrun ma'aikata a Najeriya da kuma saita ƙa'idodi na asali don ilimin jami'a. Wadannan jami'o'i sun ci gaba da taka rawarsu don samar da ƙwararrun ma'aikata da samar da ka'idoji, waɗanda suka taimaka wajen jagorantar cibiyoyin da suka biyo baya na wasu tsararraki na jami'oʼi a Najeriya. Jami'o'i a cikin wannan matakin sune: * [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] * [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] * Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo * [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria]] * [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] === Jami'o'i na ƙarni na biyu === Tare da karuwar yawan ɗalibai masu cancanta don ilimin jami'a a Najeriya da kuma karuwar buƙatun ci gaban kimiyya da [[fasaha]], kafa ƙarin jami'o'i ya zama dole. Tsakanin 1970 da 1985, an kafa ƙarin jami'o'i 12 a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar. * [[Jami'ar Calabar]] * [[Jami'ar Ilorin]] * [[Jami'ar Jos]] * [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]] * Jami'ar Port Harcourt * [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero, Kano]] === Jami'o'i na ƙarni na uku === An kafa jami'o'i na ƙarni na uku tsakanin shekarar1980 da farkon 1990 don magance yankuna na musamman na buƙatun Fasaha da Aikin Gona game da buƙatar ƙwararrun Ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otonko |first=Jake |date=December 2012 |title=University Education in Nigeria: History, Successes, Failures and the Way Forward |url=https://infonomics-society.org/wp-content/uploads/ijtie/published-papers/volume-1-2012/University-Education-in-Nigeria-History-Successes-Failures-and-the-Way-Forward.pdf |journal=International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE) |volume=1 |issue=2 |via=Infonomics society}}</ref> Wadannan jami'o'i sune: * [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Owerri|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Owerri]] * Jami'ar Aikin Gona, Makurdi * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola]] * [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Akure|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Akure]] * [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Bauchi]] * [[Federal University of Technology, Minna|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Minna]] * Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, Abeokuta === Jami'o'in Jiha === Matsi daga dalibai masu cancanta daga kowace jiha waɗanda ba za su iya samun shigarwa a kowane Jami'o'in Tarayya ba ya ci gaba da hauhawa a kan Gwamnatocin Jihohi. Ya zama dole kuma na gaggawa ga wasu gwamnatocin jihohi su saka hannun jari wajen kafa Jami'o'i. === Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu === Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu cibiyoyin ne waɗanda masu zaman kansu da kungiyoyi ke mallaka, sarrafawa da gudanarwa. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta kafa doka a 1993, tana ba da izinin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu su kafa jami'o'i suna bin jagororin da Gwamnati ta tsara. Tsawon shirye-shiryen digiri na farko a jami'o'in Najeriya ya dogara da shirin karatu. Misali, darussan da suka shafi Kimiyya / Dan Adam sune Shekaru 4, darussan I.C.T masu alaƙa da shekaru 4, darussin da suka shafi Injiniya / Fasaha sune Shekaru 5, darussan Pharmacy sune Shekaru 5 ne, kuma darussan Shari'a sune Shekaru 5. Magunguna (Vet / Human) digiri suna ɗaukar Shekaru 6 kuma suna da zaman da ya fi tsayi a cikin shekara. A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2021, [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|Hukumar Jami'o'in Najeriya]] ta amince da ƙarin Jami'oʼi 20 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=3 Feb 2021 |title=FEC approves 20 new private universities (FULL LIST) |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/440434-fec-approves-20-new-private-universities-full-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203172910/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/440434-fec-approves-20-new-private-universities-full-list.html |archive-date=3 February 2021 |access-date= |website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> wanda yanzu ya sanya Jami'o" masu zaman kansu 99 da aka amince da su a Najeriya. == Ilimi na sana'a == A cikin ilimi a Najeriya, horar da sana'a da ilimi na al'ada sun mamaye a matsayin manyan hanyoyin raba takamaiman ilimin yanki.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Omolewa |first=Michael |date=2007 |title=Traditional African Modes of Education: Their Relevance in the Modern World |journal=International Review of Education |volume=53 |issue=5/6 |pages=593–612 |bibcode=2007IREdu..53..593O |doi=10.1007/s11159-007-9060-1 |jstor=27715419 |s2cid=53607868}}</ref> Gudanar da ilimin sana'a a cikin ƙasar ana kula da ita ta Hukumar Ilimi ta Fasaha ta Kasa.<ref name=":0">African Development Fund. </ref> A farkon shekarun 1980, sakamakon yawan rashin aikin yi ga masu kammala karatun makaranta, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da sabon girmamawa kan yin shirye-shiryen sana'a ga ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chuta |first=E. J. |date=1986 |title=Free Education in Nigeria: Socioeconomic Implications and Emerging Issues |journal=Comparative Education Review |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=523–531 |doi=10.1086/446634 |jstor=1188364 |s2cid=145244157}}</ref> Babban shirin ingantawa shine Babban Shirin na 2001-2010 don Ci gaban Tsarin Ilimi na Kasa wanda [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayyan Najeriya|Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya]] ta kirkira a cikin 2000. Kalubale na yanzu don tilasta waɗannan tsarin sun haɗa da ƙarancin malamai, ƙididdigar ƙididdiga game da bukatun kasuwar ma'aikata, da kuma tsarin karatun da fasaha a cibiyoyin horar da sana'a.<ref name=":0" /> Kamar yadda yake yanzu, dalibai a Najeriya na iya neman ko dai Takardar shaidar Fasaha ta Kasa ko Takardar shaidamar Fasaha ta Ƙasa. Gudanar da waɗannan takaddun shaida ana kula da su ta Hukumar Kasuwanci da Fasaha ta Kasa (NABTEB). Baya ga nau'ikan Ilimi na sana'a, gwamnatin Najeriya ta ba da izini da ƙarfafa shiga cikin koyo. Wadannan koyon suna taimakawa wajen koyar da ƙwarewar da ke tattare da takamaiman kasuwanci, amma kuma suna ba da jajircewa ga dabi'un al'umma ciki har da: haƙuri, ƙuduri, da girmamawa.<ref name=":1" /> Dokokin Kwadago na Yara sun hana yara kasa da shekaru 15 shiga aikin ma'aikata, amma yara da ba su kai shekara 15 ba na iya samun koyon aiki bisa doka.<ref name=":0" /> Yayinda ake yin ƙoƙari don inganta inganci da wadatar ilimin sana'a, ƙananan 'yan siyasa sun toshe hanyoyin da suka shafi manufofi.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=OMOLEWA |first=MICHAEL |date=2008 |title=Adult Literacy in Africa: The Push and Pull Factors |journal=International Review of Education |volume=54 |issue=5/6 |pages=697–711 |bibcode=2008IREdu..54..697O |doi=10.1007/s11159-008-9091-2 |jstor=40608042 |s2cid=144037777}}</ref> Rashin aiwatar da tsarin kasa yadda ya kamata ga ilimin ma'aikata yana da tushe a cikin rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa na kasar. Don wannan dalili, masana kimiyya da yawa sun yi tambaya idan 'yan siyasa suna ƙoƙarin mamaye ma'aikata da gangan ta hanyar rashin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Omole |first=M. A. Lanre |date=1998-09-01 |title=The politics of workers' education in Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=291–306 |doi=10.1080/0260137980170502 |issn=0260-1370}}</ref> == Ilimi na yau da kullun da shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu == [[Fayil:Early_reading_and_literacy_programs_contribute_to_long-term_development_(7269588282).jpg|thumb|Yara masu zuwa makaranta suna shiga cikin ilimin karatu da rubutu]] Hanyoyin ilimi na yau da kullun sun kafa tushe don ilimi mai zurfi a Najeriya na shekaru da yawa kuma har yanzu suna wasa a yau. Wadannan shirye-shirye da tsarin suna da wuyar nazarin su da kuma tantance su gaba ɗaya yayin da aka rarraba su kuma na musamman a cikin manufofinsu da ayyukansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sheffield |first=James R. |date=1972 |title=Nonformal Education in Africa: Micro-Solutions to Macro-Problems? |journal=African Studies Review |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=241–254 |doi=10.2307/523921 |jstor=523921 |s2cid=154157964}}</ref> Yawancin malamai sun kammala cewa rashin kudade da tsakiya gabaɗaya sun hana inganci, kudade, da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen karatu da rubutu ga yara da manya masu zuwa makaranta.<ref name=":4"/> Koyaya, mutane da yawa sun sami nasara wajen inganta aikin yi da haɓaka motsi na tattalin arziki ga waɗanda suka yi amfani da shirye-shiryen. Baya ga koyon sana'a, gwamnatin Najeriya da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban sun gabatar da dabarun da suka shafi al'umma don kara yawan karatu da rubutu tsakanin yara da manya. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan misali shine Cibiyar Kwarewa don Ilimi da Ilimi (CELLE), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da alhakin hanzarta ci gaban ƙasa ta hanyar ilimin karatu da rubutu. A shekara ta 1992, CELLE ta ƙaddamar da Premier Reading Club (PRC), wanda shine kulob din da aka tsara a ƙasa tare da tsarin da hanyoyin da aka tsara don koyar da yara da manya su karanta da raba ra'ayoyinsu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Onukaogu |first=Chukwuemeka Eze |date=1999 |title=Enhancing Reading Clubs in Nigeria: The CELLE's Experience |journal=Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=68–77 |jstor=40017046}}</ref> Wadannan shirye-shiryen sun sami nasarori daban-daban tare da kalubalen farko shine cewa kudade suna da wahala a samu. Ilimi na al'ada da na al'adu a Najeriya ya sami gagarumin ci gaba a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, amma tun lokacin da aka sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960, ba a samun kudade na ilimi a duk faɗin hukumar.<ref name=":2" /> Ilimi na al'ada ya kuma yi niyyar magance batutuwan da ba su da ilimin karatu da rubutu. Kira don shigar da ilimin [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]] na yau da kullun a cikin tsarin ilimin kurkuku sun kasance akai-akai kuma sun sadu da iyakantaccen amsawa daban-daban. Wannan yawan jama'a suna buƙatar wannan ilimi saboda fursunoni ba sa fuskantar daidaitattun hanyoyin talabijin da kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai da ke magance batun.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Enuku |first=Usiwoma Evawoma |last2=Enuku |first2=Christie Akpoigho |date=1999 |title=Incorporating AIDS Education in Prison Adult Education Programs in Nigeria |journal=Journal of Correctional Education |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=96–100 |jstor=23294867}}</ref> Daga hangen nesa na [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]], yawancin ilimin da ba na al'ada ba na manya ya dogara ne akan binciken yamma game da ilimin halayyar mutum da [[kimiyyar zamantakewa]]. Koyaya, ƙaruwar ƙungiyoyin ilimi suna da niyyar daidaitawa da gina kan waɗannan manufofi na yamma don inganta zamantakewa a Najeriya, da kuma kasashe masu tasowa a duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bhola |first=Harbans S. |date=2006 |title=Review of The Psychology of Adult Learning in Africa |journal=International Review of Education |volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=486–488 |jstor=29737108}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, ana iya bayyana tsarin ilimi na al'ada a Najeriya a matsayin mai rikitarwa da rikitarwa. Duk da babban tallafi ga saka hannun jari a cikin karatun manya da shirye-shiryen sana'a, ƙananan kungiyoyin 'yan siyasa da ƙalubalen kuɗi sun dakatar da aiwatar da shirye-aikacen karatu da rubutu da yawa.<ref name=":5"/> Wani binciken da aka yi game da shigar da gwamnatin kasa a cikin shirye-shiryen ilimi da karatu da rubutu ya kammala cewa yawan rashin karatu da rubutu a Najeriya yana da alaƙa da rashin sadaukarwar gwamnati ga manufofin ilimi na yau da kullun.<ref name=":4" /> == Ilimi na mata == [[Fayil:Female_literacy_rate_in_Nigeria_by_state_in_2013.svg|thumb|description=Female literacy rate in Nigeria by state in 2013<br /><br />{{legend|#0e1f85|> 90%}} {{legend|#5ba6f3|80–90%}} {{legend|#115a24|70–80%}} {{legend|#1e983e|60–70%}} {{legend|#24e556|50–60%}} {{legend|#e3e524|35–50%}} {{legend|#e02222|< 35%}}]] An amince da ilimi a matsayin hakki na ɗan adam na asali tun lokacin da aka amince da sanarwar 'yancin ɗan adam ta duniya a shekarar 1948. Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin rajistar 'yan mata a makarantar firamare da babban samfurin ƙasa da tsammanin rayuwa. Saboda wannan daidaituwa, yin rajista a makarantu yana wakiltar mafi girman bangare na saka hannun jari na al'umma a cikin babban birnin ɗan adam. An lura da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na al'umma don dogara da nau'in mata da iliminsu a wannan ƙasar. Kasancewar mata a cikin ilimi yana ƙaruwa, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, na gida, na jihohi, da na tarayya suna amfani da dalilai da yawa don ƙarfafa ƙarin mata a ilimi. Ana iya ganin mata a cikin manyan ayyuka daban-daban. Da yake an ce, har yanzu akwai ƙalubale da yawa da ke hana daidaito tsakanin jinsi a tsarin ilimin Najeriya. Akwai gagarumin nuna bambanci game da shigar mata a cikin takamaiman horo na ilimi, tare da nazarin da ke nuna kasancewar jinsi na ɗalibai ta hanyar malamai a makarantun sakandare. Mafi yawan shingen a halin yanzu shine ciki na matasa, auren matasa, imani na addini, talauci, da wuraren makaranta marasa kyau. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haɓakar ƙungiyoyin' yan gwagwarmaya kamar su Boko Haram, Bandits, Unknown Gunmen da' yan gangi na Niger Delta sun ba da gudummawa ga rushewar tsarin ilimi. A kokarin inganta ilimin mata a cikin 'yan mata, [[UNICEF]] ta fara wasu ayyukan a Najeriya. daya daga cikinsu shine The Girls' Education Project wanda aka fara ta hanyar Memorandum of Understanding da aka sanya hannu a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2004 tsakanin Asusun Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Duniya ta Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=Impact evaluation of UNICEF Nigeria Girls' Education project phase 3 (GEP3) Cash Transfer Programme |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/reports/impact-evaluation-unicef-nigeria-girls-education-project-phase-3-gep3-cash-transfer |access-date=2021-05-18 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar fahimtar aikin Ilimi na 'yan mata ta mayar da hankali kan tallafawa shirye-shiryen Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya da ke da niyyar cimma Ilimi na Firamare na Duniya da Ilimi na asali na Duniya kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Ilimi na Dukkanin manufofi guda shida. An tsara Shirin Canjin Kudin 'Yan Mata na 3 (GEP3-CTP) a matsayin shirin kariya na zamantakewa don rage tasirin talauci a kan rajistar yara mata da halartar makaranta a jihohin Nijar da Sokoto. An aiwatar da shirin na tsawon shekaru biyu (2014 zuwa 2016). UNICEF ta ba da umarnin Capra International don tantance shirin a kan ka'idoji biyar don fahimtar yadda aka aiwatar da shirin, tasirin da aka samu, da kuma gano darussan da za su iya sanar da ci gaba da aiwatar da Shirin Canjin Kudade.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-06 |title=Scaling up northern girls' interest in education |url=https://m.guardian.ng/features/scaling-up-northern-girls-interest-in-education/ |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> GEP3-CTP wani shiri ne na canja wurin kuɗi na shekaru biyu (Satumba 2014 - Agusta 2016) tare da babban burin kara yawan 'yan mata, riƙewa da kammala karatun asali a makarantun da aka zaɓa a jihohin Nijar da Sokoto. Capra International, wani bangare na Ghubril Ltd, ne ya gudanar da kimanta tasirin GEP3-CTP, daga Oktoba 2016 zuwa Maris 2017 a matakai biyu. Mataki na farko shi ne Binciken Bincike na GEP3-CTP, kuma mataki na biyu shi ne Bishirin Tasirin GEP3- CTP . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2017 |title=Impact Evaluation of UNICEF Nigeria Girls' Education Project Phase 3 (GEP3) Cash Transfer Programme |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/reports/impact-evaluation-unicef-nigeria-girls-education-project-phase-3-gep3-cash-transfer-0 |access-date=2022-02-16 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi na sakandare == A cikin Manufofin Kasa na Najeriya kan ilimi (FRN 1998) an bayyana cewa [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|Gwamnatin tarayya]] ta karɓi ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki don aiwatar da ci gaban ƙasa a duk fannoni na ƙasar. Ilimi a yankunan [[Countryside|karkara]] na Najeriya yana da mummunan ababen more rayuwa, rashin isasshen ma'aikatan ilimi, Rashin tsaro da rashin biyan ma'aikata da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2016 |title=Education In Rural Nigeria: An Assessment |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410115230/https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/amp/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html |archive-date=10 April 2021 |website=www.thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref> Ilimi yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma yana aiki a matsayin mahimmin ma'auni wajen auna tsarin ajanda na ci gaba. Koyaya, makarantun karkara a Najeriya suna cikin "jiha mai baƙin ciki" kuma sananne ne cewa yawancin jama'a a kasashe masu tasowa kamar Najeriya suna zaune a yankunan karkara, waɗanda gwamnati ta yi watsi da su idan ya zo ga ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Education In Rural Nigeria: An Assessment |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/208058/education-in-rural-nigeria-an-assessment.html |access-date=2021-04-12 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ecut6dj4p2bljtr88igxds0qzngj3gg 0 79686 840362 529407 2026-05-26T22:42:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Mukuba''' jami'a ce ta jama'a a [[Garneton]] (Itimpi), [[Kitwe]], Zambia . Jami'ar Mukuba, wacce a baya take Kwalejin Malamai ta Copperbelt (COSETCO), Ma'aikatar Ilimi ce ta kafa ta a shekarar 1974 don horar da Malaman Kimiyya don turawa a makarantun sakandare a duk faɗin ƙasar. Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, COSETCO a matsayin ma'aikata ta horar da malamai na lissafi, kimiyyar halitta, da tattalin arzikin gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government to turn five institutions into universities |url=http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=2012110218183395 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=University World News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2013 |title=President Sata to Launch Palabana University |url=http://www.lusakatimes.com/2013/05/16/president-sata-to-launch-palabana-university/ |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Lusaka Times |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528020551/https://www.lusakatimes.com/2013/05/16/president-sata-to-launch-palabana-university/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sake tsara ilimi == A shekara ta 2008 ma'aikatar ta fara bayar da digiri na farko kuma an kafa makarantu hudu waɗanda aka sake tsara su zuwa uku a shekarar 2018 a cikin tsarin sake fasalin: 1. Makarantar Ilimi da ke ba da darussan daban-daban, gami da ilimin halayyar dan adam, falsafar, ilimin zamantakewa, ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewar sadarwa. 2. Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha da ke ba da manyan fannoni a kimiyyar abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma tufafi da kimiyyar masana'antu. 3. Makarantar Lissafi da Kimiyya ta Halitta da ke ba da digiri a lissafi, kimiyyar kwamfuta, yanayin ƙasa, ilmin halitta, ilmin sunadarai, kimiyyyar lissafi da kimiyyar noma. Dukkanin shirye-shiryen suna gudana ta hanyar cikakken lokaci / yanayin yau da kullun, da kuma ta hanyar budewa da kuma yanayin ilmantarwa na nesa (ODL). == ICT == Jami'ar ta kafa Cibiyar sadaukar da kai don ICT, Cibiyar Fasahar Sadarwa. Rukunin yana da sassan huɗu, wato 1. Sashe na Cibiyar sadarwa, 2. Sashe na Horarwa, 3. Sashe na Ci gaban Software da 4. Sashen Taimako da Ba da Shawara. Laburaren Jami'ar Laburaren jami'a shine babban mai ba da bayanai ga dukkan dalibai da ma'aikata. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.mukuba.edu.zm/}} [[Category: Jami'o'i a Zambiya]] 7z566z7dse65yxpwzh7f7rd6ppfesuj 0 79865 840277 784891 2026-05-26T13:18:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Ghana Education Structure.gif|thumb|Tsarin ilimi a ghana]] '''Ilimi a Ghana''' yana amfani da tsarin ''dualistic'' wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin ilmantarwa na al'ada da na al'adu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Science and Technology in 18th Century Moliyili ) Dagomba) and the Timbuktiu Intellectual Tradition |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777_Science_and_Technology_in_18th_Century_Moliyili_Dagomba_and_the_Timbuktiu_Intellectual_Tradition}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Exploring the Golden Era Of Dagbon Kingdom: The Impact of Moliyili Scholars and Its Fall |url=https://dagbonkingdom.com/moliyili-golden-age-of-dagbon-kingdom/}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=CAUSE AND EFFECT BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE TRADITIONS: ANALYZING STATEMENTS THAT ADDRESS THE REGRESSION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN GHANA |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406716}}</ref> An gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yanzu a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turai. Koyaya, tsarin ilmantarwa ya wanzu kafin haka. Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 1700s. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Mazauna Turai da farko sun gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun da aka yi wa fitattun mutane [1], yayin da ilimin matsakaicin ɗan ƙasa yafi zama na al'ada, kuma ya dogara ne akan koyo. Ayyukan tattalin arziki a Ghana kafin mulkin mallaka sun dogara ne akan kayan gona da aka raba a cikin gidaje da membobin kowane gida waɗanda suka ƙware wajen samar da abubuwan da ake buƙata kamar kayan dafa abinci, mafaka, tufafi, da kayan ɗaki, don haka ana yin kasuwanci tare da wasu gidaje a kan ƙaramin sikelin. Saboda haka babu buƙatar aiki a waje da gida wanda in ba haka ba zai buƙaci horo, dabi'u, da ƙwarewa ta hanyar tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 October 2018|title=Schools under trees deserve national priority|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/daily-graphic-editorials/schools-under-trees-deserve-national-priority.html|access-date=11 January 2020|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Glavin|first=Chris|date=6 February 2017|title=History of Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics|url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/history-education-ghana|access-date=10 February 2020|website=www.k12academics.com|language=en}}</ref>[https://aaeafrica.org/ghana/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/amp/] Bayan mulkin mallaka, tattalin arzikin Ghana ya zama haɗin kai da tattalin arziki na al'ada.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hymer |first=Stephen |date=Spring 2018 |title=Economic Forms in Pre-Colonial Ghana |journal=Economic History Association |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=33–50 |doi=10.1017/S0022050700078578 |jstor=2116722 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10419/160011|s2cid=154689928 }}</ref> [https://www.mogcsp.gov.gh/government-positive-about-ending-child-labour-and-forced-child-labour-in-ghana-by-2025/]<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Akurang |first=Kwabena-Parry |date=2002 |title="The Loads Are Heavier than Usual": Forced Labor by Women and Children in the central province, Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), CA. 1900–1940 |journal=African Economic History |volume=30 |issue=30 |pages=31–35 |doi=10.2307/3601601 |jstor=3601601}}</ref> Alamun ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2016 |title=Ghana |url=https://uis.unesco.org/country/GH |access-date=9 February 2018 |website=uis.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref> a Ghana suna nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsi, yankunan karkara da birane, da Kudancin da Arewacin kasar. Wadannan bambance-bambance suna haifar da matakin jama'a game da jahilci da rashin daidaito a samun ilimi. Cire jahilci ya kasance babban burin manufofin ilimi na Ghana a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, kuma wahalar tabbatar da samun daidaito ga ilimi ta amince da hukumomi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukan jama'a a cikin yankuna biyu sun samar da sakamakon da masana na kasa da kungiyoyin kasa suka yanke hukunci mai mahimmanci amma bai isa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=Forum |url=https://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114055559/http://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Association of African Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙara ilimin sana'a da horo a cikin ICT a cikin tsarin ilimi ana kuma jaddada shi a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana. == Tarihi == Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekarun 1700, <ref name=":0"/> kuma ana tallafawa da kudade daga Yaa Naa, sarkin [[Masarautar Dagbon|Dagbon]], wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai kula da sarauta. <ref name=":3"/><ref name=":4"/> An watsar da wannan cibiyar ilmantarwa a lokacin mamayar Jamus.<ref name=":3" /> Amma ga al'ummomin Ghana da yawa a zamanin mulkin mallaka, ilimi a cikin ya kasance na al'ada; ana ba da ilimi da ƙwarewa ta baki da kuma ta hanyar koyo.<ref name="qualityed">{{Cite web |last=Joe Adu-Agyem |last2=Patrick Osei-Poku |date=November 2012 |title=Quality Education In Ghana: The Way Forward |url=http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151355/http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=International Journal of Innovative Research and Development |pages=165–166}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kwamena-Poh |first=Michael A. |date=1975 |title=The Traditional Informal System of Education In Pre-colonial Ghana |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24349566 |journal=Présence Africaine |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.3917/presa.095.0269 |issn=0032-7638 |jstor=24349566}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=The Informal Learning System in Ghana |url=https://aaeafrica.org/home/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/ |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=Africa Association of Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}</ref> Zuwan mazauna Turai a lokacin ya kawo sabbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa. An gina makarantu na al'ada, wanda ya ba da ilimi na littafi.<ref name="qualityed" /> Masu sauraron su sun hada da fitattun mutane (mulattos, 'ya'yan sarakuna na gida, da masu cin kasuwa masu arziki) kuma kasancewarsu ta iyakance ga sansanonin mulkin mallaka a bakin tekun.<ref name="AEHN">{{Cite web |last=Denis Cogneau |last2=Alexander Moradi |date=November 2012 |title=Borders that divide: Education and religion in Ghana and Togo since colonial times |url=http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042243/http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The African Economic History Network}}</ref> === Makarantun Castle === An bayyana niyyar [[Portugal|Portuguese na]] kafa makarantu a cikin umarnin mulkin mallaka a cikin 1529 wanda ya ƙarfafa gwamnan Portuguese a Elmina Castle ya koyar da karatu, rubutu, da addinin Katolika ga mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ansah |first=Solomon |date=2 October 2017 |title=History of Education in Ghana |url=http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=GhanaCulturePolitics |language=en-US |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502110008/http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/africa/ghanan-political-geography/ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Makarantun Castle da aka fi sani da su a Gold Coast sun haɗa da wanda Danish ke sarrafawa a Osu Castle, wanda aka fi sani le Fort Christianborg. Sauran shahararrun makarantun Castle sune makarantar Dutch a Elmina Castle (bayan kama shi) da kuma makarantar Burtaniya a Cape Coast Castle .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana – History Background |url=https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/529/Ghana-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=education.stateuniversity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ghanaweb.com">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=Brief History of State-Organized Education in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Brief-History-of-State-Organized-Education-in-Ghana-54812 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> === Karni na 18 === A shekara ta 1765, Philip Quaque ya kafa makaranta a gidansa a Cape Coast wanda daga baya ya zama makarantar firamare ta farko a Ghana. Makarantar Yara ta Philip Quaque ta samar da sanannun digiri da yawa kamar; tsohon Kakakin Majalisar, Ebenezer Begyina Sekyi Hughes, tsohon Shugaban Ma'aikata a karkashin tsohon Shugaba [[Jerry Rawlings|Jerry John Rawlings]], Nana Ato Dadzie, da Oguaa Omanhen, Osaebar Kwesi Atta II . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Taken makarantar, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Yaren Fante, shine "Nyansa ahyese ne Nyamesuro" wanda ke fassara a matsayin "Tsoron Ubangiji shine farkon Hikima".<ref name="ghanaweb.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=First School In Ghana In Ruins |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/First-School-In-Ghana-In-Ruins-82979 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> === Karni na 19 === Bayan ya zauna a [[Kumasi]] a 1807, Muhammed al-Ghamba - shugaban al'ummar musulmi na [[Daular Ashanti]], ya gina makaranta a farkon karni na 19. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=John S. Pobee}}</ref> A shekara ta 1819, makarantar ta karbi dalibai 70 tare da Asantehene Osei Bonsu yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar. Karni na 19 ya ga karuwar tasirin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje. Tare da isowar ƙarin manufofi a cikin ƙasar ya zo fashewa a makarantun manufofi ko'ina cikin kudancin Ghana. Masu wa'azi na Wesleyan da Basel sun kafa makarantu a Cape Coast, [[Accra]], Anomabu, Dixcove, Akropong, da kuma duk bakin tekun tsakanin shekarun 1830 da 1850. A cikin 1831 an aika sarakuna biyu na Ashanti - Owusu Kwantabisa, ɗan [[Osei Yaw Akoto]], da Owusu Ansah, ɗan O Sei Bonsu - zuwa makarantar Cape Coast Castle don samun ilimi a kan kuɗin Kyaftin George Maclean, sannan gwamnan [[Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]]. Daga baya aka tura sarakuna biyu zuwa Ingila don ƙarin karatu. A cikin shekarun 1840, masu wa'azi na Wesleyan sun koma Kumasi don kafa makarantun mishan. <ref name="ghanaweb.com"/> A farkon karni, Burtaniya ta sami tasiri a kan yankunan Ghana wanda ya haifar da kafa mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast a 1874. Tare da shi ya zo da yawan makarantun mishan da kamfanonin kasuwanci, ayyukan Wesleyan da Basel sune mafi shahara. Ofishin Jakadancin Wesleyan ya kasance a bakin tekun tare da Turanci a matsayin babban yarensu. Aikin Basel ya fadada zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya yi amfani da harsuna na gari a matsayin matsakaici na tuba. Tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Burtaniya, manufofi sun bunƙasa a cikin tsarin da aka rarraba sosai wanda ya bar babban wuri don 'yancin koyarwa. Ayyuka sun kasance babban mai ba da ilimi na yau da kullun har zuwa samun 'yancin kai. A karkashin mulkin mallaka, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance gata ga 'yan kaɗan. [[Fayil:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-46-19.jpg|thumb|Janairu 1957: dalibai tare da babban malami a waje da Legon Hall, ɗaya daga cikin Halls of Residence a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast (yanzu [[Jami'ar Ghana]]) kusa da Accra]] === Karni na 20 zuwa 21 === Ghana ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1957. Sabuwar gwamnatin Nkrumah ta bayyana ilimi a matsayin mabuɗin nan gaba sannan ta sanar da wata babbar jami'a da ke samar da "ra'ayin Afirka", wanda ke samun tallafin ilimi na bai ɗaya kyauta. <ref name="kwame">{{Cite web |last=Kwame Akyeampong |title=Educational Expansion and Access in Ghana: A Review of 50 Years of Challenge and Progress |url=http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/50%20Years%20of%20Educational_Progress_%20in_Ghana.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=Centre for International Education, University of Sussex}}</ref> A shekarar 1961, Dokar Ilimi ta gabatar da ka'idar ilimin firamare kyauta da tilas, sannan aka kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah. <ref name="IBE2">{{Cite web |last=Ghana Education Service (GES) |date=2004 |title=The development of Education, National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731203731/https://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=2}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel, G. F. |date=1997–1998 |title=The universities in Ghana |url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The Commonwealth Universities Year Book}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, da rajista  kusan ninki biyu a shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="CEPA">{{Cite web |last=Abena D. Oduro |date=2000 |title=Basic Education in Ghana in the post-reform period |url=http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |publisher=Center for Policy Analysis (CEPA) |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033605/http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan faɗaɗa kwatsam ya kasance, duk da haka, yana da wuyar iyawa; Nan da nan Ghana ta gaza samun horarwar malamai <ref>{{Cite web |date=1969 |title=International Year Book of Education |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001329/132959eo.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=79}}</ref> kuma an yi tambaya game da ingancin manhajar (musamman a Turanci da Lissafi). <ref name="CEPA" /> Faduwar Nkrumah a shekarar 1966 ya biyo bayan sukar da aka yi kan fadada ilimi kan tsadar inganci. <ref name="kwame" /> Duk da saurin haɓaka kayan aikin makaranta, rajista a hankali ya ragu har zuwa 1973. <ref name="CEPA" /> Shekarar 1974 ta ga yunkurin kawo sauyi. Bayan rahoton kwamitin Dozbo, sun </link> ya bi manufofi guda biyu: rage tsawon lokacin karatun gaba da sakandare (wanda ya haifar da samar da tsarin firamare / yara / manyan makarantu) <ref name="cambridge">{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |pages=9–14 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma gyara shirye-shirye don inganta darussa masu amfani a makaranta. <ref name="qualityed"/> <ref name="CEPA" /> An aiwatar da waɗannan gyare-gyare ne kawai saboda ƙarancin kuɗi da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. <ref name="qualityed" /> <ref name="CEPA" /> <ref name="cambridge" /> Yanayin tattalin arzikin kasar ya kara tabarbarewa a farkon shekarun 1980. <ref name="kwame" /> <ref name="cambridge" /> Yayin da kasar ke fama da koma bayan tattalin arziki, kasar ta gaza wajen magance matsalar karancin malamai, kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa a makarantu, da kuma shawo kan iyaye su tura ‘ya’yansu makaranta maimakon ma’aikata. <ref name="CEPA" /> <ref name="CCE">{{Cite web |last=John Macbeath |date=October 2010 |title=Living with the colonial legacy: The Ghana story |url=http://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/cce/publications/CCE_Report_No3-Ghana_LivingTheColonialLegacy.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=Center for Common Wealth Education |page=2}}</ref> Babban Ratio na Rijista (GER) ya ragu sosai a cikin martani, ya faɗi ƙasa da 70% a cikin 1985. <ref name="CEPA" /> Shekarar 1987 ta nuna farkon sabon jerin gyare-gyare: juyin mulkin soja na [[Jerry Rawlings]] a 1981 ya biyo bayan wani lokaci na kwanciyar hankali na siyasa kuma ya buɗe hanyar samun goyon bayan kasa da kasa.<ref name="kwame"/> Gwamnatin Rawlings ta tara isasshen kuɗi daga ƙasashe da yawa da kungiyoyin duniya (ciki har da [[Bankin Duniya]]) don samar da manyan canje-canje ga tsarin ilimi.<ref name="cambridge"/> Dokar Ilimi ta 1987 da nufin juya matakan kwamitin Dozbo na 1974 zuwa gaskiya: an kaddamar da kamfen ɗin karatu da rubutu na ƙasa, <ref name="cambridge" /> rage ilimin sakandare daga shekaru 17 zuwa 12 kuma ilimin sana'a ya bayyana a makarantun sakandare.<ref name="CCE"/> Ilimi ya zama tilas daga shekaru 6 zuwa 14. Gyaran ya yi nasara wajen sanya sabon tsarin ilimi, da kuma kara yawan shiga da yawan makarantu.<ref name="cambridge2">{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |page=26 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka alkawarin samun dama ga ilimi na asali na duniya bai cika ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua J.K. Baku, ERNWACA |date=2003 |title=Critical Perspectives on Education and skills in eastern Africa on basic and post-basic Levels |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=NORRAG}}</ref> An kuma dauki shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin gazawar.<ref name="cambridge2" /> Komawa ga mulkin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1992, har yanzu a karkashin gwamnatin Rawlings, ya ba da sabon motsi ta hanyar dawo da aikin jihar don samar da ilimi na asali kyauta da tilas ga kowa.<ref name="IBE">{{Cite web |date=September 2010 |title=World Data on Education |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314095728/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=3}}</ref> Dokar karamar hukuma ta 1993 ta fara rarraba a cikin gudanar da ilimi, ta hanyar canja wurin iko ga majalisun gundumar.<ref name="IBE" /> The Free, tilas da Universal Basic Education (FCUBE) sun samar da shirin aiki na tsawon 1996-2005, suna mai da hankali kan kawar da bambancin jinsi a makarantun firamare, inganta kayan koyarwa, da inganta yanayin rayuwar malamai.<ref name="cambridge" /> Daga baya aka kammala shi ta hanyar ayyuka kamar kirkirar Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha a cikin 2006 (don inganta ilimin sana'a), da kuma kafa kwamitin amincewa na kasa a cikin 2007, gabatar da amincewar kasa ga dukkan cibiyoyin matakin sakandare.<ref name="IBE" /> A cikin 2007-08, an kara shekaru biyu a makarantar sakandare zuwa FCUBE (wanda yanzu yana daga shekaru 4 zuwa 14). <ref name="IBE" /> == Kididdiga == Kudin da Ghana ke kashewa a kan ilimi ya kasance kusan kashi 25% <ref name="World Bank"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="617">[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?locations=GH=GHdisplay=graph "Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure)"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="618">''worldbank.org''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="619">[[World Bank]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="621"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2023</span>.</span></cite></ref> na kasafin kudin shekara-shekara a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Tsarin ilimin Ghana daga makarantar sakandare zuwa matakin digiri yana ɗaukar shekaru 20.<ref name="Education in Ghana">[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/education/ "Education in Ghana"] ghanaweb.com</ref><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:552px;max-width:552px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:University_of_Education,_Winneba_(UEW)_North_Campus.jpg|alt=|272x272px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Bayyanar gaba na [[University of Education, Winneba|Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba]] (UEW) Arewa Campus a Winneba.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:College_of_Engineering,_KNUST_Auditorium.JPG|alt=|272x272px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Daliban Jami'ar Ghana a [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] (KNUST) a Kumasi, Fabrairu 2011.</div></div></div></div></div>Ghana ta zira kwallaye 1 a kan [[UNESCO]] Gender Parity Index (GPI) don matakan makarantar firamare da sakandare a shekarar 2013. <ref name="news.myjoyonline.com">{{Cite web |title=Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ENR.PRSC.FM.ZS |access-date=21 July 2013 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Adadin manya (15 da tsofaffi) a Ghana ya kai 79.04% a cikin 2018, tare da maza a 83.53% da mata a 74.47% .<ref name="Field listing: Literacy">{{Cite web |date=October 2020 |title=Literacy rate Ghana |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=GH |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Canjin hanzari na Ghana daga tattalin arziki na al'ada zuwa tattalin arziki na yau da kullun ya sanya ilimi muhimmiyar manufa ta siyasa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Lord |first=Jack |year=2011 |title=Child Labor in the Gold Coast: The Economics of Work, Education, and the Family in Late-Colonial African Childhoods, c. 1940–57 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/11595/1/Jack_Lord,_Child_Labor_in_the_Gold_Coast.pdf |journal=The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth |volume=4 |pages=88–115 |doi=10.1353/hcy.2011.0005 |s2cid=143683964}}</ref> Girman aikin, da kuma matsalolin tattalin arziki da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, sun rage yunkurin sake fasalin. Dokar Ilimi ta 1987, wanda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992, ya biyo baya, ya ba da sabon ci gaba ga manufofin ilimi a kasar. A cikin shekara ta 2011, yawan shiga makarantar firamare ya kai 84%, wanda [[UNICEF]] ta bayyana a matsayin "da nisa" na matsakaicin [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|yankin Sahara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Making tertiary education free: a priority of all university students |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Making-tertiary-education-free-a-priority-of-all-university-students-646753 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin rahoton 2013-14, Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya ya sanya Ghana a matsayi na 46 daga cikin kasashe 148 don ingancin tsarin ilimi. A shekara ta 2010, yawan mutanen da suka iya karatu da rubutu a Ghana ya kai 71.5%, tare da sanannen rata tsakanin maza (78.3%) da mata (65.3%). <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Charity that Empowers Children to dream |url=https://eddiesteddies.org/our-projects |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Eddies Teddies |language=en-US}}</ref> Jaridar Guardian ta bayyana a watan Afrilun 2015 cewa kashi 90% na yara a Ghana sun shiga makaranta, gaba da kasashe kamar [[Pakistan]] da [[Najeriya]] a kashi 72% da 64% bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |url=https://fireprojectghana.com/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Yawan karatun maza da mata masu shekaru 15-24 a Ghana ya kai 81% a cikin 2010, tare da maza a 82%, da mata a 80% . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.MA.ZS/countries |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.FE.ZS |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2008, rajista ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a duk matakan ilimi (firamare, firamare, sakandare, da sakandare).{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Tare da kashi 84% na 'ya'yanta a makarantar firamare, Ghana tana da rajistar makaranta "da nisa" daga maƙwabtanta na kudu da Sahara.<ref name="UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality">{{Cite web |title=UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality |url=http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803061043/http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 April 2012 |website=unicef.org |publisher=[[UNICEF|United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF)}}</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin ilimi ya karu a wannan lokacin.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ilimi na sana'a (a cikin cibiyoyin [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]], ba tare da haɗa shirye-shiryen sana'a da fasaha na SHS ba) shine kawai banda, tare da raguwar rajista na 1.3% da ɓacewar fiye da cibiyoyi 50 tsakanin shekarun 2011/12 da 2012/2013.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Wannan faduwar za ta kasance sakamakon ƙarancin ilimi na sana'a da rashin buƙata daga masana'antu.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Shiga da GER a cikin pre-tertiary (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} ! !{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}} !{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}} !{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}} !{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}} !{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutes}} |- !Shigarwa |1,604,505 |4,105,913 |1,452,585 |842,587 |61,496 |- |GER a cikin % |113.8 |105.0 |82.2 |36.8 |2.7 |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Yawan tsarin da ke cikin ilimin sakandare (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} ! !{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}} !{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}} !{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}} !{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}} !{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutions}} |- !Jama'a |13,305 |14,112 |8,818 |535 |107 |- !Masu zaman kansu |5,972 |5,742 |3,618 |293 |74 |- !Jimillar |19,277 |19,854 |12,436 |828 |181 |} Ma'aikatar Ilimi kididdigar ta nuna dalibai 261,962 a lokacin karatun 2011/2012: 202,063 a bangaren gwamnati da 59,899 a bangaren masu zaman kansu, suna halartar cibiyoyi 142.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} == Tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun == === Bayani na gaba ɗaya === [[Fayil:Ghana_Education_Structure.gif|right|thumb|550x550px|{{Center|Education structure of Ghana}}]] Tsarin ilimin Ghana ya kasu kashi uku: ilimi na asali, ilimin sakandare, da ilimin sakandare. Shekarar ilimi yawanci tana tafiya daga Agusta zuwa Mayu hadawa kuma tana da makonni 40 a makarantar firamare da babbar makarantar sakandare, da makonni 45 a makarantar sakandare. Ana koyar da darussan da farko a Turanci. === Ilimi na asali === {{Blockquote|HE in Ghana is disproportionately ‘consumed’ by the richest 20% of the population. Male students from the highest income quintile (Q5) are more than seven times more likely to enter and successfully complete HE than those from the poorest quintile (Q1). The situation is even more precarious for the female category where students come from only the richest 40% of the population.|World Bank 2011|[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/06/27/000442464_20130627122630/Rendered/PDF/597550Revised00elivery0March0902011.pdf" Education in Ghana: Improving equity, efficiency, and accountability of Education service delivery]}} Ilimi na asali yana da shekaru 12 (shekaru 4-15). <ref name="GEScurr">{{Cite web |title=Basic Education curriculum |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525195225/http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum-1 |archive-date=25 May 2014 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service (GES)}}</ref> Shirin yana da kyauta kuma ya tilas kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi ƙarancin lokacin makaranta da ake buƙata don tabbatar da cewa yara suna samun ilimin karatu da rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewar warware matsaloli da ƙwarewa don kerawa da rayuwa mai kyau".<ref name="GEScurr" /> An raba shi zuwa makarantar sakandare, makarantar firamare da makarantar sakandare (JHS), wanda ya ƙare a Jarabawar Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta asali (BECE). <ref name="BECE">{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council(corporate site: Ghana) |title=BECE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519130523/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Makarantar jariri tana da shekaru biyu (shekaru 4-6). <ref name="GEScurr"/> Shirin ya kasu kashi shida: <ref name="GEScurr" /> Harshe da Karatu (Ci gaban Harshe), Ayyuka masu kirkiro (Drawing da Rubuce-rubuce), Lissafi (Aiki na Lamba), Nazarin Muhalli, Motsi da Wasan kwaikwayo (Music da Dance), da Ci gaban Jiki (Ilimi na Jiki). Makarantar firamare tana da shekaru shida (shekaru 6-11). <ref name="GEScurr"/> Darussan da aka koyar a matakin firamare ko na asali sun haɗa da Turanci, yarukan Ghana da al'adun Ghana, ICT, lissafi, nazarin muhalli, nazarin zamantakewa, Mandarin da Faransanci (kamar yadda Ghana memba ce ta OIF), haɗin kai ko kimiyya gaba ɗaya, ƙwarewar sana'a da ƙwarewar fasaha, ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a, da ayyukan jiki kamar kiɗa da rawa na Ghana, da ilimin jiki. Babu takardar shaidar kammala a ƙarshen makarantar firamare.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Makarantar sakandare ta Junior tana da shekaru uku (shekaru 12-15). <ref name="GEScurr2">{{Cite web |title=Basic curriculum Education: The Junior High Education |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605133413/http://ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service}}</ref> JHS ta ƙare tare da BECE, wanda ya rufe harshen Ingilishi, harshen Ghana da al'adu, nazarin zamantakewa, hadadden kimiyya, lissafi, ƙira da fasaha, ICT, Faransanci (zaɓin rai), da Ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a.<ref name="BECE"/> === Ilimi na sakandare === <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:413px;max-width:413px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:Pope_John_Senior_High_School_and_Minor_Seminary_students_receive_their_WASSCE_upon_Graduation.jpg|alt=|215x215px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Paparoma John Senior High School da Minor Seminary dalibai karbar [[WASSCE]] bayan kammala karatunsu kafin shiga [[University education|jami'a]]</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:Accra_Aca_81st_Anniversary_Science_Exhibition.JPG|alt=|190x190px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Daliban [[Accra Academy|Kwalejin Accra]] suna yin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya</div></div></div></div></div> Daliban da suka wuce BECE na iya ci gaba zuwa ilimin sakandare, suna karatun ko dai shirye-shiryen ilimi ko sana'a. Don ilimin ilimi, ɗalibai suna shiga makarantar sakandare (SHS). Shirin SHS ya ƙunshi manyan batutuwa, waɗanda aka kammala ta hanyar batutuwa (waɗanda ɗalibai suka zaɓa). Babban batutuwa sune harshen Ingilishi, lissafi, hadadden kimiyya (ciki har da kimiyya, ICT da nazarin muhalli) da nazarin zamantakewa (tattalin arziki, yanayin ƙasa, tarihi da gwamnati). <ref name="A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System |url=http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809071841/http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |website=TobeWorldwide.org}}</ref> Dalibai suna zaɓar batutuwa uku ko huɗu daga shirye-shiryen da ake da su: noma, zane-zane ko kimiyya, kasuwanci, sana'a da shirye-shirye na fasaha.<ref name="A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council (WAEC) |date=2012 |title=WASSCE – subjects for examination |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502002700/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |archive-date=2 May 2017 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> Wannan tsarin karatun yana da shekaru uku, sakamakon sauye-sauye da yawa: an tsawaita shi zuwa shekaru huɗu a 2007 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Modern Ghana |title=The 2007 education Reform and its challenges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/475340/1/the-2007-educational-reform-and-its-callenges.html |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> sannan ya koma shekaru uku a 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |date=2 September 2009 |title=3-year SHS programme starts next year |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=167932 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Tsawon SHS har yanzu tambaya ce mai jayayya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TV3 Network |title=Bring back the 4 year SHS system |url=http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519004229/http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana Web |date=5 June 2013 |title=The fate of Ghana's Education system |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=275876 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> SHS ta ƙare a jarrabawar ƙarshe da ake kira jarrabawar takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (WASSCE), wanda ake kira takardar shaidarsa ta makarantar sakandare (SSSC) kafin shekara ta 2007.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Ana kafa matsayi na SHS a kowace shekara ta sashen Statistics, Research, Information, Management and Public Relations (SRIMPR) na Ma'aikatar Ilimi, bisa ga sakamakon WASSCE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Expose Ghana |date=March 2014 |title=2013 WASSCE SHS Rankings- Full List |url=http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |access-date=18 May 2014 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519002805/http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyuka da ilimin fasaha (wanda ake kira "TVET") suna ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban. Dalibai da ke son neman ilimin sana'a suna da zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu: shiga SHS da ɗaukar shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin zaɓuɓɓugar, ko shiga cibiyar fasaha da sana'a (TVI). <ref name="UNEVOC"/> Daliban SHS suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru uku na SHS. Za su iya - biyo bayan isasshen sakamakon WASSCE - shiga jami'a ko shirin polytechnic.<ref name="UNEVOC" /><ref name="COTVET">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET)}}</ref> Daliban TVI yawanci suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru huɗu, an raba su cikin zagaye biyu na shekaru biyu, wanda ke haifar da kyaututtuka daga City & Guilds, Royal Society of Arts ko Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka.<ref name="COTVET" /> Za su iya bin shirin polytechnic.<ref name="UNEVOC" /> Yanayin ilimin sana'a a Ghana ya kasance ba a sani ba: 90% na ilimin sana'o'i har yanzu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, yana ɗaukar nau'in koyo.<ref name="COTVET"/> Bayar da shirye-shiryen sana'a na yau da kullun a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu yana da wuyar bayyanawa kuma Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fahimci rashin iya samar da shirye-'adun sana'a ta jama'a.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatu da yawa suna da nasu shirye-shirye.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Akwai makarantu da yawa na kasa da kasa a Ghana, gami da Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Takoradi, Makarantar Kasa ta Galaxy, Makarantar Roman Ridge, Makarantar Duniya ta Ghana, Makarantar Al'umma ta Lincoln, Makarantar Faith Montessori, Makarantar Kasashen Duniya ta Amurka, Makarantar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar, Makarantar Sabuwar Ƙasa, Kwalejin Duniya ta SOS Hermann Gmeiner da Makarantar Al-umma ta Duniya. Wadannan suna ba da Baccalaureat na Duniya, Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi na Ci gaba da Babban Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Sakandare ta Duniya (IGCSE). === Ilimi na sakandare === Ilimi na sakandare a Ghana ya kasance yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, duka dangane da rajista da cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Wani bangare mai mahimmanci na wannan ci gaba ya fito ne daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=The development of Education: National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820010306/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=IBE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Private Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=65&Itemid=193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140523154620/http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=65&Itemid=193 |archive-date=23 May 2014 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=National Accreditation Board (NAB)}}</ref> Jami'o'i (6 na jama'a da 49 masu zaman kansu) {{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} suna ba da ilimi na ilimi, daga bachelor zuwa PhD. Ana shigar da dalibai bisa ga aikin su a [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] - ana buƙatar matsakaicin maki 24 don yin amfani da shirin digiri na farko (duba "Tsarin Girma" a ƙasa). Ana kammala digiri na farko bayan shekaru hudu na karatun digiri a wani takamaiman filin.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Digiri na Jagora suna da nau'o'i biyu: shirin shekara guda da aka kammala tare da takarda ta ƙarshe bisa ga nazarin wallafe-wallafen, ko shirin shekaru biyu, wanda aka kammala tare le takarda ta karshe bisa ga shekara guda na bincike mai zaman kansa.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Dukansu zasu iya haifar da PhD, yawanci ana samun su a cikin shekaru uku a cikin shirin digiri.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Akwai polytechnics goma a Ghana, wanda ke ba da darussan sana'a na shekaru uku wanda ke haifar da Digiri mafi girma na kasa (HND).{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Dalibai za su iya bin shirin na musamman na watanni 18 don samun digiri na farko na Fasaha.<ref name="UNEVOC"/> Ghana kuma tana da "kollejojin ilimi" da yawa, na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Yawanci suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya - kwalejojin noma, kwalejojin horar da malamai, kwalejoji na horar da malaman, da dai sauransu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Sabbin masu digiri na sakandare dole ne su yi aiki shekara guda a cikin Ma'aikatar Kasa. Masu halarta na iya aiki a daya daga cikin bangarori bakwai masu zuwa: noma, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, karamar hukuma, ci gaban karkara, soja ko shirye-shiryen matasa <ref name="ICICP">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Country profile: Ghana |url=http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102702/http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=International Association for National Youth Service}}</ref><ref name="NSS">{{Cite web |title=Mandate of the NSS |url=http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=103 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140806212250/http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=103 |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=National Service Scheme (NSS)}}</ref> A lokacin annobar coronavirus, jami'o'i da yawa a Ghana sun ɗauki Fasahar Ilimi don ba da damar ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane da ilmantarwa mai nisa. Duk da yake ICTs sun kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimi a Ghana, binciken da aka yi a 2022 ya nuna kalubalen ilmantarwa mai kama da COVID a cikin shirye-shiryen digiri a jami'o'in jama'a na Ghana.Kalubale sun haɗa da rashin sadaukarwa daga malamai da ɗalibai game da ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane, ilimin da ba cikakke ba game da dandamali na ilmantarwa da aka yi amfani da su, da kuma rashin sadarwa tsakanin jami'o'i da ɗaliban game da dandalin ilmantarwa. '''Shigarwa cikin ilimi mai zurfi''' Don shiga kwalejojin ilimi, ana buƙatar masu neman su biya kuɗin , don samun Lambar tantancewa ta mutum (PIN) da lambar shigarwa don amfani da su don samun dama da cika fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=April 13, 2020 – St Francis College of Education |url=http://www.franco.edu.gh/2020/04/13/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Masu nema za su zaɓi kwalejoji uku da suka zaɓa don shirin su bisa ga fifiko, akan fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi. Idan ba su sami shigarwa cikin zaɓi na farko ba, za a iya la'akari da zaɓi na biyu da na uku.<ref name="AGH-20200325">{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=17 March 2020 |title=Official Admission Forms For All Colleges Of Education In Ghana And How To Apply 2020 / 2021 |url=https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325130615/https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Tsarin darajar === Tsarin ƙididdigar Ghana ya bambanta a kowane lokaci a ilimi. Ta hanyar makarantar sakandare zuwa ƙaramar makarantar sakandare, kowane aji da ɗalibin ya samu an rubuta shi dangane da lambobi. Ba kamar tsarin grading na haruffa ba, babu tsarin pluses da minuses (watau babu 1+ ko 6- maki). <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Structure of Formal Education {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/structure-formal-education |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Babban makarantar sakandare''' Har zuwa shekara ta 2007, babbar makarantar sakandare ta ƙare tare da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare (SSSC).{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin sa ya tafi daga A zuwa E.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} A cikin 2007, [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] ta maye gurbin SSSC.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin kimantawa na WASSCE yana ƙara lambobi ga haruffa, yana ba da sikelin kimantawa mafi girma. A cikin tsarin biyu, kowane matsayi yana nufin wasu maki. Don shiga shirin digiri na farko, galibi ana tambayar masu neman kada su wuce maki 24 a WASSCE.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} {| class="wikitable" |+Tsarin karatun sakandare na makarantar sakandare {{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} !Matsayi na SSSCE (kafin 2007), [a cikin maki] !Matsayi na WASSCE (tun daga 2007), [a cikin maki] !Bayyanawa |- |A [1] |A1 [1] |Mai Kyau |- |B [2] |B2 [2] |Yana da kyau sosai |- |C [3] |B3 [3] |Daɗi |- |D [4] |C4 [4] |Kyauta |- | |C5 [5] |Kyauta |- | |C6 [6] |Kyauta |- |E |D7 |wucewa |- | |E8 |wucewa |- |F |F9 |Rashin Nasara |- |} '''Ilimi na sakandare''' Tsarin grading ya bambanta tsakanin cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Kusan dukkanin cibiyoyin sakandare sun dogara ne akan Matsakaicin Matsakaicin (GPA) a matsayin hanyar tantance ko dalibi yana kasawa ko wucewa, amma kowane makaranta yana da nasu hanyar lissafin GPA, saboda tsarin su na mutum. Misali, alamar 80 na iya zama A a makaranta daya amma A + a wata makaranta. == Ilimi mai zaman kansa da haɗin gwiwar masu zaman kansu a Ghana == Gwamnatin Ghana ba za ta iya ɗaukar kuɗin ilimi ba, don haka akwai cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da yawa don taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Nsiah-Peprah |first=Y. |date=1 January 2004 |title=Assessment of the role of private schools in the development of education in Ghana. A study of the Kumasi Metropolis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/just/article/view/32917 |journal=Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=54–75 |issn=0855-0395}}</ref> Gwamnatin Ghana ba ta iya samar da ƙarin ayyukan ilimi ba <ref name=":02" /> don haka ilimi ya zama ƙoƙari na gwamnati da cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu, don biyan rashin ingancin kudi a gefen gwamnati da kuma sa ilimi ya sami damar kowa.<ref>Adoma, K., & S. Yeboah (2014). </ref> Akwai kira ga haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu a ilimi a mafi yawan ƙasashe masu tasowa saboda karuwar shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu cikin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akyeampong |first=Kwame |date=2009 |title=Public–private partnership in the provision of basic education in Ghana: challenges and choices |journal=Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.1080/03057920902750368 |s2cid=144531369 |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref> Tsarin wannan hadin gwiwa ta bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu don magance matsalar samar da ilimi a matakin asali ko na farko kamar haka''':''' <ref name=":02"/> {| class="wikitable" !Hukumar !Matsayi |- |'''Sashen jama'a''' | |- |Gwamnatin Tsakiya |Mai alhakin biyan malamai da ke koyarwa a makarantun gwamnati Yana da alhakin samar da litattafan kyauta ga ɗalibai a makarantun gwamnati, daga firamare 1 zuwa 6 Mai alhakin samar da kayayyaki, kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don makarantun jama'a na asali |- |Taron Gundumar | title="<nowiki&gt;Kindergarten</nowiki&gt;" |Bayar da kayan aikin ilimi |- |- |'''Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu''' | |- |Iyaye |Mai alhakin biyan kuɗin masu amfani da littafi ga yara a matakin makarantar sakandare Mai kula da kayan gida, abinci, da sufuri zuwa da kuma daga makaranta |- |Al'ummomi |Kula da aji da samarwa |- |Coci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu |Bayar da gine-ginen makaranta da tsari, kayan aiki |- |- |Cibiyoyin Masu zaman kansu / Mutane |Kafa da gudanar da makarantu masu zaman kansu da masu kafa ke gudanarwa kawai, ba tare da taimakon kudi ko ababen more rayuwa daga gwamnati ba |- |Ƙungiyoyin Duniya |Bayar da taimakon kudi da fasaha don ilimi na asali a Ghana |} Kasancewar masu zaman kansu a cikin ilimi ya shafi ilimi a Ghana; <ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2014 |title=The role and impact of private schools in developing countries – Bibliography and literature reviews |url=https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |publisher=Institute of Education, University of London |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2018-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092205/https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> makarantun firamare da ƙananan makarantun sakandare masu zaman kansu sun fi makarantun gwamnati. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Private schools for the poor |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/private-schools-for-the-poor/ |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> 74.7% na makarantun firamare da ƙananan sakandare 779 an gano su a matsayin makarantun masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙididdigar da aka gudanar a gundumar Ga, yayin da sauran 25.3% an gano su ne a matsayin gwamnati ko makarantun gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tooley |first=James |last2=Dixon |first2=Pauline |last3=Amuah |first3=Isaac |date=1 July 2007 |title=Private and Public Schooling in Ghana: A Census and Comparative Survey |journal=International Review of Education |language=en |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=389–415 |bibcode=2007IREdu..53..389T |doi=10.1007/s11159-007-9042-3 |issn=0020-8566 |s2cid=144312107}}</ref> A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan dalibai a kasashe masu tasowa da ke halartar makarantun masu zaman kansu ya karu daga 11% zuwa 22% .<ref>Abdul-Hamid, Husein; Baum, Donald Rey; De Brular, Laura Lewis; Lusk-Stover, Oni; Tettey, Leslie Ofosu. </ref> == Gudanarwa == === Gudanarwa === Ilimi a Ghana yana ƙarƙashin alhakin Ma'aikatar Ilimi. Hukumomin da yawa suna aiwatar da manufofi; Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana (GES) tana da alhakin daidaita manufofin ilimi na kasa a kan ilimin sakandare.<ref name="IBE"/> Yana raba wannan aikin tare da hukumomi masu cin gashin kansu guda uku: Hukumar Kula da Makarantu ta Kasa (NaSIA, tsohon NIB), Majalisar Koyarwa ta Kasa (NTC) da Majalisar Kasa don Tsarin Mulki da Bincike (NCCA). <ref name="GEDP">{{Cite web |date=February 2012 |title=Ghana Education Decentralization Project (GEDP): Operational Framework for National Teaching Council (NTC) |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=Ministry of Education |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808132641/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana gudanar da jarrabawar ƙarshe na ilimin sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (Ofishin Kasa, Ghana) wanda ya haɗa da BECE da WASCCE, da kuma jarrabawar ƙwararru na ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the WASSCE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519131046/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=WASSCE}}</ref> Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa an sadaukar da ita ga gudanar da TVET.<ref name="UNEVOC">{{Cite web |date=July 2012 |title=Vocational Education in Ghana |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=GHA |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UNEVOC}}</ref> Tarin da nazarin bayanan ilimi ana sarrafa su ta hanyar Tsarin Bayanai na Gudanar da Ilimi (EMIS). <ref name="IBE" /> Ana aiwatar da manufofi tare da hadin gwiwar ofisoshin gida. An raba Ghana zuwa yankuna 16 da ofisoshin gundumar 230. <ref name="IBE"/> Shirin Rarraba Ilimi na Ghana (GEDP), wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2010 kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2012, ya kara tasirin hukumomin gida kan gudanarwa, kudi, da batutuwan aiki idan ya zo ga al'amuran ilimi.<ref name="GEDP"/> === Kudin gudanarwa === Jihar Ghana ta sadaukar da kashi 23% na kudaden da ta kashe don ilimi a shekara ta 2010. Fiye da 90% na wannan kasafin kudin Ma'aikatar Ilimi da hukumomin ta ne ke kashewa, tare da ilimin firamare (31% na kashewa) da kuma ilimin sakandare (21.6%) da ke karɓar mafi yawa. Kudin da aka kashe ana tallafawa ne daga masu ba da gudummawa. Daga cikinsu akwai Bankin Duniya, Amurka (ta hanyar USAID), Ingila (ta hanyar DfID) da Tarayyar Turai. Kasancewarsu yawanci ana mayar da hankali ne ga aikin kuma ana ba da ita a wasu yanayi, yana ba su wani tasiri. Wannan tasirin na iya haifar da muhawara idan ya zo ga maɓalli-reforms: don aikin FCUBE, Bankin Duniya ya ɗora cajin littafi a makarantun firamare da rage farashin ciyarwa da shiga a makarantun sakandare. Da yake fuskantar zargi, Bankin ya nace kan "mai karfi na cikin gida" na sake fasalin da kuma bukatar tabbatar da "farfadowar farashin". Tsakanin shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2012, gudummawar masu ba da gudummawa ga kasafin kudin ilimi ya fadi daga 8.5% zuwa 2.5% na jimlar kashewa. === Horar da malamai === Kwalejin Ilimi (CoE) sune manyan cibiyoyin horar da malamai. A halin yanzu, akwai CoE na jama'a 46 a duk yankuna na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=CoE Network |url=https://www.t-tel.org/coes-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128141150/http://www.t-tel.org:80/coes-network |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=t-tel.org}}</ref> Suna ba da tsarin karatun shekaru uku wanda ke kaiwa ga difloma a Ilimi na asali (DBE). <ref name="Teacher">{{Cite journal |last=Kwame Bediako Asare |last2=Seth Kofi Nti |date=April 2014 |title=Teacher Education in Ghana: A contemporary synopsis and matters arising |journal=SAGE Open |publisher=SageOpen |volume=4 |issue=2 |doi=10.1177/2158244014529781 |s2cid=143032669 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An bayyana tsarin karatun a matsayin "daidai" kuma tare da "maida hankali ga ƙasa" koda kuwa CoE suna nan a kowane yanki na Ghana.<ref name="Teacher" /> Cibiyar Ilimi ta [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] ce ke gudanar da jarrabawar karshe da ke ba da DBE.<ref name="Teacher" /> Ana ba masu riƙe da DBE damar koyarwa a kowane matakin ilimi na asali (kindergarten, makarantar firamare, makarantar sakandare). <ref name="Teacher" /> Baya ga CoE, jami'o'i biyu (Cape Coast da [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba|Winneba]]) suma suna horar da malamai. Takamaiman digiri na shekaru huɗu yana ba da damar koyarwa a kowane ilimi na farko (yawancin masu digiri suna zaɓar ilimin sakandare). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Research overview: Teacher preparation and continuing professional development in Africa (TPA) |url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/cie/projects/completed/tpa/ghana |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=University of Sussex}}</ref> Ana buƙatar takamaiman digiri na biyu don koyarwa a CoE.<ref name="Teacher"/> Har ila yau, jami'o'i suna ba da digiri na DBE tsarin karatun shekaru biyu wanda ke ba da damar koyarwa a makarantar sakandare.<ref name="Teacher" /> Ilimi na nesa kuma yana yiwuwa ta hanyar shirin shekaru huɗu wanda ke haifar da Diploma na Malami mara horo a Ilimi na asali (UTDBE). <ref name="Teacher"/> An gabatar da shi don kara yawan malamai na ilimi na asali a yankunan karkara. Malamai masu hidima na iya ci gaba da shirye-shiryen ilimi a makarantar, rukuni da matakan yanki.<ref name="Teacher" /> == Ayyukan jama'a da manufofi == === Ilimi na manya, ilimi mara kyau === Ayyukan jama'a game da jahilci sun fara sama da shekaru 50 da suka gabata a Ghana. An fara shi a cikin shekarun 1940 ta sarakunan Burtaniya, an ɗaga shi zuwa mafi girma bayan samun 'yancin Ghana a shekara ta 1957. Rikicin siyasa ya iyakance wannan aikin ga shirye-shiryen gajeren lokaci, har zuwa 1987 da kuma kirkirar Sashen Ilimi na Ƙasashen (NFED), wanda burinsa shine kawar da jahilci a shekara ta 2000. Bayan gwaji mai gamsarwa a yankuna biyu, an fadada aikin ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu (FLSP) zuwa duk ƙasar a cikin shekara ta 1992. A shekara ta 2000, Shirin Nazarin Ayyuka na Kasa (FNLP) ya karɓi shirin, wanda har yanzu yake aiki a yau. Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna mai da hankali kan jinsi da rashin daidaito na ƙasa. Mata da mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara sune manyan burinsu. A shekara ta 2004, akwai cibiyoyin karatu da rubutu 1238 , galibi a yankunan da ba na birni ba. Ayyukan da suka biyo baya sun haifar da ci gaban kididdiga.<ref name="NFE">{{Cite web |last=Francis Owusu-Mensah |date=2008 |title=Ghana non-formal Education |url=http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809063533/http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1997, kashi 64% na mata da kashi 38% na maza ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, tare da yawan karatun duniya na kashi 54%.<ref name="ODI">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=National Functional Literacy Programme (NFLP) |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |archive-date=12 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112200649/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ilimin mata ya kai kashi 65% kuma yawan ilimin duniya ya karu zuwa kashi 71.5%.<ref name="Field listing: Literacy"/> Masana kimiyya, duk da haka, sun nuna rashin isasshen ci gaba na karatu da rubutu tsakanin mata da kuma wahalar waɗanda suka kammala karatu don ci gaba da sabbin ƙwarewarsu.<ref name="NFE" /> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Juyin halitta na yawan karatu da rubutu a tsawon lokaci <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2013 |title=Adult and youth literacy: National, regional and global trends, 1985–2015 |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002174/217409e.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UIS |page=51 (Table 6)}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" |Ilimi na manya (15+) ! colspan="3" |Ilimin matasa (15-24) |- |{{Abbr|Av|Average}} |{{Abbr|M|Male}} |{{Abbr|F|Female}} |{{Abbr|Av|Average}} |{{Abbr|M|Male}} |{{Abbr|F|Female}} |- |2000 |57.9 |66.4 |49.8 |70.7 |75.9 |65.4 |- |2010 |71.5 |78.3 |65.3 |85.7 |88.3 |83.2 |- |2015 (bayani) |76.3 |81.5 |71.0 |90.6 |91.3 |89.9 |} Sauran nau'ikan ilimin da ba na yau da kullun ba kuma NFED ke gudanar da su, kamar su "Kwarewar Rayuwa" (shirye-shiryen iyali, tsabta, rigakafin cutar kanjamau) da aka yi niyya ga matasa da matasan iyaye, horar da ƙwarewar sana'a ga manya marasa aikin yi da kuma tarurrukan wayar da kan jama'a (a kan haƙƙin jama'a da ayyuka) da aka tattauna ga manya marasa karatu. === Ci gaban ilimin fasaha da sana'a === Akwai bangaren ilimi na yau da kullun a Ghana, wanda yawanci ya kunshi cibiyoyin horar da sana'a da fasaha. Wadannan cibiyoyin ba na al'ada ba ne saboda ba sa faruwa a cikin aji; maimakon haka, yawanci suna ɗaukar nau'in koyo, ilmantarwa kai tsaye, aiki, da kulawa daga masu horarwa. Yawancin lokaci babu takardar shaidar hukuma ko sanarwa ko cancanta da aka ba masu horo. Ci gaban [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]] ana ɗaukarsa fifiko ne daga hukumomin tsakiya don magance talauci da rashin aikin yi.<ref name="COTVET2">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET) |pages=19–35}}</ref><ref name="OECD">{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Ghana country profile |url=http://www.oecd.org/dev/emea/40577770.pdf |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=OECD |pages=341–342}}</ref> TVET a Ghana tana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa: ƙarancin ƙarewa (a cikin 2011, 1.6% na yawan jama'a sun sami digiri na TVET yayin da 11% na yawan jamaʼa suka bi shirin TVET), masu koyarwa marasa horo da rashin ababen more rayuwa. Masana'antu na Ghana suna sukar rashin ƙwarewar masu digiri na yau da kullun, da kuma rashin ƙwarewa na asali (karanta da rubutu) na masu koyo na yau da kullum. A cikin shekara ta 2008, OECD ta zargi rashin daidaituwa na tsarin cancanta da yawaita takaddun shaida na TVET marasa amfani. Majalisar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa (COTVET) ta lura cewa ɗaliban TVET na al'ada da waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu suna gwagwarmaya don neman aiki, sannan kuma dole ne su magance matsalar samun kudin shiga ko ƙananan albashi. TVET, sabili da haka, yana fama da mummunar suna tsakanin ɗalibai, iyaye da ma'aikata. A shekara ta 2005, an aiwatar da tsarin karamin bashi don tallafawa matasa marasa aikin yi (shirin STEP). <ref name="OECD"/> A shekara ta 2006, an kirkiro COTVET kuma an ba shi aikin daidaita manufofin TVET a Ghana.<ref name="UNEVOC"/> Majalisar ta gabatar da Asusun Matasa na Kasa a cikin shekara ta 2006, kuma ta ba da shawarar tsarin cancantar TVET a cikin shekara.<ref name="COTVET2"/> Har ila yau, yana ƙoƙari ya tsara bangaren da ba na al'ada ba ta hanyar Shirin Koyon Kasa (NAP) da kuma ƙarfafa jagora da ba da shawara a matakin ilimi na asali. <ref name="UNEVOC" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=Skills advocate: Quarterly COTVET newsletter |url=http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809024837/http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=9 September 2015 |publisher=COTVET}}</ref> Tasirin yana da wuyar tantancewa: <ref name="COTVET2"/> 90% na horo ba bisa ka'ida ba ne [1] kuma duka bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu suna da rarraba sosai. <ref name="OECD"/>{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatar Ilimi kanta ta yarda da rashin iyawarta na samar da ra'ayi na kididdiga game da bangaren TVET a Ghana.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} === Daidaitawa a samun damar zuwa makarantar sakandare === Tare da hauhawar shiga cikin makarantun sakandare, gasa don shiga cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma ta karu. A shekara ta 2001, Jami'ar Ghana ta yarda da kashi 96% na aikace-aikacen da ta karɓa, yayin da a shekara ta 2011 yawan karɓa ya faɗi zuwa 52%. Wannan karuwar zaɓe yana nuna rashin daidaito a Ghana game da ilimi, kamar yadda mata da 'yan karkara na Ghana ba su da wakilci a cikin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kuma wani abu ne na warewa, kamar yadda karatu a matakin mafi girma yana da tsada - jami'o'in jama'a yawanci ba su da kyauta, amma suna caji don wasu ayyuka ciki har da rajista, samun damar fasaha, gwaje-gwaje, amfani da wuraren ilimi, da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Wadannan cajin na iya haifar da halayen tantance kai kamar wasu dalibai da ke zabar Kwalejin Horar da Malamai (inda dalibai za su iya karɓar tallafi) maimakon yin rajista a jami'o'i. An kirkiro manufofi don ƙoƙarin iyakance waɗannan rashin daidaito. Wasu jami'o'i sun saukar da mafi ƙarancin shigarsu ko ƙirƙirar tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai daga "ƙananan makarantun sakandare". An kirkiro "Yankin Ilimi na Mata" a cikin Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana don rage bambancin jinsi. Rukunin yana ƙoƙari ya magance matsalar a tushen sa, yana mai da hankali kan ilimin asali don kauce wa manyan 'yan mata da suka bar makaranta daga JHS zuwa SHS. An sami ci gaba; tsakanin 1999 da 2005, yawan 'yan mata a makarantar sakandare ya karu daga 25% zuwa 32%. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wakilci mata sosai ba, saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da yanayin makarantu masu ƙiyayya, fifiko da aka ba wa 'ya'ya maza a cikin iyalai matalauta, ci gaba da matsayin jinsi ("mace tana cikin gida"), auren da aka shirya da wuri, ciki na matasa, da sauransu. Daliban Ghana na ilimi mafi girma galibi maza ne da masu arziki: A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na 2020, Sakatariyar Bincike ta Ghana ta kaddamar da aikace-aikacen tallafin karatu na kan layi da tsarin gudanarwa don taimakawa wajen kawar da rashin jin daɗi da masu neman tallafin karatu ke fuskanta wajen neman tallafin gwamnati a ilimi. An kuma tsara wannan tsarin don taimakawa Sakatariyar yadda ya kamata kuma ta hanyar samar da tallafin karatu ga masu neman. Masu nema za su iya neman tallafin karatu kuma suyi gwajin iyawa a kan layi kuma a yi musu tambayoyi a gundumominsu ba tare da tafiya zuwa [[Accra]] ba, kamar yadda aka buƙaci a baya.<ref name="AGH-20200502">{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=16 April 2020 |title=Apply For Scholarship In Ghana And Abroad Using Government's Online Application Process |url=https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=21 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421071320/https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ICT a cikin ilimi === [[Fayil:Wikimedia_Outreach_in_Ghana_6.jpeg|thumb|Daliban [[Jami'ar Ghana]] sun shiga cikin yaduwar Wikipedia]] A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kulawar gwamnati ta sauya zuwa amfani da fasahar kwamfuta a koyarwa da ilmantarwa. Matsayin ICT (Fasahar sadarwa Bayanai) a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana yana buƙatar amfani da ICT don koyarwa da koyo a duk matakan tsarin ilimi. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yi ƙoƙari don tallafawa cibiyoyin koyar da ilimin ICT. Yawancin makarantun sakandare da wasu makarantun firamare suna da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kwamfuta. Duk da sha'awar tarayya a cikin ICT, samun damar kwamfuta yana da iyaka sosai kuma ma'aikatan suna ɗaukar na'urorin lantarki don tabbatar da cewa ba a sace su ba. Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da haɗin koyarwa na ICTs daga 2009 zuwa 2011 a cikin makarantu 10 na Ghana ya nuna cewa akwai rata tsakanin umarnin manufofi da ainihin ayyuka a makarantu. Ana mai da hankali ga tsarin karatun hukuma akan ci gaban ƙwarewar ɗalibai a cikin kayan aikin ICT, amma ba lallai ba ne ta amfani da fasaha a matsayin hanyar ilmantarwa ban da amfani da na'urorin. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa Ma'aikatar Ilimi a halin yanzu tana ƙoƙarin tura isasshen albarkatun ICT don haɓaka ilimin ICT da ake buƙata don ƙwarewar kwamfuta don a haɗa su cikin koyarwa / ilmantarwa. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} qswp7blee5dhkek38prlibm33mq8yz8 840278 840277 2026-05-26T13:18:58Z KiranBOT 35988 cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s 840278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Ghana Education Structure.gif|thumb|Tsarin ilimi a ghana]] '''Ilimi a Ghana''' yana amfani da tsarin ''dualistic'' wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin ilmantarwa na al'ada da na al'adu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Science and Technology in 18th Century Moliyili ) Dagomba) and the Timbuktiu Intellectual Tradition |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323228777_Science_and_Technology_in_18th_Century_Moliyili_Dagomba_and_the_Timbuktiu_Intellectual_Tradition}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Exploring the Golden Era Of Dagbon Kingdom: The Impact of Moliyili Scholars and Its Fall |url=https://dagbonkingdom.com/moliyili-golden-age-of-dagbon-kingdom/}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=CAUSE AND EFFECT BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE TRADITIONS: ANALYZING STATEMENTS THAT ADDRESS THE REGRESSION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN GHANA |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406716}}</ref> An gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yanzu a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turai. Koyaya, tsarin ilmantarwa ya wanzu kafin haka. Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 1700s. A lokacin mulkin mallaka, Mazauna Turai da farko sun gabatar da tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun da aka yi wa fitattun mutane [1], yayin da ilimin matsakaicin ɗan ƙasa yafi zama na al'ada, kuma ya dogara ne akan koyo. Ayyukan tattalin arziki a Ghana kafin mulkin mallaka sun dogara ne akan kayan gona da aka raba a cikin gidaje da membobin kowane gida waɗanda suka ƙware wajen samar da abubuwan da ake buƙata kamar kayan dafa abinci, mafaka, tufafi, da kayan ɗaki, don haka ana yin kasuwanci tare da wasu gidaje a kan ƙaramin sikelin. Saboda haka babu buƙatar aiki a waje da gida wanda in ba haka ba zai buƙaci horo, dabi'u, da ƙwarewa ta hanyar tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 October 2018|title=Schools under trees deserve national priority|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/daily-graphic-editorials/schools-under-trees-deserve-national-priority.html|access-date=11 January 2020|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Glavin|first=Chris|date=6 February 2017|title=History of Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics|url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/history-education-ghana|access-date=10 February 2020|website=www.k12academics.com|language=en}}</ref>[https://aaeafrica.org/ghana/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/] Bayan mulkin mallaka, tattalin arzikin Ghana ya zama haɗin kai da tattalin arziki na al'ada.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Hymer |first=Stephen |date=Spring 2018 |title=Economic Forms in Pre-Colonial Ghana |journal=Economic History Association |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=33–50 |doi=10.1017/S0022050700078578 |jstor=2116722 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10419/160011|s2cid=154689928 }}</ref> [https://www.mogcsp.gov.gh/government-positive-about-ending-child-labour-and-forced-child-labour-in-ghana-by-2025/]<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Akurang |first=Kwabena-Parry |date=2002 |title="The Loads Are Heavier than Usual": Forced Labor by Women and Children in the central province, Gold Coast (Colonial Ghana), CA. 1900–1940 |journal=African Economic History |volume=30 |issue=30 |pages=31–35 |doi=10.2307/3601601 |jstor=3601601}}</ref> Alamun ilimi <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2016 |title=Ghana |url=https://uis.unesco.org/country/GH |access-date=9 February 2018 |website=uis.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref> a Ghana suna nuna bambance-bambance tsakanin jinsi, yankunan karkara da birane, da Kudancin da Arewacin kasar. Wadannan bambance-bambance suna haifar da matakin jama'a game da jahilci da rashin daidaito a samun ilimi. Cire jahilci ya kasance babban burin manufofin ilimi na Ghana a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, kuma wahalar tabbatar da samun daidaito ga ilimi ta amince da hukumomi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Education in Ghana {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/education-ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukan jama'a a cikin yankuna biyu sun samar da sakamakon da masana na kasa da kungiyoyin kasa suka yanke hukunci mai mahimmanci amma bai isa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2019 |title=Forum |url=https://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114055559/http://www.aaeafrica.org/home/forum/ |archive-date=14 January 2020 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Association of African Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙara ilimin sana'a da horo a cikin ICT a cikin tsarin ilimi ana kuma jaddada shi a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana. == Tarihi == Jami'ar Moliyili tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin ilmantarwa na farko a Ghana da aka kafa a cikin shekarun 1700, <ref name=":0"/> kuma ana tallafawa da kudade daga Yaa Naa, sarkin [[Masarautar Dagbon|Dagbon]], wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai kula da sarauta. <ref name=":3"/><ref name=":4"/> An watsar da wannan cibiyar ilmantarwa a lokacin mamayar Jamus.<ref name=":3" /> Amma ga al'ummomin Ghana da yawa a zamanin mulkin mallaka, ilimi a cikin ya kasance na al'ada; ana ba da ilimi da ƙwarewa ta baki da kuma ta hanyar koyo.<ref name="qualityed">{{Cite web |last=Joe Adu-Agyem |last2=Patrick Osei-Poku |date=November 2012 |title=Quality Education In Ghana: The Way Forward |url=http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151355/http://ojms.cloudapp.net/index.php/ijird/article/view/35804/28986 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=International Journal of Innovative Research and Development |pages=165–166}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kwamena-Poh |first=Michael A. |date=1975 |title=The Traditional Informal System of Education In Pre-colonial Ghana |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24349566 |journal=Présence Africaine |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.3917/presa.095.0269 |issn=0032-7638 |jstor=24349566}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=The Informal Learning System in Ghana |url=https://aaeafrica.org/home/the-informal-learning-system-in-ghana/ |access-date=11 December 2020 |website=Africa Association of Entrepreneurs |language=en-US}}</ref> Zuwan mazauna Turai a lokacin ya kawo sabbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa. An gina makarantu na al'ada, wanda ya ba da ilimi na littafi.<ref name="qualityed" /> Masu sauraron su sun hada da fitattun mutane (mulattos, 'ya'yan sarakuna na gida, da masu cin kasuwa masu arziki) kuma kasancewarsu ta iyakance ga sansanonin mulkin mallaka a bakin tekun.<ref name="AEHN">{{Cite web |last=Denis Cogneau |last2=Alexander Moradi |date=November 2012 |title=Borders that divide: Education and religion in Ghana and Togo since colonial times |url=http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042243/http://www.aehnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/AEHN-WP-4.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The African Economic History Network}}</ref> === Makarantun Castle === An bayyana niyyar [[Portugal|Portuguese na]] kafa makarantu a cikin umarnin mulkin mallaka a cikin 1529 wanda ya ƙarfafa gwamnan Portuguese a Elmina Castle ya koyar da karatu, rubutu, da addinin Katolika ga mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ansah |first=Solomon |date=2 October 2017 |title=History of Education in Ghana |url=http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=GhanaCulturePolitics |language=en-US |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502110008/http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/history-of-education-in-ghana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/africa/ghanan-political-geography/ghana |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> Makarantun Castle da aka fi sani da su a Gold Coast sun haɗa da wanda Danish ke sarrafawa a Osu Castle, wanda aka fi sani le Fort Christianborg. Sauran shahararrun makarantun Castle sune makarantar Dutch a Elmina Castle (bayan kama shi) da kuma makarantar Burtaniya a Cape Coast Castle .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana – History Background |url=https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/529/Ghana-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=education.stateuniversity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ghanaweb.com">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=Brief History of State-Organized Education in Ghana |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Brief-History-of-State-Organized-Education-in-Ghana-54812 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> === Karni na 18 === A shekara ta 1765, Philip Quaque ya kafa makaranta a gidansa a Cape Coast wanda daga baya ya zama makarantar firamare ta farko a Ghana. Makarantar Yara ta Philip Quaque ta samar da sanannun digiri da yawa kamar; tsohon Kakakin Majalisar, Ebenezer Begyina Sekyi Hughes, tsohon Shugaban Ma'aikata a karkashin tsohon Shugaba [[Jerry Rawlings|Jerry John Rawlings]], Nana Ato Dadzie, da Oguaa Omanhen, Osaebar Kwesi Atta II . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=24 January 2021 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Taken makarantar, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Yaren Fante, shine "Nyansa ahyese ne Nyamesuro" wanda ke fassara a matsayin "Tsoron Ubangiji shine farkon Hikima".<ref name="ghanaweb.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Philip Quaque School carries history of Ghana's education |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/features/philip-quaque-school-carries-history-of-ghana-s-education.html |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2001 |title=First School In Ghana In Ruins |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/First-School-In-Ghana-In-Ruins-82979 |access-date=6 March 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> === Karni na 19 === Bayan ya zauna a [[Kumasi]] a 1807, Muhammed al-Ghamba - shugaban al'ummar musulmi na [[Daular Ashanti]], ya gina makaranta a farkon karni na 19. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=John S. Pobee}}</ref> A shekara ta 1819, makarantar ta karbi dalibai 70 tare da Asantehene Osei Bonsu yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da makarantar. Karni na 19 ya ga karuwar tasirin masu wa'azi a ƙasashen waje. Tare da isowar ƙarin manufofi a cikin ƙasar ya zo fashewa a makarantun manufofi ko'ina cikin kudancin Ghana. Masu wa'azi na Wesleyan da Basel sun kafa makarantu a Cape Coast, [[Accra]], Anomabu, Dixcove, Akropong, da kuma duk bakin tekun tsakanin shekarun 1830 da 1850. A cikin 1831 an aika sarakuna biyu na Ashanti - Owusu Kwantabisa, ɗan [[Osei Yaw Akoto]], da Owusu Ansah, ɗan O Sei Bonsu - zuwa makarantar Cape Coast Castle don samun ilimi a kan kuɗin Kyaftin George Maclean, sannan gwamnan [[Gold Coast (Mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya)|Gold Coast]]. Daga baya aka tura sarakuna biyu zuwa Ingila don ƙarin karatu. A cikin shekarun 1840, masu wa'azi na Wesleyan sun koma Kumasi don kafa makarantun mishan. <ref name="ghanaweb.com"/> A farkon karni, Burtaniya ta sami tasiri a kan yankunan Ghana wanda ya haifar da kafa mulkin mallaka na Gold Coast a 1874. Tare da shi ya zo da yawan makarantun mishan da kamfanonin kasuwanci, ayyukan Wesleyan da Basel sune mafi shahara. Ofishin Jakadancin Wesleyan ya kasance a bakin tekun tare da Turanci a matsayin babban yarensu. Aikin Basel ya fadada zurfi a cikin ƙasa kuma ya yi amfani da harsuna na gari a matsayin matsakaici na tuba. Tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Burtaniya, manufofi sun bunƙasa a cikin tsarin da aka rarraba sosai wanda ya bar babban wuri don 'yancin koyarwa. Ayyuka sun kasance babban mai ba da ilimi na yau da kullun har zuwa samun 'yancin kai. A karkashin mulkin mallaka, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance gata ga 'yan kaɗan. [[Fayil:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-46-19.jpg|thumb|Janairu 1957: dalibai tare da babban malami a waje da Legon Hall, ɗaya daga cikin Halls of Residence a Kwalejin Jami'ar Gold Coast (yanzu [[Jami'ar Ghana]]) kusa da Accra]] === Karni na 20 zuwa 21 === Ghana ta samu 'yancin kai a shekarar 1957. Sabuwar gwamnatin Nkrumah ta bayyana ilimi a matsayin mabuɗin nan gaba sannan ta sanar da wata babbar jami'a da ke samar da "ra'ayin Afirka", wanda ke samun tallafin ilimi na bai ɗaya kyauta. <ref name="kwame">{{Cite web |last=Kwame Akyeampong |title=Educational Expansion and Access in Ghana: A Review of 50 Years of Challenge and Progress |url=http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/50%20Years%20of%20Educational_Progress_%20in_Ghana.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=Centre for International Education, University of Sussex}}</ref> A shekarar 1961, Dokar Ilimi ta gabatar da ka'idar ilimin firamare kyauta da tilas, sannan aka kafa Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah. <ref name="IBE2">{{Cite web |last=Ghana Education Service (GES) |date=2004 |title=The development of Education, National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731203731/https://www.ibe.unesco.org/National_Reports/ICE_2004/ghana.pdf |archive-date=31 July 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=2}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel, G. F. |date=1997–1998 |title=The universities in Ghana |url=http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~univghana/ghanahed.htm |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=The Commonwealth Universities Year Book}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, da rajista  kusan ninki biyu a shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="CEPA">{{Cite web |last=Abena D. Oduro |date=2000 |title=Basic Education in Ghana in the post-reform period |url=http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |publisher=Center for Policy Analysis (CEPA) |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033605/http://cepa.org.gh/researchpapers/BASIC%20EDUCATION%20IN%20GHANA%20IN%20THE%20POST1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan faɗaɗa kwatsam ya kasance, duk da haka, yana da wuyar iyawa; Nan da nan Ghana ta gaza samun horarwar malamai <ref>{{Cite web |date=1969 |title=International Year Book of Education |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001329/132959eo.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=79}}</ref> kuma an yi tambaya game da ingancin manhajar (musamman a Turanci da Lissafi). <ref name="CEPA" /> Faduwar Nkrumah a shekarar 1966 ya biyo bayan sukar da aka yi kan fadada ilimi kan tsadar inganci. <ref name="kwame" /> Duk da saurin haɓaka kayan aikin makaranta, rajista a hankali ya ragu har zuwa 1973. <ref name="CEPA" /> Shekarar 1974 ta ga yunkurin kawo sauyi. Bayan rahoton kwamitin Dozbo, sun </link> ya bi manufofi guda biyu: rage tsawon lokacin karatun gaba da sakandare (wanda ya haifar da samar da tsarin firamare / yara / manyan makarantu) <ref name="cambridge">{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |pages=9–14 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma gyara shirye-shirye don inganta darussa masu amfani a makaranta. <ref name="qualityed"/> <ref name="CEPA" /> An aiwatar da waɗannan gyare-gyare ne kawai saboda ƙarancin kuɗi da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa. <ref name="qualityed" /> <ref name="CEPA" /> <ref name="cambridge" /> Yanayin tattalin arzikin kasar ya kara tabarbarewa a farkon shekarun 1980. <ref name="kwame" /> <ref name="cambridge" /> Yayin da kasar ke fama da koma bayan tattalin arziki, kasar ta gaza wajen magance matsalar karancin malamai, kula da kayayyakin more rayuwa a makarantu, da kuma shawo kan iyaye su tura ‘ya’yansu makaranta maimakon ma’aikata. <ref name="CEPA" /> <ref name="CCE">{{Cite web |last=John Macbeath |date=October 2010 |title=Living with the colonial legacy: The Ghana story |url=http://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/cce/publications/CCE_Report_No3-Ghana_LivingTheColonialLegacy.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=Center for Common Wealth Education |page=2}}</ref> Babban Ratio na Rijista (GER) ya ragu sosai a cikin martani, ya faɗi ƙasa da 70% a cikin 1985. <ref name="CEPA" /> Shekarar 1987 ta nuna farkon sabon jerin gyare-gyare: juyin mulkin soja na [[Jerry Rawlings]] a 1981 ya biyo bayan wani lokaci na kwanciyar hankali na siyasa kuma ya buɗe hanyar samun goyon bayan kasa da kasa.<ref name="kwame"/> Gwamnatin Rawlings ta tara isasshen kuɗi daga ƙasashe da yawa da kungiyoyin duniya (ciki har da [[Bankin Duniya]]) don samar da manyan canje-canje ga tsarin ilimi.<ref name="cambridge"/> Dokar Ilimi ta 1987 da nufin juya matakan kwamitin Dozbo na 1974 zuwa gaskiya: an kaddamar da kamfen ɗin karatu da rubutu na ƙasa, <ref name="cambridge" /> rage ilimin sakandare daga shekaru 17 zuwa 12 kuma ilimin sana'a ya bayyana a makarantun sakandare.<ref name="CCE"/> Ilimi ya zama tilas daga shekaru 6 zuwa 14. Gyaran ya yi nasara wajen sanya sabon tsarin ilimi, da kuma kara yawan shiga da yawan makarantu.<ref name="cambridge2">{{Cite web |last=Nii Moi Thompson |last2=Leslie Casely-Hayford |title=The financing and outcomes of Education in Ghana |url=http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=University of Cambridge |page=26 |archive-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728160520/http://ceid.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/WP16.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka alkawarin samun dama ga ilimi na asali na duniya bai cika ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua J.K. Baku, ERNWACA |date=2003 |title=Critical Perspectives on Education and skills in eastern Africa on basic and post-basic Levels |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=NORRAG}}</ref> An kuma dauki shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin gazawar.<ref name="cambridge2" /> Komawa ga mulkin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1992, har yanzu a karkashin gwamnatin Rawlings, ya ba da sabon motsi ta hanyar dawo da aikin jihar don samar da ilimi na asali kyauta da tilas ga kowa.<ref name="IBE">{{Cite web |date=September 2010 |title=World Data on Education |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314095728/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Ghana.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=13 June 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-IBE |page=3}}</ref> Dokar karamar hukuma ta 1993 ta fara rarraba a cikin gudanar da ilimi, ta hanyar canja wurin iko ga majalisun gundumar.<ref name="IBE" /> The Free, tilas da Universal Basic Education (FCUBE) sun samar da shirin aiki na tsawon 1996-2005, suna mai da hankali kan kawar da bambancin jinsi a makarantun firamare, inganta kayan koyarwa, da inganta yanayin rayuwar malamai.<ref name="cambridge" /> Daga baya aka kammala shi ta hanyar ayyuka kamar kirkirar Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha a cikin 2006 (don inganta ilimin sana'a), da kuma kafa kwamitin amincewa na kasa a cikin 2007, gabatar da amincewar kasa ga dukkan cibiyoyin matakin sakandare.<ref name="IBE" /> A cikin 2007-08, an kara shekaru biyu a makarantar sakandare zuwa FCUBE (wanda yanzu yana daga shekaru 4 zuwa 14). <ref name="IBE" /> == Kididdiga == Kudin da Ghana ke kashewa a kan ilimi ya kasance kusan kashi 25% <ref name="World Bank"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="617">[https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GB.ZS?locations=GH=GHdisplay=graph "Public spending on education, total (% of government expenditure)"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="618">''worldbank.org''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="619">[[World Bank]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="621"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2023</span>.</span></cite></ref> na kasafin kudin shekara-shekara a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Tsarin ilimin Ghana daga makarantar sakandare zuwa matakin digiri yana ɗaukar shekaru 20.<ref name="Education in Ghana">[http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/education/ "Education in Ghana"] ghanaweb.com</ref><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:552px;max-width:552px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:University_of_Education,_Winneba_(UEW)_North_Campus.jpg|alt=|272x272px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Bayyanar gaba na [[University of Education, Winneba|Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba]] (UEW) Arewa Campus a Winneba.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:274px;max-width:274px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:College_of_Engineering,_KNUST_Auditorium.JPG|alt=|272x272px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Daliban Jami'ar Ghana a [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] (KNUST) a Kumasi, Fabrairu 2011.</div></div></div></div></div>Ghana ta zira kwallaye 1 a kan [[UNESCO]] Gender Parity Index (GPI) don matakan makarantar firamare da sakandare a shekarar 2013. <ref name="news.myjoyonline.com">{{Cite web |title=Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ENR.PRSC.FM.ZS |access-date=21 July 2013 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Adadin manya (15 da tsofaffi) a Ghana ya kai 79.04% a cikin 2018, tare da maza a 83.53% da mata a 74.47% .<ref name="Field listing: Literacy">{{Cite web |date=October 2020 |title=Literacy rate Ghana |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=GH |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Canjin hanzari na Ghana daga tattalin arziki na al'ada zuwa tattalin arziki na yau da kullun ya sanya ilimi muhimmiyar manufa ta siyasa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Lord |first=Jack |year=2011 |title=Child Labor in the Gold Coast: The Economics of Work, Education, and the Family in Late-Colonial African Childhoods, c. 1940–57 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/11595/1/Jack_Lord,_Child_Labor_in_the_Gold_Coast.pdf |journal=The Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth |volume=4 |pages=88–115 |doi=10.1353/hcy.2011.0005 |s2cid=143683964}}</ref> Girman aikin, da kuma matsalolin tattalin arziki da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, sun rage yunkurin sake fasalin. Dokar Ilimi ta 1987, wanda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1992, ya biyo baya, ya ba da sabon ci gaba ga manufofin ilimi a kasar. A cikin shekara ta 2011, yawan shiga makarantar firamare ya kai 84%, wanda [[UNICEF]] ta bayyana a matsayin "da nisa" na matsakaicin [[Yankin Saharar Afirka|yankin Sahara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Making tertiary education free: a priority of all university students |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/Making-tertiary-education-free-a-priority-of-all-university-students-646753 |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin rahoton 2013-14, Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya ya sanya Ghana a matsayi na 46 daga cikin kasashe 148 don ingancin tsarin ilimi. A shekara ta 2010, yawan mutanen da suka iya karatu da rubutu a Ghana ya kai 71.5%, tare da sanannen rata tsakanin maza (78.3%) da mata (65.3%). <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Charity that Empowers Children to dream |url=https://eddiesteddies.org/our-projects |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=Eddies Teddies |language=en-US}}</ref> Jaridar Guardian ta bayyana a watan Afrilun 2015 cewa kashi 90% na yara a Ghana sun shiga makaranta, gaba da kasashe kamar [[Pakistan]] da [[Najeriya]] a kashi 72% da 64% bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |url=https://fireprojectghana.com/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=F.I.R.E – Project Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Yawan karatun maza da mata masu shekaru 15-24 a Ghana ya kai 81% a cikin 2010, tare da maza a 82%, da mata a 80% . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.MA.ZS/countries |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15–24) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.1524.LT.FE.ZS |access-date=29 July 2013 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2008, rajista ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a duk matakan ilimi (firamare, firamare, sakandare, da sakandare).{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Tare da kashi 84% na 'ya'yanta a makarantar firamare, Ghana tana da rajistar makaranta "da nisa" daga maƙwabtanta na kudu da Sahara.<ref name="UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality">{{Cite web |title=UNICEF – Basic Education and Gender Equality |url=http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803061043/http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/wcaro_GHA_MTSP2.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2012 |access-date=1 April 2012 |website=unicef.org |publisher=[[UNICEF|United Nations Children's Fund]] (UNICEF)}}</ref> Adadin cibiyoyin ilimi ya karu a wannan lokacin.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ilimi na sana'a (a cikin cibiyoyin [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]], ba tare da haɗa shirye-shiryen sana'a da fasaha na SHS ba) shine kawai banda, tare da raguwar rajista na 1.3% da ɓacewar fiye da cibiyoyi 50 tsakanin shekarun 2011/12 da 2012/2013.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Wannan faduwar za ta kasance sakamakon ƙarancin ilimi na sana'a da rashin buƙata daga masana'antu.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Shiga da GER a cikin pre-tertiary (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} ! !{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}} !{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}} !{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}} !{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}} !{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutes}} |- !Shigarwa |1,604,505 |4,105,913 |1,452,585 |842,587 |61,496 |- |GER a cikin % |113.8 |105.0 |82.2 |36.8 |2.7 |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Yawan tsarin da ke cikin ilimin sakandare (2012/2013) {{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} ! !{{Abbr|KG|Kindergarten}} !{{Abbr|Prim|Primary School}} !{{Abbr|JHS|Junior High School}} !{{Abbr|SHS|Senior High School}} !{{Abbr|TVET|Technical and vocational Education and Training institutions}} |- !Jama'a |13,305 |14,112 |8,818 |535 |107 |- !Masu zaman kansu |5,972 |5,742 |3,618 |293 |74 |- !Jimillar |19,277 |19,854 |12,436 |828 |181 |} Ma'aikatar Ilimi kididdigar ta nuna dalibai 261,962 a lokacin karatun 2011/2012: 202,063 a bangaren gwamnati da 59,899 a bangaren masu zaman kansu, suna halartar cibiyoyi 142.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}}{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} == Tsarin ilimi na yau da kullun == === Bayani na gaba ɗaya === [[Fayil:Ghana_Education_Structure.gif|right|thumb|550x550px|{{Center|Education structure of Ghana}}]] Tsarin ilimin Ghana ya kasu kashi uku: ilimi na asali, ilimin sakandare, da ilimin sakandare. Shekarar ilimi yawanci tana tafiya daga Agusta zuwa Mayu hadawa kuma tana da makonni 40 a makarantar firamare da babbar makarantar sakandare, da makonni 45 a makarantar sakandare. Ana koyar da darussan da farko a Turanci. === Ilimi na asali === {{Blockquote|HE in Ghana is disproportionately ‘consumed’ by the richest 20% of the population. Male students from the highest income quintile (Q5) are more than seven times more likely to enter and successfully complete HE than those from the poorest quintile (Q1). The situation is even more precarious for the female category where students come from only the richest 40% of the population.|World Bank 2011|[http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/06/27/000442464_20130627122630/Rendered/PDF/597550Revised00elivery0March0902011.pdf" Education in Ghana: Improving equity, efficiency, and accountability of Education service delivery]}} Ilimi na asali yana da shekaru 12 (shekaru 4-15). <ref name="GEScurr">{{Cite web |title=Basic Education curriculum |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525195225/http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum-1 |archive-date=25 May 2014 |access-date=25 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service (GES)}}</ref> Shirin yana da kyauta kuma ya tilas kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi ƙarancin lokacin makaranta da ake buƙata don tabbatar da cewa yara suna samun ilimin karatu da rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewar warware matsaloli da ƙwarewa don kerawa da rayuwa mai kyau".<ref name="GEScurr" /> An raba shi zuwa makarantar sakandare, makarantar firamare da makarantar sakandare (JHS), wanda ya ƙare a Jarabawar Takardar shaidar Ilimi ta asali (BECE). <ref name="BECE">{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council(corporate site: Ghana) |title=BECE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519130523/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/BECE.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Makarantar jariri tana da shekaru biyu (shekaru 4-6). <ref name="GEScurr"/> Shirin ya kasu kashi shida: <ref name="GEScurr" /> Harshe da Karatu (Ci gaban Harshe), Ayyuka masu kirkiro (Drawing da Rubuce-rubuce), Lissafi (Aiki na Lamba), Nazarin Muhalli, Motsi da Wasan kwaikwayo (Music da Dance), da Ci gaban Jiki (Ilimi na Jiki). Makarantar firamare tana da shekaru shida (shekaru 6-11). <ref name="GEScurr"/> Darussan da aka koyar a matakin firamare ko na asali sun haɗa da Turanci, yarukan Ghana da al'adun Ghana, ICT, lissafi, nazarin muhalli, nazarin zamantakewa, Mandarin da Faransanci (kamar yadda Ghana memba ce ta OIF), haɗin kai ko kimiyya gaba ɗaya, ƙwarewar sana'a da ƙwarewar fasaha, ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a, da ayyukan jiki kamar kiɗa da rawa na Ghana, da ilimin jiki. Babu takardar shaidar kammala a ƙarshen makarantar firamare.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Makarantar sakandare ta Junior tana da shekaru uku (shekaru 12-15). <ref name="GEScurr2">{{Cite web |title=Basic curriculum Education: The Junior High Education |url=http://www.ges.gov.gh/?q=content/basic-education-curriculum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605133413/http://ges.gov.gh/?q=content%2Fbasic-education-curriculum |archive-date=5 June 2014 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Ghana Education Service}}</ref> JHS ta ƙare tare da BECE, wanda ya rufe harshen Ingilishi, harshen Ghana da al'adu, nazarin zamantakewa, hadadden kimiyya, lissafi, ƙira da fasaha, ICT, Faransanci (zaɓin rai), da Ilimi na addini da ɗabi'a.<ref name="BECE"/> === Ilimi na sakandare === <div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:413px;max-width:413px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:217px;max-width:217px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:Pope_John_Senior_High_School_and_Minor_Seminary_students_receive_their_WASSCE_upon_Graduation.jpg|alt=|215x215px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Paparoma John Senior High School da Minor Seminary dalibai karbar [[WASSCE]] bayan kammala karatunsu kafin shiga [[University education|jami'a]]</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage">[[File:Accra_Aca_81st_Anniversary_Science_Exhibition.JPG|alt=|190x190px]]</div><div class="thumbcaption">Daliban [[Accra Academy|Kwalejin Accra]] suna yin gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya</div></div></div></div></div> Daliban da suka wuce BECE na iya ci gaba zuwa ilimin sakandare, suna karatun ko dai shirye-shiryen ilimi ko sana'a. Don ilimin ilimi, ɗalibai suna shiga makarantar sakandare (SHS). Shirin SHS ya ƙunshi manyan batutuwa, waɗanda aka kammala ta hanyar batutuwa (waɗanda ɗalibai suka zaɓa). Babban batutuwa sune harshen Ingilishi, lissafi, hadadden kimiyya (ciki har da kimiyya, ICT da nazarin muhalli) da nazarin zamantakewa (tattalin arziki, yanayin ƙasa, tarihi da gwamnati). <ref name="A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System |url=http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809071841/http://www.tobeworldwide.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=4 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |website=TobeWorldwide.org}}</ref> Dalibai suna zaɓar batutuwa uku ko huɗu daga shirye-shiryen da ake da su: noma, zane-zane ko kimiyya, kasuwanci, sana'a da shirye-shirye na fasaha.<ref name="A Brief History of the Ghanaian Educational System" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=West African Examinations Council (WAEC) |date=2012 |title=WASSCE – subjects for examination |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502002700/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/WASSCE.aspx |archive-date=2 May 2017 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> Wannan tsarin karatun yana da shekaru uku, sakamakon sauye-sauye da yawa: an tsawaita shi zuwa shekaru huɗu a 2007 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Modern Ghana |title=The 2007 education Reform and its challenges |url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/475340/1/the-2007-educational-reform-and-its-callenges.html |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> sannan ya koma shekaru uku a 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghanaweb |date=2 September 2009 |title=3-year SHS programme starts next year |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=167932 |access-date=28 May 2014}}</ref> Tsawon SHS har yanzu tambaya ce mai jayayya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TV3 Network |title=Bring back the 4 year SHS system |url=http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519004229/http://tv3network.com/Education/bring-back-4-year-shs-system-catholic-bishops.html |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana Web |date=5 June 2013 |title=The fate of Ghana's Education system |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=275876 |access-date=18 May 2014}}</ref> SHS ta ƙare a jarrabawar ƙarshe da ake kira jarrabawar takardar shaidar makarantar sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (WASSCE), wanda ake kira takardar shaidarsa ta makarantar sakandare (SSSC) kafin shekara ta 2007.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Ana kafa matsayi na SHS a kowace shekara ta sashen Statistics, Research, Information, Management and Public Relations (SRIMPR) na Ma'aikatar Ilimi, bisa ga sakamakon WASSCE.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Expose Ghana |date=March 2014 |title=2013 WASSCE SHS Rankings- Full List |url=http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |access-date=18 May 2014 |archive-date=19 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519002805/http://exposeghana.com/2014/03/2013-wassce-shs-rankings-full-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyuka da ilimin fasaha (wanda ake kira "TVET") suna ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban. Dalibai da ke son neman ilimin sana'a suna da zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu: shiga SHS da ɗaukar shirye-shiryen sana'a a matsayin zaɓuɓɓugar, ko shiga cibiyar fasaha da sana'a (TVI). <ref name="UNEVOC"/> Daliban SHS suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru uku na SHS. Za su iya - biyo bayan isasshen sakamakon WASSCE - shiga jami'a ko shirin polytechnic.<ref name="UNEVOC" /><ref name="COTVET">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET)}}</ref> Daliban TVI yawanci suna bin tsarin karatun shekaru huɗu, an raba su cikin zagaye biyu na shekaru biyu, wanda ke haifar da kyaututtuka daga City & Guilds, Royal Society of Arts ko Majalisar jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka.<ref name="COTVET" /> Za su iya bin shirin polytechnic.<ref name="UNEVOC" /> Yanayin ilimin sana'a a Ghana ya kasance ba a sani ba: 90% na ilimin sana'o'i har yanzu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, yana ɗaukar nau'in koyo.<ref name="COTVET"/> Bayar da shirye-shiryen sana'a na yau da kullun a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu yana da wuyar bayyanawa kuma Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fahimci rashin iya samar da shirye-'adun sana'a ta jama'a.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatu da yawa suna da nasu shirye-shirye.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Akwai makarantu da yawa na kasa da kasa a Ghana, gami da Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Takoradi, Makarantar Kasa ta Galaxy, Makarantar Roman Ridge, Makarantar Duniya ta Ghana, Makarantar Al'umma ta Lincoln, Makarantar Faith Montessori, Makarantar Kasashen Duniya ta Amurka, Makarantar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar, Makarantar Sabuwar Ƙasa, Kwalejin Duniya ta SOS Hermann Gmeiner da Makarantar Al-umma ta Duniya. Wadannan suna ba da Baccalaureat na Duniya, Babban Takardar shaidar Ilimi na Ci gaba da Babban Takardar Shaidar Ilimi ta Sakandare ta Duniya (IGCSE). === Ilimi na sakandare === Ilimi na sakandare a Ghana ya kasance yana ƙaruwa sosai a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, duka dangane da rajista da cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Wani bangare mai mahimmanci na wannan ci gaba ya fito ne daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=The development of Education: National report of Ghana |url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820010306/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/ICE47/English/Natreps/reports/ghana.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2016 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=IBE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Private Colleges of Education |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=65&Itemid=193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140523154620/http://www.nab.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=65&Itemid=193 |archive-date=23 May 2014 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=National Accreditation Board (NAB)}}</ref> Jami'o'i (6 na jama'a da 49 masu zaman kansu) {{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} suna ba da ilimi na ilimi, daga bachelor zuwa PhD. Ana shigar da dalibai bisa ga aikin su a [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] - ana buƙatar matsakaicin maki 24 don yin amfani da shirin digiri na farko (duba "Tsarin Girma" a ƙasa). Ana kammala digiri na farko bayan shekaru hudu na karatun digiri a wani takamaiman filin.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Digiri na Jagora suna da nau'o'i biyu: shirin shekara guda da aka kammala tare da takarda ta ƙarshe bisa ga nazarin wallafe-wallafen, ko shirin shekaru biyu, wanda aka kammala tare le takarda ta karshe bisa ga shekara guda na bincike mai zaman kansa.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Dukansu zasu iya haifar da PhD, yawanci ana samun su a cikin shekaru uku a cikin shirin digiri.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Akwai polytechnics goma a Ghana, wanda ke ba da darussan sana'a na shekaru uku wanda ke haifar da Digiri mafi girma na kasa (HND).{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Dalibai za su iya bin shirin na musamman na watanni 18 don samun digiri na farko na Fasaha.<ref name="UNEVOC"/> Ghana kuma tana da "kollejojin ilimi" da yawa, na jama'a ko masu zaman kansu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Yawanci suna da ƙwarewa a fagen ɗaya - kwalejojin noma, kwalejojin horar da malamai, kwalejoji na horar da malaman, da dai sauransu.{{Sfn|Atuahene, Ansah|2013}} Sabbin masu digiri na sakandare dole ne su yi aiki shekara guda a cikin Ma'aikatar Kasa. Masu halarta na iya aiki a daya daga cikin bangarori bakwai masu zuwa: noma, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, karamar hukuma, ci gaban karkara, soja ko shirye-shiryen matasa <ref name="ICICP">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Country profile: Ghana |url=http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102702/http://dev.icicp.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Ghana-Country-Profile-.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=International Association for National Youth Service}}</ref><ref name="NSS">{{Cite web |title=Mandate of the NSS |url=http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=103 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140806212250/http://196.201.43.251/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=78&Itemid=103 |archive-date=6 August 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=National Service Scheme (NSS)}}</ref> A lokacin annobar coronavirus, jami'o'i da yawa a Ghana sun ɗauki Fasahar Ilimi don ba da damar ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane da ilmantarwa mai nisa. Duk da yake ICTs sun kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimi a Ghana, binciken da aka yi a 2022 ya nuna kalubalen ilmantarwa mai kama da COVID a cikin shirye-shiryen digiri a jami'o'in jama'a na Ghana.Kalubale sun haɗa da rashin sadaukarwa daga malamai da ɗalibai game da ilmantarwa ta kama-da-wane, ilimin da ba cikakke ba game da dandamali na ilmantarwa da aka yi amfani da su, da kuma rashin sadarwa tsakanin jami'o'i da ɗaliban game da dandalin ilmantarwa. '''Shigarwa cikin ilimi mai zurfi''' Don shiga kwalejojin ilimi, ana buƙatar masu neman su biya kuɗin , don samun Lambar tantancewa ta mutum (PIN) da lambar shigarwa don amfani da su don samun dama da cika fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=April 13, 2020 – St Francis College of Education |url=http://www.franco.edu.gh/2020/04/13/ |access-date=24 May 2020 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Masu nema za su zaɓi kwalejoji uku da suka zaɓa don shirin su bisa ga fifiko, akan fom ɗin aikace-aikacen kan layi. Idan ba su sami shigarwa cikin zaɓi na farko ba, za a iya la'akari da zaɓi na biyu da na uku.<ref name="AGH-20200325">{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=17 March 2020 |title=Official Admission Forms For All Colleges Of Education In Ghana And How To Apply 2020 / 2021 |url=https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021 |access-date=25 March 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=25 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325130615/https://avenuegh.com/official-admission-forms-for-all-colleges-of-education-in-ghana-and-how-to-apply-2020-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Tsarin darajar === Tsarin ƙididdigar Ghana ya bambanta a kowane lokaci a ilimi. Ta hanyar makarantar sakandare zuwa ƙaramar makarantar sakandare, kowane aji da ɗalibin ya samu an rubuta shi dangane da lambobi. Ba kamar tsarin grading na haruffa ba, babu tsarin pluses da minuses (watau babu 1+ ko 6- maki). <ref name="Glavin">{{Cite web |last=Glavin |first=Chris |date=6 February 2017 |title=Structure of Formal Education {{!}} K12 Academics |url=https://www.k12academics.com/Education%20Worldwide/Education%20in%20Ghana/structure-formal-education |access-date=24 May 2020 |website=www.k12academics.com |language=en}}</ref> '''Babban makarantar sakandare''' Har zuwa shekara ta 2007, babbar makarantar sakandare ta ƙare tare da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Sakandare (SSSC).{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin sa ya tafi daga A zuwa E.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} A cikin 2007, [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|WASSCE]] ta maye gurbin SSSC.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Tsarin kimantawa na WASSCE yana ƙara lambobi ga haruffa, yana ba da sikelin kimantawa mafi girma. A cikin tsarin biyu, kowane matsayi yana nufin wasu maki. Don shiga shirin digiri na farko, galibi ana tambayar masu neman kada su wuce maki 24 a WASSCE.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} {| class="wikitable" |+Tsarin karatun sakandare na makarantar sakandare {{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} !Matsayi na SSSCE (kafin 2007), [a cikin maki] !Matsayi na WASSCE (tun daga 2007), [a cikin maki] !Bayyanawa |- |A [1] |A1 [1] |Mai Kyau |- |B [2] |B2 [2] |Yana da kyau sosai |- |C [3] |B3 [3] |Daɗi |- |D [4] |C4 [4] |Kyauta |- | |C5 [5] |Kyauta |- | |C6 [6] |Kyauta |- |E |D7 |wucewa |- | |E8 |wucewa |- |F |F9 |Rashin Nasara |- |} '''Ilimi na sakandare''' Tsarin grading ya bambanta tsakanin cibiyoyi.{{Sfn|NUFFIC|2013}} Kusan dukkanin cibiyoyin sakandare sun dogara ne akan Matsakaicin Matsakaicin (GPA) a matsayin hanyar tantance ko dalibi yana kasawa ko wucewa, amma kowane makaranta yana da nasu hanyar lissafin GPA, saboda tsarin su na mutum. Misali, alamar 80 na iya zama A a makaranta daya amma A + a wata makaranta. == Ilimi mai zaman kansa da haɗin gwiwar masu zaman kansu a Ghana == Gwamnatin Ghana ba za ta iya ɗaukar kuɗin ilimi ba, don haka akwai cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu da yawa don taimakawa wajen samar da ilimi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Nsiah-Peprah |first=Y. |date=1 January 2004 |title=Assessment of the role of private schools in the development of education in Ghana. A study of the Kumasi Metropolis |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/just/article/view/32917 |journal=Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=54–75 |issn=0855-0395}}</ref> Gwamnatin Ghana ba ta iya samar da ƙarin ayyukan ilimi ba <ref name=":02" /> don haka ilimi ya zama ƙoƙari na gwamnati da cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu, don biyan rashin ingancin kudi a gefen gwamnati da kuma sa ilimi ya sami damar kowa.<ref>Adoma, K., & S. Yeboah (2014). </ref> Akwai kira ga haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu a ilimi a mafi yawan ƙasashe masu tasowa saboda karuwar shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu cikin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akyeampong |first=Kwame |date=2009 |title=Public–private partnership in the provision of basic education in Ghana: challenges and choices |journal=Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.1080/03057920902750368 |s2cid=144531369 |via=Taylor & Francis Online}}</ref> Tsarin wannan hadin gwiwa ta bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu don magance matsalar samar da ilimi a matakin asali ko na farko kamar haka''':''' <ref name=":02"/> {| class="wikitable" !Hukumar !Matsayi |- |'''Sashen jama'a''' | |- |Gwamnatin Tsakiya |Mai alhakin biyan malamai da ke koyarwa a makarantun gwamnati Yana da alhakin samar da litattafan kyauta ga ɗalibai a makarantun gwamnati, daga firamare 1 zuwa 6 Mai alhakin samar da kayayyaki, kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don makarantun jama'a na asali |- |Taron Gundumar | title="<nowiki&gt;Kindergarten</nowiki&gt;" |Bayar da kayan aikin ilimi |- |- |'''Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu''' | |- |Iyaye |Mai alhakin biyan kuɗin masu amfani da littafi ga yara a matakin makarantar sakandare Mai kula da kayan gida, abinci, da sufuri zuwa da kuma daga makaranta |- |Al'ummomi |Kula da aji da samarwa |- |Coci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu |Bayar da gine-ginen makaranta da tsari, kayan aiki |- |- |Cibiyoyin Masu zaman kansu / Mutane |Kafa da gudanar da makarantu masu zaman kansu da masu kafa ke gudanarwa kawai, ba tare da taimakon kudi ko ababen more rayuwa daga gwamnati ba |- |Ƙungiyoyin Duniya |Bayar da taimakon kudi da fasaha don ilimi na asali a Ghana |} Kasancewar masu zaman kansu a cikin ilimi ya shafi ilimi a Ghana; <ref>{{Cite journal |date=April 2014 |title=The role and impact of private schools in developing countries – Bibliography and literature reviews |url=https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |publisher=Institute of Education, University of London |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2018-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414092205/https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/10146.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> makarantun firamare da ƙananan makarantun sakandare masu zaman kansu sun fi makarantun gwamnati. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Private schools for the poor |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/05/30/private-schools-for-the-poor/ |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> 74.7% na makarantun firamare da ƙananan sakandare 779 an gano su a matsayin makarantun masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙididdigar da aka gudanar a gundumar Ga, yayin da sauran 25.3% an gano su ne a matsayin gwamnati ko makarantun gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tooley |first=James |last2=Dixon |first2=Pauline |last3=Amuah |first3=Isaac |date=1 July 2007 |title=Private and Public Schooling in Ghana: A Census and Comparative Survey |journal=International Review of Education |language=en |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=389–415 |bibcode=2007IREdu..53..389T |doi=10.1007/s11159-007-9042-3 |issn=0020-8566 |s2cid=144312107}}</ref> A cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yawan dalibai a kasashe masu tasowa da ke halartar makarantun masu zaman kansu ya karu daga 11% zuwa 22% .<ref>Abdul-Hamid, Husein; Baum, Donald Rey; De Brular, Laura Lewis; Lusk-Stover, Oni; Tettey, Leslie Ofosu. </ref> == Gudanarwa == === Gudanarwa === Ilimi a Ghana yana ƙarƙashin alhakin Ma'aikatar Ilimi. Hukumomin da yawa suna aiwatar da manufofi; Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana (GES) tana da alhakin daidaita manufofin ilimi na kasa a kan ilimin sakandare.<ref name="IBE"/> Yana raba wannan aikin tare da hukumomi masu cin gashin kansu guda uku: Hukumar Kula da Makarantu ta Kasa (NaSIA, tsohon NIB), Majalisar Koyarwa ta Kasa (NTC) da Majalisar Kasa don Tsarin Mulki da Bincike (NCCA). <ref name="GEDP">{{Cite web |date=February 2012 |title=Ghana Education Decentralization Project (GEDP): Operational Framework for National Teaching Council (NTC) |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=Ministry of Education |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808132641/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnadz599.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana gudanar da jarrabawar ƙarshe na ilimin sakandare ta Yammacin Afirka (Ofishin Kasa, Ghana) wanda ya haɗa da BECE da WASCCE, da kuma jarrabawar ƙwararru na ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the WASSCE |url=http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519131046/http://www.ghanawaec.org/EXAMS/Others.aspx |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=20 July 2014 |publisher=WASSCE}}</ref> Majalisar don Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa an sadaukar da ita ga gudanar da TVET.<ref name="UNEVOC">{{Cite web |date=July 2012 |title=Vocational Education in Ghana |url=http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=GHA |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UNEVOC}}</ref> Tarin da nazarin bayanan ilimi ana sarrafa su ta hanyar Tsarin Bayanai na Gudanar da Ilimi (EMIS). <ref name="IBE" /> Ana aiwatar da manufofi tare da hadin gwiwar ofisoshin gida. An raba Ghana zuwa yankuna 16 da ofisoshin gundumar 230. <ref name="IBE"/> Shirin Rarraba Ilimi na Ghana (GEDP), wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2010 kuma ya ƙare a cikin 2012, ya kara tasirin hukumomin gida kan gudanarwa, kudi, da batutuwan aiki idan ya zo ga al'amuran ilimi.<ref name="GEDP"/> === Kudin gudanarwa === Jihar Ghana ta sadaukar da kashi 23% na kudaden da ta kashe don ilimi a shekara ta 2010. Fiye da 90% na wannan kasafin kudin Ma'aikatar Ilimi da hukumomin ta ne ke kashewa, tare da ilimin firamare (31% na kashewa) da kuma ilimin sakandare (21.6%) da ke karɓar mafi yawa. Kudin da aka kashe ana tallafawa ne daga masu ba da gudummawa. Daga cikinsu akwai Bankin Duniya, Amurka (ta hanyar USAID), Ingila (ta hanyar DfID) da Tarayyar Turai. Kasancewarsu yawanci ana mayar da hankali ne ga aikin kuma ana ba da ita a wasu yanayi, yana ba su wani tasiri. Wannan tasirin na iya haifar da muhawara idan ya zo ga maɓalli-reforms: don aikin FCUBE, Bankin Duniya ya ɗora cajin littafi a makarantun firamare da rage farashin ciyarwa da shiga a makarantun sakandare. Da yake fuskantar zargi, Bankin ya nace kan "mai karfi na cikin gida" na sake fasalin da kuma bukatar tabbatar da "farfadowar farashin". Tsakanin shekara ta 2005 zuwa 2012, gudummawar masu ba da gudummawa ga kasafin kudin ilimi ya fadi daga 8.5% zuwa 2.5% na jimlar kashewa. === Horar da malamai === Kwalejin Ilimi (CoE) sune manyan cibiyoyin horar da malamai. A halin yanzu, akwai CoE na jama'a 46 a duk yankuna na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=CoE Network |url=https://www.t-tel.org/coes-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128141150/http://www.t-tel.org:80/coes-network |archive-date=28 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2021 |website=t-tel.org}}</ref> Suna ba da tsarin karatun shekaru uku wanda ke kaiwa ga difloma a Ilimi na asali (DBE). <ref name="Teacher">{{Cite journal |last=Kwame Bediako Asare |last2=Seth Kofi Nti |date=April 2014 |title=Teacher Education in Ghana: A contemporary synopsis and matters arising |journal=SAGE Open |publisher=SageOpen |volume=4 |issue=2 |doi=10.1177/2158244014529781 |s2cid=143032669 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An bayyana tsarin karatun a matsayin "daidai" kuma tare da "maida hankali ga ƙasa" koda kuwa CoE suna nan a kowane yanki na Ghana.<ref name="Teacher" /> Cibiyar Ilimi ta [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] ce ke gudanar da jarrabawar karshe da ke ba da DBE.<ref name="Teacher" /> Ana ba masu riƙe da DBE damar koyarwa a kowane matakin ilimi na asali (kindergarten, makarantar firamare, makarantar sakandare). <ref name="Teacher" /> Baya ga CoE, jami'o'i biyu (Cape Coast da [[Jami'ar Ilimi, Winneba|Winneba]]) suma suna horar da malamai. Takamaiman digiri na shekaru huɗu yana ba da damar koyarwa a kowane ilimi na farko (yawancin masu digiri suna zaɓar ilimin sakandare). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Research overview: Teacher preparation and continuing professional development in Africa (TPA) |url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/cie/projects/completed/tpa/ghana |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=University of Sussex}}</ref> Ana buƙatar takamaiman digiri na biyu don koyarwa a CoE.<ref name="Teacher"/> Har ila yau, jami'o'i suna ba da digiri na DBE tsarin karatun shekaru biyu wanda ke ba da damar koyarwa a makarantar sakandare.<ref name="Teacher" /> Ilimi na nesa kuma yana yiwuwa ta hanyar shirin shekaru huɗu wanda ke haifar da Diploma na Malami mara horo a Ilimi na asali (UTDBE). <ref name="Teacher"/> An gabatar da shi don kara yawan malamai na ilimi na asali a yankunan karkara. Malamai masu hidima na iya ci gaba da shirye-shiryen ilimi a makarantar, rukuni da matakan yanki.<ref name="Teacher" /> == Ayyukan jama'a da manufofi == === Ilimi na manya, ilimi mara kyau === Ayyukan jama'a game da jahilci sun fara sama da shekaru 50 da suka gabata a Ghana. An fara shi a cikin shekarun 1940 ta sarakunan Burtaniya, an ɗaga shi zuwa mafi girma bayan samun 'yancin Ghana a shekara ta 1957. Rikicin siyasa ya iyakance wannan aikin ga shirye-shiryen gajeren lokaci, har zuwa 1987 da kuma kirkirar Sashen Ilimi na Ƙasashen (NFED), wanda burinsa shine kawar da jahilci a shekara ta 2000. Bayan gwaji mai gamsarwa a yankuna biyu, an fadada aikin ƙwarewar karatu da rubutu (FLSP) zuwa duk ƙasar a cikin shekara ta 1992. A shekara ta 2000, Shirin Nazarin Ayyuka na Kasa (FNLP) ya karɓi shirin, wanda har yanzu yake aiki a yau. Wadannan shirye-shiryen suna mai da hankali kan jinsi da rashin daidaito na ƙasa. Mata da mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara sune manyan burinsu. A shekara ta 2004, akwai cibiyoyin karatu da rubutu 1238 , galibi a yankunan da ba na birni ba. Ayyukan da suka biyo baya sun haifar da ci gaban kididdiga.<ref name="NFE">{{Cite web |last=Francis Owusu-Mensah |date=2008 |title=Ghana non-formal Education |url=http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809063533/http://datatopics.worldbank.org/hnp/files/edstats/GHAgmrpro07.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1997, kashi 64% na mata da kashi 38% na maza ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba, tare da yawan karatun duniya na kashi 54%.<ref name="ODI">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=National Functional Literacy Programme (NFLP) |url=http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |access-date=23 July 2014 |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |archive-date=12 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112200649/http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/4070.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ilimin mata ya kai kashi 65% kuma yawan ilimin duniya ya karu zuwa kashi 71.5%.<ref name="Field listing: Literacy"/> Masana kimiyya, duk da haka, sun nuna rashin isasshen ci gaba na karatu da rubutu tsakanin mata da kuma wahalar waɗanda suka kammala karatu don ci gaba da sabbin ƙwarewarsu.<ref name="NFE" /> {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |+Juyin halitta na yawan karatu da rubutu a tsawon lokaci <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2013 |title=Adult and youth literacy: National, regional and global trends, 1985–2015 |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002174/217409e.pdf |access-date=25 September 2014 |publisher=UNESCO-UIS |page=51 (Table 6)}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" |Ilimi na manya (15+) ! colspan="3" |Ilimin matasa (15-24) |- |{{Abbr|Av|Average}} |{{Abbr|M|Male}} |{{Abbr|F|Female}} |{{Abbr|Av|Average}} |{{Abbr|M|Male}} |{{Abbr|F|Female}} |- |2000 |57.9 |66.4 |49.8 |70.7 |75.9 |65.4 |- |2010 |71.5 |78.3 |65.3 |85.7 |88.3 |83.2 |- |2015 (bayani) |76.3 |81.5 |71.0 |90.6 |91.3 |89.9 |} Sauran nau'ikan ilimin da ba na yau da kullun ba kuma NFED ke gudanar da su, kamar su "Kwarewar Rayuwa" (shirye-shiryen iyali, tsabta, rigakafin cutar kanjamau) da aka yi niyya ga matasa da matasan iyaye, horar da ƙwarewar sana'a ga manya marasa aikin yi da kuma tarurrukan wayar da kan jama'a (a kan haƙƙin jama'a da ayyuka) da aka tattauna ga manya marasa karatu. === Ci gaban ilimin fasaha da sana'a === Akwai bangaren ilimi na yau da kullun a Ghana, wanda yawanci ya kunshi cibiyoyin horar da sana'a da fasaha. Wadannan cibiyoyin ba na al'ada ba ne saboda ba sa faruwa a cikin aji; maimakon haka, yawanci suna ɗaukar nau'in koyo, ilmantarwa kai tsaye, aiki, da kulawa daga masu horarwa. Yawancin lokaci babu takardar shaidar hukuma ko sanarwa ko cancanta da aka ba masu horo. Ci gaban [[TVET (ilimi da horo na fasaha da sana'a)|TVET]] ana ɗaukarsa fifiko ne daga hukumomin tsakiya don magance talauci da rashin aikin yi.<ref name="COTVET2">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=From prejudice to prestige: Vocational education and training in Ghana |url=http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812225303/http://www.gesci.org/assets/files/COTVET%20report.pdf |archive-date=12 August 2012 |access-date=28 May 2014 |publisher=Council for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (COTVET) |pages=19–35}}</ref><ref name="OECD">{{Cite web |date=2008 |title=Ghana country profile |url=http://www.oecd.org/dev/emea/40577770.pdf |access-date=25 July 2014 |publisher=OECD |pages=341–342}}</ref> TVET a Ghana tana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa: ƙarancin ƙarewa (a cikin 2011, 1.6% na yawan jama'a sun sami digiri na TVET yayin da 11% na yawan jamaʼa suka bi shirin TVET), masu koyarwa marasa horo da rashin ababen more rayuwa. Masana'antu na Ghana suna sukar rashin ƙwarewar masu digiri na yau da kullun, da kuma rashin ƙwarewa na asali (karanta da rubutu) na masu koyo na yau da kullum. A cikin shekara ta 2008, OECD ta zargi rashin daidaituwa na tsarin cancanta da yawaita takaddun shaida na TVET marasa amfani. Majalisar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Fasaha da Kwarewa (COTVET) ta lura cewa ɗaliban TVET na al'ada da waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu suna gwagwarmaya don neman aiki, sannan kuma dole ne su magance matsalar samun kudin shiga ko ƙananan albashi. TVET, sabili da haka, yana fama da mummunar suna tsakanin ɗalibai, iyaye da ma'aikata. A shekara ta 2005, an aiwatar da tsarin karamin bashi don tallafawa matasa marasa aikin yi (shirin STEP). <ref name="OECD"/> A shekara ta 2006, an kirkiro COTVET kuma an ba shi aikin daidaita manufofin TVET a Ghana.<ref name="UNEVOC"/> Majalisar ta gabatar da Asusun Matasa na Kasa a cikin shekara ta 2006, kuma ta ba da shawarar tsarin cancantar TVET a cikin shekara.<ref name="COTVET2"/> Har ila yau, yana ƙoƙari ya tsara bangaren da ba na al'ada ba ta hanyar Shirin Koyon Kasa (NAP) da kuma ƙarfafa jagora da ba da shawara a matakin ilimi na asali. <ref name="UNEVOC" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2013 |title=Skills advocate: Quarterly COTVET newsletter |url=http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809024837/http://www.cotvet.org/new/downloads/Skills%20Advocate%20newsletter2013_Q.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 |access-date=9 September 2015 |publisher=COTVET}}</ref> Tasirin yana da wuyar tantancewa: <ref name="COTVET2"/> 90% na horo ba bisa ka'ida ba ne [1] kuma duka bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu suna da rarraba sosai. <ref name="OECD"/>{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} Ma'aikatar Ilimi kanta ta yarda da rashin iyawarta na samar da ra'ayi na kididdiga game da bangaren TVET a Ghana.{{Sfn|Ministry of Education|2013}} === Daidaitawa a samun damar zuwa makarantar sakandare === Tare da hauhawar shiga cikin makarantun sakandare, gasa don shiga cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma ta karu. A shekara ta 2001, Jami'ar Ghana ta yarda da kashi 96% na aikace-aikacen da ta karɓa, yayin da a shekara ta 2011 yawan karɓa ya faɗi zuwa 52%. Wannan karuwar zaɓe yana nuna rashin daidaito a Ghana game da ilimi, kamar yadda mata da 'yan karkara na Ghana ba su da wakilci a cikin ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki kuma wani abu ne na warewa, kamar yadda karatu a matakin mafi girma yana da tsada - jami'o'in jama'a yawanci ba su da kyauta, amma suna caji don wasu ayyuka ciki har da rajista, samun damar fasaha, gwaje-gwaje, amfani da wuraren ilimi, da sabis na kiwon lafiya. Wadannan cajin na iya haifar da halayen tantance kai kamar wasu dalibai da ke zabar Kwalejin Horar da Malamai (inda dalibai za su iya karɓar tallafi) maimakon yin rajista a jami'o'i. An kirkiro manufofi don ƙoƙarin iyakance waɗannan rashin daidaito. Wasu jami'o'i sun saukar da mafi ƙarancin shigarsu ko ƙirƙirar tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai daga "ƙananan makarantun sakandare". An kirkiro "Yankin Ilimi na Mata" a cikin Hukumar Ilimi ta Ghana don rage bambancin jinsi. Rukunin yana ƙoƙari ya magance matsalar a tushen sa, yana mai da hankali kan ilimin asali don kauce wa manyan 'yan mata da suka bar makaranta daga JHS zuwa SHS. An sami ci gaba; tsakanin 1999 da 2005, yawan 'yan mata a makarantar sakandare ya karu daga 25% zuwa 32%. Koyaya, har yanzu ba a wakilci mata sosai ba, saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da yanayin makarantu masu ƙiyayya, fifiko da aka ba wa 'ya'ya maza a cikin iyalai matalauta, ci gaba da matsayin jinsi ("mace tana cikin gida"), auren da aka shirya da wuri, ciki na matasa, da sauransu. Daliban Ghana na ilimi mafi girma galibi maza ne da masu arziki: A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na 2020, Sakatariyar Bincike ta Ghana ta kaddamar da aikace-aikacen tallafin karatu na kan layi da tsarin gudanarwa don taimakawa wajen kawar da rashin jin daɗi da masu neman tallafin karatu ke fuskanta wajen neman tallafin gwamnati a ilimi. An kuma tsara wannan tsarin don taimakawa Sakatariyar yadda ya kamata kuma ta hanyar samar da tallafin karatu ga masu neman. Masu nema za su iya neman tallafin karatu kuma suyi gwajin iyawa a kan layi kuma a yi musu tambayoyi a gundumominsu ba tare da tafiya zuwa [[Accra]] ba, kamar yadda aka buƙaci a baya.<ref name="AGH-20200502">{{Cite web |last=Tetteh |first=Cherko |date=16 April 2020 |title=Apply For Scholarship In Ghana And Abroad Using Government's Online Application Process |url=https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com |access-date=2 May 2020 |website=Avenuegh.com |archive-date=21 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421071320/https://avenuegh.com/apply-for-scholarship-in-ghana-and-abroad-using-governments-online-application-process-www-scholarshipgh-com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ICT a cikin ilimi === [[Fayil:Wikimedia_Outreach_in_Ghana_6.jpeg|thumb|Daliban [[Jami'ar Ghana]] sun shiga cikin yaduwar Wikipedia]] A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kulawar gwamnati ta sauya zuwa amfani da fasahar kwamfuta a koyarwa da ilmantarwa. Matsayin ICT (Fasahar sadarwa Bayanai) a cikin manufofin ilimi na Ghana yana buƙatar amfani da ICT don koyarwa da koyo a duk matakan tsarin ilimi. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yi ƙoƙari don tallafawa cibiyoyin koyar da ilimin ICT. Yawancin makarantun sakandare da wasu makarantun firamare suna da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kwamfuta. Duk da sha'awar tarayya a cikin ICT, samun damar kwamfuta yana da iyaka sosai kuma ma'aikatan suna ɗaukar na'urorin lantarki don tabbatar da cewa ba a sace su ba. Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan game da haɗin koyarwa na ICTs daga 2009 zuwa 2011 a cikin makarantu 10 na Ghana ya nuna cewa akwai rata tsakanin umarnin manufofi da ainihin ayyuka a makarantu. Ana mai da hankali ga tsarin karatun hukuma akan ci gaban ƙwarewar ɗalibai a cikin kayan aikin ICT, amma ba lallai ba ne ta amfani da fasaha a matsayin hanyar ilmantarwa ban da amfani da na'urorin. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa Ma'aikatar Ilimi a halin yanzu tana ƙoƙarin tura isasshen albarkatun ICT don haɓaka ilimin ICT da ake buƙata don ƙwarewar kwamfuta don a haɗa su cikin koyarwa / ilmantarwa. == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} r6tpx6brh7kxj1uxvdynm7onpfmpwhb 0 80127 840367 616183 2026-05-26T23:39:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'o'in Honoris United (HUU) ''', kungiya ce da ke da ƙwarewa a cikin ilimi mafi girma mai zaman kansa da ilimin ƙwararru a nahiyar Afirka. Tana da cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa a [[Moroko|Maroko]], [[Najeriya]], [[Tunisiya]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoris United Universities |url=https://www.weforum.org/organizations/honoris-united-universities/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Private equity firm Actis sets up Africa education platform{{!}} Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3e0b8747-e8a8-3f07-8598-49ca52e31afc |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> Kungiyar tana gudana ne ta hanyar kwamitin da kuma kwamitin ilimi kuma babban jami'in zartarwa ne ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoris United Universities Announces Academic Council |url=https://honoris.net/honoris-united-universities-announces-academic-council/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Honoris United Universities |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Office |first=Press |date=2019-05-27 |title=Honoris United Universities announces Academic Council and appoints new independent board member |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/honoris-united-universities-announces-academic-council-and-appoints-new-independent-board-member/63293/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=How we made it in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2021, cibiyar sadarwar Honoris ta ƙunshi cibiyoyin ilimi masu zaman kansu 14 a cikin ƙasashe 10 da birane 32 tare da dalibai 57,000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Office |first=Press |date=2021-01-14 |title=Honoris United Universities appoints Luis Lopez as non-executive Chairman and introduces Dr. Jonathan Louw as its new CEO |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/honoris-united-universities-appoints-luis-lopez-as-non-executive-chairman-and-introduces-dr-jonathan-louw-as-its-new-ceo/88637/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=How we made it in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Actis Capital ta ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da Jami'o'in Honoris United a matsayin ƙungiyar ilimi inda take saka hannun jari dala miliyan 275. Kungiyar ta sanar da Luis Lopez a matsayin babban jami'in zartarwa. An sanya shi shugaban da ba shugaban zartarwa ba a watan Janairun 2021 kuma Jonathan Louw ya zama sabon Shugaba. == Tarihi == === Kafawa === A cikin shekara ta 2014, Actis ya shiga yarjejeniya tare da Jami'ar Centrale Group, ƙungiyar ilimi ta sakandare a Tunisia, don gina dandalin ilimi mafi girma. Slah Ben Turkia ya zama Shugaba na farko na dandalin. A shekara ta 2016, kungiyar ta fadada zuwa Maroko ta hanyar hada Jami'ar Mundiapolis . A cikin 2017, ƙungiyar ta fara shiga Afirka mai magana da Ingilishi, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da [[MANCOSA|Kwalejin Gudanarwa ta Kudancin Afirka (MANCOSA)]] da Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Regent. A wannan shekarar, an kafa Jami'o'in Honoris United kuma sun fara daukar ma'aikatan gudanarwa tare da Luis Lopez da aka nada a matsayin Shugaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoris United Universities |url=https://www.act.is/about-us/portfolio/honoris-united-universities/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Actis |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Timeline |url=https://honoris.net/about-honoris/history/timeline/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Honoris United Universities |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018, Honoris ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Makarantar Kasuwancin Turai (ESCP Turai) don manufar raba ilimi da albarkatu tare da samar da tallafin karatu da taimakon kuɗi ga ɗaliban da aka shigar da su ta hanyar wannan ma'aikatar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Office |first=Press |date=2018-05-22 |title=ESCP Europe signs comprehensive memorandum of understanding with Honoris United Universities |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/escp-europe-signs-comprehensive-memorandum-of-understanding-with-honoris-united-universities/61527/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=How we made it in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Honoris ta ƙaddamar da [[MANCOSA|Makarantar Ilimi ta MANCOSA]] kuma a cikin 2021, ta haɗu da Le Wagon don buɗe sansanonin ƙididdiga a duk faɗin nahiyar a matsayin wani ɓangare na fadada ta zuwa Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoris United Universities launches the MANCOSA School of Education to elevate teacher training in Africa |url=https://ghanaguardian.com/honoris-united-universities-launches-the-mancosa-school-of-education-to-elevate-teacher-training-in-africa |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=The Ghana Guardian News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Le Wagon - an Honoris Partner Institution |url=https://info.lewagon.com/honoris_africa |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=info.lewagon.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912125823/https://info.lewagon.com/honoris_africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2021, cibiyar sadarwa ta ba da sanarwar aiki a kan yiwuwar shigarwa a [[Misra|Misira]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The private sector really likes higher education |url=https://enterprise.press/stories/2021/12/23/the-private-sector-really-likes-higher-education-61281/ |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=Enterprise |language=en}}</ref> == Makarantu da rassa == === Afirka ta Kudu === * [[MANCOSA|Kwalejin Gudanarwa ta Kudancin Afirka]] (2017) * Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Regent (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Red & Yellow |url=https://www.africa.com/red-yellow-creative-school-of-business-expands-into-mauritius-and-beyond/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=www.africa.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * Red da Yellow Creative School of Business (2020) * FEDISA, Makarantar Fasaha, Afirka ta Kudu (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brandstories |title=Leading South African Fashion School, FEDISA selects Honoris United Universities for pan-African expansion |url=https://www.iol.co.za/education/partnered/leading-south-african-fashion-school-fedisa-selects-honoris-united-universities-for-pan-african-expansion-932717fc-a46c-4018-8bce-7016b378bf30 |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> === Maroko === [[Fayil:Campus-mundiapolis.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Mundiapolis, Morocco[[Moroko|Maroko]]]] * Jami'ar Mundiapolis (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maroc : Mundiapolis à Casablanca, une usine à cadres – Jeune Afrique |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/519430/societe/maroc-mundiapolis-a-casablanca-une-usine-a-cadres/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-06 |title=Les ressources humaines comme levier de développement du système national de santé {{!}} Consonews - Premier site consommation au Maroc |url=https://consonews.ma/39297.html |access-date=2022-09-08 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya ta Injiniya ta Morocco (EMSI) (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=L'EMSI intègre le réseau panafricain Honoris United Universities - La Vie éco |url=https://www.lavieeco.com/economie/lemsi-integre-le-reseau-panafricain-honoris-united-universities/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * Makarantar Gine-gine ta Casablanca (EAC) (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Office |first=Press |date=2018-11-01 |title=EAC, the leading school of architecture in Casablanca, Morocco, joins Honoris United Universities |url=https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/eac-the-leading-school-of-architecture-in-casablanca-morocco-joins-honoris-united-universities/62428/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=How we made it in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> === Najeriya === [[Fayil:NILE_UNIVERSITY,_NIGERIA_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Ƙofar harabar Nilu, Najeriya]] * [[Jami'ar Nile Dake Nigeria|Jami'ar Nilu ta Najeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-10 |title=Honoris-owned Nile University of Nigeria leverages Pan-African Network's capital investments to drive student success |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/features/honoris-owned-nile-university-of-nigeria-leverages-pan-african-networks-capital-investments-to-drive-student-success/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912125817/https://editor.guardian.ng/features/honoris-owned-nile-university-of-nigeria-leverages-pan-african-networks-capital-investments-to-drive-student-success/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Mauritius === [[Fayil:Honoris_educational_network.jpg|thumb|Honoris a Mauritius]] * Cibiyar Ilimi ta Honoris, da farko YKBS (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoris Educational Network celebrates 20 years of existence – Mauritius News |url=https://mauritiushindinews.com/ion-news/honoris-educational-network-celebrates-20-years-of-existence/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=mauritiushindinews.com |archive-date=2025-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221213525/https://mauritiushindinews.com/ion-news/honoris-educational-network-celebrates-20-years-of-existence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Tunisiya === * Jami'ar Tsakiya (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Université Centrale et CENTURY 21 lancent la 1ère école de formation en immobilier en Tunisie |url=https://www.ilboursa.com/marches/universite-centrale-et-century-21-lancent-la-1ere-ecole-de-formation-en-immobilier-en-tunisie_33210 |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=ilboursa.com |language=fr}}</ref> * Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Lafiya (UPSAT) (2018) * Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Honoris (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ouverture à Tunis du premier centre de simulation médicale dans le nord de l’Afrique |url=https://www.espacemanager.com/ouverture-tunis-du-premier-centre-de-simulation-medicale-dans-le-nord-de-lafrique.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Espace Manager |language=fr |archive-date=2023-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010115256/https://www.espacemanager.com/ouverture-tunis-du-premier-centre-de-simulation-medicale-dans-le-nord-de-lafrique.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Injiniya da Fasaha mai zaman kanta - ESPRIT (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=ATANGANA |first=Vanessa Louise NGONO |title=L'Université tunisienne ESPRIT devient membre du groupe panafricain Honoris United Universities |url=https://www.agenceecofin.com/formation/0212-83127-l-universite-tunisienne-esprit-devient-membre-du-groupe-panafricain-honoris-united-universities |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Agence Ecofin |language=fr-fr}}</ref> ==== Cibiyar horar da sana'a ==== * Cibiyar Maghrebin ta Kimiyya da Fasaha (IMSET) * Kwalejin Fasaha ta Carthage (AAC) == Bayanan da aka ambata == 53nma24vkkn0v8oy8slr5k0jawpqf24 0 80138 840365 460844 2026-05-26T23:08:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Jami'ar Pretoria Faculty of Engineering, da Built Environment and Information Technology shirye-shiryen ilimi sun koma zuwa 1908 kuma sun kunshi Makarantar Injiniya, Makarantar Muhalli, Makarantar Fasahar Bayanai da Makarantar Gudanar da Fasaha. <ref>http://www.sastudy.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=773:about-the-university-of-pretoria-faculty-of-engineering-built-environment-and-information-technology&catid=924:faculty-of-engineering-and-the-built-environment&Itemid=221 University of Pretoria Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment & IT Retrieved 22 December 2012</ref> Jami'ar ita ce kadai mai haɗin gwiwar Afirka a cikin shirin injiniya na CDIO: Tun daga shekara ta 1997, jami'ar gaba ɗaya ta samar da ƙarin abubuwan bincike a kowace shekara fiye da kowane cibiyar ilimi mafi girma a Afirka ta Kudu, kamar yadda aka auna ta hanyar Ma'aikatar Ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UP in a Nutshell 2008 |url=http://web.up.ac.za/UserFiles/UP%20in%20a%20Nutshell(1).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219221752/http://web.up.ac.za/UserFiles/UP%20in%20a%20Nutshell%281%29.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-19 |access-date=2012-01-12}}</ref> == Tarihi == Shirin don jami'a don babban birnin, wanda aka fara magana a cikin Volksraad a 1889, an katse shi da barkewar Anglo Boer War a 1899. A cikin 1902 bayan sanya hannu kan Zaman Lafiya na Vereeniging, an kafa Kwalejin al'ada don horar da malamai a Groenkloof, Pretoria kuma a cikin 1904 [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Transvaal]], tare da jaddada ilimin hakar ma'adinai, ta buɗe a Johannesburg. A cikin 1906 Cibiyar Fasaha ta Transvaal ta canza sunanta zuwa Kwalejin Jami'ar Transvaal . <ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite web |title=University of Pretoria Historical Overview Retrieved April 24, 2010 |url=http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=9792 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401175118/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=9792 |archive-date=April 1, 2012 |access-date=January 12, 2012}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Maris 1908 lokacin da Kwalejin Jami'ar Transvaal (TUC) ta canja darussanta na zane-zane da kimiyya zuwa sabon harabar [[Pretoria]] da aka kafa an kafa magajin jami'ar, da farko tana ba da darussan harsuna, kimiyya, da doka.<ref name="britannica1">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/475582/University-of-Pretoria Universiteit Van Pretoria Retrieved April 24, 2010]</ref><ref>[http://sajg.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/extract/111/2-3/141 Special Edition in celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the Geology Department at the University of Pretoria. ]</ref> An kafa Ma'aikatar Gine-gine a hukumance a shekara ta 1943. == Malamai == Makarantar Injiniya tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu a cikin injiniyan sinadarai, injiniyan farar hula da na tsarin halittu, injiniyan lantarki, injiniyan injiniya da na kwamfuta, injiniyan masana'antu da na tsarin, kimiyyar kayan aiki da injiniyan ƙarfe, injiniyan inji da na jirgin sama, injiniyan hakar ma'adinai da kuma shirye-shirye na digiri na injiniya da fasaha kawai.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>http://www.aeroafrica-eu.org/sa_aero_rd/up.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121041524/http://www.aeroafrica-eu.org/sa_aero_rd/up.php |date=2010-11-21 }} University of Pretoria (UP) 22 December 2012</ref> Makarantar don Muhalli da aka gina tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na farko da na digiri na biyu a cikin gine-gine, gine-ginen shimfidar wuri, gine-gine na ciki, binciken yawa, gudanar da gine-gine.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Makarantar Fasahar Bayanai tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri da digiri na biyu a fannonin kimiyyar kwamfuta, ilimin kwamfuta da kimiyyar bayanai.<ref name="ReferenceA">http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=972&subid=972&ipklookid=7 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826114924/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=972&subid=972&ipklookid=7 |date=2012-08-26 }} Academic Programmes Retrieved 22 December 2012</ref> Makarantar Gudanar da Fasaha ta Graduate tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri na biyu a fannonin fasaha, gudanarwa, gudanar da aikin, gudanar da injiniya, gudanar da sake zagayowar rayuwa da gudanar da kadarori.<ref>http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=3200&subid=3200&ipklookid=7 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123053004/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=3200&subid=3200&ipklookid=7 |date=2008-11-23 }} Academic Programmes Retrieved 22 December 2012</ref><ref>http://www.arecsa.co.za/Management-training-in-SA/Technology-Management/University-of-Pretoria-Graduate-School-of-Technology-Management-Courses-580.aspx {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217033323/http://arecsa.co.za/Management-training-in-SA/Technology-Management/University-of-Pretoria-Graduate-School-of-Technology-Management-Courses-580.aspx |date=2012-02-17 }} University Of Pretoria Graduate School Of Technology Management Retrieved 22 December 2012</ref> == Takaddun shaida da alaƙa == Shirye-shiryen injiniya sun sami amincewar Majalisar Injiniya ta Afirka ta Kudu (ECSA) <ref name="ReferenceA"/> kuma an amince da su a duniya ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Washington a Ostiraliya, Kanada, Taipei na Sin, Hong Kong, China, Ireland, Japan, Koriya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Turkiyya, Ingila da Amurka. Shirin CDIO (CDIO shine farkon farawa don Canza - Zane - Aiwatarwa - Aiki) sabon tsarin ilimi ne don samar da injiniyoyi na gaba. Tsarin yana ba wa ɗalibai ilimi yana jaddada mahimman abubuwan injiniya da aka saita a cikin mahallin Conception - Designing - Implementing - Operating real-world tsarin da kayayyaki. A duk faɗin duniya, masu haɗin gwiwar CDIO Initiative sun karɓi CDIO a matsayin tsarin shirinsu na karatunsu da kuma kimantawa na sakamako. Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts ce ta kafa CDIO <ref>http://www.engsc.ac.uk/er/cdio/index.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824202313/http://www.engsc.ac.uk/er/cdio/index.asp |date=2009-08-24 }} CDIO Retrieved March 29, 2010</ref> a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. A shekara ta 2000 ya zama hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa, tare da jami'o'i a duniya da ke karɓar wannan tsarin.<ref>http://www.cdio.org/implementing-cdio-your-institution/collaboration CDIO Retrieved March 29, 2010</ref> Abokan hulɗa suna tattaunawa game da abin da ke aiki da abin da ba ya aiki kuma suna ci gaba da inganta aikin. Tabbatar da ƙarin membobin haɗin gwiwar tsari ne na zaɓaɓɓen da aka gudanar da Majalisar da ta ƙunshi mambobi na asali da masu karɓar farko. == Ayyukan ɗalibai da haɗin gwiwar al'umma == * Jami'ar ta shirya gasar shekara-shekara ta SAE International da aka ba da izini ga ɗaliban injiniyan mota Baja SAE a Afirka ta Kudu wanda Sasol ke tallafawa.<ref>http://www.tuksbaja.co.za {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228081035/http://www.tuksbaja.co.za/ |date=2009-02-28 }} Tuks Baja.</ref> Dukkanin daliban digiri na farko suna shiga cikin aikin tilastawa na al'umma a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun shiga cikin al'umma na jami'a. Wannan tsari ya kasance dan wasan karshe na 2010 MacJannet Prize for Global Citizenship . <ref>http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=990&sub=0&parentid=44&subid=972&ipklookid=7&language=0 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826033312/http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=990&sub=0&parentid=44&subid=972&ipklookid=7&language=0 |date=2012-08-26 }} COMMUNITY-BASED PROJECT MODULE Retrieved December 2011</ref> * Gidan EBIT yana ba da dandamali don shiga cikin zamantakewa, fadakar da al'umma da shiga cikin ɗalibai tare da baiwa. == Sunansa da matsayi == ; Matsayi na teburin League Matsayin Jami'ar Duniya ta QS ya sanya ma'aikatan kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |title=University Rankings |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings |access-date=26 February 2010 |website=Top Universities |publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Shekara !Injiniya & IT |- |2010 |351-400 |- |2009 |291 |- |2008 | - |- |2007 |368 |} Kyaututtuka na baya-bayan nan da daliban gine-gine suka samu sun hada da: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Shekara !Kyautar |- |2011 |Kyautar Holcim Next Generation ta Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya ga ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu <ref>http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=6674&articleID=8348{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ica and Middle East Region's Holcim Next Generation Award for post-graduate students Retrieved 22 December 2011</ref> |- |2010 |Kyautar Hunter Douglas a Archiprix International <ref name="ReferenceB">http://web.up.ac.za/default.asp?ipkCategoryID=6674&articleID=7614{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Hunter Douglas Award at the Archiprix International 22 December 2011</ref> |- |2010 |Kyautar Cibiyar Nazarin Rubuce-rubuce da Littattafai ta Yanar Gizo <ref name="ReferenceB" /> |- |2010 |Gasar Murray & Roberts Des Baker <ref name="ReferenceB" /> |- |2010 |DesignHub Amsa-Renew-Revitalise Gasar <ref name="ReferenceB" /> |- |2010 |DesignHub Respond-Renew-Revitalise Competition - mafi kyawun sashen Gine-gine <ref name="ReferenceB" /> |} == Dalibai == Sanannun tsofaffi sun haɗa da: Marius Kloppers tsohon Shugaba na BHP, kamfanin [[hakar ma'adinai]] mafi girma a duniya kuma CNN Money ta kira shi mutum na 18 mafi iko a duniya a kasuwanci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crikey - Another foreigner climbs to the top of the heap at BHP-Billiton - Another foreigner climbs to the top of the heap at BHP-Billiton |url=http://www.crikey.com.au/Business/20070531-Another-foreigner-climbs-the-mountain-at-BHP.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224531/http://www.crikey.com.au/Business/20070531-Another-foreigner-climbs-the-mountain-at-BHP.html |archive-date=2007-09-26 |access-date=2012-01-12}}</ref><ref>https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0711/gallery.power_25.fortune/18.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230222941/http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0711/gallery.power_25.fortune/18.html |date=2011-12-30 }} 25 most powerful people in business Retrieved 28 November 2011</ref> Calie Pistorius masanin kimiyya ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda a halin yanzu shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Hull, Ingila . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.hull.ac.uk/theuniversity/management.../vice_chancellor.aspx |title=http://www2.hull.ac.uk/theuniversity/management... |access-date=2024-06-23 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060024/http://www2.hull.ac.uk/theuniversity/management.../vice_chancellor.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Stefan Swanepoel sanannen masanin gine-gine ne na duniya kuma marubucin littattafai da rahotanni sama da 50, wasu daga cikinsu an jera su a cikin ''[[New York Times]]'' da Wall Street Journal jerin sunayen mafi kyawun sayarwa.<ref>[http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/blog/2013/04/2013-global-summit-and-investment.html Pacific Business News] ''[[Pacific Business News]]'', April 22, 2013.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2011-03-20/hardcover-advice/list.html New York Times], March 20, 2011.</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704758904576188541488004546?mod=WSJ_Books_LS_Books_13 Wall Street Journal], March 6, 2011.</ref> == Bayani == [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1euswxa994lpxtog9mobliqehqdvx32 0 80238 840388 743291 2026-05-27T05:09:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Wannan jerin jami'o'i ne a Masar. Sashin ilimi mafi girma na kasa ya haɗa da jami'o'i da yawa na gwamnati, na ƙasa da masu zaman kansu. == Gwamnati ce ke tallafawa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Jami'ar !Abun taƙaice na yau da kullun !Shekarar da aka kafa !Tushen |- |[[Jami'ar Ain Shams]] |ASU |1950 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.shams.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Ain Shams University |archive-date=16 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616164957/http://www.shams.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] |AZU |975 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=جامعة الازهر ترحب بكم |url=http://www.azhar.edu.eg/En/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514024317/http://www.azhar.edu.eg/En/index.htm |archive-date=14 May 2009 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Al-Azhar University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Alexandria]] |ALEXU |1938 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page |url=http://au.alexu.edu.eg/English/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214155637/http://au.alexu.edu.eg/English/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=14 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Alexandria University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Assiut]] |AUN |1957 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=http://www.aun.edu.eg |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Assiut University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Aswan]] |ASWU |2012 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2014 |title=Home Page |url=http://www.aswu.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Aswan University |archive-date=8 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208014515/http://aswu.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Benha|Jami'ar Banha]] |BU |2005 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Benha University |url=http://www.bu.edu.eg/en/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Benha University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Beni Suef|Jami'ar Beni-Suef]] |BSU |2005 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bani Suef University |url=http://www.bsu.edu.eg/EnglishUniversityWebsite/Default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116223557/http://www.bsu.edu.eg/EnglishUniversityWebsite/Default.aspx |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Beni Suef University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Alkahira]] |CU |1908 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cairo University |url=http://cu.edu.eg/Home |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Cairo University}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Damanhour |DAU |2010 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=::Damanhour University&nbsp;— Egypt:: |url=http://www.damanhour.edu.eg/En/Pages/Default.aspx |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Damanhour University}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Damietta |DU |2012 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Damietta University |url=http://www.du.edu.eg/en/home.aspx |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Damietta University |archive-date=20 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220061117/http://www.du.edu.eg/en/home.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Masar da Japan]] |E-JUST |2010 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology |url=http://www.ejust.edu.eg |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Ejust.edu.eg}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Fayoum]] |FU |2005 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home page |url=http://www.fayoum.edu.eg/english/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Fayoum University |archive-date=14 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214101027/http://www.fayoum.edu.eg/English/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Helwan]] |HU |1975 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2012 |title=Helwan University |url=http://www.helwan.edu.eg/english/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Helwan University |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411120137/http://www.helwan.edu.eg/English/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Kafrelsheikh |KFS |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page |url=http://portal.kfs.edu.eg/english/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217001144/http://portal.kfs.edu.eg/English/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=17 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Kafrelsheikh University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Luxor]] |LU |2019 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=>Luxor University |url=http://www.luxor.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.luxor.edu.eg |language=en |archive-date=2020-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608134216/http://luxor.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Mansoura]] |MANS |1972 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mansoura University |url=http://www.mans.edu.eg/en |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Mansoura University |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508154609/https://www.mans.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Kwalejin Fasaha ta Soja |MTC |1957 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=About MTC |url=http://www.mtc.edu.eg/main.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060410095633/http://www.mtc.edu.eg/main.htm |archive-date=10 April 2006 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Military Technical College}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Minya|Jami'ar Minia]] | - |1976 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page |url=http://www.minia.edu.eg/english/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219185411/http://www.minia.edu.eg/English/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=19 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Minia University}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Minufiya | - |1976 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minoufiya University |url=http://www.menofia.edu.eg/english/index.asp |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Menofia.edu.eg |archive-date=12 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112234337/http://www.menofia.edu.eg/english/index.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar New Valley]] |NVU |2018 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NVU Official Website |url=http://nvu.edu.eg/ |access-date=2024-06-26 |archive-date=2024-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525210227/https://nvu.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Port Said]] |PSU |2010 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Port Said University |url=http://www.psu.edu.eg/en/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Port Said University |archive-date=22 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922004401/http://www.psu.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Kwalejin Sadat don Kimiyya ta Gudanarwa]] |SAMS |1981 |<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ar:أكاديمية السادات للعلوم الإدارية |url=http://www.sadatacademy.edu.eg |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Sadat Academy for Management Sciences |language=ar}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Sohag]] |SO |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page |url=http://www.sohag-univ.edu.eg/english/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312010355/http://www.sohag-univ.edu.eg/English/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=12 March 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Sohag University}}</ref> |- |[[South Valley University|Jami'ar Kudancin Kudancin]] |SVU |1958 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Valley University |url=http://www.svu.edu.eg |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=South Valley University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Suez Canal]] |SCU |1964 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suez Canal University |url=http://scuegypt.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219070439/http://scuegypt.edu.eg/en/ |archive-date=19 February 2013 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Suez Canal University}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Suez |SU |2012 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://suezuniv.edu.eg/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222172753/http://suezuniv.edu.eg/en/ |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Suez University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Tanta]] |TU |1972 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanta University |url=http://www.tanta.edu.eg/en/index.aspx |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Tanta University |archive-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222054552/http://www.tanta.edu.eg/en/index.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Sadat City |USC |2013 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page |url=http://www.usc.edu.eg/english/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151938/http://www.usc.edu.eg/English/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=15 December 2013 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=University of Sadat City}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Zagazig |ZU |1974 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zagazig University |url=http://english.zu.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Zagazig University |archive-date=3 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103185454/http://english.zu.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Jami'o'in kasa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Jami'ar !Abun taƙaice na yau da kullun !Shekarar da aka kafa !Tushen |- |[[Zewail City of Science, Technology and Innovation|Birnin Zewail na Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation]] |ZC |2011 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The University of Science and Technology |url=http://www.zewailcity.edu.eg/the-university/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102090100/http://www.zewailcity.edu.eg/the-university/ |archive-date=2 January 2015 |access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Sarki Salman]] |KSIU |2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=About KSIU |url=https://ksiu.edu.eg/about-university/ |access-date=9 September 2021}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Galala]] |GU |2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=About GU |url=https://www.gu.edu.eg/about-gu/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918235413/https://www.gu.edu.eg/about-gu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Alamein ta Duniya|Jami'ar AlAlamein ta Duniya]] |AIU |2020 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://aiu.edu.eg/ |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308005046/https://aiu.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Sabuwar Jami'ar Mansoura]] |NMU |2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=About NMU |url=https://nmu.edu.eg/About%20University/about-us |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909120437/https://nmu.edu.eg/About%20University/about-us |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Masana'antu ta Masar |EUI |2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.turndigital.net |title=Egypt University of Informatics (EUI) – An ICT related University |url=http://eui.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=eui.edu.eg |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Nile|Jami'ar Nilu]] |NU |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home page {{!}} NU |url=https://nu.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=nu.edu.eg}}</ref> |} == Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Jami'ar !Abun taƙaice na yau da kullun !Shekarar da aka kafa !Tushen |- |Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Jamus |GIU |2018 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The German International University |url=http://www.giu-uni.de/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=German International University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Jamus a Alkahira]] |GUC |2003 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The German University in Cairo |url=http://www.guc.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602095800/http://guc.edu.eg/ |archive-date=2 June 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=German University in Cairo}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Ahram ta Kanada |ACU |2005 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.acu.edu.eg/index.php?lang=en |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Ahram Canadian University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Amurka a Alkahira]] |AUC |1919 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AUC |url=http://www.aucegypt.edu |access-date=4 January 2016 |publisher=The American University in Cairo}} </ref> |- |[[Kwalejin Kimiyya, Fasaha da Sufuri na Ruwa]] |AASTMT |1972 - a matsayin Ƙungiyar Larabawa |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport |url=http://www.aast.edu/en/index.php |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport |archive-date=14 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214085716/http://www.aast.edu/en/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Arab Open |AOU |2002 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome |url=https://www.arabou.edu.kw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1696&Itemid=630&lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203132509/https://www.arabou.edu.kw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1696&Itemid=630&lang=en |archive-date=3 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Arab Open University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Burtaniya a Misira]] |BUE |2005 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The British University In Egypt |url=http://www.bue.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=British University in Egypt |archive-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814232356/http://www.bue.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Kwalejin Kasa da Kasa ta Kanada |CIC |2004 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Learn, Apply & Excel |url=http://www.cic-cairo.com/cic/?lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224220720/http://cic-cairo.com/cic/?lang=en |archive-date=24 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Canadian International College, Cairo}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Delta don Kimiyya da Fasaha]] |Dole ne a biya |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pharos University in Alexandria |url=http://www.pua.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Pharos University}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Masar ta kasar Sin |ECU |2016 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Universities in Egypt |url=https://eue.edu.eg/ |access-date=22 November 2022 |website=EUE:home}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar E-Learning ta Masar |EELU |2008 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian E-Learning University |url=http://www.eelu.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Egyptian E-Learning University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Rasha ta Masar]] |ERU |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ERU |url=http://www.eru.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Egyptian Russian University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'o'in Turai a Misira]] (Jami'ar London (ciki har da LSE), Jami'ar Lancashire ta Tsakiya, Jami'ar Gabashin London) |EUE |2021 (2021, 2021, 2024) |<ref>{{Cite web |title=EUE:Home - |url=https://eue.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=EUE}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Future ta Misra|Jami'ar nan gaba a Misira]] |FUE |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Future University inEgypt |url=http://www.futureuniversity.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212101636/http://www.futureuniversity.edu.eg/ |archive-date=12 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Future University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Heliopolis]] |HU |2012 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heliopolis University |url=http://www.hu.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Heliopolis University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Misr]] |MIU |1996 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Misr International University |url=http://www.miuegypt.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606081744/http://www.miuegypt.edu.eg/ |archive-date=6 June 2017 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Misr International University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Misr ta Kimiyya da Fasaha|Jami'ar Misr don Kimiyya da Fasaha]] |Dole ne a Yi |1996 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2002 |title=MUST-Misr University for Science & Technology |url=http://www.must.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Misr University for Science and Technology}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Hertfordshire A Misira |UH |2019 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home I GAF I University of Hertfordshire in Egypt |url=https://www.gaf.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=www.gaf.edu.eg}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar MSA|Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta zamani]] |MSA |1996 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modern Sciences and Arts University |url=http://www.msa.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Modern Sciences and Arts University}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar MTI |MTI |2004 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Join The Elite Society |url=http://www.mti.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Modern University for Technology and Information}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Nahda a Beni Suef |NUB |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NUB |url=http://www.nahdauniversity.org/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220193232/http://www.nahdauniversity.org/default.aspx |archive-date=20 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=NNahda University in Benisuef}}</ref> |- |[[October 6 University|Oktoba 6 Jami'ar]] |O6U |1996 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=October 6 University |url=http://www.o6u.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=6 October University}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Pharos a Iskandariya]] |PUA |2007 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delta University for Science and Technology |url=http://www.deltauniv.edu.eg/EN/home.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219025818/http://www.deltauniv.edu.eg/EN/home.html |archive-date=19 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Delta University for Science and Technology}}</ref> |- |[[Jami'ar Sinai]] |SU |2006 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinai University |url=http://www.su.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Sinai University}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Faransa ta Masar |UFE |2002 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2013 |title=Université Française d'Egypte |url=http://www.ufe.edu.eg/ |access-date=16 February 2014 |publisher=Université Française d'Egypte}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Badr a Alkahira |BUC |2014 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badr University in Cairo |url=http://www.buc.edu.eg/ |publisher=Badr University in Cairo}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Badr a Assiut |BUA |2021 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=BUA – Badr University in Assuit |url=http://bua.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Sabuwar Jami'ar Giza |NGU |2016 | |- |Kwalejin Shorouk |SHA |1995 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=El Shorouk Academy |url=https://sha.edu.eg/ |publisher=El Shorouk Academy}}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Toronto Metropolitan Alkahira |TMU |2022 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://tmu.uofcanada.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=TMU Cairo |language=English |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223225647/https://tmu.uofcanada.edu.eg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Jami'ar Prince Edward Island |UPEI |2018 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://upei.uofcanada.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=UPEI Cairo Campus |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Kasuwanci |ESLSCA |1998 - Kwalejin MBA ta farko a Masar |<ref>{{Cite web |title=ESLSCA University – Europe's Leader in Business Education since 1949 |url=https://eslsca.edu.eg/ |access-date=2023-08-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == 60. https://tmu.uofcanada.edu.eg/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223225647/https://tmu.uofcanada.edu.eg/ |date=2024-02-23 }} Jami'ar Toronto Metropolitan 61. <nowiki>https://upei.uofcanada.edu.eg/game</nowiki> da Jami'ar Prince Edward Island 62.https://eslsca.edu.eg/ (Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Kasuwanci srskdrwld731brwusp3ujsj5xiumy6d 0 84891 840379 525566 2026-05-27T02:33:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jeleel Olasunkanmi Ojuade''' farfesa ne na karatun rawe-rawe na Najeriya,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akande |first=Araayo |last2=Newspaper |first2=The Culture |date=2021-11-10 |title=44 years after, Ojuade, child dancer turned professor, delivers inaugural lecture |url=https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/44-years-after-ojuade-child-dancer-turned-professor-delivers-inaugural-lecture/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=The Culture Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> farkon Bayaraben Farfesa na Rawa a Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adisa |first=Folorunso Fatai |date=2021-11-12 |title=Jeleel Ojuade: Chronicles of First Professor of Dance in Yoruba History |url=https://platformsafrica.com/2021/11/12/jeleel-ojuade-chronicles-of-first-professor-of-dance-in-yoruba-history/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Platformsafrica |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma Shugaban Jami'ar Crown-Hill, Ilorin tun daga Janairu 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdulazeez |first=Arowona |date=2023-01-15 |title=UNILORIN lecturer, Prof. Jeleel Ojuade becomes new VC of Crown-Hill varsity |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/unilorin-lecturer-prof-jeleel-ojuade-becomes-new-vc-of-crown-hill-varsity/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Royal News |language=en-US}}</ref> An nada Ojuade a matsayin farfesa a shekara ta 2019 a [[Jami'ar Ilorin]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-06 |title=I’ve grown thick skin to funny comments about my dancing career – Professor of Dance, Ojuade |url=https://punchng.com/ive-grown-thick-skin-to-funny-comments-about-my-dancing-career-professor-of-dance-ojuade/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ya ba da lakabi, Aare Alasa na Ifetedo ta Olubosin na Ifetedo, Oba Akinola Oyetade Akinrera (Latiri 1).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friends, Colleagues, Students Celebrate Ojuade – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/11/10/friends-colleagues-students-celebrate-ojuade/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Farfesa Jeleel Ojuade dan asalin Ifetedo ne a jihar Osun, daya daga cikin jihohin yammacin Najeriya. An haife shi a shekarar 1970. Rayuwar sa na karama ya yi a Ifetedo amma ya samu damar yin balaguro, tare da raka tawagar mahaifinsa zuwa jihohi daban-daban a fadin Najeriya. Tun yana yaro, ya halarci bikin fasaha da al'adu wanda ya gudana a Lagos Nigeria a shekarar 1977. Bikin wanda kuma ake yiwa lakabi da FESTAC '77 shi ne bikin bakar fata da na Afirka na fasaha da al'adu na duniya na biyu. Lokacin da yake matashi, ya halarci wasan raye-raye a matakin kananan hukumomi da jihohi.<ref>{{Citation |title=THE ESSENCE OF DANCE IN CULTURE |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AERQxyJKhTU |language=en |access-date=2023-02-03}}</ref> Ya sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha daga Jami'ar Ilorin amma ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin wasan kwaikwayo (tare da ƙwararriyar rawa) daga Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka ta [[Jami'ar Ibadan]]. Haka kuma Ojuade ya samu digiri a fannin shari’a na gama gari (LL.B Hons) da digiri na biyu a fannin kare hakkin mallaka (LL.M) duka a Jami’ar Ilorin, [[Jihar Kwara]], Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-30 |title=Ojuade in Dance is Life, Life is Dance. |url=https://owanbecommunity.org/ojuade-in-dance-is-life-life-is-dance/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Owanbe Community |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[category:maluman Najeriya]] [[category:rayayyun mutane]] nebw73v0upkweftq8pjjgq50c2nb4x5 0 86258 840293 690328 2026-05-26T16:09:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840293 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Iry-Hor''' (ko '''Ro'''; <ref name="petrie">{{Cite book|last3=Flinders Petrie}}</ref> fl. c. 3170 BC ) [[Fir'auna]] ne na Sama na Masar a cikin karni na 32 BC. <ref name="talle"/> Binciken da aka yi a Abydos a cikin shekara ta 1980s da 1990s <ref name="dreyer">{{Cite journal |last=Kaiser |first=Werner |author-link=Werner Kaiser (Egyptologist) |last2=Dreyer |first2=Günter |author-link2=Günter Dreyer |year=1982 |title=Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof: 2. Vorbericht |journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo (MDAIK) |language=de |location=Berlin |publisher=[[German Archaeological Institute]], Orient-Abteilung, de Gruyter |volume=38 |pages=211–246 |issn=0342-1279}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaiser |first=Werner |last2=Dreyer |first2=Günter |date=1993 |title=Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof 5./6. Vorbericht |journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo (MDAIK) |issue=49 |page=56}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaiser |first=Werner |last2=Dreyer |first2=Günter |date=1996 |title=Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof 7./8. Vorbericht |journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo (MDAIK) |issue=52 |pages=48–57 and taf. 9}}</ref> da kuma gano a cikin shekara ta 2012 na wani rubutu na Iry-Hor a Sinai ya tabbatar da wanzuwarsa. <ref name="talle" /> Iry-Hor shine shugaban farko na Masar wanda aka sani da suna kuma a wasu lokuta ana ambatonsa a matsayin mutumin farko na tarihi wanda aka sani da suna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odenwald |first=Sten |date=August 15, 2014 |title=Who Was the First Named Human? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/who-was-the-first-named-h_b_5679829 |access-date=29 June 2019 |website=Huffpost}}</ref> == Suna == Iry-Hor's name is written with the Horus falcon hieroglyph (Gardiner sign G5) above a mouth hieroglyph (Gardiner D21). While the modern reading of the name is "Iry-Hor", Flinders Petrie, who discovered and excavated Iry-Hor's tomb at the end of the 19th century, read it "Ro", which was the usual reading of the mouth hieroglyph at the time. Idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin tsohuwar sunan, fassarar ta kasance mai wahala kuma, in babu mafi kyawun madadin, Ludwig D. Morenz ya ba da shawarar cewa a riƙe fassarar ta zahiri, yana ba da “Bakin Horus”. <ref name="morenz">Ludwig D. Morenz: ''Bildbuchstaben und symbolische Zeichen'', p. 88</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1990s, [[:de:Werner Kaiser (Ägyptologe)|Werner Kaiser]] da Günter Dreyer sun fassara sunan Iry-Hor a matsayin "Sabon Horus". <ref name="dreyer"/> Wasu yunƙuri guda biyu na fassarori sun ɗauka cewa Iry-Hor ba sarki ba ne, tun da matsayinsa na sarauta har yanzu yana da cece-kuce a lokacin buga su. Masanin ilimin Masarawa Jürgen von Beckerath da Peter Kaplony sun ba da shawarar cewa sanannun rubuce-rubucen suna magana ne akan wani mutum mai zaman kansa wanda za a karanta sunansa Wer-Ra, ''wr-rꜣ'' (lit. "Baki mai girma"), watau karanta tsuntsu a sama da alamar bakin kamar mai hadiye hieroglyph G36 maimakon Horus falcon. Sun fassara sunan da "Shugaban Magana" ko "Shugaba". <ref name="kaplony">{{Cite book|last3=Peter Kaplony}}</ref> Toby Wilkinson, la'akari da mutumin da ake tambaya ya kasance ''bawan'' sarki, ya fassara alamun a matsayin "Dukiyar sarki". <ref name="wilki2">{{Cite journal |last=Wilkinson |first=Toby |author-link=Toby Wilkinson |year=1993 |title=The identification of Tomb B1 at Abydos: refuting the existence of a king 'Ro/Iry-Hor' |journal=Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |location=London |publisher=Egypt Exploration Society |volume=79 |pages=91–93 |issn=0307-5133}}</ref> == Shaida == [[Fayil:Seal_Iry_Hor.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Hatimin laka tare da alamun ''r-Ḥr'']] [[Fayil:Iry_Hor.svg|thumb| Sunan Iry-Hor]] === Rigima dangane da matsayinsa na zamantakewa === Har zuwa shekara ta 2012, ba a sami sunan Iry-Hor a ciki ko kusa da wani serekh ba, don haka gano Iry-Hor a matsayin sarki yana da rikici. Toby Wilkinson ya ce Iry-Hor ba sarki ''ba'' ne, bawan sarki ne. <ref name="wilki2"/> Masanin ilimin Masar Jürgen von Beckerath da Peter Kaplony suma da farko sun ƙi amincewa da Iry-Hor a matsayin sarki kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa sanannun rubutun suna nufin wani mutum mai zaman kansa wanda za a karanta sunansa Wer-Ra, ''wr-rꜣ'' (lit. "baki mai girma). "), watau karanta tsuntsu a sama da alamar baki a matsayin hadiye hieroglyph G36 maimakon Horus falcon. Sun fassara sunan da "Shugaban Magana" ko "Shugaba". <ref name="kaplony"/> Masanin ilimin Masar Flinders Petrie, <ref name="petrie"/> Laurel Bestock da Jochem Kahl <ref>Jochem Kahl: ''Das System der ägyptischen Hieroglyphenschrift in der 0.-3. Dynastie'', pp.96–101.</ref> duk da haka sun yi imanin cewa lallai shi mai mulki ne na gaske. Bayan binciken da aka yi a Abydos da kuma gano wani rubutu na Iry-Hor a cikin Sinai a cikin shekara ta 2012, yawancin masana Masarautar Masar sun yi watsi da hasashen Wilkinson yanzu kuma an yarda da Iry-Hor a matsayin sarki na farko na Masar. <ref name="talle"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=van den Brink |first=Edwin C. M |year=2001 |title=The incised serekh signs of Dynasties 0–1. Part II: Fragments and Additional Complete Vessels |url=https://www.archeonil.fr/images/revue%202000%202003/AN2001-03-van%20den%20Brink.pdf |journal=archeonil.fr |volume=11 |access-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423075310/https://www.archeonil.fr/images/revue%202000%202003/AN2001-03-van%20den%20Brink.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ⁸Ƙaddamarwa === Binciken da Dreyer ya yi a yankin necropolis na Abydos ya nuna cewa Iry-Hor ya kasance da kyau a wurin da abubuwa sama da 27 da ke ɗauke da sunansa kuma kabarinsa na da girman sarauta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin shekara ta 2012 an gano wani rubutu da ke ambaton Iry-Hor a cikin Sinai, rubutun da ke ɗauke da wani sashe na tarihi mara komai a hannun dama na sunan Iry-Hor. <ref name="talle">P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: ''Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene'', in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, [https://www.academia.edu/3844520/_Iry-Hor_et_Narmer_au_Sud-Sinai_ouadi_Ameyra_ available online]</ref> Rubutun ya ambaci birnin [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]], yana mayar da tushe kafin Narmer kuma ya tabbatar da cewa Iry-Hor ya riga ya yi sarauta a kansa. Bayan wannan binciken, yawancin masanan Masar, ciki har da G. Dreyer da wadanda suka gano rubutun, Pierre Tallet da Damien Laisney, yanzu sun yi imanin cewa Iry-Hor sarki ne. <ref name="talle" /> Ci gaba da tono kabarin Iry-Hor a Abydos na Dreyer ya tabbatar da cewa kabarin yana da girma da tsari iri ɗaya kamar na Ka da Narmer kuma dole ne, saboda haka, na wani sarki ne. Sakamakon haka von Beckerath ya karɓi wannan kuma Iry-Hor yanzu shine farkon shigarwa a cikin sabon bugu na von Beckerath's ''Handbook na Masarawa Fir'auna'' . == Reign and attestations == [[Fayil:Iry-hor_signs.jpg|right|thumb| Sunan Iry-Hor kamar yadda aka samu a Abydos <ref name="dreyer"/>]] Iry-Hor ya kasance magabacin Ka nan da nan <ref>Winfried Barta: ''Zur Namensform und zeitlichen Einordnung des Königs Ro'', in: GM 53, 1982, pp. 11–13.</ref> don haka da zai yi mulki a farkon karni na 32 BC. Wataƙila ya yi sarauta daga Hierakonpolis akan Abydos da yankin Thinite mai faɗi kuma ya mallaki Masar aƙalla a arewa har zuwa [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]], tun da rubutun dutsen Sinai ya danganta ziyarar Iry-Hor zuwa wannan birni. <ref name="talle"/> <ref>Owen Jarus, Live Science, ''Early Egyptian Queen Revealed in 5,000-Year-Old Hieroglyphs'', </ref> Masarautar Masarautar Tallet da [[Damien Laisney]] sun ƙara ba da shawarar cewa Iry-Hor kuma yana sarrafa sassan Nilu Delta. <ref name="talle" /> An binne shi a makabartar Umm el-Qa'ab kusa da Ka, Narmer da sarakunan Daular Farko. Sunan Iry-Hor ya bayyana akan tasoshin yumbu daga kabarinsa a Abydos kuma an sami hatimin yumbu tare da hieroglyphs na ''r-Hr'' a cikin kabarin Narmer kuma yana iya komawa ga Iry-Hor. Gabaɗaya, aƙalla tulunan tukwane 22 da aka ƙera da sunan Iry-Hor sun kasance a cikin Abydos da kuma aƙalla ɓangarorin rubutun tawada biyar da hatimin silinda. An kuma sami irin wannan hatimi a arewa mai nisa a cikin kabarin Z 401 na Zawyet el'Aryan a Ƙasar Masar . <ref name="dreyer">{{Cite journal |last=Kaiser |first=Werner |author-link=Werner Kaiser (Egyptologist) |last2=Dreyer |first2=Günter |author-link2=Günter Dreyer |year=1982 |title=Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof: 2. Vorbericht |journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo (MDAIK) |language=de |location=Berlin |publisher=[[German Archaeological Institute]], Orient-Abteilung, de Gruyter |volume=38 |pages=211–246 |issn=0342-1279}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKaiserDreyer1982">[[Werner Kaiser (Egyptologist)?action=edit&redlink=1|Kaiser, Werner]]; [[Günter Dreyer|Dreyer, Günter]] (1982). "Umm el-Qaab. Nachuntersuchungen im frühzeitlichen Königsfriedhof: 2. Vorbericht". ''Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo (MDAIK)'' (in German). '''38'''. Berlin: [[Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeological ta Jamus|German Archaeological Institute]], Orient-Abteilung, de Gruyter: 211–246. [[ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0342-1279 0342-1279].</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> Ƙwaƙwalwar igiya da aka samu a Hierakonpolis lokacin da James E. Quibell da Petrie tona a can cikin 1900 na iya nufinsa. <ref>[[James E. Quibell]], [[Flinders Petrie]]: ''Hierakonpolis. Part I. Plates of discoveries in 1898 by J. E. Quibell, with notes by W. M. F. P[etrie]'', London 1900, [[iarchive:hierakonpolis00greegoog|available online]]</ref> A ƙarshe, gano wani dutsen rubutu na Iry-Hor a cikin Sinai ya zama shaidarsa ta arewa. Rubutun ya nuna sunan Iry-Hor a kan jirgin ruwa, kusa da kalmar ''Inebu-hedj'' ma'anar "farin bango", tsohon sunan [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] . <ref name="talle"/> == Kabarin == [[Fayil:AbydosMat_Iry-Hor.jpg|thumb| Kabarin Iry-Hor a Umm el-Qa'ab ya ƙunshi ɗakuna daban-daban B1 da B2, waɗanda aka nuna a cikin sa. Kabarin Iry-Hor yana kusa da Ka's (B7, B8, B9) da kaburburan Narmer (B17, B18).]] Kabarin Iry-Hor shine mafi tsufan kabarin Abydos necropolis B a cikin Umm el-Qa'ab . <ref name="dyn0">{{Cite journal |last=Raffaele |first=Francesco |date=2003 |title=Dynasty 0 |url=http://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/hesyra/Dynasty0-Raffaele_AH17.pdf |journal=Aegyptiaca Helvetica |location=Basel, Switzerland |publisher=[[Schwabe (publisher)|Schwabe]] |pages=99–141 |issn=1017-5474}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi ɗakuna biyu na ƙarƙashin ƙasa B1 ( 6 m × 3.5 m ) da B2 ( 4.3 m × 2.45 m ) wanda Petrie ya tono a cikin 1899 kuma daga baya ta Werner Kaiser. <ref name="petrie"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaiser |first=Werner |year=1964 |title=Einige Bemerkungen zur ägyptischen Frühzeit |journal=Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde |volume=91 |issue=2 |pages=86–124 |doi=10.1524/zaes.1964.91.2.86 |s2cid=201840428}}</ref> An gano wani ƙarin ɗaki, wanda yanzu ake kira "B0", yayin sake tono kabari na Iry-Hor a cikin 1990s. Waɗannan ɗakunan suna da girman kama da waɗanda aka samu a cikin kaburburan Ka da Narmer. Babu wani babban tsari, idan da akwai daya, da ya rayu har yau. Chamber B1 ya samar da gutsutsutsun da aka yanka da sunansa. <ref name="dyn0" /> Chamber B2 ya samar da wani guntun kwalba da aka yanka, alamar hatimi, rubutun tawada da yawa da gutsutsayen jirgin ruwa masu ɗauke da sunayen Ka da Narmer. An kuma gano sassan gadon a wurin. <ref name="dreyer"/> == Duba kuma == * Naqada III, kuma ana kiranta daular 0 * Kushim * Enmebaragesi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://xoomer.virgilio.it/francescoraf/hesyra/dynasty0.htm#Dyn0 A kan daular predynastic 0] * [http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/chronology/kingiryhor.html Sarki Iry-Hor] * [http://www.phouka.com/pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn00/02iryHor.html Iry-Hor] * [http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/2egypt/2bildsidor/2iryhor.htm Kabarin Iry-Hor] {{S-start}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of pharaohs#Early Dynastic Period|King of Thinis]]}} {{S-aft}} {{End}}{{Pharaohs}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] szl1xf86140zhinc6rsp7qjzi01f7w1 0 88281 840305 553856 2026-05-26T18:45:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jack Joseph Rose''' (an haife shi ranar 31 ga watan Janairu, 1995) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan baya na kungiyar Hednesford Town ta Division One West, a aro daga kungiyar sutton United ta Kasa. === West Bromwich Albion === Rose ya fara aikinsa tare da kungiyar West Bromwich Albion, ya fara ci gaba ta hanyar tsarin matasa kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko a watan Yunin 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2013 |title=Rose earns first pro deal |url=http://www.wba.co.uk/news/article/rose-earns-first-pro-deal-857096.aspx |website=wba.co.uk}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Rose ta sanya hannu ga kungiyar Accrington Stanley a kan rancen wata daya bayan raunin da ya samu a wasansu da Aaron chapman da Jesse Joronen <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jewell |first=Dan |date=7 November 2014 |title=Rose is a Red! |url=http://accringtonstanley.co.uk/2014/11/rose-red/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117174637/http://accringtonstanley.co.uk/2014/11/rose-red/ |archive-date=17 November 2014 |access-date=15 November 2014 |publisher=Accrington Stanley F.C.}}</ref> ya fara buga wasa a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba a gasar cin kofin FA da Notts County, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Sam |date=8 November 2014 |title=Four changes for FA Cup |url=http://accringtonstanley.co.uk/2014/11/four-changes-fa-cup/ |publisher=Accrington Stanley F.C.}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Sam |date=9 November 2014 |title=Notts County 0–0 Stanley |url=http://accringtonstanley.co.uk/2014/11/notts-county-0-0-stanley/ |publisher=Accrington Stanley F.C.}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan kwallon kafa a ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba a wasansu da Carlisle united <ref name="Robinson">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Sam |date=15 November 2014 |title=Four changes for Carlisle |url=http://accringtonstanley.co.uk/2014/11/four-changes-for-carlisle/ |publisher=Accrington Stanley F.C.}}</ref> Rose ya sanya hannu ga kungiyar Crawley Town a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 a kan aro domin ida sauran kakar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 March 2016 |title=Crawley sign West Brom's Jack Rose after Portsmouth recall Paul Jones |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35881173 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyar a kulob din.<ref name="Robinson2">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Sam |date=15 November 2014 |title=Four changes for Carlisle |url=http://accringtonstanley.co.uk/2014/11/four-changes-for-carlisle/ |publisher=Accrington Stanley F.C.}}</ref> An saki Rose daga West Brom a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2017 |title=Premier League clubs reveal released lists |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/414631/ |access-date=10 June 2017 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> == Southampton == Rose ya koma Southampton a watan Agustan 2017 a kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2017 |title=Saints sign goalkeeper Rose |url=https://southamptonfc.com/news/2017-08-14/jack-rose-signs-for-southampton |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819220253/https://southamptonfc.com/news/2017-08-14/jack-rose-signs-for-southampton |archive-date=19 August 2017 |access-date=29 August 2017 |website=Southampton F.C.}}</ref> kuma ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangilar shekaru biyu a watan Yunin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2018 |title=Eight youngsters sign new professional deals |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2018-06-29/video-academy-youngsters-new-southampton-professional-contracts |access-date=9 July 2019 |website=Southampton F.C.}}</ref> Ya shiga kungiyar walsali a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon lokaci a ranar 8 ga Yulin 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2019 |title=Rose completes Walsall loan move |url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2019-07-08/loan-agreement-jack-rose-southampton-fc-walsall |access-date=9 July 2019 |website=Southampton F.C.}}</ref> == Walsall == A watan Satumbar 2020, Rose ya sanya hannu kan kwangila ta dindindin a Walsall . <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2020 |title=Jack Rose, Emmanuel Osadebe & Hayden White join Walsall |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54015384 |access-date=3 September 2020 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> An saki Rose a ƙarshen kakar 2021-22.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2022 |title=Retained and Released list confirmed |url=https://www.saddlers.co.uk/news/2022/may/retained-and-released-list-confirmed/ |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=www.saddlers.co.uk}}</ref> == Sutton United == A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2022, Rose ya shiga kungiyar sutton United ta League Two bayan ya baro kungiyar Walsall . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2022 |title=Welcome Jack Rose |url=https://www.suttonunited.net/news/2022/july/welcome-jack-rose/ |access-date=1 July 2022 |website=www.suttonunited.net |archive-date=1 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701090830/https://www.suttonunited.net/news/2022/july/welcome-jack-rose/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 2024, Rose ta shiga kungiyar Hednesford Town ta Arewacin Premier League Division One a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2024 |title=Hednesford Town sign Jack Rose |url=https://www.hednesfordtownfc.com/2024/08/hednesford-town-sign-jack-rose |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=www.hednesfordtownfc.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" |+fitowarsa a wasanni ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |West Bromwich Albion |2014–15 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2015–16 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2016–17 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |West Bromwich Albion U23s | colspan="2" |2016–17 EFL Trophy | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |1 |0 |- |Accrington Stanley (loan) |2014–15 |League Two |4 |0 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |8 |0 |- |Crawley Town (loan) |2015–16 |League Two |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Southampton |2017–18 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2018–19 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2019–20 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |Walsall (loan) |2019–20 |League Two |4 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Walsall |2020–21 |League Two |15 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 |18 |0 |- |2021–22 |League Two |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |7 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !22 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !8 !0 !31 !0 |- | rowspan="4" |Sutton United |2022–23 |League Two |37 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |39 |0 |- |2023–24 |League Two |8 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 |1 |0 |12 |0 |- |2024–25 |National League |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !45 !0 !0 !0 !4 !0 !2 !0 !51 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !76 !0 !5 !0 !4 !0 !10 !0 !95 ! |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1995]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 27r9wveprq2ehla38z4q2mrv0y0r9xu 0 92446 840374 607465 2026-05-27T00:56:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Janet Ellen Morgan 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, marubuciya, kuma malama ce da aka sani da shimfidar wurare da kuma kirkirar alloli 150 na asali.[1][2][3] Ayyukanta sun haɗa da ilimin muhalli da fasahar jama'a.[4] Ita ce kuma marubuciya kuma mai zane-zane na littattafan yara.[5][6] == Ilimi == Janet Morgan ta sami BFA daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Janet Ellen Morgan 'y[5][6]Minneapolis da MFA daga Jami'ar Wisconsin a Madison . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Janet Ellen Morgan - Biography |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Janet_Ellen_Morgan/11296538/Janet_Ellen_Morgan.aspx |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=www.askart.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Yankunan da ke da tsarki === === Jerin ''Allah da Allahntaka'' === Morgan's God and Goddess jerin, wanda ya fara a watan Janairun 1988, ya ƙunshi manyan hotuna masu launi na ruwa waɗanda ke murna da fannoni na allahntaka da ɗan adam, suna ba da hanyar ga mai kallo ya ga kansu a matsayin masu tsarki. Jerin ya ƙunshi alloli iri-iri, daga manyan mutane kamar The God of War zuwa wadanda ba su da daraja kamar The Goddess of the Joys of Petty Thievery, har ma da na zamani kamar The Godof Safe Sex ko The Bee Goddess . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=admin |title=Getting Creative with Janet Morgan {{!}} Education at the Rubin |url=http://education.rma2.org/getting-creative-with-janet-morgan |access-date=2024-08-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623072828/http://education.rma2.org/getting-creative-with-janet-morgan |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Fasahar Jama'a === A cikin shekara ta 2010, Morgan ta kirkiro aikin zane-zane na jama'a don cibiyar yara a Queens, New York, wanda makarantun jama'a na New York City suka ba da izini. Wannan aikin, wanda aka tallafawa tare da kasafin kuɗi na $ 50,000, ya ƙunshi ƙirar wasan motsa jiki guda uku. Wadannan kayayyaki an canza su zuwa manyan tiles kuma an shigar da su a cikin stanchions na shinge na makarantar, suna sauyawa tsakanin gefen dama da kuma daidaitawa. Mai tsara wannan aikin shine [[Andrzej Dudziński]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janet Morgan |url=http://www.nycsca.org/Community/Public-Art-for-Public-Schools/Collection/ID/369 |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=NYCSCA Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Art Archive - Make Public Art More Public |url=https://publicartarchive.org:443/art/The-Circus-Comes-to-Town |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=publicartarchive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Circus, PS 273 - CODAworx |url=https://www.codaworx.com/projects/the-circus-ps-new-york-city-department-of-education/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=www.codaworx.com}}</ref> === Gidajen === Morgan ta yi ayyukan fasaha da koyarwa da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TELEPHONE |url=https://phonebook.gallery/artists/janet-morgan |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=phonebook.gallery |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Daga cikin mazaunan akwai Death Valley National Park,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Japenga |first=Ann |date=2011-07-04 |title=Death Valley Children's Book Animates the Arroyos |url=https://www.californiadesertart.com/death-valley-childrens-book-animates-the-arroyos/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=California Desert Art by Ann Japenga |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Japenga |first=Ann |date=2011-10-26 |title=Janet Morgan: Secrets of the Energetic Landscape |url=https://www.californiadesertart.com/janet-morgan-secrets-of-the-energetic-landscape/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=California Desert Art |language=en-US}}</ref> Weir Farm National Historic Site, <ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=3s&v=JfgS89eIISA |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Babayan Cultural Center a Cappadocia, Turkiyya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Willemijn |first=Bouman |date=2012 |title=2nd Babayan Culture House AiR artists video 2010-2012 |url=https://vimeo.com/62059274 |website=Vimeo |page=minute 20:33}}</ref> Hanksville Elementary School a Utah, da kuma Luminous Bodies Residency Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Janet Morgan – Luminous Bodies |url=https://www.luminousbodies.com/2017/10/15/janet-morgan/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |language=en-US}}</ref> Morgan memba ne na yanzu na New York Artists Circle (NYAC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Janet Morgan |url=https://nyartistscircle.com/artists/janet-morgan |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=nyartistscircle.com}}</ref> == Littattafai == Janet Morgan ya rubuta kuma ya kwatanta littattafan yara biyu, Maraba da Mutuwa Valley! <ref>{{Cite web |last=Japenga |first=Ann |date=2011-07-04 |title=Death Valley Children's Book Animates the Arroyos |url=https://www.californiadesertart.com/death-valley-childrens-book-animates-the-arroyos/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=California Desert Art by Ann Japenga |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Japenga |first=Ann |date=2011-06-15 |title=Janet Morgan and Gregory Frux: Bringing Back Expedition Art |url=https://www.californiadesertart.com/janet-morgan-and-gregory-frux-bringing-back-expedition-art/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=California Desert Art by Ann Japenga |language=en-US}}</ref> (2012) da kuma lambar yabo ta Coney Island Awakes (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-11 |title=Coney Island Book Reading and Signing with Susanna Plotnick, Janet Morgan and Dana Humphrey |url=https://www.bwac.org/events/coney-island-book-reading-and-signing-with-susanna-plotnick-janet-morgan-and-dana-humphrey |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Brooklyn Waterfront Artists Coalition |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=OpenLibrary.org |title=Coney Island Awakes by Janet Morgan {{!}} Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL26118506W/Coney_Island_Awakes?edition=#overview |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Open Library |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 20 Book Covers – Childrens Book Cover Award |url=https://childrensbookcoveraward.com/top20bookcovers/ |access-date=2024-08-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240827022537/https://childrensbookcoveraward.com/top20bookcovers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma kwatanta littattafai sama da goma sha huɗu, ciki har da The Sea & Ourselves a Cape Ann na Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1979) da ''Metamorphoses'' na Sheryl St. Germain (2020). Ta kuma kirkiro kundin nune-nunen don nune-nun da yawa ciki har da Quintessence Three Visions don Cibiyar Omega a Rhinebeck, New York. A cikin gabatarwa ga wannan kundin, marubucin Kim Stanley Robinson ya yaba da aikin Morgan, yana mai cewa: == Teaching == Morgan ta koyar a kungiyar Art Students League of New York, Rubin Museum of Art, <ref name=":6"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tapping Into Inner Deities with Janet Morgan – Rubin Museum of Art |url=https://rubinmuseum.org/tapping-into-inner-deities-with-janet-morgan/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=rubinmuseum.org |language=english }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma Cibiyar Omega da Death Valley National Park. <ref name=":0"/> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Expressive Arts Therapist tare da marasa lafiya na ciwon daji a Memorial Sloan Kettering na tsawon shekaru 18. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=What Art Can Do: A Conversation with Janet Morgan |url=https://majesticwisdompublishing.com/what-art-can-do-a-conversation-with-janet-morgan/ |access-date=2024-08-23 |website=Majestic Wisdom Publishing |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cjhtbaj6cvn8jeqbcavys1lmwl6k04e 0 96043 840372 597910 2026-05-27T00:44:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Reflist}} '''Jane Clothier Hunt''' ko '''Jane Clothier Master''' (26 Yuni 1812 - 28 Nuwamba 1889) 'yar Amurka ce wacce ta dauki bakuncin Taron Seneca Falls na Lucretia Mott da Elizabeth Cady Stanton . == Rayuwa == An haifi Hunt a Philadelphia a cikin 1812 ga William da Mary Master . Ta koma Waterloo a New York a 1845 lokacin da ta auri ɗan'uwanta Quaker Richard Pell Hunt, sanannen ɗan kasuwa na gida kuma mai mallakar ƙasa.[1][2] A matsayin Quakers masu ci gaba, Hunt da mijinta sun kasance masu bi da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da abubuwan jin kai. Dukansu biyu sun kasance masu goyon bayan abolitionism da ƙungiyar kare hakkin mata.[1] Gidan Hunt a Waterloo ana zaton ya yi aiki a matsayin tashar Jirgin Ruwa na karkashin kasa, tare da gidan karusa wanda aka canza zuwa tashar hanya ga bayi masu gudu.[2] Kasancewar mata da rawar da take takawa wani muhimmin batu ne na tattaunawa a cikin al'ummar Quaker ta Hunt, kuma ta yi aiki sosai don inganta matsayin mata a cikin coci.<ref name="Dissent">{{Cite journal |last=Lerner |first=Gerda |title=The Meaning of Seneca Falls: 1848-1998 |url=http://opinionarchives.com/files/dissent_womens_hist_month.pdf |journal=Dissent |issue=Fall 1998 |page=36 |access-date=2025-03-14 |archive-date=2017-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417200149/http://opinionarchives.com/files/dissent_womens_hist_month.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hunt na ɗaya daga cikin membobin taron Quaker na kowane wata wanda ya ba da shawarar cire rashin daidaito tsakanin tarurrukan maza da mata da aka bayyana a cikin littafin horo; an karɓi wannan shawarar a matakin yanki a Taron Shekara na Genesee a 1838.<ref name="Radical Quaker">{{Cite web |last=Densmore |first=Christopher |title=Radical Quaker Women and the Early Women's Rights Movement |url=http://web.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/speccoll/quakersandslavery/commentary/themes/radical_quaker_women.php |access-date=6 January 2019 |website=Quakers & Slavery |publisher=Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College}}</ref> Hunt tana da 'ya'ya hudu tare da mijinta (daya ya mutu a lokacin haihuwa), kuma ita ce mahaifiyar Richard ta yara uku daga auren da ya gabata. Richard Hunt ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1856. Bayan mutuwarsa, Hunt ya ci gaba da zama a gidan danginsa. == Taron Seneca Falls == A cikin 1848, Jane Hunt ta kasance daga cikin ƙungiyar mata waɗanda suka gayyaci mai gyara Lucretia Mott don ziyartar New York, tare da Hunt yana ba da gudummawa don karɓar bakuncin taron a gidanta. Mott ta zauna tare da 'yar'uwarta mai ciki, Martha Wright, wacce ke zaune a yankin. Hunt ya gayyaci mata da yawa na Quaker ciki har da Mary Ann M'Clintock da Elizabeth Cady Stanton, wanda ba Quaker ba ne. Ranar a gidan Hunt muhimmiyar ganawa ce tsakanin Mott da Stanton, wadanda suka hadu shekaru takwas da suka gabata a taron yaki da bautar duniya a London. An gayyace su duka zuwa taron amma dole ne su sha wahala daga rashin jin daɗi na zama daban kuma ba a yarda suyi magana ba saboda su mata ne. A sakamakon taron a gidan Hunt a ranar 9 ga Yuli, an amince da shirya taron budewa a Seneca Falls daga baya a cikin watan. Hunt da sauran matan da suka halarci taron sun tsara kira ga masu halarta wanda aka buga a cikin ''Seneca County Courier'' a ranar 14 ga Yuli. <ref name="LoC">{{Cite web |title=Image 1 of National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection copy - The first convention ever called to discuss the civil and political rights of women, Seneca Falls, N.Y., July 19, 20, 1848 |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/27007548/ |access-date=5 January 2019 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> Taron da za a san shi da Yarjejeniyar Seneca Falls an dauke shi taron farko da aka shirya game da haƙƙin mata. Hunt da mijinta sun sanya hannu kan sanarwar jin dadi kuma sun halarci taron. Hunt ta mutu a Birnin [[Chicago]] a shekara ta 1889; an binne jikinta a Waterloo kusa da mijinta. == Kyauta == Ayyukan agaji na Hunt bayan mutuwar mijinta sun haɗa da samar da kuɗin ƙasa don ɗakin sujada na Cocin Saint Paul a Waterloo. Gidan Hunt shafin tarihi ne mai rijista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yocum |first=Barbara A. |title=HUNT HOUSE: Women's Rights National Historical Park Seneca Falls and Waterloo, New York |url=https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/upload/Hunt-House-HSR-partial-draft.pdf |access-date=6 January 2019 |publisher=National Park Service Historic Architecture Program}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Frederick Douglass * Lucretia Mott == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Hursh, Maryamu. "Taron a Seneca Falls - Farawar Motsi na Suffrage. " Syracuse, Indiana: Chautauqua Wawasee, wanda aka samo a kan layi Yuli 11, 2021. [[Rukuni:Haihuwar 1812]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwar 1889]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hj8zgisdnnbgqygiez2xc2y39mhx6k3 0 96522 840292 835117 2026-05-26T15:55:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Irene Peslikis (Oktoba 7, 1943 - Nuwamba 28, 2002) yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, mai fafutuka, kuma malami. Ta kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka fara kafawa da shiryawa a harkar fasahar mata, musamman a gabar tekun gabas == Rayuwa da aiki == Irene Peslikis ta yi rayuwarta a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . An haife ta a cikin dangin masu aiki na Girka a Queens . {{Rp|46}}Ta fara karatunta a fannin fasaha a Cibiyar Pratt bayan ta kammala makarantar sakandare a 1962, kafin ta rabu a cikin 1963 don taimakawa wajen gano Makarantar Zane, Zane da sassaka. Peslikis ta shirya nunin farko na masu fasahar mata na Wave na biyu. <ref name="Baxandall">{{Cite web |last=Rosalyn Baxandall |title=IRENE PESLIKIS. TOO SOON -- A LOSS FOR FEMINISM AND ART |url=http://www.vfa.us/IrenePeslikis.htm |access-date=2014-03-21 |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026002412/http://www.vfa.us/IrenePeslikis.htm |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRosalyn_Baxandall">Rosalyn Baxandall. [http://www.vfa.us/IrenePeslikis.htm "IRENE PESLIKIS. TOO SOON -- A LOSS FOR FEMINISM AND ART"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026002412/http://www.vfa.us/IrenePeslikis.htm |date=2017-10-26 }}<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-03-21</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Mata ta New York, wanda ke gudanar da cikakken shirin ilimin fasaha na mata na mata na tsawon shekaru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=NYFAI |title=Bios of Founders |url=http://www.nyfai.org/boardofdirectors.html |access-date=26 March 2014 |website=Board of Directors}}</ref> Tare da wani mai zane-zane na mata, Patricia Mainardi, Marjorie Kramer da Lucia Vernarelli, Peslikis ya kafa mujallar ''Mata & Art'', wanda ya taimaka wajen sa mai zane Alice Neel ya shahara. <ref name="Baxandall" /> <ref name="HistNote">{{Cite web |last=Jodi Berkowitz |last2=Aisha Peay |year=2008 |title=Historical Note |url=http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/peslikisirene/ |access-date=26 March 2014 |website=Guide to the Irene Peslikis Papers, 1957-2002 and undated}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJodi_BerkowitzAisha_Peay2008">Jodi Berkowitz; Aisha Peay (2008). [http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/peslikisirene/ "Historical Note"]. ''Guide to the Irene Peslikis Papers, 1957-2002 and undated''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance wanda ya kafa [http://nohogallery.net/ NoHo Gallery] a Manhattan, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren fasahar haɗin gwiwar mata na farko. Hotunan zane-zane na siyasa, sun yadu a farkon shekarun Mata na 'Yancin Mata & an buga su a cikin mujallu na mata da kuma cikin tarin ƙungiyoyin mata kamar [https://books.google.com/books/about/Dear_Sisters_Dispatches_From_The_Women_s.html?id=2uMwEGfAMSQC Dear Sisters: Dispatches from the Women's Liberation Movement] . Peslikis ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin membobin farko na Redstockings, jagoran ƙungiyar mata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da wayar da kan jama'a a birnin New York da kuma memba na ƙungiyar farko [[Ƙungiyar Mata Masu Tsattsauran Ra'ayi na New York|ta New York Radical Women]] kuma ya kasance babban mai tsarawa kuma mai shiga cikin Redstocking zubar da ciki ya yi magana a Washington Square Methodist Church a 1969. Ta kuma kasance mai ƙwazo a cikin al'ummar Girka. == Koyarwa == Peslikis ya koyar da darussa kan zane-zane, zane-zane, zane-zane na gani, taron mata da zane-zane na zane-zane, da kuma ra'ayoyi na zamani game da fasaha a yawancin makarantun gaba da sakandare ciki har da Kwalejin City na New York, Kwalejin Staten Island, Kwalejin New Rochelle da Kwalejin Ramapo. <ref name="HistNote"/> == Rubuce-rubuce a kan mata da fasaha == Peslikis ya rubuta "Juriya ga Hankali" (wanda aka buga a cikin Bayanan kula daga shekara ta biyu), takarda mai mahimmanci don fahimtar haɓakawa da kuma juriya na mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=June 1969: A Blast of Redstockings Feminism |url=http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98 |access-date=2014-03-21 |publisher=Redstockings.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{Rp|200}}Ta kuma ba da gudummawa ga Archives of American Art "Art World in Turmoil" aikin tarihin baka tare da Patricia Mainardi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives of American Art |author-link=Archives of American Art |title=Oral history interview with Patricia Mainardi and Irene Peslikis, 1972 |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-patricia-mainardi-and-irene-peslikis-12140 |access-date=2014-03-21 |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]}}</ref> Ta buga guda kan fasaha da tarihin fasaha da suka a cikin Rozinanta, Demokratia da Eleftheri-Patrida. <ref name="Baxandall"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.nyfai.org Cibiyar Fasaha ta Mata ta New York] * [http://www.vfa.us/IrenePeslikis.htm Irene Peslikis: Ba da daɗewa ba - Asara ga Feminism da Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026002412/http://www.vfa.us/IrenePeslikis.htm |date=2017-10-26 }} * [http://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/findingaids/peslikisirene/ Jagora ga Takardun Irene Peslikis] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2002]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rfr3o9klyfgum7azvibpa4zjkzsh2s3 0 96692 840370 616203 2026-05-27T00:33:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jane Asiimwe Muhindo''', 'yar siyasar [[Uganda|ƙasar Uganda]] ce kuma ma'aikacin'yar gwamnati, wanda a watan Agustan 2024, aka naɗa ta a matsayin Kwamishiniyar Birnin (RCC) na [[Kampala]], babban birnin Uganda. Kafin haka ita ce Hakimar gundumar (RDC) na gundumar Rwampara, a cikin yankin Ankole. Ta maye gurbin Amina Lukanga wanda aka mayar da ita gundumar Mbarara, a cikin wannan matsayi. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Kenneth Kazibwe |date=19 August 2024 |title=Museveni reshuffles RDCs |url=https://www.nilepost.co.ug/top-stories/212414/museveni-reshuffles-rdcs |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haife ta a gundumar Kasese, a cikin Yankin Yammacin Uganda kamar: ƙarshen 1980s. Ita ce 'yar marigayi Sowedi Bwambale da Dorothy Kagugo. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Alex Mugasha |date=24 August 2024 |title=Jane Muhindo: A Small Package From Kasese Ready To Lift Kampala's RCC Weight |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/features/213213 |access-date=25 August 2024 |website=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref> Ta yi makarantar firamare ta Railway, Kasese sai Celak Vocational School, Kasese inda ta yi karatun sakandare. Ta yi karatu kuma ta samu Diploma a Sakandaren Kasese. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=21 August 2024 |title=Here's All You Need To Know About Jane Muhindo The Former Kasese Speaker M7 Has Made Kampala RCC |url=https://mulengeranews.com/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-jane-muhindo-the-former-kasese-speaker-m7-has-made-kla-rcc/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |website=Mulengera News (Mulengera) |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822153326/https://mulengeranews.com/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-jane-muhindo-the-former-kasese-speaker-m7-has-made-kla-rcc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2011 ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar shahidan Uganda|Jami'ar Shuhada ta Uganda]] a Nkozi, gundumar Mpigi. A shekarar 2018 ta yi wani ɗan gajeren kwas a fannin ''Gudanarwa da aiwatar da manufofin gwamnati'' a [[Jami'ar Makerere]], A shekara ta gaba, ta kammala horon jagoranci da gudanar da mulki a ''Cibiyar Shugabanci ta ƙasa Kyankwanzi'', a gundumar Kyankwanzi. <ref name="3R"/> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 2011, an zaɓi Muhindo a matsayin kansila na matasa a Majalisar gundumar Kasese, tana aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 2016. Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar kakakin majalisar gundumar Kasese, tsakanin shekarun 2014 da 2018. <ref name="2R"/> <ref name="3R"/> Daga nan aka naɗa ta Hakimin gundumar Bunyangabu, tana yin wannan muƙamin har zuwa shekara ta 2021. An canza ta zuwa gundumar Bushenyi, daga baya kuma zuwa gundumar Rwampara, a cikin wannan matsayi. <ref name="2R"/> <ref name="3R"/> <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=KGR |date=19 May 2020 |title=The Buanyangabu Resident District Commissioner, Ms Jane Asiimwe on displaced people |url=https://kaseseguideradio.com/the-buanyangabu-resident-district-commissioner-ms-jane-asiimwe-muhindo-has-said-it-was-early-for-the-internally-displaced-people-to-think-of-the-government-decision-over-their-fate/ |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=Kasese Guide Radio (KGR)}}</ref> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=New Vision |date=6 May 2021 |title=Don't Fight Over Emyooga Money, Bushenyi RDC Cautions |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/business/dont-fight-over-emyooga-money-bushenyi-rdc-ca-NV_101209/ |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Agustan 2024, shugaban ƙasar Uganda a cikin wani sauyi na RDCs ɗin sa mai suna Jane Asiimwe Muhindo a matsayin sabuwar kwamishina mazauna birnin Kampala, daga ranar. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Joackim Kule and Michael Thembo Muhayirwa |date=19 August 2024 |title=Jane Asiimwe Muhindo appointed as the Resident City Commissioner for Kampala City |url=https://messiahradio.co.ug/jane-asiimwe-muhindo-appointed-as-the-resident-city-commissioner-for-kampala-city/ |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=Messiah Radio (Uganda) |archive-date=23 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823152818/https://messiahradio.co.ug/jane-asiimwe-muhindo-appointed-as-the-resident-city-commissioner-for-kampala-city/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sauran la'akari == Haɓaka saurin da ta samu a cikin kwamishinar mazauni a ƙasar ana iya danganta ta da sadaukar da kai ga ayyukanta. A gundumar Bunyangabo, an ba da rahoton cewa ta sadaukar da kai da aiwatar da daidaitattun hanyoyin aiki (SOPs) da aka kafa don shawo kan [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|cutar ta COVID-19]]. A gundumar Bushenyi, ta kasance mai himma wajen inganta ilimin firamare na duniya (UPE). A gundumar Rwampara, ta kasance mai himma sosai wajen magance rikice-rikicen ƙasa da tabbatar da cewa kuɗin da ake nufi don shirye-shiryen zamantakewa na gwamnati; Emyooga da Samfurin Ci Gaban Parish (PDM) ya kai ga waɗanda aka yi niyya kuma masu kula da siyasa ba sa sace su. <ref name="2R"/> <ref name="3R"/> == Duba kuma == * Jennifer Musisi * [[Dorothy Kisaka]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 78osdo5g0bpih8u5saf1e6odfv05ac8 0 97252 840314 607567 2026-05-26T20:30:14Z Aboubacarkhoraa 18444 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:KM US Open 2017.jpg]] → [[File:Kgothatso Montjane KM US Open 2017.jpg]] 840314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kgothatso Montjane''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni 1986) 'yar wasan tennis ce na keken hannu na Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta zama bakar fata ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu da ta yi nasara a Wimbledon lokacin da ta lashe gasar wasan keken guragu sau biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vardien |first=Tashreeq |title=Wimbledon glory for SA's Montjane in wheelchair women's doubles |url=https://www.news24.com/sport/tennis/wimbledon/wimbledon-glory-for-sas-montjane-in-wheelchair-womens-doubles-with-kamiji-of-japan-20240714 |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Sport |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Montjane a Seshego a gefen Polokwane, Limpopo tare da rashin lafiya na haihuwa wanda ya shafi hannayenta biyu da ƙafa tare da ɗayan ƙafar da aka yanke ta shekaru 12. <ref name="stampa">{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2013 |title=Kgothatso Montjane, l'atleta sudafricana che sogna di fare la storia del tennis in carrozzina |trans-title=Kgothatso Montjane, the South African athlete who dreams of making the history of Wheelchair Tennis |url=http://www.lastampa.it/2016/09/10/sport/kgothatso-montjane-latleta-sudafricana-che-sogna-di-fare-la-storia-del-tennis-in-carrozzina-NujG879WFSOUze5mQAWq2H/pagina.html |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=lastampa.it |publisher=[[La Stampa]] |language=Italian}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[Fayil:Kgothatso Montjane KM US Open 2017.jpg|left|thumb| Montjane a 2017 US Open]] Montjane ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan tennis ce na keken hannu wanda aka sanya ta a cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 na ITF. Matsayinta mafi girma shine ta kasance 5 a duniya a shekarar 2005. <ref name="ITF">{{Cite web |title=Kgothatso Montjane ITF profile |url=http://www.itftennis.com/wheelchair/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=100099915 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=itftennis.com}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan naƙasassu ta Afirka ta Kudu sau uku, a shekarun 2005, 2011 da 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2011 |title=South African Sports Awards honours top performers |url=http://www.gov.za/south-african-sports-awards-honours-top-performers |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=gov.zaa |publisher=[[South African Government]]}}</ref> Montjane tana riƙe da taken (titles) guda 29 kuma ta lashe gasa kamar wasan keken hannu Belgian Open da Swiss Open. <ref name="ITF" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kgothatso Montjane wins Swiss Open |url=http://citizen.co.za/435902/kgothatso-montjane-wins-swiss-open/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224043600/http://citizen.co.za/435902/kgothatso-montjane-wins-swiss-open/ |archive-date=24 December 2015 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=citizen.co.za |publisher=[[The Citizen (South Africa)|The Citizen]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, ta yi nasara a cikin nau'i-nau'i, inda ta yi nasara, da sauransu, Belgian Open a shekarar 2015 tare da Jordanne Whiley. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordanne Whiley: Wimbledon champion wins sixth title of 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/disability-sport/33777305 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=bbc.com |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2013 da 2014, ta shiga cikin matsayi na 3 daga cikin gasa na Grand Slam 4, Australian Open, Roland Garros da US Open, inda ta sami damar kaiwa matakin kwata fainal da na kusa da na karshe a cikin 'yan wasa guda da na kusa da na ƙarshe a duk gasa ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kgothatso Montjane Player Profile Australien Open |url=http://www.ausopen.com/en_AU/players/overview/wwc000034.html |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=ausopen.com}}</ref> Ta kasance memba a cikin tawagar Afirka ta Kudu a shekarun 2008, [[2012 Summer Paralympics|2012]] da 2016 Summer Paralympics, amma ba ta iya samun lambar yabo ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucas Sithole Remains South Africa's Last Tennis Hope At Paralympics |url=http://afkinsider.com/132583/lucas-sithole-remains-south-africas-last-tennis-hope-at-paralympics/ |access-date=September 14, 2013 |website=afkinsider.com }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="stampa"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2016 |title=Wheelchair tennis quartet ready for Rio |url=http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/84d1b1804d9c837181d1fbcfeb4bc468/Wheelchair-tennis-quartet-ready-for-Rio-20162407 |access-date=September 14, 2016 |website=sabc.co.za |publisher=[[South African Broadcasting Corporation]]}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020}}</ref> Bayan kasancewarta 'yar wasan nakasassu, ta kasance 'yar wasan cin kofin duniya ta 2009 da 2011 a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2013 |title=Kgothatso Montjane |url=http://africastyledaily.com/sports/2013/07/08/kgothatso-montjane-wheelchair-tennis-star-defeats-odds-and-makes-history/ |access-date=July 14, 2013 |website=africastyledaily.com |archive-date=September 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903105453/http://africastyledaily.com/sports/2013/07/08/kgothatso-montjane-wheelchair-tennis-star-defeats-odds-and-makes-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa's sports awards nominees are announced |url=http://www.southafrica.info/news/sport/sports-awards-nominess-091115.htm |access-date=September 14, 2013 |website=southafrica.info}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matlou named Sportswoman of the Year |url=http://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/matlou-named-sportswoman-year |access-date=September 14, 2013 |website=sanews.gov.za |publisher=Official government News Agency}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2018, ta sami nasarar cancantar shiga gasar Wimbledon mai daraja, a matsayin mace baƙar fata ta farko ta Afirka ta Kudu da ta yi hakan. A wannan shekarar, ta kuma shiga gasar US Open, don haka ta zama 'yar wasan tennis ta keken hannu ta farko a Afirka da ta samu tikitin shiga gasar Grand Slam guda huɗu a cikin wannan shekarar. <ref name="espn">{{Cite web |title=Kgothatso Montjane found wheelchair tennis and it opened up a whole new world |url=http://www.espn.com/tennis/story/_/page/wheelchair-0906/2018-us-open-kgothatso-montjane-found-wheelchair-tennis-opened-whole-new-world-us-open |access-date=March 9, 2019 |website=espn.com |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2021, ta kai wasan ƙarshe na Grand Slam na farko a cikin guda kuma ta ninka sau biyu a Wimbledon. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sibembe |first=Yanga |date=2021-07-12 |title=Double disappointment at Wimbledon for history-making tennis star Kgothatso Montjane |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-12-double-disappointment-at-wimbledon-for-history-making-tennis-star-kgothatso-montjane/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2023, ta lashe gasar French Open da US Open na keken hannu tare da abokin tarayya Yui Kamiji. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beckett-Msiza |first=Janice |title=Kgothatso Montjane reflects on winning two Grand Slams in one year: ‘It came as a surprise’ |url=https://www.news24.com/you/news/local/kgothatso-montjane-reflects-on-winning-two-grand-slams-in-one-year-it-came-as-a-surprise-20231002-2 |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=You |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gasar karshe ta Grand Slam == === Masu keken guragu: 1 (1 wacce ta zo ta biyu) === {| class="sortable wikitable" !Sakamako ! Shekara ! style="width:130px;" | Gasar Zakarun Turai ! style="width:20px;" | Surface ! style="width:160px;" | Abokin hamayya ! class="unsortable" style="width:150px;" | Ci |- style="background:#cfc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" | Asara | 2021 | Wimbledon | Ciyawa |{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Diede de Groot|Sunan mahaifi Groot]] | 2–6, 2–6 |} === Sau biyu na keken guragu: 11 (3 titles, wacce ta zo ta 8) === {| class="sortable wikitable" !Result !Year ! style="width:130px;" |Championship ! style="width:20px;" |Surface ! style="width:160px;" |Partner ! style="width:160px;" |Opponents ! class="unsortable" style="width:150px;" |Score |- style="background:#ccccff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2019 |US Open |Hard |{{Flagicon|GER}} [[Sabine Ellerbrock]] |{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Diede de Groot]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Aniek van Koot]] |2–6, 0–6 |- style="background:#ffffcc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2021 |Australian Open |Hard |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Lucy Shuker]] |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} [[Jiske Griffioen]] |4–6, 1–6 |- style="background:#ccffcc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2021 |Wimbledon |Grass |{{Flagicon|GBR}} Lucy Shuker |{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Yui Kamiji]]<br /><br />{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Jordanne Whiley]] |0–6, 6–7<sup>(0–7)</sup> |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2022 |French Open |Clay |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} Aniek van Koot |6–7<sup>(5–7)</sup>, 6–1, [8–10] |- style="background:#ccccff;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2022 |US Open |Hard |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} Aniek van Koot |2–6, 2–6 |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2023 |French Open |Clay |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|ARG}} María Florencia Moreno |6–2, 6–3 |- style="background:#ccffcc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2023 |Wimbledon |Grass |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} Jiske Griffioen |1–6, 4–6 |- style="background:#ccccff;" | style="background:#98fb98;" |Win |2023 |US Open |Hard |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} Jiske Griffioen |''walkover'' |- style="background:#ffffcc;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2024 |Australian Open |Hard |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} Jiske Griffioen |3–6, 6–7<sup>(2–7)</sup> |- style="background:#ebc2af;" | style="background:#ffa07a;" |Loss |2024 |French Open |Clay |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} Aniek van Koot |7–6<sup>(8–6)</sup>, 6–7<sup>(2–7)</sup>, [4–10] |- style="background:#ccffcc;" | bgcolor="#98fb98" |Win |2024 |Wimbledon |Grass |{{Flagicon|JPN}} Yui Kamiji |{{Flagicon|NED}} Diede de Groot<br /><br />{{Flagicon|NED}} Jiske Griffioen |6-4, 6-4 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] nzdknjhim8s0rfyfw1pzbx87i9z9aig 0 97696 840380 706320 2026-05-27T02:38:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Muheesi_Abaho_Jenifer.jpg|thumb| Muheesi Abaho Jenifer]] '''Jenifer Abaho Muheesi''' ita ce 'yar majalisar wakilai ta mata 'yar ƙasar [[Uganda]] a gundumar Kazo a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar National Resistance Movement (NRM) a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swearing-in of MPs: Check out the final day in 72 pictures |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/103164 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=130 MPs set to be sworn-in on Wednesday |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102890 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swearing-in of MPs: Check out the final day in 72 pictures |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/103234 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120035845/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/103234 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bays ilimi == Jenifer ta zauna a don rubuta jarrabawar samun da takardar shedar ilimi ta Uganda daga Makarantar Sakandaren Mata ta Kibura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swearing-in of MPs: Check out the final day in 72 pictures |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/103164 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=130 MPs set to be sworn-in on Wednesday |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102890 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Swearing-in of MPs: Check out the final day in 72 pictures |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/103234 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2025-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120035845/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/103234 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf |title=MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021-2026) |publisher=Parliament of the republic of Uganda |year=2021 |location=Uganda |pages=11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Rwaburibate Muheesi, Aspiring Woman MP 2021-2026, Kazo District |url=http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=385 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=www.ugandadecides.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rigingimu == Tsohuwar Ministar Kula da Tattalin Arziki ta Ƙasa, Molly Kamukama <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-25 |title=Peter Ogwang assumes office as State Minister for Economic Monitoring |url=http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/25/peter-ogwang-assumes-office-as-state-minister-for-economic-monitoring/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> ta shigar da ƙarar hana Jennifer Muheesi a matsayin mai rike da tutar jam’iyyar NRM ga ‘yar majalisar wakilai ta Matar Kazo. Kotun da ke Mbarara ta yi watsi da hakan inda ta yi ikirarin cewa jam'iyyar Resistance Movement ta National Resistance Movement ta tafka kura-kurai bayan da aka doke Molly. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-14 |title=Museveni's ex PPS Kamukama rejected by court, and NRM CEC |url=http://nilepost.co.ug/2020/10/14/musevenis-ex-pps-kamukama-rejected-by-court-and-nrm-cec/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-10-08 |title=High court dismisses minister Kamukama's petition blocking nomination of NRM flag bearer |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/high-court-dismisses-minister-kamukamas-petition-blocking-nomination-of-nrm-flag-bearer/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-11 |title=Minister Kamukama Narrowly Loses in Kazo NRM Primaries |url=https://chimpreports.com/minister-kamukama-narrowly-loses-in-kazo-nrm-primaries/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministers, Rukutana, Elioda, Kamukama, deny bowing out of race |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1531838 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=6 October 2020 |title=MINISTER KAMUKAMA SEEKS COURT ORDER TO BLOCK OPPONENT MUHEESI'S NOMINATION – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/minister-kamukama-seeks-court-order-to-block-opponent-muheesis-nomination/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309005827/https://mulengeranews.com/minister-kamukama-seeks-court-order-to-block-opponent-muheesis-nomination/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-12 |title=NRM Polls: Molly Kamukama Stings Odoi Over 'Wrong' Results - |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/09/nrm-polls-molly-kamukama-stings-odoi-over-wrong-results/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125025600/https://www.redpepper.co.ug/2020/09/nrm-polls-molly-kamukama-stings-odoi-over-wrong-results/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi == # [http://www.parliament.go.ug/ Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Uganda] # Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma sha daya na Uganda == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2s7mwidjmkxt2dodz186s68j8zit40k 0 98644 840286 636204 2026-05-26T14:38:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Auntie Muni''' (an haife ta '''Imoro Muniratu''', 1951/1952 - 3 Janairu 2024) ta kasance 'yar ƙasar Ghana ce mai siyar da abinci ta shahara da ita [[waakye]], sanannen abinci na Ghana wanda ya ƙunshi shinkafa da wake. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2024 |title=Renowned waakye seller Auntie Muni passes away aged 72 - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/renowned-waakye-seller-auntie-muni-passes-away-aged-72/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2024 |title=Famous Ghanaian waakye seller Auntie Muni is dead |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Famous-Ghanaian-waakye-seller-Auntie-Muni-is-dead-1906919 |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Popular Waakye seller Auntie Muni has passed on |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1283292/popular-waakye-seller-auntie-muni-has-passed.html}}</ref> Ta yi aikin rumfarta a [[Accra]], Ghana, sama da shekaru 35, ta zama abin ƙauna kuma ta samu karɓuwa a ƙasa saboda kwarewarta na dafa abinci da kyawawan halaye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Auntie Muni the famous Ghanaian waakye seller in Accra passes away at age 72 - Graphic Online |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/auntie-muni-the-famous-ghanaian-waakye-seller-in-accra-passes-on-at-age-72.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dzakpata |first=Fred |date=3 January 2024 |title=Celebrated waakye seller Auntie Muni has died |url=https://www.asaaseradio.com/celebrated-waakye-seller-auntie-muni-has-died/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Asaase Radio |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2024 |title=Popular Waakye seller Auntie Muni dead |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2024/01/popular-waakye-seller-auntie-muni-dead/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> An san ana jerin gwano a rumfarta a Accra. Ta rasu ne a asibiti bayan gajeruwar rashin lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=razak.bawa |date=2024-01-03 |title=Popular Wakye seller, Auntie Muni, dies at 72 |url=https://theheraldghana.com/popular-wakye-seller-auntie-muni-dies-at-72/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Herald ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar ɗanta Araphat, mai yiwuwa an ba da magani ba daidai ba a Asibitin farko. == Biyan QR a Anti Muni == A ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, 2020, mataimakin shugaban Ghana, Mahamudu Bawumia ya ƙaddamar da tsarin na Ghana na Universal Quick Response Code (QR Code) a haɗin gwiwar Auntie Muni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=info@theghanareport.com |first=Aba Asamoah / |date=19 November 2020 |title=Bawumia buys Auntie Muni's waakye with QR Code as Ghana launches payment system |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/bawumia-buys-auntie-munis-waakye-with-qr-code-as-ghana-launches-payment-system/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104082344/https://www.theghanareport.com/bawumia-buys-auntie-munis-waakye-with-qr-code-as-ghana-launches-payment-system/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=19 November 2020 |title=Veep uses Universal QR Code to buy waakye |url=https://gna.org.gh/2020/11/veep-uses-universal-qr-code-to-buy-waakye/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Dr Bawumia Buys Waakye To Demonstrate How Universal QR Code Is Used For Non-banking Transaction |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/business/news/202011/432847.php |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104082343/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/business/news/202011/432847.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=19 November 2020 |title=Dr.Bawumia unveils Ghana's QR Code, buys waakye by the roadside |url=https://www.thespectatoronline.com/dr-bawumia-unveils-ghanas-qr-code-buys-waakye-by-the-roadside/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=The Spectator |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa == Muniratu ta fito ne daga birnin [[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]], a [[Yankin Arewaci (Ghana)|yankin Arewacin]] Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Popular waakye seller Auntie Muni to be buried in Tamale |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1283373/popular-waakye-seller-auntie-muni-to-be-buried.html}}</ref> Ita musulma ce. Muniratu ta rasu ne a ranar 3 ga watan Janairu, 2024, tana da shekaru 72. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Larnyoh |first=Magdalene |date=4 January 2024 |title=Emotional moment as mourners gather to bid Auntie Muni farewell |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/248762-emotional-farewell-hundreds-gather-cantonments-mosque-bid-goodbye-auntie-muni/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2024 |title=Watch as scores of mourners besiege Cantonments Police Mosque to bid farewell to the late Auntie Muni |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Watch-as-scores-of-mourners-besiege-Cantonments-Police-Mosque-to-bid-farewell-to-the-late-Auntie-Muni-1907144 |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> An yi jana'izar Hajiya Imoro Muniratu wacce aka fi sani da auntie Muni a ranar Lahadi 21 ga watan Janairun 2025 bayan kammala sallar addinin Musulunci ta ƙarshe ga Anti Muniat a masallacin 'yan sanda na Kantonment. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=Final funeral rites for Auntie Muni announced - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/final-funeral-rites-for-auntie-muni-announced/ |access-date=2025-03-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] 04qgzi9fs19odfe2hc918amcdrzjdkb 0 98780 840288 835106 2026-05-26T15:04:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Rosette_sampler_EPA.gif|right|thumb|Ana amfani da Samfurin rosette don tattara samfurori na ruwa a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, kamar Great Lakes ko teku, don gwajin ingancin ruwa.]] Ingancin ruwa yana nufin sinadarai, jiki, da halayen ruwa dangane da ka'idojin amfani da shi.<ref name="water quality">{{Cite web |last=Cordy |first=Gail E. |date=March 2001 |title=A Primer on Water Quality |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-027-01/ |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) |id=FS-027-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=D. L. |last2=Ambrose |first2=S. H. |last3=Bassett |first3=T. J. |last4=Bowen |first4=M. L. |last5=Crummey |first5=D. E. |last6=Isaacson |first6=J. S. |last7=Johnson |first7=D. N. |last8=Lamb |first8=P. |last9=Saul |first9=M. |last10=Winter-Nelson |first10=A. E. |year=1997 |title=Meanings of Environmental Terms |journal=Journal of Environmental Quality |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=581–589 |bibcode=1997JEnvQ..26..581J |doi=10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600030002x}}</ref> Ana amfani dashi akai-akai ta hanyar ambaton saitin ka'idoji wanda za'a iya kimanta bin doka, gabaɗaya ta hanyar magani ruwa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://oceanfdn.org/ha/diflomasiya-kimiyyar-teku/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-27 |archive-date=2025-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030101850/https://oceanfdn.org/ha/diflomasiya-kimiyyar-teku/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ka'idodin da aka fi amfani da su don saka idanu da kimanta ingancin ruwa suna nuna lafiyar yanayin halittu, aminci hulɗar mutum, girman gurɓataccen ruwa da yanayin ruwan sha. Ingancin ruwa yana da tasiri sosai akan samar da ruwa kuma sau da yawa yana ƙayyade zaɓuɓɓukan samarwa. == Tasirin lafiyar jama'a == A tsawon lokaci, ana samun karuwar fahimtar mahimmancin ingancin ruwan sha da tasirinsa ga lafiyar jama'a.  Wannan ya haifar da karuwar kariya da sarrafa ingancin ruwa Fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin ingancin ruwa da kiwon lafiya na ci gaba da girma kuma yana nuna sabbin matsalolin kiwon lafiya: daga tasirin Cututtukan cututtuka masu yaduwa akan ci gaban yara ta hanyar raguwa zuwa sabbin shaidu akan cutar daga sanannun gurbatawa, kamar Manganese tare da karuwar shaidar Neurotoxicity a cikin yara. Bugu da kari, akwai batutuwan ingancin ruwa da yawa - kamar su microplastics, mahaɗan perfluorinated, da juriya ta antimicrobial.<ref name=":0" /> == Matsayi == Ana ƙayyade sigogi don ingancin ruwa ta hanyar amfani da aka yi niyya.  Aiki a fannin ingancin ruwa yakan mayar da hankali kan ruwan da ake bi da shi don samun ƙarfi, masana'antu/amfani da gida, ko maidowa (na muhalli/tsarin muhalli, gabaɗaya don lafiyar ɗan adam/ta ruwa). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-10 |title=Other Uses and Types of Water |url=https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/other/index.html |publisher=US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)}}</ref> === Amfani da Mutum === [[Fayil:Chemical_contamination_of_drinking_water.jpg|thumb|Yankin da na kasa gurɓata ruwan sha ta hanyar nau'in sinadarai da girman yawan jama'a a cikin haɗarin fallasawa]] Gurɓatattun abubuwan da za su iya kasancewa cikin ruwan da ba a kula da su ba sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta, protozoa da ƙwayoyin cuta;  gurɓatattun abubuwa kamar gishiri da karafa;  gurbataccen sinadarai na kwayoyin halitta daga hanyoyin masana'antu da amfani da man fetur;  magungunan kashe qwari da ciyawa;  da kuma gurɓataccen rediyo.  Ingancin ruwa ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa da yanayin muhalli, da kuma amfani da ɗan adam kamar tarwatsawar najasa, gurɓataccen masana'antu, amfani da ruwa a matsayin matattarar zafi, da yin amfani da yawa (wanda zai iya rage matakin ruwa).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is water quality? Eight key characteristics |url=https://waterrangers.ca/what-is-water-quality/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Water Rangers |language=en-US}}</ref> (EPA) ta iyakance adadin wasu gurbataccen ruwa a cikin Ruwan famfo da Tsarin ruwa na jama'a na Amurka ya bayar. Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsarki ta ba da izini ga EPA don bayar da nau'ikan ka'idoji guda biyu: * ''ka'idoji na farko'' suna tsara abubuwan da zasu iya shafar lafiyar ɗan adam; <ref name="EPA DW reqts">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2022-09-20 |title=Drinking Water Regulations |url=https://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/drinking-water-regulations |website=Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems |publisher=EPA}}</ref> * ka'idojin sakandare suna ba da halaye masu kyau, waɗanda ke shafar dandano, ƙanshi, ko bayyanar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2022-02-17 |title=Secondary Drinking Water Standards: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals |url=https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/secondary-drinking-water-standards-guidance-nuisance-chemicals |publisher=EPA}}</ref> Dokokin Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) sun kafa iyakoki ga gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin kwalba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2018-09-22 |title=FDA Regulates the Safety of Bottled Water Beverages Including Flavored Water and Nutrient-Added Water Beverages |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/BuyStoreServeSafeFood/ucm046894.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414233847/http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/BuyStoreServeSafeFood/ucm046894.htm |archive-date=14 April 2013 |website=Food Facts for Consumers |publisher=U.S. Food and Drug Administration}}</ref> Ruwan sha, gami da ruwan kwalba, ana iya sa ran ya ƙunshi aƙalla ƙananan abubuwa masu gurɓata. Kasancewar waɗannan gurɓataccen abu ba lallai bane ya nuna cewa ruwa yana haifar da haɗarin lafiya. A cikin birane a duniya, ana amfani da fasahar tsarkake ruwa a cikin tsarin ruwa na birni don cire gurɓataccen ruwa daga tushen ruwa (ruwa na sama ko [[Ruwa na kasa|Ruwa na ƙasa]]) kafin a rarraba shi ga gidaje, kasuwanci, makarantu da sauran masu karɓa. Ruwa da aka samo kai tsaye daga rafi, tafki, ko ruwa kuma wanda ba shi da magani zai kasance mai inganci ba dangane da potability. Nauyin ruwan sha mai gurɓataccen ruwa yana haifar da yawan mutanen da ba su da wakilci da masu rauni. Al'ummomin da ba su da waɗannan ayyukan ruwan sha mai tsabta suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan da ke tattare da ruwa da gurɓataccen yanayi kamar Kwalara, [[Gudawa|zawo]], dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, da cutar shan inna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-21 |title=Drinking-water |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water |publisher=WHO |id=Fact sheet}}</ref> Wadannan al'ummomin galibi suna cikin yankuna masu karamin karfi, inda ake fitar da ruwan da ba a san shi ba a cikin tashar ruwa mai zurfi ko ruwa mai zurfin ba tare da isasshen magani ba, ko kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin ban ruwa. === Amfani da masana'antu da na gida === ions da aka narke na iya shafar dacewa da ruwa don dalilai daban-daban na masana'antu da na gida. Mafi sanannun waɗannan tabbas shine kasancewar calcium (Ca2 +) da Magnesium (Mg2 +) wanda ke tsoma baki tare da aikin tsaftacewa na [[sabulu]], kuma yana iya samar da sulfate mai wuya da [[Yayafi|ajiya]] carbonate mai laushi a cikin masu dumama ruwa ko boilers. Ana iya sauƙaƙa ruwa mai wuya don cire waɗannan ions. Tsarin taushi sau da yawa yana maye gurbin sodium cations. Ga wasu al'ummomi, ruwa mai wuya na iya zama mafi kyau ga ruwa mai laushi saboda matsalolin kiwon lafiya suna da alaƙa da rashi na calcium da kuma yawan sodium. Bukatar ƙarin calcium da magnesium a cikin ruwa ya dogara da yawan mutanen da ake tambaya saboda mutane gabaɗaya suna gamsar da adadin da aka ba da shawarar ta hanyar abinci. : 99, 115, 377 {{Rp|99, 115, 377}} === Ingancin ruwa na muhalli ===   '''Ingancin ruwa na muhalli''', wanda kuma ake kira '''ingancin ruwa na yanayi,''' yana da alaƙa da ruwa kamar Tekuna, [[Kogin|koguna]], da teku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-28 |title=Supplemental Module: Human Health Ambient Water Quality Criteria |url=https://www.epa.gov/wqs-tech/supplemental-module-human-health-ambient-water-quality-criteria |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015033851/http://www2.epa.gov/wqs-tech/supplemental-module-human-health-ambient-water-quality-criteria |archive-date=15 October 2015 |publisher=EPA}}</ref> Matsayin ingancin ruwa don ruwan sama ya bambanta sosai saboda yanayin muhalli daban-daban, yanayin halittu, da kuma amfani da mutum. Abubuwan guba da yawan jama'a na wasu kwayoyin cuta na iya gabatar da haɗarin lafiya don dalilai marasa sha kamar ban ruwa, iyo, kamun kifi, rafting, jirgin ruwa, da amfani da masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adlish |first=John I. |last2=Costa |first2=Davide |last3=Mainardi |first3=Enrico |last4=Neuhold |first4=Piero |last5=Surrente |first5=Riccardo |last6=Tagliapietra |first6=Luca J. |date=2020-10-31 |title=Polyethylene Identification in Ocean Water Samples by Means of 50 keV Energy Electron Beam |journal=Instruments |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=32 |arxiv=2009.03763 |doi=10.3390/instruments4040032 |quote=Plastic is the most common type of marine debris found in oceans, and it is the most widespread problem affecting the marine environment. It also threatens ocean health, food safety and quality, human health, and coastal tourism, and it contributes to climate change |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadannan yanayi na iya shafar namun daji, wanda ke amfani da ruwa don sha ko a matsayin mazaunin. A cewar EPA, dokokin ingancin ruwa gabaɗaya suna ƙayyade kariya ga kamun kifi da amfani da nishaɗi kuma suna buƙatar, a matsayin mafi ƙaranci, riƙe ƙa'idodin ingancin yanzu. A wasu wurare, yanayin ingancin ruwa da ake so sun haɗa da babban adadin iskar oxygen, ƙananan chlorophyll-a, da kuma tsabtace ruwa mai yawa.<ref name="Tango">{{Cite journal |last=Tango |first=Peter J. |last2=Batiuk |first2=Richard A. |date=2013-09-04 |title=Deriving Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards |journal=JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association |publisher=Wiley |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1007–1024 |bibcode=2013JAWRA..49.1007T |doi=10.1111/jawr.12108 |issn=1093-474X |s2cid=102492027}}</ref> Akwai sha'awar da jama'a ke yi na dawo da jikin ruwa zuwa yanayin da ya dace, ko yanayin masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watershed Restoration Program |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/restoration/Watershed_Restoration/ |access-date=2022-10-05 |publisher=US Forest Service}}</ref> Yawancin dokokin muhalli na yanzu suna mai da hankali kan sanya takamaiman amfani da jikin ruwa. A wasu ƙasashe waɗannan sunayen suna ba da izinin gurɓataccen ruwa muddin takamaiman nau'in gurɓata ba shi da lahani ga amfanin da aka tsara. Idan aka ba da canje-canje na wuri (misali, ci gaban ƙasa, birni, [[Kashewa|sharewa]] a cikin gandun daji) a cikin ruwa mai yawa, komawa ga yanayin da ya dace zai zama babban kalubale. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, masana kimiyyar muhalli suna mai da hankali kan cimma burin kiyaye yanayin halittu mai kyau kuma suna iya mai da hankali ga kare yawan mutanen da ke cikin haɗari da kare lafiyar ɗan adam.   == Samfurin da auna == === Tarin samfurin === [[Fayil:WQ_sampling_station_USGS_2004.jpg|thumb|An shigar da tashar samfurori ta atomatik tare da East Branch Milwaukee River, New Fane, Wisconsin. An ɗaga murfin samfurin mota mai kwalliya 24 (cibiyar) a wani ɓangare, yana nuna kwalabe na samfurin a ciki. Mai samfurori yana tattara samfurori a lokacin lokaci, ko daidaitawa don gudana a cikin takamaiman lokacin. Mai ɗaukar bayanai (farin majalisa) yana yin rikodin zafin jiki, takamaiman hali, da matakan iskar oxygen.]] Matsalolin ingancin ruwa a matsayin batun ana nuna shi a cikin nau'ikan ma'auni da yawa na alamun ingancin ruwa. Wasu ma'auni na ingancin ruwa ana yin su daidai a wurin, saboda ruwa Yanayi cikin daidaituwa tare da kewayenta. Matakan da aka saba yi a shafin kuma a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da tushen ruwa da ake tambaya sun haɗa da [[Temperature|zafin jiki]], pH, narkewar iskar oxygen, gudanarwa, yiwuwar rage iskar oxygen (ORP), turbidity, da zurfin Secchi disk.<section begin="sampling" /> Ana iya yin samfurin ruwa don gwajin jiki ko na sinadarai ta hanyoyi da yawa, dangane da daidaito da ake buƙata da halaye na gurɓataccen. Hanyoyin samfurori sun haɗa da misali samfurori na bazuwar mai sauƙi, samfurori masu sassauci, samfuroni na tsari da grid, samfurorin daidaitawa, ɗaukar samfurori, sa ido na ci gaba da ci gaba, samfuromi mai wucewa, sa ido mai nisa, jin nesa, da kuma sa ido kan halittu. Amfani da samfurori masu wucewa yana rage tsada da buƙatar ababen more rayuwa a wurin samfurori. Yawancin abubuwan gurɓataccen abu suna ƙuntataccen lokaci, galibi dangane da abubuwan ruwan sama. Saboda wannan dalili samfurori "grab" sau da yawa ba su isa ba don cikakken ƙididdigar matakan gurɓataccen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sampling - KFUPM School , nature is us - Forums - Tunza Eco Generation |url=https://tunza.eco-generation.org/resourcesView.jsp?boardID=forum1384875145&viewID=7935&searchType=&searchName=&pageNumber=55 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307075538/https://tunza.eco-generation.org/resourcesView.jsp?boardID=forum1384875145&viewID=7935&searchType=&searchName=&pageNumber=55 |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=2021-09-19 |website=tunza.eco-generation.org}}</ref> Masana kimiyya da ke tattara irin wannan bayanan galibi suna amfani da na'urorin samfurori na atomatik waɗanda ke yin amfani da ruwa a kowane lokaci ko lokacin fitarwa.<section end="sampling" /> Sau da yawa ana yin ma'auni mai rikitarwa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje wanda ke buƙatar samfurin ruwa don tattarawa, adanawa, jigilar shi, da kuma nazarin shi a wani wuri. ==== Tambayoyi ==== Tsarin samfurori na ruwa yana gabatar da manyan matsaloli guda biyu: * Matsalar farko ita ce yadda samfurin zai iya zama wakiltar tushen ruwa na sha'awa. Tushen ruwa ya bambanta da lokaci da wuri. Ma'aunin sha'awa na iya bambanta a [[Sararin Samaniya na Duniya|yanayi]] ko daga rana zuwa dare ko kuma don mayar da martani ga wasu ayyukan mutum ko yawan halitta na tsire-tsire da [[Dabba|Dabbobi]]. Ma'aunin sha'awa na iya bambanta da nisa daga iyakar ruwa tare da yanayi mai zurfi da [[Ƙasa (shinfidar ƙasa)|ƙasa]] mai zurfi ko mai iyaka. Dole ne mai samfurori ya ƙayyade idan lokaci ɗaya da wuri ya cika bukatun binciken, ko kuma idan ana iya kimanta amfani da ruwa na sha'awa ta hanyar matsakaicin ƙimar samfur a kan lokaci da wuri, ko kuma soki mahimman matsakaitan da mafi ƙarancin suna buƙatar ma'auni na mutum a kan lokaci, wurare ko abubuwan da suka faru. Hanyar tattara samfurin dole ne ta tabbatar da daidaitattun ma'auni na lokutan samfurori da wuraren da matsakaicin ya dace.<ref name="Franson">Franson, Mary Ann (1975). ''[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000494277 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater]'' 14th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association & Water Pollution Control Federation. {{ISBN|0-87553-078-8}}</ref> : 39-40 Inda matsakaicin ko mafi ƙarancin ƙimar ya kasance, dole ne a yi amfani da Hanyoyin kididdiga don ƙayyade isasshen samfuran don tantance [[Yiwuwar abu (Lissafi)|yiwuwar]] wuce waɗannan ƙimar ƙididdiga. * Matsalar ta biyu tana faruwa yayin da aka cire samfurin daga tushen ruwa kuma ya fara kafa daidaitattun sunadarai tare da sabon mahallinta - akwati na samfurin. Dole ne a yi kwantena na samfurin da kayan aiki tare da ƙananan amsawa tare da abubuwan da za a auna; tsaftace kwantena na samfur yana da mahimmanci. Samfurin ruwa na iya narkar da wani ɓangare na akwati na samfurin da duk wani raguwa a kan wannan akwati, kuma sunadarai da aka narkar a cikin samfurin na iya narkewa a kan akwati na samfur kuma su kasance a can lokacin da aka zuba ruwa don bincike.<ref name="Franson" /> : 4 Irin wannan hulɗar jiki da sinadarai na iya faruwa tare da kowane famfo, bututu, ko na'urori na tsakiya da aka yi amfani da su don canja wurin samfurin ruwa a cikin akwati na samfurin. Ruwa da aka tattara daga zurfin da ke ƙasa da farfajiyar za a gudanar da shi a rage [[pH]]_(matter)" id="mwATM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Phase (matter)">matakin yanayi; don haka iskar gas da aka narke a cikin ruwa za ta tattara a saman akwati. Gas na sararin samaniya sama da ruwa na iya narkewa cikin samfurin ruwa. Sauran daidaitattun sinadarai na iya canzawa idan samfurin ruwa ya canza zafin jiki. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin da aka raba da aka dakatar da shi ta hanyar turbulence na ruwa na iya zama a kasan akwati na samfurin, ko kuma wani lokaci mai ƙarfi na iya samuwa daga ci gaban halitta ko hazo na sinadarai. Microorganisms a cikin samfurin ruwa na iya canza yawan iskar oxygen, [[carbon dioxide]], da mahadi na kwayoyin halitta. Canjin yawan carbon dioxide na iya canza pH da canza solubility na sunadarai masu ban sha'awa. Wadannan matsalolin suna da damuwa ta musamman yayin auna sunadarai da aka ɗauka suna da mahimmanci a ƙananan ƙididdiga.<ref name="Goldman" /> [[Fayil:Watersampling.JPG|right|thumb|Gyara samfurin ruwa da aka tattara da hannu (samfurin kamawa) don bincike]] Adana samfurin na iya warware matsalar ta biyu. Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce kiyaye samfurori sanyi don rage yawan halayen sunadarai da canjin lokaci, da kuma nazarin samfurin da wuri-wuri; amma wannan kawai yana rage canje-canje maimakon hana su.<ref name="Franson"/> : 43-45 Hanyar da ta dace don tantance tasirin kwantena na samfurin yayin jinkiri tsakanin tattara samfurin da bincike ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen samfurori biyu na wucin gadi kafin taron samfurori. Ɗaya daga cikin samfurori na samfurori yana cike da ruwa da aka sani daga binciken da ya gabata don ƙunshe da adadin da za a iya ganowa na sinadarin da ke da sha'awa. Wannan samfurin, wanda ake kira "blank", an buɗe shi don fallasa yanayin lokacin da aka tattara samfurin sha'awa, sannan a sake shi kuma a kai shi dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da samfurin don bincike don tantance ko tarin samfurin ko hanyoyin riƙewa sun gabatar da duk wani adadin sinadarin sha'awa. Ana tattara samfurin wucin gadi na biyu tare da samfurin sha'awa, amma sai "sanya" tare da ƙarin adadin sinadarin sha'awa a lokacin tattarawa. Ana ɗaukar samfurin da ba shi da kyau (matsayi mara kyau) da samfurin da aka yi amfani da shi (matsayin iko) tare da samfurin sha'awa kuma ana nazarin su ta hanyar hanyoyi iri ɗaya a lokaci guda don ƙayyade duk wani canje-canje da ke nuna riba ko asarar yayin lokacin da ya wuce tsakanin tattarawa da bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-28 |title=Definitions of Quality-Assurance Data |url=https://bqs.usgs.gov/memos/secondary_body.php?Page=aggregated.coding.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307075541/https://bqs.usgs.gov/memos/secondary_body.php?Page=aggregated.coding.html |archive-date=7 March 2023 |access-date=5 October 2022 |publisher=USGS, Quality Systems Branch}}</ref> === Gwaje-gwaje don mayar da martani ga bala'o'i da sauran gaggawa === [[Fayil:EPA_water_sampling_along_the_Gulf_coast_(4717896816).jpg|thumb|Ruwa na gwaji a cikin Tekun Mexico bayan zubar da man Deepwater HorizonRashin man fetur na Deepwater Horizon]] Bayan abubuwan da suka faru kamar girgizar ƙasa da tsunami, akwai martani nan take daga hukumomin agaji yayin da ayyukan agaji ke ci gaba don gwadawa da dawo da kayan aikin yau da kullun da samar da mahimman abubuwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda suka zama dole don rayuwa da dawowa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Natural Disasters and Severe Weather |date=2014-08-13 |title=Tsunamis: Water Quality |url=https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/tsunamis/waterquality.html |publisher=CDC}}</ref> Barazanar Cutar tana ƙaruwa sosai saboda yawan mutanen da ke zaune kusa da juna, sau da yawa a cikin yanayi mara kyau, kuma ba tare da tsabtace tsabta ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Furusawa |first=Takuro |last2=Maki |first2=Norio |last3=Suzuki |first3=Shingo |date=2008-01-01 |title=Bacterial contamination of drinking water and nutritional quality of diet in the areas of the western Solomon Islands devastated by the April 2, 2007 earthquake⁄tsunami |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tmh/36/2/36_2007-63/_article |journal=Tropical Medicine and Health |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=65–74 |doi=10.2149/tmh.2007-63 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bayan bala'i na halitta, dangane da gwajin ingancin ruwa, akwai ra'ayoyi masu yawa game da mafi kyawun hanyar da za a dauka kuma ana iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Muhimman sigogi na ingancin ruwa waɗanda ke buƙatar magance su a cikin gaggawa sune alamun ƙwayoyin cuta na gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, ragowar chlorine kyauta, pH, turbidity da yiwuwar conductivity / jimlar narkewar abubuwa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na tsabtace cuta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hanaor |first=Dorian A. H. |last2=Sorrell |first2=Charles C. |year=2014 |title=Sand Supported Mixed-Phase TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalysts for Water Decontamination Applications |journal=Advanced Engineering Materials |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=248–254 |arxiv=1404.2652 |doi=10.1002/adem.201300259 |s2cid=118571942}}</ref> Bayan manyan bala'o'i na halitta, lokaci mai tsawo na iya wucewa kafin ingancin ruwa ya dawo zuwa matakan kafin bala'i. Misali, biyo bayan tsunami na [[Tekun Indiya]] na shekara ta 2004 Cibiyar Kula da Ruwa ta Duniya (IWMI) da ke Colombo ta sa ido kan tasirin ruwan gishiri kuma ta kammala cewa rijiyoyin sun dawo zuwa ingancin ruwan sha kafin tsunami shekara daya da rabi bayan taron.<ref>International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka (2010). [http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Success_Stories/PDF/2010/Issue%207%20-%20Helping_restore_the_quality_of_drinking_water_after_the_tsunami.pdf "Helping restore the quality of drinking water after the tsunami."] ''Success Stories.'' Issue 7. {{Doi|10.5337/2011.0030}}</ref> IWMI ta haɓaka ladabi don tsaftace rijiyoyin da ruwan gishiri ya gurɓata; daga baya [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta amince da su a hukumance a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin jagororin gaggawa. === Binciken sunadarai === [[Fayil:GCMS_open.jpg|right|thumb|gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer<nowiki><br id="mwAYU"></nowiki> yana auna magungunan kashe kwari da sauran gurɓataccen kwayoyin.]] Hanyoyi mafi sauki na 2" href="./Analytical_chemistry" id="mwAYk" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Analytical chemistry">nazarin sinadarai sune wadanda ke auna abubuwan sunadarai ba tare da la'akari da siffar su ba. Binciken farko don iskar oxygen, a matsayin misali, zai nuna maida hankali ga 890 g / L (grams a kowace [[lita]]) na samfurin ruwa saboda iskar oxygen (O) tana da 89% na kwayar ruwa (H2O). Hanyar da aka zaɓa don auna iskar oxygen ya kamata ya bambanta tsakanin iskar oxygen da iskar oxygen tare da wasu abubuwa. Sauƙin kwatankwacin nazarin asali ya samar da adadi mai yawa na samfurin bayanai da ƙa'idodin ingancin ruwa don abubuwa wasu lokuta ana gano su azaman ƙarfe mai nauyi. Binciken ruwa don karafa masu nauyi dole ne suyi la'akari da ƙwayoyin ƙasa da aka dakatar a cikin samfurin ruwa. Wadannan ƙwayoyin ƙasa da aka dakatar na iya ƙunsar ƙididdigar ƙarfe. Kodayake ba a narke barbashi a cikin ruwa ba, mutane da ke sha ruwa na iya cinye su. Ƙara [[acid]] zuwa samfurin ruwa don hana asarar ƙarfe da aka narke a kan akwati na samfurin na iya narkar da ƙarin ƙarfe daga ƙwayoyin ƙasa da aka dakatar. Filtration na barbashi na ƙasa daga samfurin ruwa kafin ƙarin acid, duk da haka, na iya haifar da asarar ƙarfe da aka narke a kan tacewa. Matsalolin bambance-bambance irin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta sun fi ƙalubale. [[Fayil:PSA_2.jpg|thumb|Ana amfani da ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta na atom don auna mercury da sauran ƙarfe masu nauyi.]] Yin waɗannan ma'auni masu rikitarwa na iya zama mai tsada. Saboda ma'auni kai tsaye na ingancin ruwa na iya zama mai tsada, ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen sa ido da ci gaba da kuma sakamakon da Hukumomin gwamnati suka fitar. Koyaya, akwai shirye-shiryen masu sa kai na gida da albarkatun da ake samu don wasu ƙididdigar gaba ɗaya.<ref>An example of a local government-sponsored volunteer monitoring program: {{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Monitoring Our Waters |url=https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/water/streams/monitoring.html |access-date=2018-11-11 |website=Watershed Restoration |publisher=Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307075541/https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/water/streams/monitoring.html |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Kayan aikin da ake samu ga jama'a gaba ɗaya sun haɗa da kayan gwajin yanar gizo, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su don tankunan kifi na gida, da hanyoyin kimanta halittu. === Biosensors === Biosensors suna da damar "babban hankali, zaɓaɓɓu, amintacce, sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi da amsawar lokaci na ainihi".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ejeian |first=Fatemeh |last2=Etedali |first2=Parisa |last3=Mansouri-Tehrani |first3=Hajar-Alsadat |last4=Soozanipour |first4=Asieh |last5=Low |first5=Ze-Xian |last6=Asadnia |first6=Mohsen |last7=Taheri-Kafrani |first7=Asghar |last8=Razmjou |first8=Amir |date=30 October 2018 |title=Biosensors for wastewater monitoring: A review |journal=Biosensors & Bioelectronics |volume=118 |pages=66–79 |doi=10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.019 |issn=1873-4235 |pmid=30056302 |s2cid=51889142}}</ref> Misali, masu ilimin halittu sun ba da rahoton ci gaban , wanda zai iya gano matakan gurɓataccen ruwa daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jung |first=Jaeyoung K. |last2=Archuleta |first2=Chloé M. |last3=Alam |first3=Khalid K. |last4=Lucks |first4=Julius B. |date=17 February 2022 |title=Programming cell-free biosensors with DNA strand displacement circuits |journal=Nature Chemical Biology |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=385–393 |doi=10.1038/s41589-021-00962-9 |issn=1552-4469 |pmc=8964419 |pmid=35177837}}</ref>{{Tooltip|ROSALIND 2.0|RNA Output Sensors Activated by Ligand INDuction}} === Kula da lokaci na ainihi === Kodayake yawanci ana gwada ingancin ruwa kuma ana nazarin shi a dakunan gwaje-gwaje, tun daga ƙarshen karni na 20 an sami karuwar sha'awar jama'a game da ingancin ruwan sha da tsarin birni ke bayarwa. Yawancin masu amfani da ruwa sun haɓaka tsarin don tattara bayanai na ainihi game da ingancin ruwa. A farkon karni na 21, an tura na'urori masu auna sigina iri-iri da tsarin sa ido na nesa don auna pH na ruwa, turbidity, narkewar iskar oxygen da sauran sigogi. An kuma haɓaka wasu tsarin jin nesa don saka idanu kan ingancin ruwa a cikin kogin, kogin da ruwa na bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-06 |title=Water Quality Monitoring |url=https://meri.njmeadowlands.gov/projects/continuous-water-monitoring-stations/ |publisher=Meadowlands Environmental Research Institute |access-date=2025-04-20 |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307075545/https://meri.njmeadowlands.gov/projects/continuous-water-monitoring-stations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Eyes on the Bay |url=http://eyesonthebay.dnr.maryland.gov |access-date=2018-12-05 |publisher=Maryland Department of Natural Resources |id=Chesapeake Bay}}</ref> [[Fayil:Electrical_conductivity_meter.jpg|right|thumb|Ana amfani da ma'aunin wutar lantarki don auna jimlar abubuwan da aka narke.]] Wadannan sune jerin alamomi sau da yawa ana auna su ta hanyar yanayin yanayi: * Alkalinity * Launi na ruwa * pH * Tasiri da ƙanshi (geosmin, 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB), da dai sauransu) * Karfe da gishiri da aka narke (sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, Manganese, Magnesium) * Microorganisms irin su kwayoyin cuta na fecal coliform (''Escherichia coli''), Cryptosporidium, da Giardia lamblia; ''duba'' Binciken ruwa na kwayoyin cuteBinciken ruwa na kwayar cuta * Ƙarfe da aka narke da kuma metalloids (shugabanni, mercury, arsenic, da dai sauransu) * Kwayoyin da aka narke: kwayoyin da aka narkar da su masu launi (CDOM), carbon da aka narkusa (DOC) * Radon * Ƙarfe masu nauyi * [[Magani|Magunguna]] * Kwayoyin Hormone === Alamun muhalli === ==== Alamun jiki ====   ==== Alamun sinadarai ====   ==== Alamun halittu ====   An haɓaka ma'aunin sa ido na halittu a wurare da yawa, kuma ɗayan da aka yi amfani da su sosai don ma'auni don ruwa mai laushi shine kasancewar da yawa na membobin umarnin kwari Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera da Trichoptera (EPT) (na macroinvertebrates na benthic waɗanda sunayensu na yau da kullun sune, bi da bi, mayfly, stonefly da caddisfly). Lissafin EPT zai bambanta daga yanki zuwa yanki, amma gabaɗaya, a cikin yanki, yawan adadin haraji daga waɗannan umarni ya fi girma, ingancin ruwa ya fi kyau. Kungiyoyi a Amurka, kamar EPA. bayar da jagora kan haɓaka shirin saka idanu da kuma gano membobin waɗannan da sauran umarnin kwari na ruwa. Yawancin masu zubar da ruwa na Amurka (misali, masana'antu, tashoshin wutar lantarki, masu tsaftacewa, ma'adinai, tashoshan gyaran datti na gari) ana buƙatar su don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na lokaci-lokaci na guba (WET).<ref name="WET-methods">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020-08-01 |title=Whole Effluent Toxicity Methods |url=https://www.epa.gov/cwa-methods/whole-effluent-toxicity-methods |website=Clean Water Act Analytical Methods |publisher=EPA}}</ref> Mutanen da ke sha'awar saka idanu kan ingancin ruwa waɗanda ba za su iya biyan ko sarrafa nazarin sikelin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba za su kuma iya amfani da alamun halittu don samun karatun ingancin ruwa gaba ɗaya. Ɗaya daga cikin misalai shine shirin sa ido kan ruwa na sa kai na [[Iowa]] na Iowa, wanda ya haɗa da maɓallin mai nuna alamar EPT. Ana amfani da molluscs na Bivalve a matsayin masu nuna halittu don saka idanu kan lafiyar yanayin ruwa a cikin ruwa mai laushi da yanayin ruwa. Matsayinsu na yawan jama'a ko tsari, ilimin lissafi, halayyar ko matakin gurɓataccen abu tare da abubuwa ko mahadi na iya nuna yanayin gurɓatawar yanayin halittu. Suna da amfani sosai tunda suna da sessile don su kasance wakiltar mahalli inda aka samo su ko aka sanya su. Wani aikin da aka saba da shi shine Shirin Tsaro na Mussel na Amurka, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-14 |title=Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment: Mussel Watch Contaminant Monitoring |url=http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/about/coast/nsandt/musselwatch.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907012135/http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/about/coast/nsandt/musselwatch.aspx |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2015-09-04 |publisher=Ccma.nos.noaa.gov}}</ref> amma a yau ana amfani da su a duk duniya. Hanyar Kudancin Afirka (SASS) tsarin sa ido ne na ingancin ruwa wanda ya danganci kasancewar macroinvertebrates na benthic (EPT). An inganta kayan aikin Kula da halittu na ruwa na SASS a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata kuma yanzu yana kan sigar ta biyar (SASS5) wanda aka gyara musamman daidai da ka'idojin kasa da kasa, wato yarjejeniyar ISO / IEC 17025. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Ruwa ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] tana amfani da hanyar SASS5 a matsayin daidaitattun hanyar kimanta lafiyar Kogin, wanda ke ciyar da Shirin Lafiya na Kogin na Kasa da kuma Bayanan Kogin na kasa. == Tasirin canjin yanayi == {{excerpt|Water security#Reduced water quality due to climate change|file=no}} == Matsayi da rahotanni == A cikin saitin ka'idoji, hukumomi suna yin yanke shawara na siyasa da fasaha / kimiyya bisa ga yadda za a yi amfani da [[Jikin Ruwa|ruwa]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2022-04-14 |title=What Are Water Quality Standards? |url=https://www.epa.gov/wqs-tech/what-are-water-quality-standards |website=Standards for Water Body Health |publisher=EPA}}</ref> Game da ruwa na halitta, hukumomi suma suna yin ƙididdigar da ta dace game da yanayin da ba shi da kyau. Rashin ruwa na halitta zai bambanta dangane da yanayin muhalli na yankin, inda abubuwan da ke kewaye da su ke rinjayar su ta hanyar Yanayin ƙasa, turɓaya, da nau'ikan dutse, yanayin ƙasa, ilimin ruwa, da yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Mike |last2=Scott |first2=Thad |last3=Haggard |first3=Brian |last4=Sharpley |first4=Andrew |last5=Daniel |first5=Tommy |date=2009 |title=What is Water Quality? |url=https://www.uaex.edu/publications/pdf/FSA-9528.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201185338/https://www.uaex.edu/publications/pdf/FSA-9528.pdf |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture}}</ref> [[Kimiyyar muhalli|Masana kimiyyar muhalli]] da masu ilimin ruwa suna aiki don fassara sigogi da yanayin muhalli waɗanda ke tasiri ga ingancin ruwa na yanki, wanda hakan ke taimakawa wajen gano tushen da makomar gurɓataccen abu. [[Dokar muhalli|Lauyoyin muhalli]] da masu tsara manufofi suna aiki don bayyana [[Samar da doka daga masu doka|doka]] tare da niyyar cewa ana kiyaye ruwa a ingancin da ya dace don amfani da shi. Wani ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya game da ingancin ruwa shine na dukiya mai sauƙi wanda ke nuna ko ruwa ya ƙazantu ko a'a.  A haƙiƙa, ingancin ruwa abu ne mai sarƙaƙiya, a wani ɓangare saboda ruwa matsakaicin matsakaici ne wanda ke da alaƙa da ilimin halittu, ilimin ƙasa, da ayyukan ɗan adam na yanki.  Ayyukan masana'antu da na kasuwanci (misali masana'antu, [[hakar ma'adinai]], gine-gine, sufuri) sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa kamar yadda ake zubar da ruwa daga yankunan noma, zubar da ruwa na birane da zubar da ruwa da aka gyara da kuma rashin kula da su.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Kasashen Duniya === * The [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|World Health Organization]] (WHO) published updated guidelines for drinking-water quality (GDWQ) in 2017. * The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published {{When|date=June 2016}} regulation of water quality in the section of ICS 13.060,<ref name="13wq">{{Cite web |last=International Organization for Standardization (ISO) |title=13.060: Water quality |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=13&ICS2=060 |access-date=2011-07-04}}</ref> ranging from water sampling, drinking water, industrial class water, sewage, and examination of water for chemical, physical or biological properties. ICS 91.140.60 covers the standards of water supply systems.<ref name="91wss">{{Cite web |last=ISO |title=91.140.60: Water supply systems |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_ics_browse?ICS1=91&ICS2=140&ICS3=60&&published=on |access-date=2011-07-04}}</ref> === Bayanan kasa don ruwan yanayi da ruwan sha === ==== Tarayyar Turai ====   Manufofin ruwa na [[Tarayyar Turai]] an tsara su da farko a cikin umarni uku: * Umurni kan Maganin Ruwa na Kasuwanci (91/271/EEC) na 21 ga Mayu 1991 game da fitar da ruwa na gari da wasu ruwa mai tsabta na masana'antu; * Umurnin Ruwa Mai Shan (98/83/EC) na 3 ga Nuwamba 1998 game da ingancin ruwan sha; * Umurnin Tsarin Ruwa (2000/60/EC) na 23 ga Oktoba 2000 game da kula da [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|albarkatun ruwa]]. ==== Indiya ==== * Majalisar Binciken Kiwon Lafiya ta Indiya (ICMR) Matsayi don Ruwa mai sha.  Jagororin ingancin ruwa don Afirka ta Kudu an haɗa su bisa ga nau'ikan masu amfani (misali na cikin gida, masana'antu) a cikin Jagororin Ingancin Ruwa na 1996. Ingancin ruwan sha yana ƙarƙashin ka'idar Afirka ta Kudu (SANS) 241 Bayanan Ruwa mai sha. ==== Ƙasar Ingila ==== A Ingila da Wales matakan da aka yarda da su don samar da ruwan sha an jera su a cikin "Sakamako na Bayar da Ruwa (Kyakkyawan Ruwa) 2000."   A cikin Amurka, hukumomin jihohi sun bayyana ka'idojin ingancin ruwa don nau'ikan ruwa daban-daban, wanda ke jagorantar amfani da ake so don jikin ruwa (misali, mazaunin kifi, samar da ruwan sha, amfani da nishaɗi). Dokar Ruwa Mai Tsabtace (CWA) tana buƙatar kowane iko mai mulki (jihohi, yankuna, da ƙungiyoyin ƙabilar da aka rufe) don gabatar da saitin rahotanni na shekaru biyu game da ingancin ruwa a yankinsu. Wadannan rahotanni an san su da rahotanni na 303 (d) da 305 (b), masu suna saboda tanadin su na CWA, kuma an gabatar da su, kuma an amince da su, EPA. Wadannan rahotanni an kammala su ne ta hanyar ikon mulki, yawanci hukumar muhalli ta jihar. EPA ta ba da shawarar cewa kowace jiha ta gabatar da "Rahoton Haɗin kai" guda ɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi jerin ruwan da ya lalace da kuma matsayin dukkan jikin ruwa a cikin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2022-08-31 |title=Overview of Listing Impaired Waters under CWA Section 303(d) |url=https://www.epa.gov/tmdl/overview-listing-impaired-waters-under-cwa-section-303d |website=Impaired Waters and TMDLs |publisher=EPA}}</ref> ''Rahoton Ingancin Ruwa na Kasa ga Majalisa'' babban rahoto ne game da ingancin ruwa, yana ba da cikakken bayani game da yawan mil na koguna da koguna da kuma yanayin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2021-12-07 |title=National Water Quality Inventory Report to Congress |url=https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/national-water-quality-inventory-report-congress |website=Water Data and Tools |publisher=EPA}}</ref> CWA tana buƙatar jihohi su karɓi ƙa'idodi don kowane amfani da aka tsara da suka ba su ga ruwan su. Idan shaidu sun nuna ko sun rubuta cewa rafi, kogi ko tafkin sun kasa cika Ka'idodin Ingancin Ruwa don ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin amfanin da aka tsara, ana sanya shi a cikin jerin ruwan da ya lalace. Da zarar jihar ta sanya jikin ruwa a cikin wannan jerin, dole ne ta samar da shirin gudanarwa wanda ke kafa Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) don gurbataccen (s) wanda ke lalata amfani da ruwa. Wadannan TMDLs sun kafa raguwar da ake buƙata don tallafawa cikakkiyar amfani da aka tsara. Ma'aunin ruwan sha, wanda ya dace da tsarin ruwan jama'a, EPA ne ke bayar da shi a ƙarƙashin Dokar Amintaccen Ruwan Sha.<ref name="EPA DW reqts"/> == Dubi kuma ==   {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Global Freshwater Quality Database (GEMStat) - Shirin muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya * [https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/news.html Manufofin ruwa a Tarayyar Turai] * [https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/public/water_quality.html Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC)] - Ingancin ruwan sha da gwaji (Amurka) * [https://www.epa.gov/waterdata Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka] - Bayanan Ruwa da Kayan aiki na USEPA * Binciken Geological na Amurka - Shirin Binciken Ingancin Ruwa na Kasa na USGS [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ey419j3xmb5i75qiacza0d4papsf611 0 99039 840299 612868 2026-05-26T17:12:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Isma'il Yasin''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''''Ismail Yassin'''''; Larabci na Masar: إسماعيل ي knowing{{IPA|arz|esmæˈʕiːl jæˈsiːn|IPA}}{{IPA|arz|esmæˈʕiːl jæˈsiːn|IPA}} 15 ga Satumba 1912 - 24 ga Mayu 1972) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma marubucin rubutun Masar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hanafy |first=Zeina |date=2022-07-25 |title=El-Rihani and Yassine: The Chaplins of Egyptian Cinema |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2022/07/25/el-rihani-and-yassine-the-chaplins-of-egyptian-cinema/ |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Egyptian Streets |language=en-US}}</ref> {{IPA|arz|esmæˈʕiːl jæˈsiːn|IPA}}An san shi da ban dariya kuma an kwatanta shi da [[Charlie Chaplin]] . <ref name=":0" /> Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a 1939 tare da fim din ''Khalaf El-Habayeb'' (1939; Larabci: .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=Ismail Yassin: comedy icon forever alive |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/5695/Ismail-Yassin-comedy-icon-forever-alive |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> A Google Doodle a ranar 15 ga Satumba 2011 ya tuna da cika shekaru 99 da haihuwar Yassine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2011 |title=Ismail Yasin's 96th Birthday |url=https://www.google.com/doodles/ismail-yasins-99th-birthday |website=Google}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref> == Game da rayuwarsa == An haife shi a lardin [[Suez]] kuma daga baya ya koma [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a farkon shekarun 1930 don ci gaba da aikinsa na fasaha a matsayin mawaƙi. Koyaya, bayyanarsa da rashin jin daɗi sun hana shi samun nasara a raira waƙa. Ismail yana da halaye da suka sa ya zama tauraro a tsakanin masu nishadantarwa kamar yadda ya kasance mawaƙi, mai magana da yawun, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu gabatarwa a cikin wannan fasahar shekaru goma, daga 1935 zuwa 1945. Daga baya, ya shiga cikin fina-finai, kuma an samar da fina-fakka a ƙarƙashin sunansa bayan an yi fina-fukkuna a ƙarƙashin sunan Leila Murad. Daga cikin wadannan fina-finai sune (Ismail Yassine a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Wax - Ismail Yassine ya sadu da Raya da Sakina - Ismail Yassaine a cikin Sojoji - Ismail Yashine, 'Yan Sanda na Sojoji (fim) - Ismail Yasseine a cikin Jirgin Sama - Ismail Yasiine a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa - Ismail Yasine a cikin Asibitin Zuciya, da sauransu). Ismail Yassine ya yi aure sau uku, amma yana da ɗa ɗaya kawai, marigayi darektan Yassin Ismail Yassin, daga matarsa ta ƙarshe, Mrs. Fawzia . == Rayuwarsa ta sana'a == An haifi Ismail Yassin a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1912. Shi kaɗai ne ɗan wani mai sayar da kayan ado mai arziki a kan titin Abbas a birnin [[Suez]]. Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu lokacin da yake ƙarami. Ismail ya halarci makarantar firamare ta gida har zuwa aji na huɗu. Koyaya, lokacin da kasuwancin kayan ado na mahaifinsa ya fadi saboda rashin kula da kuɗi, kuma an daure mahaifinsa saboda karuwar basussuka, yaron ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kira a titi a gaban kantin sayar da masana'antu. Dole ne ya ɗauki nauyin tun yana ƙarami. A ƙarshe, dole ne ya bar gida saboda tsoron mummunar zalunci na matarsa kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin mai kiran mota a ɗaya daga cikin wuraren ajiye motoci a [[Suez]]. Ismail Yassin yana da zurfin ƙauna ga waƙoƙin mawaƙi Mohammed Abdel Wahab, wanda yake raira waƙa tun yana yaro. Ya yi mafarki na zama mawaƙi mai gasa kamar shi. === Daga Suez zuwa Alkahira === Lokacin da ya kai shekara 17, ya tafi [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a farkon shekarun 1930, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin yaro a daya daga cikin gidajen cin abinci a kan titin [[Muhammad Ali Pasha|Mohamed Ali]] kuma ya zauna a kananan shahararrun otal-otal. Daga baya ya shiga aikin sanannen "Nawassa," wanda yake daya daga cikin sanannun masu rawa a lokacin. Kamar yadda bai iya samun isasshen kuɗi ba, sai ya bar ta ta yi aiki a matsayin wakili a ofishin lauya don samun abin rayuwa. Daga nan, ya sake yin la'akari da bin burinsa na fasaha kuma ya tafi Bade'ah Musabni, bayan ya gano tagwayensa na fasaha da abokinsa na rayuwa da kuma abokin tarayya a cikin tafiyarsa ta fasaha, babban marubucin wasan kwaikwayo [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary|Abu Al-Saud Al-Ibiary]]. Sun kafa sanannen Duet na fasaha, kuma ya kasance abokin tarayya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bade'ah Musabni kuma daga baya a cikin fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo. [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary|Abu Al-Saud Al-Ibiary]] ya ba da shawarar shi ga Bade'ah Musabni don hayar da ita a cikin ƙungiyar ta. Ya shiga ƙungiyar ta kuma ya yi magana a gidan wasan dare na Bade'ah Musabni. Ismail Yassin ya yi nasara a cikin fasahar magana ɗaya kuma ya kasance mai basira a wannan fagen na tsawon shekaru goma daga 1935 zuwa 1945, har ma yana samun fam huɗu ga kowane magana ɗaya a rediyo, gami da kudaden rubutu da tsarawa. Abokin aikinsa na ɗan wasa, [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary|Abu Al-Saud Al-Ibiary]], koyaushe shine wanda ya rubuta waɗannan maganganun. === Fim din === A shekara ta 1939, ya fara shiga duniyar fina-finai lokacin da Fouad El-Jazairli ya zaba shi ya shiga fim din "Khalf Al-Habayeb" (Behind the Loved Ones). Ya bayyana a fina-finai da yawa a wannan lokacin, sau da yawa a matsayin tallafi. Daga cikin shahararrun sun kasance "Ali Baba da 'yan fashi arba'in," "Nour Al-Din da' yan jirgin ruwa guda uku," da kuma "Al-Qalb Lahu Wahid" (Zuciya Tana da Ɗaya). Ismail Yassin ya fito a fina-finai sama da 166 a lokacin rayuwarsa. === Mai gabatarwa a cikin fim din === A cikin 1944, baiwar Ismail Yassin ta ja hankalin [[Anwar Wagdi]], wanda ke yawan jefa shi a cikin fina-finai. Sa'an nan, a cikin 1949, an ba shi rawar farko a fim din "Al-Nasih" (The Adviser), tare da tauraron da ke tasowa, [[Magda al-Sabahi|Magda]] . Yassin ya sami nasarar zama babban ofishin jakadancin, yana jan hankalin magoya baya. Shekaru na 1952, 1953, da 1954 sune zamanin zinariya lokacin da ya fito a fina-finai 16 a cikin shekara guda, rikodin da babu wani mai zane da zai iya cimma. Duk da rashin kyawawan halaye da kyawawan halayi na taurari a wannan lokacin, Ismail Yassin ya ja hankalin masu sauraro ta hanyar amincewa da bayyanarsa da kuma shahararren baki a mafi yawan ayyukansa. Wannan kyakkyawa ta musamman ta tura shi zuwa gaba, ta tabbatar masa da matsayi mai daraja kuma ta jagoranci masu samarwa don sanya hannu a kansa don sababbin fina-finai, ta sa shi ne kawai jarumi wanda sunansa ke da alaƙa da fina-fukkuna, a ƙarshe ya kai saman. A shekara ta 1954, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar ta hanyar kafa ƙungiyar da ke ɗauke da sunansa, tare da haɗin gwiwar tagwayensa na fasaha kuma abokin aiki na dogon lokaci, marubucin [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary|Abu Al-Saud Al-Ibiary]] . Wannan ƙungiyar ta ci gaba har tsawon shekaru 12 har zuwa 1966, lokacin da suka yi wasanni sama da 50, kusan kowace rana, duk [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary|Abu Al-Saud Al-Ibiary]] ne ya rubuta su. === Jerin fina-finai a ƙarƙashin sunansa === Farawa a shekara ta 1955, shi da tagwayensa na fasaha, [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary|Abu Al-Saud Al-Ibiary]], tare da darektan [[Fatin Abdel Wahab]], sun kafa daya daga cikin manyan uku a tarihin fina-finai na Masar da kuma ayyukan Ismail Yassin da Abu Al-Saude Al-Iviary. Sun yi aiki tare a fina-finai da yawa. [[Fayil:Abo_El_Seoud_El_Ebiary_and_Ismail_Yasiin.jpg|thumb|Yassin, ɗansa Yassin da [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary]]]] Ya cancanci a ambaci cewa kashi 30% na fina-finai da tauraron wasan kwaikwayo ya gabatar [[Fatin Abdel Wahab]] ne ya ba da umarni, mafi yawansu suna ɗauke da sunan Ismail Yassin. An samar da waɗannan fina-finai a ƙarƙashin sunansa bayan Leila Mourad . Daga cikin wadannan fina-finai akwai Ismail Yassin a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Wax - Ismail Yassin ya sadu da Raya da Sakina - Ismail Yassen a cikin Sojoji - Ismail Yashin a cikin 'yan sanda - Ismail Yassan a cikin Jirgin Sama - Ismail Yascin a cikin Asibitin Zuciya - Ismail Yassim Tarzan - Ismail Yasnin don Sayarwa, mafi yawansu [[Abo El Seoud El Ebiary|Abu Al-Saud Al-Ibiary]] ne ya rubuta su. == Hotunan fina-finai == * 1948 [[Khulood]] ([[Larabci|Arabic]]: خلود) * 1949 [[Little Miss Devil]] * 1950 [[The Millionaire (1950 fim)|The Millionaire]] * 1953 [[Dahab (fim)|Dahab]] , romanized: gold)<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2016 |title=Famed Egyptian Child Actress Fayrouz Dies at Age 73 |url=https://cairoscene.com/ArtsAndCulture/Famed-Egyptian-Child-Actress-Fayrouz-Dies-at-Age-73 |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=CairoScene |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905005657/https://cairoscene.com/artsandculture/famed-egyptian-child-actress-fayrouz-dies-at-age-73 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1954 Miss Hanafi ([[Larabci|Arabic]]: آنسه حنفي) * 1957 [[Hamido's Son]] * 1957 [[Ismail Yassine in the Navy]] * 1962 The King of Oil * 1963 The Crazy Ones in Paradise * 1965 [[The Mind and the Money]] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai na Masar na shekarun 1940 * Jerin fina-finai na Masar na shekarun 1950 * Jerin fina-finai na Masar na shekarun 1960 * Jerin wasu sanannun Masarawa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fm56deuys3tqdvm0p4mnk9ltahjekdn 0 104730 840454 793457 2026-05-27T11:34:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jonathan Paul Clegg''', (7 Yuni 1953 - 16 Yuli 2019) ya kasance mawaƙi na Afirka ta Kudu, mawaƙi-marubucin waƙa, mai rawa, masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma Mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata.{{Spaced en dash}} Ya fara aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na duo - ''Johnny & Sipho'' - tare da Sipho Mchunu wanda ya fitar da sautin farko, '''Woza Jumma'a''' a 1976. Daga nan sai su biyu suka ci gaba da kafa ƙungiyar Juluka wacce ta fitar da kundi na farko a shekarar 1979. A shekara ta 1986, Clegg ya kafa ƙungiyar Savuka, kuma an yi rikodin shi a matsayin aikin solo, a wasu lokuta yana haɗuwa da abokan ƙungiyarsa na baya. Wani lokaci ana kiransa Le Zoulou Blanc ({{IPA|fr|lə zulu blɑ̃|lang}}{{IPA|fr|lə zulu blɑ̃|lang}} [lə Zulu blɑ̃], don "The White Zulu"), ya kasance muhimmiyar adadi a cikin shahararrun kiɗa na Afirka ta Kudu kuma sanannen farar fata ne a cikin [[Kiɗa a cikin yunkurin adawa da wariyar launin fata|juriya ga wariyar launin fata]], <ref name="LeMonde-Jul2019">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=16 July 2019 |title=Mort du chanteur sud-africain Johnny Clegg, "&nbsp;le Zoulou blanc&nbsp;" qui combattait l'apartheid |trans-title=Death of South African singer Johnny Clegg, the "white Zulu" who fought apartheid |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2019/07/16/mort-du-chanteur-sud-africain-johnny-clegg-le-zoulou-blanc-qui-combattait-l-apartheid_5490110_3382.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716212749/https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2019/07/16/mort-du-chanteur-sud-africain-johnny-clegg-le-zoulou-blanc-qui-combattait-l-apartheid_5490110_3382.html |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=Le Monde |language=fr |agency=AFP}}</ref> ya zama batun bincike na reshen tsaro na 'yan sanda na Afirka ta Kudancin. {{IPA|fr|lə zulu blɑ̃|lang}}Waƙoƙinsa sun haɗu da Turanci tare da kalmomin [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]], kuma sun haɗu le kiɗa na Afirka tare da nau'o'i daban-daban na kiɗa na Yamma.<ref name="Cartwright-Jul2019">{{Cite web |last=Cartwright |first=Gareth |date=24 July 2019 |title=Johnny Clegg: South African singer whose cross-cultural music was a direct challenge to apartheid |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/johnny-clegg-death-singer-south-africa-apartheid-nelson-mandela-obituary-a9008716.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725142755/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/johnny-clegg-death-singer-south-africa-apartheid-nelson-mandela-obituary-a9008716.html |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=3 April 2020 |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Clegg a ranar 7 ga Yunin shekarar 1953 a Bacup, Lancashire, <ref name="official">{{Cite web |title=JOHNNY CLEGG BIOGRAPHY AND AWARDS |url=http://www.johnnyclegg.com/biog.html |access-date=2 July 2015 |publisher=JohnnyClegg.com |archive-date=25 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825104344/http://www.johnnyclegg.com/biog.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ga mahaifin Ingilishi na zuriyar Scotland, Dennis Clegg, da mahaifiyar Rhodesian, Muriel (Braudo). <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 July 2006 |title=White Zulu is making a comeback |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/white-zulu-is-making-a-comeback-940896 |access-date=16 April 2020 |website=Independent Online (IOL)}}</ref> Iyalin mahaifiyar Clegg baƙi ne na Yahudawa daga [[Belarus]] da [[Poland]] kuma Clegg yana da ilimin Yahudawa na duniya, yana koyo game da [[Dokokin nan goma|Dokoki Goma]] amma ya ƙi samun ''bar mitzvah'' - har sai daga baya a rayuwa, lokacin da ya zama uba kuma ya yanke shawarar samun bar mitzavah "biyu" tare da ɗansa Jesse . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-01 |title=Change matters: The power of Johnny Clegg |url=https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/change-matters-the-power-of-johnny-clegg-597237 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya koma tare da mahaifiyarsa zuwa Rhodesia (yanzu [[Zimbabwe]]) yana da watanni 6, kuma iyayensa sun sake aure ba da daɗewa ba. Lokacin da yake da shekaru shida, ya koma Afirka ta Kudu tare da mahaifiyarsa, kuma ya kwashe wani ɓangare na shekara guda a Isra'ila a lokacin yaro. <ref name="people">{{Cite web |last=Freeman |first=Patricia |last2=McCoy |first2=Melissa |date=24 October 1988 |title=Black and White and Heard All Over, Johnny Clegg and Savuka Cross South Africa's Color Barrier |url=https://people.com/archive/black-and-white-and-heard-all-over-johnny-clegg-and-savuka-cross-south-africas-color-barrier-vol-30-no-17/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610105846/https://people.com/archive/black-and-white-and-heard-all-over-johnny-clegg-and-savuka-cross-south-africas-color-barrier-vol-30-no-17/ |archive-date=10 June 2017 |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=People}}</ref> Ya girma a Yeoville, sannan unguwar da yawancin Yahudawa ke zaune a cikin birnin [[Johannesburg]]. Ya haɗu da rabin duniya na kiɗa da rawa na ma'aikatan ƙaura na Zulu na birnin. A karkashin kulawar Charlie Mzila, mai tsabtace rana kuma mai kiɗa da dare, Clegg ya ƙware duka [[Harshen Zulu]] da guitar maskandi da salon rawa na isishameni na baƙi.<ref name="Wits-2019">{{Cite web |date=18 July 2019 |title=Johnny Clegg (1953–2019) |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/news/sources/alumni-news/2019/johnny-clegg-1953-2019.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718104727/https://www.wits.ac.za/news/sources/alumni-news/2019/johnny-clegg-1953-2019.html |archive-date=18 July 2019 |access-date=17 April 2020 |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand}}</ref> Haɗin Clegg tare da mawaƙa baƙar fata sau da yawa ya haifar da kamawa don shiga cikin dukiyar gwamnati da kuma keta Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya. An fara kama shi ne yana da shekaru 15 saboda keta dokokin zamanin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu da ke hana mutane na kabilu daban-daban taruwa tare bayan sa'o'in hana fita. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya sadu da Sipho Mchunu, ma'aikacin ƙaura na Zulu wanda ya fara yin kiɗa tare da shi.<ref name="people"/> Haɗin gwiwar, wanda suka kira Juluka, ya fara ne a shekarar 1969, kuma an bayyana shi a cikin shirin talabijin na 1970s Beats of the Heart: Rhythm of Resistance . Bayan kammala karatunsa tare da BA (Hons) a cikin Social Anthropology daga [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]], Clegg ya bi aikin ilimi na tsawon shekaru hudu inda ya ba da lacca kuma ya rubuta takardun ilimi da yawa a kan kiɗa da rawa na Zulu.<ref name="Wits-2019"/> A farkon matakan aikinsa na kiɗa, Clegg ya haɗu da kiɗansa tare da nazarin [[ilimin ɗan adam]] a Wits, inda aikin David Webster, masanin ilimin ɗan adam na zamantakewa wanda daga baya aka kashe shi a 1989 ya rinjaye shi. Ya riga kowane waƙa tare da raguwa na al'adun Zulu, bayanai, sharhi, ban dariya da labarai na sirri da suka dace da wannan waƙar, <ref name="Wits-2019"/> wani lokaci kuma yana haɗa fannoni na asalin Yahudawa a cikin waƙoƙi kamar "Jericho", "Jarusalem" da "Warsaw 1943". ==Juluka== Juluka wata haɗin gwiwar kiɗa ce ta ban mamaki a lokacin a Afirka ta Kudu, inda farar fata (Clegg) da bakar fata (Mchunu) ke rera waƙa tare. Rukunin, wanda ya ƙaru zuwa mutane shida (masu kiɗa fararen fata uku da bakar fata uku) kafin su saki kundin waƙarsu ta farko ''Universal Men'' a 1979, ya fuskanci tsangwama da toshewar baka, inda daga baya Clegg ya bayyana cewa yana da "wuya" su rera waƙa a bainar jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name="carnival">{{cite news|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1996/07/18/clegg-leads-carnival-of-creativity/|title=Clegg leads carnival of creativity|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=18 July 1996|access-date=2 July 2015|first=Brian|last=Byrnes}}</ref> Rukunin ya kalubalanci dokokin mulkin wariya na lokacin, suna yawon shakatawa da rera waƙa a wurare masu zaman kansu, ciki har da jami’o’i, coci-coci, ɗakunan kwana, da gidaje don jawo hankalin masu saurare, saboda kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasa ba su yarda da waƙarsu ba.<ref name="official"/> Hakazalika, kiɗan rukunin ya haɗa salon Zulu, Celtic, da kuma rock, tare da waƙoƙin da ke da Turanci da Zulu.<ref name="carnival"/> Waƙoƙin su galibi suna ɗauke da saƙonnin siyasa da suka ɓoye da nuni ga yaki da mulkin wariyar launi,<ref name="Korpe2004">{{cite book |last=Drewett |first=Michael |date=2004 |editor-last=Korpe |editor-first=Marie |title=Shoot the Singer!: Music Censorship Today |chapter=Reinventing Subversion: Resisting Censorship in Apartheid South Africa |publisher=Zed Books |location=London/New York |isbn=1842775057 |page=89}}</ref> ko da yake Clegg ya jaddada cewa Juluka ba a yi shi da niyyar siyasa ba. "Siyasa ce ta same mu," in ji shi ga ''The Baltimore Sun'' a 1996.<ref name="carnival"/> A cikin wata hira da ''Sunday Times'' a 1989, Clegg ya ƙi a kira shi dan gwagwarmayar siyasa. "A wurina, ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa mutum ne da ya ɗaura damarar bin wata manufa. Ni ba na cikin kowace jam'iyyar siyasa. Ina goyon bayan haƙƙin ɗan adam."<ref>Allan, Jani. Vive le Zoulou Blanc! Haka ne Faransawa ke yabon Johnny suna ɗora shi saman ginshiƙi. ''Sunday Times'' (Afirka ta Kudu). 3 July 1988</ref> Kiɗan Juluka yana da saƙonni na siyasa a bayyane da cikin ɓoye; ba wai kawai nasarar rukunin (wanda ke buɗe girmamawa ga al’adun Afirka a cikin rukunin da ya haɗu launin fata biyu) ta zama kalubale ga tsarin siyasa mai nuna wariya ba, har ila yau sun fitar da waƙoƙin siyasa a fili. Alal misali, kundin waƙa ''Work for All'' (wanda ke ɗauke da waƙa mai suna iri ɗaya) ya ɗauki taken ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na Afirka ta Kudu a tsakiyar shekarun 1980.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://host.madison.com/news/opinion/column/john_nichols/john-nichols-the-singer-who-danced-with-mandela-returning-to/article_c6c8e086-6da9-54bc-af9b-dd2712cfbf4d.html|title=The singer who danced with Mandela returning to Madison|date=16 April 2014|access-date=2 July 2015|work=The Cap Times|first=John|last=Nichols}}</ref> Sakamakon waɗannan saƙonni da haɗin kai tsakanin launuka daban-daban, Clegg da sauran mambobin rukunin sun sha kama kuma an ruguza taron su a kai a kai.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=7 November 2010 |url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-11-07-white-father-of-african-rock-marks-anniversary |title=White father of African rock marks anniversary |website=Mail & Guardian |location=Johannesburg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109003643/https://mg.co.za/article/2010-11-07-white-father-of-african-rock-marks-anniversary/ |archive-date=9 November 2010 |access-date=7 May 2012}}</ref> Duk da cewa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ba ta kula da su kuma tana tsananta musu, Juluka sun yi nasarar yin rangadi a ƙasashen waje, suna waƙa a Turai, Kanada, da Amurka,<ref name="official"/> kuma sun sami kundin waƙa biyu masu darajar platinum da guda biyar masu zinariya,<ref name="carnival"/> inda suka zama shahara a duniya. An tarwatsa rukunin a 1985, lokacin da Mchunu ya daina kiɗa ya koma gonar iyalinsa domin komawa rayuwar gargajiya na kiwon shanu.<ref name=guardian>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/16/johnny-clegg-south-african-singer-and-activist-dies-aged-66|title=Johnny Clegg, South African singer and activist, dies aged 66|date=16 July 2019|access-date=17 July 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Sun sake haɗuwa da Clegg a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, kuma suka saki kundin waƙarsu ta ƙarshe a 1997 kafin su rabu har abada.<ref name=LeMonde-Jul2019/> ==Savuka== [[File:Johnny Clegg (cropped).jpg|thumb|Clegg a shekara ta 1992]] Tare da mawaki kuma mai rawa bakar fata Dudu Mntowaziwayo Ndlovu (wanda aka fi sani da Dudu Zulu), Clegg ya kafa rukunsa na biyu da ya hada launuka daban-daban, Savuka, a shekara ta 1986, inda suka ci gaba da hada wakokin Afirka da tasirin Turai. <ref name="people"/><ref name="sassen"/><ref name="carnival"/> Kundin waƙarsu na farko, ''Third World Child'', ya karya tarihi ta fuskar siyarwa a ƙasashen Turai da dama, ciki har da Faransa. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wingate.edu/about-wingate/news/south-africas-johnny-clegg-brings-high-energy-music-to-wingate-university |title=South Africa's Johnny Clegg brings high-energy music to Wingate University |website=Wingate University |location=Wingate, NC |date=17 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721113125/http://www.wingate.edu/about-wingate/news/south-africas-johnny-clegg-brings-high-energy-music-to-wingate-university |archive-date=21 July 2014 |access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> Rukunin ya ci gaba da fitar da wasu kundin waƙa, ciki har da ''Heat, Dust and Dreams'', wanda aka nada don samun lambar yabo ta Grammy Award. <ref name=Appleseed>{{cite web |title=Johnny Clegg |url=http://www.appleseedmusic.com/johnnyclegg/ |website=Appleseed Recordings |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703200442/http://www.appleseedmusic.com/johnnyclegg/ |archive-date=3 July 2015 |access-date=3 July 2015}}</ref> Johnny Clegg da Savuka sun yi waƙa a cikin gida da kuma ƙasashen waje, kodayake kin dainawa Clegg daga rawa a lokacin tsarin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu ya haifar da sabani da ƙungiyoyin yaki da wariyar launi na duniya. Duk da irin shahararsa da kuma haɗarin da ya fuskanta wajen sukar gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu, hakan ya janyo korarsa daga ƙungiyar British Musicians' Union, <ref name="people"/> kamar yadda wani marubuci ya bayyana a matsayin "hankoron fushi". <ref name=Cartwright-Jul2019/> A wani lokaci, rukunin ya tara mutane da yawa a Lyon har Michael Jackson ya soke wakarsa a can, yana ƙorafi cewa Clegg da tawagarsa sun “kwashe masa masoya”. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.networkmedien.de/119-0-South-Africa-Cologne-Zulu-Festival-CD.html|title=Cologne Zulu Festival|agency=Works of Music - Network Medien|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702220115/http://www.networkmedien.de/119-0-South-Africa-Cologne-Zulu-Festival-CD.html|archive-date=2 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 1993, rukunin ya tarwatse bayan Dudu Zulu ya rasa ransa lokacin da yake ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin direbobin haya. <ref name="sassen"/><ref name="wbur"/><ref name="carnival"/> == Juluka == Juluka wata ƙungiya ce ta kiɗa mai ban mamaki a lokacin a Afirka ta Kudu, tare da fari (Clegg) da baƙar fata (Mchunu) suna yin aiki tare. Kungiyar, wacce ta girma zuwa rukuni na mambobi shida (tare da fararen mawaƙa uku da baƙar fata mawaƙa uku) a lokacin da ta saki kundi na farko na Universal Men a 1979, ta fuskanci tsangwama da tantancewa, tare da Clegg daga baya ta ce "ba zai yiwu ba" a yi a bainar jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu. Kungiyar ta gwada dokokin zamanin wariyar launin fata, yawon shakatawa da yin wasan kwaikwayo a wuraren masu zaman kansu, gami da jami'o'i, majami'u, masauki, har ma da gidaje masu zaman kansu don jawo hankalin masu sauraro, kamar yadda masu watsa shirye-shiryen kasa ba za su buga kiɗan su ba.<ref name="official"/> Kamar yadda ba a saba gani ba, waƙoƙin ƙungiyar sun haɗu da [[Harshen Zulu|Zulu]], Celtic, da abubuwan dutse, tare da kalmomin Turanci da Zulu. Wadannan kalmomin galibi suna dauke da sakonnin siyasa da nassoshi game da yakin da ake yi da wariyar launin fata, kodayake Clegg ya ci gaba da cewa ba a yi niyyar Juluka don zama ƙungiyar siyasa ba. "Siyayya ta same mu," ya gaya wa The Baltimore Sun a shekarar 1996.<ref name="carnival" /> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 1989 tare da jaridar Sunday Times, Clegg ya musanta lakabin "mai fafutukar siyasa". "A gare ni mai fafutukar siyasar wani ne wanda ya sadaukar da kansa ga wani akidar. Ba na cikin wata jam'iyya ce ta siyasa ba. Ina tsayawa ga 'yancin ɗan adam". Waƙoƙin Juluka sun kasance a bayyane kuma a bayyane na siyasa; ba wai kawai gaskiyar nasarar ƙungiyar ba (wanda a bayyane ya yi bikin al'adun Afirka a cikin ƙungiyar launin fata biyu) ƙaya ce a cikin jiki na tsarin siyasa wanda ya dogara da rarrabe launin fata, ƙungiyar ta kuma samar da wasu waƙoƙin siyasa a bayyane. Misali, kundin Work for All (wanda ya hada da waƙar da ke da taken iri ɗaya) ya ɗauki taken [[Kungiyoyin kasuwanci a Afirka ta Kudu|Kungiyar kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu]] a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. A sakamakon sakonnin siyasa da haɗin kai na launin fata, an kama Clegg da sauran mambobin ƙungiyar sau da yawa kuma kide-kide sun rabu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=7 November 2010 |title=White father of African rock marks anniversary |url=http://www.mg.co.za/article/2010-11-07-white-father-of-african-rock-marks-anniversary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109003643/https://mg.co.za/article/2010-11-07-white-father-of-african-rock-marks-anniversary/ |archive-date=9 November 2010 |access-date=7 May 2012 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Duk da cewa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta yi watsi da shi kuma sau da yawa ta tsananta masa a gida, Juluka sun sami damar yawon shakatawa a duniya, suna wasa a Turai, Kanada, da Amurka, kuma suna da platinum guda biyu da kundin zinariya guda biyar, sun zama nasarar duniya. An rushe kungiyar a shekarar 1985, lokacin da Mchunu ya yi ritaya daga kiɗa kuma ya koma gonar iyalinsa don komawa rayuwar gargajiya ta mutanensa ta kiwon shanu.[3] An sake sake shi a takaice lokacin da Mchunu da Clegg suka sake haɗuwa a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, suka saki kundi na karshe a cikin 1997 kafin su rabu har abada. ==Sake Haduwar Juluka da Rayuwar Kanta== [[File:JohnnyClegg Huma.jpg|thumb|Johnny Clegg a ''la fête de l'Humanité'', Faransa, 2007]] A takaice, sun sake haduwa a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, Clegg da Mchunu sun sake kafa Juluka, suka fitar da wani sabon kundin wakoki,<ref name=Appleseed/> kuma suka yi rangadi a fadin duniya a shekarar 1996 tare da King Sunny Adé.<ref name="tour">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-08-01-ca-29967-story.html|title=Band, in Tune With Politics, Back on Tour|date=1 August 1996|access-date=2 July 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|first=Bill|last=Locey}}</ref> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Clegg ya fitar da kundin wakoki da dama na kansa. A wani kide-kide a shekarar 1999, shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu, Nelson Mandela, ya hau mataki tare da shi, inda ya taka rawa yayin da Johnny Clegg ke rera wakar adawa "Asimbonanga" wadda Savuka ta keɓe wa Mandela. Asimbonanga ta zama taken adawa ga ƙungiyar Mass Democratic Movement, ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar United Democratic Front. Lokacin rashin lafiya da rasuwar Mandela a shekarar 2013, bidiyon kide-kiden ya jawo hankalin kafafen watsa labarai na duniya.<ref name="wbur"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/06/25/195472719/video-for-nelson-mandela-johnny-cleggs-asimbonanga|title=VIDEO For Nelson Mandela: Johnny Clegg's 'Asimbonanga'|date=25 June 2013|access-date=2 July 2015|agency=National Public Radio}}</ref> Tsarin rangadinsa ya ragu a 2017 bayan an yi masa tiyata saboda cutar sankarar hanta, kuma Clegg ya gabatar da kide-kidensa na ƙarshe a Harare, Zimbabwe a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2018.<ref name="official"/><ref name="wbur"/>[[File:Johnny Clegg .jpg|thumb|Clegg yana kan mataki a 2013]] ==A cikin al'adu masu shahara== Wakar Clegg "Scatterlings of Africa" ita ce kadai da ta kai matsayin shiga cikin jadawalin UK Singles Chart, inda ta kai lamba ta 44 a watan Fabrairu 1983 tare da Juluka da kuma lamba ta 75 a watan Mayu 1987 a matsayin Johnny Clegg da Savuka. Shekara ta gaba an saka wakar a cikin waƙoƙin fim ɗin da ya ci kyautar Oscar a 1988 mai suna ''Rain Man''.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums">{{cite book | first= David | last= Roberts | year= 2006 | title= British Hit Singles & Albums | edition= 19th | publisher= Guinness World Records Limited | location= London | isbn= 1-904994-10-5 | page= 110}}</ref> Wakarsa "Life is a Magic Thing" an saka ta a cikin fim ɗin ''FernGully: The Last Rainforest''.<ref name="syracuse071719">{{cite news|url=https://www.syracuse.com/celebrity-news/2019/07/johnny-clegg-dead-south-african-singer-heard-in-george-of-the-jungle-ferngully-was-66.html|agency=syracuse.com|title=Johnny Clegg dead: South African singer heard in 'George of the Jungle,' 'FernGully' was 66|date=17 July 2019|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> Wakar Savuka "Dela" ta fito a cikin waƙoƙin fim ɗin 1997 ''George of the Jungle'' da kuma ci gaban fim ɗin na 2003,<ref name="syracuse071719"/> yayin da "Great Heart" ta kasance taken fim ɗin 1986 ''Jock of the Bushveld'' da kuma waƙar ƙarshe a fim ɗin 2000 ''Whispers: An Elephant's Tale''. "Cruel, Crazy, Beautiful World" ta fito a cikin fim ɗin 1990 ''Opportunity Knocks'' da kuma fim ɗin 1991 ''Career Opportunities''.<ref name="syracuse071719"/> Jimmy Buffett ya rera "Great Heart" don kundinsa na 1988 mai suna ''Hot Water''.<ref name=sexton>{{cite news|last=Sexton|first=Paul|url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/johnny-clegg-dies-at-66/|agency=uDiscover Music|title=Johnny Clegg, South African Musical Hero And Anthropologist, Dies At 66|date=17 July 2019|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> ==Rashin lafiya da mutuwa== An gano Johnny Clegg da ciwon daji na pancreatic a shekara ta 2015,<ref name=Lewis-2017>{{cite web |last=Lewis |first=Randy |date=16 August 2017 |title=South Africa's Johnny Clegg, with cancer in remission, to embark the Final Journey U.S. tour |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-johnny-clegg-cancer-final-journey-us-tour-20170816-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816205243/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-johnny-clegg-cancer-final-journey-us-tour-20170816-story.html |archive-date=16 August 2017 |access-date=14 November 2017}}</ref> wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da mutuwarsa a ranar 16 ga Yuli 2019. Ya rasu a gidansa da ke Johannesburg yana kewaye da masoyansa, kuma an binne shi washegari a makabartar Westpark a Johannesburg.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=16 July 2019 |title=Legendary artist Johnny Clegg dies at 66 |url= https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/gauteng/legendary-artist-johnny-clegg-dies-at-66-29321787 |website=Independent Online (IOL) |location=Cape Town |access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Remembering a legend: 9 of Johnny Clegg's biggest hits |url=https://www.channel24.co.za/Music/News/remembering-a-legend-9-of-johnny-cleggs-biggest-hits-20190716? |access-date=16 July 2019 |work=Channel |date=16 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Clegg ya bar matar sa, Jenny, da 'ya'yansa biyu, Jesse (wanda shi ma mawaki ne)<ref>{{cite web |last=Thakurdin |first=Karishma |date=17 July 2019 |title=Jesse Clegg on his Dad's Death: I struggle to imagine a world without you |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-07-17-jesse-clegg-on-his-dads-death-i-struggle-to-imagine-a-world-without-you/ |website=TimesLIVE |location=Johannesburg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717134645/https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2019-07-17-jesse-clegg-on-his-dads-death-i-struggle-to-imagine-a-world-without-you/ |archive-date=17 July 2019 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> da Jaron. A shekarar 2018, yayin da Clegg ke fama da rashin lafiya, fiye da mawakan Afirka ta Kudu 50 sun haɗu don su rera wakar Clegg mai suna "The Crossing" a matsayin girmamawa ga Clegg da gudunmawarsa ga waƙoƙin Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goodthingsguy.com/lifestyle/friends-of-johnny-clegg/|title=50 South African musicians came together to honour Johnny Clegg|first=Brent|last=Lindeque|date=6 December 2018|publisher=Good Things Guy|access-date=21 August 2024}}</ref> Asalin wakar Clegg ya rubuta ce domin tunawa da abokin aikinsa Dudu Zulu wanda aka kashe a shekara ta 1992, kuma tana nuni da shigowa daga rayuwa zuwa mutuwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://capeculturalcollective.org.za/the-crossing-by-johnny-clegg-a-song-of-reflection-and-tribute/|title=The Crossing by Johnny Clegg: A Song of Reflection and Tribute|first=Chadwin|last=Nel|date=28 May 2024|publisher=Cape Cultural Collective|access-date=21 August 2024|archive-date=8 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908071130/https://capeculturalcollective.org.za/the-crossing-by-johnny-clegg-a-song-of-reflection-and-tribute/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == ===Wallafe-wallafen kimiyya=== *{{cite book |last=Clegg |first=Jonathan |year=1981 |chapter=Ukubuyisa Isidumbu – "Mayar da Gawa": Bincike kan akidar daukar fansa a yankunan karkara na Msinga da Mpofana (1882–1944) |editor-last=Bonner |editor-first=P. |title=Working Papers in Southern African Studies |volume=2 |publisher=Ravan Press (tare da Hadin Gwiwar Cibiyar Nazarin Afrika) |location=Johannesburg |pages=164–198 |isbn=0854946446 |oclc=243478214}} *{{cite journal|last=Clegg|first=Jonathan|year=1981|title=Wakar Ma'aikatan Zulu Ƴan Hijira a Johannesburg: Mayar da hankali kan Concertina da Guitar|journal=Papers Presented at the Symposium on Ethnomusicology|publisher=International Library of African Music|location=Grahamstown|editor-link=Andrew Tracey|editor-first=Andrew |editor-last=Tracey}} *{{cite journal|last=Clegg|first=Jonathan|year=1982|title=Fahimtar Raye-raye na Afrika: Salon Zulu Isishameni|journal=Papers Read at Second Symposium on Ethnomusicology, 24–26 Satumba 1981, Jami'ar Rhodes, Grahamstown, Afrika ta Kudu|publisher=Institute of Social and Economic Research|location=Grahamstown|editor-link=Andrew Tracey|editor-first=Andrew |editor-last=Tracey}} *{{cite conference |last=Clegg |first=Jonathan |date=1984 |title=Bincike kan salon rawa na Umzansi |book-title=Papers presented at the Third and Fourth symposia on Ethnomusicology: Sashen Kida, Jami'ar Natal, Durban, 16 zuwa 19 Satumba 1982; Sashen Kida, Jami'ar Rhodes, 7 zuwa 8 Oktoba 1983 |publisher=Institute of Social and Economic Research |location=Grahamstown |editor-link=Andrew Tracey |editor-first=Andrew |editor-last=Tracey |oclc=13658380 |isbn=086810096X}} * {{cite book |last1=Clegg |first1=Johnny |last2=Drewett |first2=Michael |name-list-style=and |editor-last1=Drewett |editor-first1=Michael |editor-last2=Cloonan |editor-first2=Martin |date=2006 |chapter=Me yasa ba ku rera waƙa kan Ganyaye da Mafarkai ba? Tunanin Takurawa waƙoƙi a zamanin wariyar launin fata a Afrika ta Kudu |title=Popular Music Censorship in Africa |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/popularmusiccens0000unse/page/126/mode/1up |url=https://archive.org/details/popularmusiccens0000unse/mode/1up |url-access=registration |location=Aldershot |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |pages=127–136 |isbn=9780754652915 |via=Internet Archive}} === Tarihin Rayuwa === *{{cite book |last1=Clegg |first1=Johnny |title=Scatterling of Africa - My Early Years |date=2021 |publisher=Pan Macmillian |location=Johannesburg |isbn=9781770107588}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Scatterling of Africa, Johnny Clegg's Early Years |url=https://www.panmacmillan.co.za/blogs/news/scatterling-of-africa-johnny-clegg-s-early-years |website=Pan Macmillian South Africa |access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref> ==Discography== ===[[Juluka]]=== *1979 ''[[Universal Men]]'' *1981 ''[[African Litany]]'' *1982 ''[[Ubuhle Bemvelo]]'' *1982 ''[[Scatterlings]]'' *1983 ''[[Work For All]]'' *1984 ''[[Stand Your Ground (Juluka album)]]'' *1984 ''[[Musa Ukungilandela]]'' *1984 ''[[The International Tracks]]'' *1986 ''Juluka Live: [[The Good Hope Concerts]]'' *1991 ''The Best of Juluka'' *1992 ''South Africa 9: Johnny Clegg & Sipho Mchunu (Duo Juluka) + [[Ladysmith Black Mambazo]]: Cologne Zulu Festival'' (recorded 1977 & 1981) *1996 ''Putumayo Presents A Johnny Clegg & Juluka Collection'' *1997 ''[[Crocodile Love]]'' (released in South Africa as ''Ya Vuka Inkunzi'') ===[[Savuka]]=== * 1986 ''Johnny Clegg and Savuka EP'' *1987 ''[[Third World Child]]'' *1988 ''[[Shadow Man (Johnny Clegg & Savuka album)|Shadow Man]]'' *1989 ''[[Cruel, Crazy, Beautiful World]]'' *1993 ''[[Heat, Dust and Dreams]]'' *2001 ''Live and Rarities'' ===Solo=== *1985 ''Third World Child'' *2002 ''New World Survivor'' *2003 ''A South African Story - Live at the [[Nelson Mandela]] Theatre'' *2006 ''One Life'' *2010 ''Human'' *2010 ''My Favourite Zulu Street Guitar Songs'' *2014 ''Best, Live & Unplugged: Clegg at the Baxter Theatre Cape Town'' *2017 ''King of Time'' ===Compilation=== *2008 ''Power of One: the Songs of Johnny Clegg''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.discogs.com/release/15760976-Various-Power-Of-One-The-Songs-Of-Johnny-Clegg | title=Various - Power of One the Songs of Johnny Clegg | website=[[Discogs]] | date=13 August 2023 }}</ref> ===DVD=== *2003 ''Johnny Clegg Live at the Nelson Mandela Theatre'' *2004 ''Live! and more...''<ref>{{cite book |last=Cliff |first=Jimmy |editor-last=Larkin |editor-first=Colin |date=2011 |chapter=Clegg, Johnny |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NNmFiUnSmUC&pg=PA183 |edition=5th Concise |title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music |publisher=Omnibus Press |location=London |author-link=Jimmy Cliff |editor-link=Colin Larkin |pages=183–185 |isbn=9780857125958 |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> *2010 ''Johnny Clegg 30th Anniversary Concert at Emmarentia Dam''<ref name="fr">{{cite web | url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Johnny+Clegg | title=Johnny Clegg discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=lescharts.com |access-date=21 December 2013}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p5yk470ww3sg7y3n4zmyg39xv1k2qn0 0 105950 840311 690719 2026-05-26T19:49:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jam'iyyar Democrat ta [[Gini|Guinea]] - African Democratic Rally (Faransanci: Parti Démocratique de Guinée-Rassemblement Démocratif Africain) jam'iyya ce ta siyasa a Guinea wacce ta mamaye siyasar Guinea a karkashin [[One-party state|tsarin jam'iyya daya]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kilson |first=Martin L. |date=1963 |title=Authoritarian and Single-Party Tendencies in African Politics |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/authoritarian-and-singleparty-tendencies-in-african-politics/C06E363B216E1DC2324E77AABDE4FE40 |journal=World Politics |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=262–294 |doi=10.2307/2009376 |issn=1086-3338 |jstor=2009376 |s2cid=154624186 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An kafa jam'iyyar a matsayin reshe na African Democratic Rally (RDA) a watan Yunin shekara ta 1947. A ranar 19 ga Oktoba shekara ta 1958, jam'iyyar ta yanke alakarta da RDA, wasu mambobinta sun goyi bayan hadin kai da [[Faransa]]. Shugaban jam'iyyar, [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]], ya zama shugaban kasar na farko. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya ayyana PDG a matsayin jam'iyya ta doka a kasar. A matsayinsa na shugaban PDG, Touré shine kadai dan takarar shugabancin jamhuriya, kuma saboda haka an zabe shi ba tare da hamayya ba zuwa wa'adin shekaru bakwai hudu. Kowace shekaru biyar, an mayar da jerin sunayen 'yan takarar PDG zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa. Bayan mutuwar Touré da [[1984 Guinean coup d'état|juyin mulki]] da [[Lansana Conté]] ya shirya a shekara ta 1984, an rushe PDG. A shekara ta 1992, an farfado da PDG-RDA a karkashin jagorancin Isma'il Gushein. A cikin Zaben majalisar dokoki da aka gudanar a ranar 30 ga Yuni shekara ta 2002, jam'iyyar ta lashe kashi 3.4% na kuri'un da aka kada da kuma 3 daga cikin kujeru 114. <ref name="African Elections Database">{{Cite web |title=Elections in Guinea |url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/gn.html |access-date=2007-02-24 |archive-date=2018-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910013348/http://africanelections.tripod.com/gn.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin zabe == === Zaben shugaban kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Dan takarar jam'iyya !Zaɓuɓɓuka !% !Sakamakon |- |1961 | rowspan="4" |[[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] |1,576,580 |100% |'''Zaɓaɓɓu''' {{Y}} |- |1968 |1,990,726 |100% |'''Zaɓaɓɓu''' {{Y}} |- |1974 |2,432,129 |100% | Y{{Y}} |- |1982 |3,063,692 |100% |'''Zaɓaɓɓu''' {{Y}} |- |1993 |Isma'il Gushein |11,696 |0.6% |'''Ya ɓace''' {{Nay}} |} === Zaben Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Zaɓuɓɓuka !Shugaban jam'iyyar ! colspan="2" |Zaɓuɓɓuka !% !Kujerun zama !+/- !Matsayi !Sakamakon |- |1957 | rowspan="5" |[[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] | colspan="2" |584,438 |77.4% |{{Composition bar|56|60}} |56{{Increase}} |Na farko{{Increase}}| {{yes2|Supermajority government}} |- |1963 | colspan="2" | |100% |{{Composition bar|75|75}} |19{{Increase}} |Na farko{{Steady}}| {{yes2|Sole legal party}} |- |1968 | colspan="2" |1,990,726 |100% |{{Composition bar|75|75}} |{{Steady}} |Na farko{{Steady}}| {{yes2|Sole legal party}} |- |1974 | colspan="2" |2,432,129 |100% |{{Composition bar|150|150}} |75{{Increase}} |Na farko{{Steady}}| {{yes2|Sole legal party}} |- |1980 | colspan="2" |2,393,600 |100% |{{Composition bar|210|210}} |60{{Increase}} |Na farko{{Steady}}| {{yes2|Sole legal party}} |- | rowspan="2" |1995 | rowspan="8" |Isma'il Gushein |Daidaitawa |57,942 |3% | rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|2|114}} | rowspan="2" |208{{Decrease}} | rowspan="2" |Na 6{{Decrease}}| rowspan=2 {{no2|Opposition}} |- |Mazabar | | |- | rowspan="2" |2002 |Daidaitawa |107,666 |3.4% | rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|3|114}} | rowspan="2" |1{{Increase}} | rowspan="2" |Na huɗu{{Increase}}| rowspan=2 {{no2|Opposition}} |- |Mazabar | | |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |Mazabar |19,603 |0.66% | rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|0|114}} | rowspan="2" |3{{Decrease}} | rowspan="2" |Na 20{{Decrease}}| rowspan=2 {{eliminated|Extra-parliamentary}} |- |Daidaitawa |10,539 |0.33% |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |Mazabar | | | rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|1|114}} | rowspan="2" |1{{Increase}} | rowspan="2" |Na 23{{Decrease}}| rowspan=2 {{no2|Opposition}} |- |Daidaitawa |27,640 |0.96% |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jam'iyyar Dimokuradiyyar Afirka ta Guinea|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Afirka ta Guinea]] == Manazarta == jzm1pc5glpqjutx6elmtlykpv9zepu3 0 106869 840431 729474 2026-05-27T09:18:59Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing 03092007.jpg with [[File:Grogue,_uma_bebida_de_Cabo_Verde_03092007.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: old name is not meaningful). 840431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[Fayil:Cachupa_2.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|''Cachupa'', abincin ƙasa na Cape Verde]] [[Fayil:LocationCapeVerde.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|Wurin Cape Verde]] [[Fayil:Chamuças_en_Afrique_portugaise.JPG|right|thumb|300x300px|''Chamuças'']] [[Fayil:São_Filipe-Plat_de_poulet.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Kayan kaza da aka dafa tare da tumatir, sananne ne a tsibirin Fogo]] [[Fayil:Grogue, uma bebida de Cabo Verde 03092007.jpg|right|thumb|333x333px|''Grogue'', mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na Cape Verde]] [[Fayil:Cuscus,_mel_i_quejo_di_terra.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Couscous tare da molasses da cuku na awaki]] '''Abinci na [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]]''' abinci ne na [[Abincin Yammacin Afirka|Yammacin Afirka]] wanda ya fi rinjayar abinci na Portuguese, Kudancin Turai da Yammacin Turai da Afirka ta Yamma. Cape Verde ta kasance mulkin mallaka na [[Portugal]] daga mulkin mallaka har zuwa 1975. Saboda tsibirin yana cikin [[Tekun Atalanta|Tekun Atlantika]], kifi yana da mahimmanci a cikin abincin Cape Verde. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman al'adun Cape Verdean shine Grogus na abin sha, rum mai ƙarfi da aka yi daga sukari mai tsami a tsibirin Santo Antao da Santiago. Ana yin abin sha a garuruwa kamar Paul a Santo Antao da Cidade Velha a Santiago ta amfani da trapiche. Bambancin abin sha shine ponche (punch) wanda aka yi masa daɗi tare da madara ko sukari. Saboda maye a kan cinye Grogus, yawancin mawaƙa na Cape Verde suna cinye shi da neman wahayi. Masara da wake sune kayan abinci na Cape Verdean.<ref name="Almeida">{{Cite web |last=Raymond Almeida |title=Cachupa di Cabo Verde |url=http://www.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/cachupa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205234921/http://www.umassd.edu/specialprograms/caboverde/cachupa.html# |archive-date=2006-12-05 |access-date=2017-01-17 |publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Dartmouth|UMassD]]}}</ref> Har ila yau sanannun shinkafa, dankali, cassava da kayan lambu kamar carot, kale, squash, kifi da nama kamar tuna, sawfish, lobster, kaza, naman alade da kwai. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da Portuguese suka bari a tsibirin shine zaitun da Ruwan inabi na Alentejo waɗanda har yanzu ana shigo da su. ''Cachupa'', stew, an dauke shi abincin ƙasa na Cape Verde wanda ya haɗa da mashed mas, albasa, green banana, manioc, dankali mai zaki, squash da yams. Kwallon Manioc yana daya daga cikin mafi yawanci a Cape Verde.<ref>Maria Augusta Carvalho (2013). ''Comeres de África Falados em Português''. Casa das Letras. p. 129. {{ISBN|978-972-46-2188-3}}</ref> Abincin teku sun haɗa da ''Bafa'' da búzio cabra, waɗanda aka yi daga conch bubonian (''Persististrombus latus''). A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2002, gwamnatin Cape Verde ta haramta kashe tururuwa ta hanyar doka, saboda shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity a 1995 da kuma Yarjejeniyar Comercio Internacional de Espécies de Fauna e Flora Selvagem Ameaçadas de Extinção (CITES). <ref> {{Cite web |title=Cabo Verde: Tartarugas marinhas ameaçadas de extinção em menos de dez anos - RTP Notícias |url=http://ww1.rtp.pt/noticias/index.php?article=348687&visual=26&rss=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229203625/http://ww1.rtp.pt/noticias/index.php?article=348687&visual=26&rss=0 |archive-date=2012-02-29 |access-date=2008-07-07 |publisher=ww1.rtp.pt}} </ref> Abincin da ya taɓa shahara a tsibirin Santiago mai suna turtle steak ya ɓace a hankali. Strela shine giya mafi mashahuri a Cape Verde. An fara samar da shi a shekara ta 2006; ya maye gurbin giya na Portuguese ciki har da Super Bock da Sagres (a shekara ta 2009). <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2009 |title=Cabo Verde: Cerveja Strela ultrapassou Sagres e quer passar Superbock |trans-title=Strela drink Surpassed Sagres and to Surpass Superbock |url=http://noticias.sapo.cv/info/artigo/1032287.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022221653/http://noticias.sapo.cv/info/artigo/1032287.html |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=10 November 2016 |language=pt}}</ref> == Abincin == * Manel Antone stew [yana buƙatar bayani] - stew na naman sa  * Antonense shrimp stew (conserva de camarão) - an samo shi a Santo Antão * Antonense naman alade (tsaron naman alade) - an samo shi a Santo Antão * Arroz de cabidela de marisco a dadal - abincin shinkafa na tsibirin San Vicente * ''Bafa'' - abincin rana da aka yi da abincin teku ko nama, an shirya shi da sauri, a matsayin shigarwa ko a matsayin babban abinci, yawanci tare da giya, ruwan inabi, grogue, a cikin hanyar biki. * Abinci tare da squid, fries da shinkafa * Abincin shrimp na Bibi (caldo de camarão a moda da mama Bibi - abincin teku ya samo asali ne a Chã das Pedras kudu maso yammacin Ribeira Grande a tsibirin Santo Antão * Búzio cabra - abincin teku da aka yi daga Bubonian conch (''Persististrombus latus''), kwari na teku * ''Abincin masara / masara, abincin ƙasa na Cape Verde, iri-iri sun haɗa da cachupa frita, ''Cachupa guisada'' ko cachupa refogada, ma'ana "''Cachupa da aka dafa''" da kuma nau'o'i biyu, cachuba rica yana da ƙarin sinadaran fiye da mafi sauki, cachuya pobre.<ref name="Almeida"/> * Cabrito - jariri akuya * Caldo de peixe ko "Calderado" - abincin kifi (yawanci ''Cavala'', mackerel) tare da dankali, kabewa, karoshi, kayan lambu, wanda aka yi da shinkafa, tumatir, masara * Nama guizada - stew stew * ''Chamuças'' - abincin ''samosas'' na Capeverdean, abincin da ya samo asali ne daga yankin Indiya * [[Couscous]] - daya daga cikin shahararrun a Cape Verde, salon Capeverdean yana nuna nau'in wake-far da sukari da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin cake ko burodi, wanda aka ci tare da man shanu da / ko shan kofi a lokacin abincin safe. * Frango asado - kaza da aka gasa * An dafa shi da murhu * Feijoada (a la Cape Verde) - stew na wake mai tsada * Cuku na awaki tare da jam na papaya * Frango assado com tomates - wani abincin da ya shahara a tsibirin FogoWutar * Ervilhas assadas - wani abincin da ya shahara a tsibirin Fogo * ''[[grog]]" id="mwqQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Grogue">Grogue'' ko Capeverdean grog - abin sha mai shaye-shaye (yanzu kuma ba mai shaye'a ba), sananne a tsibirin Santo Antão da Santiago <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grogue Official |url=http://www.grogueofficial.com/ |access-date=13 October 2016 |publisher=Grogue Official |archive-date=1 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001175333/http://grogueofficial.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Guisado de percebes (saki na barnacle) - abincin tsibirin São Vicente * Lobster stew - Lobster ya yi tururi kuma ya yi amfani da sauce na zabi. * Lagosta suada - lobster da aka dafa a kan jan sauce. * Lapas - mussels, stewed limpets da peppers. * Morreia eel - an dafa shi da man fetur, kuma sau da yawa ana amfani da shi azaman ''Bafa'' * Legumes cuidos - kayan lambu da aka dafa * ''Modje na Sao Nicolau'' - stew na naman sa * Percebes - yatsun teku ko gooseneck barnacles, an yi amfani da su a cikin babban tukunya, an ci su ta hanyar cirewa daga ƙarshen kuma an cire fata don bayyana nama, mai kama da squid. * Cracas - barnacle ya yi aiki har yanzu yana mannewa da dutse tare da slice na lemun tsami da kuma dogon kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da shi don haɗa nama daga harsashi. * Turɓaya - octopus * Shrimp a cikin ruwan inabi na tafarnuwa * Turtle steak (bife de tartaruga) - ba a samuwa ba, da zarar sananne a tsibirin Santiago * <nowiki><i id="mwyg">Xerém</i></nowiki> - abincin masara da aka yi da miya. == Abin sha == * Strela - giya * Yawancin ruwan inabi daga Chã das Caldeiras ciki har da Santa Luzia da Brava == Abincin cin abinci == * Mandioca Bolinhos tare da zuma - ƙwallon manioc * Filhoses - wanda kuma ake kira "Fdjoss", an dafa ƙwallon ayaba da aka yi da gari da sukari == Dubi kuma ==   * [[Jerin abincin Afirka]] * [[Abincin Yammacin Afirka]] == Manazarta == 3px2jblbsh6lz6e4ecwgdkrlkjt6wmo 0 107516 840283 724221 2026-05-26T14:10:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tasirin sauyin yanayi ga lafiyar dan adam''' yana da yawa domin yana kara kamuwa da cututtuka masu alaka da zafi da mace-mace, cututtukan numfashi, da yaduwar [[Cututtukan kirji|cututtuka]] masu yaduwa. Akwai yarjejeniya mai yawa tsakanin masu bincike, kwararrun kiwon lafiya da kungiyoyi cewa [[sauyin yanayi]] shine babbar barazanar [[Kiwon Lafiya daTsafta|kiwon lafiya]] a duniya na karni na 21.<ref>Atwoli, Lukoye; Baqui, Abdullah H; Benfield, Thomas; Bosurgi, Raffaella; Godlee, Fiona; Hancocks, Stephen; Horton, Richard; Laybourn-Langton, Laurie; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto; Norman, Ian; Patrick, Kirsten; Praities, Nigel; Olde Rikkert, Marcel G M; Rubin, Eric J; Sahni, Peush (2021-09-04). "Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health". The Lancet. 398 (10304): 939–941. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01915-2. PMC 8428481. <nowiki>PMID 34496267</nowiki>.</ref><ref>WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change – Sign the call". World Health Organization. 2015. Archived from the original on October 8, 2015. Retrieved 2020-04-19</ref> Haɓaka yanayin zafi da canje-canje a yanayin yanayi suna ƙara tsananin zafi, matsanancin yanayi da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiya, rauni ko mutuwa. Raƙuman zafi da matsanancin yanayin yanayi suna da babban tasiri ga lafiya kai tsaye da kuma a kaikaice<ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/c4g8pr4d2e1o.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17539467626123&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Farticles%2Fc4g8pr4d2e1o</ref> Lokacin da mutane suka gamu da matsanancin zafi na dogon lokaci za su iya samun ciwon zafi da kuma mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da zafi.<ref>https://oceanfdn.org/ha/damuwar-yanayi/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baya ga tasirin kai tsaye, canjin yanayi da matsanancin yanayi na haifar da canje-canje a cikin biosphere. Wasu cututtuka da ake ɗauka da kuma yaɗa su ta hanyar masu rai kamar sauro da kaska (wanda aka sani da vectors) na iya zama ruwan dare a wasu yankuna. Cututtukan sun hada da zazzabin dengue da zazzabin cizon sauro. Haka nan kamuwa da cututtukan da ke haifar da ruwa kamar na [[gudawa]] zai yiyu.<ref>Levy, Karen; Smith, Shanon M.; Carlton, Elizabeth J. (2018). "Climate Change Impacts on Waterborne Diseases: Moving Toward Designing Interventions". Current Environmental Health Reports. 5 (2): 272–282. Bibcode:2018CEHR....5..272L. doi:10.1007/s40572-018-0199-7. ISSN 2196-5412. PMC 6119235. <nowiki>PMID 29721700</nowiki>.</ref> Canje-canjen yanayi na iya haifar da raguwar amfanin gona ga wasu amfanin gona da yankuna, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar farashin abinci, ƙarancin abinci, da [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]]. Canjin yanayi na iya rage samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha mai tsafta. Matsanancin yanayi da tasirinsa na kiwon lafiya na iya yin barazana ga rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arzikin mutane. Wadannan abubuwan tare zasu iya haifar da karuwar talauci, ƙaura ɗan adam, rikice-rikicen tashin hankali, da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Sauyin yanayi yana shafar lafiyar ɗan adam a kowane zamani, tun daga ƙuruciya har zuwa samartaka, girma da tsufa. Abubuwa kamar shekaru, jinsi da matsayi na zamantakewa suna tasiri ga yadda waɗannan tasirin ke zama haɗari mai yaduwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Waɗannan sun haɗa da yara, tsofaffi, ma'aikatan waje da marasa galihu: 15 == Bayanin tasirin lafiya da hanyoyin == Za a iya karkasa illolin da sauyin yanayi ke haifarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam zuwa tasiri kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye: 1867  Matsanancin yanayi da suka haɗa da yawaitar guguwa, ambaliya, fari, zafin rana da gobarar daji na iya haifar da rauni, rashin lafiya, ko mutuwa kai tsaye. Tasirin sauyin yanayi kai tsaye yana faruwa ne ta hanyar sauye-sauye a yanayin da ke canza tsarin yanayin duniya a kan babban sikelin. Wadannan sun hada da kara tabarbarewar ingancin ruwa, gurbacewar iska, karancin abinci, da saurin yaduwar kwari masu dauke da cututtuka. Dukansu tasirin kiwon lafiya kai tsaye da kaikaice da tasirinsu sun bambanta a duk faɗin duniya kuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyin mutane daban-daban dangane da shekaru, jinsi, motsi da sauran dalilai. Misali, bambance-bambance a cikin samar da sabis na kiwon lafiya ko ci gaban tattalin arziki zai haifar da haɗarin lafiya daban-daban da sakamako ga mutane a yankuna daban-daban, tare da ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ci gaba suna fuskantar haɗarin kiwon lafiya. A wurare da yawa, haɗuwa da ƙananan matsayi na zamantakewar zamantakewa da matsayi na jinsi yana haifar da karuwar haɗari ga lafiyar mata da 'yan mata a sakamakon sauyin yanayi, idan aka kwatanta da wadanda maza da maza suke fuskanta (ko da yake zance yana iya amfani da shi a wasu lokuta). Illolin kiwon lafiya daban-daban waɗanda ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi sun haɗa da cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan numfashi, cututtukan cututtuka, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, tabin hankali, rashin lafiya, rauni da guba: Hoto na 2 Har ila yau, samar da kiwon lafiya na iya yin tasiri ta hanyar rushewar tsarin kiwon lafiya da kuma lalata abubuwan more rayuwa saboda abubuwan da suka haifar da yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa. Don haka, gina tsarin kiwon lafiya masu jure yanayin yanayi shine fifiko<ref>Myers, Samuel S.; Bernstein, Aaron (2011-02-01). "The coming health crisis: indirect health effects of global climate change". F1000 Biology Reports. 3: 3. doi:10.3410/B3-3. PMC 3042309. <nowiki>PMID 21399764</nowiki>.</ref>: 15 == Haɗarin lafiya daga matsanancin yanayi da al'amuran yanayi == Ƙarin bayani: Tasirin sauyin yanayi § Yanayi, da matsanancin yanayi Sauyin yanayi yana ƙaruwa da yawa da ƙarfin wasu abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi mai tsanani. Matsanancin zafi da yanayin sanyi su ne mafi kusantar karuwa da tabarbarewar ruwan sama mai yawa ko dusar ƙanƙara da ƙaruwar tsananin fari. Mummunan yanayi, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, zafin rana, fari da gobarar daji na iya haifar da raunuka, mutuwa da yaduwar cututtuka.[Misali, annoba a cikin gida na iya faruwa saboda asarar kayayyakin more rayuwa, kamar asibitoci da ayyukan tsafta, amma kuma saboda sauyin yanayi da ke haifar da yanayin da ya dace da halittu masu dauke da cututtuka.<ref>Watts, Nick; Adger, W Neil; Agnolucci, Paolo; Blackstock, Jason; Byass, Peter; Cai, Wenjia; et al. (2015). "Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health". The Lancet. 386 (10006): 1861–1914. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6. hdl:10871/17695. <nowiki>PMID 26111439</nowiki>. S2CID 205979317.</ref> == Manazarta == t0jetcap9w6r081ct0b9r7ieu45uxco 0 107964 840451 673499 2026-05-27T10:56:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Gregory Markoff''' (an haife shi a watan Oktoba 24, 1949 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Ask a Reporter Q&A: John Markoff |url=https://nytimes.com/learning/students/ask_reporters/John_Markoff.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015031817/http://nytimes.com/learning/students/ask_reporters/John_Markoff.html |archive-date=October 15, 2009 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=John Gregory Markoff |url=http://futureofwork.mit.edu/Speaker_John_Markoff |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302103703/http://futureofwork.mit.edu/Speaker_John_Markoff |archive-date=2018-03-02 |access-date=2018-03-06 |website=AI and the Future of Work |publisher=MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) |language=en}}</ref> ) [[ɗan jarida]] ne wanda aka fi sanim aikinsa na ɗaukar fasaha a ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'' na tsawon shekaru 28 har ya yi ritaya a 2016, da littafi da jerin labarai game da 1990s bi da kama dan gwanin kwamfuta [[Kevin Mitnick]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amazon.com: John Markoff: Books, Biography, Blog, Audiobooks, Kindle |url=https://www.amazon.com/John-Markoff/e/B004LQ8LO6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227134218/http://www.amazon.com/John-Markoff/e/B004LQ8LO6 |archive-date=2015-02-27 |website=Amazon}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=John Markoff |url=https://dld-conference.com/users/john-markoff |access-date=2019-08-20 |website=DLD Conference}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Markoff an haife shi a Oakland, California, kuma ya girma a Palo Alto, [[California]] . <ref name=":0"/> Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Whitman, Walla Walla, Washington, tare da BA a fannin zamantakewa a 1971. Bugu da ƙari, ya sami MA a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Oregon a 1976. <ref name="NNDB">{{Cite web |title=John Markoff |url=http://www.nndb.com/people/176/000088909/ |access-date=16 March 2012 |website=NNDB |publisher=Soylent Communications}}</ref> Bayan ya bar makarantar digiri, ya koma California inda ya fara rubutawa don Sabis na Labaran Pacific, madadin labaran-labarai da ke [[San Francisco]] . Ya ba da kansa ga wallafe-wallafe da yawa ciki har da ''The Nation'', ''Mother Jones'' da ''Asabar Review'' . A cikin 1981 ya zama wani ɓangare na ainihin ma'aikatan masana'antar kwamfuta na mako-mako ''InfoWorld'' . A cikin 1984 ya zama edita a ''Mujallar Byte'' kuma a cikin 1985 ya bar zama ɗan jarida a sashin kasuwanci na ''San Francisco Examiner'', inda ya rubuta game da [[Silicon Valley]] . A cikin 1988 ya koma New York don rubuta wa sashen kasuwanci na ''New York Times'' . A cikin Nuwamba 1988 ya ba da rahoton cewa Robert Tappan Morris, ɗan Jami'ar Tsaron Tsaro ta ƙasa Robert Morris, shi ne marubucin abin da za a sani da tsutsa ta Intanet . A cikin Disamba 1993 ya rubuta wani labarin farko game da [[Yanar Gizo na Duniya|Gidan Yanar Gizo na Duniya]], yana magana da shi a matsayin "taswirar abubuwan da aka binne na Zamanin Bayanai." === Markoff da Kevin Mitnick === [[Fayil:Markoffnytsfoff.jpg|thumb|John Markoff a ofishin San Francisco ''New York Times'']] A ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1994, ya rubuta labarin game da [[Kevin Mitnick]], wanda a lokacin ya kasance mai gudu daga wasu hukumomin tilasta bin doka. Ya sake rubuta wasu sassa da yawa yana bayanin kama Mitnick. Markoff kuma ya rubuta tare, tare da Tsutomu Shimomura, littafin ''Takedown: The Pursuit and Capture of America's Most Wanted Computer Outlaw'' game da korar. Rubutun Markoff game da Mitnick ya kasance batun zargi daga magoya bayan Mitnick da jam'iyyun da ba su da alaka da su wadanda suka ci gaba da cewa asusun Markoff ya yi karin gishiri ko ma ƙirƙira ayyukan Mitnick da nasarorin. Har ila yau, Jonathan Littman ya tuhumi Markoff da laifin rashin da'a na aikin jarida da kuma zage-zage na ainihin laifukan Mitnick. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonfiction Book Review: The Fugitive Game: Online with Kevin Mitnick by Jonathan Littman, Author Little Brown and Company $23.95 (0p) ISBN 978-0-316-52858-0 |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-52858-0}}</ref> Littman ya buga wani ƙarin labarin tausayi na lokacin Mitnick a matsayin mai gudun hijira a cikin littafinsa game da abin da ya faru, ''Wasan Fugitive'' . Markoff ya tsaya kan rahotonsa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonfiction Book Review: The Fugitive Game: Online with Kevin Mitnick by Jonathan Littman, Author Little Brown and Company $23.95 (0p) ISBN 978-0-316-52858-0 |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-316-52858-0}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markoff responds to Mitnick's criticism |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/markoff-responds-to-mitnicks-criticism/ |website=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref> Daga baya littafin ya zama fim da aka fitar kai tsaye zuwa bidiyo a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . Fim ɗin ya ci gaba da yawa, tare da Markoff da kansa ya bayyana wa ''San Francisco Chronicle'' a cikin 2000, "Ina tsammanin fim ɗin rashin gaskiya ne." Mitnick ya bayyana cewa ya sasanta karar da mai rabawa Miramax kan fim ɗin kan kudin da ba a bayyana ba. === Post-Mitnick === Bayan Mitnick, Markoff ya ci gaba da yin rubutu game da fasaha, yana mai da hankali a wasu lokuta akan hanyar sadarwar mara waya, rubuta labaran farko game da mara waya ta hanyar sadarwa mara waya, eriya-array-array, da tsarin eriya da yawa, da yawa ( MIMO ) don haɓaka Wi-Fi . Ya rufe hutun Jim Gillogly na 1999 na sassan uku na farko na CIA's Kryptos cipher [http://www.und.nodak.edu/org/crypto/crypto/general.crypt.info/Kryptos/solution], kuma yana yin rubutu akai-akai game da semiconductor da supercomputers kuma. Ya rubuta kasidu biyu na farko da ke bayyana yadda Admiral John Poindexter ya koma gwamnati da kuma samar da Total Information Awareness project. Ya raba lambar yabo ta 2005 Gerald Loeb a cikin Rubutun Ƙarshe don labarin "Ƙarshen Zamani". <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Winners |url=http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/x8826.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216115915/http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/x8826.xml |archive-date=December 16, 2005 |access-date=May 22, 2010 |website=[[UCLA Anderson School of Management]] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> A cikin 2009 ya tashi daga sashin Kasuwanci / Fasaha na ''New York Times'' zuwa sashin Kimiyya. Markoff ya ba da gudummawa ga shigarwar ma'aikatan ''New York Times'' wanda ya karɓi lambar yabo ta 2013 Pulitzer don Bayar da Bayani . Jerin labaran 10 sun bincika ayyukan kasuwanci na [[Apple]] da sauran kamfanonin fasaha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2013 Pulitzer Prize Winners - Explanatory Reporting |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2013-Explanatory-Reporting |access-date=15 April 2013 |publisher=Pulitzer.org |archive-date=17 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417075957/http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2013-Explanatory-Reporting |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa na cikakken lokaci tare da ''The New York Times'' a ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2016. Ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa ga ''Times'' da sauran ƙungiyoyi da masu sa kai a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Kwamfuta . Shi abokin tarayya ne na Cibiyar Stanford don Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Mutum. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellows {{!}} Stanford HAI |url=https://hai.stanford.edu/fellows}}</ref> An yi hira da Markoff a cikin ''Kun Amince da Wannan Kwamfuta?'', daftarin aiki na 2018 akan [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] . == Littattafai == * ''Babban Kuɗin Babban Tech'' (tare da [[Lennie Siegel]] ) (1985) * * ''Ɗaukarwa: Biyewa da Kame Haramcin Kwamfuta da aka fi so a Amurka'' (tare da Tsutomu Shimomura ) (1995) * ''Abin da Dormouse ya ce : Yadda 60s Counterculture ya tsara Masana'antar Kwamfuta ta Keɓaɓɓu'' (2005) * * * ''Injin Ƙaunar Ƙaunar Alheri: Ƙaunar Ƙauna Tsakanin Mutane da Robots'' (2015) * ''Duk Duniya: Yawancin Rayuwar Stewart Brand'' (Penguin Press, 2022). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0735223947|0735223947]] == Duba kuma == * ''Tarihin Sirrin Hacking'', wani fim na 2001 na gaskiya wanda ke nuna Markoff == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|https://johnmarkoff.net/}} * Interview with John Markoff about ''What the Dormouse Said'', April 13, 2006 (audio) at Wikimedia Commons * [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/john_markoff/index.html Recent and archival news by John Markoff of ''The New York Times''.] * [http://www.itconversations.com/shows/detail515.html John Markoff radio interview] on [http://www.technation.com/ Tech Nation] * [http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/370 TED Talks: John Markoff on newspapers] at TED in 2007 * Appearances on C-SPAN [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r8qwsum9viqqgyccghp433poiunxold 0 108221 840452 674921 2026-05-27T11:20:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John T. Stankey''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1962) ɗan kasuwa kuma Ba’amurke ne wanda shine shugaba na AT&amp;amp;T . A baya ya kasance shugaban AT&T da COO kuma kafin wancan Shugabacin na WarnerMedia . Ya smau matsayin Shugaba na AT&T a watan Yuli 2020, ya gaji Randall L. Stephenson . <ref name="AT&T-Leadership">{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://investors.att.com/corporate-governance/leadership |access-date=March 6, 2019 |website=AT&T Investors}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Stankey ya girma a Los Angeles, ƙarami cikin yara uku. <ref name="James">{{Cite web |last=James |first=Meg |author-link= |date=September 7, 2017 |title=AT&T's John Stankey hopes to avoid a disconnect in merger with Time Warner |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/hollywood/la-fi-ct-stankey-att-time-warner-culture-20170907-htmlstory.html |access-date= |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Mahaifinsa marubucin inshora ne kuma mahaifiyarsa uwar gida. <ref name="James" /> Stankey ya sami digiri na farko na Kasuwanci tare da babban digiri a fannin kuɗi daga Jami'ar Loyola Marymount da ke Los Angeles a 1985. <ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Loyola Marymount |title=John and Shari Stankey Gift - Loyola Marymount University |url=https://giving.lmu.edu/impact/winter2020/johnandsharistankeygift/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=[[Loyola Marymount University]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami Master of Business Administration daga Jami'ar California, Los Angeles a 1991. <ref name="James"/> <ref name="AT&T-Leadership"/> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 1985, Stankey ya ɗauki matsayi na shiga tare da Pacific Bell, <ref name="James"/> wanda SBC Communications ya samu a shekara ta 1996. Ya ci gaba da zama mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na kasuwannin masana'antu tun daga 1998, kuma ya zama shugaban zartarwa na kasuwannin masana'antu a cikin 2000. <ref name="att" /> ya zama Shugaba na Kudu maso Yamma . <ref name="att" /> Stankey yayi aiki a matsayin [[Chief information officer|CIO]] na "sabon AT&T" bayan haɗewar SBC tare da [[AT&T Corporation|Kamfanin AT&T]] da aka kammala a 2005. Shi ne babban mataimakin shugaban zartarwa da [[Chief technology officer|CTO]] na AT&T daga 2008 zuwa 2012. A cikin Janairu 2012, ya zama [[Chief strategy officer|CSO]] da shugaban kungiyar AT&T A cikin shekarar 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stelter |first=Brian |date=2018-06-15 |title=Time Warner's new name: WarnerMedia |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/15/media/warnermedia-john-stankey-announcements/index.html |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=CNNMoney |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215081726/https://money.cnn.com/2018/06/15/media/warnermedia-john-stankey-announcements/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Stankey an nada shi Shugaba na WarnerMedia, wanda ya mallaki kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban da kamfanonin fina-finai, gami da [[Warner Bros.]], HBO, Tsarin Watsa Labarai na Turner, da [[CNN]] . A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2019, ya zama shugaban ƙasa kuma COO na AT&T, yayin da ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin Shugaba na WarnerMedia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 3, 2019 |title=WarnerMedia CEO John Stankey becomes COO of AT&T |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/03/john-stankey-att-coo/ |access-date=2019-09-03 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> === AT&T CEO === A ranar 1 ga Afrilun shekarar 2020, AT&T ta ba da sanarwar cewa Stankey zai yi murabus a matsayin Shugaba na WarnerMedia. A ranar 1 ga Yulin shekarar 2020, ya maye gurbin Randall L. Stephenson a matsayin Shugaba na AT&amp;amp;T Inc., <ref name="newceo">{{Cite web |date=April 24, 2020 |title=AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson to step down, COO Stankey to take over |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/24/att-ceo-randall-stephenson-to-step-down.html |website=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> <ref name="04-24-2020-ap">{{Cite web |title=AT&T CEO Randall Stephenson to step down July 1, to be succeeded by current COO Stankey |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2020/04/24/at-t-ceo-stephenson-step-down-july-1-succeeded-john-stankey/3021114001/ |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> sannan aka zabe shi shugaba a cikin Fabrairu 2025. A cikin Fabrairun shekarar 2021, Stankey ya kula da siyar da kashi uku na hannun jari na AT&T a DirecTV zuwa TPG Capital akan dala biliyan 16.25. AT&T ya biya biliyan 48 ($ 67 biliyan ciki har da bashi) don siyan DirecTV a cikin 2015 ƙarƙashin Stephenson. <ref name="04-24-2020-ap"/> jari na 70% na AT&T a DirecTV an sayar da shi ga TPG akan dala biliyan 7.6, wanda aka sanar a watan Satumba 2024 kuma ya rufe a 2025. AT&T ya biya dala biliyan 85 don WarnerMedia a cikin 2018 karkashin Stephenson. A ranar 30 ga Afrilun shekarar 2021, AT&T ta sanar da cewa kuri'ar masu hannun jarin da ba ta da alaka da ita ta ki amincewa da kudurin biyan diyya na AT&T da ɗan ƙaramin rinjaye, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gryta |first=Thomas |last2=Francis |first2=Theo |last3=FitzGerald |first3=Drew |date=May 4, 2021 |title=General Electric, AT&T Investors Reject CEO Pay Plans |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/general-electric-at-t-investors-reject-ceo-pay-plans-11620147204 |journal=[[Wall Street Journal]] |language=en-US |access-date=2022-11-22}}</ref> wanda ya zo bayan rahotannin cewa AT&T ya "rasa dala biliyan 5.4 kuma ya yanke dubunnan ayyuka". <ref name="Gelles20210424">{{Cite journal |last=Gelles, David |date=April 24, 2021 |title=C.E.O. Pay Remains Stratospheric, Even at Companies Battered by Pandemic |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/business/ceos-pandemic-compensation.html |journal=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=2022-11-22 |quote=AT&T, the media conglomerate, lost $5.4 billion and cut thousands of jobs throughout the year. John Stankey, the chief executive, received $21 million for his work in 2020, down from $22.5 million in 2019.}} Note, this quote presents in its entirety, the content of this article with regard to Mr. Stankey.</ref> A cikin 2023, jimillar diyya ta Stankey daga AT&T ta kasance dala miliyan 25.7, wanda ke wakiltar rabon albashi na Shugaba-zuwa-tsakiyar ma'aikaci na 193-to-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Mae |last2=Harloff |first2=Paul |last3=Ortutay |first3=Barbara |date=2024-06-03 |title=CEOs made nearly 200 times what their workers got paid last year |url=https://apnews.com/article/ceo-pay-compensation-ratio-workers-fa25db3338b68ad9eb395dfd46190383 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903140837/https://apnews.com/article/ceo-pay-compensation-ratio-workers-fa25db3338b68ad9eb395dfd46190383 |archive-date=2024-09-03 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=[[Associated Press|AP News]] |language=en}}</ref> Stankey ya sake mayar da hankali kan AT&T akan hanyoyin sadarwa da wadatar salula, haɗi, da sauri, gami da haɗin gwiwa tare da AST SpaceMobile don samar da sabis na wayar hannu zuwa wurare masu nisa ta tauraron dan adam. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, AT & T ya fadada hanyar sadarwa na igiyoyin fiber-optic, ciki har da wuraren da bai riga ya samar da watsa shirye-shirye ba, kuma ya shiga haɗin gwiwa tare da BlackRock da ake kira Gigapower don gina hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber-optic a yankunan metro a kusa da ƙasar. Bayan da gwamnatin Amurka ta daina ba da gudummawar Shirin Haɗin Haɗin Kai, a cikin Afrilu 2024 Stankey ya sanar da cewa AT&T za ta ba da umarnin dala biliyan 3 don magance rarrabuwar dijital ta hanyar intanet mai sauri a cikin Amurka, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardesty |first=Linda |date=2024-04-04 |title=AT&T earmarks $3B more to close the digital divide |url=https://www.fierce-network.com/broadband/att-earmarks-3b-more-close-digital-divide |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=www.fierce-network.com |language=en}}</ref> ƙara yawan Cibiyoyin Koyon Haɗin kai, waɗanda ke ba da kwamfuta kyauta da amfani da intanet da horarwa, daga 340 zuwa 2 2. === Ƙarin posts === Stankey yayi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na UPS daga shekarar 2014 har zuwa 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Weprin |first=Alex |date=2020-11-03 |title=AT&T CEO John Stankey Steps Down From Board of UPS |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/att-ceo-john-stankey-steps-down-from-board-of-ups-4087704/ |access-date=2021-05-13 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{S-start}} {{s-bus}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[WarnerMedia]] CEO}} {{S-aft}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[AT&T]] CEO}} {{S-inc}} {{S-end}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hwdgcs5tj0qnbrbttjps3tkyi9j3pij 0 110763 840344 706299 2026-05-26T21:46:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840344 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jami'ar [[Geneva]]''' (Faransanci: Université de Genève) jami'a ce ta bincike ta jama'a da ke Geneva, Switzerland . Masanin tauhidin Faransa John Calvin ne ya kafa shi a shekara ta 1559 a matsayin makarantar tauhidi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2016 |title=About the University – Université de Genève |url=https://www.unige.ch/en/university/about/ |access-date=2021-03-26 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref><ref name="unige.ch">{{Cite web |date=2017-04-27 |title=Our Heritage – Faculté d'économie et de management – UNIGE |url=https://www.unige.ch/gsem/en/about/our-heritage/ |access-date=2021-03-26 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan tauhidin har zuwa karni na 17, lokacin da ya zama cibiyar ilimi na [[Zamanin Haskakawa|Haskakawa]]. A yau, ita ce jami'a ta uku mafi girma a Switzerland ta yawan ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=5 September 2006 |title=University of Geneva (UNIGE) |url=https://www.unige.ch/stat/fr/dernierepublication-1/ |journal=Studying in Switzerland |access-date=5 August 2025 |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125233459/https://www.unige.ch/stat/fr/dernierepublication-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1873, ta watsar da alakar addini kuma ta zama a hukumance.<ref name="unige.ch"/> A shekara ta 2009, Jami'ar Geneva ta yi bikin cika shekaru 450 da kafuwarta.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=5 June 2009 |title=University of Geneva honors LHC project leader at 450th anniversary ceremony |url=http://press.web.cern.ch/press-releases/2009/06/university-geneva-honours-lhc-project-leader-450th-anniversary-ceremony |journal=CERN |access-date=5 August 2025 |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143454/http://press.web.cern.ch/press-releases/2009/06/university-geneva-honours-lhc-project-leader-450th-anniversary-ceremony |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kusan kashi 40% na dalibai sun fito ne daga kasashe sama da 150. Jami'ar tana riƙe da kuma bin koyarwa, bincike, da sabis na al'umma a matsayin manyan manufofinta. Jami'ar Geneva memba ce ta League of European Research Universities, 4EU + Alliance, Coimbra Group, International Forum of Public Universities, da European University Association.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=University in the Spotlight: University of Geneva |url=http://www.globalinksabroad.org/Quotes/QuoteID553/ |journal=Globalinksabroad |access-date=2025-08-05 |archive-date=2015-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527225809/http://www.globalinksabroad.org/Quotes/QuoteID553/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har ila yau, gida ne ga cibiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyin, gami da Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya, da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya. == Tarihi == An kafa jami'ar a shekara ta 1559 a matsayin '''Kwalejin Geneva''' (Académie de Genève) ta masanin tauhidin Faransa John Calvin, a matsayin seminary da Kamfanin Fastoci ke gudanarwa, don zama cibiyar ilimin jama'a a Protestant Geneva. Tare da burin ilimantar da ba kawai fastoci ba har ma da mahukunta na jamhuriya, a cikin 1565 makarantar ta fara Dokar da Shari'a.<ref name="Dictionnaire" /> A lokacin da Faransa ta mamaye Geneva (1798-1813), an sake tsara makarantar a cikin tsarin duniya, tare da gabatar da digiri da rarraba ta a cikin ƙwarewa. Wannan tsari na zamani ya ci gaba zuwa lokacin Maido da kasa.<ref name="Dictionnaire" /> A shekara ta 1964, Sophie Kanza ta zama mace ta farko ta Kongo da ta kammala karatu daga jami'a lokacin da ta sami difloma daga Jami'ar Geneva tare da digiri a fannin zamantakewa. == Wurin da yake == ''Jami'ar Geneva tana cikin gundumomi da yawa a gabashin birnin da kuma kusa da birnin Carouge (a gefen hagu na tafkin Léman da Rhône), kuma gine-gine daban-daban a wasu lokuta suna da nisa sosai da juna (ginin Battelle misali ne fiye da kilomita uku daga Bastions). Ginin mafi tsufa (1559) shine Collège Calvin, kuma ba ginin jami'a bane. Ana ba da laccoci a manyan wurare shida daban-daban, Les Bastions, Uni Dufour, Sciences I, II da III, Uni Mail da Uni Pignon, Center Medical Universitaire (CMU), da Battelle;[1] da kuma a wasu wurare marasa mahimmanci. [2]''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil |url=http://www.unige.ch/presse/static/plan/ |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Bâtiments: plans d'accès |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> === Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiya === An gina shi tsakanin 1868 da 1871, Uni Bastions alama ce ta rayuwar ilimi ta Geneva. Tana cikin tsakiyar wurin shakatawa kuma tana karbar bakuncin bangaren tauhidin Furotesta da kuma Faculty of Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil |url=http://www.unige.ch/presse/static/plan/bastions.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Bâtiments: plans d'accès |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> === Uni Dufour === [[Fayil:Concrete_@_Université_de_Genève_-_Uni_Dufour_@_Plainpalais_@_Genève_(50686871572).jpg|thumb|Uni Dufour]] Gine-ginensa ya samo asali ne daga Le Corbusier . Tana karbar bakuncin ''Rectorate'' da kuma gudanar da jami'ar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil |url=http://www.unige.ch/presse/static/plan/dufour.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Bâtiments: plans d'accès |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> === Uni Mail === [[Fayil:3UNIGE.jpg|right|thumb|Uni Mail]] Ita ce babbar gini a Switzerland da aka keɓe ga kimiyyar zamantakewa. A halin yanzu tana karbar bakuncin Faculty of Law, of Economics and Management, <ref>{{Cite web |title=GSEM |url=https://www.unige.ch/gsem/fr/service-aux-etudiants/service-aux-etudiants/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717073959/http://www.unige.ch/gsem/fr/service-aux-etudiants/service-aux-etudiants/ |archive-date=17 July 2017 |access-date=17 July 2017}}</ref> na Psychology and Education da Faculty of Translation and Interpreting. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil |url=http://www.unige.ch/presse/static/plan/mail.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Bâtiments: plans d'accès |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen == Jami'ar Geneva an tsara ta a cikin fannoni daban-daban da cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke wakiltar koyarwa, bincike da sabis ga al'umma a cikin fannonin daban-daban. === Faculty === Jami'ar ta kunshi fannoni tara: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Facultés, école, UPER |url=http://www.unige.ch/archives/adm/fonds/facultes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812070541/http://www.unige.ch/archives/adm/fonds/facultes.html |archive-date=2014-08-12 |website=Archives |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> * Kwalejin Kimiyya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-08-12 |title=Faculty of Science – Faculté des sciences – UNIGE |url=https://www.unige.ch/sciences/en/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Magunguna <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Geneva – PhD School of Life Sciences {{!}} Welcome to the PhD School in Life Sciences at the Faculties of Medicine and Science |url=https://lifesciencesphd.unige.ch/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=lifesciencesphd.unige.ch}}</ref> * Kwalejin Humanities <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-05 |title=Welcome to the Faculty of Humanities! |url=https://www.unige.ch/lettres/en/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref> * Makarantar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa ta Geneva (GSEM) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-05 |title=Geneva School of Economics and Management – Faculté d'économie et de management – UNIGE |url=https://www.unige.ch/gsem/en/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya ta Jama'a ta Geneva (G3S) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-12-02 |title=About us |url=https://www.unige.ch/sciences-societe/en/presentation/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref> * Makarantar Shari'a ta Geneva <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-02-19 |title=Welcome to the Faculty of Law |url=https://www.unige.ch/droit/en/international/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin tauhidin <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-02-01 |title=Faculté de théologie – Faculté de théologie – UNIGE |url=https://www.unige.ch/theologie/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=fr}}</ref> * Faculty of Psychology and Education <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-06 |title=FPSE – Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Éducation – UNIGE |url=https://www.unige.ch/fapse/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=fr}}</ref> * Faculty of Translation and Interpreting <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-29 |title=Faculty of Translation and Interpreting – University of Geneva |url=https://www.unige.ch/fti/en/ |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=www.unige.ch |language=en}}</ref> ==== Cibiyoyin Interfaculty ==== Jami'ar ta kunshi cibiyoyin hulɗa goma sha huɗu. Daga cikin wasu: * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170727160825/http://www.unige.ch/ihr/en/presentation/ Cibiyar Tarihin Gyara] (Reformation) * [http://www.cui.unige.ch/en/lecui/ Cibiyar Interfaculty for Informatics] (kimiyya ta kwamfuta) * [http://www.unige.ch/environnement/en/ Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Muhalli] (manufar makamashi) * [http://www.unige.ch/gsi/en/bienvenue/ Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya] * [http://cigev.unige.ch/fr/ Cibiyar Interfaculty na Gerontology] (gerontology) * Cibiyar Swiss don Kimiyya ta Soyayya (kimiyya ta soyayya) ==== Cibiyoyin da ke da alaƙa ==== Har ila yau, jami'ar tana da haɗin gwiwa da yawa tare da cibiyoyin da ke kusa, inda ɗalibai a jami'ar za su iya ɗaukar darussan. * Cibiyar Nazarin Ikilisiya ta Bossey ta Majalisar IkklisiyaMajalisar Ikklisiyoyin Duniya * Cibiyar Wyss don Bio- da Neuro-injiniya * Cibiyar Supercomputing ta Kasa ta Switzerland * [http://www.art-law.org/centre_en.html Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131132643/http://www.art-law.org/centre_en.html |date=2019-01-31 }}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bienvenue |url=http://www.unige.ch/cda |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=droit de l'art |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> * [http://www.cibm.ch/page-60442-en.html Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921130005/http://www.cibm.ch/page-60442-en.html |date=2015-09-21 }} (CIBM) * [http://curml.ch/en Cibiyar Jami'ar Shari'a] (CURML) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre Universitaire Romand – CURML |url=http://www.curml.ch |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Curml.ch}}</ref> * [http://www.i-s-t.ch/1/about-us/company-profile/ Cibiyar Aiki da Lafiya] (IST) Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa da Ci Gaban (IHEID) tana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Geneva daga 1927 zuwa 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Projet de loi accordant une indemnité à la Fondation pour l'Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement (IHEID) pour les années 2017 à 2020 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Graduate_Institute#cite_note-64 |website=Secrétariat du Grand Conseil}}</ref> === Kudi === Jami'ar Geneva tana da kasafin kuɗi kusan CHF miliyan 760 na shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2017 |title=Rapport financier et budget |url=http://www.unige.ch/apropos/fr/rapport-financier/ |access-date=2017-06-15 |website=L'Université se présente |publisher=Université de Genève |language=fr}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci ya fito ne daga tallafin cantonal, sauran sanannun masu ba da gudummawa sune jihar tarayya da kuɗin karatun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Budget 2013 |url=http://www.unige.ch/rectorat/static/budget-2013.pdf |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Unige.ch}}</ref> Nessim-Habif World Prize da aka bayar tun 1963, wanda aka ba wa masana kimiyya "waɗanda ke kwatanta, ta hanyar tunani da aiki mai zurfi, wani yanki na ainihin, likita ko kimiyyar ɗan adam", ta Faculty of Sciences, a lokacin bikin Diesicus na ilimi, a Geneva.<ref name="scripps/nessim-habif">{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Benjamin Cravatt receives the Nessim-Habif World Prize from the University of Geneva |url=https://magazine.scripps.edu/awards-and-honors/2023/online-exclusive/benjamin-cravatt-receives-the-nessim-habif-world-prize-from-the-university-of-geneva/ |access-date=29 July 2024 |website=Scripps Research Magazine |language=en}}</ref> == Gidajen karatu da jarida == UNIGE's library facilities are spread across four sites. * Uni Arve yana karbar bakuncin dakunan karatu guda bakwai: Bibliothèque Ernst & Lucie Schmidheiny, Bibliothèque d'Anthropologie, Bibliothèque du Center universitaire d'informatique, Bibliothèque Georges de Rham (Mathematics), Bibliothèque de l'Institut des Sciences de l'Institut des Sciences de l'Institut des Sciences  l'Observatoire (Astronomy) da Bibliothèque des Sciences de la Terre et de l'environnement. Uni Bastions yana daukar nauyin dakunan karatu na harshe, da kuma dakunan karatu na jami'ar da aka mayar da hankali kan tarihi da kida. Uni CMU gida ne ga tarin al'amurran kiwon lafiya da yawa.  Bayan haka, kuma tana karɓar bakuncin Cibiyar de documentation en santé (CDS) da Bibliothèque de l'nstitut de la médecine et de la santé et de l'Institut d'éthique biomédicale (IHMS – IEB) Tarin Uni Mail yana mai da hankali kan jigogi masu zuwa: Ilimin Tattalin Arziki da Kimiyyar zamantakewa, Doka, Ilimin halin dan Adam da Kimiyyar Koyo, Fassara da Fassara, Nazarin Turai, Faransanci a matsayin yaren waje da Kiɗa.  Bayan haka, tana kuma ɗaukar ɗakin karatu na multimedia na UNIGE.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2013 |title=Site Uni Mail |url=http://www.unige.ch/biblio/infos/mail.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Bibliothèque |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> === Jarida === Ana fitar da mujallar de l'UNIGE kowane mako biyu. Manufarta ita ce sauƙaƙe sadarwa a cikin jami'a, don sanar da ɗalibai game da binciken da ake gudanarwa a UNIGE, don isar da sababbin ra'ayoyi da kuma sanar da ɗaliban da malamai game da abubuwan da suka faru a jami'a ta hanyar l'Agenda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2013 |title=Journal n°77 |url=http://www.unige.ch/communication/lejournal/journal77.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Le Journal |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> Ana sakin harabar kowane wata tare da manufar sauƙaƙa sadarwa tsakanin al'ummar kimiyya da 'yan ƙasa da kuma zama "gidan gada tsakanin kimiyya da birni".<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2007 |title=Campus n°100, édition spéciale |url=http://www.unige.ch/communication/Campus/campus100/edito.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Unige.ch}}</ref> == Malamai == Don shiga cikin shirin bachelor, dole ne mutum ya riƙe difloma na balaga na Switzerland ko difloma na sakandare da Jami'ar Geneva ta dauka daidai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil :: S'inscrire à l'UNIGE 2019–20 |url=http://www.unige.ch/dife/sinscrire/conditions-admissions/201314conditions_immatriculation.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718045336/http://www.unige.ch/dife/sinscrire/conditions-admissions/201314conditions_immatriculation.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2013 |access-date=2013-08-11}}</ref> Idan ba a bi digiri a Faransanci ba, masu neman dole ne su wuce gwajin harshen Faransanci a farkon watan Satumba, wanda ya ƙunshi gwajin fahimta na baki da rubuce-rubuce da kuma rubutun jayayya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2013 |title=Examen de français |url=http://www.unige.ch/dife/sinscrire/conditions-admissions/examens/francais.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803154914/http://www.unige.ch/dife/sinscrire/conditions-admissions/examens/francais.html |archive-date=3 August 2013 |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Division de la formation et des étudiants |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> Kudin karatun shine CHF 500 a kowane semester. Shekarar karatun UNIGE tana gudana daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Yuni. An raba shi cikin watanni biyu, kowannensu ana kammala shi ta hanyar jarrabawa, wanda aka gudanar bi da bi a farkon Janairu da farkon Yuni. Ana gudanar da zaman jarrabawa a ƙarshen watan Agusta da farkon watan Satumba a matsayin sakewa ga ɗaliban da suka kasa jarrabawar Janairu ko Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Studying/Doing research |url=http://www.unige.ch/international/Futuretudiant/etudiantregulier/etuderecherche_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304081939/http://www.unige.ch/international/Futuretudiant/etudiantregulier/etuderecherche_en.html |archive-date=2013-03-04 |website=International |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> A cikin kwanaki uku gabanin fara sabuwar shekarar karatu, Jami'ar ta shirya taron Journées d'accueil (Welcome Days) don gabatar da sabbin dalibai a cikin birni da kayan aiki, an kuma bayar da shawarwari kan yadda ake samun nasara a jami'a. Ƙungiyar ɗalibai UniAccueil (AUA) ita ma ta shirya babi na biyu wanda ya haɗa da balaguron birni, kide-kide na waje da raye-raye don murnar sabuwar shekara ta ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2013 |title=Programme des Welcome Days 2013 |url=http://www.unige.ch/dife/boussole/nouveauxetudiants/WelcomeDays/programmeWD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801065159/http://www.unige.ch/dife/boussole/nouveauxetudiants/WelcomeDays/programmeWD.html |archive-date=1 August 2013 |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Accueil et intégration |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> === Koyarwa da digiri === Kafin 2005, jami'a ta yi amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban, dangane da Faculties, wani lokacin har ma a kan Sassan (ko "Sashe").  Wasu Faculties sun yi amfani da tsarin ilimin Faransa na ba da digiri na ilimi, tare da wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance: lasisi-lasisi (shekaru biyu), lasisin trois-quarts (shekaru uku), lasisi (shekaru huɗu), diplôme d'études approfondies da diplôme d'études superieures spécialisées (DEA/DESS) (shekaru ɗaya-shekara ) Jami'ar yanzu tana bin bukatun Tsarin Bologna: bachelor's (shekaru uku), master's (ishekaru ɗaya-biyu), a wasu sassan ko sassan Master of Advanced Studies (shekara ɗaya-biyos), doctorate (shekarar uku-fi biyar). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2015 |title=Enseigner et Apprendre |url=http://www.unige.ch/formev/Archives/bologne.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Division de la formation et des étudiants |publisher=Université de Genève |archive-date=26 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326193316/http://www.unige.ch/formev/Archives/bologne.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> UNIGE tana ba da fiye da nau'ikan difloma 240, kimanin digiri na farko 30, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiches Bachelors |url=http://www.unige.ch/futursetudiants/formation/bachelor.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303205450/http://www.unige.ch/futursetudiants/formation/bachelor.html |archive-date=2013-03-03 |website=Futurs Étudiants |publisher=Université de Genève}}</ref> masters 70 da digiri 78. Hakanan yana ba da shirye-shirye sama da 200 na ci gaba da ilimi a bangarori daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2015 |title=Centre pour la formation continue et à distance |url=http://www.unige.ch/formcont/index.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Centre pour la formation continue et à distance |publisher=Université de Genève |archive-date=24 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624025401/http://www.unige.ch/formcont/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa === Dalibai a UNIGE suna da damar yin karatu a ƙasashen waje don semester ko shekara guda yayin karatun su.  Jami'o'in haɗin gwiwar sun haɗa da Jami'ar Kyauta ta Berlin, Makarantar Shari'a ta Harvard, École Normale Supérieure, Kwalejin Trinity Dublin, Jami'ar Erasmus na Rotterdam, Jami'ar Libre de Bruxelles, Kwalejin King London, Jami'ar McGill, HEC Montreal, Jami'ar Ottawa, Jami'ar Oxford, Jami'ar Uppsala, Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, Jami'ar Sydney, UCLA, Jami'ar Southampton, Jami'ar Sydney..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://129.194.40.25/fmi/iwp/cgi?-db=RI_Panorama&-loadframes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111051821/http://129.194.40.25/fmi/iwp/cgi?-db=RI_Panorama&-loadframes |archive-date=11 January 2014 |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=129.194.40.25}}</ref> === Bincike === Babban bangarorin bincike a Jami'ar Geneva sune kimiyya (biology na kwayoyin halitta, bio-informatics, da dai sauransu), kimiyyar lissafi, astrophysics, tattalin arziki, kimiyyar zamantakewa, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilmin sunadarai, ilmin kimiyyar halittu da ilmin halitta. ne UNIGE gida ga cibiyoyin bincike na kasa guda shida: a cikin kwayoyin halitta (Frontiers a Genetics), a cikin ilimin kimiyyar abu (MaNEP)UNIGE gida ne ga cibiyoyin bincike na kasa guda shida: a cikin kwayoyin halitta (Frontiers a Genetics), a cikin ilimin kimiyyar abu (MaNEP), a cikin nazarin motsin rai (Sciences Tasiri), a cikin ilimin kimiyyar sinadarai (tare da EPFL), a cikin nazarin cututtuka na hankali (Synaptic, tare da EPFL da Unil), a cikin nazarin hanyar rayuwa (tare da Unil). Har ila yau UNIGE tana gudanar da bincike a cikin karatun kasa da kasa tun lokacin da aka kirkiro a cikin 2013 na Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya, a cikin kudi tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Kuɗi ta Geneva da kuma nazarin muhalli, tare da ƙirƙirar a cikin 2009 na Insti <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geneva Finance Research Institute |url=http://www.unige.ch/gufri/index.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Faculté d'économie et de management |publisher=Université de Genève |archive-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304221651/http://www.unige.ch/gufri/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma nazarin muhalli, tare da kirkirar ''Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Muhalli'' a shekarar 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2015 |title=Thématiques de l'institut |url=http://www.unige.ch/environnement/index.html |access-date=20 July 2015 |website=Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement |publisher=Université de Genève |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505225855/http://www.unige.ch/environnement/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mashahuran binciken da ke aiki a UNIGE ya yi sun hada da binciken taurari na waje da Michel Mayor, da kuma teleportation na Nicolas Gisin.   Jami'ar Geneva tana cikin manyan jami'o'i a duniya. ==== Matsayi na Duniya ==== A cikin 2023, Jami'ar Geneva ta kasance a matsayi na 49 gabaɗaya a duniya bisa ga Ranking na Shanghai. An sanya shi a matsayi na 125 gabaɗaya bisa ga matsayi na QS kuma na 183 gabaɗaya gwargwadon matsayi na THE. A shekara ta 2006, ''Newsweek'' ta sanya jami'ar ta 32 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://monet.knu.ac.kr/~cktoh/Newsweek-top-100.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192122/http://monet.knu.ac.kr/~cktoh/Newsweek-top-100.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=2013-08-10}}</ref> The QS World University Rankings <ref>{{Cite web |title=QS World University Rankings 2010 Results |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2010/results |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Topuniversities.com}}</ref> ya sanya Jami'ar Geneva kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !A Duniya |- |'''2016''' |89th |- |'''2015''' |85th |- |'''2012''' |Na 74 |- |'''2011''' |Na 69 |} Times Higher Education World University Rankings <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=Times Higher Education World University Rankings |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2010-2011/top-200.html |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Timeshighereducation.co.uk}}</ref> ya sanya Jami'ar Geneva kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !A Duniya |- |'''2015–2016''' |Na 131 |- |'''2012–2013''' |133rd |- |'''2011–2012''' |Na 116 |- |'''2010–2011''' |Na 118 |} ==== Matsayi na batutuwa ==== A cikin ilmin halitta, tasirin binciken da aka gudanar a Geneva ya kasance na 4 a Turai ta hanyar Times Higher Education na tsawon 1999-2009, kai tsaye a bayan Jami'ar Oxford.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2010 |title=Top European Institutions in Molecular Biology |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/411576.article |access-date=20 July 2015 |website=Times Higher Education}}</ref> A cikin kimiyyar lissafi, matsayi na Shanghai na 2024 ya sanya Jami'ar Geneva a matsayi na 3 a nahiyar Turai da matsayi na 15 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ShanghaiRanking-Univiersities |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/university-of-geneva |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.shanghairanking.com}}</ref> Matsayin batun QS 2013 ya sanya Jami'ar Geneva a matsayi na 21 a fagen Pharmacy kuma a matsayi na 49 a Falsafa. A kowane batu, jami'ar ta kasance a cikin manyan 200 na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Geneva Rankings |url=http://www.topuniversities.com/node/2453/ranking-details/university-subject-rankings/2013 |access-date=20 July 2015 |website=Top Universities}}</ref> ==== Sauran matsayi ==== A cikin 2016, dalibai 16,530 suna karatu a UNIGE, daga cikinsu 61% mata ne. Kashi 37% na daliban ba 'yan Switzerland ba ne, sun fito ne daga kasashe 151. Malamai 4,449 da abokan aiki, daga cikinsu 49% mata ne, suna aiki ga UNIGE.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2006 |title=Publications |url=https://www.unige.ch/stat/fr/dernierepublication-1/ |access-date=14 January 2018 |website=Unige.ch |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125233459/https://www.unige.ch/stat/fr/dernierepublication-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Ofishin Wasanni'' yana shirya duk ayyukan da suka shafi wasanni a UNIGE. Ana ba da darussan wasanni kyauta kowace rana kuma ya isa ya nuna katin ɗalibin mutum don samun dama. Sauran darussan da ke cikin ƙungiyar tare da abokan hulɗa na jami'ar suna buƙatar ƙaramin kuɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calendrier & Horaires |url=http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/calendrier-a-horaires |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228004133/http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/calendrier-a-horaires |archive-date=28 December 2012 |access-date=2013-08-10}}</ref> UNIGE ita ce gida ga gasar zakarun jami'ar Geneva a wasan kwando, kwallon kafa na cikin gida, motsa jiki, badminton, kwallon kafa ta waje.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Championnats |url=http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/championnats/20-championnats-universitaires-genevois |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715031322/http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/championnats/20-championnats-universitaires-genevois |archive-date=15 July 2013 |access-date=2013-08-10}}</ref> Har ila yau, jami'ar ta aika da kungiyoyi zuwa gasar zakarun jami'ar Switzerland a badminton, kwallon kafa na cikin gida, tseren kankara, kwallon kwando, tseren kwallon kafa, golf, hockey na kankara, wasan tennis da volleyball.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Championnats |url=http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/championnats/38-championnats-universitaires-ch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625100823/http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/championnats/38-championnats-universitaires-ch |archive-date=25 June 2013 |access-date=2013-08-10}}</ref> UNIGE kuma tana ba da jadawalin musamman ga ɗalibai da ke son bin aikin su na wasanni mai girma da kuma karatu a lokaci guda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sport Etudes |url=http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/sport-etudes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717084727/http://www.sports.unige.ch/index.php/sport-etudes |archive-date=17 July 2013 |access-date=2013-08-10}}</ref> === Haɗin kai === ''Alumni UNIGE'' ita ce ƙungiyar tsofaffi ta Jami'ar Geneva, tana ba da cibiyar sadarwa ta dubban mutane ga membobinta, da sauran fa'idodi, kamar kyaututtuka na ragi, abubuwan da suka faru na musamman, samun dama ga dandalin sadarwar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Services & avantages – ALUMNI – UNIGE |url=http://alumni.unige.ch/services-avantages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130811101843/http://alumni.unige.ch/services-avantages.html |archive-date=11 August 2013 |access-date=2013-08-10}}</ref> Atout-lettres kungiya ce ta tsofaffi na ɗaliban adabi na jami'ar, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1997. Manufarta ita ce ta shirya shigar da ƙwararru na ɗaliban adabi, don kafa alaƙa tsakanin ɗaliban adabin adabi da duniyar aiki da kuma inganta tsarin da Faculté de Lettres ta bayar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atouts Lettres – Présentation |url=http://www.asso-etud.unige.ch/atouts-lettres/pres.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623080951/http://www.asso-etud.unige.ch/atouts-lettres/pres.html |archive-date=23 June 2008 |access-date=20 July 2015 |website=Asso-etud.unige.ch}}</ref> == Dalibai == A cikin tarihinta, adadi mai yawa na tsofaffin ɗaliban UNIGE sun zama sanannun a fannonin su, duka ilimi, da kuma duniya baki daya. Abokan Jami'ar Geneva sun lashe kyaututtuka 10 na Nobel. Tsoffin ɗalibai masu digiri (Martin Hairer da Vaughan Jones) sun lashe lambobin yabo na filin 2. Jami'ar ta karbi bakuncin masu kyautar Nobel da yawa a matsayin dalibai, masu bincike da / ko furofesoshi: Norman Angell (1872-1967), Nobel Peace Prize 1933;  Karl Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987, IHEID) Kyautar Nobel a Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki 1974;  Daniel Bovet (1907-1992), Kyautar Nobel a Magunguna 1957;  Niels Kaj Jerne (1911-1994), Kyautar Nobel a Magunguna 1984;  Maurice Allais (1911-2010, IHEID), Kyautar Nobel a Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki 1988;  Edmond H. Fischer (1920–2021), Kyautar Nobel a Magunguna 1992;  Martin Rodbell (1925-1998), Kyautar Nobel a Magunguna 1994;  Alan Jay Heeger (an haife shi a shekara ta 1936), lambar yabo ta Nobel a Chemistry 2000;  Werner Arber (an haife shi a shekara ta 1929), lambar yabo ta Nobel a likitanci 1978;  Kofi Annan (1938–2018, IHEID), lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel 2001;  Magajin gari Michel (1942--) da Didier Queloz (1966--), lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin Physics 2019 (tare da James Peeb Har ila yau, ta dauki bakuncin ko ta kammala karatun lambobin yabo guda hudu: Vaughan Jones (1952-2020), laureate a 1990, Stanislav Smirnov (an haife shi a 1970), laureated a 2010, Martin Hairer (an haifi shi a 1975), laureado a 2014, da Hugo Duminil-Copin (an haifu shi a 1985), laureat a 2022.<gallery class="center" caption="Selected Nobel laureate affiliates of UNIGE"> Fayil:Gunnar_Myrdal_1964_002_(cropped).jpg|Karl Gunnar Myrdal, recipient of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences Fayil:Werber_Arber_(cropped).jpg|Werner Arber, recipient of the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Fayil:Edmond_Fischer_Nobel_Laureate_1992.jpg|Edmond H. Fischer, recipient of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Fayil:Kofi_Annan_(2018).jpg|[[Kofi Annan]], recipient of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize Fayil:Didier_Queloz_at_the_ESO_50th_Anniversary_Gala_Event_-_01.jpg|Didier Queloz, recipient of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics </gallery>{{Columns-list|* [[Werner Arber]] (born 1929) * [[Fawzia Al-Ashmawi]] (born 1940s) * [[Jonathan Barnes]] (born 1942) * [[Roland Barthes]] (1915–1980) * [[Samuel Baud-Bovy]] (1906–1986) * [[Theodore Beza]] (1519–1605) * [[Yves Bonnefoy]] (1923–2016) * [[Raymond Boudon]] (born 1934) * [[Jacques Bouveresse]] (1940–2021) * [[François Bovon]] (1938-2013) * [[Michel Butor]] (1926–2016) * [[John Calvin]] (1509–1564) * [[Edouard Claparède]] (1873–1940) * [[Raphael H. Cohen]] (born 1953) * [[Georges Cottier]] (1922–2016) * [[Gabriel Cramer]] (1704–1752) * [[Victoria Curzon-Price]] (born 1942) * [[Sheridan Delépine]] (1855–1921) * [[Kuppamuthu Dharmalingam]] (born 1949) * [[Jean-Pierre Eckmann]] (born 1944) * [[Pascal Engel]] (born 1954) * [[Georges Favon]] (1843–1902) * [[Guglielmo Ferrero]] (1871–1942) (IHEID) * [[Adolphe Ferrière]] (1879–1960) * [[Øystein Fischer]] (1942–2013) * [[Théodore Flournoy]] (1854–1920) * [[Harry Gideonse]] (1901–1985) (IHEID), President of [[Brooklyn College]], and Chancellor of the [[New School for Social Research]] * [[Jeanne Hersch]] (1910–2000) * [[Bärbel Inhelder]] (1913–1997) * [[Albert Jacquard]] (1925–2013) * [[Hans Kelsen]] (1881–1973) (IHEID) * [[Stephan Klapproth]] (born 1958) * [[Ulrich K. Laemmli]] (born 1940) * [[Jan-Erik Lane]] (born 1946) * [[Nadia Magnenat Thalmann]] (born 1946) * [[Giorgio Malinverni]] (born 1941) (IHEID) * [[Francis Marchal]] (born 1964) * [[Michel Mayor]] (born 1942) * [[Hans Morgenthau]] (1904–1980) (IHEID) * [[Kevin Mulligan]] (born 1951) * [[Robert Mundell]] (1932–2021) (IHEID) * [[Marguerite Narbel]] (1918–2010)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marion |first=Gilbert |date=July 7, 2011 |others=Translated by Alice Holenstein-Beereuter |title=Narbel, Marguerite |url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/articles/032113/2011-07-07/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=[[Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]] |language=de}}</ref> * [[Joseph Nye]] (born 1937) (IHEID) * [[Carlo Ossola]] (born 1946) * [[Jean Piaget]] (1896–1980) * [[Jean Pictet]] (1914–2002) * [[Franciscus Portus]] (1511–1581) * [[Albert de Pury]] (born 1940) * [[William Rappard]] (1883–1958) (IHEID) * [[André Rey (psychologist)|André Rey]] (1906–1965) * [[Gonzague de Reynold]] (1880–1970) * [[Georges de Rham]] (1903–1990) * [[Denis de Rougemont]] (1906–1985) * [[Jean Rousset]] (1910–2002) * [[Ferdinand de Saussure]] (1857–1913) * [[Joseph Justus Scaliger]] (1540–1609) * [[Klaus Scherer]] (born 1943) * [[Klaus Schwab]] (born 1938) * [[Jean de Serres]] (1540–1598) * [[Stanislav Smirnov]] (born 1970) * [[Jean Starobinski]] (1920–2019) * [[Maurice Stroun]] (1926-2017) * [[George Steiner]] (1929–2020) * [[Ernst Stueckelberg]] (1905–1984) * [[Carsten Peter Thiede]] (1952–2004) * [[Chaim Weizmann]] (1874–1952) * [[Éric Werner]] (born 1940) * [[Zhang Weiwei (professor)|Zhang Weiwei]] (born 1958) (IHEID) * [[Jean Ziegler]] (born 1934) (IUED)}} === Shahararrun ɗalibai === {{Columns-list|* [[Henri of Luxembourg]] (IHEID) * [[Maria Teresa Mestre]] (IHEID) * [[Princess Astrid of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este|Astrid de Belgique]] (IUEE) * [[Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium|Joséphine-Charlotte de Belgique]] * [[Princess Nora of Liechtenstein|Nora of Liechtenstein]] (IHEID) * [[Marie José Burki]] * [[Elias Farah]] * [[Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice|Emanuele Filiberto di Savoia]] * [[Bonaya Adhi Godana]] * [[Hartley Shawcross, Baron Shawcross]] * [[Norman Angell|Sir Norman Angell]] * [[Natalia Aszkenazy]] * [[José Manuel Durão Barroso]] (IUEE) * [[Ferdinand P. Beer]] * [[Manolo Blahnik]] * [[Nicolas Bouvier]] * [[Micheline Calmy-Rey]] (IHEID) * [[Róbert Cey-Bert]] * [[Marguerite Champendal]] * [[Corinne Chaponnière]] * [[Albert Cohen (novelist)|Albert Cohen]] * [[Hernando de Soto]] (IHEID) * [[Ruth Dreifuss]] * [[Jacques Dubochet]] * [[Georges Favon]] * [[Ian Fleming]] * [[Paul Flowers (banker)|Paul Flowers]] * [[Diane von Fürstenberg]] * [[Claude Goretta]] * [[Martin Hairer]] * [[Jean Hoerni]] * [[Afet İnan]] * [[Sandra Kalniete]] (IHEID) * [[Sophie Kanza]] * [[Lazare Kopelmanas]] * [[Zygmunt Krasiński]] * [[Frances Lanitou]] * [[Dominique Lévy]]<ref name=Levy>{{cite web|title=Dominique Levy|url=http://www.dominique-levy.com/contact|work=Dominique-levy.com|access-date=8 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623064958/http://www.dominique-levy.com/contact|archive-date=23 June 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> * [[Kaweh Mansouri]] * [[Moshe Many]] * [[Gilles Marchand]] * [[Şükrü Saracoğlu]] * [[Fátima Mereles]] * [[Serge Moscovici]] * [[Placide Nicod]] * [[Claude Nicollier]] * [[Jean Pictet]] * [[Emma Pieczynska-Reichenbach]] * [[Claude Piron]] * [[Hans-Gert Pöttering]] (IHEID) * [[Nasser Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah]] * [[Arnold Reymond]] * [[Marco Solari]] * [[Jürgen Wöhler]] * [[Ehsan Naraghi]] * [[Georg Seelig]] * [[Sigmund Widmer]] * [[Tariq Ramadan]] * [[Hani Ramadan]] * [[Elena Aprile]] * [[Paul Dubrule]] * [[Frank Martin (composer)|Frank Martin]] * [[Enrique Moles Ormella]] * [[Riadh Sidaoui]] (IHEID) * [[Alain Tanner]] * [[Sophie Schwartz]] * [[Alan E. Zimmer]] * [[Mirjana Spoljaric Egger]] * [[Yves Flückiger]]}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sf687hr16el33ehotjh3xozanfceewk 0 111539 840347 827597 2026-05-26T21:48:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840347 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jami'ar Groningen''' (abbreviated as '''UG'''; <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwsg="">RUG-wordt-joedzjie<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;title<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>''</nowiki>Rug wordt 'joedzjie<nowiki>'''</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;publisher<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Universiteitskrant<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;19 April 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20160427055819/http://www.ukrant.nl/nieuws/rug-wordt-joedzjie&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;27</nowiki> April 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url-status<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;dead<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBBQ\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt34\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwBBU\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160427055819/http://www.ukrant.nl/nieuws/rug-wordt-joedzjie\" id=\"mwBBY\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"<i id=\"mwBBc\">Rug wordt 'joedzjie'</i></nowiki>\"<nowiki></a></nowiki>. <nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-7" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./University_of_Groningen#cite_note-7 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, abbreviated at RUG) jami'ar bincike ce ta jama'a da ke da dalibai sama da 30,000 a birnin Groningen. An kafa shi a shekara ta 1614, jami'ar ita ce ta biyu mafi tsufa a kasar (bayan Leiden). Jami'ar Groningen tana da ikon koyarwa goma sha ɗaya, makarantun digiri na tara, cibiyoyin bincike da cibiyoyi 27, da fiye da shirye-shiryen digiri 175. Tsofaffin daliban jami'ar sun hada da Johann Bernoulli, Aletta Jacobs, wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo ta Nobel hudu, wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo ta Spinoza guda tara, da Stevin Prize daya, da wasu 'yan gidan sarautar Holland, 'yan siyasa da dama, shugaban farko na babban bankin Turai, da kuma babban sakataren kungiyar tsaro ta NATO.. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prominent Professors {{!}} History {{!}} University Museum {{!}} Public outreach {{!}} Society/Business {{!}} University of Groningen |url=https://www.rug.nl/society-business/university-museum/prominent-professors/ |access-date=2018-06-05 |website=www.rug.nl |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2006 |title=Awards and medals {{!}} Facts and figures {{!}} Our position {{!}} About us {{!}} University of Groningen |url=https://www.rug.nl/about-us/where-do-we-stand/facts-and-figures/prijzen-penningen |access-date=2018-06-09 |website=www.rug.nl |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spinoza Prize winners 1996-2020 {{!}} NWO Spinoza Prize {{!}} Top researchers {{!}} Leading research {{!}} Research {{!}} University of Groningen |url=https://www.rug.nl/about-ug/profile/prizes-and-awards/stevin/linda-steg/stevinpremie-voor-linda-steg?lang=en |access-date=2018-06-11 |website=www.rug.nl |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Ubbo_Emmius_(1547-1625).jpg|thumb|Ubbo Emmius shine shugaban farko na Jami'ar Groningen]] An kafa ma'aikatar a matsayin kwaleji a cikin wani shiri da Majalisar Yankin garin Groningen da ''Ommelanden'', ko yankin da ke kewaye da ita suka dauka. Akwai fannoni huɗu - tauhidin, shari'a, magani, da falsafar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2011 |title=Groningen, University of |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/study-abroad/universities/groningen-university-of-2248629.html |website=[[Independent.co.uk]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Groningen: Facts & Figures |url=https://www.rnw.org/archive/university-groningen-facts-figures |access-date=2025-08-07 |archive-date=2018-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072431/https://www.rnw.org/archive/university-groningen-facts-figures |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=''Article in U.S. News & World Report; accessed on 11 July 2017'' |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-groningen-500967}}</ref> The Estates of the City and County of Groningen sun tabbatar da alamar makamai ta jami'ar a cikin 1615. Ya ƙunshi makamai na lardin, wanda aka caje shi da littafi mai buɗewa wanda aka rubuta tare da taƙaitaccen kalmomin VER / VM / DNI LV / CER / NA, takaice ga ''Verbum Domini Lucerna Pedibus Nostris'' . Garkuwar tana da kambi na zinariya na [[ganye]] biyar da lu'ulu'u huɗu. In the first 75 years of its existence about 100 students enrolled every year.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Almost half of the students and lecturers came from outside the Netherlands – the first ''rector magnificus'', Ubbo Emmius, came from East Frisia in modern-day Germany, for instance – but at the same time there was already a close relationship between the university and the city and the surrounding region.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2021}} Ci gaban jami'ar ya tsaya a ƙarshen karni na goma sha bakwai kuma a cikin karni na sha takwas saboda bambance-bambance na tauhidi, dangantaka mai wuya tare da Majalisar Yankin da matsalolin siyasa waɗanda suka haɗa da kewayewar birnin na tsawon wata da yarima-bishop na Münster 'Bommen Berend (Bombing Bernhard) " a cikin 1672 lokacin da jami'ar ta kafa kamfanin ɗaliban sa kai (VSC). A matsakaita dalibai ɗari biyu zuwa uku sun yi rajista tare da jami'ar a kowane lokaci a wannan lokacin. [[Fayil:Academiegebouw_Groningen_1858.jpg|left|thumb|Babban gini na ƙarni na 19 a 1858]] [[Fayil:090529_Academiegebouw_Groningen_NL.jpg|thumb|Babban gini na ƙarni na 20 a cikin 2009]] A lokacin mamayar Faransa tsakanin 1775 zuwa 1814 Jami'ar Groningen ta kasance Jami'ar Imperial ta [[Faris|Paris]] ce ke kula da ita.  Ba kamar Jami'ar Leiden ba, ba a rufe ta kuma an sake sanya wa Cibiyar suna Jami'ar Imperial na Groningen (Keizerlijke Universiteit Groningen).  A wannan lokacin, ta kasance babbar jami'a ta bude a cikin Masarautar Holland.   A cikin 1815 bayan Yaƙin Napoleon, a daidai lokacin da Leiden da Utrecht, jami'a ta sami karbuwa a matsayin kwalejin ilimi ta ƙasa, amma wannan ya biyo bayan tattaunawa game da rufewa.  Lamarin ya inganta sa’ad da aka gina sabon babban ginin jami’a, Academiegebouw, a shekara ta 1850, ginin da jama’ar Groningen suka samar da kuɗaɗen gaske.  Gobara ta lalata ginin gaba daya a shekara ta 1906.. A halin yanzu, Dokar Ilimi ta 1876 ta inganta matsayin jami'ar sosai, wanda aka sake masa suna "Rijksuniversiteit Groningen" (RUG). Koyarwa ta faru ne a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland da Latin, kuma an ba jami'ar aikin bincike da kuma aikin ilimi. Jami'ar Groningen ta haɓaka a cikin shekarun farko na ƙarni na ashirin. Yawan ikon koyarwa da kwasa-kwasan ya ƙaru a hankali yayin da adadin ɗalibai ya ƙaru cikin sauri. Lokacin da jami'a ta yi bikin shekaru 300 na farko a 1914 akwai dalibai 611 da suka yi rajista; wannan ya girma zuwa 1,000 da 1924. Bayan wani digo baya a lokacin da Depression, da kuma musamman a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, da yawan dalibai girma da sauri daga 1945 zuwa 20,000 a 1994. A cikin 'yan lokutan akwai game da 32,700 dalibai rajista a Jami'ar Groningen tare da yawan kasashen waje dalibai, da kuma na farko da aka yi girma a al'adar Redictor. yawan ɗalibai da masu bincike na Jamus sun ƙaru sosai. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, RUG ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da Jami'ar Aikin Gona ta kasar Sin don kafa harabar a birnin Yantai na kasar Sin. Wannan zai sanya RUG jami'ar Holland ta farko da ta bude harabar a kasar Sin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=RUG: Yantai van de baan |url=https://www.ukrant.nl/rug-yantai-van-de-baan/ |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=UKrant.nl |publisher=Thereza Langeler, Rob Siebelink}}</ref> An soki shirin sosai, galibi saboda damuwa game da ƙuntata 'yancin ilimi wanda ya haifar da tantancewa a kasar Sin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2018 |title=De China-plannen van Rijksuniversiteit Groningen |url=https://nos.nl/nieuwsuur/video/2189932-de-china-plannen-van-rijksuniversiteit-groningen.html |access-date=28 November 2018 |publisher=NOS}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2018, Kwamitin Zartarwa na UG ya soke tsare-tsaren, bisa ga "rashin isasshen tallafi ga aikin". <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2018 |title=''Rijksuniversiteit Groningen blaast plan Chinees filiaal af'' |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2214377-rijksuniversiteit-groningen-blaast-plan-chinees-filiaal-af.html |access-date=28 November 2018 |publisher=NOS}}</ref> == Gaskiya da adadi == [[Fayil:StudentenRUG.jpg|thumb|Lambobin ɗalibai]] Muhimman bayanai da adadi game da Jami'ar Groningen sune: * Jami'ar, tun daga shekarar 2020, tana da dalibai 34,000 da suka shiga shirye-shirye daban-daban daga matakin digiri har zuwa daliban digiri. Wannan ya hada da dalibai 8,250 na kasa da kasa. * Jami'ar a halin yanzu tana da mutane 3,600 a cikin ma'aikatanta na ilimi. UMCG ya haɗa, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ma'aikatan ilimi na duniya ne. * [[Farfesa|cikakken farfesa]] 425 * 45+ shirye-shiryen digiri na farko (an koyar da shirye-shirye na digiri na 35+ a Turanci) * Shirye-shiryen digiri na 120+ da aka koyar da Turanci * 40+ bincike master da kuma manyan shirye-shirye * 11 fannoni (ɗaya a babban birnin Frisia na Leeuwarden), makarantun digiri tara * Tsofaffi 140,000 * Kasashe 120+ * Littattafan bincike 8,000 * 'Yan takarar PhD 4,350 (51% na kasa da kasa) * Kudin Yuro biliyan 1.0 * Gudanar da bincike daga Majalisar Bincike ta Dutch (NWO): Gudanar da farawa 14 (Veni), Gudanar da Bincike 5 (Vidi) da kuma manyan tallafin bincike 4 (Vici) da aka bayar a cikin 2020 * Gudummawar bincike daga Majalisar Bincike ta Turai (ERC): 1 Farawa Gudanarwa, 1 Gudanarwa Mai Ƙara, 3 Gudanarwa da 1 Tabbacin Gudanarwa wanda aka bayar a cikin 2020 * 18 takardun shaida a cikin 2020 Jami'ar tana aiki a karkashin tsarin BSA (Binding Study Advice), wanda a karkashinsa ɗalibin digiri na farko (bachelor) dole ne ya sami wani adadin ECTS don ci gaba zuwa shekara ta biyu. Wannan ya bambanta daga 30 ECTS zuwa 45 ECTS tsakanin digiri daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Binding study advice (BSA) {{!}} Studying at the University {{!}} Find out more {{!}} Education {{!}} University of Groningen |url=https://www.rug.nl/education/find-out-more/studying-at-university/the-binding-study-advice?lang=en |access-date=2018-06-03 |website=www.rug.nl |language=en}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasahar Bayanai ta jami'ar (CIT) tana da babban kwamfuta na IBM Blue Gene/L / L da cibiyar bayanai ta Target da aikin LOFAR ya yi amfani da ita da kuma Cibiyar Gaskiya ta Gaskiya da 3D.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2007 |title=The Cave |url=http://www.rug.nl/science-and-society/centre-for-information-technology/hpcv/vr_visualisation/art_exhibitions/wikke/wikke-theater |access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> == Matsayi da suna ==   * Jami'ar Groningen (RUG) memba ne na abin da ake kira Excellence Group na jami'o'i a Turai. Kungiyar Excellence tana da mambobi 56, wanda shine kashi 1.3 cikin dari na kimanin cibiyoyin Turai 4,500 na ilimi mafi girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHE ranking (2010) |url=http://www.excellenceranking.org/eusid/EUSID |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622053638/http://www.excellenceranking.org/eusid/EUSID |archive-date=22 June 2011 |access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> * RUG na cikin manyan jami'o'in bincike 100 a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2008 |title=Internationale positie |url=https://www.rug.nl/about-ug/profile/facts-and-figures/position-international-rankings |access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref> * RUG ta kasance # 80 a cikin Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2021. * Dangane da Rahoton Labaran Amurka da Duniya na 2019, Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci ta kasance ta 3 a cikin Netherlands, ta 10 a Turai kuma ta 32 a duniya don Tattalin Ruwa da Kasuwancin. * A cikin 2021, jami'ar ta kasance # 64 a cikin Matsayin Ilimi na Jami'o'in Duniya (ARWU). <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2021 |url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/university-of-groningen |access-date=2022-05-06 |publisher=Shanghai Jiao Tong University}}</ref> Baya ga wannan jimlar gaba ɗaya, jami'ar ta fada cikin saman duniya 100 don takamaiman fannoni da batutuwa da yawa: Psychology (41), Clinical Medicine (51-75), Business Administration (37), Ecology (51-75). * RUG ta kasance a matsayi na # 139 a duk duniya a cikin QS WUR 2024. * Jami'ar ta kasance a matsayi na # 73 a duk duniya a cikin 2019 ta Jami'ar Taiwan ta Kasa wacce ke buga Matsayin Ayyuka na Takardun Kimiyya don Jami'o'in Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 - Overall ranking |url=http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/OverallRanking/DataPage/OverallRanking.aspx?y=2019 |access-date=9 July 2020 |archive-date=9 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709200513/http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/OverallRanking/DataPage/OverallRanking.aspx?y=2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Webometrics ya sanya jami'ar # 85 a duk duniya da # 14 a Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe |url=http://www.webometrics.info/en/Ranking_Europe |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref> * Jami'ar ta kasance a matsayi na 3 a cikin [[UI GreenMetric World University Ranking]] a cikin 2021, wanda ya haɗa da jami'o'i 780. UI GreenMetric World University Rankings an ƙaddamar da shi ta Universitas Indonesia (UI) don mayar da hankali kan wayar da kan jama'a game da dorewa a cikin manufofin jami'a. Jami'o'i suna cikin matsayi bisa ga bayanan da aka bayar da rahoton kansu a fannonin Setting da Infrastructure, Energy da Climate Change, Waste, Water, Transportation, da Education da Research.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 - Overall ranking |url=https://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/rankings/overall-rankings-2021/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |publisher=Greenmetric UI |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220015249/https://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/rankings/overall-rankings-2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Daga 2019 zuwa 2020, jami'ar ta kasance a matsayi na 91 a [[The Centre for World University Rankings|Cibiyar Nazarin Jami'o'i ta Duniya]] (CWUR). <ref>{{Cite web |title=World University Rankings 2019-20 |url=https://cwur.org/2019-20.php |access-date=9 July 2020 |publisher=Center for World University Rankings}}</ref> * A cikin 2019, Times Higher Education ya gabatar da sabon matsayi: Matsayin Koyarwa na Turai . Jami'ar ta kasance a matsayi na 26, wanda ya hada da jami'o'i sama da 200. Wannan sabon matsayi yana mai da hankali kan ingancin koyarwa da yanayin ilmantarwa na cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma ga ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2019 |title=Europe Teaching Rankings 2019 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/rankings/europe-teaching/2019#!/page/0/length/25/locations/NL/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/undefined |access-date=9 July 2020 |publisher=Europe Teaching Rankings}}</ref> * Jami'ar ta kasance ta farko a cikin Netherlands ta U-Multirank (UMR) a cikin 2019. UMR ta samo asali ne daga ƙungiyar da ta kunshi Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Ilimi mafi girma (CHEPS) a Twente, Cibiyar Ilimi mafi Girma (CHE) a Jamus da Cibiyar Nazaren Kimiyya da Fasaha (CWTS) a Leiden. Jami'ar ta sami mafi girman maki a kan alamomi 16 waɗanda suka haɗa da girman Gudanar da Kasa, Bincike da Canjin Ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U-Multirank (2019) |url=https://www.umultirank.org/study-at/university-of-groningen-rankings/ |access-date=9 July 2020 |publisher=U-Multirank 2020 |archive-date=11 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411180420/https://www.umultirank.org/study-at/university-of-groningen-rankings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci ta sami amincewar AACSB da EQUIS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2012 |title=Accreditation, assessment and embedding - ''Organisatie / FEB - FEB - Over ons - Rijksuniversiteit Groningen'' |url=https://www.rug.nl/feb/organization/accreditations |website=www.rug.nl}}</ref> [[Fayil:Oude_Boteringestraat_44_-_18635.jpg|thumb|Ginin Gudanarwa, [[Oude Boteringestraat]] 44]] An gyara ɗakin karatu na jami'a tsakanin 2013 da 2017. RUG tana da reshe a Leeuwarden . An dakatar da shirye-shiryen kafa "kasuwancin reshe" a Yantai na kasar Sin a watan Janairun 2018, kuma yanzu ana kafa Gidan Tarihin Jami'ar. [[Fayil:Academy_Building_of_RUG_on_May_27,_2019.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Kwalejin Jami'ar Groningen a cikin 2019]] [[Fayil:Duisenberg_Building.jpg|thumb|Ginin Duisenberg (Faculty of Economics and Business) ]] [[Fayil:De_Harmonie_(Groningen).jpg|thumb|Ginin Harmonie na Faculty of Arts and Law]] [[Fayil:20090628_MedFac_UMCG_Groningen_NL.jpg|thumb|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya]] [[Fayil:RuG_Linnaeusborg_panorama.JPG|thumb|Linnaeusborg (Faculty of Science and Engineering) ]] [[Fayil:Bernoulliborg_2018.jpg|thumb|Bernoulliborg (Faculty of Science and Engineering) ]] [[Fayil:RuG-Groningen-TFL.jpg|thumb|Kwalejin Kimiyya da Injiniya]] [[Fayil:Zernikeborg_(Zernikecomplex).JPG|thumb|Smitsborg (Cibiyar Fasahar Bayanai ta Donald Smits, CIT) ]] [[Fayil:Zernike-gebouw_(Zernikecomplex).JPG|thumb|Kapteynborg (Astronomy) ]] [[Fayil:RuG_KVI_panorama.JPG|thumb|Cibiyar Bincike ta KVI-CART]] [[Fayil:Feringa_Buiding.jpg|thumb|Ginin Feringa (Faculty of Science and Engineering) ]] Jami'ar Groningen an shirya ta a cikin fannoni goma sha ɗaya waɗanda ke ba da shirye-shirye da darussan a fannonin bil'adama, kimiyyar zamantakewa, ''duba.'', tattalin arziki da kasuwanci, kimiyyyar sararin samaniya, kimiyyu na rayuwa, da kimiyyar halitta da fasaha. Kowace kwaleji (cf., Kwalejin a Amurka ko Makarantar a Turai) ƙungiya ce ta shirye-shiryen digiri na ilimi, makarantu da cibiyoyi, wuraren horo, cibiyoyin bincike, da / ko duk wani haɗuwa da waɗannan da aka haɗa tare don dalilai na ilimi. Kowace bangare tana ba da bachelor's, master's, PhD, da shirye-shiryen musayar, yayin da wasu kuma ke ba da gajeren darussan takardar shaidar. Tun daga shekara ta 2014, RUG tana da kwalejin zane-zane mai zaman kanta, Kwalejin Jami'ar Groningen (UCG). <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2018 |title=BA/BSc Liberal Arts & Sciences |url=https://www.rug.nl/ucg/education/ |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=rug.nl}}</ref> * Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci * Kwalejin Fasaha * Kwalejin Shari'a * Ma'aikatar Addini, Al'adu da Al'umma * Kwalejin Falsafa * Kwalejin Halin Halin da Kimiyya ta Jama'a * Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya * Kwalejin Kimiyya da Injiniya * Kwalejin Kimiyya ta YankinKimiyya ta sararin samaniya * Kwalejin Jami'ar Groningen * Cibiyar Fryslân === Haɗin kai na ƙasa === * Exposome-NL, ƙungiyar Dutch da ke ba da hadin kai a fagen bincike mai ban mamaki. === Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa === Jami'ar Groningen tana shiga cikin nau'ikan hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa da yawa a duk lokacin koyarwa da bincike. Manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa da abokan hulɗa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-07 |title=Networks |url=https://www.rug.nl/about-ug/profile/internationalization/networks/ |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=University of Groningen |language=en}}</ref> na jami'ar sune: * Enlight, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Enlight website |url=https://enlight-eu.org/index.php |website=}}</ref> wata ƙungiya ta jami'o'in Turai guda tara, The Guild <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Guild of European research-intensive universities |url=https://www.the-guild.eu/}}</ref> na jami'o-kimiyyar bincike ta Turai da Ƙungiyar Coimbra, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coimbra Group Universities |url=https://www.coimbra-group.eu/ |access-date=2022-01-25 |website=www.coimbra-group.eu}}</ref> cibiyar sadarwa ta jami'ai 37 da aka kafa a Turai. == Cibiyar == Dakunan karatu daban-daban suna kewaye da birni. Yawancin ikon tunani- da suka haɗa da ikon Doka, Arts da Falsafa suna cikin tsakiyar gari da kewaye. Asalin ginin jami'ar, wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban ginin gudanarwa, ya ta'allaka ne a tsakiyar birnin a Broerstraat. Makarantar kimiyyar likitanci tana kusa da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Groningen (UMCG). Kwalejin Ilimin Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci, Kimiyyar sararin samaniya, da Kimiyya da Injiniya suna zaune a bayan garin arewa, a harabar Zernike, mai suna bayan wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Frits Zernike. Har ila yau, jami'ar Hanze na Kimiyyar Kimiyya ce ke raba harabar Zernike, babbar jami'ar da ke birnin, wanda ya sa adadin daliban da ke karatu a wurin kusan 40,000..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zernike Campus |url=https://campus.groningen.nl/en/campus-groningen/zernike-campus |access-date=2019-10-20 |website=Groningen - City of Talent |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jami'ar tana da dakunan karatu a wurare uku: babban a tsakiyar gari, daya a cikin ginin Duisenberg a Zernike Campus, kuma daya a cikin fannin kiwon lafiya, wanda ya haɗa da littattafai da kayan kan layi don ɗalibai. Jami'ar kuma kwanan nan ta bude wani harabar a Leeuwarden, Friesland, wanda ake kira "Campus Fryslân", wanda ke ba da horo da yawa a duka matakan digiri da digiri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2012 |title=Faculties {{!}} Our organization {{!}} About us {{!}} University of Groningen |url=https://www.rug.nl/about-us/organization/faculties/ |access-date=2018-06-11 |website=www.rug.nl |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar dalibi == Birnin Groningen an san shi da birnin dalibai na Netherlands; kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mazaunan garin dalibai ne a ko dai Jami'ar Groningen ko a Jami'ar Hanze ta Kimiyya. Jami'ar, ta hanyar ACLO, tana ba da ayyuka masu yawa na wasanni, da darussan. Kusan kowane wasanni yana da nasa ƙungiya, kuma yana ba da amfani da kayan aikinsa a farashin ragi ga ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sports associations {{!}} Extracurricular activities and associations {{!}} Student life {{!}} Find out more {{!}} Education {{!}} University of Groningen |url=https://www.rug.nl/education/find-out-more/extracurricular-activities-associations/sports-associations |access-date=2018-06-11 |website=www.rug.nl |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau, jami'ar tana da ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai da yawa waɗanda ke shirya abubuwan zamantakewa ga membobinta, da ƙungiyoyin dalibai da na karatu, waɗanda galibi suna damuwa da takamaiman ƙwarewa da darussan. Amfani da [[Keke|kekuna]] a matsayin hanyar sufuri ya fi yawa ga mazauna yankin da ɗalibai, kuma ya haɗa, hanyoyin keken da aka lakafta daga tsakiyar gari zuwa Zernike. Ana kiran garin da "Birnin Cycling na Duniya" saboda wannan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zee |first=Renate van der |date=2015-07-29 |title=''How Groningen invented a cycling template for cities all over the world'' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jul/29/how-groningen-invented-a-cycling-template-for-cities-all-over-the-world |access-date=2018-06-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> === Gidajen dalibai === Jami'ar Groningen ba ta da masaukin ɗalibai. Yana ba, duk da haka, yana ba wa ɗalibai masauki ta hanyar SSH Student Housing, wanda ke gudanar da gidajen ɗalibai a wurare daban-daban a Groningen, da sauran garuruwa daban-daban a cikin Netherlands. Yawancin ɗalibai suna zaune a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu a cikin birni, duk da haka, ƙari na kwanan nan ga zaɓin gidaje na ɗalibai shine Otal ɗin Student shima. A yunƙurin yaƙar ƙarancin gidaje na shekara-shekara, birnin Groningen ya ƙarfafa gina ƙauyen na ɗan gajeren lokaci kamar ƙauyen da aka yi da kwantena na jigilar kayayyaki ga ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya[2]. Gwamnatin Holland tana da tsauraran dokoki don masauki masu zaman kansu ga masu haya (dalibai) da masu gida, domin a iya kiyaye farashin haya mai kyau, da yanayin haya.[3]. A cikin 2018, jami'ar ta sami kulawa ta ƙasa saboda rikicin gidaje a birnin Groningen. Saboda gaskiyar cewa yawancin ɗalibai masu shigowa a jami'ar sun fito ne daga wasu sassan ƙasar, ko duniya, an sami rashin zaɓuɓɓukan gidaje ga ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2018 |title=The Student Housing Nightmare |url=https://dutchreview.com/featured/the-student-housing-nightmare-a-tale-of-discrimination-fraud-and-protest/ |access-date=11 June 2018 |website=The Dutch Review}}</ref> Musamman a cikin fall semester na 2021 rikicin gidaje ya kai kololuwa tare da daruruwan dalibai da aka ruwaito ba su da masauki kuma suna komawa mafaka ta gaggawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2021 |title=Academy building occupation hasn't led to new beds yet |url=https://ukrant.nl/academy-building-occupation-hasnt-led-to-new-beds-yet/?lang=en |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=Ukrant}}</ref> Rashin gidaje ya haifar da zanga-zanga a tsakiyar gari wanda ya ƙare a cikin ginin Kwalejin da dalibai ke zaune na ɗan lokaci don matsa lamba ga birnin don fadada gidaje na gaggawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2021 |title=Groningen student sit-in ends after 9 hours; Improvements promised |url=https://nltimes.nl/2021/09/10/groningen-student-sit-ends-9-hours-improvements-promised |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=NL Times}}</ref> == Bincike == A cikin 2023, an ba da PhD 635 (12% na jimlar ga Netherlands). Kimanin kashi 60% na sabbin daliban PhD da aka shigar sun fito ne daga kasashen waje. * Cibiyar Harshen da Sanarwa ta Groningen (CLCG) * Cibiyar Addini da Tarihi * Cibiyar Addini, Rikicin da Duniya (CRCG) * Cibiyar Addini, Lafiya da Lafiya * CRASIS, Al'adu, Addini da Al'umma a cikin Tsohon Girka da Romawa * Nazarin Duniya Groningen (GSG) * Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Groningen (GIA) * Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi ta Groningen (GION) * Cibiyar Bincike ta Falsafa ta Groningen (GRIPH) * Cibiyar Bincike ta Groningen don Nazarin Al'adu (ICOG) * Cibiyar Heymans * Cibiyar Nazarin Indiya * Cibiyar Interuniversity don Ka'idar Kimiyya ta Jama'a da Hanyar (ICS) * Cibiyar Qumran * Cibiyar Nazarin Birane da Yankin (URSI) '''Dokar''' * Cibiyar Shari'a, Gudanarwa da Al'umma (CRBS) * Cibiyar Shari'ar Makamashi ta Groningen (GCEL) * Cibiyar Bincike ta SOM * Makarantar Bincike ta Halin Halin Halitta da Kimiyya (BCN) / UMCG * Cibiyar Bincike BCN-BRAIN / UMCG * Cibiyar Binciken Ciwon daji ta Groningen (CRCG) / UMCG * Cibiyar Groningen don Kimiyya ta Rayuwa ta Juyin Halitta (GELIFES) * Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Jami'ar Groningen (GUIDE) / UMCG * Groningen Biomolecular Sciences da Biotechnology (GBB) * Cibiyar Bincike ta Groningen Pharmacy (GRIP) * Kimiyya a cikin Lafiya da Lafiya (SHARE), UMCG * Cibiyar WJ Kolff don Injiniyan Biomedical da Kimiyya ta Kayan aiki / UMCG '''Kimiyya da Injiniya'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2012 |title=Research institutes {{!}} Research {{!}} University of Groningen |url=https://www.rug.nl/research/fse/institutes-and-centres |access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> * Cibiyar Bernoulli don Lissafi, Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta da Ilimin Artificial * ENTEG - Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha ta Groningen * ESRIG - Cibiyar Bincike ta Makamashi da Ci gaba ta Groningen * GBB - Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasahar Biomolecular ta Groningen * GELIFES - Cibiyar Groningen don Kimiyya ta Rayuwa ta Juyin Halitta * GRIP - Cibiyar Bincike ta Groningen * ISEC - Cibiyar Ilimi da Sadarwa ta Kimiyya * Cibiyar Nazarin taurari ta Kapteyn * Cibiyar Stratingh ta ilmin sunadarai * Cibiyar Van Swinderen don Fisika da Girma * Cibiyar Zernike don Kayan Kayan Kwarewa (ZIAM) === Makarantu masu digiri === Makarantun Digiri na Jami'ar Groningen an shirya su da bambanci da takwarorinta na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2012 |title=PhD programma's |url=http://www.rug.nl/education/phd-programme/ |access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> Babban bambanci shi ne cewa makarantun digiri na biyu ba su ƙunshi dukkan shirye-shiryen Jagora ba; Makarantun digiri na farko suna sarrafawa da sauƙaƙe shirye-shirye na shekaru biyu na Jagora: shirye-shiryon digiri na farko da shirye-shiryin digiri na Bincike. * Makarantar Digiri ta Kimiyya da Halin Jama'a * Makarantar Digiri ta Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci * Makarantar Digiri ta Humanities * Makarantar Digiri ta Shari'a * Makarantar Digiri ta Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya * Makarantar Digiri ta Falsafa * Makarantar Sakandare ta Kimiyya * Makarantar Digiri ta Kimiyya ta Yankin * Makarantar Digiri ta Addini, Al'adu da Al'umma == Shahararrun ɗalibai == Shahararrun tsofaffi na Jami'ar Groningen sun hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prominente Groningse hoogleraren |url=http://www.rug.nl/science-and-society/university-museum/prominent-professors/ |access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> === Shugabannin gwamnati === * Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Firayim Minista na [[Burkina Faso]] * John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Firayim Minista na Biritaniya * Suzanne Camelia-Römer, Firayim Minista na Netherlands Antilles * Etienne Ys, Firayim Minista na Netherlands Antilles * Johan Remkes, Mataimakin Firayim Minista na [[Holand|Netherlands]] === Shugabannin kasuwanci === * Bart Becht, Shugaba na Reckitt Benckiser * Maarten van den Bergh, Shugaban Bankin Lloyds, wanda aka fi sani da dan kasuwa mafi iko a Biritaniya a shekarar 2005 ta hanyar The TimesLokaci * Marc Bolland, Shugaba na Marks &amp;amp; Spencer * Dolf van den Brink, Shugaba na Heineken N.V. * Paul Polman, Shugaba na [[Unilever]] * Roel de Vries, Shugaban Kasuwanci na Duniya a Nissan Motor CorporationKamfanin Motar Nissan * Hans Wijers, Shugaban Kwamitin Kula da ING, tsohon Shugaba na AkzoNobel * [[:nl:George Möller|George Möller]], Shugaba na Robeco, tsohon Shugaba na Euronext * Chris Vogelzang, Shugaba na Bankin Danske * [[:nl:Volkert Engelsman|Volkert Engelsman]], Shugaba na Eosta * Paul Fentener van Vlissingen, Shugaba na SHV Holdings * [[:nl:Marjan Rintel|Marjan Rintel]], Shugaba na KLM, tsohon Shugaba na Dutch Railways <ref>{{Cite web |title=KLM nominates Marjan Rintel as new CEO |url=https://news.klm.com/klm-nominates-marjan-rintel-as-new-ceo/}}</ref> * [[:nl:Louise Gunning-Schepers|Louise Gunning-Schepers]], shugabar kwamitin kula da Ƙungiyar Schiphol * Maria Oudeman, shugabar Jami'ar Utrecht, tsohon darektan Equinor === Masana tattalin arziki da masana kimiyya === * Wim Duisenberg, first president of the European Central Bank * Klaas Knot, current President of the Dutch [[Babban Banki|central bank]] De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) * Dirk Stikker, Secretary General of NATO * Diederik Stapel, professor of social psychology known for fabrication of research data * Gerbrand Bakker, early 19th century physician * Johan van Benthem, logician * Johann Bernoulli, mathematician * Bart Bok, astronomer * Hans van Abeelen, first Dutch behavior geneticist * [[Corina Brussaard]], Antarctic researcher in viral ecology and phytoplankton * Anita Buma, Antarctic researcher in marine ecophysiology * Wei Ji Ma, professor of psychology and neuroscience * Ben Feringa, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2016 for his work on molecular motors * Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics while professor in Leiden for his experiments on the properties of matter at low temperatures which made the production of liquid helium possible * Frits Zernike, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the phase-contrast optical microscope in 1953. === 'Yan siyasa === * Job Cohen, tsohon magajin garin [[Amsterdam]] kuma tsohon shugaban jam'iyyar Dutch Labour PartyJam'iyyar Labour ta Dutch * [[Pim Fortuyn]], malami, daga baya ɗan siyasa kuma wanda ya kafa Jerin Pim Fortuyn (kuma an kashe shi a shekara ta 2002) * Pavela Mitova, memba na majalisar dokokin [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]] * Niccolò Invidia, memba na majalisar dokokin [[Italiya]] * Jacques Wallage, tsohon magajin garin Groningen * Halbe Zijlstra, tsohon Ministan Harkokin Waje na Holland * Bruno Bruins, tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin Holland na Ilimi, Al'adu da Kimiyya === Sauran === * Albert Hofman, masanin cututtukan cututtuka a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard T.H. Chan * Turtle Bunbury, ɗan tarihi kuma marubucin Irish * James Burnett * Lex van Dam, manajan asusun ajiya, wanda aka nuna a kan Million Dollar Traders a BBC2 * Ubbo Emmius, wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Groningen kuma shugaban farko mai girmarector magnificus * Willem Frederik Hermans, malami kuma marubuci * Gerardus Heymans, masanin falsafa da masanin halayyar dan adam * Jack Hoeksema, masanin harshe kuma farfesa a Sashen Harshen Yaren mutanen Holland da Al'adu * [[:nl:Pieter Hofstede Crull|Pieter Crull]], lauya, babban lauya na [[Suriname]] kuma mukaddashin gwamna * Peter Hofstee, farfesa a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, ya shiga IBM a cikin 1996, a halin yanzu babban masanin gine-gine na Synergistic Processor Element (SPE) na Cell microprocessor * Johan Huizinga, ɗan tarihi * Aletta Jacobs, mace ta farko a [[Holand|Netherlands]] da ta sami MD * Ashin Jinarakkhita, ɗan addinin Buddha na Indonesia * Roland Kupers, masanin kimiyyar lissafi na Dutch * Johann Heinrich Alting, masanin tauhidi * Annemarie, Duchess na Parma, ɗan jarida, mai ba da shawara, kuma memba na gidan sarauta na DutchGidan sarauta na Holland * Jaap Kunst, masanin ilimin kabilanci (bincike na doka) * Yarima Maurits van Oranje Nassau, dan uwan Sarki Willem-Alexander na Netherlands * John Nerbonne, farfesa a fannin lissafin bil'adama, gwani a fannin ilimin harshe, memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal ta Dutch * Wubbo Ockels, ɗan saman jannati na farko na Dutch, ya sami digiri na PhD a fannin kimiyyar [[lissafi]] da lissafi, 1973 * Jan Oort, masanin taurari * Johannes Jacobus Poortman, masanin falsafa, masanin halayyar dan adam * Dagmar Reichardt, farfesa a fannin masana'antar al'adu a Jami'ar Latvia * James Renwick (1662-1688) Alkawari na ScotlandMai Alkawari * Willem de Sitter, masanin taurari * Tom Snijders, masanin lissafi da masanin zamantakewa, gwani a kan bincike mai yawa da kuma mai haɓaka Siena a cikin R, shirin don nazarin hanyar sadarwar jama'aBinciken hanyar sadarwar jama'a * Henk G. Sol, Farfesa a fannin Injiniyan Kasuwanci da ICT * Pieter Jelles Troelstra, lauya, ɗan siyasa (farkon ƙarni na 20) * René Veenstra, farfesa a fannin zamantakewa, gwani a kan nazarin cibiyar sadarwar jama'a da hanyoyin rukuni a cikin zalunci * Wietse Venema, mai tsara shirye-shirye da masanin kimiyyar lissafi * Clemens von Bönninghausen, lauya, masanin shuke-shuke, likitan homeopathic * Epke Zonderland, wanda ya lashe lambar zinare a Wasannin Olympics na 2012 == Shahararrun masu bincike == * Dirk Bezemer (born 1971), economist * Mineke Bosch, historian * Cornelis de Bot, linguist * Marijn van Dijk, developmental psychologist * Caroline van Eck, art historian * Paul van Geert, developmental psychologist * Henk de Haan, economist and politician * Nathalie Katsonis, chemist * Wander Lowie, linguist * Angus Maddison, British economist * Lodi Nauta, professor of the History * Sijbren Otto, chemist of Philosophy * Erik Scherder * Wolfgang Stroebe, social psychologist * Albert Szent-Györgyi, biochemist, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937 * Marjolijn Verspoor, linguist * Ben Feringa, synthetic organic chemist, awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2016 * Pauline Kleingeld, professor of Ethics and its history * [[Amina Helmi]], Argentine astronomer, and a professor of dynamics, structure and formation of the milky way * Cisca Wijmenga, professor of Human Genetics * Theunis Piersma, professor of Global Flyway Ecology * Bert Röling, Professor of Law and progenitor of the field of Polemology in the Netherlands * Linda Steg, professor of environmental psychology, and a pioneer and world leader in the field of environmental psychology<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2020 |title=Stevin Prize for Linda Steg |url=https://www.rug.nl/about-ug/profile/prizes-and-awards/stevin/linda-steg/stevinpremie-voor-linda-steg?lang=en}}</ref> * Sabeth Verpoorte professor of microfluidics and miniaturized "lab-on-a-chip" systems in the Faculty of Science and Engineering * Jacques Zeelen, professor of globalization studies and humanitarian action [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ljl1ugh2usdnzwse0adoztedloi6fwj 0 111930 840399 769625 2026-05-27T06:43:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Greek_Islands_regions_map.png|thumb|446x446px|Yankunan tsibirin Girka]] [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] tana da [[Tsibirin|tsibirai]] da yawa, tare da kimantawa daga wani wuri a kusa da 1,200 zuwa 6,000, <ref name="Hellenic Organization of Tourism (EOT)">{{Cite web |title=Islands |url=https://www.visitgreece.gr/islands/ |access-date=7 February 2022 |website=Visit Greece - Official website of the Greek National Tourism Organisation |publisher=Hellenic Organization of Tourism (EOT; Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τουρισμού)}}</ref> dangane da mafi ƙarancin girman da za a yi la'akari da shi. An ambaci yawan tsibirai da aka zauna daban-daban kamar yadda yake tsakanin 166 da 227. <ref name="Hellenic Organization of Tourism (EOT)" /> Tsibirin Girka mafi girma ta yanki da yawan jama'a shine tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri, wanda ke gefen kudancin Tekun Aegean. Tsibirin na biyu mafi girma a yankin shine Euboea ko Evvia, wanda aka raba shi daga babban yankin ta hanyar Euripus Strait mai faɗin mita 60, kuma ana gudanar da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin Tsakiyar Girka. Bayan tsibirin Girka na uku da na huɗu mafi girma, Lesbos da Rhodes, sauran tsibirai kashi biyu bisa uku ne na yankin Rhodes, ko karami. A al'adance an haɗa tsibiran Girka zuwa gungu masu zuwa: tsibiran Argo-Saronic a cikin Tekun Saronic kusa da Athens;  Cyclades, wani babban tarin amma mai yawa wanda ke mamaye tsakiyar tsakiyar Tekun Aegean;  tsibiran Arewacin Aegean, gungu-gungu a gefen yammacin tekun Turkiyya;  Dodecanese, wani tarin sako-sako a kudu maso gabas tsakanin Crete da Turkiyya;  da Sporades, wani ɗan ƙaramin rukuni a bakin tekun Euboea;  da tsibiran Ionian, galibi suna yammacin babban yankin tekun Ionian.  Crete tare da tsibiran da ke kewaye da Euboea an cire su a al'adance daga wannan rukunin. Wasu tsibiran Girka galibi suna bakin tekun ƙasashen zamani waɗanda Girkawa suka riga sun zauna a bakin teku, kamar su bakin tekun Asiya Ƙarama da Arewacin Epirus. A cikin karni na 20 ne kawai ƙaurawar al'ummar Girka ta haifar da sauyi a yanayin ƙabilanci: a yau, tsibiran da ke da yawan jama'ar Girka suna kusa da yankuna da wasu ƙabilu ke zaune a yanzu, kamar a Turkiyya (Asiya Ƙaramar) da Kudancin Albaniya (Arewacin Epirus). Wannan labarin ya cire Peloponnese, wanda ya kasance tsibiri ne tun lokacin da aka gina Tashar Koranti a 1893, amma ba a dauke shi tsibiri ba saboda asalinsa na wucin gadi. == Tsibirin Girka ta girman == [[Fayil:Island_of_Crete,_Greece.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Hoton NASA na tsibirin [[Crete|Karita]]]] [[Fayil:Rhodes_NLT_Landsat7.png|thumb|250x250px|Hoton NASA na Rhodes]] [[Fayil:Kefallonia_IthakiWW.jpg|thumb|Itaca tana a saman dama na tsibirin Kefalonia mafi girma a cikin wannan hoton. Ƙananan tsibirin da ke saman kusurwar dama shine tsibirin Atokos wanda ba a zaune ba.]] Wadannan sune tsibirai 50 mafi girma na Girka da aka jera ta hanyar yanki. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !Tsibirin !Sunan Girkanci !Yankin (km<sup>2</sup>) <br /> !Yankin (miles<sup>2</sup>) <br /> !Rukunin |- |1 |[[Crete|Karita]] |Rarrabawar|| {{Convert|8,336|km2|0}} |Birnin Krita |- |2 |Evia |Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi|| {{Convert|3,670|km2|0}} |Euboean |- |3 |Lesbos |Sanyawa|| {{Convert|1,633|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |4 |Rhodes |Ya ce:|| {{Convert|1,401|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |5 |Yara |Χίος|| {{Convert|842.3|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |6 |Kefalonia |Κεφαλονιά|| {{Convert|781|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Ionian |- |7 |Corfu |Κέρκυρα|| {{Convert|592.9|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Ionian |- |8 |Lemnos |Λήμνος|| {{Convert|477.6|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |9 |Samos |Σάμος|| {{Convert|477.4|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |10 |Naxos |Νάξος|| {{Convert|429.8|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |11 |Zakynthos |Ζάκυνθος|| {{Convert|406|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Ionian |- |12 |Thassos |Θάσος|| {{Convert|380.1|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |13 |Andros |Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga|| {{Convert|380.0|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |14 |Lefkada |Λευκάδα|| {{Convert|303|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Ionian |- |15 |Karpathos |Κάρπαθος|| {{Convert|300|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |16 |Kos |Kafin|| {{Convert|290.3|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |17 |Kythira |Ya kasance mai suna|| {{Convert|279.6|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Ionian |- |18 |Icaria |Yankin da aka yi amfani da shi|| {{Convert|255|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |19 |Skyros |Σρος|| {{Convert|209|km2|0}} |Sporades |- |20 |Tsayawa |Πάρος|| {{Convert|195|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |21 |Tinos |Tήνος|| {{Convert|194|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |22 |Samothrace |Σαμοράθη|| {{Convert|178|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |23 |Milos |Transylvania|| {{Convert|151|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |24 |Kea |Κέα|| {{Convert|132|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |25 |Amorgos |A nan kuma an yi amfani da ita|| {{Convert|121|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |26 |Kalymnos |Κάλυμνος|| {{Convert|110|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |27 |[[Ios|Ya kasance]] |Bayyanawa|| {{Convert|108|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |28 |Kythnos |Κύθνος|| {{Convert|99.4|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |29 |Astypalaia |Ya kuma sha kuma sha|| {{Convert|96.4|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |30 |Itaca |Yunkurin shiga|| {{Convert|96.2|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Ionian |- |31 |Salamis |Σαλαμίνα|| {{Convert|96.2|km2|0}} |Argo-Saronic |- |32 |Skopelos |Σκόπελος|| {{Convert|96.2|km2|0}} |Sporades |- |33 |Mykonos |Ƙari ga haka|| {{Convert|85.5|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |34 |Syros |Rubuce-rubuce|| {{Convert|83.6|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |35 |Aegina |Aikin|| {{Convert|82.6|km2|0}} |Argo-Saronic |- |36 |Santorini |Rahotanni|| {{Convert|76.2|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |37 |Serifos |Fitowa ne|| {{Convert|75.2|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |38 |Sifnos |Σίφνος|| {{Convert|73.9|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |39 |Kasos |Κάσος|| {{Convert|69.5|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |40 |Alonnisos |Αλόννησος|| {{Convert|64.1|km2|0}} |Sporades |- |41 |Tiluwa |Τήλος|| {{Convert|61.5|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |42 |Symi |Σύμη|| {{Convert|57.8|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |43 |Leros |Sanyawa|| {{Convert|54|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |44 |Hydra |Rashin amfani|| {{Convert|49.6|km2|0}} |Argo-Saronic |- |45 |Skiathos |Σκιάθος|| {{Convert|47.3|km2|0}} |Sporades |- |46 |Agios Efstratios |Άγιος Ευστράτιος|| {{Convert|43.3|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |47 |Sikinos |Σίκινος|| {{Convert|41.6|km2|0}} |Cyclades |- |48 |Nisyros |Νίσυρος|| {{Convert|41.2|km2|0}} |Dodecanese |- |49 |Psara |Ψαρά|| {{Convert|40.4|km2|0}} |Tsibirin Arewacin Aegean |- |50 |Anafi |Ανάφη|| {{Convert|38.6|km2|0}} |Cyclades |} == Tsibirin Girka ta yawan jama'a == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Tsibirin !Yawan jama'a |- |[[Crete|Karita]] |624,408 |- |Euboea |191,206 |- |Rhodes |125,113 |- |Corfu |99,134 |- |Lesbos |83,755 |- |Chios |50,361 |- |Zakynthos |41,180 |- |Salamis |37,220 |- |Kos |37,089 |- |Kefalonia |36,064 |- |Samos |32,642 |- |Lefkada |21,900 |- |Syros |21,507 |- |Naxos |20,578 |- |Lemnos |16,411 |- |Kalymnos |17,752 |- |Santorini |15,480 |- |Tsayawa |14,520 |- |Thasos |13,104 |- |Aegina |12,911 |- |Mykonos |10,704 |- |Tinos |8,934 |- |Andros |8,826 |- |Icaria |8,843 |- |Leros |7,992 |- |Karpathos |6,567 |- |Skiathos |5,802 |- |Milos |5,302 |- |Skopelos |4,960 |- |Aitoliko |4,813 |- |Abubuwan da ake amfani da su |3,748 |- |Kythira |3,644 |- |Patmos |3,283 |- |Poros |3,261 |- |Alonnisos |3,138 |- |Skyros |3,052 |- |Itaca |2,862 |- |Sifnos |2,777 |- |Symi |2,603 |- |Samothrace |2,596 |- |Paxos |2,466 |- |Kea |2,335 |- |[[Ios|Ya kasance]] |2,299 |- |Hydra |2,070 |- |Amorgos |1,961 |- |Kythnos |1,586 |- |Astipalea |1,376 |- |Fournoi Korseon |1,343 |- |Antiparos |1,265 |- |Serifos |1,241 |- |Kasos |1,223 |- |Agistri |1,131 |- |Nisiros |1,046 |- |Meganisi |926 |- |Oinousses |911 |- |Elafonisos |898 |- |Kimolos |810 |- |Lipsi |778 |- |Tiluwa |746 |- |Folegandros |719 |- |Kastellorizo |584 |- |Ammouliani |521 |- |Chalki |475 |- |Ereikoussa |447 |- |Psara |420 |- |Koufonisia |391 |- |Othonoi |386 |- |Kalamos |342 |- |Anafi |293 |- |Agios Efstratios |257 |- |Sikinos |253 |- |Therasia |249 |- |Schoinoussa |227 |- |Donousa |213 |- |Mathraki |174 |} == Tsibirin Tekun Aegean == === Tsibirin Argo-Saronic === [[Fayil:Aerial_of_Hydra_island,_Greece_(43958918185).jpg|thumb|250x250px|Birnin tashar jiragen ruwa na Hydra a Tsibirin Hydra]] Wannan jerin sun hada da tsibirin Argo-Saronic <ref>{{Cite web |title=Islands of the Argo Saronic Gulf |url=https://www.greek-island-holidays.co.uk/saronic-islands/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |archive-date=2025-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810064014/https://www.greek-island-holidays.co.uk/saronic-islands/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> , waɗanda ke cikin Tekun Saronic. Babban tsibirin Argo-Saronic shine Salamis . Manyan tsibirai suna cikin bold. An nuna tsibirai marasa zama, gami da waɗanda watakila an zauna a baya:   === Tsibirin tsibirin tsibirin Krita === Jerin biyu da ke ƙasa suna nuna tsibirai, tsibirai da duwatsu da ke kewaye da tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri na tsibirin tsibirai waɗanda ke cikin Tekun Aegean ko [[Tekun Libya]]. ==== Tsibirin tsibirin tsibirin Aegean ==== [[Fayil:Souda_Island.jpg|thumb|Tsibirin Leon, a hagu, kusa da tsibirin Souda, a cikin Souda bay]]   ==== Tsibirin tsibirin tsibirin Libya ====   [[Fayil:Laseamodern.JPG|thumb|Tsibirin Trafos a cikin [[Tekun Libya]]]]   [[Fayil:CycladesEng.jpg|thumb|286x286px|Tsibirin Cyclades]] [[Fayil:The_four_windmills_in_Mykonos.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Ginin iska na Mykonos]] Tsibirin Cyclades sun ƙunshi kusan tsibirai 220 da ƙananan tsibirai. An nuna manyan tsibirai a bold a ƙasa.<ref name="Tageo Worldwide Index for Greece Islands">{{Cite web |title=Tageo Worldwide Index for Greece Islands |url=http://www.tageo.com/index-e-gr-v-49.htm |access-date=24 March 2020 |publisher=Tageo, www.tageo.com}}{{In lang|en}}</ref><ref name="Cy">{{Cite web |title=Islands of the Cyclades |url=https://www.geonames.org/advanced-search.html?q=Cyclades&country=GR&featureClass=&continentCode= |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=GeoNames}}</ref>   === Tsibirin Dodecanese ===   [[Fayil:Dodekanes.png|thumb|350x350px|Tsibirin Dodecanese]] [[Fayil:Astipalea.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Tashar jiragen ruwa a tsibirin Astypalaia]] Akwai tsibirin Dodecanese 164 wanda 26 daga cikinsu suna zaune. Akwai manyan tsibirai 12, waɗanda aka jera a cikin bold a ƙasa:    === Tsibirin Sporades ===   [[Fayil:Nördliche_Sporaden_topo.png|thumb|250x250px|Yankin ArewaSporades]] == Tsibirin Tekun Ionian == [[Fayil:Ionian_Islands.svg|thumb|257x257px|Manyan tsibirai na IonianTsibirin Ionian]] [[Fayil:Echinades_de.png|thumb|385x385px|Tsibirin Echinades]] == Tsibirin da ke kusa da ƙasar == == Tsibirin da ba a cikin teku ba ==   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 34zgunarpokv9pctjzdfw9gybzx49kp 0 112033 840385 814046 2026-05-27T04:07:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Morrison Formation''' wani tsari ne na musamman na Dutsen Jurassic sedimentary dutse wanda aka samo a yammacin Amurka, wanda ya kasance tushen burbushin dinosaur a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] . Ya ƙunshi dutsen laka, dutsen yashi, dutsen siltstone, da farar ƙasa, kuma yana da haske mai launin toka, koren launin toka, ko ja. Yawancin burbushin halittu suna faruwa a cikin gadaje na siltstone koren da ƙananan duwatsun yashi, abubuwan koguna da filayen ambaliya na zamanin Jurassic . == Kwatancen fauna == Fauna na Morrison Formation yayi kama da waɗanda aka samo a cikin duwatsu masu tasowa na [[Samuwar Tendaguru|Tendaguru]] da Lourinhã daga [[Tanzaniya]] da [[Portugal]] bi da bi, yawanci tare da na biyu. An raba wasu nau'o'in tsakanin Morrison da Lourinhã, irin su ''Torvosaurus'', ''Ceratosaurus'', ''Stegosaurus'', ''Dryosaurus'', da ''Allosaurus'' . A taƙaice, Morrison Formation yana da ingantaccen nau'in dinosaur 37. == Ornithischians == Dinosaurs ornithischian herbivorous sun bambanta amma ba kamar na kowa ba kamar sauropods a cikin Morrison. ''Fruitadens'', wanda aka fi sani da "Fruita ''Echinodon'' ", heterodontosaurid ne. Stegosaurs sun haɗa da ''Hesperosaurus mjosi'', ''Stegosaurus'' ( ''S. ungulatus'' da ''S. stenops'' ), da ''Alcovasaurus longispinus'' . Ankylosaurs ba a san su ba a cikin samuwar har zuwa 1990s. An yi suna biyu: ''Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum'' da ''Mymoorapelta maysi'' . Ƙananan neornithischians sun haɗa da ''Nanosaurus agilis'', ''Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae'', ''Laosaurus'' ( ''L. celer'' da ''L. gracilis'' ), ''Drinker nisti'', ''Othnielia rex'', da ''Othnielosaurus consors'' (na karshe uku daga cikinsu an dauke su daidai da ''Nanosaurus'' ). Ornithopods sun wakilci ''Dryosaurus'' ( ''D. altus'' da ''D. elderae'' ), ''Uteodon aphanoecetes'', wanda a halin yanzu aka sani kawai daga Dinosaur National Monument, kuma mafi girma, mafi yawan ''Camptosaurus dispar'' . Dukkanin jinsin ornithopod da aka ambata sune farkon iguanodonts, ƙungiyar da ta haifar da dinosaur duck-billed . === Neornithischians === {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Genus !Species !Locality ! width="25%" |Material ! width="30%" |Notes !Images |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Anomoepus'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Colorado | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Anomoepus'' from the Morrison lack the handprint impressions found associated with earlier instances of the ichnogenus in New England<ref name="foster-ornithopod-tracks" /> | rowspan="35" | [[Fayil:Camptosaurus.jpg|center|thumb|''Camptosaurus dispar'']][[Fayil:Dryosaurus_NT.jpg|center|thumb|''Dryosaurus altus'']][[Fayil:Enigmacursor_mollyborthwickae.png|center|thumb|''Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae'']][[Fayil:Othnielosaurus.jpg|center|thumb|''Nanosaurus agilis'']][[Fayil:Uteodon_reconstruction_raingerr.png|center|thumb|''Uteodon aphanoecetes'']] |- | rowspan="6" | ''Camptosaurus'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | ''C. amplus'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Wyoming <ref name="foster-camptosaurus-220" /> | style="background:#fbdddb;" | | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Now known to be based on a theropod foot<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2011 |title=Camptosaurus |url=http://www.dinosaures-web.com/sites/default/files/publications/McDonald2011_Uteodon_Osmakasaurus.pdf}}</ref> |- | style="background:#fbdddb;" | ''C. aphanoecetes'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Utah, Brushy Basin member<ref name="carpenter-wilson-232" /> | style="background:#fbdddb;" | | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Reclassified as ''Uteodon'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''C. browni''<ref name="Gilmore09">{{Cite journal |last=Gilmore, C.W. |year=1909 |title=Osteology of the Jurassic reptile ''Camptosaurus'', with a revision of the species of the genus, and descriptions of two new species |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/52542 |journal=Proceedings of the United States National Museum |volume=36 |issue=1666 |pages=197–332 |doi=10.5479/si.00963801.36-1666.197}}</ref> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Junior synonym of ''C. dispar''<ref name="GaltonPowell">{{Cite journal |last=Galton, P.M. |last2=Powell, H.P. |name-list-style=amp |year=1980 |title=The ornithischian dinosaur Camptosaurus prestwichii from the Upper Jurassic of England |journal=Palaeontology |volume=23 |pages=411–443}}</ref> |- | ''C. dispar'' | Colorado, Oklahoma, Utah and Wyoming<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | Twenty-five to thirty disarticulated skull elements, some with associated postcrania, and approximately ten partial, articulated skeletons, all from juveniles and adults | A member of Ankylopollexia. Junior synonyms include ''Camptosaurus browni'', ''C. medius'', and ''C. nanus'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''C. medius''<ref name="Gilmore09" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Junior synonym of ''C. dispar''<ref name="GaltonPowell" /> |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''C. nanus''<ref name="Gilmore09" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Junior synonym of ''C. dispar''<ref name="GaltonPowell" /> |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Dinehichnus''<ref name="foster-ornithopod-tracks" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Utah, Saltwash member<ref name="foster-ornithopod-tracks" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Multiple trackways have been discovered. The tracks run parallel to one another, indicating that the trackmaker was at least a somewhat social animal<ref name="foster-ornithopod-tracks" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Dinehichnus'' are attributed to dryosaurids. The tracks preserve feet characterized by widely splayed toes that are rotated somewhat towards the midline of the trackmaker's body. Each track is accompanied by "distinct heel impressions"<ref name="foster-ornithopod-tracks" /> |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Drinker''<ref name="vert-table" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''D. nisti''<ref name="foster-drinker-219" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Wyoming<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | "Partial skull and postcranial skeleton." | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Junior synonym of ''Nanosaurus'' |- | rowspan="2" | ''Dryosaurus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | ''D. altus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Colorado and Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /><ref name="foster-dryosaurus-218" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | The remains of many individuals have been uncovered, with some sites containing hundreds of bones from ''Dryosaurus'' of multiple age groups | A dryosaurid iguanodont. It was physically similar to ''Nanosaurus'', although larger and with more derived teeth<ref name="foster-dryosaurus-218-19" /> |- | ''D. elderae''<ref name="Kenneth Carpenter 2018" /> | Utah, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /><ref name="galton-1981-272" /> | Two partial skeletons, one from a juvenile, and two additional fragmentary specimens | The second described species of ''Dryosaurus'' |- | ''Enigmacursor'' | ''E. mollyborthwickae'' | Colorado | A partial but three-dimensionally preserved skeleton<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maidment |first=Susannah C. R. |last2=Barrett |first2=Paul M. |date=2025-06-25 |title=Enigmacursor mollyborthwickae, a neornithischian dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western USA |url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.242195 |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=242195 |doi=10.1098/rsos.242195 |pmc=12188093}}</ref> | A small neornithischian |- | rowspan="4" style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Laosaurus'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | ''L. altus'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | | style="background:#fbdddb;" | | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Now known as ''Dryosaurus altus'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''L. celer'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Wyoming<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Considered dubious due to fragmentary remains |- | style="background:#fbdddb;" | ''L. consors'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | | style="background:#fbdddb;" | | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Now known as ''Othnielosaurus consors'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''L. gracilis'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Considered dubious due to fragmentary remains |- | ''Nanosaurus'' | ''N. agilis'' | Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Carpenter |first=Kenneth |last2=Galton |first2=Peter |date=2018-08-17 |title=A photo documentation of bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA |url=https://giw.utahgeology.org/giw/index.php/GIW/article/view/30 |journal=Geology of the Intermountain West |language=en |volume=5 |pages=167–207 |doi=10.31711/giw.v5.pp167-207 |issn=2380-7601 |s2cid=73691452 |doi-access=free |access-date=2025-08-09 |archive-date=2020-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102201414/https://giw.utahgeology.org/giw/index.php/GIW/article/view/30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | A small basal neornithischian known from dozens of individuals.<ref name="Kenneth Carpenter 2018" /> The holotype, YPM VP 1913, is a fragmentary skeleton from a juvenile<ref name="Kenneth Carpenter 2018" /> |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Othnielia'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''O. rex'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /><ref name=":12" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | An isolated femur<ref name=":6" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Considered dubious and many remains historically assigned to this taxon are now placed within ''Nanosaurus'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Othnielosaurus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''O. consors'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Utah and Wyoming<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Junior synonym of ''Nanosaurus''<ref name="Kenneth Carpenter 2018" /> |- | style="background:#E3F5FF;" | ''Preprismatoolithus'' | style="background:#E3F5FF;" | ''P. coloradensis''<ref name="foster-eggs-239" /> | style="background:#E3F5FF;" | Colorado, Salt Wash member<ref name="foster-eggs-239" /> | style="background:#E3F5FF;" | Eggshells are present in great abundance at the so-called "Young Egg Locality" which seems to have been a dinosaur nesting ground.<ref name="foster-eggs-239" /> Congeneric eggshell fossils are found at additional Colorado sites including the Fruita Paleontological Area, the Uravan Locality, and Garden Park.<ref name="foster-eggs-239" /> | style="background:#E3F5FF;" | ''P. coloradensis'' is described by John Foster as being "of the prismatic basic type",<ref name="foster-eggs-239" /> with subspherical eggs about {{Convert|10|cm|in}} in diameter. This oospecies has been attributed to "hypsilophodontid" dinosaurs, although a lack of associated embryo material currently makes confirming the layer's identity impossible<ref name="foster-eggs-239" /> |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Tichosteus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''T. aequifacies'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Two partial dorsal centra of a juvenile | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''T. lucasanus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Two partial dorsal centra |- | ''Uteodon'' | ''U. aphanoecetes''<ref name="carpenter-wilson-232" /> | Utah, Brushy Basin member<ref name="carpenter-wilson-232" /> | An articulated postcranial skeleton | Sometimes synonymized with ''Camptosaurus''<ref name="Kenneth Carpenter 2018" /> |- |} === Thyreophorans === ==== Ankylosaurs ==== {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Halitta ! Nau'o'i ! Locality ! width="25%" | Kayan abu ! width="25%" | Bayanan kula ! Hotuna |- | ''Gargoyleosaurus'' | ''G. parkpinorum'' | Wyoming | Kwankwan kai da wani bangare na postcranium | Ankylosaur nodosaurid wanda aka sani daga cikakkiyar cikakkiyar ragowar burbushin halittu. Kwankinsa ya kai {{Convert|29|cm|in}} tsayinsa, kuma jimlar tsawon jikinsa an kiyasta {{Convert|3|to|4|m|ft}} . Wataƙila ya yi nauyi kamar {{Convert|1|t|lb}} <ref name="foster-gargoyleosaurus-216" /> | rowspan="2" |[[Fayil:Gargoyle.png|center|thumb|''Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum'']][[Fayil:Mymoorapelta_maysi.png|center|thumb|300x300px| ''Mymoorapelta maysi'']] |- | ''Mymoorapelta'' <ref name="vert-table" /> | ''M. maysi'' | Colorado da Utah, Brushy Basin memba <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Gutsutsun kwanyar, sassan kwarangwal guda uku, da sauran postcrania | Dukansu ankylosaur na farko da aka gano a cikin samuwar da kuma farkon sanannen Jurassic ankylosaur na Arewacin Amurka. <ref name="foster-mymoorapelta" /> Wataƙila ya yi nauyi {{Convert|500|kg|lb}} a rayuwa |- |} ==== Stegosaurs ==== {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Genus !Species !Locality ! width="25%" |Material ! width="25%" |Notes !Images |- | ''Alcovasaurus'' | ''A. longispinus'' | Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name=":13" /> | A fragmentary postcranial skeleton from an adult | A dacentrurine stegosaurid physically similar to ''Stegosaurus stenops'' but with much larger tail spines. It is also similar to ''Kentrosaurus'' in having long dermal spikes on the caudal region. The thighbone length was determined at 1082 millimeters. The longest spike was 86 centimeters long. Its point was broken and it is estimated the original length of the bone core was at 985 millimeters. In 2019, the genus ''Alcovasaurus'' was considered a junior synonym of ''Miragaia''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Costa |first=Francisco |last2=Mateus |first2=Octávio |date=13 November 2019 |title=Dacentrurine stegosaurs (Dinosauria): A new specimen of ''Miragaia longicollum'' from the Late Jurassic of Portugal resolves taxonomical validity and shows the occurrence of the clade in North America |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=e0224263 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1424263C |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0224263 |pmc=6853308 |pmid=31721771 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | rowspan="34" | [[Fayil:Alcovasaurus_longispinus.png|center|thumb|''Alcovasaurus longispinus'']] [[Fayil:Hesperosaurus_NT.jpg|center|thumb|''Hesperosaurus mjosi'']] [[Fayil:Stegosaurus_stenops_Life_Reconstruction.png|center|thumb|''Stegosaurus stenops'']] [[Fayil:Stegosaurus_ungulatus.png|center|thumb|''Stegosaurus ungulatus'']] |- | ''Hesperosaurus'' | ''H. mjosi''<ref name="vert-table" /> | Wyoming and Montana<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /><ref name="MaidmentEtAl.2018">{{Cite journal |last=Maidment |first=Susannah C.R. |last2=Woodruff |first2=D. Cary |last3=Horner |first3=John R. |date=2018 |title=A new specimen of the ornithischian dinosaur ''Hesperosaurus mjosi'' from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, U.S.A., and implications for growth and size in Morrison stegosaurs |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=38 |issue=1 |at=e1406366 |bibcode=2018JVPal..38E6366M |doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1406366 |s2cid=90752660 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> | Multiple partial skeletons and skulls<ref name="MaidmentEtAl.2018" /> | A stegosaurine stegosaurid that was slightly smaller and more primitive than ''Stegosaurus'' itself. ''Hesperosaurus'' had a broader skull and longer, lower plates. Considered by some researchers to be a species of ''Stegosaurus'' |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Stegopodus'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Utah<ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Stegopodus'' represent only a portion of the Morrison's stegosaur tracks, which are already rare and generally only preserve the animal's hind feet<ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Stegosaur tracks which record front feet with five digits and hind feet with three weight-bearing digits.<ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks" /> The general morphology of the tracks fit scientific predictions made eight years in advance of the erection of ''Stegopodus''<ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks" /> |- | rowspan="8" | ''Stegosaurus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''S. armatus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin<ref name=":5" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Several caudal vertebrae and assorted fragmentary postcranial elements.<ref name=":5" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''S. armatus'' is both the first ''Stegosaurus'' species to be discovered and the original type species. Its type specimen is poorly preserved, incomplete, and lacks diagnostic features.<ref name=":5" /> It has been considered dubious, with ''S. stenops'' as the neotype species for the genus<ref name=":5" /> |- | ''S. stenops''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Colorado, Utah and Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | Two complete skeletons with skulls, four braincases, and at least fifty partial postcrania, all from juveniles and adults<ref name="table-16-1-345" /> | The best known ''Stegosaurus'' species. It has shorter limbs and larger plates than ''S. ungulatus'' |- | ''S. sulcatus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Wyoming<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paleobiology &#124; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History |url=http://paleobiology.si.edu/dinosaurs/collection/nmnh_collections/specimen_s3.html}}</ref> | Several postcranial elements, including a possible shoulder spike.<ref name=":5" /> | Often considered synonymous with ''S. stenops'', but it may be distinct. Potentially had a shoulder spike, otherwise unknown in ''Stegosaurus'', despite being present in most relatives |- | ''S. ungulatus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Wyoming and Utah<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Several partial skeletons, including a partial braincase<ref name=":5" /> | ''S. ungulatus'' had longer limbs and comparatively smaller plates than the better known ''S. stenops''. Although formerly portrayed with eight tail spikes, it is now known to have had the typical four. Possibly synonymous with ''S. stenops''<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Maidment |first=Susannah C.R. |last2=Norman, David B. |last3=Barrett, Paul M. |last4=Upchurch, Paul |year=2008 |title=Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=367–407 |doi=10.1017/S1477201908002459 |s2cid=85673680}}</ref> |- | Indeterminate | New Mexico & Oklahoma<ref name="jurassic-distribution-newmexico" /> | | |- |} === Sauran ornithischians === {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Halitta ! Nau'o'i ! Locality ! Kayan abu ! Bayanan kula ! Hotuna |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Anomoepus'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | rowspan="2" |[[Fayil:Fruitadens.jpg|center|thumb|''Fruitads haagarorum'']] |- | ''Fruitadens'' | ''F. haagarorum'' <ref name="butler-fruitadens" /> | Colorado, Brushy Basin memba | Kwanyar kwanyar wani yanki da mandible tare da abubuwa da yawa na postcranial | A heterodontosaurid |} == Sauropods == Sauropods, katuwar dogayen wutsiya dogayen wutsiya masu kafafu hudu masu cin ganyayyaki na dinosaurs, suna cikin mafi yawan al'ada kuma shahararrun burbushin Morrison. Wasu suna da dangantaka mara tabbas, kamar "Apatosaurus" <nowiki><i id="mwBMY">minimus</i></nowiki> (watakila basal titanosauriform) da ''Haplocanthosaurus'' . Sauropods ciki har da ''Haplocanthosaurus priscus'', ''H. delfsi'', da diplodocid ''Brontosaurus yahnahpin'' sun bayyana a farkon matakan Morrison. Matakan tsakiya sun mamaye nau'ikan da aka saba da su irin su giraffe -kamar ''Brachiosaurus altithorax'', waɗanda ba a saba gani ba, amma camarasaurids masu dangantaka, kamar ''Camarasaurus supremus'', ''C. grandis'', ''C. Lentus'', da ''Cathetosaurus / Camarasaurus lewisi'', sun kasance na kowa. Har ila yau, na kowa sun kasance dogayen, ƙananan diplodocids, kamar ''Apatosaurus ajax'', ''A. louisae'', ''Brontosaurus excelsus'', ''B. parvus'', ''Barosaurus lentus'', ''Diplodocus longus'', ''D. carnegii'', ''Galeamopus'' da ''Dyslocosaurus polyonychius'' . A cikin marigayi Morrison, gigantic diplodocids (ko nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i) sun bayyana, ciki har da ''Diplodocus hallorum'' (tsohon ''Seismosaurus'' ), ''Supersaurus vivianae'', ''Amphicoelias altus'', da ''Maraapunisaurus fragilimus'' . Ƙananan sauropods, irin su ''Suuwassea emiliae'' daga [[Montana]], ana samun su a arewacin arewacin Morrison, kusa da bakin tekun Sundance na d ¯ a, yana ba da shawarar abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da ke nuna girman girman jiki a can idan aka kwatanta da ƙattai da aka samu a kudu. === Haplocanthosaurids === {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Halitta ! Nau'o'i ! Locality ! width="20%" | Kayan abu ! width="30%" | Bayanan kula ! Hotuna |- | rowspan="2" | ''Haplocanthosaurus'' | ''H. delfsi'' | Colorado, Brushy Basin memba <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Bangaren kwarangwal maras kwanyar kai. | rowspan="2" | Ƙananan haplocanthosaurs na rarrabuwa mara iyaka, masu tsayin kusan {{Convert|14|m|ft}} . | rowspan="2" |[[Fayil:Haplocanthosaurus.jpg|center|thumb| ''Haplocanthosaurus delfsi'']] |- | ''H. priscus'' <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Colorado da Wyoming, Brushy Basin memba <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Bangaran kwarangwal guda biyu marasa skul. <ref name="table-13-1-266" /> |- |} === Rebbachisaurids === {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Halitta ! Nau'o'i ! Locality ! width="20%" | Kayan abu ! width="30%" | Bayanan kula ! Hotuna |- | ''Maraapunisaurus'' | ''M. fragillimus'' | Colorado, Brushy Basin memba <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Guda ɗaya, yanzu batacce, baka na dorsal. <ref name=":14" /> | Babban rebbachisaurid. Dangane da bacewar jijiya guda ɗaya mai tsayin {{Convert|1.5|m|ft}} . <ref name=":14" /> |[[Fayil:Maraapunisaurus_vertebra_and_Edward_D._Cope._Carpenter_2018.jpg|thumb| Rasa nau'in vertebra na ''Maraapunisaurus fragillimus'' kusa da Edward D. Cope .]] |- |} === Dicraeosaurids === {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Halitta ! Nau'o'i ! Locality ! width="20%" | Kayan abu ! width="30%" | Bayanan kula ! Hotuna |- | ''Dyslocosaurus'' | ''D. polyonychius'' | Wyoming <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Tschopp |first=Emanuel |last2=Mateus |first2=Octávio |last3=Benson |first3=Roger B.J. |date=2015-04-07 |title=A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=3 |pages=e857 |doi=10.7717/peerj.857 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=4393826 |pmid=25870766 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | Ƙashin gaba da ɓangarori na gaba. | Matsayin phylogenetic ba shi da tabbas. <ref name=":1" /> | |- | ''Smithanosaurus'' <ref name="Smitanosaurus">{{Cite journal |last=Whitlock |first=J. A. |last2=Wilson Mantilla |first2=J. A. |year=2020 |title=The Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur ''{{'}}Morosaurus{{'}} agilis'' Marsh, 1889 reexamined and reinterpreted as a dicraeosaurid |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=e1780600 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2020.1780600 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | ''S. agilis'' <ref name="Smitanosaurus" /> | Colorado, Brushy Basin memba <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | "Babban kwanyar da mahaifa." | A dicraeosaurid sauropod. Asalin da aka kwatanta da ''"Morosaurus"'' agilis. <ref name="Smitanosaurus" /> |- | ''Suwassea'' | ''S. Emiliae'' | Montana, memba na Brushy Basin | Kwancen kwanyar wani bangare da wasu postcrania. | Dicraeosaurid yana da tsayin mita 15. | |- |} === Diplodocids === {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Genus !Species !Locality ! width="20%" |Material ! width="30%" |Notes !Images |- | ''Amphicoelias'' | ''A. altus'' | Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | 2 dorsal vertebrae, femur, and a pubis. | A large diplodocid about {{Convert|25|m|ft}} in length.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mannion |first=Philip D. |last2=Tschopp |first2=Emanuel |last3=Whitlock |first3=John A. |year=2021 |title=Anatomy and systematics of the diplodocoid Amphicoelias altus supports high sauropod dinosaur diversity in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the USA |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=8 |issue=6 |page=210377 |bibcode=2021RSOS....810377M |doi=10.1098/rsos.210377 |pmc=8206699 |pmid=34150318}}</ref> | rowspan="21" | [[Fayil:Amphicoelias17DB2.jpg|center|thumb|''Amphicoelias altus'']] [[Fayil:Apatosaurus_louisae_by_durbed.jpg|center|thumb|''Apatosaurus louisae'']] [[Fayil:Ardetosaurus_viator_(life_restoration).png|center|thumb|''Ardetosaurus viator'']] [[Fayil:Barosaurus_lentus1.jpg|center|thumb|''Barosaurus lentus'']] [[Fayil:Brontosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png|center|thumb|''Brontosaurus excelsus'']] [[Fayil:Diplodocus_carnegii.jpg|center|thumb|''Diplodocus carnegii'']] [[Fayil:SeismosaurusDB.jpg|center|thumb|''Diplodocus hallorum'']] [[Fayil:Galeamopus.jpg|center|thumb|''Galeamopus hayi'']] [[Fayil:Kaatedocus_siberi.jpg|center|thumb|''Kaatedocus siberi'']] [[Fayil:Supersaurus_dinosaur.png|center|thumb|''Supersaurus vivianae'']] |- | rowspan="3" | ''Apatosaurus'' | ''A. ajax''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> |— Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | A partial postcranial skeleton and posterior skull.<ref name=":1" /> | rowspan="3" | A robust and abundantly widespread apatosaurine diplodocid reaching lengths of up to {{Convert|25|m|ft}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Foster |first=John R. |last2=Peterson |first2=Joseph E. |date=September 2016 |title=First report of Apatosaurus (Diplodocidae: Apatosaurinae) from the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry in the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah: Abundance, distribution, paleoecology, and taphonomy of an endemic North American sauropod clade |journal=Palaeoworld |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=431–443 |doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2015.11.006 |issn=1871-174X}}</ref> "A." ''minimus'' likely belongs to a separate genus. |- | ''A. louisae'' | Colorado and Utah, Brushy Basin member <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Four partial specimens, one of them including a skull.<ref name=":1" /> Three of the specimens are from DNM, one is a mid cervical from Como Bluff.<ref name=":1" /> |- | "A." ''minimus'' | Wyoming | "Sacrum and pelvis." |- | ''Ardetosaurus'' | ''A. viator'' | Howe-Stephens Quarry, Wyoming. | Holotype specimen MAB011899, a partial skeleton containing the sacrum, ribs, a coracoid and parts of the vertebral column and hindlegs. | A diplodocine sauropod from the younger layers of the Morrison Formation, originally considered a specimen of ''Diplodocus''.<ref name="Ardetosaurus">{{Cite journal |last=van der Linden |first=Tom |last2=Tschopp |first2=Emanuel |last3=Sookias |first3=Roland |last4=Wallaard |first4=Jonathan |last5=Holwerda |first5=Femke |last6=Schulp |first6=Anne |date=October 2024 |title=A new diplodocine sauropod from the Morrison Formation, Wyoming, USA |journal=[[Palaeontologia Electronica]] |volume=27 |issue=3 |doi=10.26879/1380 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Atlantosaurus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''A. montanus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin member | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A partial sacrum that cannot be distinguished from ''Camarasaurus'' or ''Apatosaurus.'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | A dubious neosauropod.<ref name=":7" /> |- | rowspan="2" | ''Barosaurus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | ''B. lentus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | South Dakota and Utah<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | 2 partial postcranial skeletons, with possibly more specimens assignable.<ref name=":1" /> | A diplodocid about {{Convert|24|m|ft}} in length, similar in appearance to ''Diplodocus''. It was the rarest sauropod in the Morrison Formation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barosaurus lentus |url=https://www.nps.gov/dino/learn/nature/barosaurus-lentus.htm |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=National Park Service |publisher=U. S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> |- |''B.'' sp. |Wyoming, Utah and Oklahoma | | |- | rowspan="3" | ''Brontosaurus'' | ''B. excelsus'' | Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name=":1" /> | Two postcranial skeletons.<ref name=":1" /> | Previously considered a species of ''Apatosaurus'' as per Riggs (1903). |- | ''B. parvus'' | Utah and Wyoming, Salt Wash and Brushy Basin members | Three headless skeletons.<ref name=":1" /> | Originally called ''Elosaurus''. |- | ''B. yahnahpin''<ref name=":1"/> | Wyoming, Brushy Basin member |A partial postcranial skeleton.<ref name=":1" /> | An apatosaurine diplodocid slightly more primitive than ''Apatosaurus''. Formerly placed in separate genus ''Eobrontosaurus''. |- | rowspan="4" | ''Diplodocus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | ''D. carnegii''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Wyoming, Brushy Basin Member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | Known from two skulls, five partial skeletons that lack skulls and manus, and hundreds of isolated postcranial remains. | A large diplodocid reaching lengths of up to {{Convert|28|m|ft}}. It was one of the most abundant sauropods in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplodocus longus |url=https://www.nps.gov/dino/learn/nature/diplodocus-longus.htm |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=National Park Service |publisher=U. S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> |- | ''D. hallorum'' | New Mexico, Wyoming and Utah, Brushy Basin and Salt Wash members | At least 4 partial postcranial skeletons<ref name=":1" /> | Once classified as ''Seismosaurus''.<ref name="LHW07">{{Cite journal |last=Lovelace |first=David M. |last2=Hartman |first2=Scott A. |last3=Wahl |first3=William R. |year=2007 |title=Morphology of a specimen of ''Supersaurus'' (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Morrison Formation of Wyoming, and a re-evaluation of diplodocid phylogeny |journal=Arquivos do Museu Nacional |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=527–544}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gillette |first=D.D. |year=1991 |title=''Seismosaurus halli'', gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous) of New Mexico, USA |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=417–433 |doi=10.1080/02724634.1991.10011413}}</ref> |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''D. lacustris''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Known from teeth and skull remains, the latter now referred to ''Camarasaurus''.<ref name=":1" /> Teeth cannot be referred beyond Flagellicaudata.<ref name=":1" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''D. longus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Several caudal vertebrae. | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | rowspan="2" | ''Galeamopus'' | ''G. hayi'' | Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /><ref name=":1" /> | Known from a partial skeleton and braincase.<ref name="table-13-1-264" /> |- | ''G. pabsti'' | Colorado and Wyoming, Brushy Basin member | A skull and partial postcranial skeleton, another individual known from partial skull.<ref name=":1" /> |- | ''Kaatedocus''<ref name="Kaatedocus">Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O. V. (2013). "The skull and neck of a new flagellicaudatan sauropod from the Morrison Formation and its implication for the evolution and ontogeny of diplodocid dinosaurs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: 1. {{Doi|10.1080/14772019.2012.746589}} edit</ref> | ''K. siberi'' | Wyoming, Salt Wash member<ref name="Kaatedocus" /> | Skull and cervical vertebrae.<ref name="Kaatedocus" /> | |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Parabrontopodus'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Saurophaganax''<ref name="vert-table" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''S. maximus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-oklahoma" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Oklahoma, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-oklahoma" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Several partial postcranial skeletons.<ref name="Danison2024">{{Cite journal |last=Danison |first=Andrew |last2=Wedel |first2=Mathew |last3=Barta |first3=Daniel |last4=Woodward |first4=Holly |last5=Flora |first5=Holley |last6=Lee |first6=Andrew |last7=Snively |first7=Eric |date=2024-12-21 |title=Chimerism in specimens referred to ''Saurophaganax maximus'' reveals a new species of ''Allosaurus'' (Dinosauria, Theropoda) |url=https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/vamp/index.php/VAMP/article/view/29404 |journal=Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Palaeontology |language=en |volume=12 |doi=10.18435/vamp29404 |issn=2292-1389 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Historically considered to be an allosaurid close to or a species of ''Allosaurus'', but re-evaluated as a dubious, chimeric genus of saurischian, likely a diplodocid sauropod.<ref name="Danison2024" /> |- | ''Supersaurus''<ref name="vert-table" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | ''S. vivianae''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Colorado and Wyoming, Brushy Basin member | Known from several partial postcranial skeletons.<ref name="table-13-1-265" /> | A large diplodocid about {{Convert|33|–|34|m|ft}} in length |- |} === Macronarians === {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Genus !Species !Locality ! width="20%" |Material ! width="30%" |Notes !Images |- | ''Brachiosaurus'' | ''B. altithorax''<ref name="vert-table" /> | Colorado, Brushy Basin and Salt Wash members | Several partial skeletons and a partial skull. | A large brachiosaurid about {{Cvt|18|-|22|m|ft}} long. | rowspan="34" | [[Fayil:Brachiosaurus_NT_new.jpg|center|thumb|''Brachiosaurus altithorax'']] [[Fayil:Camarasaurs1.jpg|center|thumb|''Camarasaurus supremus'']] |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Brontopodus'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- | rowspan="6" | ''Camarasaurus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''C. annae'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Utah, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A dorsal vertebra. | rowspan="6" | Camarasaurs reached an adult size of about {{Convert|18|m|ft}} in length. ''C. annae'' junior synonym of ''C. lentus''. ''C. lewisi'' was originally described as ''Cathetosarus lewisi'' and was later sunk into ''Camarasaurus,'' until being considered valid once again in 2013. |- | ''C. grandis''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Colorado, Montana and Wyoming<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | "At least 6 partial skeletons including 2 skulls, hundreds of postcranial elements." |- | ''C. lentus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Utah and Wyoming<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | "5 skeletons with skulls, hundreds of postcranial elements"<ref name="table-13-1-266" /> |- | style="background:#fbdddb;" | ''C. lewisi''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#fbdddb;" | A nearly complete postcranial skeleton.<ref name="table-13-1-266" /> |- | ''C. supremus''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Colorado and Oklahoma(?), Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | At least 4 partial skeletons including partial skulls. Many possible postcranial remains from Oklahoma.<ref name=":2" /> |- | Indeterminate. | Oklahoma, South Dakota and Texas | |- |''Dystrophaeus'' |''D. viaemalae'' | Utah, Tidwell member<ref name=":0" /> |Multiple vertebrae, teeth and incomplete forelimb material.<ref name=":0" /> |Previously recovered as a diplodocid, now recovered as a macronarian<ref name=":0" /> Type material fragmentary, but recent rediscovery of type locality has discovered more material. |- |} Theropod dinosaurs, dinosaur masu cin nama, sun zo cikin nau'o'i daban-daban. Ƙananan nau'ikan da aka samo, da ceratosaurs da megalosaurids, sun haɗa da ''Ceratosaurus nasicornis'', ''C. dentisulcatus'', ''C. magnicornis'', da megalosaur ''Torvosaurus tanneri'' (ciki har da ''Edmarka rex'' ). Allosaurids sun haɗa da na kowa ''Allosaurus fragilis'' (ciki har da ''Epanterias amplxus'' ), ''A. jimmadseni'' da ''A. anax'' (wanda ake magana da shi ''Saurophaganax maximus'' ). An dawo da ragowar abubuwan da ba a tantance ba a Utah, tare da ragowar ceratosaur mara iyaka da aka yi la'akari da shi zuwa ga ''Elaphrosaurus'' da aka gano a Colorado. An dawo da waƙoƙin da ba a tantance ba daga Utah da Arizona. === Allosauroidea === {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Genus !Species !Locality ! width="20%" |Material ! width="20%" |Notes ! width="30%" |Images |- | rowspan="3" | ''Allosaurus'' | ''A. fragilis'' | Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name="LSCC03">{{Cite journal |last=Loewen |first=Mark A. |last2=Sampson, Scott D. |last3=Carrano, Matthew T. |last4=Chure, Daniel J. |year=2003 |title=Morphology, taxonomy, and stratigraphy of ''Allosaurus'' from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=23 |issue=3 |page=72A |doi=10.1080/02724634.2003.10010538 |s2cid=220410105}}</ref> | "At least [three] complete skulls, many partial skulls and skull elements, many partial and complete skeletons representing at least 60 individuals." It was the most common large carnivore in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pickrell |first=John |date=27 May 2020 |title=This dinosaur may have been a cannibal, gnarly bite marks reveal |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/allosaurus-may-have-been-dinosaur-cannibal-fossils-reveal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301160450/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/allosaurus-may-have-been-dinosaur-cannibal-fossils-reveal |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=National Geographic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=New species of Allosaurus discovered in Utah |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200124073853.htm |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=ScienceDaily}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Chure |first=Daniel J. |last2=Loewen |first2=Mark A. |date=24 January 2020 |title=Cranial anatomy of Allosaurus jimmadseni, a new species from the lower part of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Western North America |journal=PeerJ |volume=8 |issue=e7803 |pages=e7803 |doi=10.7717/peerj.7803 |pmc=6984342 |pmid=32002317 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | | rowspan="3" | [[Fayil:Allosaurus_Revised.jpg|center|thumb|''Allosaurus fragilis'']] |- | ''A. jimmadseni'' | Wyoming and Utah, Brushy Basin and Salt Wash members<ref name="LSCC03" /><ref name=":3" /> |At least 15 specimens, including several skulls. | |- | ''A. anax''<ref name="Danison2024"/> |Oklahoma, Kenton Member<ref name="Danison2024" /> |Postorbital and partial postcranial material | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Antrodemus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''A. valens'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Half of a proximal caudal centrum | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Considered dubious due to fragmentary remains. | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Creosaurus'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | ''C. atrox'' | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Carnosauria |url=https://www.theropoddatabase.com/Carnosauria.htm#Creosaurusatrox |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=www.theropoddatabase.com |archive-date=2021-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513103854/https://theropoddatabase.com/Carnosauria.htm#Creosaurusatrox |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="background:#fbdddb;" |A fragmentary skull and assorted postcrania.<ref name=":15" /> | style="background:#fbdddb;" | Considered a junior synonym of ''Allosaurus''. | style="background:#fbdddb;" | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Epanterias'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''E. amplexus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin member | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Several fragmentary postcranial elements of 2 individuals, possible additional remains known from Wyoming. | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Considered dubious due to fragmentary remains.<ref name=":10" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Labrosaurus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''L. lucaris'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name=":8" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A fragmentary skull and several postcranial elements.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":8" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Junior synonym of ''A. fragilis''.<ref name=":8" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''L. ferox'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name=":8" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A partial skull, dentaries, and fragmentary postcrania.<ref name=":8" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Known from one specimen with several pathologies. Today considered a junior synonym of ''A. fragilis''.<ref name=":8" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- |} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Genus !Species !Locality !Material !Notes !Images |- | rowspan="4" | ''Ceratosaurus'' | ''C. dentisulcatus'' | Utah<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | "Partial skull, vertebrae, [and] limb elements."<ref name="table-3-1-49" /> | rowspan="4" | Large ceratosaurs grew to lengths of about {{Convert|6|–|7|m|ft}} in length with large nasal horns on their snouts as well as two smaller horns above the eyes. | rowspan="34" | [[Fayil:Ceratosaurus_nasicornis_DB.jpg|center|thumb|''Ceratosaurus nasicornis'']] [[Fayil:Fosterovenator_churei.jpg|center|thumb|''Fosterovenator churei'']] |- | ''C. magnicornis''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Colorado | "Skull [and] assorted postcrania."<ref name="table-3-1-49" /> |- | ''C. nasicornis''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Colorado and Utah, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /><ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Remains of "5 individuals, including [a] nearly complete adult skeleton and subadult skeleton." |- | Indeterminate.<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | Wyoming | |- | Ceratosauria<ref name="vert-table" /> | Indeterminate.<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | Colorado<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | | Previously referred to ''Elaphrosaurus'', these remains are probably not referable to that genus and are best considered indeterminate beyond Ceratosauria. |- | style="background:#f3e9f3;" | ''Elaphrosaurus'' | style="background:#f3e9f3;" | Intermediate<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#f3e9f3;" | Colorado<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#f3e9f3;" | | style="background:#f3e9f3;" | Now thought to be indeterminate beyond Ceratosauria. |- | ''Fosterovenator''<ref name="Dalman2014">{{Cite journal |last=Dalman |first=S.G. |year=2014 |title=New data on small theropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Como Bluff, Wyoming, USA |url=https://www.voluminajurassica.org/volumina/article/view/171/151 |journal=Volumina Jurassica |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=181–196 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216204735/https://www.voluminajurassica.org/volumina/article/view/171/151 |archive-date=2014-12-16}}</ref> | ''F. churei''<ref name="Dalman2014" /> | Wyoming<ref name="Dalman2014" /> | Tibia, astragalus, fibula.<ref name="Dalman2014" /> | A fragmentary theropod which may be a ceratosaurid. |- |} === Coelurosaurs === Coelurosaurs, ƙungiyar theropods mafi kusanci da kuma ciki har ''da'' tsuntsaye, sun haɗa da ''Coelurus fragilis'', ''Ornitholestes hermanni'', ''Tanycolagreus topwilsoni'', mai yiwuwa troodontid ''Koparion douglassi'', tabbataccen troodontid ''Hesperornithoides'', da kuma farkon tyraclevesoroidi .{{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Genus !Species !Locality !Material !Notes !Images |- | rowspan="2" | ''Coelurus'' | ''C. fragilis'' | Utah and Wyoming, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | A partial skeleton in several syntypes and several fragmentary referred specimens. | rowspan="2" | A basal coelurosaurian about {{Convert|2.3|m|ft}} long. | rowspan="34" | [[Fayil:Coelurus_BW.jpg|center|thumb|''Coelurus fragilis'']] [[Fayil:Hesperornithoides.png|center|thumb|''Hesperornithoides miessleri'']] [[Fayil:Koparion_NT.jpg|center|thumb|''Koparion douglassi'']] [[Fayil:Ornitholestes_reconstruction.png|center|thumb|''Ornitholestes hermanni'']] [[Fayil:Stokesosaurus_by_Tom_Parker.png|center|thumb|''Stokesosaurus clevelandi'']] [[Fayil:Tanycolagreus_reconstruction.png|center|thumb|''Tanycolagreus topwilsoni'']] |- | Indeterminate. | Colorado<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | |- | ''Hesperornithoides''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Scott Hartman |last2=Mickey Mortimer |last3=William R. Wahl |last4=Dean R. Lomax |last5=Jessica Lippincott |last6=David M. Lovelace |year=2019 |title=A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight |journal=PeerJ |volume=7 |pages=e7247 |doi=10.7717/peerj.7247 |pmc=6626525 |pmid=31333906 |doi-access=free}}</ref> | ''H. miessleri'' | Wyoming | | An early troodontid. |- | ''Koparion''<ref name="vert-table" /> | ''K. douglassi''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Utah<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | | A small theropod thought to be one of the oldest known troodontids. |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Palaeopteryx''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''P. thomsoni''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Colorado, Brushy Basin member<ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |A distal radius | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | ''Ornitholestes''<ref name="vert-table" /> | ''O. hermanni''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | Wyoming<ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | "Skull and associated postcranial skeleton."<ref name="table-4-1-76" /> | A small basal coelurosaurian about {{Convert|2|m|ft}} long. |- | ''Stokesosaurus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | ''S. clevelandi''<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Utah<ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | "Illium, associated elements and pelvic cranial material. [sic]" | A possible early tyrannosauroid about {{Convert|4|m|ft}} in length. |- | ''Tanycolagreus''<ref name="vert-table" /> | ''T. topwilsoni'' | Wyoming and Utah | | A basal coelurosaurian about {{Convert|3.4|m|ft}} long, similar in appearance to ''Coelurus''. |- |} === Megalosauroids === {{Paleobiota-key-compact}} {| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" !Halitta ! Nau'o'i ! Locality ! width="20%" | Kayan abu ! width="20%" | Bayanan kula ! width="20%" | Hotuna |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''Edmarka'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''E. rex'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Wyoming <ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Yiwuwa ƙaramin ma'ana na ''Torvosaurus tanneri'' . | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |- | ''Marshosaurus'' <ref name="vert-table" /> | ''M. bicentesimus'' | Colorado da Utah <ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Bangaren kwarangwal, gami da wani yanki na kwanyar. | Matsakaicin girman piatnitzkysaurid megalosauroid kimanin {{Convert|6|m|ft}} a tsayi. |[[Fayil:Marshosaurus_restoration.jpg|center|thumb|200x200px| ''Marshosaurus bicentesimus'']] |- | ''Torvosaurus'' <ref name="vert-table" /> | ''T. tanneri'' <ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> | Colorado, Utah da Wyoming, Brushy Basin memba <ref name="jurassic-distribution-colorado" /> <ref name="jurassic-distribution-utah" /> <ref name="jurassic-distribution-wyoming" /> | "Kwayoyin kwarangwal na aƙalla [uku] mutane." | Babban megalosaurid mai ƙarfi yana kaiwa tsayin har zuwa {{Cvt|9|m|ft}} . Daya daga cikin manya-manyan namun daji na samuwar. | rowspan="50" |[[Fayil:Torvosaurus_tanneri_Reconstruction.png|center|thumb|200x200px| ''Torvosaurus tanneri'']] |- |} == Qwai == An samo ƙwai na Dinosaur a Utah. == Waƙoƙi == === Ornithopods === Morrison ornithopod burbushin burbushin halittu ana wakilta su da waƙoƙin ƙafafu uku waɗanda gabaɗaya ƙanana ne. Yatsun waƙoƙin Morrison ornithopod yawanci sun fi yadu fiye da waƙoƙin da aka adana a cikin samuwar. <ref name="foster-ornithopod-tracks" /> === Stegosaurs === An fara gane waƙoƙin Stegosaur a cikin [[1996 in paleontology|1996]] daga hanyar bin diddigi-kawai da aka gano a cikin tashar Cleveland-Lloyd, wanda ke kusa da Price, Utah. [[1998 in paleontology|Bayan shekaru biyu]], an gina sabon ichnogenus mai suna ''Stegopodus'' don wani saitin waƙoƙin stegosaur waɗanda aka samo kusa da Arches National Park, kuma a Utah. <ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks2" /> Ba kamar na farko ba, wannan titin yana adana alamun ƙafafu. Kasusuwan burbushin halittu suna nuna cewa stegosaurs suna da lambobi biyar akan ƙafar ƙafa da kuma lambobi masu ɗaukar nauyi uku akan ƙafar baya. <ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks2" /> Daga wannan, masana kimiyya sun sami nasarar yin hasashen bayyanar waƙoƙin stegosaur a cikin [[1990 in paleontology|1990]], shekaru shida kafin farkon gano ainihin waƙoƙin Morrison stegosaur. <ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks2" /> Tun lokacin da aka kafa ''Stegopodus'', an sami ƙarin hanyoyin hanya, duk da haka babu wanda ya adana alamun ƙafafu na gaba, kuma alamun stegosaur ya kasance da wuya. <ref name="foster-stegosaur-tracks2" /> === Theropods === An dawo da waƙoƙin da ba a tantance ba daga Utah da Arizona. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iqk68ch372i4xjvdkgirlv9psyhz7ec 0 113320 840418 775810 2026-05-27T07:47:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jesús Santos Aguilar Rodríguez''' (an haife shi a watan Maris 30, 1996) kwararren dan wasan kokuwa ne na Mexico wanda ya fafata a rukunin lightweight na Gasar Kokuwa ta Duniya (UFC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Jesus-Santos-Aguilar-203965|title=Jesús Santos Aguilar MMA Stats, Pictures, News, ...|access-date=2025-08-06|website=Sherdog}}</ref> == Wasan kokuwa == === Farkon aiki === Aguilar ya yi ƙwararren MMA ɗin sa na halarta a karon a cikin 2016, yana samun rikodin 3-1 kafin fafatawa da [[Ultimate Warrior Challenge Mexico]] (UWC), ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi a Mexico. A ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Aguilar ya fuskanci Bafaranshe Antoine Hidrio don gasar UWC Flyweight Championship a ''UWC Mexico 21''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oem.com.mx/elsoldetijuana/deportes/hidrio-y-aguilar-por-cetro-mosca-de-uwc-18087220|title=Hidrio y Aguilar, por cetro Mosca de UWC|date=2025-01-03|access-date=2020-01-21|website=El Sol de Tijuana}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://uwc.com.mx/2020/01/23/seran-hidrio-y-aguilar-por-el-cetro-mosca-de-uwc/|title=SERÁN HIDRIO Y AGUILAR POR EL CETRO MOSCA DE UWC|date=2020-01-23|access-date=2024-02-10|website=UWC}}</ref> Ya ci yakin ta hanyar biyayya, don haka yana da'awar taken.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tapology.com/fightcenter/bouts/496474-uwc-21-jesus-santos-aguilar-vs-antoine-hidrio|title=Jesús Santos Aguilar defeats Antoine Hidrio|publisher=Tapology|date=2020-02-29|access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Satumba, Aguilar ya fuskanci [[Edgar Chairez]] a ''UWC Mexico 23'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.diariomma.com/2020/08/13/jesus-aguilar-titulo-mosca-uwc/|title=¿Podrá Jesús Aguilar acabar con la maldición del título mosca de UWC?|date=2020-08-13|access-date=2024-02-10|website=Diario MMA|archive-date=2024-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227043357/https://www.diariomma.com/2020/08/13/jesus-aguilar-titulo-mosca-uwc/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ya ci nasara ta hanyar biyayya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sintesistv.com.mx/aguilar-rompe-la-maldicion-de-los-campeones-en-uwc|title=Aguilar rompe la maldición de los campeones en UWC|access-date=2025-07-15|date=Sintesis TV}}</ref> Daga baya ya shiga gasar Combate Global promotion, inda ya sami karin nasara biyu a fafatawar da ya yi a can. Na farko ya yi hamayya da Jaime Alvarez a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2021, ta hanyar ƙaddamar da guillotine,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tudn.com/combate-global/tremenda-guillotina-jesus-santos-aguilar-rinde-a-jaime-alvarez-video|title=¡Tremenda guillotina! Jesús Santos Aguilar rinde a Jaime Álvarez|date=2021-05-07|access-date=2024-02-11|website=TUDN}}</ref> na biyu kuma da Cristian Barraza a ranar 23 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba ɗaya. A ranar 23 ga Agusta, 2022, Aguilar ya kasance ɗan takara a cikin Dana White's Contender Series a kakar sa na shida. Ya kara da dan kasar Brazil Erisson Ferreira, wanda ya doke shi ta hanyar mika wuya na guillotine na zagaye na uku.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/dana-white-contender-series-51-results|title=Dana White's Contender Series 51 results: All winners earn UFC contracts for second week in a row|publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com|date=2022-08-23|access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> A sakamakon haka, ya sami kwangila tare da UFC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxsports.com.mx/2022/08/23/se-gano-el-contrato-el-mexicano-jesus-aguilar-es-nuevo-peleador-de-ufc-video/|title=¡Se ganó el contrato! El mexicano Jesús Aguilar es nuevo peleador de UFC (VIDEO)|date=2024-02-11|access-date=2022-08-23|website=Fox Sports (México)}}</ref> === Gasar Gwagwarmayar Ƙarshe === Aguilar ya fuskanci Tatsuro Taira a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2023, a ''UFC Fight Night 218''. Ya yi rashin nasara ta hanyar ƙaddamar da zagaye na farko.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bitter|first=Shawn|date=2023-02-04|title=UFC Vegas 68: Tatsuro Taira Subs Jesus Aguilar for Third UFC Win|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/02/04/ufc-vegas-68-tatsuro-taira-vs-jesus-aguilar/|access-date=2024-02-11|website=Cageside Press}}</ref> Aguilar ya fuskanci Shannon Ross a ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2023, a gasar ''UFC 290''. Ya ci yakin ta hanyar buga Ross a cikin dakika 17 kacal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/us/ufc/20230708/655351/jesus-aguilar-consigue-primera-victoria-ufc-290-brutal-nocaut-17-segundos.html|title=Jesús Aguilar consigue su primera victoria en UFC 290 con un brutal nocaut a los 17 segundos|date=2023-07-08|access-date=2024-02-11|website=Mundo Deportivo}}</ref> Aguilar ya fuskanci Mateus Mendonça a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2024, a gasar ''UFC Fight Night 237''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.agfight.com/mateus-mendonca-peleara-con-jesus-aguilar-en-busca-de-su-primer-triunfo-en-ufc-en-febrero/|title=Mateus Mendonca peleará con Jesus Aguilar en busca de su primer triunfo en UFC en febrero|access-date=2024-02-26|date=2023-12-27|publisher=agfight|archive-date=2024-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226204326/https://es.agfight.com/mateus-mendonca-peleara-con-jesus-aguilar-en-busca-de-su-primer-triunfo-en-ufc-en-febrero/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya ci nasara a yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/ufc-fight-night-237-mexico-video-jesus-aguilar-surprised-split-decision-vs-mateus-mendonca|title=Jesus Aguilar surprised his win over Mateus Mendonca was a split call at UFC Mexico|date=2024-02-26|access-date=2024-02-26|publisher=mmajunkie}}</ref> Aguilar ya fuskanci Stewart Nicoll a kan Agusta 18, 2024, a gasar ''UFC 305''. A awo-a, ya auna a 127.5 lbs, fam da rabi a kan flyweight iyaka ga wadanda ba title yãƙi. Saboda haka, an yanke shawarar yaƙin ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyi, kuma an ci tarar Aguilar 20% na jakarsa, wanda zai je Nicoll. Duk da haka, Aguilar ya yi nasara ta hanyar ƙaddamar da zagaye na farko, yana mika abokin hamayyarsa tare da shaƙa na guillotine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2024/08/17/jesus-aguilar-puts-stewart-nicoll-to-sleep-to-open-ufc-305/|title=Jesus Aguilar Puts Stewart Nicoll to Sleep to Open UFC 305|date=2024-08-17|access-date=2024-08-18|website=Cageside Press}}</ref> Aguilar ya fuskanci Rafael Estevam a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2025, a gasar ''UFC Fight Night 251''. Ya rasa yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba daya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cagesidepress.com/2025/02/15/ufc-vegas-102-ground-game-key-as-rafael-estevam-tops-jesus-aguilar/|title=UFC Vegas 102: Ground Game Key As Rafael Estevam Tops Jesus Aguilar|date=2025-02-15|access-date=2025-03-28|website=Cageside Press}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubucen zane-zane == {{MMArecordbox | ko-wins= 1 | sub-wins= 7 | dec-wins= 3 | ko-losses= 0 | sub-losses= 2 | dec-losses= 1 | dq-wins= | dq-losses= | other-wins= | other-losses= | draws= | nc= }} == Haɗin waje == * Professional MMA record for Jesús Santos AguilardagaSherdog * Jesús Santos Aguilar.UFC == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1996]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0jn83di1tnkruqo2p3ggv49g3wh3u5d 0 113355 840386 835406 2026-05-27T04:35:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840386 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Wannan sune jerin girgizar ƙasa a cikin 2020. Girgizar ƙasa mai girma 6 ko sama da haka sun faru, sai dai sun haifar da lalacewa da kuma asarar rayuka, ko kuma sanannun saboda wasu dalilai. An jera duk ranaku bisa ga lokacin UTC. Ana nuna mafi girman ƙarfin akan ma'aunin ƙarfin Mercalli da aka gyara kuma an samo su daga bayanan ShakeMap na Amurka (USGS). A cikin shekara ta biyu a jere, ayyukan sun yi kasa da matsakaita, tare da manyan girgizar ƙasa guda tara kacal, kuma shekara ce ta farko tun daga shekarar 2016 ba tare da girgizar kasa mai girman 8.0+ ba. Sama da mutane 200 ne aka bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane, wannan ita ce shekarar da aka fi samun asarar rayuka a karni na 21 a girgizar ƙasar, amma kusan dukkaninsu sun fito ne daga kasar Turkiyya, sakamakon munanan abubuwa uku. A cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe na shekara, Croatia ta fuskanci girgizar ƙasa mafi ƙarfi a tarihinta, tare da asarar rayuka da lalacewa. == Idan aka kwatanta da sauran shekaru == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- |+Yawan girgizar ƙasa a duk duniya don 2010-2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Real-time Earthquake Map with exact dates and live earthquake reports |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/ |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthquake Statistics |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/stats.php |access-date=10 May 2017 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> !Girma !2010 !2011 !2012 !2013 !2014 !2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 ! style="background:#efefef;" |''2020'' |- !8.0–9.9 |1 |1 |2 |2 |1 |1 |0 |1 |1 |1 | style="background:#efefef;" |0 |- !7.0–7.9 |23 |19 |14 |17 |11 |18 |16 |6 |16 |9 | style="background:#efefef;" |9 |- !6.0–6.9 |151 |187 |117 |123 |143 |127 |131 |104 |118 |135 | style="background:#efefef;" |112 |- !5.0–5.9 |2,220 |2,486 |1,546 |1,460 |1,580 |1,413 |1,550 |1,447 |1,671 |1,484 | style="background:#efefef;" |1,315 |- !4.0–4.9 |10,138 |13,129 |10,955 |11,877 |15,817 |13,777 |13,700 |11,544 |12,782 |11,897 | style="background:#efefef;" |12,216 |- !Jimillar |12,536 |15,822 |12,635 |13,480 |17,552 |15,336 |15,397 |13,102 |14,589 |13,530 | style="background:#efefef;" |13,654 |} Karin yawan girgizar kasa da aka gano ba lallai bane ya wakilci karuwar girgizar ƙasa ''da kansa''. Karin yawan jama'a, yaduwar mazauna, da ci gaba a fasahar gano girgizar ƙasa duk suna ba da gudummawa ga yawan girgizar kasa da aka rubuta a tsawon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USGS Earthquake Myths |url=http://www.usgs.gov/faq/taxonomy/term/9830 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319120417/http://www.usgs.gov/faq/taxonomy/term/9830 |archive-date=19 March 2016 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> == Ta hanyar yawan wadanda suka mutu == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Matsayi !Yawan mutanen da suka mutu !Girma !Wurin da yake !MMI !Rashin zurfi (kilomita) !Ranar !Abin da ya faru |- |1 |119 |7.0 |, [[North Aegean|Arewacin Aegean]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Greece}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |21.0 |30 October |'''Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Aegean 2020''' |- |2 |41 |6.7 |[[Turkiyya]], [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]]{{Flagicon|Turkey}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |10.0 |24 January |'''2020 Girgizar ƙasa ta Elazığ''' |- |3 |10 |7.4 |, [[Oaxaca]]{{Flag|Mexico}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |20.0 |23 June |'''Girgizar kasa ta 2020 a Oaxaca''' |- |3 |10 |5.8 |, [[West Azarbaijan province|Yammacin Azarbaijan]]{{Flag|Iran}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |10.0 |23 February |'''Girgizar ƙasa ta Iran da Turkiyya ta 2020''' |- |} An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla mutane 10 da suka mutu. {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Matsayi !Girma !Yawan mutanen da suka mutu !Wurin da yake !MMI !Rashin zurfi (kilomita) !Ranar !Abin da ya faru |- |1 |7.8 |0 |Amurka, [[Alaska]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|United States}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |28.0 |22 July |'''Yulin 2020 Girgizar kasa ta yankin Alaska''' |- |2 |7.7 |0 | a bakin teku{{Flag|Cayman Islands}}| {{MMI-ts|VI|desc=1}} |14.9 |28 January |'''Girgizar kasa ta Caribbean ta 2020''' |- |3 |7.6 |0 |, [[Alaska]] a bakin teku{{Flag|United States}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |28.4 |19 October |'''Girgizar kasa ta Oktoba 2020 Alaska Peninsula''' |- |4 |7.5 |1 |Rasha, [[Kuril Islands|Tsibirin Kuril]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|Russia}}| {{MMI-ts|V|desc=1}} |56.7 |25 March | - |- |5 |7.4 |10 |, [[Oaxaca]]{{Flag|Mexico}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |20.0 |23 June |'''Girgizar kasa ta 2020 a Oaxaca''' |- |5 |7.4 |0 |New Zealand, [[Kermadec Islands|Tsibirin Kermadec]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|New Zealand}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |10.0 |18 June | - |- |7 |7.0 |119 |, [[North Aegean|Arewacin Aegean]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Greece}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |21.0 |30 October |'''Girgizar kasa ta Tekun Aegean 2020''' |- |7 |7.0 |1 |[[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]], Oro a bakin teku{{Flagicon|Papua New Guinea}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |73.0 |17 July | - |- |7 |7.0 |0 |Rasha, [[Kuril Islands|Tsibirin Kuril]] a bakin teku{{Flagicon|Russia}}| {{MMI-ts|VI|desc=1}} |144.0 |13 February | - |- |- |} An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla 7.0 magnitude. == Ta wata == === Janairu ===   [[Fayil:Elazığ_Depremi_kurtarma_çalışmaları.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Lokacin da ake ceto mutane a karkashin rushewar bayan girgizar kasa a Elazığ, [[Turkiyya]].]] [[Fayil:Landslide_triggered_by_M6.4_earthquake_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Rushewar ƙasa bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico .]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 81&nbsp;km SW of Tāybād, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006tev/executive |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Razavi Khorasan province|Khorasan-e Razavi]], 81&nbsp;km southwest of [[Taybad]] |5.5 |10.0 |VII |At least 100 houses were damaged,<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2020 |title=زلزله به یکصد واحد مسکونی خواف خسارت وارد کرد |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/83618996/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF |access-date=3 May 2023 |language=fa |agency=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]}}</ref> some of them seriously.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Rodrigo Contreras |date=2020-01-02 |title=terremoto magnitud 5.8 genera daños al noreste de Irán |url=https://www.alertageo.org/2020/01/02/terremoto-magnitud-5-8-genera-danos-al-noreste-de-iran/ |access-date=2020-01-02 |website=Alerta Geo |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 3&nbsp;km W of Reforma de Pineda, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006uwq/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Oaxaca]], 3&nbsp;km west of [[Reforma de Pineda]] |5.9 |87.0 |V |Some homes suffered minor damage.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-05 |title=Reportan daños menores por sismo de magnitud 6 en Oaxaca |url=https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/sismo-en-oaxaca-reportan-danos-menores-por-sismo-de-magnitud-6 |access-date=2020-01-05 |website=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 14&nbsp;km S of Indios, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020006006/executive |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Guayanilla]] offshore, 14&nbsp;km south of [[Indios, Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Indios]] |5.8 |6.0 |VI |  | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 14&nbsp;km S of Sinabang, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006vkq/executive |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Aceh]] offshore, 14&nbsp;km south of [[Sinabang]] |6.3 |17.0 |VI |Cracks in walls or broken windows were observed in some buildings in Sinabang. | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 13&nbsp;km SSE of Maria Antonia, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006vll/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Guayanilla]] offshore, 13&nbsp;km south of [[Carenero|María Antonia]] |6.4 |9.0 |VIII |  |3 |8 |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 130&nbsp;km ENE of Kimbe, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006vvr/executive |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]], 130&nbsp;km east northeast of [[Kimbe]] |6.0 |117.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 – 13&nbsp;km SE of Borāzjān, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006w5q/executive |access-date=2020-01-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Bushehr province|Bushehr]], 13&nbsp;km southeast of [[Borazjan|Borajzan]] |4.9 |10.0 |VI |Some damage was caused and seven people were injured. This earthquake struck near the Bushehr nuclear plant, but did not damage it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthquake hits near Iran nuclear plant, injuring 7 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/earthquake-hits-near-iran-nuclear-plant-injuring-7/ |access-date=2020-01-09 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> | - |7 |- |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70006wuf/executive |access-date=2020-01-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]], 341&nbsp;km northeast of [[Tilichiki]] |6.4 |10.0 |VII |– | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 4&nbsp;km S of Maria Antonia, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020010060/executive |access-date=2020-01-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guánica, Puerto Rico|Guánica]] offshore, 4&nbsp;km south of [[Carenero|María Antonia]] |5.2 |9.0 |VI |  |1 | - |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 5&nbsp;km SE of Maria Antonia, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020011010/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|, Guayanilla]] offshore, 5&nbsp;km southeast of [[Carenero|María Antonia]] |5.9 |5.0 |VII |  | - | - |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.7 – 3&nbsp;km SSW of Talisay, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007et9/executive |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Calabarzon]], 3&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Lipa|Talisay]] |4.7 |10.0 | - |It was the first of the three largest earthquakes in a swarm related to the eruption of the Taal Volcano. Several houses were damaged in Lemery. | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 17&nbsp;km NNW of San Martín, Argentina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000708k/executive |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Argentina}}, [[Mendoza Province|Mendoza]], 17&nbsp;km north northwest of [[San Martín, Mendoza|San Martín]] |4.5 |40.0 |III |Light damage was observed in the city of [[Mendoza]]. One person fainted from fear during a live TV show.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villegas |first=Rosana |date=15 January 2020 |title=El temblor en Mendoza generó una grieta en un edificio de Ciudad y debió acudir Defensa Civil |url=https://www.diariouno.com.ar/sociedad/temblor-mendoza-genero-grieta-edificio-ciudad-debio-acudir-defensa-civil-01152020_Hkf-jhnlI |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Diario Uno |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2020 |title=Temblor en Mendoza: susto y desmayo en vivo durante un programa de TV |url=https://www.diariouno.com.ar/sociedad/temblor-mendoza-susto-desmayo-vivo-durante-programa-tv-01152020_r1ZYS22eU |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=Diario Uno |language=es}}</ref> | - |1 |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 6&nbsp;km NE of Ixtepec, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us700071ey/executive |access-date=2020-01-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Oaxaca]], 6&nbsp;km northeast of [[Ixtepec, Oaxaca|Ixtepec]] |5.2 |17.5 |VI |Various adobe houses and a church were damaged. The earthquake also caused some landslides and falling rocks blocked roads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De 2020 |first=17 De Enero |date=17 January 2020 |title=Sismo de magnitud 5.3 grados en Oaxaca dejó daños en el Istmo de Tehuantepec |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2020/01/17/sismo-de-magnitud-53-grados-en-oaxaca-dejo-danos-en-el-istmo-de-tehuantepec/ |access-date=2020-01-17 |website=Infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 146&nbsp;km W of Abepura, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007a3h/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Papua (province)|Papua]], 146&nbsp;km west of [[Jayapura|Abepura]] |6.0 |44.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 104&nbsp;km ENE of Kashgar, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007anp/executive |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Xinjiang]], 104&nbsp;km east northeast of [[Kashgar]] |6.0 |5.6 |VIII |  |1 |2 |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 108&nbsp;km SE of Gorontalo, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007arp/executive |access-date=2020-01-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[North Sulawesi]] offshore, 108&nbsp;km southeast of [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]] |6.1 |121.7 |IV | - | - | - |- |19<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 2&nbsp;km W of South Hutchinson, Kansas |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007att/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Kansas]], 2&nbsp;km west of [[South Hutchinson, Kansas|South Hutchinson]] |4.5 |5.0 |VI |There were reports of bricks breaking off chimneys and sidewalks cracking in the Hutchinson area.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – South Sandwich Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007b5x/executive |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} offshore, 25&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Bristol Island]] |6.1 |93.0 |V | - | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 15&nbsp;km ESE of Kırkağaç, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007d2r/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Manisa Province|Manisa]], 15&nbsp;km east southeast of [[Kırkağaç]] |5.6 |5.6 |VII |A few structures collapsed, with people running outside for safety. Four people were injured. The earthquake was felt in [[Istanbul]] and [[Izmir|İzmir]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-23 |title=Two earthquakes strike western, central Turkey |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/two-earthquakes-strike-western-central-turkey-151312 |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=Hürriyet Daily News}}</ref> | - |4 |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 84&nbsp;km W of Adak, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007djn/executive |access-date=2020-01-23 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, [[Aleutian Islands]], 84&nbsp;km west of [[Adak, Alaska|Adak]] |6.2 |10.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.7 – 13&nbsp;km N of Doğanyol, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007ewc/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]], 13&nbsp;km north of [[Doğanyol]] |6.7 |10.0 |IX |  |41 |1,631 |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 240&nbsp;km WSW of Adak, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007g8m/executive |access-date=26 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, [[Aleutian Islands]], 240&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Adak, Alaska|Adak]] |6.1 |17.0 |V |It was an aftershock of the 6.2 quake two days prior. | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 102&nbsp;km WNW of Kirakira, Solomon Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007gyx/executive |access-date=27 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}, [[Makira-Ulawa Province|Makira-Ulawa]] offshore, 102&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Kirakira, Solomon Islands|Kirakira]] |6.3 |21.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.7 – 123&nbsp;km NNW of Lucea, Jamaica |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007idc/executive |access-date=11 April 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} offshore, 123&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Lucea, Jamaica|Lucea]], [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] |7.7 |14.9 |VI |  | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 55&nbsp;km SE of East End, Cayman Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007iig/executive |access-date=28 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}}, [[Grand Cayman]] offshore, 55&nbsp;km southeast of [[East End, Cayman Islands|East End]] |6.1 |10.0 |V |It was an aftershock of the 7.7 earthquake a few hours earlier. | - | - |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 70&nbsp;km W of Kirakira, Solomon Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60007j2w/executive |access-date=29 January 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}, [[Makira-Ulawa Province|Makira-Ulawa]] offshore, 70&nbsp;km west of [[Kirakira, Solomon Islands|Kirakira]] |6.0 |85.0 |V |It was an aftershock of the 6.3 quake two days prior. | - | - |} === Fabrairu ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 113&nbsp;km NNE of Bangkalan, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007j6z/executive |access-date=2020-01-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[East Java|Gabashin Java]] bakin teku, kilomita 113 arewa maso gabashin [[Bangkalan]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.2 |592.4 |Na | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 109&nbsp;km SSE of Pondaguitan, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007jwn/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[North Sulawesi|Arewacin Sulawesi]] bakin teku, kilomita 13 kudu da [[Miangas]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |19.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.7 – 29&nbsp;km NE of Bāgeshwar, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007lc7/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Uttarakhand]], kilomita 29 arewa maso gabashin [[Bageshwar]]{{Flag|India}}&nbsp; |4.7 |18.8 |Na huɗu |Wasu gidaje sun lalace, kuma daya ya rushe a Gundumar Bageshwar. Mutane biyu sun ji rauni daga rushewar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-08 |title=Earthquake caused havoc in Uttarakhand, many houses damaged |url=https://english.newstracklive.com/news/earthquake-tremors-felt-in-uttarakhand-today-morning-one-house-collapsed-mc23-nu-1068661-1.html |access-date=2020-02-13 |website=News Track |language=en}}</ref> | - |2 |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – South Sandwich Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007lik/executive |access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> |, kilomita 113 kudu maso gabashin [[Bristol Island|Tsibirin Bristol]]{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}&nbsp; |6.0 |16.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 127&nbsp;km S of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007lwy/executive |access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> |, Gabashin New Britain bakin teku, kilomita 127 kudu da [[Kokopo]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |34.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – 95&nbsp;km ENE of Kuril'sk, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007pa9/executive |access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref> |, [[Kuril Islands|Tsibirin Kuril]] a bakin teku, kilomita 95 a gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Kurilsk]]{{Flag|Russia}}&nbsp; |7.0 |143.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.3 – 12&nbsp;km SSE of Ardab?l, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007r0p/executive |access-date=2022-05-10}}</ref> |, [[Ardabil province|Ardabil]], kilomita 12 kudu maso gabashin [[Ardabil]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.3 |10.0 | - |An haifar da wasu lalacewa, kuma mutane 27 sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2020 |title=Dozens injured in earthquake in north-west Iran |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/02/dutzende-verletzte-bei-erdbeben-im-nordwesten-des-iran/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |27 |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 41&nbsp;km NW of Salmās, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007v29/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Azerbaijan province|Yammacin Azerbaijan]], kilomita 30 kudu maso gabashin [[Salmas]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |5.8 |10.0 |VII | rowspan="2" |  |10 |141 |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 37&nbsp;km ESE of Özalp, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007v9g/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Azerbaijan province|Yammacin Azerbaijan]], kilomita 37 gabashin kudu maso gabashin [[Özalp, Van|Özalp]], [[Turkiyya]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |6.0 |10.0 |VII | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 2&nbsp;km E of San Vincenzo la Costa, Italy |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70007vtm/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Calabria]], kilomita 2 a gabashin [[San Vincenzo La Costa]]{{Flag|Italy}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 |Na shida |Gine-gine daban-daban sun lalace kuma daya ya rushe a Lardin Cosenza. Mutum daya ya ji rauni a lokacin ofishin addini ta hanyar faduwar tubali.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madrigrano |first=Elvira |date=2020-02-24 |title=Terremoto a Rende, paura danni e lesioni ad alcuni palazzi. Il video della scossa |url=https://www.quicosenza.it/news/le-notizie-dell-area-urbana-di-cosenza/rende/341407-terremoto-a-rende-paura-danni-e-lesioni-ad-alcuni-palazzi-il-video-della-scossa |access-date=2020-02-24 |website=QuiCosenza.it |language=it-IT |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225133216/https://www.quicosenza.it/news/le-notizie-dell-area-urbana-di-cosenza/rende/341407-terremoto-a-rende-paura-danni-e-lesioni-ad-alcuni-palazzi-il-video-della-scossa |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Terremoto nel Cosentino, si stacca l'intonaco in una chiesa a Castiglione: un ferito |url=https://lacnews24.it/cronaca/terremoto-nel-cosentino-chiesa-lesionata_111219/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Lacnews24.it |language=it}}</ref> | - |1 |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 21&nbsp;km WNW of Do?anyol, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us600084bs/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Malatya Province|Malatya]], kilomita 21 arewa maso gabashin [[Doganyol]]{{Flag|Turkey}}&nbsp; |5.0 |10.0 |Na huɗu |An haifar da ƙananan lalacewa, kuma mutane shida sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Türkei: Mehrere Verletzte bei Nachbeben in Malatya |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/02/tuerkei-mehrere-verletzte-bei-nachbeben-in-malatya/ |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2020 |title=Malatya'da 4,9 büyüklüğünde deprem |url=https://www.trthaber.com/m/?news=malatyada-49-buyuklugunde-deprem&news_id=463211&category_id=2 |publisher=trthaber.com |language=tr}}</ref> | - |6 |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 273&nbsp;km SW of Tual, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us600084gu/executive |access-date=2020-03-30 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] bakin teku, kilomita 273 kudu maso yammacin [[Tual]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |54.0 |V | - | - | - |}   [[Fayil:Oštećena_zgrada_Ilica.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Wani gini a titin Ilica, [[Zagreb]] wanda girgizar kasa ta lalata a ranar 22 ga Maris 2020.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 250px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 6&nbsp;km NNW of Guindapunan, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us600087il/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Eastern Visayas]] offshore, 6&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Guindapunan]] |5.4 |10.0 |VI |Many buildings were damaged in Leyte. Five schools were damaged in the town of Capoocan, causing class suspensions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=School buildings damaged due to 5.5-magnitude quake |url=https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/3/2/earthquake-leyte.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302030829/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/3/2/earthquake-leyte.html |archive-date=2 March 2020 |access-date=2 March 2020 |publisher=CNNPhilippines}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|title=UB: 5 paaralan, napinsala ng magnitude 5.7 na lindol sa Capoocan, Leyte}}</ref> | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 116&nbsp;km W of Bhamo, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008937/executive |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Myanmar}}, [[Sagaing Region|Sagaing]], 116&nbsp;km west of [[Bhamo]] |4.8 |10.0 | - |Religious buildings were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Quake damages religious buildings in Myanmar |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/03/05/quake-damages-religious-buildings-in-myanmar |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=The Star}}</ref> | - | - |- |6<ref name="CHINASICHUAN">{{Cite web |date=6 March 2020 |title=Schadensbeben in Sichuan |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/schadensbeben-in-sichuan/ |access-date=2022-05-02}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Sichuan]] |3.9 |13.0 | - |Minor damage was observed in the epicentral area.<ref name="CHINASICHUAN" /> | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Southwest Indian Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008ay3/executive |access-date=2020-04-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Southwest [[Ridge|Indian Ridge]] |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 71&nbsp;km SE of Estacion Coahuila, B.C., MX |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci38385946/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Baja California]] offshore, 71&nbsp;km southeast of [[Estación Coahuila]] |5.5 |10.0 |VII |Minor damage were observed, such as falling objects and rockfalls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in Sonora |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-in-sonora/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 27&nbsp;km S of Caniço, Portugal |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008brw/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Portugal}}, [[Madeira]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km south of [[Caniço]] |5.3 |10.0 |V |Minor damage was reported in Funchal, like cracks in walls and fallen plaster. At least three roads were partially blocked by landslides.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben erschüttert Madeira |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-erschuettert-madeira/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 11&nbsp;km W of Cicurug, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008d3j/executive |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], 11&nbsp;km west of [[Cicurug]] |5.0 |10.0 |VI |Around 90 houses were damaged in Sukabumi, and two people were slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BeritaSatu.com |date=10 March 2020 |title=Gempa Sukabumi, Tidak Ada Korban Jiwa |url=https://www.beritasatu.com/nasional/607417/gempa-sukabumi-tidak-ada-korban-jiwa |access-date=2020-03-10 |website=beritasatu.com |language=id}}</ref> | - |2 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 26&nbsp;km NNW of Nanao, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008egj/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]], 26&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Nanao, Ishikawa|Nanao]] |5.3 |10.0 |VII |One person was injured after suffering a fall during the quake.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2020 |title=Japan: Starkes Erdbeben auf Honshu – Ein Verletzter |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/japan-starkes-erdbeben-auf-honshu/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – Kermadec Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008fl8/executive |access-date=2020-03-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|New Zealand}}, [[Kermadec Islands]] offshore, 298&nbsp;km northeast of [[Raoul Island]] |6.4 |10.0 |III | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 94&nbsp;km WNW of Bandar Abbas, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008g7m/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Hormozgan province|Hormozgan]], 94&nbsp;km northwest of [[Bandar Abbas]] |5.4 |10.0 |VI |Minor damage was caused to many buildings and one partially collapsed in Hormozgan province. Two people were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2020 |title=Zwei Verletzte bei Erdbeben in Hormozgan |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/zwei-verletzte-bei-erdbeben-in-hormozgan/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |2 |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 171&nbsp;km E of Hihifo, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008h76/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Tonga}}, [[Niuatoputapu]] offshore, 171&nbsp;km east of [[Hihifo]] |6.0 |10.0 |IV |[[Samoa]] was shaken, although the epicentre was in Tonga. | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 99&nbsp;km NW of Sola, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008hkg/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Torba Province|Torba]] offshore, 99&nbsp;km northwest of [[Sola, Vanuatu|Sola]] |6.1 |176.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 5&nbsp;km NNE of Magna, Utah |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/uu60363602/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Utah]], 5&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Magna, Utah|Magna]] |5.7 |11.9 |VII |  | - |Several |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 249&nbsp;km S of Nusa Dua, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60008hzl/executive |access-date=2020-03-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Bali]] offshore, 249&nbsp;km south of [[Nusa Dua]] |6.2 |20.7 |VI | - | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 85&nbsp;km NE of Lobujya, Nepal |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008cld/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Tibet]], 85&nbsp;km northeast of [[Lobujya]], [[Nepal]] |5.7 |10.0 |VII |More than 300 buildings were damaged, affecting 67 villages. At least 2,855 people were evacuated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in Tibet – Hunderte Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-in-tibet/ |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=西藏自治区启动日喀则市定日县"3·20"地震灾害IV级救助应急响应 |url=http://yjt.xizang.gov.cn/sitesources/xzajj/page_pc/sylm/hzfz/article9cc37dec59c94fb69f63ea1ca8266379.html |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=yjt.xizang.gov.cn |language=zh |archive-date=2022-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306005807/http://yjt.xizang.gov.cn/sitesources/xzajj/page_pc/sylm/hzfz/article9cc37dec59c94fb69f63ea1ca8266379.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 178&nbsp;km WSW of Altai, Mongolia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008cmt/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mongolia}}, [[Govi-Altai]], 178&nbsp;km southwest of [[Altai City|Altai]] |5.5 |10.0 |VII |Minor damage was caused to many structures, including a government building.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in der Mongolei |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/03/starkes-erdbeben-in-der-mongolei/ |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Тонхил суманд дөрвөн удаагийн давтамжтай газар хөдөллөө |url=https://www.montsame.mn/mn/read/219585 |access-date=2022-03-06 |publisher=[[Montsame]] |language=mn}}</ref> | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 14&nbsp;km NNE of Kanaláki, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008db1/executive |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Greece}}, [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], 14&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Fanari, Preveza|Kanallaki]] |5.7 |10.0 |VII |Some old buildings were damaged and some also collapsed in Kanallaki. Three people were slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2020 |title=Magnitude 5.6 Earthquake Strikes North-Western Greece |url=https://greece.greekreporter.com/2020/03/21/magnitude-5-6-earthquake-strikes-north-western-greece/ |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=greece.greekreporter.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Three injured, houses damaged after quake shakes western Greece – China.org.cn |url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-03/21/content_75843166.htm |access-date=2020-03-21 |website=china.org.cn}}</ref> | - |3 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 5&nbsp;km E of Gornja Bistra, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008dx7/executive |access-date=2020-04-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Croatia}}, [[Zagreb]], 5&nbsp;km east of [[Gornja Bistra]] |5.3 |10.0 |VII |  |1 |26 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – central East Pacific Rise |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008e91/executive |access-date=2020-03-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central [[Pacific Ocean|East Pacific]] Rise |6.1 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.5 – 221&nbsp;km SSE of Severo-Kuril'sk, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00q7qai7/executive |access-date=2020-04-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kuril Islands]] offshore, 221&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Severo-Kurilsk]] |7.5 |57.8 |V |Following this earthquake, tsunami warnings were issued at first, but were later rescinded, with tsunami heights of 0.5 m observed in Severo-Kurilsk. One person died, trying to evacuate from the tsunami. |1 | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 27&nbsp;km SW of Burias, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008ghw/executive |access-date=2020-03-26 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Soccsksargen|Soccksargen]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km southwest of [[Glan|Burias]] |6.1 |59.0 |VI |Some minor damage was observed, like cracks in walls.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No major damage in GenSan, Sarangani from magnitude 6.1 quake |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1097978 |access-date=2020-03-28 |website=pna.gov.ph}}</ref> | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 73&nbsp;km WSW of Poso, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008hvb/executive |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Central Sulawesi]], 73&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Poso]] |5.9 |10.0 |VII |At least three people were injured. 33 houses and several public facilities were damaged. Power outage was reported in some affected areas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Indonesia – Central Sulawesi Province Earthquake (ECHO Daily Flash of 30 March 2020) – Indonesia |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-central-sulawesi-province-earthquake-echo-daily-flash-30-march-2020 |access-date=2020-04-01 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}</ref> | - |3 |- |31<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – Stanley, Idaho |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008jr5/executive |access-date=2020-03-30 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Idaho]], 31&nbsp;km north northwest of [[Stanley, Idaho|Stanley]] |6.5 |12.1 |VIII |  | - | - |- |} === Afrilu ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 255px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref name="CHINA">{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 274&nbsp;km NE of Qamdo, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008kd8/executive |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Qinghai]], kilomita 274 arewa maso gabashin [[Qamdo]]{{Flag|China}}&nbsp; |5.4 |10.0 |VII |Wasu gidaje sun lalace a Serxu . <ref name="CHINA" /> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 124&nbsp;km WNW of Ternate, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008peg/executive |access-date=2020-04-05 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[North Maluku|Arewacin Maluku]] bakin teku, kilomita 124 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Ternate]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |42.0 |V | - | - | - |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – Mid-Indian Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008um8/executive |access-date=2020-04-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> | a bakin teku, kilomita 96 a arewacin [[Île Amsterdam|Tsibirin Amsterdam]]{{Flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}&nbsp; |6.1 |10.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Kermadec Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008vsp/executive |access-date=2020-04-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Kermadec Islands|Tsibirin Kermadec]] a bakin teku, kilomita 194 kudu maso gabashin [[Raoul Island|Tsibirin Raoul]]{{Flag|New Zealand}}&nbsp; |6.0 |31.0 | - | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 13&nbsp;km NNE of Pinillos, Colombia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008wpb/executive |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Bolívar Department|Bolívar]], kilomita 13 arewa maso gabashin [[Pinillos]]{{Flag|Colombia}}&nbsp; |5.7 |53.0 |V |Wasu tsofaffin gidaje sun sami lalacewa a Sashen Cesar. A Magdalena, gidaje uku sun rushe kuma yaro daya ya ji rauni kadan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-15 |title=Temblor dejó daños en el Cesar |url=https://portalenlace.com.co/temblor-dejo-danos-en-el-cesar/ |publisher=Portal Enlace}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2020 |title=Colapsan tres casas en área rural de El Banco tras sismo de 5,7 |url=https://www.elheraldo.co/magdalena/colapsan-tres-casas-en-area-rural-de-el-banco-tras-sismo-de-57-717811 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=EL HERALDO |language=es}}</ref> | - |1 |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 2&nbsp;km SE of Marsaglia, Italy |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008xgd/executive |access-date=2020-04-23 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Emilia-Romagna, kilomita 2 kudu maso gabashin [[Marsaglia]]{{Flag|Italy}}&nbsp; |4.5 |10.0 |V |An haifar da wasu lalacewa a Cerignale. Gine-gine daban-daban sun sami raguwa a cikin ganuwar, kuma coci ya ɗan lalace.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Cittadini terrorizzati in strada, il terremoto ha scatenato il panico": parlano i sindaci dei comuni colpiti – Libertà Piacenza |url=https://www.liberta.it/news/cronaca/2020/04/16/cittadini-terrorizzati-in-strada-il-terremoto-ha-scatenato-il-panico-parlano-i-sindaci-dei-comuni-colpiti/ |access-date=2020-04-23 |website=Liberta.it |language=it}}</ref> | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 59&nbsp;km NNE of Savannah Bight, Honduras |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008xeb/executive |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Bay Islands bakin teku, 59 km arewa maso gabashin [[Guanaja|Savannah Bight]]{{Flag|Honduras|1949}}&nbsp; |6.1 |12.0 |V | - | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 38&nbsp;km ESE of Falam, Myanmar |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008xhp/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Sagaing, kilomita 39 gabas kudu maso gabashin [[Falam]]{{Flag|Myanmar}}&nbsp; |5.9 |10.0 |VII |Gine-gine daban-daban sun lalace, gami da makarantu da yawa, pagoda, da tashar wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MYAT MOE AUNG |date=2020-04-17 |title=ချင်းပြည်နယ် ငလျင် အကြီးစားပျက်စီးဆုံးရှုံးမှု မရှိ |trans-title=No major damage in Chin State |url=https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/news/138350.html |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=[[The Myanmar Times]] |language=my}}</ref> | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 27&nbsp;km N of Tasiilaq, Greenland |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008yib/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Sermersooq]], kilomita 27 a arewacin [[Tasiilaq]]{{Flag|Greenland}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 | - |Wasu gine-gine sun sami karamin lalacewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthquake Review 2020 |url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Earthquake%20Review%202020.pdf |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=reliefweb.int}}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – Bonin Islands, Japan region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00q8z62q/executive |access-date=2020-04-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Bonin Islands|Tsibirin Bonin]] a bakin teku, kilomita 209 a yammacin [[Chichijima]]{{Flag|Japan}}&nbsp; |6.6 |453.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 31&nbsp;km SE of Ōfunato, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000903m/executive |access-date=2020-04-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]] bakin teku, kilomita 31 kudu maso gabashin [[Ōfunato]]{{Flag|Japan}}&nbsp; |6.3 |38.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 7&nbsp;km WSW of Orzu, Tajikistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60009bvd/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Khatlon Region|Khatlon]], kilomita 7 kudu maso yammacin [[Orzu, Tajikistan|Orzu]]{{Flag|Tajikistan}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 | - |An haifar da mummunar lalacewa a Orzu.<ref name="ORZU">{{Cite web |date=26 April 2020 |title=Erdbebenserie in Tadschikistan |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/04/erdbebenserie-in-tadschikistan/ |language=de}}</ref> Wannan shi ne mafi karfi a cikin girgizar kasa.<ref name="ORZU" /> | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 140&nbsp;km W of Panguna, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60009c06/executive |access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> |, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]] bakin teku, kilomita 140 kudu da [[Panguna]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |19.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 40&nbsp;km ESE of Padangsidempuan, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us700097e2/executive |access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> |, [[North Sumatera|Arewacin Sumatra]], kilomita 40 gabas kudu maso gabashin [[Padangsidempuan]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |5.0 |17.1 |V |Wasu gine-gine, ciki har da gidaje, masallatai da makarantu, sun lalace a Kudancin Tapanuli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2020 |title=Gempa M 5,6 Guncang Tapanuli Selatan, Rumah Warga, Masjid dan Sekolah Rusak. |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/04/30/23553781/gempa-m-56-guncang-tapanuli-selatan-rumah-warga-masjid-dan-sekolah-rusak |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=Kompas.com |language=id}}</ref> | - | - |- |} === Mayu ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 6&nbsp;km SW of Rakovski, Bulgaria |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009865/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Plovdiv Province|Plovdiv]], kilomita 6 kudu maso yammacin [[Rakovski (town)|Rakovski]]{{Flag|Bulgaria}}&nbsp; |4.5 |10.0 |V |An lura da lalacewar gine-gine kamar murhu da ya rushe, fashewar gyare-gyare, da tsagewa a bangon a Plovdiv.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Земетресение край Пловдив, има леки материални щети |url=https://nova.bg/amp/news/view/2020/05/01/286700/%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=nova.bg |language=bg}}</ref> | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 6&nbsp;km S of Tallaboa, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020123010/executive |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Peñuelas, Puerto Rico|Peñuelas]] bakin teku, kilomita 6 kudu da yankin Tallaboa{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}&nbsp;[[Encarnación, Peñuelas, Puerto Rico#Tallaboa|Al'ummar Tallaboa]] |5.4 |9.0 |VII |Wasu gine-gine sun lalace a Ponce, kuma an yanke wutar lantarki a birane daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Se registran daños estructurales en Ponce tras sismo de 5.4 |url=https://www.noticel.com/ahora/top-stories/20200502/se-registran-danos-estructurales-en-ponce-tras-sismo-de-5-2/ |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=noticel.com |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – 91&nbsp;km S of Néa Anatolí, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us700098qd/executive |access-date=2020-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, tsibirin tsibirin tsibiri, kilomita 91 a kudancin Néa [[Anatoli]]{{Flag|Greece}}&nbsp; |6.5 |10.0 |Na shida |An bayar da gargadi na tsunami, kuma an auna karamin tsunami na 20 cm a Ierapeetra. An lura da wasu rushewar ƙasa a kan hanyoyi.&nbsp; | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 10&nbsp;km WNW of Aleshtar, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009axp/executive |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Lorestan province|Lorestan]], kilomita 10 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Aleshtar]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 |V |Wasu gine-gine sun lalace, kuma mutane 25 sun sami raunuka masu sauƙi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-06 |title=Several Wounded as Magnitude 5.1 Quake Hits Western Iran |url=https://ifpnews.com/several-wounded-as-magnitude-5-1-quake-hits-western-iran |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=Iran Front Page |archive-date=2020-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920052516/https://ifpnews.com/several-wounded-as-magnitude-5-1-quake-hits-western-iran |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - |25 |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – Banda Sea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009b14/executive |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] bakin teku, 205 km arewa maso yammacin [[Saumlaki]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.8 |96.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 215&nbsp;km NNW of Arawa, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009bn4/executive |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]] bakin teku, 215 km arewa maso yammacin [[Arawa, Bougainville|Arawa]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |471.2 |Na biyu | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 3&nbsp;km NNW of Damāvand, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009bxr/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Tehran province|Tehran]], kilomita 3 arewa maso yammacin [[Damavand]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 |V |An haifar da wasu ƙananan lalacewa a babban birnin [[Tehran]]. Wani mutum a Damavand ya mutu daga raunin kai, yayin da wani ya mutu a Tehran daga ciwon zuciya. Wasu 38 sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two killed, 38 injured as earthquake hits northern Iran |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/news/2020/05/08/two-killed-38-injured-as-earthquake-hits-northern-iran |website=Gulf Today}}</ref> |2 |38 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – 175&nbsp;km SSE of Lata, Solomon Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qa8poq/executive |access-date=2020-05-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Santa Cruz Islands|Tsibirin Santa Cruz]] na bakin teku, 175 km kudu maso gabashin [[Lata, Solomon Islands|Lata]]{{Flag|Solomon Islands}}&nbsp; |6.6 |107.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – Monte Cristo Range, NV Earthquake |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nn00725272/executive |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Nevada]], kilomita 33 kudu maso gabashin [[Mina, Nevada|Mina]]{{Flag|United States}}&nbsp; |6.5 |2.7 |Na takwas |  | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 Mine Collapse – 3&nbsp;km SSE of Kiruna, Sweden |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009ja2/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Lapland (Sweden)|Lapland]], kilomita 3 kudu maso kudu maso gabashin [[Kiruna]]{{Flag|Sweden}}&nbsp; |4.9 |1.0 |VII |Wannan shi ne girgizar kasa mafi karfi da ta mamaye [[Sweden]] a cikin shekaru 12. Ya haifar da wasu duwatsu a cikin ma'adinin Kiruna, wanda dole ne a kwashe shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jonassen |first=Trine |title=Earthquake in Kiruna: Most powerful in Sweden in 12 years |url=https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/earthquake-kiruna-most-powerful-sweden-12-years |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=highnorthnews.com |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006012116/https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/earthquake-kiruna-most-powerful-sweden-12-years |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 42&nbsp;km W of Zhaotong, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009jr6/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Yunnan]], kilomita 42 yammacin [[Zhaotong]]{{Flag|China}}&nbsp; |5.1 |10.0 |Na shida |  |4 |28 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 173&nbsp;km ESE of La Playa, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009n5p/executive |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Baja California Sur off, 173 km gabashin kudu maso gabashin [[San José del Cabo]]{{Flag|Mexico}}&nbsp; |6.1 |10.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 14&nbsp;km S of Suklayin, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009nx5/executive |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Central Luzon|Tsakiyar Luzon]], kilomita 14 kudu da [[Baler|Suklayin]]{{Flag|Philippines}}&nbsp; |5.2 |43.5 |Na huɗu |Wani babban kanti da ginin gwamnati sun lalace. Mutum daya ya ji rauni bayan ya fadi a lokacin girgizar kasa. | - |1 |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 – 4&nbsp;km NW of Dogonbadan, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70009pe3/executive |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province|Kohgiluyeh da Boyer-Ahmad]], kilomita 3 arewa maso yammacin [[Dogonbadan]]{{Flag|Iran}}&nbsp; |4.9 |10.0 |Na shida |Babban lalacewa ya faru a cikin garin tarihi na Dehdasht, kuma mutane 16 sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5.2 earthquake hits Iran |url=https://www.poandpo.com/news/52-earthquake-hits-iran |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Post Online Media}}</ref> | - |16 |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 51&nbsp;km WNW of Port-Vila, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us60009zv5/executive |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] bakin teku, kilomita 51 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Port-Vila]]{{Flag|Vanuatu}}&nbsp; |6.2 |9.7 |V | - | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 111&nbsp;km SSE of 'Ohonua, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a0um/executive |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, 'Eua bakin teku, 111 km kudu maso gabashin [['Ohonua]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.0 |10.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |31<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 19&nbsp;km SW of Vilavila, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a316/executive |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Puno District|Puno]], kilomita 19 kudu maso yammacin [[Vilavila District|Vilavila]]{{Flag|Peru}}&nbsp; |6.1 |186.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |- |} === Yuni === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 260px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – 48&nbsp;km SW of San Pedro de Atacama, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a4yi/executive |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]], 48&nbsp;km southwest of [[San Pedro de Atacama]] |6.8 |112.0 |VI |A church collapsed in Camar, Antofagasta and moderate damage was caused in San Pedro de Atacama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gacitua |first=Angela |date=2020-06-03 |title=Derrumbe en histórica iglesia y daños en San Pedro de Atacama tras sismo de magnitud 6.9 |url=https://www.diarioantofagasta.cl/regional/san-pedro-de-atacama/119617/derrumbe-en-historica-iglesia-y-danos-en-san-pedro-de-atacama-tras-sismo-de-magnitud-6-9/ |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=El Diario de Antofagasta |language=es-CL}}</ref> | - | - |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – south of the Fiji Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a532/executive |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Fiji}} offshore, south of the Fiji Islands |6.0 |69.8 | - | - | - | - |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 23&nbsp;km NW of Banda Aceh, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a5jq/executive |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Aceh]] offshore, 23&nbsp;km northwest of [[Banda Aceh]] |4.6 |10.0 |V |Some buildings were damaged in Sabang, with collapsed walls and roofs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-04 |title=Buildings damaged as 4.8-magnitude quake and aftershocks hit Aceh |url=https://coconuts.co/jakarta/news/buildings-damaged-as-4-8-magnitude-quake-and-aftershocks-hit-aceh/ |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=Coconuts Jakarta}}</ref> | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 133&nbsp;km NNE of Tobelo, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a5r3/executive |access-date=2020-06-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[North Maluku]] offshore, 133&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Tobelo]] |6.4 |112.9 |V |More than 300 houses were damaged in Morotai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2020 |title=Sebanyak 312 Rumah Warga Morotai Maluku Utara Rusak Akibat Gempa |url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/sebanyak-312-rumah-warga-morotai-maluku-utara-rusak-akibat-gempa.html |access-date=2020-06-08 |website=merdeka.com |language=id}}</ref> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 25&nbsp;km WSW of Doğanyol, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a6qw/executive |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Malatya Province|Malatya]], 25&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Doğanyol]] |5.1 |10.0 |VI |At least 20 buildings suffered damage in Pütürge following the quake, two of them severely.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armand Vervaeck |date=2020-06-05 |title=Moderate earthquake felt strong in the Diyarbakir region – 20 buildings damaged – Turkey – June 5, 2020 |url=https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/05/moderate-earthquake-turkey-june-5-2020/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606211426/https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/05/moderate-earthquake-turkey-june-5-2020/ |archive-date=2020-06-06 |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=Earthquake-Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 33&nbsp;km WSW of Puerto Casma, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a7ea/executive |access-date=2020-06-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Ancash|Ancash]] offshore, 33&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Casma|Puerto Casma]] |4.5 |57.2 |III |A young man died of a heart attack in a panic during the evacuation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-08 |title=Chimbote: Joven muere por paro cardíaco durante temblor |url=https://diariocorreo.pe/edicion/chimbote/chimbote-joven-muere-por-paro-cardiaco-durante-temblor-942280/ |access-date=2020-06-09 |website=Correo |language=es}}</ref> |1 | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 56&nbsp;km ENE of Mohr, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a8nh/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Fars province|Fars]], 56&nbsp;km northeast of [[Mohr, Fars|Mohr]] |5.7 |10.0 |VII |Eighty buildings were damaged by the earthquake, three of them severely. One person was slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2020 |title=Zwei starke Erdbeben im Iran |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/06/zwei-starke-erdbeben-im-iran/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000a9ik/executive |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}} offshore, 783&nbsp;km west of [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – 130&nbsp;km WNW of Naze, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abcq/executive |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ryukyu Islands]] offshore, 130&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Naze, Kagoshima|Naze]] |6.6 |165.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – Pagan region, Northern Mariana Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abgq/executive |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}, [[Agrihan]] offshore, 420&nbsp;km north of [[Saipan]] |6.2 |622.0 |II | - | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 14&nbsp;km E of Yedisu, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abnv/executive |access-date=2020-06-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Bingöl Province|Bingöl]], 14&nbsp;km east of [[Yedisu]] |5.9 |10.0 |VII |  |1 |35 |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 9&nbsp;km N of Bhach?u, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000abp7/executive |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|India}}, [[Gujarat]], 9&nbsp;km north of [[Bhachau]] |5.1 |10.0 |VI |Cracks appeared on some houses in Chotila, while in Bhachau, the roof of a building collapsed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2020 |title=ગુજરાતની ધરા ધ્રુજી : 5.5 તીવ્રતાનો ભૂકંપ આવતા લોકો ઘરની બહાર આવી ગયા, એપી સેન્ટર કચ્છમાં |url=https://www.gstv.in/earthquake-tremors-were-felt-in-gujarat-gujarati-news/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=GSTV |language=gu }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ગુજરાત 5.3ની તીવ્રતાના ભૂકંપથી ધૂ્રજ્યું : કચ્છમાં એપીસેન્ટર |url=https://www.gujaratsamachar.com/news/national/5-3-magnitude-earthquake-shakes-gujarat-ap-center-in-kutch |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=gujaratsamachar.com |language=gu}}</ref> | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 100&nbsp;km NNE of Phôngsali, Laos |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000acn0/executive |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vietnam}}, [[Lai Châu Province|Lai Châu]], 100&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Phongsali|Phôngsali]], [[Laos]] |4.5 |10.0 |V |In Lai Châu, a ceiling in a nursery school partially collapsed and fell on a group of children who were sleeping when the quake hit. Four of them suffered minor injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armand Vervaeck |date=2020-06-16 |title=Earthquake felt in Vietnam-Laos-Yunnan border region – 4 children injured – June 16, 2020 |url=https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/16/moderate-earthquake-vietnam-june-16-2020/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616221123/https://earthquake-report.com/2020/06/16/moderate-earthquake-vietnam-june-16-2020/ |archive-date=2020-06-16 |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=Earthquake-Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | - |4 |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.4 – south of the Kermadec Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ae4n/executive |access-date=2020-06-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|New Zealand}}, [[Kermadec Islands]] offshore, 683&nbsp;km northeast of [[Ōpōtiki]] |7.4 |10.0 |VII |A tsunami warning was issued, then cancelled, with waves of {{Convert|12|cm}} hitting [[Korotiti Bay]], Great Barrier Island.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event: NEW ZEALAND |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5750 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-18 |title=7.4 magnitude earthquake overnight felt across New Zealand |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/300037999/74-magnitude-earthquake-overnight-felt-across-new-zealand |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 27&nbsp;km NNE of Siglufjörður, Iceland |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ag18/executive |access-date=2020-06-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iceland}}, [[Northeastern Region (Iceland)|Northeastern region]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Siglufjörður]] |6.0 |10.0 |V | - | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 22&nbsp;km E of North Vanlaiphai, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ag4u/executive |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|India}}, [[Mizoram]], 22&nbsp;km east of [[North Vanlaiphai]] |5.6 |10.8 |VII |Several buildings and a church were damaged in Champhai district.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-22 |title=Church, buildings damaged in earthquake in Mizoram |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/church-buildings-damaged-in-earthquake-in-mizoram-852286.html |access-date=2020-06-22 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 97&nbsp;km SE of Gorontalo, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ah1z/executive |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Gorontalo]] offshore, 97&nbsp;km southeast of [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]] |6.0 |109.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-23 |title=M 7.4 – 9&nbsp;km SE of Santa María Xadani, Mexico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ah9t/executive |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Oaxaca]], 9&nbsp;km southeast of [[Santa María Xadani]] |7.4 |20.0 |IX |  |10 |23 |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=M 5.8 – 18&nbsp;km SSE of Lone Pine, CA |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci39493944/executive |access-date=12 December 2021 |website=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[California]], 18&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Lone Pine, California|Lone Pine]] |5.8 |4.7 |VIII |The earthquake triggered rockslides near the main parking lot in Whitney Portal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=UPDATE: Eastern Sierra Shaken By 5.8 Magnitude Earthquake; Triggers Mt. Whitney Landslide |url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/06/24/eastern-sierra-shaken-by-5-8-magnitude-earthquake-near-lone-pine/ |access-date=12 December 2021 |website=CBS San Francisco |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2020 |title=M 5.9 – 36&nbsp;km SE of Hasaki, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aabt/executive |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=United States Geological Survey}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Chiba Prefecture|Chiba]] offshore, 36&nbsp;km southeast of [[Hasaki, Ibaraki|Hasaki]] |5.9 |29.1 |V |Two people were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=千葉県東方沖を震源とする地震による被害及び 消防機関等の対応状況(第６報) |trans-title=Damage caused by an earthquake centered off the east coast of Chiba Prefecture and Response status of fire departments (6th report) |url=https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/chibakentouhouokijishin6.pdf |access-date=4 August 2022 |website=fdma.go.jp |language=ja}}</ref> | - |2 |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 14&nbsp;km SSW of Özalp, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aavx/executive |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Van Province|Van]], 14&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Özalp, Van|Özalp]] |5.4 |10.0 |VI |Around 15 houses sustained damage, and five people were hospitalized with light injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5.4-magnitude earthquake hits eastern Turkey; 5 injured |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/moderately-strong-earthquake-hits-eastern-turkey-71444635 |access-date=2020-06-25 |publisher=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> | - |5 |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 278&nbsp;km SE of Hotan, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000abmk/executive |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|China}}, [[Tibet]], 278&nbsp;km southeast of [[Hotan]] |6.3 |10.0 |VIII | - | - | - |- |} === Yuli === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 9&nbsp;km SSE of La Parguera, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020185017/executive |access-date=2020-07-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Lajas bakin teku, kilomita 9 kudu maso gabashin [[Lajas, Puerto Rico|La Parguera]]{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}&nbsp; |5.3 |3.0 |Na shida |  | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 47&nbsp;km E of Rasht, Tajikistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ahv9/executive |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Districts under Central Government Jurisdiction|Gundumomi a karkashin ikon Gwamnatin Tsakiya]], kilomita 47 gabashin [[Rasht District|Rasht]]{{Flag|Tajikistan}}&nbsp; |5.4 |10.0 |Na shida |Gidaje da yawa sun lalace a Gundumar Tojikobod, gami da akalla goma a ƙauyen Shrinchashma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saturday's quake reportedly partially damages dozens of residential building in Tojikbod district |url=https://asiaplustj.info/en/news/tajikistan/security/20200707/saturdays-quake-reportedly-partially-damages-dozens-of-residential-building-in-tojikbod-district |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=Asiaplus.tj |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 257&nbsp;km N of Fais, Micronesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aixy/executive |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Yap]] bakin teku, kilomita 257 arewacin Fais{{Flag|Micronesia}}&nbsp;[[Fais Island|Yi]] |6.2 |10.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – Java Sea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aj3w/executive |access-date=2020-07-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Java]] bakin teku, kilomita 98 arewacin [[Batang, Batang|Batang]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.6 |533.8 |Na biyu |Wasu gidaje sun lalace a ƙauyen Raguklampitan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2020 |title=Schweres Erdbeben erschüttert Java |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/07/schweres-erdbeben-erschuettert-java-2/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 1&nbsp;km ENE of Zhaogezhuang, China |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000am2b/executive |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Hebei]], 1 km gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Zhaogezhuang]]{{Flag|China}}&nbsp; |4.8 |10.0 |Na shida |An samu raguwa a cikin tsoffin gine-gine kuma an dakatar da ayyukan jirgin kasa. | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – 114&nbsp;km NNW of Popondetta, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aq3e/executive |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Oro bakin teku, kilomita 114 arewa maso yammacin [[Popondetta]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |7.0 |73.0 |VII |An bayar da gargadi na tsunami. Gidaje da yawa sun lalace kuma wasu sun rushe a Gundumar Sohe. Wata mace ta mutu ta hanyar rushewar ƙasa kuma wani ya ji rauni lokacin da gidanta ya rushe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=National |first=The |date=2020-07-20 |title=Quake kills one |url=https://www.thenational.com.pg/quake-kills-one/ |access-date=2020-07-20 |website=The National |language=en-US}}</ref> |1 |1 |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.9 – 3&nbsp;km SE of Iquique, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aq5p/executive |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]], kilomita 3 kudu maso gabashin Iquique{{Flag|Chile}}&nbsp;[[Iquique|Rashin hankali]] |5.9 |73.6 |VII |An lura da katsewar wutar lantarki da dutsen dutse a Pica.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-17 |title=Sismo de mediana magnitud se registra en el norte del país |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-tarapaca/2020/07/17/sismo-mediana-intensidad-se-registra-norte-del-pais.shtml |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=BioBioChile |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 239&nbsp;km E of Port Blair, India |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000aqaw/executive |access-date=2020-07-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Andaman Islands|Tsibirin Andaman]] a bakin teku, kilomita 239 a gabashin Port Blair{{Flag|India}}&nbsp;[[Port Blair|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Blair]] |6.1 |10.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 141&nbsp;km ENE of Hihifo, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qdo8ij/executive |access-date=2020-07-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Niuatoputapu]] bakin teku, 141 km gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Hihifo]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.1 |12.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Fiji region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000asms/executive |access-date=2020-07-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Lau Province|Lau]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Fiji}} |6.0 |605.2 | - | - | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.8 – 99&nbsp;km SSE of Perryville, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000asvb/executive |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Amurka, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, kilomita 99 kudu maso gabashin [[Perryville, Alaska|Perryville]]{{Flagicon|United States}}&nbsp; |7.8 |28.0 |VII |  | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 101&nbsp;km ESE of Sand Point, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000asx4/executive |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |language=en}}</ref> |Amurka, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, 101 km gabashin kudu maso gabashin Sand Point{{Flagicon|United States}}&nbsp;[[Sand Point, Alaska|Yankin Yashi]] |6.1 |16.5 |Na shida |Ya kasance girgizar kasa ta 7.8 'yan mintoci kaɗan kafin. | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – western Xizang |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b26j/executive |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]]{{Flag|China}} |6.3 |10.0 |VII |Gine-gine goma sha huɗu sun lalace a girgizar kasa. Har ila yau, an yi lalacewar gine-gine takwas da ba a zaune ba da kuma gine-ginen jama'a guda biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2020 |title=Schweres Erdbeben in Tibet: Dutzende Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/07/schweres-erdbeben-in-tibet-dutzende-gebaeude-beschaedigt/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – South Sandwich Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b46r/executive |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |[[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands|Tsibirin Sandwich na Kudu]] a bakin teku, yankin Tsibirin Sandwiches na Kudu{{Flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} |6.4 |10.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.9 – ~120km W of Hanoi, Vietnam |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b4kv/executive |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Sơn La Province|Sơn La]], kilomita 120 a yammacin [[Hanoi]]{{Flag|Vietnam}}&nbsp; |4.9 |10.0 |Na shida |Akalla gine-gine 126 sun lalace a garuruwa biyar kusa da cibiyar, kuma wasu sun rushe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Armand Vervaeck |date=2020-07-27 |title=Moderate earthquake in northern Vietnam – More than 100 buildings damaged – July 27, 2020 |url=https://earthquake-report.com/2020/07/27/moderate-earthquake-laos-july-27-2020/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823181841/https://earthquake-report.com/2020/07/27/moderate-earthquake-laos-july-27-2020/ |archive-date=23 August 2020 |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Earthquake-Report.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 3&nbsp;km N of La Paz, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b4ug/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Caraga]], kilomita 3 a arewacin La Paz{{Flag|Philippines}}&nbsp;[[Bayabas|Zaman Lafiya]] |5.8 |43.4 |V |A Talacogon, bango na ginin zama ya rushe. A San Francisco, rufin wani mall ya fadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2020 |title=Schäden nach starkem Erdbeben auf den Philippinen |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/07/starkes-erdbeben-erschuettert-philippinen/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 75&nbsp;km SW of Sand Point, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b56k/executive |access-date=2020-07-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Amurka, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, kilomita 75 kudu maso yammacin Sand Point{{Flagicon|United States}}&nbsp;[[Sand Point, Alaska|Yankin Yashi]] |6.1 |35.2 |V |Ya kasance girgizar kasa ta 7.8 a ranar 22 ga Yuli. | - | - |} === Agusta ===   [[Fayil:Cataingan_Port_damage_-_2020_Masbate_Earthquake_06.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Lalacewar tashar jiragen ruwa a Cataingan bayan mummunar Girgizar kasa ta Masbate.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 11&nbsp;km SW of Polloc, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b80p/executive |access-date=2020-08-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Bangsamoro]] offshore, 11&nbsp;km southwest of [[Parang|Polloc]] |6.4 |483.0 |III | - | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 199&nbsp;km SE of Lorengau, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b84f/executive |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=earthquake. usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} offshore, [[Bismarck Sea]], 199&nbsp;km southeast of [[Lorengau]] |6.1 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 18&nbsp;km NNE of Sincik, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b930/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Adiyaman Province|Adiyaman]], 18&nbsp;km northeast of [[Sincik]] |5.6 |10.0 |VII |Around five houses were destroyed in Malatya.<ref name="TURKEY">{{Cite web |date=4 August 2020 |title=Starkes Nachbeben im Osten der Türkei beschädigt zahlreiche Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/08/starkes-nachbeben-im-osten-der-tuerkei-2/ |language=de}}</ref> It was an aftershock of the 2020 Elazig earthquake.<ref name="TURKEY" /> | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 69&nbsp;km E of Lakatoro, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000b9mv/executive |access-date=2020-08-05 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Malampa Province|Malampa]] offshore, 69&nbsp;km east of [[Lakatoro]] |6.4 |181.9 |IV | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – Prince Edward Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000badi/executive |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|South Africa}} offshore, [[Prince Edward Islands]] region |6.3 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 2&nbsp;km SSE of Magas Arriba, Puerto Rico |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pr2020220000/executive |access-date=2020-08-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}, [[Guayanilla, Puerto Rico|Guayanilla]], 2&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Magas Arriba]] |4.8 |12.0 |VI |  | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.0 – 3&nbsp;km NNE of Sidi Mérouane, Algeria |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bag6/executive |access-date=2020-08-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Algeria}}, [[Mila Province|Mila]], 3&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Sidi Merouane]] |5.0 |10.0 |VII |At least three homes were completely destroyed, and 31 residential buildings and a road suffered minor damage. No injuries were reported.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quake Causes Panic, Damages Homes in Eastern Algeria |url=https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2435551/quake-causes-panic-damages-homes-eastern-algeria |access-date=2020-07-27 |website=Asharq Al-Awsat |language=en-US}}</ref> | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 3&nbsp;km SSE of Be?endik, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bas2/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Siirt Province|Siirt]], 3&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Beğendik, Siirt|Beğendik]] |4.8 |15.1 |– |There were reports of cracks on walls of some masonry houses in Hizan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Başkan Aktaş, deprem sonrası muhtarlarla görüştü |url=http://beyazgazete.com/video/webtv/guncel-1/baskan-aktas-deprem-sonrasi-muhtarlarla-gorustu-855643.html |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=[[Beyaz Gazete]] |language=tr}}</ref> | - | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 4&nbsp;km SE of Sparta, North Carolina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/se60324281/executive |access-date=2020-08-09 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[North Carolina]], 4&nbsp;km southeast of [[Sparta, North Carolina|Sparta]] |5.1 |4.1 |VII |  | - |1 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 66&nbsp;km NNE of Kilindoni, Tanzania |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bdg8/executive |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Tanzania}}, [[Pwani Region|Pwani]] offshore, 66&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Kilindoni]] |6.0 |17.6 |V |Some damage, like cracked walls and broken windows, were reported in some buildings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-14 |title=An earthquake shook Tanzania. A new law prohibits citizens from speaking about it online. |url=https://globalvoices.org/2020/08/14/an-earthquake-shook-tanzania-a-new-law-prohibits-citizens-from-speaking-about-it-online/ |website=[[Global Voices]]}}</ref> | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 57&nbsp;km SSW of Surab, Pakistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bdq8/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Pakistan}}, [[Balochistan]], 57&nbsp;km southwest of [[Surab, Pakistan|Surab]] |5.6 |14.0 |VI |Around 300 houses were destroyed in the earthquake, affecting around 700 people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=Pakistan-Erdbeben zerstört hunderte Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/08/pakistan-erdbeben-zerstoert-hunderte-gebaeude/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.6 – 13&nbsp;km E of San Pedro, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bgbr/ |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Eastern Visayas]] offshore, 13&nbsp;km east of [[Cataingan|San Pedro]] |6.6 |10.0 |VIII |  |2 |170 |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – 138&nbsp;km WSW of Bengkulu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bgvl/executive |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=earthquake. usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Sumatra]] offshore, 138&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Bengkulu]] |6.8 |22.0 |IV | rowspan="2" |This pair of similarly sized earthquakes in a few minutes can be considered as a doublet earthquake. | - | - |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.9 – 122&nbsp;km WSW of Bengkulu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bgvu/executive |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=earthquake. usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Sumatra]] offshore, 122&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Bengkulu]] |6.9 |26.0 |IV | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.9 – 222&nbsp;km SSE of Katabu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000bi4p/executive |access-date=2020-08-21 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}} offshore, [[Banda Sea]], 222&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Katabu]] |6.9 |624.0 |III | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 4&nbsp;km SSW of Jacó, Costa Rica |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bcbv/executive |access-date=2020-08-24 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Costa Rica}}, [[Puntarenas Province|Puntarenas]], 4&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Jacó, Costa Rica|Jacó]] |6.0 |20.0 |V | - | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 141&nbsp;km SSW of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bctq/executive |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]], 141&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Kokopo]] |6.0 |23.0 |VI | rowspan="2" |This pair of similarly sized earthquakes in a few minutes can be considered as a doublet earthquake. | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 141&nbsp;km SSW of Kokopo, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bcty/executive |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]], 141&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Kokopo]] |6.2 |22.0 |VI | - | - |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.0 – 26&nbsp;km N of D?mgh?n, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bev6/executive |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Semnan province|Semnan]], 26&nbsp;km north of [[Damghan]] |4.0 |10.0 |IV |No damage was reported, but one person died of a heart attack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Iran: Erdbeben in Semnan fordert Todesopfer |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/08/erdbeben-in-semnan-fordert-todesopfer/ |language=de}}</ref> |1 | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 3&nbsp;km WSW of Mutuípe, Brazil |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bf08/executive |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Brazil}}, [[Bahia]], 6&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Mutuípe]] |4.6 |10.0 |VI |It was the strongest earthquake in the state of Bahia in the last 30 years. At least 22 houses were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Line |first=A. TARDE On |date=30 August 2020 |title=Codesal registra mais de 20 ocorrências relacionadas ao tremor de terra em Salvador |url=http://www.atarde.com.br/bahia/salvador/noticias/2137417-codesal-registra-mais-de-20-ocorrencias-relacionadas-ao-tremor-de-terra-em-salvador |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216044935/http://atarde.uol.com.br/bahia/salvador/noticias/2137417-codesal-registra-mais-de-20-ocorrencias-relacionadas-ao-tremor-de-terra-em-salvador |archive-date=16 December 2020 |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=Portal A TARDE |language=pt-br}}</ref> | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bf3k/executive |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |6.5 |10.0 |V | - | - | - |- |31<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – Chagos Archipelago region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bfbx/executive |access-date=2020-08-31 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} offshore, [[Chagos Archipelago]] region |6.1 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |} === Satumba === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 385px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.8 – 86&nbsp;km NW of Vallenar, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bfjr/executive |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] offshore, 86&nbsp;km northwest of [[Vallenar]] |6.8 |21.0 |VII |Some damage was observed in the city of Copiapó, near the epicenter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robles |first=Carlos |date=2020-09-01 |title=Fuerte sismo en el norte de Chile causa algunos daños |url=https://bnonews.es/index.php/2020/09/fuerte-sismo-se-registra-en-chile-2/ |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=BNO Noticias |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 78&nbsp;km NW of Vallenar, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bfjx/executive |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] offshore, 78&nbsp;km northwest of Vallenar |6.3 |16.2 |VI |It was an aftershock of the 6.8 quake one hour earlier. | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.5 – 94&nbsp;km NW of Vallenar, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bg4v/executive |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Atacama Region|Atacama]] offshore, 94&nbsp;km northwest of Vallenar |6.5 |16.0 |VI |It was an aftershock of the 6.8 quake a few hours earlier. | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 2&nbsp;km NW of Fukui-shi, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bhk5/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Fukui Prefecture|Fukui]], 2&nbsp;km northwest of [[Fukui (city)|Fukui-shi]] |4.6 |10.0 |V |Some damage was caused, and 13 people sustained minor injuries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NEWS |first=KYODO |title=13 hurt after M5.0 quake hits central Japan |url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/09/5705cabdb7e0-11-hurt-after-m50-quake-in-central-japan.html |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=Kyodo News+}}</ref> | - |13 |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.0 – NEAR COAST OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA – 2020-09-04 18:11:54 UTC |url=https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=890214 |access-date=2022-05-01 |website=emsc-csem.org}}</ref> |{{Flag|India}}, [[Maharashtra]] |4.0 |5.0 | - |At least one house collapsed and several others were damaged in Palghar district.<ref name="INDIA">{{Cite web |date=5 September 2020 |title=Erneut Erdbebenserie in Palghar: Mehrere Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erneut-erdbebenserie-in-palghar-mehrere-gebaeude-beschaedigt/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 40&nbsp;km NW of Ovalle, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000biqb/executive |access-date=2020-09-05 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Coquimbo Region|Coquimbo]], 40&nbsp;km northwest of [[Ovalle]] |6.3 |30.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 104&nbsp;km NW of Port-Vila, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20250002/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] offshore, 104&nbsp;km northwest of [[Port Vila|Port-Vila]] |6.2 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.7 – central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20250004/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |6.7 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 17&nbsp;km E of Talagutong, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20250007/executive |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Davao Region|Davao]] offshore, 25&nbsp;km east of [[Don Marcelino|Talagutong]] |6.3 |120.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 13&nbsp;km SSW of Āzādshahr, Iran |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bj2i/executive |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Golestan province|Golestan]], 13&nbsp;km south southwest of [[Azadshahr]] |5.3 |10.0 |VI |The quake caused damage to 50 houses in the region. At least 34 people were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-07 |title=34 injured in Iran earthquake |url=https://www.siasat.com/34-injured-in-iran-earthquake-1967632/ |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> | - |34 |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 72&nbsp;km NNE of Port-Vila, Vanuatu |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bj6y/executive |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] offshore, 72&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Port Vila|Port-Vila]] |6.2 |10.0 |VI |It was an aftershock of the 6.2 quake the day before. | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 188&nbsp;km SE of Sarangani, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bk82/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Talaud Islands]] offhsore, 188&nbsp;km southeast of [[Sarangani]], [[Filipin|Philippines]] |5.7 |17.0 |V |At least 27 homes and four religious buildings suffered minor damage, and some walls collapsed. Two people were injured by falling debris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2020 |title=Starke Erdbebenserie im Norden von Indonesien: Zwei Verletzte |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/starke-erdbebenserie-im-norden-von-indonesien-zwei-verletzte/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |2 |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 82&nbsp;km NNE of Tocopilla, Chile, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000blm2/executive |access-date=2020-09-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]], 82&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Tocopilla]] |6.2 |51.0 |VII |Some houses were damaged, and one person was slightly injured.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-11 |title=Más de una treintena de replicas se han registrado durante el día de hoy en cercanías de Quillagua |url=https://www.24horas.cl/regiones/antofagasta/mas-de-una-treintena-de-replicas-se-han-registrado-durante-el-dia-de-hoy-en-cercanias-de-quillagua-4446696 |access-date=2020-09-12 |website=24Horas.cl |language=es}}</ref> | - |1 |- |12<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 58&nbsp;km SE of Ōfunato, Japan, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bm9m/executive |access-date=2020-09-12 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]] offshore, 58&nbsp;km southeast of [[Ōfunato]] |6.1 |34.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |13<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 76&nbsp;km NNE of Mamuju, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bmqx/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Sulawesi]], 76&nbsp;km northeast of [[Mamuju (city)|Mamuju]] |4.8 |25.6 | - |Some houses were destroyed, and several people were injured by falling debris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2020 |title=Erdbeben erschüttert West-Sulawesi: Mehrere Verletzte und zerstörte Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-erschuettert-west-sulawesi-mehrere-verletzte-und-zerstoerte-gebaeude/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |Several |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 21&nbsp;km WNW of Esso, Russia, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bnd1/executive |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kamchatka Krai|Kamchatka]], 21&nbsp;km west of [[Esso (village)|Esso]] |6.4 |344.0 |III | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 14&nbsp;km SSW of Kodari, Nepal |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bnsh/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Nepal}}, [[Bagmati]], 14&nbsp;km southwest of [[Kodari]] |5.3 |10.0 |V |Several houses collapsed in the [[Kathmandu]] area, and one person was injured after fleeing in panic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2020 |title=Erdbeben erschüttert Nepal: Mindestens ein Verletzter |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-erschuettert-nepal-2/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.9 – central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000bq10/executive |access-date=2020-09-18 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge |6.9 |10.0 |III | - | - | - |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 3&nbsp;km WSW of South El Monte, CA |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/ci38695658/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[California]], 3&nbsp;km southwest of [[South El Monte]] |4.5 |16.9 |VI |Some damage was observed in [[Los Angeles]], such as cracks in walls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2020 |title=Erdbeben erschüttert Los Angeles – Mehrere Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-erschuettert-los-angeles-3/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 – 88&nbsp;km SSW of Serdar, Turkmenistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c1ix/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}, [[Balkan Province|Balkan]], 88&nbsp;km southwest of [[Serdar (city)|Serdar]] |5.2 |10.0 |III |Eighty homes were damaged and power outages occurred in Northern [[Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2020 |title=Golestan: Erdbeben in Grenzregion beschädigt mindestens 80 Gebäude |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/09/erdbeben-golestan-turkmenistan/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |26<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – south of Africa |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c1np/executive |access-date=2020-09-26 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |south of [[Afirka|Africa]] |6.1 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |} === Oktoba ===   [[Fayil:2020_Aegean_Sea_earthquake_search_and_rescue_efforts.jpg|left|thumb|270x270px|Masu ceto suna bincika cikin rushewar wani ɗakin da ya rushe bayan girgizar kasa ta Aegean Sea ta 2020.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 265px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.4 – 3&nbsp;km NNE of Huarte-Uharte, Spain |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c3hi/executive |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Navarre]], kilomita 3 arewa maso gabashin [[Huarte|Huarte-Uharte]]{{Flag|Spain}}&nbsp; |4.4 |10.0 |Na huɗu |Wasu gidaje sun sami ɗan lalacewa a Pamplona, kamar tsagewa a bangon ko fashewar windows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiménez |first=Andrea |date=2020-10-01 |title=Las imágenes más impactantes del extraño terremoto en Pamplona |url=https://www.esdiario.com/342200734/las-imagenes-mas-impactantes-del-extrano-terremoto-en-Pamplona.html |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=www.[[esdiario.com]] |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027211755/https://www.esdiario.com/342200734/las-imagenes-mas-impactantes-del-extrano-terremoto-en-Pamplona.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 39&nbsp;km NE of Pangai, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt20275000/executive |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Ha'apai bakin teku, kilomita 39 arewa maso gabashin [[Pangai]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.4 |28.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 100&nbsp;km WNW of Kandrian, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c3td/executive |access-date=2020-10-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West New Britain Province|Yammacin New Britain]], 100 km yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Kandrian]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.1 |74.0 |V | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 40&nbsp;km ENE of Kainantu, Papua New Guinea |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c6mu/executive |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, Gabashin Highlands, kilomita 40 gabashin arewa maso gabashin [[Kainantu]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}&nbsp; |6.3 |106.0 |V | - | - | - |- |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 1&nbsp;km S of Artyshta, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c90v/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Kemerovo Oblast]], 1 km kudu da [[Artyshta]]{{Flag|Russia}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 |V |Wannan karamin girgizar kasa ya haifar da rushewar ma'adinai a Sheregesh. Masu hakar ma'adinai biyu sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=Russland: Zwei Verletzte bei Erdbeben in Kemerowo |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/10/russland-zwei-verletzte-bei-erdbeben-in-kemerowo/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |2 |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.6, 99&nbsp;km SE of Sand Point, Alaska |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000c9hg/executive |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, kilomita 99 kudu maso gabashin Sand Point{{Flag|United States}}&nbsp;[[Sand Point, Alaska|Yankin Yashi]] |7.6 |28.4 |VII |  | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – south of the Fiji Islands |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000cbx8/executive}}</ref> | a bakin teku, kudancin [[Fiji|Tsibirin Fiji]]{{Flag|Fiji}} |6.1 |454.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |25<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 72&nbsp;km SSW of Kawalu, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000cctq/executive |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Java|Yammacin Java]] bakin teku, kilomita 72 kudu maso yammacin [[Kawalu]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |5.4 |43.0 |Na huɗu |Kimanin gidaje goma sun sami lalacewa, kuma mutane uku sun sami ƙananan raunuka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-25 |title=Puluhan Rumah Rusak, 3 Orang Luka Akibat Gempa Pangandaran |url=https://republika.co.id/share/qir9yf382 |access-date=2020-10-25 |website=Republika Online |language=id}}</ref> | - |3 |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 54&nbsp;km NNE of Mamuju, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c6e1/executive |access-date=2020-10-28 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Sulawesi|Yammacin Sulawesi]] bakin teku, kilomita 54 arewa maso gabashin [[Mamuju Regency|Mamuju]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |5.4 |22.0 |Na shida |Gidaje daban-daban sun lalace a Mamuju Regency. An kashe wata mace mai ciki bayan ta fadi cikin tsoro a lokacin girgizar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Febriady |first=Abdy |title=Ibu Hamil di Mamuju Tewas Akibat Gempa M 5,3, Korban Terjatuh karena Panik |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5231859/ibu-hamil-di-mamuju-tewas-akibat-gempa-m-53-korban-terjatuh-karena-panik |access-date=2020-10-28 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101093126/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5231859/ibu-hamil-di-mamuju-tewas-akibat-gempa-m-53-korban-terjatuh-karena-panik |url-status=dead }}</ref> |1 | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 8&nbsp;km NW of Tercan, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c6pg/executive |access-date=2022-05-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Erzincan Province|Erzincan]], kilomita 8 arewa maso yammacin [[Tercan]]{{Flag|Turkey}}&nbsp; |4.5 |10.0 | - |Akalla gidaje 23 sun lalace a Çayırlı da Tercan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2020 |title=Erdbeben in der Türkei: 23 Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/10/erdbeben-in-der-tuerkei-23-gebaeude-beschaedigt/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 7.0 – 13&nbsp;km NNE of Néon Karlovásion, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c7y0/executive |website=US Geological Survey}}</ref> |, [[North Aegean|Arewacin Aegean]] bakin teku, kilomita 13 arewa maso gabashin [[Néon Karlovásion|Neon Karlovásion]]{{Flag|Greece}}&nbsp; |7.0 |21.0 |Na takwas <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kemal Onder Cetin |last2=George Mylonakis |last3=Anastasios Sextos |last4=Jonathan Paul Stewart |date=31 December 2020 |title=Seismological and Engineering Effects of the M 7.0 Samos Island (Aegean Sea) Earthquake |url=http://learningfromearthquakes.org/images/earthquakes/2020_Samos_Greece_Izmir_Turkey/Samos_Island_Earthquake_Final_Report.pdf |journal=Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance Association |volume=GEER-069 |doi=10.18118/G6H088 |access-date=23 September 2021 |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005044443/http://learningfromearthquakes.org/images/earthquakes/2020_Samos_Greece_Izmir_Turkey/Samos_Island_Earthquake_Final_Report.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |  |119 |1,053 |} === Nuwamba ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 400px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.6 – 2&nbsp;km NE of Starigrad, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c8yb/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Zadar County|Zadar]], kilomita 2 arewa maso gabashin [[Starigrad, Zadar County|Starigrad]]{{Flag|Croatia}}&nbsp; |4.6 |10.0 |Na shida |Akwai lokuta biyu na rushewar bango a Vir. An kuma lura da rushewar ƙasa a Paklenica . <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben in Kroatien – Epizentrum nahe Zadar – Mehrere Gebäude beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/11/starkes-erdbeben-in-kroatien-epizentrum-nahe-zadar/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |3<ref>{{Cite web |title=Off the coast of Aisen, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000c9jz/executive |website=US Geological Survey}}</ref> |, [[Aysén Region|Aysén]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Chile}} |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |7<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.2 – 83&nbsp;km NNE of Hihifo, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cbr2/executive |website=US Geological Survey}}</ref> |, [[Niuatoputapu]] bakin teku, kilomita 83 arewa maso gabashin [[Hihifo]]{{Flag|Tonga}}&nbsp; |6.2 |34.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |8<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 3.6 – 10&nbsp;km S of Bliss Corner, Massachusetts |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cc4d/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Massachusetts]], kilomita 10 kudu da Bliss Corner{{Flag|United States}}&nbsp;[[Bliss Corner, Massachusetts|Gidan farin ciki]] |3.6 |10.0 |V |An lura da ƙananan lalacewa, kamar tsagewa a cikin ganuwar da kuma rugujewar bututun wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=USA: Erdbeben erschüttert Neuengland-Staaten – Dutzende Häuser beschädigt |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/11/usa-erdbeben-erschuettert-neuengland-staaten/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |11<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 291&nbsp;km WNW of Haveluloto, Tonga |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cd6e/executive |website=USGS}}</ref> |, [[Lau Province|Lau]] bakin teku, kilomita 291 yammacin arewa maso yammacin [[Haveluloto]], [[Tonga]]{{Flag|Fiji}}&nbsp; |6.0 |417.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 5&nbsp;km S of Marihatag, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cfes/executive |access-date=2020-11-16 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Caraga]] a bakin teku, kilomita 5 a kudancin [[Marihatag]]{{Flag|Philippines}}&nbsp; |6.0 |43.0 |V |An lura da wasu ƙananan lalacewa a Caraga, kamar tsagewa a bangon.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruz |first=Alexander |title=Magnitude 6 tremor causes minor damage in Caraga |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1121947 |access-date=2020-11-16 |website=pna.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 222&nbsp;km SSW of Padang, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cfxq/executive |access-date=2021-12-03 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[West Sumatra|Yammacin Sumatra]] a bakin teku, kilomita 222 kudu maso yammacin [[Padang]]{{Flag|Indonesia}}&nbsp; |6.0 |19.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 100&nbsp;km NW of Constitución, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000crcq/executive |website=USGS}}</ref> |, [[Maule Region|Maule]] bakin teku, kilomita 100 arewa maso yammacin Constitución{{Flag|Chile}}&nbsp;[[Constitución, Chile|Tsarin Mulki]] |6.1 |22.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.1 – 24&nbsp;km WSW of Azzaba, Algeria |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000crds/executive |access-date=2020-11-22 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Skikda Province|Skikda]], kilomita 24 yammacin kudu maso yammacin [[Azzaba, Algeria|Azzaba]]{{Flag|Algeria}}&nbsp; |5.1 |10.0 |Na shida |Wasu gidaje sun lalace a El Harrouch da Aïn Bouziane, gami da asibiti. Mutane da yawa sun ji rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2020 |title=Algérie : Les premiers dégâts du séisme de Skikda connus |url=https://www.observalgerie.com/algerie-les-premiers-degats-du-seisme-de-skikda-connus/2020/ |access-date=2020-11-22 |website=Observ'Algérie |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2020 |title=Starkes Erdbeben erschüttert Algerien |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/11/starkes-erdbeben-erschuettert-algerien/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |Da yawa |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.8 – 33&nbsp;km E of Humahuaca, Argentina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ckx5/executive |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Salta Province|Salta]], kilomita 33 a gabashin [[Humahuaca]]{{Flag|Argentina}}&nbsp; |5.8 |8.0 |Na shida |Girgizar kasa ta haifar da rushewar duwatsu a wannan yankin dutse. A [[Caspalá]], gidaje daban-daban na ado sun lalace sosai, kuma wasu sun rushe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=mr3 |date=2020-11-29 |title=Un sismo de 5.9 de magnitud se sintió en Salta y Jujuy |url=https://radio3cadenapatagonia.com.ar/un-sismo-de-5-9-de-magnitud-se-sintio-en-salta-y-jujuy/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Radio 3 Cadena Patagonia |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Impactantes imágenes de los daños que causó el sismo en Caspalá |url=https://www.somosjujuy.com.ar/jujuy/jujuy-ahora/213216-impactantes-imagenes-de-los-danos-que-causo-el-sismo-en-caspala |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=SOMOS JUJUY |language=es |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130142948/https://www.somosjujuy.com.ar/jujuy/jujuy-ahora/213216-impactantes-imagenes-de-los-danos-que-causo-el-sismo-en-caspala |url-status=dead }}</ref> | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 88&nbsp;km SSE of Sovetskaya Gavan', Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clbu/executive |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Khabarovsk Krai|Khabarovsk]] bakin teku, kilomita 88 kudu maso gabashin [[Sovetskaya Gavan|Sovetskaya Gavan']]{{Flag|Russia}}&nbsp; |6.4 |589.0 |Na biyu | - | - | - |- |30<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 71&nbsp;km W of San Antonio de los Cobres, Argentina |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clbs/executive |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |, [[Salta Province|Salta]], kilomita 71 yammacin [[San Antonio de los Cobres]]{{Flag|Argentina}}&nbsp; |6.3 |189.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |} === Disamba ===   [[Fayil:Poničená_staniční_budova.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Ginin tashar da ya lalace a [[Sisak]], [[Kroatiya|Croatia]].]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 280px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clnv/executive |access-date=2020-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, [[Aleutian Islands]], 46&nbsp;km east southeast of [[Nikolski, Alaska|Nikolski]] |6.4 |23.0 |VII | - | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 2&nbsp;km W of Árma, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cm2t/executive |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Greece}}, [[Thiva]], 2&nbsp;km west of [[Thiva|Árma]] |4.5 |10.0 |VI |A cemetery was completely destroyed in the village of Kallithea, while in the same village a displacement of 6&nbsp;cm was observed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ισχυρός σεισμός στην Θήβα-Ταρακούνησε και την Αττική |url=https://www.reporter.com.cy/greece/article/751736/ischyros-seismos-stin-thiba-tarakoynise-kai-tin-attiki |access-date=2021-04-07 |website=ΡΕΠΟΡΤΕΡ |archive-date=2021-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119153331/https://www.reporter.com.cy/greece/article/751736/ischyros-seismos-stin-thiba-tarakoynise-kai-tin-attiki |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2020 |title=Μετατόπιση του εδάφους καταγράφηκε από τον σεισμό στην Θήβα – Έσπασαν ακόμη και τάφοι στο νεκροταφείο της περιοχής (video) |url=https://www.newsbreak.gr/ellada/151024/metatopisi-toy-edafoys-katagrafike-apo-ton-seismo-stin-thiva-espasan/ |access-date=2021-04-07 |language=el}}</ref> | - | - |- |2<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – Balleny Islands region |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000clt8/executive |access-date=2020-12-02 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Antarctica}} offshore, [[Balleny Islands]] region |6.0 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |5<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.3 – 45&nbsp;km WSW of Gazipa?a, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cnf1/executive |access-date=2022-05-08 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Antalya Province|Antalya]] offshore, 45&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Gazipaşa]] |5.3 |84.5 |VI |One person was injured after he jumped out of a window due to panic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2020 |title=Strong earthquake in the Gulf of Antalya – one injured |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/starkes-erdbeben-im-golf-von-antalya/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |6<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 115&nbsp;km E of Iquique, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cnnz/executive |access-date=2020-12-06 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]], 115&nbsp;km east of [[Iquique]] |6.1 |105.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |9<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.4 – 41&nbsp;km N of Kabansk, Russia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cpkf/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Buryatia]], 41&nbsp;km north of [[Kabansk]] |5.4 |17.0 |VI |More than twenty schools and social facilities suffered minor damage as a result of the earthquake. Cracks were also observed in several homes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2020 |title=Russland: Starkes Erdbeben am Baikalsee verursacht Schäden |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/russland-starkes-erdbeben-am-baikalsee-verursacht-schaeden/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 27&nbsp;km E of Yilan, Taiwan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cpqz/executive |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Taiwan}}, [[Yilan County, Taiwan|Yilan]] offshore, 27&nbsp;km east of [[Yilan City|Yilan]] |6.1 |71.0 |V | - | - | - |- |10<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.0 – JAVA, INDONESIA – 2020-12-10 22:51:56 UTC |url=https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/earthquake.php?id=928532 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=emsc-csem.org}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], 30&nbsp;km southeast of [[Cirebon Regency|Karangsembung]] |4.0 |10.0 | - |23 homes and two public buildings were damaged in Kuningan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2020 |title=Earthquake in Java damages dozens of buildings |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/erdbeben-auf-java-beschaedigt-dutzende-gebaeude-2/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |14<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.0 – 75&nbsp;km NNE of Calama, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000cqyz/executive |access-date=2020-12-14 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]], 75&nbsp;km north northeast of [[Calama, Chile|Calama]] |6.0 |114.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |15<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 25&nbsp;km S of Sarangani, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000crdx/executive |access-date=2020-12-15 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Davao Region|Davao]] offshore, 25&nbsp;km south of [[Sarangani]] |6.1 |14.0 |VI |Some houses sustained cracks in General Santos.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No major damage recorded in GenSan after magnitude 6.2 quake |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1124927 |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=pna.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.6 – 2&nbsp;km SSE of Quequeña, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000crmx/executive |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Arequipa Province|Arequipa]], 2&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Quequeña District|Quequeña]] |5.6 |90.4 |V |Various buildings were damaged in Arequipa province. Rockslides were also observed, blocking roads.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Turpo |first=Jorge |date=2020-12-16 |title=Arequipa: sismo de magnitud 5.5 causó daños en viviendas, centros comerciales y carreteras |url=https://rpp.pe/peru/arequipa/sismo-en-arequipa-danos-en-viviendas-centros-comerciales-locales-municipales-y-derrumbes-en-vias-provoco-movimiento-de-magnitud-55-noticia-1310239 |access-date=2020-12-17 |website=RPP |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |20<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 100&nbsp;km ENE of Hachinohe, Japan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000csqe/executive |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Aomori Prefecture|Aomori]] offshore, 100&nbsp;km east northeast of [[Hachinohe]] |6.3 |35.0 |V |One person was injured in Aomori.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2020 |title=Japan: Schweres Erdbeben im Norden von Honshu – Ein Verletzter |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/japan-schweres-erdbeben-im-norden-von-honshu/ |language=de}}</ref> | - |1 |- |22<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.5 – 7&nbsp;km NNW of Scoglitti, Italy |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d1yt/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Italy}}, [[Sisiliya|Sicily]], 7&nbsp;km northwest of [[Scoglitti]] |4.5 |23.0 |V |Several buildings were damaged in Ragusa, including a multi-storey residential building.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2020 |title=Kräftiges Erdbeben auf Sizilien |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/kraeftiges-erdbeben-auf-sizilien/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |23<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.1 – 90&nbsp;km SW of Angaur State, Palau |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d29t/executive |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Palau}}, offshore, 90&nbsp;km southwest of [[Angaur|Angaur State]] |6.1 |11.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |24<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.3 – 2&nbsp;km ESE of Calatagan, Philippines |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d2ra/executive |access-date=2020-12-25 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Calabarzon]], 2&nbsp;km east southeast of [[Calatagan]] |6.3 |109.0 |VI |Four (three in Lubang and one in Mariveles) houses were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Magnitude 6.3 quake rocks Calatagan, Batangas; shaking felt in parts of Metro Manila |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/25/Calatagan-earthquake.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215144440/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/25/Calatagan-earthquake.html |archive-date=15 December 2021 |access-date=2021-12-15 |publisher=CNNPhilippines |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2020 |title=Strong earthquakes in the north of the Philippines |url=https://erdbebennews.de/2020/12/starke-erdbeben-im-norden-der-philippinen/ |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.5 – 7&nbsp;km WNW of Sivrice, Turkey |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3dd/executive |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Elazığ Province|Elazığ]], 7&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Sivrice, Elazığ|Sivrice]] |5.5 |9.0 |VII |It was an aftershock of the 2020 Elazığ earthquake. Some damage was caused, and 68 people were injured, two of them seriously after jumping from windows in a panic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DEPREMDE 68 KİŞİ HASTANELERE BAŞVURDU |url=https://www.elazighaberkent.com/haber/28581/depremde-68-kisi-hastanelere-basvurdu.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227154151/https://elazighaberkent.com/haber/28581/depremde-68-kisi-hastanelere-basvurdu.html |archive-date=2020-12-27 |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=HaberSite |language=tr}}</ref> | - |68 |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 5.7 – 25&nbsp;km SSE of Atiquipa, Peru |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3dr/executive |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Arequipa Province|Arequipa]] offshore, 25&nbsp;km south southeast of [[Atiquipa District|Atiquipa]] |5.7 |39.0 |V |Some houses were seriously damaged in Caraveli district, and eight of them had to be evacuated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LR |first=Redacción |date=2020-12-27 |title=Arequipa: sismo dejó viviendas dañadas e inhabitables en Caravelí |url=https://larepublica.pe/sociedad/2020/12/27/arequipa-sismo-dejo-viviendas-danadas-e-inhabitables-en-caraveli-lrsd/ |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=larepublica.pe |language=es-PE}}</ref> | - | - |- |27<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.7 – 146&nbsp;km WNW of Corral, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3i9/executive |access-date=2020-12-27 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Los Ríos Region|Los Ríos]] offshore, 141&nbsp;km west northwest of [[Corral, Chile|Corral]] |6.7 |10.0 |V |A tsunami was observed with heights of {{Convert|0.16|m|ft}} in Bahía Mansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tsunami Event: VALDIVA, CHILE |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5760 |website=ngdc.noaa.gov}}</ref> | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 4.8 – 8&nbsp;km W of Petrinja, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3kv/executive |access-date=28 December 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Croatia}}, [[Sisak-Moslavina County|Sisak-Moslavina]], 8&nbsp;km west of [[Petrinja]] |4.8 |10.0 |VI |It was a foreshock of the 6.4 quake the day after. Various buildings were damaged in Petrinja, Glina and [[Sisak]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2020 |title=5.2 Magnitude Earthquake Rocks Central Croatia Monday Morning |url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/news/49158-earthquake-rocks-zagreb |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228081704/https://www.total-croatia-news.com/news/49158-earthquake-rocks-zagreb |archive-date=28 December 2020 |access-date=28 December 2020 |website=total-croatia-news}}</ref> | - | - |- |29<ref>{{Cite web |title=M 6.4 – 2&nbsp;km WSW of Petrinja, Croatia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000d3zh/executive |access-date=29 December 2020 |website=earthquake.usgs.gov}}</ref> |{{Flag|Croatia}}, [[Sisak-Moslavina County|Sisak-Moslavina]], 2&nbsp;km west southwest of [[Petrinja]] |6.4 |10.0 |IX |  |9 |25 |- |} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f1a7zu7a6oi535sziycr3k1bibkh08y 0 113356 840387 763208 2026-05-27T04:39:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840387 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Wannan jerin jerin girgizar ƙasa ne a cikin 2024. Girgizar ƙasa mai girma 6 ko sama ne kawai an haɗa su, sai dai idan sun haifar da babbar lalacewa da / ko asarar rayuka.  An jera duk ranaku bisa ga lokacin UTC.  Matsakaicin ƙarfin yana dogara ne akan ma'aunin ƙarfin Mercalli Modified.  Girman girgizar kasa yana dogara ne akan bayanai daga USGS. Ayyukan girgizar ƙasa a cikin shekara ta 2024 ya yi ƙasa da sauran karni na 21, tare da girgizar ƙasa 99 kawai ta wuce ma'auni shida, mafi ƙanƙanta tun 1982. Har ila yau, babu girgizar ƙasa da ta wuce ≥M8 a shekara ta uku a jere. A duk shekara, girgizar kasa ta kashe mutane 703; akasarin mutanen da suka mutu na da nasaba da girgizar kasa mai karfin awo 7.5 da ta afku a yammacin gabar tekun Honshu a kasar Japan. Har ila yau, wannan lamari ne mafi karfi a wannan shekara kuma mafi muni a kasar tun shekarar 2011. Wasu fitattun girgizar kasar sun faru a kasashen Taiwan, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Sin, Amurka da Vanuatu. == Idan aka kwatanta da sauran shekaru == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Yawan girgizar ƙasa a duk duniya na 2014-2024 !Girma !2014 !2015 !2016 !2017 !2018 !2019 ![[Jerin girgizar ƙasa a cikin 2020|2020]] !2021 !2022 !2023 ! style="background:#efefef;" |''2024'' ![[Jerin girgizar ƙasa a cikin 2025|2025]] |- !8.0–9.9 |1 |1 |0 |1 |1 |1 |0 |3 |0 |0 | style="background:#efefef;" |0 |- !7.0–7.9 |11 |18 |16 |6 |16 |9 |9 |16 |11 |19 | style="background:#efefef;" |10 |- !6.0–6.9 |143 |127 |131 |104 |118 |135 |111 |141 |117 |128 | style="background:#efefef;" |89 |- !5.0–5.9 |1,580 |1,413 |1,550 |1,447 |1,671 |1,484 |1,315 |2,046 |1,603 |1,637 | style="background:#efefef;" |1,408 |- !4.0–4.9 |15,817 |13,777 |13,700 |10,544 |12,782 |11,897 |12,135 |14,643 |13,707 |13,816 | style="background:#efefef;" |12,668 |- !Jimillar |17,552 |15,336 |15,397 |12,102 |14,588 |13,526 |13,570 |16,849 |15,438 |15,600 | style="background:#efefef;" |14,175 |} {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=500|frame-height=280|from=Earthquakes in 2024.map|frame-latitude=0|frame-longitude=0|zoom=1|text=Map of earthquakes in 2024 - M 5.0 or greater ([[c:Data:Earthquakes in 2024.map|map data]])}} == Ta hanyar yawan wadanda suka mutu == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Matsayi !Yawan mutanen da suka mutu !Girma !Wurin da yake !MMI !Rashin zurfi (kilomita) !Ranar !Abin da ya faru |- |1 |645 |7.5 |, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]]{{Flag|Japan}}| {{MMI-ts|XI|desc=1}} |10.0 |January 1 |'''Girgizar kasa ta Noto ta 2024''' |- |2 |19 |7.4 |, [[Hualien County|Hualien]]{{Flag|Taiwan}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |40.0 |April 2 |'''Girgizar ƙasa ta Hualien ta 2024''' |- |3 |14 |7.3 |, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Vanuatu}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |57.1 |December 17 |'''Girgizar kasa ta Port Vila ta 2024''' |} An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla mutane 10 da suka mutu. == Ta hanyar girman == {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Matsayi !Girma !Yawan mutanen da suka mutu !Wurin da yake !MMI !Rashin zurfi (kilomita) !Ranar !Abin da ya faru |- |1 |7.5 |645 |, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]]{{Flag|Japan}}| {{MMI-ts|XI|desc=1}} |10.0 |January 1 |'''Girgizar kasa ta Noto ta 2024''' |- |2 |7.4 |19 |, [[Hualien County|Hualien]]{{Flag|Taiwan}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |40.0 |April 2 |'''Girgizar ƙasa ta Hualien ta 2024''' |- |2 |7.4 |1 |, [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]]{{Flag|Chile}}| {{MMI-ts|VII|desc=1}} |127.3 |July 19 | - |- |- |4 |7.3 |14 |, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Vanuatu}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |57.1 |December 17 |'''Girgizar kasa ta Port Vila ta 2024''' |- |5 |7.2 |0 |, [[Department of Arequipa|Arequipa]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Peru}}| {{MMI-ts|VI|desc=1}} |24.0 |June 28 | - |- |6 |7.1 |0 |, [[Miyazaki Prefecture|Miyazaki]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Japan}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |24.0 |August 8 |'''Girgizar ƙasa ta 2024 ta Hyūga-nada''' |- |6 |7.1 |0 |, [[Soccsksargen]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Philippines}}| {{MMI-ts|III|desc=1}} |639.5 |July 11 | - |- |8 |7.0 |3 |, [[Xinjiang]]{{Flag|China}}| {{MMI-ts|IX|desc=1}} |13.0 |January 22 |'''Girgizar kasa ta 2024''' |- |8 |7.0 |0 |, [[California]] a bakin teku{{Flag|United States}}| {{MMI-ts|VIII|desc=1}} |10.0 |December 5 | - |- |8 |7.0 |0 |, [[Kamchatka Krai]] a bakin teku{{Flag|Russia}}| {{MMI-ts|VI|desc=1}} |29.0 |August 17 | - |} An lissafa girgizar ƙasa tare da akalla 7.0 magnitude. == Ta wata == === Janairu ===   [[Fayil:Air_Self-Defense_Force_drone_search_operation_at_Wajima_Asaichi.jpg|left|thumb|205x205px|Sakamakon girgizar kasa da gobarar da ta biyo baya a Wajima, Japan]] {{Clear}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" ! rowspan="2" |Date ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |Country and location ! rowspan="2" |M<sub>w</sub> ! rowspan="2" |Depth<br /><br />(km) ! rowspan="2" |MMI ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Notes ! colspan="2" |Casualties |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]], {{Cvt|43|km|mi}} NE of [[Anamizu, Ishikawa|Anamizu]] |7.5 |10.0 |XI<ref name="Ishikawa24">{{Cite journal |last=Ishikawa |first=Yuzo |last2=Bai |first2=Ling |date=2024 |title=The 2024 Mj7.6 Noto Peninsula, Japan earthquake caused by the fluid flow in the crust |journal=Earthquake Research Advances |volume=4 |issue=3 |doi=10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100292 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |  |645 |1,393 |- |1 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]], {{Cvt|8|km|mi}} SW of [[Anamizu, Ishikawa|Anamizu]] |6.2 |10.0 |VII |Aftershock of the 7.5 earthquake nine minutes prior. | - | - |- |1 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], {{Cvt|25|km|mi}} NE of [[Lembang]] |4.5 |10.0 |V |Sixty-nine homes destroyed and 416 structures damaged in the Sumedang area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramadhan |first=Bilal |date=2 January 2024 |title=Gempa Sumedang Akibatkan 400 Rumah Alami Rusak Berat |url=https://www.msn.com/id-id/berita/other/gempa-sumedang-akibatkan-400-rumah-alami-rusak-berat/ar-AA1mkVt1 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=Republika |publisher=MSN}}</ref> | - | - |- |3 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]] offshore, {{Cvt|44|km|mi}} SW of [[Pelabuhanratu]] |4.8 |99.0 |VI |Four homes collapsed; 17 others and three schools damaged in the Lebak, Sukabumi, and Bogor areas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akurat Banten |first=Heryanto |date=5 January 2024 |title=Gempa Banten, BPBD Lebak: 8 Rumah dan 3 Gedung Sekolah Rusak |url=https://banten.akurat.co/news/1323700769/gempa-banten-bpbd-lebak-8-rumah-dan-3-gedung-sekolah-rusak |access-date=5 January 2024 |publisher=Banten Akurat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Sejumlah Rumah Rusak Akibat Gempa |url=https://sukabumi.jabarekspres.com/2024/01/04/sejumlah-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=Sukabumi Ekspres |publisher=SukabumiEkspres.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Salam |first=Handi |date=4 January 2024 |title=Bencana Gempa Banten Rusak Rumah Warga Megamendung |url=https://radarsukabumi.com/jawa-barat/kabupaten-bogor/bencana-gempa-banten-rusak-rumah-warga-megamendung/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |publisher=RadarSukabumi.com}}</ref> | - | - |- |3 |{{Flag|Poland}}, [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Lower Silesia]], {{Cvt|3|km|mi}} SSW of [[Rudna, Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Rudna]] |4.2 |5.0 |V |Six people injured due to a mine collapse in Lubin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Szyszka |first=Grażyna |date=3 January 2024 |title=KGHM. Silny wstrząs w ZG Lubin. Sześć osób zostało poszkodowanych |url=https://glogow.naszemiasto.pl/kghm-silny-wstrzas-w-zg-lubin-szesc-osob-zostalo/ar/c1-9571843 |access-date=5 January 2024 |publisher=Głogów Nasze Miasto}}</ref> | - |6 |- |8 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[North Sulawesi]] offshore, {{Cvt|93|km|mi}} SE of [[Sarangani]], [[Filipin|Philippines]] |6.7 |62.6 |VI |One home destroyed and another damaged in Talaud Islands Regency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robert Petrus Tamaroba |date=9 January 2024 |title=Polsek Essang datangi dan data 2 Rumah terdampak Gempa Bumi di Essang |trans-title=Essang Police visited and recorded data on 2 houses affected by the Earthquake in Essang |url=https://www.rri.co.id/daerah-3t/508899/polsek-essang-datangi-dan-data-2-rumah-terdampak-gempa-bumi-di-essang |access-date=10 January 2024 |website=rri.co.id - Portal berita terpercaya |language=id}}</ref> | - | - |- |11 |{{Flag|Afghanistan}}, [[Badakhshan Province|Badakhshan]], {{Cvt|45|km|mi}} SSW of [[Jorm, Afghanistan|Jurm]] |6.4 |204.0 |IV |Minor damage to several houses in Jurm.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2024 |title=Powerful Earthquake Strikes Northeastern Afghanistan, No Casualties Reported |url=https://en.wenews.pk/powerful-earthquake-strikes-northeastern-afghanistan-no-casualties-reported/ |access-date=11 January 2024 |website=World Echo News}}</ref> | - | - |- |13 |{{Flag|Albania}}, [[Fier County|Fier]], {{Cvt|7|km}} NE of [[Lushnjë]] |4.5 |28.6 |IV |One person died in a fall in Lushnjë. |1 | - |- |18 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Central Sulawesi]], {{Cvt|91|km|mi}} ENE of [[Poso]] |4.9 |10.0 |IV |Several homes collapsed in Tojo Una-Una Regency. | - | - |- |18 |{{Flag|Tonga}}, [[Vavaʻu]] offshore, {{Cvt|148|km|mi}} NW of [[Fangaleʻounga]] |6.4 |211.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |19 |{{Flag|Colombia}}, [[Valle del Cauca Department|Valle del Cauca]], {{Cvt|7|km|mi}} E of [[Cartago, Valle del Cauca|Cartago]] |5.6 |65.1 |VII |One person died of a heart attack in El Águila and one person injured in Ansermanuevo. Many homes and buildings damaged in Valle del Cauca, Quindío, Caldas and Risaralda Departments. |1 |1 |- |20 |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}, [[Pagan (island)|Pagan]] region offshore, {{Cvt|368|km}} N of [[Saipan]] |6.1 |184.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |20 |{{Flag|Brazil}}, [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]], {{Cvt|123|km}} NW of [[Tarauacá]] |6.6 |607.0 |III | - | - | - |- |20 |Southwest Indian Ridge |6.2 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |22 |{{Flag|China}}, [[Xinjiang]], {{Cvt|128|km|mi}} WNW of [[Aykol]] |7.0 |13.0 | data-sort-value="VIIII" |IX |  |3 |74 |- |23 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] offshore, {{Cvt|39|km|mi}} SW of [[Port Vila]] |6.3 |31.0 |V | - | - | - |- |25 |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Adıyaman Province|Adıyaman]], {{Cvt|19|km|mi}} WNW of [[Sincik]] |5.0 |16.2 |VII |Aftershock of the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes. One person injured, one home collapsed and many others damaged in the Akçadağ-Malatya area. | - |1 |- |27 |{{Flag|Guatemala}}, [[Santa Rosa Department, Guatemala|Santa Rosa]], {{Cvt|15|km|mi}} W of [[Taxisco]] |6.1 |90.0 |V |Three people injured by a landslide in Sololá Department. One church damaged in San Pablo Jocopilas, one home collapsed in Quetzaltenango, and one building damaged in La Gomera. | - |3 |- |28 |{{Flag|Brazil}}, [[Acre (state)|Acre]], {{Cvt|70|km}} W of [[Tarauacá]] |6.5 |621.1 |II | - | - | - |- |} === Fabrairu ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |- |1 |{{Flag|Austria}}, [[Lower Austria]], [[Semmering, Austria|Semmering]] |4.0 |5.0 |V |Over 100 buildings damaged in the Semmering area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2024 |title=Kräftiges Erdbeben am Semmering in Niederösterreich |url=https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/geophysik/news/kraeftiges-erdbeben-am-semmering-in-niederoesterreich |access-date=28 December 2024 |publisher=[[Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics]] |language=de}}</ref> | - | - |- |7 |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Cagayan Valley]], {{Cvt|16|km|mi}} SW of [[Claveria]] |5.4 |44.0 |IV |One home destroyed and 133 others damaged in the Pagudpud-Tadian area. | - | - |- |9 |{{Flag|New Zealand}}, [[Kermadec Islands]] offshore |6.1 |13.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |12 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Volcano Islands]] offshore |6.1 |236.0 |I | - | - | - |- |13 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[South Kalimantan]], {{Cvt|25|km|mi}} NE of [[Martapura, South Kalimantan|Martapura]] |4.9 |13.6 |VI |Many homes damaged in Banjar, including some with collapsed roofs or ceilings. One school also damaged in [[Banjarmasin]]. | - | - |- |14 |{{Flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}, [[Yap State|Yap]] offshore, {{Cvt|171|km|mi}} NNE of [[Colonia, Federated States of Micronesia|Colonia]] |6.0 |14.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |15 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Lima Region|Lima]], {{Cvt|13|km|mi}} NNW of [[Chancay]] |5.2 |67.3 |V |Ten homes collapsed in Rimac, two homes seriously damaged in Huaral, and landslides blocked roads in the epicentral area. | - | - |- |23 |southern East Pacific Rise |6.3 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |25 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]] offshore, {{Cvt|79|km|mi}} WSW of [[Palabuhanratu|Pelabuhanratu]] |5.6 |34.0 |IV |Three homes collapsed in the Pandeglang-Cianjur area and many others damaged in Lebak. | - | - |- |28<ref>{{Cite web |last=NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION CENTER |date=28 February 2024 |title=Centre Sismologique Euro-Méditerranéen |url=https://emsc-csem.org/Earthquake_information/earthquake.php?id=1627042 |access-date=5 March 2024 |publisher=[[European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre]]}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], {{Cvt|10|km|mi}} NE of [[Lembang]] |2.8 |10.0 | - |One person killed and two others injured by a falling tree.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AA Hamzah Hasbullah |date=28 February 2024 |title=Gempa Guncang Subang Disusul Pohon Besar Tumbang di Kawasan Kota Timbulkan 1 Korban Meninggal, 2 Lainnya Luka |trans-title=Earthquake Rocks Subang Followed by Large Tree Falling in City Area, 1 Victim Died, 2 Others Injured |url=https://subang.pikiran-rakyat.com/subang-raya/pr-657772214/gempa-guncang-subang-disusul-pohon-besar-tumbang-di-kawasan-kota-timbulkan-1-korban-meninggal-2-lainnya-luka |access-date=5 March 2024 |publisher=Pikiran Rakyat |language=id}}</ref><ref name="gempafeb28">{{Cite web |last=Ruslan Efendi |date=5 March 2024 |editor-last=Imam Taufik |title=Gempa Guncang Subang Disusul Pohon Besar Tumbang di Kawasan Kota Timbulkan 1 Korban Meninggal, 2 Lainnya Luka |trans-title=Due to the Earthquake, 14 Houses and Mosques were Affected |url=https://www.rri.co.id/daerah/581697/akibat-gempa-bumi-14-rumah-dan-mesjid-terdampak |access-date=5 March 2024 |publisher=RRI |language=id}}</ref> Fourteen homes and a mosque damaged, and ground cracks appeared in the Subang area.<ref name="gempafeb28" /> |1 |2 |- |} === Maris === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |3 |Macquarie Island region |6.8 |23.2 |V | - | - | - |- |4 |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}}, [[Issyk-Kul Region|Issyk-Kul]], {{Cvt|25|km|mi}} NW of [[Cholpon-Ata]] |4.7 |28.3 |VI |One person injured<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Алматыда жер сілкінісінен бір адам зардап шекті |trans-title=One person was injured by the earthquake in Almaty |url=https://adyrna.kz/post/189137 |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=kk |agency=Adyrna}}</ref> and many buildings damaged in Almaty, [[Kazakistan|Kazakhstan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title="Вертикальное" или "горизонтальное". Каким было землетрясение в Алматы? |trans-title="Vertical" or "horizontal". What was the earthquake like in Almaty? |url=https://informburo.kz/novosti/vertikalnoe-ili-gorizontalnoe-kakim-bylo-zemletryasenie-v-almaty |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=ru |agency=Informburo}}</ref> | - |1 |- |4 |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Çanakkale Province|Çanakkale]], {{Cvt|21|km|mi}} NE of [[Hamdibey]] |4.3 |15.0 |IV |One person killed after jumping from a building in Nilüfer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2024 |title=Çanakkale'de 4.9 büyüklüğünde depremde Ege ve Marmara bölgesi sallandı: 1 ölü |trans-title=The Aegean and Marmara region was shaken by the 4.9 magnitude earthquake in Çanakkale: 1 dead |url=https://www.evrensel.net/haber/512253/canakkalede-4-9-buyuklugunde-depremde-ege-ve-marmara-bolgesi-sallandi-1-olu |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=tr |agency=Evrensel}}</ref> |1 | - |- |5 |Macquarie Island region |6.1 |10.0 | - |Aftershock of the 6.8 earthquake on 3 March. | - | - |- |7 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Ica|Ica]], {{Cvt|10|km|mi}} SSW of [[Chincha Alta]] |4.9 |40.3 |IV |Several structures severely damaged in Pisco and landslides blocked roads in the Humay area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2024 |title=Reportan deslizamientos en la carretera Vía Los Libertadores tras sismo de 5.2 en Pisco |url=https://jornada.com.pe/ica-reportan-deslizamientos-en-la-carretera-via-los-libertadores-tras-sismo-de-5-2-en-pisco/ |access-date=27 December 2024 |publisher=Jornada |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |8 |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Davao Region|Davao]] offshore, {{Cvt|103|km|mi}} SE of [[Governor Generoso|Pondaguitan]] |6.0 |115.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |12 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Huancavelica|Huancavelica]], {{Cvt|22|km|mi}} NNW of [[Paucarbamba District|Paucarbamba]] |4.0 |10.0 |V |One person injured,<ref name="4.0PERU" /> one home collapsed and 49 structures damaged in the Tayacaja area. | - |1 |- |13 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[West New Britain Province|West New Britain]], {{Cvt|68|km|mi}} ESE of [[Kimbe]] |6.0 |44.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |14 |{{Flag|Montenegro}}, [[Plužine Municipality|Plužine]], {{Cvt|22|km|mi}} ENE of [[Bileća]], [[Bosnia da Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |5.4 |16.1 |VI |One barn destroyed and many homes damaged in Golija. Landslides blocked roads in the Nikšić-Krstac area. | - | - |- |14 |northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge |6.2 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |21 |{{Flag|India}}, [[Maharashtra]], {{Cvt|20|km|mi}} NNE of [[Basmath|Basmat]] |4.6 |10.0 |V |Many homes collapsed and many others damaged in the Nanded area. | - | - |- |22 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[East Java]] offshore, {{Cvt|117|km|mi}} N of [[Lamongan Regency|Paciran]] |5.6 |10.0 |VII |Ten people hospitalized after suffering panic attacks, another injured by falling debris, two houses and a village hall destroyed, and 35 structures damaged in Bawean. | - |11 |- |22 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[East Java]] offshore, {{Cvt|110|km|mi}} N of [[Lamongan Regency|Paciran]] |6.4 |9.5 |VIII |Four people injured,<ref name="USGSPACIRAN" /> 774 houses destroyed and 4,858 structures damaged in the Bawean-Tuban-[[Surabaya]] area. | - |4 |- |23 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Bengkulu]] offshore, {{Cvt|82|km|mi}} SW of [[Pagar Alam]] |5.3 |62.7 |V |Eight homes collapsed and 110 structures damaged in South Bengkulu Regency. | - | - |- |23 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East Sepik Province|East Sepik]], {{Cvt|36|km|mi}} ENE of [[Ambunti]] |6.9 |41.5 |VII |  |5 |12 |- |25 |{{Flag|Vietnam}}, [[Hòa Bình Province|Hòa Bình]], {{Cvt|27|km|mi}} S of [[Xuân Mai]] |4.2 |10.0 |V |Many homes damaged or destroyed and landslides in the Mỹ Đức area. | - | - |- |27 |[[Vanuatu]] region |6.4 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |29 |{{Flag|Greece}}, [[Peloponnese]] offshore, {{Cvt|34|km|mi}} WNW of [[Filiatra]] |5.8 |26.9 |V |Several old homes collapsed and many buildings and bridges damaged in the Zacharo area. | - | - |- |} === Afrilu === [[Fayil:Rescue_workers_near_the_semi-collapsed_ten-story_Uranus_Building_on_Xuanyuan_Road_after_the_2024_Hualien_earthquake.jpg|left|thumb|205x205px|Ma'aikatan ceto kusa da [[Ginin Uranus]] mai hawa tara da ya rushe a Hualien City, [[Taiwan]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]], {{Cvt|7|km|mi}} SW of [[Kuji, Iwate|Kuji]] |5.9 |73.0 |VI |Two people injured in Aomori Prefecture and several structures damaged in the Kuji area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2024 |title=被害状況のまとめ（１１：００） |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/lnews/morioka/20240402/6040021201.html |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=NHK |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2024 |title=青森、岩手両県で震度５弱 青森県２人けが |url=https://mutsushimpo.com/news/zhja60yv/ |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=Mutsushimpo |language=ja}}</ref> | - |2 |- |2 |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}, [[Saipan]] offshore, {{Cvt|137|km|mi}} ENE of [[Saipan]] |6.2 |10.0 |IV | - |– | - |- |2 |{{Flag|Taiwan}}, [[Hualien County|Hualien]], {{Cvt|15|km|mi}} S of [[Hualien City]] |7.4 |40.0 |VIII |  |19 |1,147 |- |3 |{{Flag|Taiwan}}, [[Hualien County|Hualien]] offshore, {{Cvt|15|km|mi}} NNE of [[Hualien City]] |6.4 |13.9 |VII |Aftershock of the 7.4 earthquake 13 minutes prior. | - | - |- |4 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Fukushima Prefecture|Fukushima]], {{Cvt|77|km|mi}} E of [[Minamisōma|Minami-Sōma]] |6.1 |29.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |5 |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}, [[Maug Islands]] offshore |6.8 |222.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |5 |{{Flag|United States}}, [[New Jersey]], {{Cvt|6|km|mi}} ESE of [[Califon, New Jersey|Califon]] |4.8 |4.7 |VI |  | - | - |- |6 |{{Flag|China}}, [[Yunnan]], {{Cvt|30|km|mi}} SW of [[Zhaotong]] |5.0 |10.0 |IV |Two homes destroyed and rockfalls occurred in Ludian County.<ref name="5.0LUDIAN" /> | - | - |- |9 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[North Maluku]] offshore, {{Cvt|150|km|mi}} NW of [[Tobelo]] |6.4 |22.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |14 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East New Britain Province|East New Britain]], {{Cvt|111|km|mi}} ESE of [[Kimbe]] |6.5 |49.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |17 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Cusco|Cusco]], {{Cvt|1|km|mi}} WSW of [[Oropesa District, Quispicanchi|Oropesa]] |4.3 |10.0 |VI |Several homes collapsed, 648 structures damaged and landslides blocked roads in the Lucre area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2024 |title=Sismo en Cusco afectó a al menos 631 hogares, 14 escuelas, dos comisarías y estructuras históricas |url=https://www.infobae.com/peru/2024/04/18/sismo-en-cusco-afecto-a-al-menos-631-hogares-14-escuelas-dos-comisarias-y-estructuras-historicas/ |access-date=18 April 2024 |website=Infobae |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |17 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ehime Prefecture|Ehime]] offshore, {{Cvt|18|km|mi}} W of [[Uwajima, Ehime|Uwajima]] |6.3 |32.0 |VIII |Sixteen people injured, 10 homes damaged, power poles toppled, landslides reported and water pipes damaged in Ōita, Ehime, Hiroshima and Kōchi Prefectures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2024 |title=【随時更新 被害】愛媛・大分で7人けが 愛媛と高知で震度6弱 |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240417/k10014425241000.html |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=NHK |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 April 2024 |title=新／日本愛媛縣6.4地震「複數水管破裂」已知6人受傷 |url=https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=1455463 |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=SET News |language=zh}}</ref> A reactor fitting at the Ikata Nuclear Power Plant fell off. | - |16 |- |18 |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Yozgat Province|Yozgat]], {{Cvt|11|km|mi}} W of [[Sulusaray]] |5.6 |16.0 |VII |Five people injured, 20 houses and two [[Hasumiya|minarets]] destroyed and 283 buildings damaged in Tokat Province. One building collapsed and 169 others damaged in Yozgat Province. | - |5 |- |22 |{{Flag|Taiwan}}, [[Hualien County|Hualien]] offshore, {{Cvt|29|km|mi}} S of [[Hualien City]] |6.1 |9.0 |VII | rowspan="2" |Aftershocks of the 2024 Hualien earthquake. Five buildings destroyed in Hualien County; two in Hualien City, two in Ji'an and another in Shoufeng. | - | - |- |22 |{{Flag|Taiwan}}, [[Hualien County|Hualien]] offshore, {{Cvt|13|km|mi}} SSW of [[Hualien City]] |6.1 |10.0 |VIII | - | - |- |27 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Bonin Islands]] offshore |6.5 |496.0 |II | - | - | - |- |27 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]] offshore, {{Cvt|91|km|mi}} S of [[Banjar, West Java|Banjar]] |6.1 |59.7 |V |One person died of a heart attack in [[Bandung]]. Six people injured, 16 structures collapsed and 496 others damaged in Garut Regency; three people injured and 24 houses damaged in Bandung Regency;<ref name="LAYAR" /> two people injured, two structures collapsed and 117 others damaged in Ciamis Regency;<ref name="media_indonesia" /> one person injured, 13 houses collapsed, 28 others, two schools, a hospital and five mosques damaged, and power outages in Tasikmalaya;<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2024 |title=145 Jiwa Terdampak, Total 41 Rumah dan Fasilitas Umum Rusak Terdampak Gempa Bumi |url=https://kabarsingaparna.pikiran-rakyat.com/kabar-singaparna/pr-3238025804/145-jiwa-terdampak-total-41-rumah-dan-fasilitas-umum-rusak-terdampak-gempa-bumi |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=Kabar Singaparna |language=id}}</ref> one home destroyed and 17 others damaged in Sukabumi;<ref name="LAYAR">{{Cite web |date=28 April 2024 |title=Gempa Guncang Garut dan Tasik, 110 Rumah Warga Rusak |url=https://layarberita.pikiran-rakyat.com/news/pr-3558020353/gempa-guncang-garut-dan-tasik-110-rumah-warga-rusak |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=Layar Berita |language=id}}</ref> three homes and one school damaged in Cianjur Regency; three buildings damaged in Cimahi; 17 homes damaged in Majalengka Regency and ten houses damaged in Bogor Regency. |1 |12 |- |30 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Cusco|Cusco]], {{Cvt|10|km|mi}} SW of [[Urcos]] |4.8 |91.1 |IV |Seven people injured, two homes collapsed, 752 others and nine buildings, including a church damaged in the Acomayo-Paucartambo-Quispicanchi area. | - |7 |- |} === Mayu === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |- |3 |, [[Eastern Visayas|Gabashin Visayas]] a bakin teku, {{Cvt|27|km|mi}} km (17 SSW na [[Balangiga]]{{Flag|Philippines}} |5.7 |10.2 |V |Mutane biyu sun ji rauni a Dulag.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2024 |title=Two persons hurt in Leyte earthquake |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/905677/two-persons-hurt-in-leyte-earthquake/story/ |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=GMA News |language=en}}</ref> | - |2 |- |5 |, [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|154|km|mi}} WSW na [[Fakfak]]{{Flag|Indonesia}} |6.1 |16.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |8 |, [[Penama Province|Penama]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|101|km|mi}} ENE na Luganville{{Flag|Vanuatu}}[[Luganville|Birnin Lugan]] |6.1 |19.2 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |11 |, [[Fars province|Fars]], {{Cvt|70|km|mi}} SW na [[Gerash]]{{Flag|Iran}} |4.8 |10.0 |Na shida |Mutane biyu sun ji rauni, gidaje uku sun lalace kuma wasu 300 sun lalace a yankin Ahel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2024 |title=زلزله به بیش از ۳۰۰ خانه اَهِل لامرد فارس آسیب زد |url=https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/781833/%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DB%B3%DB%B0%DB%B0-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%8E%D9%87%D9%90%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%B2%D8%AF |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=Entekhab |language=fa}}</ref> | - |2 |- |12 |, [[Chiapas]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|28|km|mi}} km (17 WSW na [[Suchiate|Brisas Barra de Suchiate]]{{Flag|Mexico}} |6.4 |61.9 |Na shida |Ƙananan lalacewa da rushewar ƙasa a Tapachula.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2024 |title=Sismo deja psicosis, réplicas y daños menores |url=https://diariodechiapas.com/ultima-hora/sismo-deja-psicosis-replicas-y-danos-menores/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=diariodechiapas.com |language=es}}</ref> Gidaje da yawa sun rushe, gine-gine uku sun lalace kuma sun rushe a yankin [[Guatemala]]" id="mwCHA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="San Marcos, Guatemala">San Marcos-Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2024 |title=Sismo de magnitud 6.5 azota Guatemala; reportan daños en hospital y derrumbes |url=https://superchannel12.com/646711/sismo-de-magnitud-65-azota-guatemala-reportan-danos-en-hospital-y-derrumbes |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=Super Channel 12 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2024 |title=TEMBLOR CAUSA TRES DERRUMBES EN CARRETERA Y DAÑOS EN PAREDONES |url=https://emisorasunidas.com/2024/05/12/temblor-causa-danos-en-carreteras-y-paredones-en-los-departamentos/ |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=Emisoras Unidas |language=es}}</ref> | - | - |- |14 |, [[West Nusa Tenggara|Yammacin Nusa Tenggara]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|15|km|mi}} NNW na [[Gili Islands|Gili Trawangan]]{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5.3 |22.8 |V |Mutum daya ya ji rauni kuma gidaje uku sun rushe a Tanjung.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2024 |title=Gempa Lombok M=5,5: Sejumlah Bangunan Rusak, Satu Orang Luka Tertimpa Material |url=https://radarlombok.co.id/gempa-lombok-m55-sejumlah-bangunan-rusak-satu-orang-luka-tertimpa-material.html |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=radarlombok.co.id |language=id}}</ref> Gida daya ya rushe kuma wani wantilan ya lalace a Karangasem Regency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2024 |title=Update Gempa Lombok, 3 Bangunan Roboh-1 Lansia Terluka |url=https://www.detik.com/bali/nusra/d-7340330/update-gempa-lombok-3-bangunan-roboh-1-lansia-terluka |access-date=14 May 2024 |website=Detik |language=id |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514155335/https://www.detik.com/bali/nusra/d-7340330/update-gempa-lombok-3-bangunan-roboh-1-lansia-terluka |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2024 |title=Gempa 5,5 SR di Sumbawa Rusak Bangunan di Klungkung Bali, Jero Sandat Selamat dari Musibah |url=https://bali.tribunnews.com/2024/05/15/gempa-55-sr-di-sumbawa-rusak-bangunan-di-klungkung-bali-jero-sandat-selamat-dari-musibah |access-date=16 May 2024 |website=Tribun |language=id}}</ref> | - |1 |- |19 |, [[Alaska]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|169|km|mi}} SW na [[Nikolski, Alaska|Nikolski]]{{Flag|United States}} |6.0 |28.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |25 |, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|83|km|mi}} NW na Port Vila{{Flag|Vanuatu}}[[Port Vila|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Vila]] |6.3 |22.0 |V | - | - | - |- |26 |, [[Ha‘apai|Ha'apai]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|70|km|mi}} NW na Fangale'ounga{{Flag|Tonga}}[[Fangaleʻounga]] |6.6 |137.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |30 |, [[Central Sulawesi|Tsakiyar Sulawesi]] a bakin teku, {{Cvt|148|km|mi}} NNW na [[Kendari]]{{Flag|Indonesia}} |5.0 |10.0 |Na huɗu |Mutane biyar sun ji rauni, gida daya ya rushe kuma gine-gine 36 sun lalace a yankin Morowali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=5 Orang Luka Imbas Gempa 5,1 Morowali, Korban Dievakuasi ke Rumah Sakit |url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7367894/5-orang-luka-imbas-gempa-5-1-morowali-korban-dievakuasi-ke-rumah-sakit |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Detik.com |language=id |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602042308/https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7367894/5-orang-luka-imbas-gempa-5-1-morowali-korban-dievakuasi-ke-rumah-sakit |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=37 Bangunan Rusak dan 4 Warga Luka Usai Gempa di Morowali Sulteng |url=https://palu.tribunnews.com/2024/06/01/37-bangunan-rusak-dan-4-warga-luka-usai-gempa-di-morowali-sulteng |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Tribunnews.com |language=id}}</ref> | - |5 |- |31 | a bakin teku, yankin [[Prince Edward Islands|Tsibirin Prince Edward]]{{Flag|South Africa}} |6.2 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |- |31 |, [[Kermadec Islands|Tsibirin Kermadec]] a bakin teku{{Flag|New Zealand}} |6.2 |16.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |} === Yuni === [[Fayil:2024_Kashmar_earthquake_-_Mehr_News_Agency_2.jpg|left|thumb|205x205px|Gidajen da aka rushe a Zendeh Jan, Iran]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |2 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]], {{Cvt|40|km|mi}} NE of [[Anamizu, Ishikawa|Anamizu]] |5.7 |9.0 |VIII |Aftershock of the 2024 Noto earthquake. Three people injured; two in Ishikawa and another in Toyama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title=石川県能登地方を震源とする地震による被害及び 消防機関等の対応状況(第５報) |url=https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/20240603notohantouzjisin5.pdf |access-date=3 June 2024 |publisher=FDMA |language=ja |archive-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603132841/https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/20240603notohantouzjisin5.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Six houses collapsed in Wajima and four buildings damaged in Niigata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=６月３日の能登地方を震源とする地震について |url=https://www.pref.ishikawa.lg.jp/saigai/documents/0603higaihou_3_0930.pdf |publisher=Ishikawa Prefectural Government |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2024 |title=【地震】石川県 輪島 珠洲で震度5強 大けが1人 5棟倒壊 |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240603/k10014469331000.html |access-date=3 June 2024 |publisher=NHK}}</ref> | - |3 |- |5 |{{Flag|Angola}}, [[Benguela Province|Benguela]], {{Cvt|87|km|mi}} W of [[Caconda]] |5.1 |10.0 |VII |Largest earthquake in Angola since 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Earthquake Information Center |title=Search Earthquake Catalog |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=-19.70466,4.37256&extent=-7.10089,27.35596&range=search&listOnlyShown=true&baseLayer=terrain&timeZone=utc&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22endtime%22:%222024-06-26T08:42:24.458Z%22,%22latitude%22:-13.7175,%22longitude%22:14.232,%22maxradiuskm%22:850,%22minmagnitude%22:5,%22starttime%22:%221900-05-15T08:42:24.458Z%22%7D%7D |access-date=7 June 2024 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> Forty-three people hospitalized and several buildings damaged in the Benguela-[[Gundumar Huambo|Huambo]] area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Com |first=Grxnet |date=6 June 2024 |title=Sismo registado em algumas províncias deixa três feridos |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/sismo-registado-em-algumas-provincias-deixa-tres-feridos/ |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=jornaldeangola.ao |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2024 |title=Sismo de magnitude 5.4 atinge as províncias de Namibe, Bié, Huíla, Huambo, Benguela e Cuanza Sul |url=https://imparcialpress.net/sismo-de-magnitude-5-4-atinge-as-provincias-namibe-bie-huila-huambo-benguela-e-cuanza-sul-causou-danos-materiais-e-humanos/ |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=imparcialpress.net |language=pt}}</ref> | - |43 |- |9 |Pacific-Antarctic Ridge |6.2 |10.0 |I | - | - | - |- |11 |{{Flag|South Korea}}, [[North Jeolla Province|North Jeolla]], {{Cvt|3|km|mi}} NW of [[Buan County|Puan]] |4.4 |10.0 |VII |At least 285 structures damaged in the Buan–Gochang area,<ref>{{Cite web |last=임채두 |date=13 June 2024 |title=300건 육박한 부안 지진 피해…보상은 어떻게 이뤄질까 |url=https://m.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20240613096500055 |access-date=13 June 2024 |website=연합뉴스 |publisher=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |language=ko}}</ref> including one severely damaged temple.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2024 |title=부안 지진 여파…건물 균열에 개암사 불상 파손 등 100여건 피해 접수 |url=https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/2024061216045172274 |access-date=12 June 2024 |publisher=[[Pressian]] |language=ko}}</ref> | - | - |- |16 |west of Macquarie Island |6.0 |7.7 | - | - | - | - |- |16 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Arequipa|Arequipa]] offshore, {{Cvt|10|km|mi}} SW of [[Atiquipa District|Atiquipa]] |6.0 |27.0 |VI |Foreshock of the 7.2 earthquake on June 28. One child injured while evacuating in Camaná. Some houses collapsed and landslides in the Caravelí-Yauca area, some of which blocked sections of the Pan-American Highway. One stadium and a school damaged in Chala, and additional damage reported in Atiquipa. | - |1 |- |18 |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Razavi Khorasan province|Razavi Khorasan]], {{Cvt|6|km|mi}} SE of [[Kashmar]] |4.9 |10.0 |VIII |Four people killed, 120 others injured, 300 houses destroyed, 600 others and several historical buildings damaged in the Kashmar-Zendeh Jan area. |4 |120 |- |23 |{{Flag|Venezuela}}, [[Sucre (state)|Sucre]], {{Cvt|20|km|mi}} NE of [[Yaguaraparo]] |6.0 |77.0 |VI |Some buildings damaged in the epicentral area and one building damaged in Ciudad Guayana. Power outages occurred in parts of [[Trinidad da Tobago|Trinidad and Tobago]]. | - | - |- |24 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Sanma Province|Sanma]] offshore, {{Cvt|49|km|mi}} NNE of [[Port-Olry]] |6.3 |149.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |24 |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Manisa Province|Manisa]], {{Cvt|11|km|mi}} NNW of [[Soma, Manisa|Soma]] |4.7 |11.8 |III |One person injured in Savaştepe. | - |1 |- |28 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Arequipa|Arequipa]] offshore, {{Cvt|10|km|mi}} WSW of [[Atiquipa District|Atiquipa]] |7.2 |24.0 |VI |Thirty people injured, 11 houses destroyed, 3,000 others, six schools, five health centers and two bridges damaged and power outages in Caravelí Province, Arequipa.<ref name="INFOBAE" /> Twelve people injured and 10 houses destroyed in the Santiago-Changuillo area, Ica. Some houses destroyed, 11 health facilities damaged and rockfalls in Ayacucho.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2024 |title=7.2 magnitude earthquake shakes southern Peru |url=https://apnews.com/article/peru-lima-earthquake-034a3a561fe9f1f672ee64208c1f5113 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Associated Press News}}</ref> One health center damaged in [[Lima]].<ref name="INFOBAE" /> A tsunami with a height of {{Cvt|20|cm}} was recorded in the Chala area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2024 |title=TSUNAMI MESSAGE NUMBER 3 |url=https://www.tsunami.gov/events/PHEB/2024/06/28/24180000/3/WEPA40/WEPA40.txt |access-date=1 July 2024 |website=[[National Tsunami Warning Center]] |language=en}}</ref> | - |42 |- |29 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Arequipa|Arequipa]] offshore, {{Cvt|34|km|mi}} SW of [[Atiquipa District|Atiquipa]] |6.1 |18.0 |VI |Aftershock of the 7.2 earthquake on 28 June. | - | - |} === Yuli === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1 |{{Flag|Ecuador}}, [[Pichincha Province|Pichincha]], {{Cvt|8|km|mi}} northeast of [[Quito|Oyambarillo]] |4.4 |10.0 |V |One person injured, two structures collapsed, two others damaged, landslides and power outages occurred in the Quito area. | - |1 |- |7 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Central Java]] offshore, {{Cvt|7|km|mi}} east-northeast of [[Pekalongan]] |4.5 |11.1 |VI |Twelve people slightly injured, 13 houses destroyed and 287 buildings damaged in the Batang-Pekalongan area. | - |12 |- |7 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Bonin Islands]] offshore |6.2 |546.0 |II | - | - | - |- |10 |south of Africa |6.6 |4.0 | - | - | - | - |- |11 |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Soccsksargen]] offshore, {{Cvt|106|km|mi}} west-southwest of [[Kalamansig|Sangay]] |7.1 |639.5 |III | - | - | - |- |11 |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Afyonkarahisar Province|Afyonkarahisar]], {{Cvt|2|km|mi}} south-southeast of [[Afyonkarahisar]] |4.3 |10.0 |V |One home collapsed in Kalecik and a road damaged at Değirmenayvalı. | - | - |- |11 |{{Flag|Poland}}, [[Silesian Voivodeship]], {{Cvt|4|km|mi}} north of [[Jejkowice]] |2.9 |5.0 |III |One miner killed and 17 others injured due to a mine collapse in Rydułtowy. |1 |17 |- |11 |{{Flag|Canada}}, [[British Columbia]] offshore, {{Cvt|209|km|mi}} west-southwest of [[Tofino]] |6.4 |10.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |19 |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Antofagasta Region|Antofagasta]], {{Cvt|41|km|mi}} east-southeast of [[San Pedro de Atacama]] |7.4 |127.3 |VII |One person killed in Calama. Minor damage to buildings in the epicentral area, power outages and landslides occurred in San Pedro de Atacama and one bridge damaged in Quillagua. Some buildings damaged in the Cochabamba-Santa Cruz de la Sierra-Sucre area, [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]]. |1 | - |- |19 |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, {{Cvt|168|km|mi}} southwest of [[Nikolski, Alaska|Nikolski]] |6.0 |41.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |21 |{{Flag|Guatemala}}, [[Jalapa Department|Jalapa]], {{Cvt|6|km|mi}} east of [[Jalapa]] |6.2 |272.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |22 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Malampa Province|Malampa]] offshore, {{Cvt|99|km|mi}} northeast of [[Norsup]] |6.1 |4.0 |VII | - | - | - |- |25 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], {{Cvt|12|km|mi}} south-southwest of [[Sumber, Cirebon|Sumber]] |4.4 |12.8 |V |Three homes and a mosque collapsed and 14 structures damaged in the Kuningan area. | - | - |- |25 |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Kermanshah province|Kermanshah]], {{Cvt|51|km|mi}} east-southeast of [[Sarpol-e Zahab]] |4.8 |10.0 |V |One person injured and several buildings damaged in Dalaho County. | - |1 |- |29 |{{Flag|Tonga}}, [[Haʻapai]] offshore, {{Cvt|73|km|mi}} south-southeast of [[Pangai]] |6.0 |9.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |29 |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Sistan and Baluchistan province|Sistan and Baluchistan]], {{Cvt|31|km|mi}} south-southeast of [[Fanuj|Fannuj]] |4.7 |10.0 |V |More than 400 homes destroyed in Nikshahr County. | - | - |- |} === Agusta ===   [[Fayil:Ground_uplift_Osaki_Karijuku_Aug_2024_01.jpg|left|thumb|273x273px|Subsidence a yankin Kagoshima, Japan]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |2 |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Caraga Region|Caraga]] offshore, {{Cvt|20|km|mi}} E of [[Lingig|Barcelona]] |6.8 |32.0 |VII |Aftershock of the December 2023 Mindanao earthquake. Two homes destroyed and 191 others damaged in the Lingig area. | - | - |- |3 |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Caraga Region|Caraga]] offshore, {{Cvt|44|km|mi}} E of [[Lingig|Barcelona]] |6.3 |15.0 |VI |Aftershock of the 6.8 earthquake six hours earlier. | - | - |- |4<ref>{{Cite web |last=NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION CENTER |date=4 August 2024 |title=Centre Sismologique Euro-Méditerranéen |url=https://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake_information/earthquake.php?id=1691311 |access-date=12 August 2024 |publisher=[[European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre]]}}</ref> |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], {{Cvt|26|km|mi}} SW of [[Bogor]] |3.5 |10.0 | - |Three homes destroyed and 62 others damaged in Bogor Regency. | - | - |- |8 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Miyazaki Prefecture|Miyazaki]] offshore, {{Cvt|19|km|mi}} SSE of [[Miyazaki (city)|Miyazaki]] |7.1 |24.0 |VIII |  | - |16 |- |9 |{{Flag|Japan}}, [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]], {{Cvt|1|km|mi}} N of [[Isehara, Kanagawa|Isehara]] |5.0 |30.3 |VI |Three people injured and water supply outages occurred in the Isehara-Matsuda-Yokosuka area. | - |3 |- |10 |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Sakhalin Oblast|Sakhalin]] offshore, {{Cvt|151|km|mi}} E of [[Dolinsk, Sakhalin Oblast|Dolinsk]] |6.5 |402.2 |III | - | - | - |- |11 |{{Flag|Armenia}}, [[Gegharkunik Province|Gegharkunik]], {{Cvt|4|km|mi}} SSW of [[Lanjaghbyur]] |4.2 |0.7 |VII |Some buildings collapsed and 82 others damaged in the Yeranos area. | - | - |- |12 |{{Flag|Syria|1980}}, [[Hama Governorate|Hama]], {{Cvt|12|km|mi}} NNW of [[Salamiyah|As Salamīyah]] |5.2 |7.3 |VI |One person killed in Afrin and another in Salamiyah. At least 132 others hospitalized and many buildings damaged or destroyed in Salamiyah. Some homes collapsed and several more damaged in the [[Beirut]] area, [[Lebanon]]. |2 |132 |- |12 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Cusco|Cusco]], {{Cvt|5|km|mi}} SSE of [[Caicay District|Caicay]] |4.7 |35.0 |IV |Some homes collapsed, several others damaged and rockfalls occurred in the Lucre area. | - | - |- |15 |{{Flag|Taiwan}}, [[Hualien County|Hualien]] offshore, {{Cvt|30|km|mi}} SSE of [[Hualien City]] |6.1 |14.0 |VI |Aftershock of the 2024 Hualien earthquake. Landslides occurred and two people rescued from elevators in Hualien County. | - | - |- |16 |{{Flag|Syria|1980}}, [[Hama Governorate|Hama]], {{Cvt|5|km|mi}} NNW of [[Salamiyah|As Salamīyah]] |4.8 |10.0 |IV |Aftershock of the 5.0 earthquake on 12 August. Seventeen people injured in Salamiyah. | - |17 |- |17 |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kamchatka Krai]] offshore, {{Cvt|102|km|mi}} E of [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] |7.0 |29.0 |VI |At least 22 buildings damaged and a {{Cvt|25|cm|ft}} tsunami was observed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2024 |title=TSUNAMI MESSAGE NUMBER 3 |url=https://tsunami.gov/events/PHEB/2024/08/17/24230000/3/WEPA40/WEPA40.txt |access-date=18 August 2024 |website=Tsunami.gov |language=en}}</ref> | - | - |- |19 |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Eastern Visayas]] offshore, {{Cvt|21|km|mi}} NNW of [[Mondragon|Bugko]] |5.7 |48.0 |V |Two people injured in Pambujan and Catarman. At least six buildings destroyed and 37 others damaged throughout Northern Samar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2024 |title=Initial Report for the Magnitude 5.7 Earthquake in Pambujan, Northern Samar (Region VIII) |url=https://monitoring-dashboard.ndrrmc.gov.ph/exports/export/incidents/6105 |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=NDRRMC |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | - |2 |- |20 |{{Flag|India}}, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], {{Cvt|8|km|mi}} SW of [[Baramulla|Bāramūla]] |5.1 |14.1 |VII | rowspan="2" |One person killed, three others injured and dozens of homes damaged in the Bandipore-Baramula-Kupwara area.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=Back-to-back earthquakes shake Jammu Kashmir: Cracks in homes, Man injured in Baramulla |url=https://thekashmiriyat.co.uk/back-to-back-earthquakes-shake-jammu-kashmir-cracks-in-homes-man-injured-in-baramulla/ |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=The Kashmiriyat |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=Back-to-Back Earthquakes Strike Kashmir, Causing Panic and Damage to Property |url=https://networkknt.com/2024/08/back-to-back-earthquakes-strike-kashmir-causing-panic-and-damage-to-property/ |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=Network KNT |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2024 |title=Mother of Four Electrocuted During Earthquake in Kashmir |url=https://kashmirlife.net/mother-of-four-electrocuted-during-earthquake-in-kashmir-363949/ |access-date=20 August 2024 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |1 | rowspan="2" |3 |- |20 |{{Flag|India}}, [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], {{Cvt|5|km|mi}} WSW of [[Baramulla|Bāramūla]] |4.5 |13.7 |VII |- |23 |{{Flag|Australia}}, [[New South Wales]], {{Cvt|7|km|mi}} ENE of [[Denman, New South Wales|Denman]] |4.8 |10.0 |V |Several people injured, at least 11 buildings damaged and power outages occurred in the Maitland-Muswellbrook area. | - |Several |- |25 |{{Flag|Mexico}}, [[Oaxaca]], {{Cvt|5|km|mi}} N of [[Tlacolula de Matamoros|San Miguel del Valle]] |4.5 |64.2 |V |One person injured and some buildings damaged in the Oaxaca area. | - |1 |- |25 |{{Flag|Tonga}}, [[Haʻapai]] offshore, {{Cvt|75|km|mi}} W of [[Pangai]] |6.9 |96.0 |VI |Communications disrupted in Haʻapai and Vavaʻu due to damage to the Tonga Cable System. | - | - |- |25 |{{Flag|Tonga}}, [[Haʻapai]] offshore, {{Cvt|65|km|mi}} W of [[Pangai]] |6.0 |99.3 |IV |Aftershock of the 6.9 earthquake one minute prior. | - | - |- |26 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]] offshore, {{Cvt|89|km|mi}} S of [[Bantul|Bambanglipuro]] |5.4 |54.8 |IV |Two people injured in Pacitan and another in Kulon Progo. One home destroyed and 43 others damaged in Gunung Kidul Regency, nine homes and a school damaged in Bantul Regency, three homes damaged in Kulon Progo, a roof collapsed at a market in Sleman Regency, and one home destroyed in Karanganyar. | - |3 |- |28 |{{Flag|El Salvador}}, [[La Libertad Department, El Salvador|La Libertad]] offshore, {{Cvt|56|km|mi}} SSW of [[La Libertad, La Libertad|La Libertad]] |6.1 |26.4 |V |Fifty people stung by bees after a beehive fell due to the shaking in Juayúa. | - |50 |- |30 |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kamchatka Krai]] offshore, {{Cvt|117|km|mi}} E of [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] |6.0 |26.0 |V |Aftershock of the 7.0 earthquake on 17 August. | - | - |- |31 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Ayacucho|Ayacucho]], {{Cvt|10|km|mi}} E of [[Pomabamba District|Pomabamba]] |4.2 |10.0 |V |At least six homes destroyed and 261 buildings damaged in María Parado de Bellido District. | - | - |- |} === Satumba === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |1 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[Autonomous Region of Bougainville|Bougainville]], {{Cvt|56|km|mi}} S of [[Panguna]] |6.4 |39.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |- |4 |{{Flag|Spain}}, [[Valencian Community|Valencia]], {{Cvt|1|km|mi}} SSE of [[Alfafara]] |2.9 |5.0 |III |One home destroyed in the Ontinyent area. | - | - |- |5 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[East Sepik Province|East Sepik]] offshore, {{Cvt|59|km|mi}} NNE of [[Angoram]] |6.2 |7.0 |VI | - | - | - |- |6 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]] offshore, {{Cvt|126|km|mi}} SSW of [[Banjar, West Java|Banjar]] |5.0 |10.3 |II |One home destroyed in Sukabumi Regency. | - | - |- |6 |{{Flag|Australia}}, [[New South Wales]], {{Cvt|7|km|mi}} NNE of [[Denman, New South Wales|Denman]] |4.4 |8.8 |VI |One person injured, 100 buildings damaged and power outages occurred in the Muswellbrook area. | - |1 |- |7 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Bali]], {{Cvt|10|km|mi}} NE of [[Ubud]] |4.9 |10.0 |VI |One person killed and three others injured by a landslide in Kintamani, Bangli. At least ten buildings damaged in the Badung-Denpasar-Gianyar area. |1 |3 |- |11 |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}, [[Manus Province|Manus]] offshore, {{Cvt|168|km|mi}} SW of [[Lorengau]] |6.3 |8.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |15 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], {{Cvt|44|km|mi}} SSE of [[Pelabuhanratu]] |5.0 |51.2 |V |Two buildings collapsed in Garut and three others damaged in [[Bandung]] and West Bandung Regency. | - | - |- |15 |{{Flag|Canada}}, [[British Columbia]] offshore, {{Cvt|271|km|mi}} WNW of [[Port McNeill]] |6.5 |3.8 |V | - | - | - |- |16 |{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}} offshore, {{Cvt|266|km|mi}} NE of [[Saipan]] |6.3 |31.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |17 |{{Flag|Turkey}}, [[Malatya Province|Malatya]], {{Cvt|9|km|mi}} NE of [[Sincik]] |4.1 |10.0 |IV |One person injured in Malatya. | - |1 |- |18 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], {{Cvt|15|km|mi}} ESE of [[Banjar, West Java|Banjar]] |5.0 |10.0 |IV<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2024 |title=Informasi Gempabumi Dirasakan |url=https://static.bmkg.go.id/20240918094108.mmi.jpg |access-date=21 September 2024 |publisher=BMKG |language=id |type=Image}}</ref> |  |2 |159 |- |19 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[North Maluku]] offshore, {{Cvt|91|km|mi}} NE of [[Tobelo]] |5.2 |26.1 |V |Six homes collapsed and 50 buildings damaged in the Morotai area. | - | - |- |19 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Bali]], {{Cvt|15|km|mi}} NW of [[Karangasem Regency|Banjar Wangsian]] |4.6 |10.0 |V |One person injured and 18,000 livestock killed after a fire caused by the shaking at a chicken coop in Bangli. At least five structures collapsed and 62 others damaged in the Badung-Denpasar-Gianyar area. | - |1 |- |21 |{{Flag|Argentina}}, [[San Juan Province, Argentina|San Juan]], {{Cvt|95|km|mi}} NNW of [[Villa General Roca]] |6.0 |141.0 |IV | - | - | - |- |21 |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[North Khorasan province|North Khorasan]], {{Cvt|22|km|mi}} N of [[Bojnurd]] |4.6 |10.0 |IV |Eight people injured and several homes damaged in the Asadli-Mehnan-Qarah Bashlu area. | - |8 |- |22 |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[North Khorasan province|North Khorasan]], {{Cvt|34|km|mi}} N of [[Bojnurd]] |4.8 |10.0 |V |Forty-eight people injured, some homes collapsed and 36 homes damaged in the Bojnurd area. | - |48 |- |23 |{{Flag|Peru}}, [[Department of Ayacucho|Ayacucho]], {{Cvt|16|km|mi}} SSW of [[Gundumar Ayna|Ayna]] |4.2 |34.3 |IV |At least five homes collapsed and 133 buildings damaged in the Tambo-Uchuraccay area. | - | - |- |23 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Gorontalo]] offshore, {{Cvt|67|km|mi}} SSW of [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]] |6.0 |143.0 |IV |At least two mosques and two schools damaged in the Banggai-Boalemo-Gorontalo area. | - | - |- |26 |{{Flagicon|Mauritius}}{{Flagicon|Réunion}} [[Moris|Mauritius]]–[[Réunion]] region |6.3 |10.0 | - | - | - | - |} === Oktoba === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |1 |, [[Southeast Sulawesi|Kudu maso gabashin Sulawesi]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|260|km|mi}} gabashin kudu maso gabobin [[Baubau]]{{Flag|Indonesia}} |6.1 |576.0 |Na biyu | - | - | - |- |1 |, [[Vavaʻu]], {{Cvt|125|km|mi}} kudu maso gabashin [[Neiafu (Vavaʻu)|Neiafu]]{{Flag|Tonga}} |6.6 |10.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |2 |, [[West Java|Yammacin Java]], kilomita {{Cvt|12|km|mi}} (7.5 S na [[Palabuhanratu]]{{Flag|Indonesia}} |4.3 |62.2 |Na Uku |Gida daya ya rushe a Sukabumi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024 |title=Gempa 4,5 Magnitudo, Rumah Janda di Sukabumi Ambruk |url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2024/10/02/525/3070078/gempa-4-5-magnitudo-rumah-janda-di-sukabumi-ambruk |access-date=2 October 2024 |publisher=Okezone |language=id}}</ref> | - | - |- |6 |, [[Oromia]], {{Cvt|28|km|mi}} km (17 N na [[Awash, Ethiopia|Awash]]{{Flag|Ethiopia}} |5.2 |10.0 |Na huɗu |Wasu gidaje sun rushe, wasu biyu, masallaci da makaranta sun lalace kuma raguwar ƙasa ta bayyana a yankin Awash Fentale.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=አዋሽ ፈንታሌ በመሬት መንቀጥቀጥ የተወሰኑ ቤቶችን መፍረሳቸው ተሠምቷል |url=https://addismaleda.com/archives/39241 |access-date=7 October 2024 |publisher=Addis Maleda |language=am}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=ስለ አዋሽ ፈንታሌ የመሬት መንቀጥቀጥ የሰመራ ዩኒቨርስቲ ባለሙያዎች እና የወረዳው አስተዳዳሪ ምን አሉ? |url=https://www.bbc.com/amharic/articles/c749vev3gg4o |access-date=7 October 2024 |publisher=BBC News |language=am}}</ref> | - | - |- |12 |, [[Guanacaste Province|Guanacaste]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|40|km|mi}} km (25 WNW na [[Tamarindo, Costa Rica|Tamarindo]]{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |6.2 |16.0 |V | - | - | - |- |16 |, [[Malatya Province|Malatya]], {{Cvt|19|km|mi}} km (12 W na [[Doğanyol]]{{Flag|Turkey}} |6.0 |10.0 |Na takwas |Mutane hamsin da biyar sun ji rauni, wani gini ya rushe kuma wasu gidajen laka sun lalace a Malatya; mutane 116 sun ji rauni، gine-gine 22 sun lalace kuma wasu 517 sun lalace, mutane 37 sun ji rauni , daya balcon ya rushe da wasu gidaje sun lalace da Şanliurfa; mutane 19 sun ji rauni a Diyarbakır, 18 a Adıyaman, shida a Erzincan da wasu uku a Kahramanmaraş.<ref name="yenimesaj">{{Cite web |date=17 October 2024 |title=Bakan Yerlikaya: "5.9 büyüklüğündeki depremden 249 vatandaş etkilendi" |url=https://www.yenimesaj.com.tr/bakan-yerlikaya-59-buyuklugundeki-depremden-249-vatandas-etkilendi-H1544823.htm |access-date=17 October 2024 |publisher=Yeni Mesaj Gazetesi |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2024 |title=Depremde kerpiç evler hasar gördü |url=https://www.antalyaekspres.com.tr/depremde-kerpic-evler-hasar-gordu |access-date=16 October 2024 |publisher=Antalya Ekspres |language=tr}}</ref><ref name="hurriyet" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2024 |title=Malatya'daki depremde kırsaldaki evleri hasar gören Elazığlılar canlarını kurtardıklarına seviniyor |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/malatyadaki-depremde-kirsaldaki-evleri-hasar-goren-elaziglilar-canlarini-kurtardiklarina-seviniyor/3365304 |access-date=16 October 2024 |publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]] |language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2024 |title=Deprem Şanlıurfa'yı da vurdu! Bazı evlerde hasar... |url=https://www.gazeteipekyol.com/haber/15702797/deprem-sanliurfayi-da-vurdu-bazi-evlerde-hasar |access-date=16 October 2024 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name="yenimesaj" /> | - |254 |- |17 |, [[Sivas Province|Sivas]], {{Cvt|23|km|mi}} km (14 S na [[Hafik]]{{Flag|Turkey}} |4.5 |9.3 |Na shida |Dalibai biyar da aka kwantar a asibiti saboda hare-haren tsoro da gidaje 12 a ƙauyuka biyu da suka lalace a yankin tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2024 |title=Sivas'ta Meydana Gelen İki Depremde 12 Ev Hafif Hasar Gördü |url=https://www.haberler.com/genel/sivas-ta-meydana-gelen-iki-depremde-12-ev-hafif-hasar-gordu-17942371-haberi/ |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Haberler |language=tr}}</ref> | - |5 |- |22 |, [[West Java|Yammacin Java]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|53|km|mi}} S na [[Tasikmalaya Regency|Kawalu]]{{Flag|Indonesia}} |4.7 |94.0 |Na biyu |Gida daya da aka lalata a Garut.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2024 |title=Anggota DPRD Garut Bersama Camat Cigedug Tengok Rumah Rubuh Akibat Gempa |url=https://garut.inews.id/read/510321/anggota-dprd-garut-bersama-camat-cigedug-tengok-rumah-rubuh-akibat-gempa |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=iNews |language=id}}</ref> | - | - |- |23 |, [[Sakhalin Oblast|Sakhalin]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|146|km|mi}} SSW na [[Severo-Kurilsk]]{{Flag|Russia}} |6.2 |40.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |30 |, [[West New Britain Province|Yammacin New Britain]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|126|km|mi}} N na [[Kimbe]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} |6.0 |509.0 |Na Uku | - | - | - |- |30 |, [[Oregon]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|267|km|mi}} W na [[Bandon, Oregon|Bandon]]{{Flag|United States}} |6.0 |10.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Ranar</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Kasar da wuri</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Rashin zurfi (kilomita) </small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Bayani</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Wadanda suka mutu</small> |- !<small>Matattu</small> !<small>Wadanda suka ji rauni</small> |- |2 |, [[Semnan province|Semnan]], {{Cvt|9|km|mi}} SE na [[Garmsar|Īstgāh-e Rāh Āhan-e Garmsār]]{{Flag|Iran}} |4.6 |10.0 |V |Mutane ashirin da hudu sun ji rauni, mummunar lalacewa da katsewar wutar lantarki sun faru a yankin Garmsar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2024 |title=شمار مصدومان زلزله امروز گرمسار افزایش یافت |url=https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/1010515/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA |access-date=2 November 2024 |website=Asriran |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2024 |title=زلزله گرمسار با شدت ۴.۸ ریشتر و آماده‌باش نیروهای امدادی |url=https://www.rokna.net/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB%D9%87-245/1058453-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C |access-date=2 November 2024 |website=Rokna.net |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2024 |title=Earthquake shakes Iran's Garmsar causing damage, tremors felt in Tehran |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2507119/earthquake-shakes-irans-garmsar-causing-damage-tremors-felt-in-tehran |access-date=2 November 2024 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> | - |24 |- |4 |, [[Department of Huancavelica|Huancavelica]], {{Cvt|18|km|mi}} km (11 NNW na [[Santa Ana District, Castrovirreyna|Santa Ana]]{{Flag|Peru}} |5.7 |106.0 |Na huɗu |Mutum daya ya ji rauni a Gundumar San Juan de Yanac . | - |1 |- |8 |, [[Aysén Region|Aysén]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|239|km|mi}} WNW na [[Cochrane, Chile|Cochrane]]{{Flag|Chile}} |6.3 |10.0 |Na takwas | - | - | - |- |10 |, [[Granma Province|Granma]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|43|km|mi}} S na [[Bartolomé Masó, Cuba|Bartolomé Masó]]{{Flag|Cuba}} |6.8 |14.0 |VII |Mutane goma sun ji rauni, gidaje 156 sun lalace, wasu 8,444, gine-ginen jama'a 474, tashar jiragen ruwa da hasken wuta na Faro Vargas sun lalace kuma wutar lantarki ta lalace a yankin Granma-Santiago na Cuba. | - |10 |- |14 |, [[Razavi Khorasan province|Razavi Khorasan]], {{Cvt|36|km|mi}} km (22 NNW na [[Torbat-e Heydarieh]]{{Flag|Iran}} |4.2 |10.0 |Na huɗu |Mutane goma sha ɗaya sun ji rauni a yankin Kashmar. | - |11 |- |15 |, Gabashin New Britain, {{Cvt|123|km|mi}} ESE na [[Kokopo]]{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} |6.6 |56.0 |Na shida | - | - | - |- |15 |, [[Rize Province|Rize]], {{Cvt|2|km|mi}} WNW na [[Hemşin District|Nurluca]]{{Flag|Turkey}} |4.5 |10.0 |Na takwas |Ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan ajiya ya lalace, gidaje uku da masallaci sun lalace a Gundumar Hemşin. | - | - |- |17 |, [[Kagoshima Prefecture|Kagoshima]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|155|km|mi}} SSE na [[Koshima]]{{Flag|Japan}} |6.1 |8.0 |Na huɗu | - | - | - |- |19<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2024 |title=Un sismo de 4,2 vuelve a sacudir Granma y Santiago de Cuba, como parte del 'despertar de la falla Oriente' |url=https://diariodecuba.com/cuba/1732039263_58417.html |access-date=21 November 2024 |publisher=Diario de Cuba |language=es}}</ref> |, [[Granma Province|Granma]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|20|km|mi}} km (12 SW na [[Pilón, Cuba|Pilon]]{{Flag|Cuba}} |4.2 |10.0 | - |Sakamakon taron 6.8 a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba. Gidaje da yawa sun lalace kuma wasu da yawa sun lalata a yankin Pilón. | - | - |- |21 |{{Cvt|8|km|mi}}, [[Ayeyarwady Region|Ayeyarwady]], 8 S na [[Kyaiklat]]{{Flag|Myanmar}} |4.2 |15.5 |V |Ɗaya daga cikin pagoda ya rushe kuma gidaje da yawa da gine-ginen addini sun lalace a yankin Kyaiklat. | - | - |- |21<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2024 |title=Earthquake information |url=https://emsc-csem.org/Earthquake_information/earthquake.php?id=1733585 |access-date=21 November 2024 |publisher=EMSC-CSEM}}</ref> |, [[West Java|Yammacin Java]], {{Cvt|26|km|mi}} km (16 E na [[Sukabumi]]{{Flag|Indonesia}} |2.9 |12.0 | - |Ɗaya daga cikin makarantun ya rushe kuma gine-gine 21 sun lalace a Cianjur Regency. | - | - |- |26 |, [[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]] bakin teku, {{Cvt|38|km|mi}} km (24 WNW na [[Hakui, Ishikawa|Hakui]]{{Flag|Japan}} |6.1 |8.0 |Na shida |Mutum daya ya ji rauni a Tsubata. | - |1 |- |} === Disamba ===   {| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; margin-left:1em;" |+ ! rowspan="2" |<small>Date</small> ! rowspan="2" style="width: 310px" |<small>Country and location</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>M<sub>w</sub></small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>Depth (km)</small> ! rowspan="2" |<small>MMI</small> ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |<small>Notes</small> ! colspan="2" |<small>Casualties</small> |- !<small>Dead</small> !<small>Injured</small> |- |4 |{{Flag|India}}, [[Telangana]], {{Cvt|53|km|mi}} ENE of [[Mulugu]] |5.0 |10.0 |V |One home and a portico collapsed and several others damaged in the Bhadradri Kothagudem-Eturnagaram-Hanamkonda area. | - | - |- |5 |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]], {{Cvt|28|km|mi}} SE of [[Masjed Soleyman]] |5.4 |17.0 |VI |Forty-eight people injured 100 homes destroyed and 7,000 others damaged, landslides blocked roads and power outages in the Golgir area. | - |48 |- |5 |{{Flag|United States}}, [[California]] offshore, {{Cvt|63|km|mi}} W of [[Petrolia, California|Petrolia]] |7.0 |10.0 |VIII |Some homes damaged and others shifted from their foundations in the Ferndale-Fortuna area.<ref name="McGuire">{{Cite tweet|user=ilike_mike|title=The State is sending immediate assistance to Humboldt & Del Norte Counties to assist with emergency operations.|access-date=2024-12-05}}</ref> One road damaged and a gas leak occurred at a school in Rio Dell.<ref name="Humboldt" /> Many stores incurred damage from fallen merchandise and goods, and 10,000 customers affected by power outages in Humboldt County. | - | - |- |6 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[Central Sulawesi]] offshore, {{Cvt|234|km|mi}} WNW of [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]] |5.5 |12.6 |V |Three homes destroyed and 20 structures damaged in Buol Regency. | - | - |- |7 |{{Flag|Indonesia}}, [[West Java]], {{Cvt|14|km|mi}} E of [[Banjar, West Java|Banjar]] |4.6 |6.9 | - |At least 11 homes and two schools destroyed and 117 structures damaged in Garut. | - | - |- |8 |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kuril Islands]] offshore |6.0 |207.0 |III | - | - | - |- |8 |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, {{Cvt|108|km|mi}} SSW of [[Adak, Alaska|Adak]] |6.3 |18.0 |III | rowspan="2" |An example of a doublet earthquake. | - | - |- |9 |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, {{Cvt|104|km|mi}} SSW of [[Adak, Alaska|Adak]] |6.3 |19.0 |IV | - | - |- |9 |{{Flag|United States}}, [[Alaska]] offshore, {{Cvt|126|km|mi}} SSW of [[Adak, Alaska|Adak]] |6.1 |10.0 |III |Aftershock of the 6.3 doublet earthquakes on December 8–9. | - | - |- |9 |{{Flag|El Salvador}}, [[La Unión Department|La Unión]], {{Cvt|9|km|mi}} S of [[Conchagua]] |5.6 |15.4 |VII |Ten homes destroyed, 180 others, a church and a warehouse damaged and landslides in the Conchagua-La Unión area. | - | - |- |9 |{{Flag|Italy}}, [[Lazio]] offshore, {{Cvt|3|km|mi}} SE of [[Formia]] |4.0 |10.0 | - |Several homes and buildings damaged or destroyed in the Roccamonfina area. | - | - |- |13 |{{Flag|Iran}}, [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]], {{Cvt|29|km|mi}} S of [[Sari, Iran|Sari]] |4.7 |10.0 |V |At least 78 homes damaged in Mazandaran province. | - | - |- |13 |{{Flag|Chile}}, [[Maule Region|Maule]], {{Cvt|56|km|mi}} ESE of [[Molina, Chile|Molina]] |6.4 |109.0 |VI |Minor damage and power outages occurred in the Los Ríos-[[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]]-Valparaíso area. | - | - |- |17 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] offshore, {{Cvt|24|km|mi}} WNW of [[Port Vila]] |7.3 |54.4 | data-sort-value="VIIII" |IX |  |14 |265 |- |- |20 |{{Flag|Nepal}}, [[Sudurpashchim Province|Sudurpashchim]], {{Cvt|62|km|mi}} WNW of [[Jumla (town)|Jumla]] |5.0 |10.0 |V |At least 108 homes destroyed and 501 structures damaged in Bajura District. | - | - |- |21 |{{Flag|Vanuatu}}, [[Shefa Province|Shefa]] offshore, {{Cvt|30|km|mi}} W of [[Port Vila]] |6.1 |46.0 |V |Aftershock of the 7.3 earthquake four days prior. | - | - |- |23 |{{Flag|Cuba}}, [[Santiago de Cuba Province|Santiago de Cuba]] offshore, {{Cvt|41|km|mi}} SSW of [[Guisa]] |5.9 |7.0 |VI |One balcony collapsed in Manzanillo, 94 structures damaged in the epicentral area and rockfalls blocked roads in Guamá. | - | - |- |27 |{{Flag|Russia}}, [[Kuril Islands]] offshore, {{Cvt|341|km|mi}} NE of [[Kuril'sk]] |6.8 |146.0 |V | - | - | - |- |27 |{{Flag|El Salvador}}, [[Sonsonate Department|Sonsonate]] offshore, {{Cvt|26|km|mi}} SW of [[Acajutla]] |4.7 |76.9 |IV |Four workers injured by falling debris at a road construction site in the Santa Tecla area. | - |4 |- |29 |{{Flag|Ethiopia}}, [[Oromia]], {{Cvt|36|km|mi}} NNW of [[Awash, Ethiopia|Awash]] |5.1 |10.0 |IV |Part of an earthquake swarm. More than 50 homes and shops destroyed, 100 others and a road damaged, and ground cracks in the Awash Fentale-Dulecha area. | - | - |- |30 |{{Flag|Philippines}}, [[Ilocos Region|Ilocos]], {{Cvt|11|km|mi}} SE of [[Bangui]] |5.5 |34.0 |V |Several buildings damaged, some of them severely, in the Bangui-Pasuquin-Sarrat area. | - | - |- |} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ky5xr9kk919ar8jn45u93adcpqz0boy 0 120937 840378 737260 2026-05-27T01:46:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jean-Claude Guédon''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1943 a [[Le Havre]], [[Faransa]] ) malami ne na tushen [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Watts |first=Geoff |date=2 January 2004 |title=Crusaders for a truly free flow of ideas |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/182015.article |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=Times Higher Education}}</ref> == Ilimi == A cikin 1960-61, ya kasance [[Musayar matasa|ɗalibin musayar]] Sabis na Filin Amurka a Makarantar Sakandare ta Kenmore Gabas a Tonawanda, New York ( [[Tarayyar Amurka|US]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inria |title=Agenda - Inria |url=http://www.inria.fr/actualites/colloques/2000/COLLOQUIUM191220-fra.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061223224921/http://www.inria.fr/actualites/colloques/2000/COLLOQUIUM191220-fra.html |archive-date=2006-12-23 |access-date=2010-02-03 |website=Inria}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da karatun [[Kimiyya|sinadarai]] a Jami'ar Clarkson a Potsdam, New York kuma ya sami digiri na uku. a cikin tarihin [[kimiyya]] a Jami'ar Wisconsin, Madison a 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scholarship and Libraries in Transition: A Dialogue about the Impacts of Mass Digitization |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/57298/3/speakerinfo.pdf |access-date=26 August 2013}}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Ya fara aikinsa a Kwalejin Glendon (Jami'ar York) a [[Toronto]], Ontario a cikin 1970. Ya kasance farfesa a ''Jami'ar Montréal'' tun 1973, na farko a ''Institut d'histoire et de sociopolitique des sciences'' kuma, tun 1987, a cikin ''Département de littérature comparée'' . Ya kasance memba na dogon lokaci na Ƙungiyar [[Intanet]] wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin shirin a 1996, 1998 da 2000, kuma memba na wannan kwamiti a 1997, 1999 da 2002. <ref name="umtl">{{Cite web |title=GUÉDON, Jean-Claude |url=http://www.littco.umontreal.ca/personnel/guedon_j-c.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124195638/http://www.littco.umontreal.ca/personnel/guedon_j-c.htm |archive-date=January 24, 2010 |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=Université de Montréal}}</ref> == Ayyukan ilimi == Tsakanin 1998 da 2003, ya kasance Shugaban Hukumar [[Shawara]] ta CNSLP (Project License License Project na Kanada <ref name="umtl"/> yanzu aka sani da CRKN (Cibiyar Ilimin Ilimin Kanada na Kanada ). Libraries ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=EIFL management board and advisory board |url=http://www.eifl.net/eifl-management-board-and-advisory-board |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130826160244/http://www.eifl.net/eifl-management-board-and-advisory-board |archive-date=26 August 2013 |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=EIFL}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Access and the Academy: A Lively Discussion on The Future of Scholarly Publishing |url=http://www.lib.umich.edu/copyright/open-access-and-academy-lively-discussion-future-scholarly-publishing |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805085947/http://www.lib.umich.edu/copyright/open-access-and-academy-lively-discussion-future-scholarly-publishing |archive-date=5 August 2012 |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=University of Michigan}}</ref> 2006 an zabe shi (har zuwa Nuwamba 2008) Mataimakin Shugaban Tarayyar Kanada don Harkokin [[Ɗan Adam|Dan Adam]] da Kimiyyar zamantakewa . Ya shawarci ƙungiyoyin gwamnati da yawa, ciki har da ''Ministère de la Recherche'' (Faransa) don aikinsu na e-buga a cikin ɗan adam da ilimin [[zamantakewa]]; ''Agence de la francophonie'' don al'amuran da suka shafi sababbin [[fasaha]]; Ministan [[Sadarwa]] na Quebec mai kula da babbar hanyar sadarwa; da ma'aikatar ilimi ta Quebec don haɗa sabbin fasahohi a cikin tsarin karatun. Ya kuma mai suna mai suna "Leita malami mai <ref>{{Cite web |title=CONTEXTS - Scholarly Communication Today - Dr Jean-Claude Guédon |url=http://pager.uregina.ca/contexts/guedon.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706211221/http://pager.uregina.ca/contexts/guedon.html |archive-date=2011-07-06 |access-date=2010-02-03}}</ref> a <ref>{{Cite web |title=Section on University Libraries & General Research Libraries: Newsletter |url=http://www.ifla.org/VII/s2/pub/no29.pdf |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions}}</ref> [[National Library of Medicine|National]] Journal Messagesic Journal Mobilyical ''Lantarki'' na [[Open Humanities Press|Ildin]] [[open access|Kasa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About - Steering Group |url=http://openhumanitiespress.org/steering-group.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310124114/http://openhumanitiespress.org/steering-group.html |archive-date=10 March 2013 |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=Open Humanities Press}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana kan Kwamitin Gudanar da Ilimi & Shawarwari na [[Open Library of Humanities|Buɗaɗɗen Laburaren Laburaren Dan Adam]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howard |first=Jennifer |date=29 January 2013 |title=Project Aims to Bring PLoS-Style Openness to the Humanities |url=http://chronicle.com/article/Project-Aims-to-Bring/136889/ |access-date=19 November 2013 |website=The Chronicle of Higher Education}}</ref> Ya lashe kyaututtukan ilimi irin su Prix International Charles Hélou de la francophonie (1996) <ref name="umtl2">{{Cite web |title=GUÉDON, Jean-Claude |url=http://www.littco.umontreal.ca/personnel/guedon_j-c.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124195638/http://www.littco.umontreal.ca/personnel/guedon_j-c.htm |archive-date=January 24, 2010 |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=Université de Montréal}}</ref> da kuma Kyautar Kyauta ta Ƙungiyar Jama'ar Kanada don Digital Humanities / Société canadienne des humanités numériques (wanda aka fi sani da [[Canadian Society for Digital Humanities|COSH-COCH]] ) a cikin 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean-Claude Guédon |url=http://www.crics8.org/agendas/program/person.php?lang=en&id=19 |access-date=26 August 2013 |website=CRICS 8th Regional Congress on Health Sciences Information |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303040512/http://www.crics8.org/agendas/program/person.php?lang=en&id=19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, An kafa lambar yabo ta Jeandon zuwa 20zela. "mafi kyawun labarin akan batutuwan wallafe-wallafen masana da / ko buɗe damar shiga." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prix Jean-Claude Guédon |url=http://www.crihn.org/nouvelles/2018/04/28/prix-jean-claude-guedon/}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 18vma7gnp2piq0m35agoha14pwf6v6s 0 122263 840441 743479 2026-05-27T09:47:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 10 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joel Ogebe''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1993) ya kasance wanda kuma ake kira Sound of Salem shi ne mai wa'azi, mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙa na [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shi ne wanda ya kafa House of Salem International, wanda ke da hedikwata a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya. Ya sami shahara tare da waƙoƙin "We Will Be Many" da "Promise Keeper".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duru |first=Victor |date=2025-07-18 |title=Prophet Joel Shares Why He Burnt Cheque Pastor Paul's Church Gave His Team after Ministration - Legit.ng |url=https://www.legit.ng/people/1665004-prophet-joel-shares-burnt-cheque-pastor-pauls-church-gave-team-ministration/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=www.legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Joel Ogebe a ranar 16 ga Maris 1993, a Jos, Jihar Plateau, Najeriya, ga Fasto Matthew Ogebe da Mrs. Mary Ogebe . Ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin yaro a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], ya kammala karatun firamare a Makarantar Firamare ta Ruhu Mai Tsarki, [[Makurdi]] . Don karatun sakandare, ya halarci Kwalejin Majalisar Allah, Makurdi . Daga baya, ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar jihar Benuwai|Kwalejin Ilimi, Oju]], inda ya yi karatun Biology da Geography.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogebe an haife ta ne a cikin iyalin Kirista masu ibada. Ya fara aikin minista yana da shekaru 13, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da ya girma. Koyaya, ya fara hidima mai aiki a hukumance a Makurdi, [[Benue (jiha)|Jihar Benue]], ya fara aiki tare da Burden Bearers Fellowship a Ikilisiyar Gaskiya da Rayuwa. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 24, ya kafa Fire City International, Makurdi . Daga baya, ya koma [[Abuja]], inda ya fara Love Family International . Tare da lokaci, ma'aikatar ta zama gidan Salem International. A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2022, Manzo Arome Osayi ne ya kaddamar da gidan Salem International . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A halin yanzu, House of Salem International tana aiki a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Abuja]], [[Kalaba|Calabar]], da Ingila. Ogebe kuma ita ce jagorar mawaƙa da marubucin waƙa don Sound of Salem . A cikin 2022, ya fitar da waƙarsa ta farko "Alive in Me". A watan Fabrairun 2025, ya fitar da waƙar "We Will Be Many" tare da Lawrence Oyor da Moses Akoh . Waƙar ta sami shahara ta kai sama da ra'ayoyi miliyan 15 a kan [[Spotify]] kadai, tun daga watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2025. == Bayanan da aka yi == === Albums === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekarar da aka saki !Taken !Bayani !Ref |- |''Maris 2025'' |''Mulkin mallaka'' | * Yawan Waƙoƙi: 7 * Tsarin: Ruwa, sauke dijital |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} === Zaɓaɓɓun mutane === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Taken !Ref |- |2022 |''Rayuwa a cikin ni'' | |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''Tsuntsu'' | |- |''Yaro'' | |- |''Emmanuel'' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Waƙar da ke cikin gidan yari'' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duru |first=Victor |date=2025-07-18 |title=Prophet Joel Shares Why He Burnt Cheque Pastor Paul's Church Gave His Team after Ministration - Legit.ng |url=https://www.legit.ng/people/1665004-prophet-joel-shares-burnt-cheque-pastor-pauls-church-gave-team-ministration/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=www.legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Ina jin yunwa don farfadowa'' | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Za mu kasance da yawa <small>ft Lawrence Oyor da Moses Akoh</small>'' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |''Mai Tsaro na Alkawari'' | |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |''Imol'' | |- |''Haɗuwa'' |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Hotunan fina-finai == * Annabi Ba zato ba tsammani 2<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="3" |2025 | rowspan="3" |Kyautar Masu Amincewa da Masarauta |Mai zane-zane na Afro na shekara|{{Pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Zaɓin Masu kallo|{{Pending}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duru |first=Victor |date=2025-07-18 |title=Prophet Joel Shares Why He Burnt Cheque Pastor Paul's Church Gave His Team after Ministration - Legit.ng |url=https://www.legit.ng/people/1665004-prophet-joel-shares-burnt-cheque-pastor-pauls-church-gave-team-ministration/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=www.legit.ng |language=en}}</ref> |- |Mai zane-zane na shekara|{{Pending}} | |- |2025 |Kyautar CLIMA |Waƙar Afirka ta Shekara|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edubi |first=Omotayo |date=2025-10-31 |title=Sound of Salem Releases Powerful New Gospel Anthem “Connect” |url=https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251103143512/https://thesun.ng/sound-of-salem-releases-powerful-new-gospel-anthem-connect/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ogebe ya auri Deborah Joel Adole a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2023 a wani bikin aure na sirri. Tare, suna zaune a Legas, Najeriya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 70lxkg9tpp334yuuyww6kik5gcatkt4 0 122903 840382 746017 2026-05-27T02:50:11Z PaulLim11 37929 /* Hotunan Ƴan wasa */ Lee Byung-hun image 840382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Squid Game''''' (Korean '''오징어 게임''') wani shirin talabijin ne mai ban sha'awa na rayuwa a Koriya ta Kudu wanda Hwang Dong-hyuk ya ƙirƙira, ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni don [[Netflix]] . Shirin ya ta'allaka ne akan wani gasa ta sirri inda 'yan wasa 456, waɗanda dukkansu ke cikin mawuyacin hali na kuɗi, ke yin kasada da rayukansu don yin jerin wasannin yara waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwa idan aka kawar da su, don samun damar lashe dala ₩ kyauta . Taken shirin ya samo asali ne daga wasan yara na Koriya, ''Ojingeo'' ("squid"). Lee Jung-jae, wanda ke nuna jarumin shirin Seong Gi-hun, shi ne ke jagorantar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo . Hwang ya yi tunanin ra'ayin ne bisa ga gwagwarmayarsa ta tattalin arziki, da kuma bambancin aji a Koriya ta Kudu da [[jari-hujja]].<ref name="guardian hwang 20211026">{{Cite web |last=Jefferies |first=Stuart |date=October 26, 2021 |title=Squid Game's creator: 'I'm not that rich. It's not like Netflix paid me a bonus' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/26/squid-games-creator-rich-netflix-bonus-hwang-dong-hyuk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026052343/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/26/squid-games-creator-rich-netflix-bonus-hwang-dong-hyuk |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Kodayake ya rubuta labarin a shekara ta 2009, Hwang bai iya samun kamfanin samarwa ba don tallafawa ra'ayin har sai Netflix ya yi sha'awar a kusa da 2019 a matsayin wani ɓangare na fitarwa don fadada shirye-shiryen kasashen waje. An saki kakar wasa ta farko ta Squid Game a duk duniya a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 2021, zuwa yabo mai mahimmanci da kuma kulawar duniya. Ya zama jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix da aka fi kallo kuma ya sami yabo da yawa, gami da lambar yabo ta Primetime Emmy guda shida da Golden Globe guda ɗaya. An saki kakar wasa ta biyu a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2024, sannan kuma kakar wasa na uku da na karshe, wacce aka yi fim tare da ta biyu, a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2025. Shekaru biyu na ƙarshe sun haɗu da sake dubawa mai kyau daga masu sukar. == Farko == A Koriya ta Kudu, Seong Gi-hun, mahaifin da ya sake aure kuma Mai shan caca wanda ke zaune tare da mahaifiyarsa tsohuwa, an gayyace shi don yin jerin wasannin yara don samun dama a babban kyautar kuɗi. Da yake karɓar tayin, an kai shi wani wuri da ba a sani ba inda ya sami kansa tsakanin wasu 'yan wasa 455 waɗanda duk suna cikin matsala ta kudi. Ana sanya 'yan wasan su sa kayan ado na kore kuma ana kiyaye su a duk lokacin da masu tsaron da ke rufe fuska a cikin riguna masu ruwan hoda, tare da wasannin da Front Man ke kula da su, wanda ke sanye da baƙar fata da baƙar tufafi. Ba da daɗewa ba 'yan wasan suka gano cewa rasa wasan yana haifar da mutuwarsu, tare da kowane mutuwa yana ba da gudummawa (US $ ga yiwuwar babbar kyautar (US $ . {{Efn|At the time of broadcast, {{KRW|45.6 billion}} was approximately {{USD|38 million|link=yes}} or {{€|33 million|link=yes}}.}}{{Efn|In an interview with ''Vanity Fair'', Hwang revealed the original number of participants for the game in the original script was around 1000, but he later reduced the numbers due to budget issues. The amount of total prize money for the show was set similar to the largest amount of prize money ever given for [[lottery|lotteries]] in South Korea. Gi-hun was allocated the last number, 456, to reflect his social status in the show.<ref name="vanity fair" />}} Gi-hun ya haɗa kai da wasu 'yan wasa, ciki har da abokinsa na yaro Cho Sang-woo da kuma dan Koriya ta Arewa Kang Sae-byeok, don ƙoƙarin tsira daga rikice-rikicen jiki da na tunani na wasannin, yayin da mai bincike Hwang Jun-ho ya shiga cikin wasannin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu gadi don neman ɗan'uwansa da ya ɓace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Squid Game – (Korean Drama, 2020, 오징어게임) |url=https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Squid_Game.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811183251/https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Squid_Game.php |archive-date=August 11, 2021 |access-date=August 12, 2021 |website=[[HanCinema]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2021 |title=Korean series 'Squid Game' gives deadly twist to children's games |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/15/21/kiddie-games-turn-deadly-in-korean-series-squid-game |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915130336/https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/15/21/kiddie-games-turn-deadly-in-korean-series-squid-game |archive-date=September 15, 2021 |access-date=September 15, 2021 |website=ABS-CBN News}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta biyu, Gi-hun, wanda ya yi rantsuwa da fansa shekaru uku bayan ya lashe wasan, ya sake shiga ciki don ɗaukar fansa a kan Front Man kuma ya kawo karshen wasan har abada, kuma jami'in 'yan sanda Jun-ho, ɗan'uwan Front Man ya haɗu da shi. Bayan ya ɗauki cikakken iko da wasan bayan mutuwar mahaliccin Il-nam, Mutumin gaba yana ƙoƙari ya sa Gi-hun ya ga cewa babu wata hanyar da zai iya kawo ƙarshen wasannin saboda yanayin gaskiya na mutane.[1] Gi-hun zai fara buga wasan Squid na gaba. Gi-hun ya haɗa kai da wasu 'yan wasa, ciki har da abokinsa mafi kyau Park Jung-bae da wata yarinya mai ciki Kim Jun-hee, don ƙoƙarin tsira daga rikice-rikicen jiki da tunani na wasannin, yayin da mai bincike Hwang Jun-ho da Choi Woo-seok dole ne su sami Tsibirin yayin da Kang No-eul ya fara aiki a matsayin Squid Game Guard. A kakar wasa na uku da na karshe, Gi-hun da 'yan wasan suna gwagwarmaya don tsira a wasannin da suka fi muni, waɗanda ke da mummunar sakamako. In-ho ya maraba da VIPs yayin da ɗan'uwansa Jun-ho ya ci gaba da neman tsibirin, ba tare da sanin mai cin amana a tsakiyar su ba. == Hotunan Ƴan wasa == <gallery widths="120" heights="120" perrow="5"> Fayil:Lee Jung-jae.png|Lee Jung-jae (Seong Gi-hun, Mai kunnawa 456) Fayil:이병헌 - 어쩔수가없다.jpg|Lee Byung-hun (Hwang In-ho, Mutumin gaba) Fayil:20210923—Wi Ha-joon 위하준, Squid Game promo, ELLE Taiwan screenshot (05m43s).jpg|Wi Ha-joon (Detector na ’yan sanda Hwang Jun-ho) Fayil:20210923—Park Hae-soo 박해수, interview, ELLE Taiwan screenshot (02m20s).jpg|Park Hae-soo (Cho Sang-woo, Mai kunnawa 218) Fayil:20210923—Jung Hoyeon 정호연, Squid Game promo, ELLE Taiwan screenshot (05m58s).jpg|Jung Ho-yeon (Kang Sae-byeok, Mai kunnawa 067) Fayil:241209 Lee Seo Hwan (이서환).png|Lee Seo-hwan (Park Jung-bae, Mai kunnawa 390) Fayil:Yim Si-wan at Sfunz Square Super Concert, 14 September 2013 02.jpg|Im Si-wan (Lee Myung-gi, Mai kunnawa 333) Fayil:Jo Yuri (조유리) of IZONE (아이즈원) in Gaon chart Kpop Award 2019.png|Jo Yu-ri (Kim Jun-hee, Mai kunnawa 222) Fayil:Park Sung Hoon(박성훈) bnt 화보 (2).jpg|Park Sung-hoon (Cho Hyun-ju, Mai kunnawa 120) Fayil:Yang Dong-geun from acrofan.jpg|Yang Dong-geun (Park Yong-sik, Mai kunnawa 007) Fayil:강애심 배우.jpg|Kang Ae-shim (Jang Geum-ja, Mai kunnawa 149) </gallery> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} pnmorp2ocslcx6akmfh9ylnrimbhbgc 0 123812 840376 749597 2026-05-27T01:15:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Commercial.Journal.Advertiser.1835.pdf|thumb|Shafin taken ''Mujallar Kasuwanci da Mai Talla'', 6 ga Yuli 1835.]]{{Databox}} '''''Jaridar Kasuwanci da Mai Tallafawa''''' Jarida ce ta Australiya da ta daina aiki wadda aka buga a Sydney New South Wales, tun daga shekarun 1830 kuma ta ci gaba da bugawa har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1840, a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban <ref name="LA Commercial">{{Cite web |title=Commercial Journal and Advertiser Australian National Bibliographic Database Catalogue Record |url=http://nla.gov.au/anbd.bib-an4250193 |access-date=1 November 2017 |via=Trove – National Library of Australia}}</ref> a Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. == Tarihi == Kwafin takardar da aka fara samu a wani ɗakin karatu na Ostiraliya shine lamba 19, Yuli 1835. [1] Ana buga jaridar sau biyu zuwa uku a mako, kuma ana tallata ta da alfaharin zama "Jaridar Mafi Rahusa a Yankin Mulki". [2] [3] Daga 6 ga Janairu 1841 zuwa 30 ga Yuni 1841, an buga jaridar a matsayin Jaridar 'Yan Jarida da Mujallar Kasuwanci, kuma ta fara da sabon jerin lambobi, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa lamba 51. [3] Daga Yuli 1841, zuwa Yuni 1842, an buga jaridar a matsayin Jaridar 'Yan Jarida ta Sydney, kuma lambar takardar ta ci gaba daga ta ' Yan Jarida da Mujallar Kasuwanci, farawa daga lamba 1. 52. [3] [4] An ci gaba da buga jaridar Sydney Free Press har zuwa 30 ga Yuni 1842. [3] [4] Daga Yuli 1842 zuwa Afrilu 1845, an dakatar da buga jaridar. [3] [4] A ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1845, an fara buga jaridar, a ƙarƙashin sunan Commercial Journal, General Advertiser da Odd Fellows' Advocate, tare da sabon jerin lambobi. [3] A ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1845, an sauƙaƙe taken zuwa Commercial Journal da General Advertiser, kuma an sake canza shi zuwa Examiner a ranar 9 ga Agusta. Ana kyautata zaton Examiner ya daina bugawa bayan fitowar 1 ga Nuwamba 1845. [5] Wanda ya fara mallakar jaridar shine William Jones, wanda daga baya ya fara aiki daga Lamba ta 17 Colonnade, Bridge-street, Sydney. <ref name="Austit Jones1">{{Cite web |title=Commercial Journal and General Advertiser, newspaper |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C830648?mainTabTemplate=workPublicationDetails&jumptoemb=Z1879747 |access-date=1 November 2017 |website=AustLit |archive-date=21 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121151910/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C830648?mainTabTemplate=workPublicationDetails&jumptoemb=Z1879747 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Jones 2">{{Cite web |title=Commercial Journal and Advertiser, newspaper |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C436126 |access-date=1 November 2017 |website=AustLit |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015009/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C436126 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A tsakanin 1841 zuwa 1842, yayin da aka buga shi a matsayin Free Press da Commercial Journal da kuma Sydney Free Press, mamallakin jaridar shine Robert S. McEachern (wanda shi ma M'Eachern ne), yana aiki daga Lamba ta 5 Bridge Street, Sydney . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commercial Journal and Advertiser, newspaper |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C436126 |access-date=1 November 2017 |website=Auslit |ref=Auslit CJA |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015009/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C436126 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan sake fara bugawa, mawallafin kuma mawallafin ya sake zama William Jones. <ref name="Jones 2" /> Bayan an sake masa suna a matsayin Examiner, Richard Thompson ya buga jaridar, tana aiki a King Street, kusurwar George Street, Sydney . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Examiner Australian National Bibliographic Database Catalogue Record |url=http://nla.gov.au/anbd.bib-an13571630 |access-date=1 November 2017 |via=Trove – National Library of Australia}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Bugawa ! An fara wallafawa ! An dakatar da bugawa |- | ''Mujallar Kasuwanci da Mai Talla'' | 1835 | 1841 (Disamba) |- | ''Jaridar 'Yanci da Kasuwanci'' | 1841 (Janairu) | 1841 (Yuni) |- | (an dakatar) | 1841 (Yuli) | 1845 (Afrilu) |- | ''Mujallar Kasuwanci, Mai Tallata Janar da Mai Ba da Shawara ga Abokan Ciniki'' | 1845 (Afrilu) | 1845 (Afrilu) |- | ''Mujallar Kasuwanci da Mai Tallata Gabaɗaya'' | 1845 (Afrilu) | 1845 (Agusta) |- | ''Mai Dubawa'' | 1845 (Agusta) | 1845 (Nuwamba?) |} == Hotunan shafukan farko == <gallery perrow="6"> Fayil:Free_Press_and_Commercial_Journal.pdf|alt=Free Press and Commercial Journal 6 Jan 1841| ''Jaridar 'Yanci da Kasuwanci'' ta 6 Janairu 1841 Fayil:Sydney_Free_Press.pdf|alt=Sydney Free Press 3 July 1841| ''Sydney Free Press'' 3 ga Yuli 1841 Fayil:Oddfellows.pdf|alt=Front page 5 April 1845. Commercial Journal and General Advertiser (1845)| Shafin Farko 5 ga Afrilu 1845. ''Mujallar Kasuwanci da Mai Tallata Janar'' (1845) Fayil:The_Examiner,_Sydney,_NSW.pdf|alt=Front page of The Examiner (1845)| Shafin farko na ''Mai Jarrabawa'' (1845) </gallery> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} c24dm7smssj9keuydkjfe2h5m9uvope 0 124017 840364 835298 2026-05-26T22:53:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Main_Campus,_Obafemi_Awolowo_University,_Ile-Ife,_Osun_State,_Nigeria_(12997698895).jpg|thumb|Babban Cibiyar, Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife, Jihar Osun, Najeriya]] '''Jami'ar [[Obafemi Awolowo]]''' ('''OAU'''), wacce aka fi sani da '''Jami'ar Ife''', jami'a ce ta tarayya a [[Ifẹ|Ile-Ife, Jihar Osun]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Nigerian Universities and Years Founded |url=http://www.nuc.edu.ng/pages/universities.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426070234/http://www.nuc.edu.ng/pages/universities.asp |archive-date=26 April 2015 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=National Universities Commission}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Students' Union-Management relations and conflict resolution mechanisms in Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/ejc-accordr-v20-n1-a6 |access-date=2022-02-01 |website=African Journal on Conflict Resolution |language=en}}</ref> An kafa jami'ar a 1961 kuma an fara karatun ne a watan Oktoba 1962 a matsayin '''Jami'ar Ife''' ta gwamnatin yankin [[Jihar Yammacin Najeriya|Yammacin Najeriya]], wanda [[Samuel Akintola|Samuel Ladoke Akintola]] ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wahab |first=Bayo |date=2018-01-18 |title=Here's why OAU is believed to be the best university in Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/obafemi-awolowo-university-heres-why-oau-is-believed-to-be-the-best-university-in/9gb7l44 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227105632/https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/obafemi-awolowo-university-heres-why-oau-is-believed-to-be-the-best-university-in/9gb7l44 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sake masa suna "Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo" a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1987, ta gwamnatin soja da Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ke jagoranta, don girmama Obafemi awolowo (1909-1987), firaministan farko na Yammacin Najeriya, wanda da farko ya yi tunanin ra'ayin kafa jami'ar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Foundation |url=http://www.oauife.edu.ng/the-foundation/ |access-date=27 March 2014 |archive-date=19 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219150900/http://www.oauife.edu.ng/the-foundation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Britannica Encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282720/Ile-Ife#ref245175 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Britannica}}</ref><ref name="Brief History of the University">{{Cite web |title=Brief History of the University |url=http://www.oauife.edu.ng/administration/student-affairs/students-handbook/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215162421/http://www.oauife.edu.ng/administration/student-affairs/students-handbook/history/ |archive-date=15 December 2014 |access-date=28 March 2014 |publisher=Obafemi Awolowo University}}</ref> == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1951, tare da amincewa da sabon [[Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya|kundin tsarin mulki]], an yi manyan canje-canje ga zaɓaɓɓun 'Yan majalisa da Firayim Ministocin yanki a yankuna. Saboda sun ga ilimi a matsayin babban abin da ke haifar da canji da ci gaba, sabbin gwamnatocin yankin sun ba da kariyar ilimi na asali da na sakandare. Ministan Ilimi na Tarayya ne ya kafa kwamiti a 1959 don nazarin bukatun da aka tsara na kasar ga masu karatun jami'a tsakanin 1960 da 1980. Kwamitin ya kasance karkashin jagorancin malamin Cambridge Eric Ashby, masanin a Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, kuma ya hada da masanin tattalin arziki Frederick H. Harbison . <ref name="faf">{{Cite journal |last=Fafunwa |first=Babatunde |year=1974 |title=The Growth and Development of Nigerian Universities. |url=https://archive.org/details/ERIC_ED097843 |journal=Overseas Liaison Committee: American Council on Education |pages=1–28}}</ref> Fatawar rahoton karshe na hukumar da gwamnatin Yammacin Yamma ta yi shi ne cewa [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] za ta gamsar da bukatun Yammacin, matsayin da gwamnatin tarayya ba ta yarda da shi ba. Kafin a gabatar da rahoto na ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1960, gwamnatin Yamma ta Farko shirye-shirye don kafa jami'a a yankin.<ref name="Olan" /> == Cibiyar Ibadan == A ranar 22 ga Satumba 1962, an buɗe jami'ar ga dalibai 244 a wuraren ta na wucin gadi, Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta baya, Ibadan . Wasu daga cikin sabbin dalibai sun kasance a baya a Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya, kuma an dauki wasu ma'aikata daga [[Jami'ar Ibadan|Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan]], da kuma kasashen waje. An zabi [[Oladele Ajose]] a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar na farko, wanda ya fara da fannonin noma, zane-zane, tattalin arziki da nazarin zamantakewa, doka da kimiyya.<ref name="faf"/> Hanyar gudanarwa ta jami'a da kwalejoji sun yi kama da Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan, kuma a lokacin da aka kafa ta, ta kafa dangantaka da Jami'ar Wisconsin.<ref name="miner">{{Cite journal |date=1965 |title=University Development in Nigeria: Report of the National Universities Commission |journal=Minerva |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=210–215 |doi=10.1007/BF01096335 |jstor=41821660 |s2cid=189788838}}</ref> Yanayin siyasa mara kyau a cikin yankin ya jinkirta tashi daga Ibadan zuwa Ife.<ref name="Olan" /> Motsawar jami'ar zuwa sabon harabar a Ile-Ife ta fara ne a watan Janairun 1967. Kwalejin da ke Ife tana da bangaren farko na kantin magani a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]], sashen farko na injiniyan sinadarai, da bangaren na farko na kayan lantarki da injiniyan lantarki.<ref name="National Universities Commission2">[https://www.preps.ng/oau-cut-off-marks/]{{Cite web |title=Focal areas of the Commission, 20 January 2013 |url=http://www.nuc.edu.ng/nucsite/File/Monday%20Bulletin/MB%202013/MB%207th%20January%202013%20final.pdf |access-date=27 March 2014 |publisher=National Universities Commission}}{{Dead link|date=April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Stand up for Great Ife at 502">{{Cite web |last=Adewale |first=Stephen |title=Stand up for Great Ife at 50 |url=http://pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/85294 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408072532/http://pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/85294 |archive-date=8 April 2013 |access-date=27 March 2014 |publisher=Pambazuka}}</ref> Makarantar likitancinta ta fara ne da tsarin karatun da aka haɗa da kuma tsarin al'umma, wanda daga baya [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta karɓa, da kuma karatun [[Digiri|baccalaureate]] (BSc honours) kafin samun shiga makarantar asibiti, amma daga baya aka watsar da wannan. == Manazarta == ho6063e1rzp5qhohnxv7jtlen9nn4nv 0 125028 840428 794863 2026-05-27T08:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Blood (2011) wani littafi ne na marubucin Australiya Tony Birch . <ref>{{Cite web |title=''Blood'' by Tony Birch |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/5282959 |access-date=12 January 2025 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da shi don lambar yabo ta Miles Franklin ta 2012. == Takaitaccen Bayani == == Bincike == Ed Wright, a cikin The Australiya, ya yi la'akari da shi "labari mai ban sha'awa da ƙauna game da yara a cikin wahala".[1] == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- !2011 |Kyautar FAW Christina Stead | - |An yaba da shi sosai |<ref name="AustlitAwd">{{Cite web |title=Austlit — ''Blood'' by Tony Birch – Awards |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C805278?mainTabTemplate=workAwards |access-date=12 January 2025 |publisher=Austlit |archive-date=6 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106055802/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C805278?mainTabTemplate=workAwards |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="3" |2012 | rowspan="2" |Kyautar Melbourne don wallafe-wallafen |Kyautar Rubuce-rubuce mafi kyau |Wanda ya kammala |<ref name="AustlitAwd" /> |- |Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a |Wanda ya ci nasara |<ref name="AustlitAwd" /> |- |Kyautar Miles Franklin | - |An ƙaddamar da su |<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Blood'' by Tony Birch |url=https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/5282959 |access-date=12 January 2025 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> |- |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Litattafai]] 3z96ukf9ar9ysfnsekpihgh08zn2wux 0 125932 840313 755868 2026-05-26T20:12:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''James Anderson''' ya kasance manajan gona ne wanda aka haife shi a Scotland wanda ya yi aiki tsakanin 1796 da 1802 a matsayin mai kula da gidan Mount Vernon na [[George Washington]]. Anderson ne ke da alhakin sauyawar Mount Vernon zuwa distilling whisky a cikin shekara ta 1798. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Life and Times of Washington's Distiller (feat Steve Bashore from Mount Vernon) - Whiskey Lore® |url=https://www.whiskeylore.org/episodes/season-four/the-life-and-times-of-washingtons-distiller-feat-steve-bashore-from-mount-vernon |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.whiskeylore.org |language=en-gb |archive-date=2025-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250929021116/https://www.whiskeylore.org/episodes/season-four/the-life-and-times-of-washingtons-distiller-feat-steve-bashore-from-mount-vernon |url-status=dead }}</ref> Da yake yana da amintaccen dangantaka da George Washington, Anderson ya aiwatar da shirye-shiryen Washington na dogon lokaci don Dutsen Vernon bayan mutuwarsa a 1799 har zuwa mutuwar Martha Washington a 1802. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=James Anderson {{!}} George Washington's Mount Vernon |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/james-anderson |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=www.mountvernon.org |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Anderson kuma ta girma a kusa da garin Inverkeithing a Fife, [[Scotland]] . Ya auri Helen Gordon na Inverkeithing, kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya bakwai.<ref name=":1"/> A cikin shekarun 1790, Anderson ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka tare da matarsa da yara bakwai.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> == Dutsen Vernon == Washington ya rubuta wa James Anderson a cikin shekara ta 1796 game da halaye da yake so daga manajan gona na Mount Vernon, wanda ya haɗa da "Bayan kasancewa mai hankali, & mutum mai mutunci, dole ne ya mallaki aiki da ƙarfi sosai, don sa masu kula da su yi aikinsu sosai. "[1] Anderson ya karfafa Washington da ta kafa gidan giya a cikin shekara ta 1798; ta fara aiki a lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar, gidan giya ya samar da galan 11,000 na giya a shekara mai zuwa a darajar sama da $ 7,500.<ref name=":1"/> Washington da farko ta yi shakku game da shirin. Kwanaki huɗu kafin mutuwarsa, a ranar 10 ga Disamba 1799 George Washington ya rubuta wa James Anderson game da shirye-shiryensa na dogon lokaci na Mount Vernon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: George Washington to James Anderson, 18 August 1796 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-20-02-0367 |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> Anderson ya ci gaba da gudanar da Mount Vernon har zuwa 1802, lokacin da Martha Washington ta mutu.<ref name=":1"/> == Manazarta == tm6gk31qrjhmg5ki5bew05e436ump4w 0 126938 840446 785407 2026-05-27T10:25:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Samuel Letts Dawkins''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1954) ɗan siyasan Kudancin Australia ne. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia, yana wakiltar Kudancin Australiya na Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Australia daga 1997 har zuwa 2020, lokacin da aka kore shi saboda karɓar zaben 'yan adawa a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki. Ya yi aiki a matsayin MLC mai zaman kansa, kuma a matsayin shugaban kasa, har zuwa Maris 2022, lokacin da ya yi ritaya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dawkins |first=John |title=About John – John Dawkins MLC |url=https://www.johndawkins.com.au/about/ |website=John Dawkins |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2022-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307173333/https://www.johndawkins.com.au/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fara zabarsa zuwa wa'adin shekaru takwas a Majalisar Dokoki a Zaben 1997. An sake zabarsa a karo na biyu na shekaru takwas a Zaben 2006, da kuma karo na uku na shekaru takwas na Zaben 2014. Kafin ya shiga siyasar SA, Dawkins ya kasance Jami'in Zabe ga tsohon Sanata da Ministan Gwamnatin Howard; Hon. Nick Minchin, tsohon Ministan Harkokin Waje kuma Shugaban Jam'iyyar Liberal; Hon. Alexander Downer AC kuma tsohon Kakakin Majalisar Wakilai ta Australiya; Hon. Neil Andrew AO. Ya kasance memba kuma mai goyon bayan kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi daban-daban na al'umma, gami da Returned and Services League of Australia, da kuma wasanni da aikin gona.[1] Dawkins ya wakilci Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Kudancin Australia har zuwa Satumba 2020 bayan ya yanke shawarar zabar matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki. Wannan gabatarwa ta kasance a kan abokin aikinsa mai goyon bayan Liberal Jing Lee. Kodayake Dawkins ya lashe zaben, an kore shi daga Jam'iyyar Liberal saboda tsayawa a kan dan takarar da jam'iyyar ta amince da shi. == Iyali == [[Fayil:Gawler.jpg|left|thumb|291x291px|Taswirar kogin Gawler]] An haifi John Dawkins a Gawler ta Kudu Australia, wani karamin gari mai nisan kilomita 40 a arewacin babban birnin Kudancin Australia [[Adelaide]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Richardson |first1=Tom |date=2020-09-08 |title=New Speaker prompts uproar, Govt divided in parliament's day of drama |url=https://indaily.com.au/news/2020/09/08/new-speaker-prompts-uproar-govt-divided-in-parliaments-day-of-drama/ |access-date=2020-09-08 |work=InDaily}}</ref> Iyalinsa sun mallaki tashar kiwon tumaki a kan Kogin Gawler kuma Dawkins ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa ta yaro yana taimaka wa mahaifinsa.[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida].{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Dawkins ɗan Hon. Maynard Boyd Dawkins MBE (1917-96) mai kiwon tumaki ne, tsohon memba na karamar hukuma kuma memba na Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia na Jam'iyyar Liberal daga 1962 zuwa 1982. Ya fito ne daga dangin 'yan siyasa kuma dan uwansa John Dawkins ya kasance dan siyasa (ALP) kuma Mai Ba da kuɗi na Tarayya na Ostiraliya (1991-1993). <ref name=":1"/> == Ilimi da rayuwar aiki ta farko == Dawkins ya yi karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Prince Alfred da Gawler high. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da karatun sakandare, inda ya tattara difloma a cikin gudanar da gona daga Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Glenormiston da difloma a aikin jarida mai zaman kansa a Adelaide Tafe.<ref name=":1"/> Kafin ya shiga majalisa, Dawkins ya kasance mai samar da farko. Daga nan ya yi aiki a matsayin Jami'in Zabe ga wakilan Liberal da suka hada da Hon Neil Andrew MP, Hon Alexander Downer MP da Sanata Hon Nick Minchin . Dawkins ya kuma kasance kusa da tushensa, yana ci gaba da noma. Ya ci gaba da aiki a Stud Dorset da Suffolk Sheep a Gawler River.<ref name=":1"/> == Ayyukan siyasa == An fara zabar John Dawkins a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1997, wannan wa'adin shekaru takwas ne. An sake zabarsa a wannan mukamin a shekara ta 2006 kuma a shekarar 2014. John Dawkins ya yi aiki a matsayin Jam'iyyar adawa a Majalisar Dokoki daga 2002 zuwa 2018 kuma daga baya ya zama Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki. Wakilan a Majalisar Dokoki mambobi ne na Majalisar Dattijai ta Kudancin Australia. Ana zabar su don wakiltar dukan jihar ta hanyar tsarin, na wakilci mai daidaituwa. Babban manufarta ita ce ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bita ga dokokin da aka zartar a cikin ƙananan gida. == Rigakafin kashe kansa == Kisan kai shine babban dalilin mutuwar 'yan Kudancin Australia tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 44.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=South Australian suicide prevention plan 2017-2021 |url=https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/ab0b392c-5a6d-439c-a9fd-aa8c48961b34/Suicide+Prevention_Updated+2018%28v3%29WEBS.PDF?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-ab0b392c-5a6d-439c-a9fd-aa8c48961b34-nwK1Bs4 |website=South Australian Government |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2024-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106082117/https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/ab0b392c-5a6d-439c-a9fd-aa8c48961b34/Suicide+Prevention_Updated+2018(v3)WEBS.PDF?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-ab0b392c-5a6d-439c-a9fd-aa8c48961b34-nwK1Bs4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin al'ummar 'yan asalin wannan adadin ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu. A cikin 2019 ABS ta fitar da kididdigar da ta nuna raguwar kashe-kashen Kudancin Australia, daga 12.8% zuwa 12% a cikin shekara guda (2017-2018).<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=December 2019 |title=Office of the Premier's Advocate for Suicide Prevention Newsletter |url=https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/liberalpartyofaustralia/pages/9731/attachments/original/1589158613/Office_of_the_Premier's_Advocate_for_Suicide_Prevention_Newsletter_-_December_2019.pdf?1589158613}}</ref> Wannan kididdigar ta nuna raguwar kashi 6.8 kuma ta sanya Kudancin Australia a ƙasa da matsakaicin ƙasa. An sanar da John Dawkins a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Firayim Minista don rigakafin kashe kansa a cikin 2018. Har ila yau, shi ne babban memba na Majalisar Firayim Minista kan Rigakafin Kisan Kai, ƙungiyar da ta ƙunshi masu ba da shawara goma sha uku waɗanda suka haɗu da tattauna yadda Kudancin Australia zai iya rage tasirin kashe kansa.<ref name=":3"/> A cikin wannan rawar John Dawkins ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙe ayyukan siyasa masu zuwa: '''1. Shirin rigakafin kashe kansa na 2017-2021'''<ref name=":2"/> Wannan ya tsara hanyar da gwamnatin Kudancin Australia za ta rage kashe kansa a cikin shekaru hudu. Yana kallon kafa cibiyoyin rigakafin kashe kansa (SPN). Wani SPN yana gina al'umma na masu sa kai waɗanda ke da niyyar rage cutar kashe kansa a cikin al'ummominsu. Wannan ya haɗa da, haɗin gwiwar bangarorin tsakanin kiwon lafiya na gida da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ta farko, tallafin abokan aiki, rigakafi da shirye-shiryen bayan rigakafi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Richardson |first1=Tom |date=2020-09-08 |title=New Speaker prompts uproar, Govt divided in parliament's day of drama |url=https://indaily.com.au/news/2020/09/08/new-speaker-prompts-uproar-govt-divided-in-parliaments-day-of-drama/ |access-date=2020-09-08 |work=InDaily}}</ref> Wannan shirin yana da niyyar sanya SPN a cikin kowane karamar hukuma a cikin shekaru huɗu, tare da girmamawa ta musamman a yankunan da ke da al'ummomin Aboriginal da Torres Strait. Mafi shahararren shirin da aka tattauna a cikin wannan shirin shine Kudancin Australia Suicide Registry.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Richardson |first1=Tom |date=2020-09-08 |title=New Speaker prompts uproar, Govt divided in parliament's day of drama |url=https://indaily.com.au/news/2020/09/08/new-speaker-prompts-uproar-govt-divided-in-parliaments-day-of-drama/ |access-date=2020-09-08 |work=InDaily}}</ref> Wannan zai zama tushen gano yanayin don taimakawa shiga tsakani. Zai haɗa da sadarwa tsakanin 'yan sanda na Kudancin Australia da ofishin Coroners na Jiha. Wannan yana da niyyar taimakawa wajen gano kungiyoyi masu haɗari da al'ummomi don a iya sanya hanyoyin rigakafi. == Naɗin a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia == [[Fayil:South_Australian_Legislative_Council_Chamber.jpg|thumb|348x348px|Gidan Majalisar Dokokin Kudancin Australia, Adelaide, Kudancin Ostiraliya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cwj8gihz10hg7pxnnixddjb5bgu680q 0 127034 840366 813870 2026-05-26T23:13:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Shree Somnath Sanskrit''' (SSSU) jami'a ce ta jama'a da ke Veraval, Gujarat , [[Indiya]] . Majalisar Dokokin Gujarat ce ta kirkireshi ta hanyar Dokar Jami'ar Sanskrit ta Shree Somnath a shekara ta 2005 don bincike da koyar da wallafe-wallafen sanskrit, tare da manufofi don adana al'adun al'adu da al'adun Indiya. An amince da shi A + ta NAAC. Babban harabar da ke Veraval tana da sassan bakwai, ko fannoni, wanda, tare da kwalejoji masu alaƙa 110, cibiyoyin bincike, da cibiyoyin da ke fadin Gujarat, suna ba da digiri daban-daban guda tara, gami da BA, MA, da PhD, a fannoni daban-daban. Jami'ar Shree Somnath Sanskrit ta buga wani littafi na bincike na kwata-kwata, Somajyoti, kuma ta shirya bita da tarurruka na yau da kullun don inganta jawabi da bincike a cikin harshen Sanskrit da al'adu. == Tarihi == Jami'ar Shree Somnath Sanskrit, da ke Veraval, [[Gujarat]], ita ce kawai Jami'ar Sanskrit a jihar Gujarat . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parikh |first=Margie |date=April 2011 |title=Development at Somnath Temple: Administrative leadership? |url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/65287845/development-somnath-temple-administrative-leadership |url-status=dead |journal=Decision |volume=38 |pages=141 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725211951/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/65287845/development-somnath-temple-administrative-leadership |archive-date=2020-07-25 |via=EBSCO}}</ref><ref name=":1"/> An kafa wannan jami'ar jama'a a cikin shekara ta 2005 ta hanyar jihar Gujarat ta Dokar Jami'ar Sanskrit ta Shree Somnath don binciken kimiyya da koyar da wallafe-wallafen Sanskrit.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2005 |title=The Shree Somnath Sanskrit University Act, 2005 |url=https://prsindia.org/acts_bills/acts_state/files/pdf/gujarat/2005/2005GUJARAT25.pdf |website=PRS India}}</ref> Manufofin jami'ar sun haɗa da adana al'adun al'adu da al'adun Indiya, inganta godiya ga wannan al'adun a cikin Indiya, da haɗa tsarin ilimin gargajiya da na zamani.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=About University - Shree Somnath Sanskrit University |url=https://sssu.ac.in/index.php/about-university |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=sssu.ac.in }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dokar Jami'ar Shree Somnath Sanskrit ta tsara cewa ya kamata a dauki harsuna da wallafe-wallafen Prakrit, [[Magadhi/magahi|Magadhi]], Ardhamagadhi, da Pali a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'adun harshe na Sanskrit wanda jami'ar ta nemi kulawa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Bugu da ƙari, kundin tsarin kafa jami'ar ya ƙayyade cewa don cika aikin haɗa tsarin ilimin gargajiya da na zamani, jami'ar ta haɓaka azuzuwan da ke bincika haɗin tsakanin Ayurveda da likitanci na zamani, Vastu śāstra da gine-gine na zamani, Arthaśāstra da tattalin arziki na zamani da kimiyyar siyasa, da Vyākaraṇa, da ƙamus na zamani da ilimin harshe.<ref name=":0" /> Jami'ar na neman inganta wani ethos da ke jaddada cimma cikakke da ƙwarewa kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar taken, "Pūrṇatā Gauravāya", a zahiri, cikakkiyar ƙwarewa tana haifar da ƙwarewar, wanda aka bayyana a cikin sanannen waka na Sanskrit Kalidasa, Meghaduta . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - Shree Somnath Sanskrit University |url=https://sssu.ac.in/index.php/home#motto |access-date=2020-07-25 |website=sssu.ac.in |archive-date=2020-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725170845/https://sssu.ac.in/index.php/home#motto |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Malamai == === Shirye-shiryen digiri === Jami'ar ta haɗu da al'adun gargajiya da na zamani na ilimin Sanskrit. Harsunan koyarwa sune Hindi, Sanskrit, Gujarati, da Ingilishi don ƙananan darussan, wanda sannu a hankali ke sauyawa zuwa Sanskrit a matsayin matsakaici na koyarwa don darussan da suka fi girma. <ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2"/> Jami'ar tana ba da digiri daban-daban guda tara, gami da takardar shaidar, difloma, BA, B. Ed. , MA, MA, da Ph.D. An kuma san digiri na BA da MA da digiri na Shastri da Acharya, bi da bi.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" |Digiri na ilimi da aka bayar a Jami'ar Shree Somnath Sanskrit a cikin 2020 <ref name=":2"/> |- !Matsayi !Batutuwa !Samun cancanta !Tsawon lokaci |- !Ph.D. |Sāhitya, Veda, Purāṇa, Jyotisha, Vāstuśāstra, Paurohitya, Nyaya, Vedānta, da Vyākaraṇa |MA a cikin Sanskrit |Babu wani lokaci da aka ƙayyade |- !Mista Phil |Sāhitya, Veda, Purāṇa, da Vyākaraṇa |MA a cikin Sanskrit |Shekaru 2 |- !MA |Sāhitya, Veda, Purāṇa, Jyotisha, Vāstuśāstra, Paurohitya, Vedānta, Nyaya, Vyākaraṇa, Sarvadarshan, Dharmaśāstra da Yoga |Karatun karatu a cikin Sanskrit |Shekaru 2 |- !Digiri na digiri a cikin Aikace-aikacen Kwamfuta |Kwamfuta da Sanskrit na tilas |Karatun karatu a kowane batu |Shekara 1 |- ![Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] |Sanskrit |Karatun karatu a cikin Sanskrit |Shekara 2 |- !BA |Sāhitya, Veda, Purāṇa, Jyotisha, Vāstuśāstra, Paurohitya, Nyaya, Vedānta, da Vyākaraṇa |12th Standard (a cikin kowane rafi) |Shekaru 3 |- !Digiri na digiri |Nazarin Addinin Sanskrit da Hindu |Karatu a kowane batu |Shekara 1 |- !Diploma |Yoga, Gudanar da Haikali, Vāstuśāstra, Koyarwar Sanskrit, Jyotisha, Lissafin Vedic, Kiɗa, Sanskrit da Nazarin Addini na Hindu |12th Standard (a cikin kowane rafi) |Shekara 1 |- !Takardar shaidar |Yoga, Vedic Mathematics, da Kiɗa |Matsayi na 10 |Watanni 6 |} A cikin digiri na BA (Shastri), ana buƙatar ɗalibai suyi karatu: Sanskrit (Vyākaraṇa, Sāhitya, da Darśana), Turanci, Ilimi na dijital, Hindi ko Gujarati, Ilimin zamantakewa, Tattalin Arziki, Tarihi, da Kimiyya ta Siyasa. Bugu da kari, dalibai suna zaɓar mahimmancin farko da na biyu daga waɗannan: Navya-Vyākaraṇa, Sarvadarśana, Rāmānuja Vedānta, Swāminārāyaṇ Vedānta، Navya-Nyāya, Sāhitya, Purāṇa, Dharmaśāstra, Veda, Jyotiṣa, Vāstuśāstra da Paurohitya.[1] A cikin digiri na MA (Acharya), ana nazarin batutuwa masu zuwa: Sanskrit (bincike na matani daban-daban na tarihin addini da ilimin harshe), mahimman matani guda uku da aka zaba daga cikin fannonin Navya-Vyākaraṇa, Sarvadarśana, Rāmānuja Vedānta, Swāminārāyaṇ Vedāntata, Navya-Nyāya, Sāhitya, Purāṇa, Dharmaśāstra, Veda, da aka zaba, Vāśāśāstrawa, da kuma Sāśāāśāriya, da Vāstra, da kuma Vāṇa Sāś, da Vary, da Vâstra, da Variya, da Vah, Vāṇāṇa Jami'ar tana ba da PhD a cikin fannoni masu zuwa: Sāhitya, Veda, Purāṇa, Jyotiṣa, Vāstu-śāstra, Paurohitya, Nyāya, Vedānta, da Vyākaraṇa . <ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> Jami'ar tana haɓaka shirye-shiryen bayar da M.Ed. digiri kuma bude Kwalejin Ayurveda tare da hadin gwiwar wasu cibiyoyin.<ref name=":1" /> === Sashen Ilimi === Jami'ar Shree Somnath Sanskrit tana da manyan sassan ilimi guda bakwai, ko kuma fannoni, inda ake ba da darussan da digiri masu zuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |title=Shree Somnath Sanskrit University Details |journal=SSSU}}</ref> A harabar Veraval a lokacin shekara ta 2019-2020, a karkashin jagorancin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Dr. Gopabandhu Mishra, ma'aikata 50 da ma'aikata sun koyar da kimanin dalibai 318. <ref name=":1" /> A cikin 2020, sassan ilimi a harabar Veraval sune: <ref name=":1"/> * Faculty of Ved da Vedanga (Vedas da Ayyuka na Taimako) * Faculty of Sāhitya (Littattafai) * Faculty of Vyākaraṇa,a (Grammar and Linguistics) * Faculty of Vijnan da Abhinav Vidya (Kimiyyar Kimiyya da Innovation) * Faculty of Purāṇa (Tattafin Sanskrit na Dā) * Faculty of Darśana (Theology) * Kwalejin Shiksha Shastri (Ilimi) === Shirye-shiryen Musayar Ilimi === A cikin 2019, Jami'ar Shree Somnath Sanskrit ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimta (MoU) tare da Jami'ar Heidelberg, Jami'ar Wurzburg, da Jami'an Leipzig - jami'o'i uku na Jamus waɗanda ke da dogon al'adar karatun Sanskrit. MoU ta ƙayyade cewa jami'o'in za su inganta musayar ilimi na al'adu da karatun addini, Sanskrit, da sauran yarukan Kudancin Asiya tsakanin malamai da ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parikh |first=Margie |date=April 2011 |title=Development at Somnath Temple: Administrative leadership? |url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/65287845/development-somnath-temple-administrative-leadership |url-status=dead |journal=Decision |volume=38 |pages=141 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725211951/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/65287845/development-somnath-temple-administrative-leadership |archive-date=2020-07-25 |via=EBSCO}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin jami'o'in Sanskrit a Indiya * Farfadowar Sanskrit == Manazarta == s71kgtmf6bg7aru58babhkq42o77guh 0 130853 840435 768445 2026-05-27T09:30:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Joe Don Baker''' (12 ga Fabrairu, 1936 - 7 ga Mayu, 2025) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Amurka, wanda aka san shi da yin wasan kwaikwayo na "mutum mai tauri" a ɓangarorin biyu na shari'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Don Baker {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/joe_don_baker |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya kafa kansa a matsayin tauraron wasan kwaikwayo tare da rawar da ya taka a cikin Westerns ''Guns of the Magnificent Seven'' (1969) da ''Wild Rovers'' (1971), kafin ya zama babban jarumi a matsayin Sheriff [[Tennessee|na Tennessee]] Buford Pusser a cikin fim ɗin ''Walking Tall'' (1973). A tsawon shekarun 1970 da 1980, Baker ya sami nasara wajen taka rawa a matsayin jagora da kuma mai tallafawa, ciki har da wani fitaccen ɗan wasan mafia a cikin Charley Varrick (1973), wani jami'in tsaro mai ƙarfi a cikin Mitchell (1975), fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙwallon baseball a cikin The Natural (1984), shugaban 'yan sanda a cikin barkwancin Chevy Chase Fletch (1985), da kuma wani mai bincike mai zaman kansa mai shakku a cikin fim ɗin Martin Scorsese na Cape Fear (1991). Ya kasance a cikin fina-finai uku na James Bond, a matsayin mugu da abokinsa, yana nuna Brad Whitaker a cikin The Living Daylights (1987) tare da Timothy Dalton, da kuma wakilin CIA Jack Wade a cikin GoldenEye (1995) da Tomorrow Never Dies (1997) tare da Pierce Brosnan . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Baker a Groesbeck, Texas, ɗan Edna (née McDonald) da Doyle Charles Baker. An rene shi a hannun goggonsa Anna Thompson bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa lokacin yana ɗan shekara 12. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Memories of Joe Don Baker |url=https://vocal.media/geeks/memories-of-joe-don-baker |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Geeks |language=en}}</ref> Ya buga ƙwallon kwando da [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|ƙwallon ƙafa]] (a matsayin ɗan wasan baya da kuma kyaftin) a Makarantar Sakandare ta Groesbeck, <ref name=":0" /> kuma ya halarci Kwalejin Jihar North Texas da ke Denton kan tallafin karatu a fannin wasanni, inda ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Sigma Phi Epsilon . Ya kammala karatunsa da digirin farko na Gudanar da Kasuwanci a 1958. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Don Baker {{!}} North Texan |url=https://northtexan.unt.edu/notable-alumni/joe-don-baker |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=northtexan.unt.edu |archive-date=2024-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725101931/https://northtexan.unt.edu/notable-alumni/joe-don-baker |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mutuwa == Baker ya mutu sakamakon cutar kansar huhu a wani asibiti mai kula da marasa lafiya da ke Los Angeles, a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2025, yana da shekaru 89. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Don Baker {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/joe_don_baker |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Don Baker {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/joe_don_baker |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> An binne shi a Makabartar Oakwood Memorial Park . [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] ===MANAZARTA=== 9ybop31xvcicdcz4qudl8c83pkvp0rr 0 132409 840450 772024 2026-05-27T10:55:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''John Streeter Manifold''' AM (21 Afrilu 1915 - 19 Afrilu 1985) mawaki ne kuma mai suka a Ostiraliya.<ref name="ADB">{{Cite web |title=John Streeter Manifold (1915–1985) by William Hatherell |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/manifold-john-streeter-14797 |access-date=6 September 2025 |publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography}}</ref> An haife shi a [[Melbourne]], cikin wani sanannen iyali na Camperdown . Ya yi karatu a [[Makarantar Grammar ta Geelong|Makarantar Grammar Geelong ta Geelong]], kuma ya karanta harsunan zamani a Kwalejin Jesus, Cambridge . Yayin da yake Cambridge ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Burtaniya. Ya shiga cikin yunƙurin ƙirƙirar magaji ( ''Poetry and the People'' ) zuwa ''Left Review'', lokacin da na biyu ya ƙare a 1938. Daga nan ya yi aiki a [[Jamus]], wajen buga littattafai. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], ya yi aiki a fannin leƙen asiri a Rundunar Sojan Burtaniya, a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], [[Afirka]] da [[Faransa]]. Mawakin yaƙi ne da aka buga; ''Trident'', tare da Hubert Nicholson da David Martin, an buga shi ta hanyar mujallar Fore Publications ta Randall Swingler a shekarar 1944.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Trident'' by J. S. Manifold, David Martin and Hubert Nicholson |url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C3456 |access-date=6 September 2025 |publisher=Austlit |archive-date=29 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260129190757/https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/C3456 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1949, ya koma Ostiraliya, ya zauna a Brisbane . Ya kafa ƙungiyar marubuta ta Realist a shekarar 1950.[1] Daga nan ya yi aiki kuma ya buga galibi a kan waƙoƙi da kiɗa na Ostiraliya, yana rera waƙoƙin ballads a bukukuwan fasaha. A cikin bikin girmama ranar Ostiraliya ta 1984, an naɗa shi memba na Order of Australia (AM) saboda "yin hidima ga adabi a matsayin mawaƙi da mawaƙi".[2] Ya mutu a Brisbane.[1] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1915]] 2qgq2nstfo5ksqk2c2uketf5psf8i63 0 133048 840309 773418 2026-05-26T19:21:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <nowiki>''</nowiki>'''''Jagora'' asperata''''' wani nau'in kwari ne na ruwa mai laushi tare da operculum, wani nau'i mai laushi a cikin iyalin Pachychilidae . ''Jagora asperata'' shine nau'in jinsin Jagora . <ref name="Köhler 2003">Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2003). "Morphology, reproductive biology and molecular genetics of ovoviviparous freshwater gastropods (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) from the Philippines, with description of the new genus ''Jagora''". ''[[Zoologica Scripta]]'' '''32'''(1): 35-59. {{Doi|10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00100.x}}.</ref>'' == Bayyanawa == [[Fayil:Jagora_asperata_shell.png|left|thumb|Bayyanar gani na harsashi na ''Jagora asperata''.]] Kwayar tsohuwar ''Jagora asperata'' na iya zama tsawon 50-80 millimeters (2.0-3.1 in) kuma tana da faɗin kusan 18 millimeters (0.71 in). Wannan harsashi yana da ƙarfi, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa, mai siffar hasumiya sosai, wanda ya ƙunshi har zuwa goma sha biyu. An yanke whorl na apical. Hoton harsashi yana nuna kusanci da ke kusa da haƙarƙari da abubuwa masu juzu'i tare da ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa. Jikin waɗannan katantanwa launin toka zuwa baƙi ne tare da antennae mai siffar filiform. An siffanta su da tsarin haihuwa na musamman, gami da dogon magudanar maniyyi, gajeriyar bursa ta spermatophore da kuma wani babban tudu a gefe wanda ke aiki a matsayin wurin haifuwar maniyyi. Mata suna ɗauke da ƙwai da matakan yara a cikin ramin mantle ɗinsu. Waɗannan katantanwa suna cin abinci ne daga tarkacen da algae. == Rarraba da mazaunin == Wannan nau'in yana faruwa a arewacin [[Filipin|Philippines]], a kan Luzon, Tsibirin Leyte, Tsibirin Samar da sauran ƙananan tsibirai da yawa.<ref>Köhler F. & Dames C. (2009). "Phylogeny and systematics of the Pachychilidae of mainland Southeast Asia – novel insights from morphology and mitochondrial DNA (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea)". ''[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]]'' '''157''': 679-699. {{Doi|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00541.x}}.</ref> Suna zaune a cikin ƙananan koguna masu tsaunuka tare da duwatsu ko yashi. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.heimbiotop.de/pachychilidae.html#jagora Pachychilidae ''Jagora aperata'' a heimbiotop.de] * Asean Biodiversity * [https://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/HtmSpecies/1170900360.htm Bayanan Bayanan Mollusc na Duniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220185010/http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/HtmSpecies/1170900360.htm |date=2020-02-20 }} gcha66rtkh4adetptzyv9gaau6ct3or 0 133626 840426 835494 2026-05-27T08:36:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''James Philip Nelson''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1967) ɗan Ingila ne mai ɗaukar hoto. An san shi da hotunan kabilanci da 'yan asalin ƙasar. == Tarihi da farkon aiki == James Philip Nelson was born in 1967 in Sevenoaks, Kent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jimmy Nelson |url=https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/jimmy-nelson |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=Widewalls |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606132656/https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/jimmy-nelson/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2019)">better&nbsp;source&nbsp;needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> He spent his childhood in Africa, Asia and South America, traveling around with his father, who worked as a geologist for International Shell. At the age of 7, he was sent to Stonyhurst College, a Jesuit boarding school in Lancashire, UK. When he was 16, he developed Alopecia totalis, a condition in which all the hair falls out, which was caused by a culmination of stress and a reaction to malaria medication. A shekara ta 1985, yana da shekaru 17, ya bar makarantar kwana kuma ya fara tafiya a tsawon Tibet da ƙafa. Ya ɗauki ƙaramar kyamara a kan tafiyarsa kuma ya ɗauki hotunan tafiyarsa, wanda ya ɗauki kusan shekaru biyu. Bayan dawowa, tarin hotunan da ya dauka a cikin ƙasar da ba a iya isa ba a buga su ta hanyar Ingilishi National Geographic, zuwa yabo na duniya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Seymour |first=Tom |date=30 April 2019 |title=Majestic portraits of world's most remote tribes |url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/jimmy-nelson-homage-to-humanity/index.html |access-date=6 June 2019 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Bayan wannan tafiya, Nelson ya fara ƙarin tafiye-tafiye, yana rubuta yankuna daban-daban na yaƙi, gami da Afghanistan, Kashmir, Yugoslavia, Somalia da El Salvador, kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin ƙwararren ɗan jarida mai daukar hoto, har zuwa shekara 24. In 1992 Nelson was commissioned by [[Shell|Shell Oil]] to produce the book "Literary Portraits of China". He travelled across the country for 30 months, together with his then wife, Ashkaine Hora Adema, who participated in the making of the book, and became the subsequent business partner of Nelson.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Daga 1997 zuwa gaba, Nelson ya fara aiki a fagen tallace-tallace na kasuwanci. A wannan lokacin, ya ci gaba da tattara hotuna na al'adu masu nisa da masu zaman kansu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=March 2015 |title=Travel Pioneers: Jimmy Nelson |url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/bespoke/story/20150326-travel-pioneers/jimmy-nelson/index.html |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=BBC Travel }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == ''Hotuna'' == === ''Kafin Sun Fito'' === In 2010, Nelson started to work on his second book, ''Before they Pass Away''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2019}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Nelson ya ce aikin "ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga Edward S. Curtis da manyan hotunansa na 'yan asalin Amurka". Kamar Curtis, Nelson ya rubuta batunsa a cikin soyayya, salon da kuma sanya su, tare da manufar "sa su a kan wani tushe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jimmy Nelson |url=https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/jimmy-nelson |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=Widewalls |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606132656/https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/jimmy-nelson/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nelson ya ce ba a nufin aikin ya isar da "gaskiya ba, amma a maimakon haka fassararsa ta fasaha da bikin bambancin da kyau. " Ƙabilun da Nelson ya ɗauka sun haɗa da kabilun Huli da Kalam na New Guinea, Tsaatan na [[Mangoliya|Mongolia]] da [[Mursi|Mutanen Mursi]] na kwarin [[Kogin Omo]] a kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]].[his]<ref name=":2"/> A cikin jawabin TED ya bayyana tsarin aiki da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan aikin kuma ya bayyana cewa a wasu lokuta yana ɗaukar "watanni suna ƙoƙarin gano [waɗannan 'yan asalin ƙasar] sannan kuma makonni don samun amincewarsu da izinin ɗaukar hoto . " Nelson ya ranta kudade don aikin daga wani dan kasar Holland, Marcel Boekhoorn . A sakamakon aikin, an buga littafi wanda ke dauke da hotuna da matani, iyakantaccen littafin, da kuma hotunan hotunan da aka buga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jimmy Nelson |url=https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/jimmy-nelson |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=Widewalls |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606132656/https://www.widewalls.ch/artist/jimmy-nelson/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] 8xyfzj9eqvajmg1j0awh18vvnkq6r4d 0 133922 840453 814536 2026-05-27T11:27:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''John Washington Rogers Jr.''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1958) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka kuma wanda ya kafa Ariel Capital Management (wanda yanzu shine Ariel Investments, LLC ), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> wanda aka kafa a 1983. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilson, Whitney |last2=John Heins |date=December 20, 2005 |title=Outsourcing For Outsized Profits: Whitney Tilson and John Heins, Value Investor Insight |url=https://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230052324/http://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |archive-date=December 30, 2005 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=Forbes.com Inc.}}</ref> Shi ne shugaba kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na kamfanin, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lim, Paul J. |date=July 26, 2007 |title=The Real-Estate Market Still Stinks, but Some Housing Stocks May Be Tempting |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423010851/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |archive-date=April 23, 2009 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |publisher=U.S. News & World Report, L.P.}}</ref> wanda shine babban kamfanin asusun haɗin gwiwa na 'yan tsiraru da ke gudanar da shi a Amurka. <ref name="FMBCJR8WWWA">{{Cite web |last=Quiñones, Eric |date=November 8, 2007 |title=Former Men's Basketball Captain John Rogers '80 Wins Woodrow Wilson Award |url=http://www.goprincetontigers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=46548&SPID=4231&DB_OEM_ID=10600&ATCLID=1306494 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=GoPrincetonTigers.com |publisher=Princeton University }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga mujallar ''Forbes'' tsawon mafi yawan shekaru goma da suka gabata. <ref name="BJWRJ">{{Cite web |title=By John W. Rogers Jr. |url=http://search.forbes.com/search/colArchiveSearch?aname=John+W.+Rogers+Jr.&author=john+and+rogers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721054440/http://search.forbes.com/search/colArchiveSearch?aname=John+W.+Rogers+Jr.&author=john+and+rogers |archive-date=July 21, 2012 |access-date=December 19, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> A matsayinsa na mai fafutukar neman shugabancin Barack Obama a 2008, Rogers ya kasance shugaban kwamitin rantsar da shi na 2009. <ref name="OBBLA">{{Cite web |last=Crockett, Roger O. |date=November 6, 2008 |title=Obama's Business Backers Look Ahead: A powerful group of African American executives helped get Obama elected President. Now they hope he can provide solutions to the economic crisis |url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/nov2008/db2008115_058137.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109073437/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/nov2008/db2008115_058137.htm |archive-date=November 9, 2008 |access-date=December 19, 2008 |website=[[BusinessWeek]] |publisher=[[The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.]]}}</ref> An naɗa Rogers a matsayin shugaban hukumar gundumar Chicago Park na tsawon shekaru shida a shekarun 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> <ref name="MRN">{{Cite web |last=Young, Lauren |date=March 2002 |title=Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood |url=http://www.smartmoney.com/investing/mutual-funds/mr-rogers-neighborhood-12405/ |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[SmartMoney]]}}</ref> An kuma naɗa shi memba na kwamitin gudanarwa a kamfanoni da dama, a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyoyi da dama da ke da alaƙa da ɗaliban jami'arsa ta kwaleji, da kuma a matsayin jagora a ilimin matasa a garinsu na [[Chicago]] . A shekara ta 2007, an karrama Rogers da lambar yabo ta Woodrow Wilson daga Jami'ar Princeton saboda faɗin da zurfin hidimarsa ga ƙungiyoyi da yawa. A lokacin da yake ɗalibi a Princeton, ya kasance kyaftin na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Princeton Tigers ta 1979–80, kuma a rayuwarsa ta ƙarshe ya ci gaba da doke Michael Jordan a wasan 1-on-1, wanda Wall Street Journal ta yi rikodin. <ref name="FMBCJR8WWWA"/> == Rayuwar farko == === Iyali === Shi ne ɗa tilo ga [[Jewel Lafontant]] da John W. Rogers Sr. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Chicago a shekarar 1946. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> Ta zama fitacciyar lauya 'yar [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]], kuma ta zaɓi Richard Nixon, wanda ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Republican, a Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Republican na 1960. Mahaifinsa matukin jirgin sama ne na Tuskegee tare da ayyukan yaƙi sama da 100 a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama alkali a Gundumar Cook na tsawon shekaru ashirin. Iyayensa sun sake su a shekarar 1961 kuma mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekarar 1997. Rogers yana da shekaru uku lokacin da iyayensa suka sake su. Ɗaya daga cikin kakannin Rogers ya mallaki Otal ɗin Stratford da ke Greenwood, Tulsa, Oklahoma, wanda aka fi sani da The Black Wall Street. An lalata otal ɗin a rikicin tseren Tulsa . Rogers ya taimaka wajen samar da kuɗi ''kafin su mutu!,'' wani shirin gaskiya da ke bayyana wasu labaran waɗanda suka tsira, kuma ya fito a cikin fim ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> Wani daga cikin kakanninsa shi ne [[Scipio Vaughan]], wani bawan Ba’amurke ɗan ƙasar [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]], wanda ya zama bawan Amurka, wanda [[Iyali Vaughan|iyalinsa]] suka yi fice da yawa tsawon shekaru. === Ilimi === Rogers ya girma ne a yankin al'umma na Hyde Park da ke South Side na Chicago, kuma ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantun Dakunan Gwaji na Jami'ar Chicago a shekarar 1976. Tun yana ɗan shekara 12 mahaifinsa ya fara ba shi hannun jari mai biyan riba . Ya je kwaleji a Jami'ar Princeton, inda ya shafe lokaci a dillalin hannun jari na gida kuma inda ya sami tasiri daga Burton Malkiel 's ''A Random Walk Down Wall Street'' . <ref name="MRN"/> Ya kasance abokin wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji na Craig Robinson, kuma shi ne kyaftin na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta Princeton Tigers, wacce ta lashe gasar Ivy League ta 1979-80. <ref name="FMBCJR8WWWA"/> Yana da dabi'ar karanta mujallun kasuwanci da kuma kiran dillalinsa daga wayoyin biyan kuɗi na filin wasa. Rogers ya yaba wa Pete Carril, kocin ƙwallon kwandonsa, a matsayin babban tasirinsa a jami'a saboda Carril ya jaddada daidaito da aiki tare. <ref name="IWAEOTB" /> Rogers ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Princeton. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1980, ya yi aiki a William Blair &amp;amp; Company da ke [[Chicago]] . Bayan 'yan shekaru, kuma tare da tallafin kuɗi daga dangi da abokai, ya buɗe kamfaninsa, ya fara da Asusun Tallafawa Ma'aikata na Gundumar Chicago a matsayin asusunsa na farko. <ref name="MRN"/> == Sana'a == === Gudanar da Babban Birnin Ariel === Rogers shine wanda ya kafa Ariel Capital Management. <ref name="AFFG">{{Cite web |last=Stodghill, Ron |date=February 26, 1996 |title=Ariel's Fall From Grace: John Rogers is trying to revive his sagging investment firm |url=http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1996/b3464105.arc.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523230348/http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1996/b3464105.arc.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2011 |access-date=December 19, 2008 |website=[[BusinessWeek]] |publisher=[[The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.]]}}</ref> <ref name="AClmsb">{{Cite web |last=Strahler, Steven R. |date=November 29, 2006 |title=Ariel Capital loses more state business |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=23031&seenIt=1 |access-date=December 18, 2008 |website=Chicago Business |publisher=[[Crain Communications, Inc.]]}}</ref> An kafa kamfanin a watan Yulin 1983 da tallafin kuɗi na dala $10,000 daga abokai da dangi. <ref name="ACML" /> <ref name="Ciotmtfwp">{{Cite web |last=Topolnicki, Denise M. |date=May 31, 1987 |title=Chicagoan is on the money target firms with potential |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CSTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB36D6CEC239D31&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |access-date=December 18, 2008 |website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |publisher=[[Newsbank]]}}</ref> Asusun Ariel ya fara aiki a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1986. A watan Nuwamba na 2000, yana da ma'aikata 41. A watan Fabrairu na 2002, kamfanin yana da ma'aikata 51 da kuma sama da abokan ciniki na cibiyoyi 120 (ciki har da [[United Airlines]], [[Chevron|ChevronTexaco]], da kuma Tsarin Ritaya na Malaman Jihar California ), wanda ya girma ya haɗa da abokan ciniki na cibiyoyi kamar Wal-Mart da PepsiCo kafin Afrilun 2005. <ref name="JRTS">{{Cite web |date=April 15, 2005 |title=John Rogers |url=https://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200504/20050415_rogers.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122212340/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200504/20050415_rogers.html |archive-date=January 22, 2009 |access-date=December 18, 2008 |publisher=The Smiley Group, Inc.}}</ref> Kamfanin yana da ma'aikata sama da 100 a shekarar 2008. <ref name="ACML">{{Cite web |title=Ariel Capital Management LLC |url=http://washington.bizjournals.com/gen/company.html?gcode=6C9D71AB69E14691BD11DD13149CB0DC |access-date=December 18, 2008 |publisher=[[American City Business Journals, Inc.]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref> A shekarar 2008, kamfanin ya canza sunansa zuwa Ariel Investments, LLC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilson, Whitney |last2=John Heins |date=December 20, 2005 |title=Outsourcing For Outsized Profits: Whitney Tilson and John Heins, Value Investor Insight |url=https://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230052324/http://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |archive-date=December 30, 2005 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=Forbes.com Inc.}}</ref> Rogers ya kuma yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na wasu kamfanonin da ke Chicago da aka sayar da su a bainar jama'a, ciki har da Exelon, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> da Bally Total Fitness Corporation, inda aka nada shi babban darakta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilson, Whitney |last2=John Heins |date=December 20, 2005 |title=Outsourcing For Outsized Profits: Whitney Tilson and John Heins, Value Investor Insight |url=https://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230052324/http://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |archive-date=December 30, 2005 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=Forbes.com Inc.}}</ref> Rogers ya kasance mai bayar da gudummawa akai-akai ga ''Forbes'' tsawon shekaru da yawa kuma tarihin sharhinsa na kan layi ya samo asali ne tun daga shekarar 2001. <ref name="BJWRJ"/> Yana bayar da sharhi na kuɗi na kai-tsaye a cikin wani shafi wanda kwanan nan ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin taken "Mai Zuba Jari Mai Jinya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilson, Whitney |last2=John Heins |date=December 20, 2005 |title=Outsourcing For Outsized Profits: Whitney Tilson and John Heins, Value Investor Insight |url=https://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230052324/http://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |archive-date=December 30, 2005 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=Forbes.com Inc.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lim, Paul J. |date=July 26, 2007 |title=The Real-Estate Market Still Stinks, but Some Housing Stocks May Be Tempting |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423010851/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |archive-date=April 23, 2009 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |publisher=U.S. News & World Report, L.P.}}</ref> === Hidimar jama'a === [[Fayil:Secretary_Perez_at_press_conference_at_Center_for_Economics_Progress_(28116615375).jpg|thumb|Sakataren Kwadago Thomas Perez (tsakiya) yana magana a wani taron manema labarai a Cibiyar Ci Gaban Tattalin Arziki ta Chicago. Rogers yana kan gefen dama.]] A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Rogers ya zama Ba’amurke ɗan Afirka na farko da ya lashe kyautar Woodrow Wilson daga Jami'ar Princeton saboda hidimarsa ga tsofaffin ɗaliban Princeton, al'ummar Chicago, al'ummar Ba’amurke 'yan Afirka da kuma al'ummar kuɗi. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=Princeton Athletic Communications |date=November 8, 2007 |title=Former Men's Basketball Captain John Rogers '80 Wins Woodrow Wilson Award |url=http://www.goprincetontigers.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=46548&SPID=4231&DB_OEM_ID=10600&ATCLID=1306494 |access-date=December 17, 2008 |website=GoPrincetonTigers.com |publisher=[[Princeton University]] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="WAw">{{Cite web |last=Princeton Athletic Communications |date=November 9, 2007 |title=Wilson Award winner |url=http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/article.asp?intID=6279 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316190639/http://ivyleaguesports.com/article.asp?intID=6279 |archive-date=March 16, 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2008 |website=IvyLeague Sports.com}}</ref> A shekarar 1994, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' ta nuna shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shugabanninta 50 'yan ƙasa da shekara 40. Rogers shine shugaban taron shekara-shekara na ayyukan tsiraru na Wall Street Project na Jesse Jackson, shugaban Chicago Urban League, memba na allunan kamfanoni huɗu kuma babban mai fafutukar yaƙin neman zaɓe ga fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Princeton kuma Sanata Bill Bradley na Amurka a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2000. <ref name="MRN"/> Uku daga cikin allunan da yake yi wa aiki a kansu suna cikin kamfanonin Fortune 500 : Aon Corporation, Exelon Corporation, McDonald's <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> da kuma a shekarar 2018 Nike . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilson, Whitney |last2=John Heins |date=December 20, 2005 |title=Outsourcing For Outsized Profits: Whitney Tilson and John Heins, Value Investor Insight |url=https://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230052324/http://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |archive-date=December 30, 2005 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=Forbes.com Inc.}}</ref> Shi amintaccen Jami'ar Chicago ne. Ya yi wa ƙungiyoyin jama'a, ilimi da fasaha hidima da yawa a matsayin darakta ko amintaccen, gami da Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, da Chicago Symphony Orchestra . A Princeton, ya kasance amintaccen jami'ar daga 1990 zuwa 1994 kuma kwanan nan ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Tsoffin Daliban Baƙar fata ta Princeton (ABPA) da kuma kwamitin gudanarwa na Princeton Varsity Club, da kuma Kwamitin Makarantun Tsoffin Daliban. <ref name="WAw" /> A farkon shekarun 1990, Rogers ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban tara kuɗi a ƙoƙarin Project Vote wanda tsohon Shugaban Amurka [[Barack Obama]] ya jagoranta. Ya kasance mai fafutukar ganin an sami ƙarin bambancin ra'ayi a manyan mukamai na kamfanoni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lim, Paul J. |date=July 26, 2007 |title=The Real-Estate Market Still Stinks, but Some Housing Stocks May Be Tempting |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423010851/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |archive-date=April 23, 2009 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |publisher=U.S. News & World Report, L.P.}}</ref> Rogers da kamfaninsa suna cikin ƙungiyar abokan hulɗa na al'umma waɗanda ke tallafawa [[Chicago|Kwalejin Al'umma ta Ariel]], wacce ke mai da hankali kan ilimin kuɗi a cikin manhajar karatunta. <ref name="WAw"/> Ya tsara manhajoji kuma ya kawo ɗalibai zuwa tarurrukan gudanarwa. Sakamakon kuɗinsa da lokacinsa, kashi 80% na waɗanda suka kammala karatun aji takwas daga makarantar ana karɓar su a makarantun sakandare na yankin da suka fi fice. <ref name="BHPGB">{{Cite web |last=Zweig, Jason |date=July 6, 2007 |title=Buy. Hold. Profit. Give Back.: Ariel Capital's John Rogers built an outstanding record investing in a few "great ideas" for the long run. Then he had his own idea: to launch a school to teach inner-city kids about money. |url=https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/19/pf/rogers_interview.moneymag/ |access-date=December 18, 2008 |website=[[Money (magazine)|Money]] |publisher=[[Cable News Network]] |archive-date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203151355/https://money.cnn.com/2007/06/19/pf/rogers_interview.moneymag/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rogers ya ɗauki ajin ɗalibai 40 na aji shida akan farashin $200,000 kowace shekara ta hanyar "I Have A Dream Foundation". Ya yi tsammanin zai biya kuɗin kwaleji na kimanin ɗalibai 30. Ya kasance cikin da'irar cikin gida ta yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa [[Barack Obama|na Barack Obama]] . Ya daɗe yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin Obama wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin kuɗi na Obama na Illinois kuma ya kasance babban mai tara kuɗi ga 'yan takarar Jam'iyyar Democrat. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> Ya yi aiki tare da Bill Daley, Pat Ryan, Penny Pritzker da Julianna Smoot a kwamitin rantsar da shugaban ƙasa na Barack Obama na 2009. A watan Yunin 2009, Rogers ya zama shugaban kwamitin makarantun dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jami'ar Chicago . John ya bar hukumar a 2016. <ref name="news.uchicago.edu">{{Cite web |title=UChicago News |url=http://news.uchicago.edu/news.php?asset_id=1651 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610031510/http://news.uchicago.edu/news.php?asset_id=1651 |archive-date=June 10, 2010 |access-date=January 16, 2017 |website=uchicago.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilson, Whitney |last2=John Heins |date=December 20, 2005 |title=Outsourcing For Outsized Profits: Whitney Tilson and John Heins, Value Investor Insight |url=https://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230052324/http://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |archive-date=December 30, 2005 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=Forbes.com Inc.}}</ref> === Daukaka === Tun daga ƙarshen Disamba 2011, filin wasan ƙwallon kwando a babban wurin motsa jiki na Jami'ar Chicago Laboratory Schools an sanya masa suna bayan Rogers. Rogers ya kammala karatunsa kuma ya buga ƙwallon kwando a Lab. An buga sunansa a ƙasa a lokacin hutun hunturu na shekarar makaranta ta 2011-12, kuma an amince da sabon taken kotun a hukumance a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2012, a wani biki da ya yi daidai da wasan gida na Lab da abokin hamayyarsa na taron Northridge Prep . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Yana da 'ya mace, Victoria, tare da tsohuwar matarsa Desirée Rogers . A ranar 28 ga Disamba, 2002, Rogers ya auri Sharon Fairley. <ref name="WCSFJRJ">{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2002 |title=Weddings/Celebrations; Sharon Fairley, John Rogers Jr. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/29/style/weddings-celebrations-sharon-fairley-john-rogers-jr.html |access-date=April 27, 2009 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> A lokacin da aka sanar da aurensu a shekarar 2002 a ''[[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]]'', Fairley ita ce babbar darakta a fannin tallan masu saye da kuma ci gaban alamar kasuwanci a Pharmacia . <ref name="WCSFJRJ" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilson, Whitney |last2=John Heins |date=December 20, 2005 |title=Outsourcing For Outsized Profits: Whitney Tilson and John Heins, Value Investor Insight |url=https://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230052324/http://www.forbes.com/investmentnewsletters/2005/12/20/value-servicemaster-investing-in_wt_1220adviserqa_inl.html |archive-date=December 30, 2005 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Forbes]] |publisher=Forbes.com Inc.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lim, Paul J. |date=July 26, 2007 |title=The Real-Estate Market Still Stinks, but Some Housing Stocks May Be Tempting |url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423010851/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/articles/070726/26housingmarket.htm |archive-date=April 23, 2009 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |publisher=U.S. News & World Report, L.P.}}</ref> Rogers da Fairley sun sake aure a watan Fabrairun 2015. Rogers ya doke Michael Jordan a wasan da suka yi da 1-on-1 a Las Vegas a watan Agusta na 2003 a Makarantar Koyon Jiragen Sama ta Michael Jordan. Sansanin, wanda 'yan kasuwa masu arziki suka halarta a farkon shekarun 2000, yana da kuɗin rajista na $15,000. Jaridar Wall Street Journal ta buga bidiyo a shekarar 2008 na wani Rogers sanye da tabarau yana tuƙi yana cin kwallo a kan Jordan, inda ya ci 3-2 a wasan da aka yi da shi, bayan Jordan ta yi kakar wasa ta ƙarshe tare da Washington Wizards. Sakamakon ya sa ɗan kallo kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Damon wayans|Damon Wayans]] ya gaya wa Jordan a gaban masu sansanin, "Yaya kake ji game da wulaƙanta wani mutum da ya fi shekaru biyar girma?". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariel Investments, LLC |url=http://www.arielinvestments.com/ |publisher=[[Ariel Investments]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] aod5670rnd86sdw6ycswj5x6eybnygi 0 135204 840456 777490 2026-05-27T11:52:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840456 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Jonathan Jacob Hirtle''' babban jami'in masana'antar saka hannun jari ne wanda ya fara amfani da tsarin Babban Jami'in Zuba Jari (OCIO) na waje. <ref> name="williamson">{{Cite web |last=Williamson |first=Christine |date=18 August 2011 |title=Hirtle Callaghan co-founder was an early leader in developing investment outsourcing |url=http://www.pionline.com/article/20110822/PRINT/308229960/hirtle-callaghan-co-founder-was-an-early-leader-in-developing-investment-outsourcing |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Pensions & Investments}}</ref> Saboda sabbin abubuwan da ya yi a OCIO, an yi wa Hirtle lakabi da "Oracle of Outsource." A shekarar 1988, Hirtle ta kafa Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. tare da haɗin gwiwa, wanda aka amince da shi a matsayin kamfanin OCIO na farko da ya yi wa ƙungiyoyin iyali da ƙungiyoyin da ba sa ɗaukar ma'aikata masu cikakken ma'aikata aiki. <ref>name="whoweare">{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/at-a-glance.aspx |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Hirtle Callaghan & Co. |archive-date=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183648/http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/at-a-glance.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamfanin yana da sama da dala biliyan 20 a ƙarƙashin gudanarwa. <ref> name="aicio">{{Cite web |title=2014 Outsourced Chief Investment Officer Buyer's Guide |url=http://ai-cio.com/2014_Outsourced_Chief_Investment_Officer_Buyers_Guide.aspx?page=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416182457/http://ai-cio.com/2014_Outsourced_Chief_Investment_Officer_Buyers_Guide.aspx?page=3 |archive-date=16 April 2014 |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=aiCIO Magazine}}</ref> Jon yana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gudanarwa na Hirtle, Callaghan & Co., LLC. <ref name="leadership">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Who We Are: Leadership |url=http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/leadership/jonathan-hirtle.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183434/http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/leadership/jonathan-hirtle.aspx |archive-date=16 April 2014 |access-date=11 August 2016 |website= |publisher=Hirtle Callaghan & Co.}}</ref> Haka kuma yana aiki a Hukumar Daraktocin Gidan Tarihi na Juyin Juya Halin Amurka kuma yana aiki a Cibiyar Buffalo Bill ta Yammacin Cody, Wyoming. == Bayani == An haifi Jonathan Hirtle a Cheswick, Pennsylvania a shekarar 1952 kuma ya kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare ta Springdale da ke Springdale, PA . Hirtle ta sami digirin BA a shekarar 1974 da kuma digirin MBA a shekarar 1982 daga Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania. Daga 1975 zuwa 1982, Hirtle ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Profile: Jonathan Jacob Hirtle |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140415190003/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |archive-date=April 15, 2014 |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Bloomberg Business Week}}</ref> Kafin kafa Hirtle Callaghan a shekarar 1988, Hirtle ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa a Goldman, Sachs &amp;amp; Co. na tsawon shekaru shida, tana ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyin iyali da cibiyoyi kan dabarun saka hannun jari da zaɓin hannun jari. <ref name="williamson">{{Cite web |last=Williamson |first=Christine |date=18 August 2011 |title=Hirtle Callaghan co-founder was an early leader in developing investment outsourcing |url=http://www.pionline.com/article/20110822/PRINT/308229960/hirtle-callaghan-co-founder-was-an-early-leader-in-developing-investment-outsourcing |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Pensions & Investments}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliamson2011">Williamson, Christine (18 August 2011). [http://www.pionline.com/article/20110822/PRINT/308229960/hirtle-callaghan-co-founder-was-an-early-leader-in-developing-investment-outsourcing "Hirtle Callaghan co-founder was an early leader in developing investment outsourcing"]. Pensions & Investments<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Hirtle ta haɗu ta kafa Hirtle Callaghan tare da Donald E. Callaghan, wani mataimakin shugaban Goldman Sachs, don yin aiki kawai a matsayin Babban Jami'in Zuba Jari na waje da kuma sashen saka hannun jari ga ƙungiyoyin iyali da cibiyoyi waɗanda suka zaɓi kada su haɓaka da kuma biyan kuɗin sashen saka hannun jari na cikin gida mai cikakken ma'aikata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Profile: Jonathan Jacob Hirtle |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140415190003/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |archive-date=April 15, 2014 |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Bloomberg Business Week}}</ref> == Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. == Hirtle, Callaghan & Co. tana tsara da kuma kula da shirye-shiryen saka hannun jari masu cikakken tsari ga iyalai da cibiyoyi, kuma tana tsara tsarin saka hannun jarin ga kowane abokin ciniki. <ref name="whoweare">{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/at-a-glance.aspx |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Hirtle Callaghan & Co. |archive-date=16 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183648/http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/at-a-glance.aspx |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/at-a-glance.aspx "Who We Are"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211060842/http://www.hirtlecallaghan.com/who-we-are/at-a-glance.aspx |date=2018-02-11 }}. Hirtle Callaghan & Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Kamfanin yana kula da sama da dala biliyan 20 a ƙarƙashin umarnin da aka tsara, wanda aka raba daidai tsakanin abokan ciniki na iyali da na cibiyoyi. <ref name="whoweare"/> <ref name="aicio">{{Cite web |title=2014 Outsourced Chief Investment Officer Buyer's Guide |url=http://ai-cio.com/2014_Outsourced_Chief_Investment_Officer_Buyers_Guide.aspx?page=3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416182457/http://ai-cio.com/2014_Outsourced_Chief_Investment_Officer_Buyers_Guide.aspx?page=3 |archive-date=16 April 2014 |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=aiCIO Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416182457/http://ai-cio.com/2014_Outsourced_Chief_Investment_Officer_Buyers_Guide.aspx?page=3 "2014 Outsourced Chief Investment Officer Buyer's Guide"]. aiCIO Magazine. Archived from [http://ai-cio.com/2014_Outsourced_Chief_Investment_Officer_Buyers_Guide.aspx?page=3 the original] on 16 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Hirtle tana aiki a matsayin Shugaban Gudanarwa na kamfanin kuma tana jagorantar Kwamitin Gudanarwa na kamfanin, wanda ke jagorantar da aiwatar da dabarun kamfani da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen shugabanci a dukkan fannoni na kasuwancin. === Tsarin Babban Jami'in Zuba Jari na Waje === A Hirtle Callaghan, Jonathan Hirtle ya fara amfani da tsarin Babban Jami'in Zuba Jari (OCIO) wanda yanzu ya shahara a ƙasashen waje. <ref name="williamson"/> == Tushen kafofin watsa labarai == A matsayinsa na wanda ya fara amfani da tsarin saka hannun jari na OCIO, Jonathan Hirtle ya zama ƙwararre a fannin OCIO a fannin kafofin watsa labarai kuma an nuna shi a mujallun saka hannun jari, gidajen watsa labarai na ƙasa, da kuma wallafe-wallafe da yawa. Ana neman Hirtle don yin sharhi kan sabbin abubuwan da ke faruwa kuma a kai a kai yana ba da shawarwari kan saka hannun jari ga wasu a cikin masana'antar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Profile: Jonathan Jacob Hirtle |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140415190003/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |archive-date=April 15, 2014 |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Bloomberg Business Week}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Profile: Jonathan Jacob Hirtle |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140415190003/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26689005&privcapId=21928064 |archive-date=April 15, 2014 |access-date=15 April 2014 |publisher=Bloomberg Business Week}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kqpl9au8qxeesapsi0853bpwgwqqubf 0 136703 840416 791558 2026-05-27T07:27:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jerry Winston Jarrett''' (Satumba 4, 1942 - Fabrairu 14, 2023) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan Amurka, ƙwararren mai tallata kokawa, kuma ƙwararren mai kokawa. Tare da abokin kasuwancinsa na dogon lokaci Jerry Lawler, ya kasance babban mutum a tarihin kokawa na ƙwararru a Tsakiyar Kudancin Amurka . <ref name="Cagematch">{{Cite web |title=Jerry Jarrett |url=http://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1556 |access-date=April 17, 2017 |publisher=Cagematch.de |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121123652/https://www.cagematch.net/?id=2&nr=1556 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An bayyana shi a matsayin "gwani mai kokawa", an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun Ƙungiyoyin Kokawa na Ƙasa a 2009. Jarrett ya kafa ƙungiyar kokawa ta Continental da ke Memphis, Tennessee a shekarar 1977. A shekarar 1989, ya haɗa CWA da ƙungiyar kokawa ta duniya mai suna promotion World Class Championship da ke Dallas, inda ya ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar kokawa ta Amurka wadda ya sayar wa Lawler a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 2002, ya haɗu da ƙungiyar kokawa ta Amurka (NWA:TNA) tare da ɗansa Jeff Jarrett, inda ya sayar da hannun jarinsa ga Panda Energy International daga baya a wannan shekarar. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Jarrett ga Christine "Teeny" Jarrett (1923–1998) a Nashville a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1942. <ref name="Dills2">{{Cite web |last=Dills, Tim |year=2004 |title=KM Interviews...Jerry Jarrett Pt. 1 (B) |url=http://www.kayfabememories.com/Interviews/jjarrett-2.htm |access-date=April 19, 2017 |website=KayfabeMemories.com}}</ref> Iyayensa sun rabu lokacin yana ɗan shekara uku. Domin tallafawa Jerry Jarrett da 'yar uwarsa, Christine ta fara aiki a matsayin mai sayar da tikiti a Nashville Hippodrome ga Nick Gulas da Roy Welch, masu tallata NWA Mid-America . Bayan wani lokaci, Gulas da Welch sun ba Christine Jarrett ƙarin nauyi, kuma a farkon shekarun 1970, tana tallata shirye-shirye a madadinsu a [[Indiana]] da [[Kentucky]] . <ref name="Nation">{{Cite web |last=Nation, Ryan |date=May 10, 2006 |title=Mother's Day special: Remembering Christine Jarrett |url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/2006/05/10/1573037.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628233455/http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/2006/05/10/1573037.html |archive-date=June 28, 2015 |access-date=April 18, 2017 |website=[[Canoe.com]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]]}}</ref> Lokacin da take da shekaru bakwai, Jerry Jarrett ya fara sayar da shirye-shirye ga Gulas da Welch. <ref name="Dills2" /> Bayan ya sami lasisin tuki na wahala yana ɗan shekara 14, Jarrett ya fara tallata wasannin kokawa na ƙwararru: hayar gine-gine, shirye-shiryen talla, gina zoben, sayar da tikiti, da kuma adana kayan ciye-ciye. <ref name="Dills2"/> <ref name="Hebert">{{Cite web |last=Hebert, Bertrand |date=November 10, 2013 |title=Jerry Jarrett's book offers a lifetime of lessons |url=http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Reviews/2013/11/10/21257341.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419103903/http://slam.canoe.com/Slam/Wrestling/Reviews/2013/11/10/21257341.html |archive-date=April 19, 2017 |access-date=April 18, 2017 |website=[[Canoe.com]] |publisher=[[Postmedia Network]]}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai talla har sai da ya yi rajista a Kwalejin Peabody . Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1963, Jarrett ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru huɗu a Kamfanin Masana'antu na Murray Ohio a matsayin wakilin siye kafin ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a kokawa ta ƙwararru. Ya fara aiki da Welch da Gulas a matsayin mataimakin ofis kuma ya zama alkalin wasa bayan alkalin wasa ya hana shiga. <ref name="Dills2" /> == Aikin kokawa na ƙwararru == A lokacin da yake aiki a matsayin alkalanci a shekarun 1960, Jarrett ya zama ƙwararren kokawa. Abokinsa Tojo Yamamoto da tsohon kokawa Sailor Moran sun horar da shi. Ya yi kokawa a wasansa na farko a Hayti, Missouri a shekarar 1965. Bayan fara wasa, Jarrett ya kafa ƙungiyar tag tare da Yamamoto. <ref name="Dills2"/> <ref name="Cagematch"/> <ref name="Lawler2008">{{Cite book|last3=Jerry Lawler}}</ref> Jarrett ya yi wasa musamman ga NWA Mid-America a cikin 'yan shekarun farko. Tsakanin 1970 da 1976, ya lashe gasar NWA Mid-America Tag Team Championship sau ɗaya, gasar NWA World Tag Team Championship <nowiki><i id="mwjw">(ta Mid-America version)</i></nowiki> sau ɗaya, da kuma gasar NWA Southern Tag Team Championship <nowiki><i id="mwkQ">(ta Mid-America version)</i></nowiki> sau goma. Jarrett ya kuma yi wasa a gasar Gulas ta Southeastern Championship Wrestling kuma ya lashe gasar NWA Tennessee Tag Team Championship a shekarar 1975. <ref name="tn">{{Cite web |title=NWA Tennessee Tag Team Title |url=http://www.wrestling-titles.com/us/tn/tn-t.html |publisher=Wrestling-titles.com}}</ref> A shekarar 1977, Jarrett ya kafa Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Nahiyar . Baya ga yin rajistar ƙarin matsayi, yana kuma yin kokawa lokaci-lokaci. Shi da Yamamoto sun zama zakaran ƙungiyar CWA ta Duniya a watan Yulin 1980, inda suka rasa bel ɗinsu ga Austin Idol da Dutch Mantel a wata mai zuwa. <ref name="CWATagHistory">{{Cite web |title=CWA World Tag Team Title |url=http://www.prowrestlinghistory.com/memphis/titles/cwatag.html#worldtag |access-date=March 30, 2017 |website=Pro Wrestling History}}</ref> A shekarar 1985, Jarrett ya yi kokawa na ɗan lokaci a ƙarƙashin abin rufe fuska a matsayin "Hawaiian Flash". <ref name="Kayfabe1985">{{Cite web |title=Memphis/CWA #12 Page #2 |url=https://www.kayfabememories.com/Regions/memphis/memphis-cwa12-2.htm |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=KayfabeMemories.com |quote=Back in the studio, The Hawaiian Flash appeared. The masked man wanted revenge for Lawler against Dundee. It became clear as the man talked that the Flash was Jerry Jarrett underneath a mask.}}</ref> Jarrett ya yi ritaya a hukumance a shekarar 1988, duk da cewa ya dawo daga ritaya a shekarar 1993 da 1995 don yin kokawa a lokuta da dama ga Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Amurka . <ref name="Cagematch"/> == Inganta aiki == === Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Nahiyar Afirka (1977–1989) === A farkon shekarun 1970, Jarrett da mahaifiyarsa sun fara tallata wasannin kokawa na ƙwararru a madadin Gulas a yankin Memphis . <ref name="Dills1">{{Cite web |last=Dills, Tim |year=2004 |title=KM Interviews...Jerry Jarrett Pt. 1 (A) |url=http://www.kayfabememories.com/Interviews/jjarrett.htm |access-date=April 19, 2017 |website=KayfabeMemories.com}}</ref> <ref name="Dills3" /> Bayan takaddama da Gulas a shekarar 1977, Jerry Jarrett ya zaɓi ya rabu da fara wani talla, Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Nahiyar (CWA). Tare da goyon bayan mahaifiyarsa, Jerry Lawler, da Buddy Fuller, Jerry Jarrett ya gina CWA a matsayin wata nasara ta tallatawa, yana shirya tarurruka kowace Litinin waɗanda ke sayar da Mid-South Coliseum akai-akai kuma suna watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin kowace Asabar da safe a WMC-TV . A shekarar 1981, NWA Mid-America ta faɗi saboda gasa daga CWA, inda Gulas ya sayar da yankinsa ga Jarrett. <ref name="Dills3">{{Cite web |last=Dills, Tim |year=2004 |title=KM Interviews...Jerry Jarrett Pt. 2 |url=http://www.kayfabememories.com/Interviews/jjarrett2-2.htm |access-date=April 19, 2017 |website=KayfabeMemories.com}}</ref> <ref name="Hart2004">{{Cite book|last3=Jimmy Hart}}</ref> <ref name="AustinBryant2012">{{Cite book|last3=Stone Cold Steve Austin}}</ref> A shekarar 1979, ƙungiyar Freebirds ta nemi Jarrett ya buga " Free Bird " a ƙofar shiga. Sun fara gwada shi a Mid-South Coliseum kuma suka juya hasken gidan. Sakamakon haka, Jarrett ya zama ɗaya daga cikin masu tallata waƙoƙi na farko da suka yi amfani da kiɗa da bidiyo don tallata jerin 'yan kokawa. <ref name="WattsWilliams2006">{{Cite book|last3=Bill Watts}}</ref> A shekarar 1984, Jarrett ya shiga musayar baiwa da tallan wasan kokawa na Mid-South na Bill Watts . Jarrett da Lawler sun shawarci Watts da ya kawo ƙarin matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo zuwa yankinsa don jawo hankalin matasa magoya baya, musamman mata domin sau da yawa suna kawo samarinsu zuwa wasannin. <ref name="WattsWilliams2006"/> A shekarar 1988, Jarrett ya fara tattaunawa da Verne Gagne, mamallakin American Wrestling Association da ke Minneapolis, Minnesota {{En dash}} game da yiwuwar haɗewa. Bayan tattaunawar ta wargaje a shekarar 1989, Jarrett ya shiga haɗuwa da World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW), wani talla da ke Dallas, don ƙirƙirar United States Wrestling Association . === Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Amurka (1989–1995) === Ƙungiyar Kokawa ta Amurka ta fara tallata wasannin kokawa a [[Tennessee]] da [[Texas]] a shekarar 1989, inda Jarrett ke da burin mayar da shi matsayin wani babban ci gaba a ƙasa. A shekarar 1990, WCCW ta janye daga USWA bayan takaddamar samun kuɗi kuma ta wargaje jim kaɗan bayan haka. A shekarar 1992, USWA ta fara shirin musayar baiwa da Hukumar Kokawa ta Duniya . A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, yawan masu halartar gasar Mid-South Coliseum ya ragu sosai, kuma Jarrett ya sayar da hannun jarinsa na karin girma ga Jerry Lawler da Larry Burton kafin ya faɗi a shekarar 1997. <ref name="obit">{{Cite web |last=Zucker |first=Joseph |date=February 14, 2023 |title=Jerry Jarrett, Father of WWE Hall of Famer Jeff Jarrett, Dies at Age 80 |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/10065685-jerry-jarrett-father-of-wwe-hall-of-famer-jeff-jarrett-dies-at-age-80 |access-date=February 14, 2023 |publisher=Bleacher Report}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ijnpfd9qp9lmrza59evp1oc52tnb1u9 0 137432 840308 821050 2026-05-26T19:12:49Z Mustysummy 21281 Karamin gyara 840308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri''' (Arabic) wanda aka fi sani da '''Abd al-Aziz al-Masri''' (Arabian), an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1966 a Bani Suwayf, [[Misra|Misira]]) memba ne a Masar na Majalisar Shura ta kungiyar ta'addanci [[al-Qaeda]] kuma tsohon memba na [[Jihadin Islama a Masar|Jihad na Musulunci na Masar]], daga inda ya yi ƙaura zuwa al-Qaedo, tare da Ayman al-Zawahiri . Al-Bakri yana da yawa, kuma Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka tana ba da har zuwa dala miliyan 5 don bayani game da wurinsa. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta so hoton ya ce:Arabic-language_text" id="mwDw" rel="mw:PageProp/Category"/><blockquote>Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri memba ne na al-Qaida kuma masanin fashewa da makamai masu guba. Shi memba ne na majalisar al-Qaida Shura kuma yana da kusanci da shugabannin al-Qaeda Saif al-Adel da Ayman al-Zawahiri . Kafin ya shiga al-Qaeda, al-Bakri memba ne na kungiyar ta'addanci ta Jihad ta Masar, a karkashin jagorancin Ayman al-Zawahiri . Ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a sansanonin al-Qaeda a [[Afghanistan]], yana ba da horo ga 'yan ta'adda na makamai masu guba. Al-Bakri kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sace jirgin fasinja na Pakistan Air a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000. Wataƙila yana ci gaba da horar da 'yan ta'adda na al-Qaida da sauran masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.</blockquote>Don zama memba a cikin al-Qaeda, al-Bakri (a ƙarƙashin sunan mahaifiyar Bakri) yana ƙarƙashin takunkumi na duniya ta Kwamitin Tsaro na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] 1267 . Rubutun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da shi, daga 2005, ya ce al-Bakri na iya kasancewa a [[Iran]]. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2023}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dubi kuma == * [[Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah]] * Jerin masu tserewa daga adalci waɗanda suka ɓace * [[Osama bin Laden]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] euyq2g0rqf2hd7ries074g68zbdosh1 0 140742 840381 808288 2026-05-27T02:46:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jennifer Finney Boylan''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1958) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, farfesa a Kwalejin Barnard, kuma tsohuwar marubuciya ce mai ba da gudummawa ga jaridar ''[[New York Times]]'' . A watan Disamba na 2023, ta zama shugabar PEN America, bayan ta taɓa zama mataimakiyar shugaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2016 |title=Current Board of Trustees |url=https://pen.org/current-board-of-trustees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305181438/https://pen.org/current-board-of-trustees/ |archive-date=March 5, 2018 |website=pen.org}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Boylan a Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, kuma ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Haverford, wata makarantar shirye-shiryen kwaleji mai zaman kanta da ke Haverford, Pennsylvania, a shekarar 1976. Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Wesleyan a shekarar 1980, sannan ta kammala karatun digirinta a fannin Turanci a Jami'ar Johns Hopkins . <ref name="BarnardProfile">{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Boylan &#124; Barnard College |url=https://barnard.edu/profiles/jennifer-boylan |website=barnard.edu}}</ref> == Sana'a == Boylan tana cikin malaman Kwalejin Colby daga 1988 zuwa 2014. <ref name="GLAAD bio">{{Cite web |title=Professor Jennifer Finney Boylan (Maine) (May 2011 – Present) |url=http://www.glaad.org/about/board/jenniferboylan |access-date=2012-12-26 |publisher=GLAAD}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2014 |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan - |url=http://www.wcsh6.com/story/news/local/207/2014/05/27/jennifer-finney-boylan/9645435/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140528215337/http://www.wcsh6.com/story/news/local/207/2014/05/27/jennifer-finney-boylan/9645435/ |archive-date=May 28, 2014 |website=WCSH6}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, an nada ta a matsayin "Farfesa ta Shekara" a Kwalejin Colby. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan |url=http://www.colby.edu/directory/profile/jenny.boylan/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701080517/http://www.colby.edu/directory/profile/jenny.boylan/ |archive-date=2014-07-01 |website=colby.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan Home Page |url=http://personal.colby.edu/personal/j/jfboylan/author.htm |website=personal.colby.edu}}</ref> Ta koma Barnard a shekara ta 2014, inda ta kasance Farfesa a fannin Turanci da kuma Anna Quindlen Marubuciya a Gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Boylan &#124; Barnard English |url=https://english.barnard.edu/profiles/jennifer-boylan |website=english.barnard.edu}}</ref> Boylan ta rubuta littattafai 19, ciki har da littattafai, tarin gajerun labarai, da kuma tarihin rayuwarta. Littafin tarihin rayuwarta na 2003, ''She's Not There: A Life in Two Genders'', shine littafi na farko da wani Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Amurka ya buga wanda ya zama marubuci a fili. ''The Advocate'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wani muhimmin ɓangare na kundin adabi na trans-literature". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-16 |title=Jenny Boylan's Trans Memoir Chronicles Her 'Boyhood' Through Her Dogs |url=https://www.advocate.com/exclusives/2020/6/16/jenny-boylans-trans-memoir-chronicles-her-boyhood-through-her-dogs |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=www.advocate.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="GLAAD bio"/> Littafin tarihin rayuwarta ''Good Boy: My Life in Seven Dogs'' an buga shi a ranar 21 ga Afrilu, 2020, ta Celadon Books. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Good Boy – Celadon Books |url=https://celadonbooks.com/portfolio/good-boy/ |access-date=2020-07-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2022, ta buga ''Mad Honey'', wani labari da aka rubuta tare da marubuciya Jodi Picoult, wacce ta fi sayarwa a ''jaridar New York Times'' . Ta kasance Marubuciya Mai Ba da Gudummawa a Ra'ayinta a ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' daga Oktoba 2007 zuwa Afrilu 2022. <ref name="GLAAD bio"/> A shekarar 2013, an zaɓi Boylan a matsayin shugabar kwamitin gudanarwa na GLAAD ta farko a fili wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai canza jinsi. Ta kuma yi aiki a kwamitin ba da shawara kan manufofi na kare haƙƙin jinsi a Maryland <ref name="grmd-advisors">{{Cite web |title=Policy Advisory Board |url=http://www.genderrightsmaryland.org/joomla/about-us/policy-advisory-board |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221025232/http://www.genderrightsmaryland.org/joomla/about-us/policy-advisory-board |archive-date=February 21, 2013 |access-date=February 4, 2013 |publisher=[[Gender Rights Maryland]]}}</ref> da kuma kwamitin amintattu na Cibiyar Kinsey don Bincike kan Jinsi, Jinsi, da Haihuwa. == Rayuwar jama'a == Boylan ya yi magana a harabar jami'o'i da dama, ciki har da Harvard, Yale, Cornell, Columbia, da Barnard. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Professor Jennifer Finney Boylan |url=http://www.glaad.org/about/board/jenniferboylan |publisher=GLAAD}}</ref> Ta bayyana ta kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban don tattauna rayuwarta, littattafanta, da kuma fafutukarta. Ta bayyana a ''shirin The Oprah Winfrey'', ''Larry King Live'', ''The Today Show'', ''48 Hours'', da NPR . <ref name="GLAAD bio"/> Ta bayyana a ranar ''20/20'' a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2015, bayan Caitlyn Jenner ta fito a matsayin trans, kuma ta kan bayyana a allo a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan shirin gaskiya na Jenner mai suna ''I Am Cait'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stelter |first=Brian |date=April 25, 2015 |title=The Reaction to Bruce Jenner is Love |url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/04/25/media/bruce-jenner-transgender-reactions/ |publisher=CNN |access-date=February 20, 2026 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108120700/https://money.cnn.com/2015/04/25/media/bruce-jenner-transgender-reactions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dangane da rubutun daukaka karar, ta sanya hannu kan " Wasika Kan Adalci da Muhawara a Buɗe " wadda ta bayyana a gidan yanar gizon Mujallar Harper a ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2020, ciki har da manyan sunaye da yawa, wasu suna da matsayi masu rikitarwa kan jima'i a cikin al'ummar trans, kamar JK Rowling . Bayan gano sunayen sauran waɗanda suka sanya hannu bayan wallafawa, Boylan ta janye sa hannunta. A shirin tambayoyin labarai na NPR '', Jira, Kada Ka Faɗa Mini!,'' Boylan ya sami maki mai kyau lokacin da aka gwada shi game da hot dog . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Boylan yana da 'ya'ya biyu, Zaira da Sean, tare da Deirdre Boylan, wanda ta aura a shekarar 1988. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan Named Inaugural Anna Quindlen Writer-in-Residence at Barnard |url=http://barnard.edu/news/jennifer-finney-boylan-named-inaugural-anna-quindlen-writer-residence-barnard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419152431/http://barnard.edu/news/jennifer-finney-boylan-named-inaugural-anna-quindlen-writer-residence-barnard |archive-date=2015-04-19 |access-date=2015-05-04 |website=barnard.edu}}</ref> Boylan mace ce mai canza jinsi, kuma ta fara canzawa a shekarar 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finney Boylan |first=Jennifer |date=May 11, 2009 |title=Is My Marriage Gay? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/12/opinion/12boylan.html?_r=1& |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leung |first=Rebecca |date=23 February 2004 |title=Trapped: Jenny Boylan |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/trapped-jenny-boylan/ |website=cbsnews.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta shaida wa shirin ''LGBTQ&amp;amp;A'' cewa, "Wataƙila na kasance mata uku ko huɗu daban-daban a wannan lokacin a rayuwata. Tun farkon sauyi, ina ƙarami sosai. Na damu sosai game da kamannina da kuma kasancewa mai kyau da tufafina. Salon zamani yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni, wucewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni. Yin kama da mutum, ina baƙin ciki da na ce, wataƙila ya fi muhimmanci a gare ni fiye da yadda ya kamata... Wannan sirrin rayuwa ne mai ban mamaki, yadda muke ci gaba da zama wasu nau'ikan kanmu." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-20 |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan Looks Back on Her Infamous Interview With Oprah |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2019/3/20/jennifer-finney-boylan-looks-back-infamous-interview-oprah |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=www.advocate.com |language=en}}</ref> Tana zaune tare da matanta a birnin New York da Belgrade Lakes, Maine . <ref name="auto"/> Shekaru tara bayan ta fara canjin aiki, Boylan ya buga wani rubutu a ''jaridar The New York Times'' yana mai cewa "ni da matata muna ƙaunar juna, kuma haɗin gwiwarmu ta shari'a abu ne mai kyau - a gare mu, ga 'ya'yanmu da kuma al'ummarmu". Boylan tana buga kayan kida na keyboard da kuma zither, kuma tana bayyana yadda take bugawa a cikin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin tarihin rayuwarta. == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == A watan Yunin 2020, don girmama cika shekaru 50 na faretin LGBTQ Pride na farko, ''Queerty'' ta sanya mata suna cikin jarumai hamsin "wadanda suka jagoranci al'umma zuwa ga daidaito, karɓuwa, da mutunci ga dukkan mutane". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queerty Pride50 2020 Honorees |url=https://www.queerty.com/promos/pride-50-2020/ |access-date=2020-06-30 |website=Queerty |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bull |first=Chris |date=2020-07-11 |title=These queer media stars are helping save America from itself |url=https://www.queerty.com/queer-media-stars-helping-save-america-20200711 |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=Queerty}}</ref> An kuma ba Boylan digiri na biyu a fannin digiri na biyu daga Kwalejin Colby. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-26 |title=Jennifer Finney Boylan |url=https://pen.org/user/jennifer-boylan/ |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=PEN America |language=en}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == * ''Tunatar da Ni in Kashe Ka Daga Baya'' (1988) * ''Taurari'' (15 ga Afrilu, 1991) * ''Taurari: Wani Labari'' (8 ga Nuwamba, 1994) * ''Shiga'' (1 ga Satumba, 1998) * Littafin Baƙaƙe: Jerin Littafin Ɗaliban Teenage a ƙarƙashin sunan Jonah Black (2001-2002) * ''Ba Ta Nan: Rayuwa Cikin Jinsi Biyu'' (Yuli 29, 2003) * ''Ina Duban Ka: Girman Da Aka Yi Da Farin Ciki: Abin Tunawa'' (Janairu 15, 2008) * ''Falcon Quinn da Black Mirror'' (11 ga Mayu, 2010) * ''Falcon Quinn da Tururin Crimson'' (10 ga Mayu, 2011) * ''Makale a Tsakiyar Ku: Tunawa da Iyaye a Jinsi Uku'' (Afrilu 30, 2013) * ''Jikkunan Canji, Kankansu Masu Canji: Albarkatu ga Al'ummar Masu Canji'' (10 ga Yuni, 2014) * ''Kai Ne Kai'' (12 ga Mayu, 2015) * ''Falcon Quinn da Masu Zaluntar Greenblud'' (Satumba 16, 2016) * ''Dogon Mayafin Baƙi'' (11 ga Afrilu, 2017) * ''Yaro Mai Kyau: Rayuwata a cikin Kare Bakwai'' (21 ga Afrilu, 2020) * ''Mad Honey'' tare da Jodi Picoult (4 ga Oktoba, 2022) * ''Raba: Maza, Mata, da Sararin da ke Tsakaninmu'' (Fabrairu 4, 2025) === Takaitattun Labarai === * ''Sauyin Jima'i: Takaitaccen Bayani Kan Abubuwan Tunawa da Suka Shafi Maza da Mata'' (Afrilu 12, 2005) * ''Littafin Baba: Makaloli Kan Farin Ciki, Haɗari, da Wulaƙantawar Uba'' (12 ga Mayu, 2009) * ''Soyayya Kalma Ce Mai Haruffa Huɗu: Labarun Gaskiya Game da Rabuwa, Mummunan Dangantaka, da Zuciya Mai Karya'' (28 ga Yuli, 2009) * ''Kyawun Al'ada'' (Oktoba 6, 2009) * ''Yana Ingantawa'' (Maris 22, 2011) * ''Gaskiya da Jarumtaka: Labarai 20 na Karyewar Zuciya da Farin Ciki'' (26 ga Afrilu, 2011) == Duba kuma == * Al'adun LGBT a birnin New York * Jerin mutanen LGBT daga birnin New York * Maris ɗin alfahari na NYC == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0p6tybbo2uwth97j6lz1d93rzu0jcam 0 141251 840371 797270 2026-05-27T00:41:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jane Eleanor "Nellie" Datcher''' (1868 &#x2013; 24 ga Fabrairu, 1934) [[Botany|ƙwararriyar masaniyar tsirrai]] ce 'yar Amurka kuma mace 'yar [[Afirkawan Amurka|Afirka]] ta farko da ta sami digiri na gaba daga [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] a 1890. <ref> name="psb">{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=The Importance of the Early Students |url=https://botany.org/PlantScienceBulletin/PSB-2014-60-3.pdf |journal=Plant Science Bulletin |publisher=Botanical Society of America |volume=60 |issue=3 |page=144}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Dunbar da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] kuma memba ce ta kafa ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta Collegiate. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Jane Eleanor Datcher a shekarar 1868 kuma ta girma a Washington, DC, <ref> name="cornell">{{Cite web |last=Cobb |first=Ed |date=January 24, 2020 |title=Jane Eleanor Datcher: First African-American woman to obtain an advanced degree at Cornell |url=https://blogs.cornell.edu/sipshistory/2020/01/24/jane-eleanor-datcher-first-african-american-woman-to-obtain-an-advanced-degree-at-cornell/ |access-date=26 November 2020 |website=Cornell University |publisher=School of Integrative Plant Science History Committee}}</ref> 'yar Samuel da Mary Victoria Cook Datcher. Kakanta na wajen uwa, Rev. John Francis Cook, Sr., shine fasto na farko na cocin Fifteenth Street Presbyterian da ke Washington, DC <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Welcome to 15thstPresbyterian.org |url=https://15thstpresbyterian.org/3/sponsor_participant.htm |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=15thstpresbyterian.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122231409/https://15thstpresbyterian.org/3/sponsor_participant.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ilimi === [[Fayil:Datcher-Public-Schoolx640.jpg|left|thumb|193x193px|Takardar shaidar tallafin karatu da Datcher ya samu, a shekarar 1877]] Datcher ta halarci makarantun gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu waɗanda membobin al'ummar Baƙar fata ke gudanarwa a Washington, DC A shekara ta 1877, ta sami takardar shaidar nasarar karatunta daga Makarantun Gwamnati na Gundumar Columbia . <ref> name="cornell">{{Cite web |last=Cobb |first=Ed |date=January 24, 2020 |title=Jane Eleanor Datcher: First African-American woman to obtain an advanced degree at Cornell |url=https://blogs.cornell.edu/sipshistory/2020/01/24/jane-eleanor-datcher-first-african-american-woman-to-obtain-an-advanced-degree-at-cornell/ |access-date=26 November 2020 |website=Cornell University |publisher=School of Integrative Plant Science History Committee}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCobb2020">Cobb, Ed (January 24, 2020). [https://blogs.cornell.edu/sipshistory/2020/01/24/jane-eleanor-datcher-first-african-american-woman-to-obtain-an-advanced-degree-at-cornell/ "Jane Eleanor Datcher: First African-American woman to obtain an advanced degree at Cornell"]. ''Cornell University''. School of Integrative Plant Science History Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1886, Jane ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Cornell tana da shekaru 19 tare da ɗan uwanta, [[Charles Chauveau Cook]] . Ita ce kaɗai makarantar da za ta ilmantar da su duka. Ta sami digirin farko na Kimiyya daga Cornell a shekara ta 1890 saboda bincikenta kan nau'in ''Hepatica triloba'' da ''Hepatica acutiloba'' . <ref name="psb">{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=The Importance of the Early Students |url=https://botany.org/PlantScienceBulletin/PSB-2014-60-3.pdf |journal=Plant Science Bulletin |publisher=Botanical Society of America |volume=60 |issue=3 |page=144}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://botany.org/PlantScienceBulletin/PSB-2014-60-3.pdf "The Importance of the Early Students"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Plant Science Bulletin''. '''60''' (3). Botanical Society of America: 144. 2014.</cite></ref> Ta kasance cikin 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa uku na farko da suka kammala karatunsu daga Cornell, tare da ɗan uwanta Charles da George Washington Fields . Saboda kyakkyawan karatunta a lokacin shekarunta a Cornell, Datcher ta sami damar zama a tsakiyar layin gaba a cikin hoton kammala karatun Cornell na 1890. <ref name="cornell" /> 'Yan uwan Datcher sama da 20 sun halarci Cornell. Daga ƙarshe ɗan uwanta, Charles C. Cook, ya shiga ma'aikatan [[Jami'ar Howard]] a matsayin farfesa kuma shugaban Sashen Turanci. Datcher ya ci gaba da zuwa Makarantar Likitanci ta Howard daga 1893 zuwa 1894. <ref name="cornell">{{Cite web |last=Cobb |first=Ed |date=January 24, 2020 |title=Jane Eleanor Datcher: First African-American woman to obtain an advanced degree at Cornell |url=https://blogs.cornell.edu/sipshistory/2020/01/24/jane-eleanor-datcher-first-african-american-woman-to-obtain-an-advanced-degree-at-cornell/ |access-date=26 November 2020 |website=Cornell University |publisher=School of Integrative Plant Science History Committee}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCobb2020">Cobb, Ed (January 24, 2020). [https://blogs.cornell.edu/sipshistory/2020/01/24/jane-eleanor-datcher-first-african-american-woman-to-obtain-an-advanced-degree-at-cornell/ "Jane Eleanor Datcher: First African-American woman to obtain an advanced degree at Cornell"]. ''Cornell University''. School of Integrative Plant Science History Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> === Shekarun da suka gabata da kuma gado === Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Cornell, Datcher ya taimaka wajen kafa ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta Collegiate (wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta Colored Women's League ), wata ƙungiya da Mary Church Terrell ke gudanarwa a matsayin wata hanya ga mata baƙaƙe masu ilimi. Wannan ƙungiyar ta haɗu a karon farko a Washington DC a lokacin bazara na 1892 don yin shawarwari kan inganta yanayin yara baƙaƙe, mata da talakawan birni. Sauran fitattun mata da suka halarta sun haɗa da Anna Julia Cooper, Helen Appo Cook, [[Ida B. Wells|Ida Bell Wells-Barnett]], Charlotte Forten Grimké, Mary Jane Patterson, [[Evelyn Shaw (activist)|Evelyn Shaw]] . Duk da cewa waɗanda suka kafa ta sun yi adawa da [[Rarraba launin fata|wariyar launin fata]], suna son buɗe membobinsu ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun Howard da sauran waɗanda ake kira "kwalejoji masu tsattsauran ra'ayi," waɗanda aka hana su zama membobinsu a cikin ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta White Association of Collegiate . Datcher ta koyar da ilmin sinadarai a Makarantar Sakandare ta Dunbar har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta a shekarar 1934. An san Dunbar a matsayin makarantar sakandare mafi kyau ga ɗaliban baƙar fata a yankin, kuma iyaye suna ba da bas ga ɗalibansu daga garuruwan da ke kewaye don halartar makarantar da kuma samun ingantaccen ilimi. Wannan makarantar ta ba wa Datcher damar koyar da ɗaliban baƙar fata a matakin ilimi mai zurfi, yayin da kuma take samun albashin daidai gwargwado tare da malaman makarantun fararen fata na Washington. == Littattafai == *   == Manazarta == 5wf5fwxf0m8s2ombm05mlye323266ln 0 142600 840442 827742 2026-05-27T09:55:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Johanna Baxter''' 'yar siyasa ce ta jam'iyyar Labour ta Scotland wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin ' yar majalisar dokoki (MP) mai wakiltar Paisley da Renfrewshire South tun daga shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paisley and Renfrewshire South {{!}} General Election 2024 |url=https://election.news.sky.com/elections/general-election-2024/paisley-and-renfrewshire-south-453 |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Sky News |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705021044/https://election.news.sky.com/elections/general-election-2024/paisley-and-renfrewshire-south-453 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife ta a Saltcoats, Baxter ta zama wakiliyar ƙungiyar kwadago tana da shekaru 18. Baxter ta ba ta kuɗin shiga jami'a ta hanyar yin aiki a cibiyar kira. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Baxter |url=https://www.johannabaxter.scot/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Scottish Labour }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Baxter ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙananan hukumomi a Unison Scotland . <ref name=":0"/> Ta kasance Shugabar Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Labour a 2022-2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of the NEC |url=https://labour.org.uk/whos-on-the-nec/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Labour Party}}</ref> Ta tsaya takarar kujerar Renfrewshire North and West a zaɓen Holyrood na 2021 da kuma kujerar Cunninghame North a zaɓen Holyrood na 2016. Baxter memba ne na NEC na Labour, kuma a shekarar 2016 ya soki rashin kuri'ar sirri don yanke shawara kan ko za a bar shugaban jam'iyyar Labour na wancan lokacin Jeremy Corbyn ya shiga kuri'ar shugabanci, yana mai cewa hakan ya haifar da tsoratarwa daga magoya bayan Corbyn kan 'yan NEC waɗanda suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar kin amincewa da shi ya tsaya takarar shugabancin jam'iyyar Labour: "Dalilin da ya sa za a kaɗa ƙuri'a a kan hakan shi ne don a ci gaba da tsoratarwa. Wannan shine abin kunya mafi muni da na taɓa gani. Ya nuna ainihin launinsa a cikin wannan ƙuri'ar. Na sami mutane suna tweet kuma suna saka wayar hannu ta ta yanar gizo, suna tura mutane gare ni, suna tura masu zanga-zangar su zo gare ni," in ji Baxter. [1] === Majalisar Wakilai === A babban zaɓen 2024, an zaɓi Baxter a matsayin ' yar majalisar dokoki mai wakiltar Paisley da Renfrewshire South, da ƙuri'u 19,583 (kashi na 47.4%) da kuma mafi rinjayen ƙuri'u 6,527 akan Jacqueline Cameron ta SNP mai matsayi na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2024 |title=Paisley and Renfrewshire South results - General election results 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2024/uk/constituencies/S14000102 |access-date=4 August 2024 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2024, Baxter ta yi jawabinta na farko a Majalisar Wakilai a lokacin muhawara kan ilimi da damammaki. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Baxter yana auren Mark Glover, Shugaban Gudanarwa na SEC Newgate UK. == Kyaututtuka == * Order of Merit, 3rd classes (Ukraine, 2026) <ref>{{Cite web |title=УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ №68/2026 Про відзначення державними нагородами України |url=https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/682026-58117}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] 1v7cgmd0b8aqf4g8zcdw7ep7gau6ysv 0 142805 840307 802545 2026-05-26T19:05:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacqueline Marié-Fleury''' (an haife ta a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba 1923) tsohuwar memba ce ta Resistance ta Faransa . == Rayuwa == An haifi Jacqueline Marié a ranar 12 ga Disamba 1923, a matsayin 'yar injiniyan soja, Désiré Marié, wanda ke aiki a Versailles lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya ɓarke a 1939. Ita da mahaifiyarta sun rasa gidansu lokacin da Jamusawa suka mamaye Faransa a 1940, kuma ta shiga Resistance, tare da iyayenta da ɗan'uwanta Pierre. Jacqueline ta shiga ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin buga Défense de la France, kuma tana da alhakina rarraba mujallar karkashin kasa a yankin Versailles, gami da ayyukan Renault. Ta kuma kasance wani ɓangare na "Réseau Mithridate" wanda [[Pierre-Jean Herbinger]] ke gudanarwa don ba da bayanai ga MI6. Tare da iyayenta, an kama Jacqueline a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 1944, [1] kuma an tsare ta a kurkuku a Fresnes . Ita da mahaifiyarta an tsare su a sansanin fursuna na Ravensbrück, tare da Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz da Germaine Tillion . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1945, yayin da suke kan tilasta "tafiyar mutuwa" zuwa Czechoslovakia, ita da mahaifiyarta sun tsere; sojojin Soviet sun sake su kuma sun isa Faransa a ranar 30 ga Mayu.[2] A shekara ta 1946, ta yi aure, ta zama Madame Fleury, [1] kuma daga baya ta haifi 'ya'ya biyar.[3] Bayan yakin, ta shiga kungiyar National Association des anciennes déportées et internées de la Résistance, kuma a shekara ta 2002, ta zama shugaban kasa bayan mutuwar Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz, lokacin da kungiyar ta haɗu da Société des familles et amis des anciennes des déportées da internées de l'Résistance. Ita ce mace ta 31 da aka ba ta lambar yabo ta Grand Officier de la Légion d'Honneur . <ref name="Memoresist">{{Cite web |title=FLEURY Jacqueline |url=http://www.memoresist.org/resistant/jacqueline-fleury/ |access-date=2 April 2018 |website=memoresist.org |language=fr |archive-date=9 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209052021/http://www.memoresist.org/resistant/jacqueline-fleury/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] ivzhmk8g6ia8vmpnfavtx2x4nxlv1cr 0 143936 840303 805488 2026-05-26T17:47:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ivete da Graça Santos Lima Correia''' ma'aikaciyar gwamnati ce kuma 'yar siyasa ta São Toméan wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin [[Minister of Justice, Internal Administration and Human Rights|Ministar Shari'a, Gudanar da Cikin Gida da 'Yancin Ɗan Adam]] daga shekarun 2018 har zuwa korar ta a shekarar 2022. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Correia ta sami digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da zamantakewa daga jami'ar Rasha da kuma digirin shari'a daga jami'ar São Toméan.<ref name="stp 2018">{{Cite news |last=Neto |first=Ricardo |date=3 December 2018 |title=Quem é Quem no governo de Bom Jesus empossado hoje pelo Presidente da República |url=https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/03/no-governo-bom-jesus-empossado-hoje-pelo-presidente-da-republica/ |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=STP-Press |language=pt}}</ref> Da farko ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Shari'a na tsawon lokaci.<ref name="stp 2018"/> Daga baya ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Yaƙi da Shan Miyagun Kwayoyi ta ƙasar. Ricardo Neto na ''STP-Press'' ya bayyana ta a matsayin "fuskar jama'a ta yaƙi da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ta São Tomé", <ref name="stp 2018" /> kuma Abel Veiga na ''Téla Nón'' ya lura cewa ta bambanta aikinta a wannan rawar. <ref name="Veiga 2018" /> Ta yi jawabi a taron ƙasa da ƙasa na 1 kan manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi a ƙasashen Afirka masu magana da harshen Portugal, tana mai da hankali kan buƙatar São Tomé da Principe na samun isasshen maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma ingantattun matakai kan safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma hanyoyin magance matsalolin miyagun ƙwayoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Report: Protection, improvement and dissemination of the Portuguese Decriminalization Model |url=https://apdes.pt/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Final-Report_OSF.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201212309/http://apdes.pt/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Final-Report_OSF.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=apdes.pt |page=46}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2018, an naɗa Correia a matsayin [[Minister of Justice, Internal Administration and Human Rights|Ministar Shari'a, Gudanar da Cikin Gida da 'Yancin Dan Adam]] a cikin {{Interlanguage link|cabinet of Jorge Bom Jesus|fr|XVIIe gouvernement constitutionnel de Sao Tomé-et-Principe}} sabon Firayim Minista da aka zaɓa Jorge Bom Jesus.<ref name="Veiga 2018">{{Cite news |last=Veiga |first=Abel |date=3 December 2018 |title=XVII Governo Constitucional é largo e cheio de estreantes |url=https://www.telanon.info/politica/2018/12/03/28288/xvii-governo-constitucional-e-largo-e-cheio-de-estreantes/ |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=Téla Nón |language=pt}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta 2019, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da Portugal don adalci, tare da mataimakin shugaban Instituto Camões Gonçalo Teles Gomes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cooperação com São Tomé e Príncipe na área da Justiça - Camões - Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua |url=https://www.instituto-camoes.pt/sobre/comunicacao/noticias/cooperacao-com-sao-tome-e-principe-na-area-da-justica |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=www.instituto-camoes.pt}}</ref> A watan Disamba 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a taron Ministocin Shari'a na 16 na Al'ummar ƙasashen Harsunan Portugal da ke Santa Maria, Cape Verde.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Susana Rendall |date=1 December 2019 |title=Ministra da Justiça de São Tomé e Príncipe: "É preciso que o cidadão e os fazedores da justiça se consciencializem para que haja uma mudança de comportamento jurídico" |url=https://ilhas.li/aHPP |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=Expresso das Ilhas |language=pt}}</ref> A watan Fabrairu 2021, ta wakilci ƙasarta don taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 37 [[Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|na Universal Periodic Review]] na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2021 |title=Conselho de Direitos Humanos analisa situação em São Tomé e Príncipe {{!}} ONU News |url=https://news.un.org/pt/story/2021/02/1740142 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=news.un.org |language=pt }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An sauke Correia daga muƙamin ta na minista a lokacin wani garambawul na majalisar ministoci a watan Fabrairun 2022. [[Cílcio dos Santos]] ya maye gurbinta.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2022 |title=Secretário de Estado das Obras Públicas de São Tomé demite-se após denúncia da oposição |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/secretario-de-estado-das-obras-publicas-de-sao-tome-demite-se-apos-denuncia-da-oposicao_n1383875 |access-date=15 September 2025 |website=RTP |language=pt}}</ref> Kafin naɗinta na minista, ta shiga cikin [[Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party|Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe - Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party]]. A lokacin da take minista, ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Évora.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Correia |first=Ivete da Graça dos Santos Lima |title=Conceções e representações dos professores sobre a violência na escola: o caso da Escola Secundária de Bombom, distrito de MÉ-Zochi - S. Tomé e Principe |date=2019 |degree=master's degree |publisher=University of Évora |url=https://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/handle/10174/25247}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] spfo3wcbd3dfhzaka5xth9ii52iamtx 0 144475 840284 806939 2026-05-26T14:16:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilse Wilhelmine Elfriede Barea-Kulcsar''' (née Pollak; 20 Satumba 1902 - 1 Janairu 1973), wanda aka fi sani da '''Ilsa''', 'yar jaridar Austriya ce, marubuciya, Mai fassara da kuma malami. Ta kuma kasance mai gwagwarmayar siyasa ta [[Kwaminisanci]], mai gwagwanmayar adawa da fascism da kuma gwagwarmaya mai adawa wanda ya yi kamfen a Austria, ya ba da gudummawa a Yaƙin basasar Spain kuma ya tafi gudun hijira a Burtaniya. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Barea-Kulcsar a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1902 a [[Vienna]], Austria-Hungary, a matsayin ɗan fari cikin 'ya'ya uku. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Pichler |first=Georg |date=2024 |orig-date=2003 |title=Barea-Kulcsar (Kulcsar, Pollak-Kulscar, Barea), Ilsa (Ilse); geb. Pollak |url=https://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl/oebl_B/Barea-Kulcsar_Ilsa_1902_1973.xml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803123401/https://www.biographien.ac.at/oebl/oebl_B/Barea-Kulcsar_Ilsa_1902_1973.xml |archive-date=3 August 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon und biographische Dokumentation (ACDH) |publisher=[[Austrian Academy of Sciences]] |language=de |isbn=978-3-7001-3213-4}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Barea-Kulcsar, Ilse, ÖsterreicherInnen für Spaniens Freiheit 1936-1939 |url=https://www.doew.at/erinnern/biographien/spanienarchiv-online/spanienfreiwillige-b/barea-kulcsar-ilse |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214131715/https://www.doew.at/erinnern/biographien/spanienarchiv-online/spanienfreiwillige-b/barea-kulcsar-ilse |archive-date=14 December 2024 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=[[Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance|Dokumentationsarchiv des öosterreichischen Widerstandes]] (DOEW) |language=de}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hermanns |first=Doris |title=Ilsa Barea-Kulcsar |url=https://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/biographie/ilsa-barea-kulcsar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017134005/https://www.fembio.org/biographie.php/frau/biographie/ilsa-barea-kulcsar |archive-date=17 October 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Notable Women International (FemBio) |language=de}}</ref> Mahaifin Barea-Kulcsar Valentin Pollak (1871–1948) ya fito ne daga zuriyar [[Yahudawa]], kakanninsa kuma kakanninsa sun fito ne daga al'ummomin Yahudawa a Eisenstadt da Mattersburg . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ilsa Barea-Kulcsar |url=https://magazin.wienmuseum.at/ilsa-barea-kulcsar |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=[[Vienna Museum|Wien Museum]] Magazin |language=de}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan Wasa-Gymnasium. <ref name=":2" /> Mahaifiyarta Alice von Zieglmayer (1872–1948) ta fito ne daga dangin masu kuɗi da [[Conservatism|masu ra'ayin mazan jiya]] na ƙananan sarakunan Austria-Hungary kuma ita ce babbar 'ya'ya mata shida a cikin danginta. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Barea-Kulcsar Ilse |url=http://biografia.sabiado.at/barea-kulcsar-ilse/ |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=biografiA |language=de }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Barea-Kulcsar ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta farko a Vienna, Makarantar Black Forest ( [[Jamusanci]] : {{Lang|de|Schwarzwaldschule}} ), wanda wata daliba Eugenie Schwarzwald ta kafa. <ref name=":2"/> Daga nan ta karanci [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Faculty of Political Sciences and Law na Jami'ar Vienna daga 1920 zuwa 1928. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3"/> Ta yi magana da [[Jamusanci]], [[Turanci]], [[Faransanci]], [[Italiyanci]] da [[Yaren Sifen|Sifaniyanci]] sosai. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Clara |date=2019-05-22 |title="Ilsa la de la Telefónica": un testimonio desde el corazón de la Guerra Civil |url=https://www.infolibre.es/cultura/ilsa-telefonica-testimonio-corazon-guerra-civil_1_1170704.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516014411/https://www.infolibre.es/cultura/ilsa-telefonica-testimonio-corazon-guerra-civil_1_1170704.html |archive-date=16 May 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=infoLibre |language=es}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka == Barea-Kulcsar ta shiga harkokin siyasa na ɓangaren hagu da kuma fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a a lokacin da take ɗaliba, tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar ɗaliban makarantun sakandare na gurguzu. Ta shiga jam'iyyar Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (SDAP) da kuma ƙungiyar matasa ta Socialist Youth Austria (SJÖ). <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Wimmer |first=Fabian |date=2021 |title=Ilse Barea-Kulcsar |url=https://hdgoe.at/mitschreiben/heldinnen/168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212024158/https://hdgoe.at/mitschreiben/heldinnen/168 |archive-date=12 December 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Haus der Geschichte Österreich (HdGÖ) |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance memba na ɗaliban Socialist Students of Austria (VSStÖ) kuma editan jaridarsu ne. <ref name=":4"/> Ta yi fafutukar haɗa kai da sabuwar ƙungiyar Kwaminisanci ta ƙasa da ƙasa, wadda aka fi sani da ƙungiyar Third International. A shekarar 1921, Barea-Kulcsar ta bar SDAP saboda dalilai na akida kuma ta shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Austria (KPÖ) da aka kafa kwanan nan. [1] Ta haɗu da Leopold Kulcsar, wani memba na jam'iyyar KPÖ. [2] A shekarar 1922, sun yi aure. [3] [4] Ta yi aiki a jaridar jam'iyyar kuma ta yi rubutu a jaridar Red Flag ( Jamusanci : Rote Fahne ) , [5] tare da rubuce-rubucenta da suka dogara da ra'ayoyin Leninist . [6] A shekarar 1924, KPÖ ta ba ta haramcin buga littattafai na shekara ɗaya kuma an kore ta da mijinta daga jam'iyyar. [6] [7] A shekarar 1925, Barea-Kulcsar ta yi tafiya zuwa Hungary don neman mafaka a ƙungiyar Kwaminisanci ta ƙasa da ƙasa. An kama ta a [[Budapest]] kuma ta yi watanni huɗu a gidan yari. An mayar da ita Vienna a shekarar 1926. <ref name=":2"/> Barea-Kulcsar ta koma SDAP a shekarar 1926. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":6"/> Ta yi aiki a SDAP a matsayin malamar tafiya a yankunan karkara na gabashin Austria. <ref name=":0"/> Ta gabatar da laccoci kan batutuwa da suka haɗa da yanayin [[Jari-hujja|tattalin arzikin jari-hujja]] ; kundin tsarin mulki da siyasa na Jamhuriyar Austria ta Farko ; da kuma siyasar al'umma . Ta kuma rubuta ƙasidar ''Babban Ikon Kuɗi da Masana'antu'' ( [[Jamusanci]] : ''Großmächte der Finanz und der Industrie'' ) ga jam'iyyar a shekarar 1930. A ƙarƙashin gwamnatin kama-karya ta Chancellor na Ostiriya, Engelbert Dollfuss, daga 1932 zuwa 1934, Barea-Kulcsar ta shirya tare da adawa ta ƙasa. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Ilse Barea-Kulcsar |url=https://www.epdlp.com/escritor.php?id=16754 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250806061002/https://www.epdlp.com/escritor.php?id=16754 |archive-date=6 August 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=El Poder de la Palabra (DPDLP) |language=es}}</ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Ilsa Barea-Kulcsar |url=https://www.hojadelata.net/featured_item/ilsa-barea-kulcsar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031142538/https://www.hojadelata.net/featured_item/ilsa-barea-kulcsar/ |archive-date=31 October 2023 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Hoja de Lata |language=es-ES}}</ref> Ta rubuta wa jaridar Jamus mai adawa da fascist ''Der Funke'', wani littafi na Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund (ISK), wanda ya yi jayayya kan haɗin kai a kan Nazism daga [[Liberalism|masu sassaucin ra'ayi]] na bourgeois zuwa kwaminisanci. An haramta jaridar a watan Fabrairun 1933. Barea-Kulcsar da mijinta sun shiga Yaƙin Basasa na Austria ( [[Jamusanci]] : ''Österreichischer Bürgerkrieg'' ) a watan Fabrairun 1934, wanda aka fi sani da "Tawayen Fabrairu." <ref name=":2"/> An kama mijinta <ref name=":10" /> kuma Barea-Kulcsar ta guji kama kanta da kyar. Ta shiga ɓuya a cikin gidan ɗan siyasa kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya Hugh Gaitskell, <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Toca Cañedo |first=Maria |date=2023-04-26 |title=Ilse Kulcsar de Barea (Ilse la de Telefónica) |url=https://lapajareramagazine.com/ilse-kulcsar-de-barea-ilse-la-de-telefonica |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113165816/https://lapajareramagazine.com/ilse-kulcsar-de-barea-ilse-la-de-telefonica |archive-date=13 November 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=La pajarera Magazine |language=es}}</ref> wanda ke zaune a Vienna a wannan shekarar yayin da yake karatu a kan tallafin karatu na Rockefeller . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brivati |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Brivati |date=2011-01-06 |orig-date=2004-09-23 |title=Gaitskell, Hugh Todd Naylor (1906–1963) |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33309 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33309}}</ref> An kori Barea-Kulcsar da mijinta daga SDAP <ref name=":0"/> saboda aiki da ƙwayoyin sirri na ƙungiyar 'yan hagu ta Jamus mai suna ''Neu Beginnen'' ( [[Jamusanci]] : ''Sabon Farko'' ) ''.'' <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2" /> Suna fuskantar barazanar sake kama su, <ref name=":4"/> sun gudu zuwa Brno, Czechoslovakia <ref name=":10" /> ta amfani da fasfo na karya, inda suka zauna tsawon shekaru biyu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2026)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Barea-Kulcsar ta ci gaba da fafutukar ''yaƙi'' da mulkin kama-karya a Czechoslovakia. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Trueheart |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Trueheart |date=2014-03-11 |title=Whores de Combat |url=https://theamericanscholar.org/whores-de-combat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619225240/https://theamericanscholar.org/whores-de-combat/ |archive-date=19 June 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=The American Scholar |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita da mijinta sun yi abota da shugaban gurguzu Otto Bauer, wanda ya ba su taimakon kuɗi. <ref name=":10"/> Barea-Kulcsar ta sami aiki a matsayin editan mujallar Austro-Marxist ''Socialist Tribune'' ta [[Mujalla|kwata-kwata]], tana rubutu a ƙarƙashin sunan "Robert Werner." A lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain, a kaka na 1936, Barea-Kulcsar ta bar Brno zuwa [[Valencia]], Spain, don tallafawa [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokuradiyya]], adawa da mulkin kama-karya da kuma ƙungiyar Republican . <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Isidoro |first=Noelia |date=2016-03-08 |title=Mujeres que estaban detrás pero iban por delante |url=https://www.lamarea.com/2016/03/08/mujeres/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816225410/https://www.lamarea.com/2016/03/08/mujeres/ |archive-date=16 August 2025 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=La Marea |language=es}}</ref> Ofishin Jakadancin Spain da ke [[Faris|Paris]], Faransa ya taimaka mata ta yi tafiya, kuma an ba ta wasiƙar shawarwari daga jakadan Spain kuma memba na Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Socialist ta Spain ( PSOE). <ref name=":10"/> Daga baya ta rubuta cewa: <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Acedo |first=Patricia Pizarroso |date=2019-10-16 |title=Mujer intelectual y extranjera en el Madrid de la Guerra Civil. «Telefónica», de Ilsa Barea-Kulcsar |url=https://revistacontrapunto.com/mujer-intelectual-y-extranjera-en-el-madrid-de-la-guerra-civil-telefonica-de-ilsa-barea-kulcsar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523092036/https://revistacontrapunto.com/mujer-intelectual-y-extranjera-en-el-madrid-de-la-guerra-civil-telefonica-de-ilsa-barea-kulcsar/ |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=Revista Contrapunto |language=es}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1973]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1902]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mimcvv5xm99tfpuhgc0zedkrhs66cxc 0 144963 840285 808250 2026-05-26T14:30:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Imelda Icheji Lawrence Udoh''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 1960) [[Farfesa]] ce a fannin Ilimin Harshe da [[Harsunan Najeriya]] na Kwalejin Fasaha, [[Jami'ar Uyo]], Najeriya . <ref name="imelda">{{Cite web |last=National Universities Commission |date=2021 |title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |access-date=November 12, 2023 |website=education.gov.ng |page=183}}</ref><ref name="imelda9">{{Cite web |title=ORCID |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-3015 |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=orcid.org}}</ref> Tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar Kungiyar Harshe ta Najeriya (LAN). <ref name="imelda3">{{Cite web |title=The Leadership – Linguistic Association of Nigeria |url=https://lan.org.ng/the-leadership/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=lan.org.ng}}</ref> Har ila yau, memba ce ta rayuwa kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Harafi ta Najeriya. <ref name="imelda" /> <ref name="imelda2">{{Cite web |title=Imelda Icheji Lawrence Udoh |url=https://nalonline.org.ng/imelda-icheji-lawrence-udoh/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Nigerian Academy of Letters |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="imelda4">{{Cite web |title=3.ImeldaUdoh_CV_2020.. - Imelda Udoh.pdf |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/15bAeWpvwuYvB5HniZBJfNjxXcL2BXn_D/view?usp=embed_facebook |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2021 |title=Nigerian Academy Of Letters Inducts 13 New Members {{!}} Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/nigerian-academy-of-letters-inducts-13-new-members/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=[[Independent Nigeria]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-08-15 |title=Academy of Letters honours UI's Ag VC |url=https://guardian.ng/news/academy-of-letters-honours-uis-ag-vc/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FULokoja |title=.:: Nigerian Academy of Letters Admits FUL VC, Prof. Akinwumi as NAL Fellow; M.S. Audu, Ibileye as New Members {{!}} Federal University Lokoja |url=https://www.fulokoja.edu.ng/news-page.php?i=434&a=breaking-nigerian-academy-of-letters-admits-ful-vc-prof-akinwumi-as-nal-fellow-ms-audu-ibileye-as-new-members |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=www.fulokoja.edu.ng |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|DAAD]] kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Harshe da Harsunan Najeriya daga 2010 zuwa 2014, a matsayin Mataimakin Dean na Faculty of Arts daga 2010 zuwa 2013, da Mataimakin Darakta, Makarantar Ci gaba da Ilimi (2015-2016) na Jami'ar.<ref name="imelda" /><ref name="imelda2" /> Ta lura a cikin bincikenta cewa "harsunan yankin Najeriya suna da alama suna mutuwa a wasu yankuna, amma har yanzu suna bunƙasa a wasu". Udoh ya ba da shawara don kare waɗannan harsunan asali yayin da yake gabatar da lacca na 81 na Jami'ar Uyo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Odey |first=Patrick |date=2021-06-28 |title=Don advocates protection of Nigeria's indigenous languages |url=https://punchng.com/don-advocates-protection-of-nigerias-indigenous-languages/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=[[The Punch]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Udoh kuma memba ne na Majalisar Ƙungiyar Harsunan Yammacin Afirka . An shirya wani biki don girmama ta a shekarar 2019.<ref name="imelda6">{{Cite web |title=CFP |url=https://easychair.org/cfp/festschriftforprofimeldaudoh60 |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=easychair.org}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Imelda Udoh a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 1960 a [[Adadama]] a cikin Karamar Hukumar [[Abi]] ta [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]] . <ref name="imelda4"/> Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta St Bernard, Adadama, makarantar Convent, [[Ogoja]] da makarantar Convent. Daga inda ta sami takardar shaidar barin makarantar farko a shekarar 1972. A shekara ta 1973, ta halarci Annunciation Girls' Juniorate, Ogoja na tsawon shekaru hudu, kuma ta sami Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma a Makarantar Sakandare ta Ogidi Girls, Ogidi a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]]. Ta halarci Jami'ar Calabar inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin harshe (1983); digiri na biyu a fannin harshe (1986); da kuma digiri na Doctor of Philosophy (1998). Udoh ya kuma sami takardar shaidar a cikin Turanci Phonetics daga Kwalejin Jami'ar, London, a wannan shekarar.<ref name="imelda"/><ref name="imelda2"/><ref name="imelda4" /> Har ila yau, tana da takardar shaidar a cikin DIES / DAAD International Deans" Course on Higher Education Management (Jami'ar Osnabrück, Jamus, 2012); Takardar shaidar takardun harshe (Jami'ar Texas a Arlington, Amurka, 2014); kuma, Takardar shaiddiga a Kwalejin Duniya a cikin Kwarewar Koyarwa (Jamiwar Jihar Ohio, Amurka, 2015). <ref name="imelda4" /> == Ayyuka == Imelda Udoh ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar malama a [[Jami'ar Jihar Cross River]] a shekarar 1986. Daga baya ta koma [[Jami'ar Calabar]] a 1987. Ta dawo [[Jami'ar Uyo]] a shekarar 1989 kuma ta tashi ta hanyar farfesa a fannin ilimin harshe da harsunan Najeriya a shekarar 2007. <ref name="imelda4"/> Ta kasance baƙo mai bincike a Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka, London, a cikin 1996; masanin bincike a Kwalejin Jami'ar, London a cikin 1999 kuma masanin ziyara na digiri a Jami'ar California, Berkeley daga 2001 zuwa 2002. Ta kasance malama a Cibiyar Nazarin Harshe na Haɗin gwiwa (CoLang) a cikin 2016 a Jami'ar Alaska, Fairbanks, inda ta gabatar da wani darasi mai taken, "Documentation of Orature".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udoh |first=Imelda Icheji Lawrence |last2=Iwoketok |first2=Uwemedimo Enobong |date=2016 |title=Documentation of Orature |url=https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/bitstream/handle/11122/9646/Orature_Syllabus_3.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=www.scholarworks.alaska.edu |access-date=2026-03-12 |archive-date=2024-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331045532/https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/bitstream/handle/11122/9646/Orature_Syllabus_3.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma kasance malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar Calabar daga 2007 zuwa 2008 da 2016 zuwa 2017.<ref name="imelda2"/> Ta gabatar da lacca na 81 na Jami'ar Uyo mai taken, "Harsunan 'yan asalin Najeriya kamar Bricks Don Gina Gaskiya ta Kasa". <ref>{{Cite web |title=81st Inaugural Lecture: Imelda Icheji Lawerence Udoh, Professor of Linguistics And Nigeria Languages – University Of Uyo |url=https://uniuyo.edu.ng/notice/81st-inaugural-lecture-imelda-icheji-lawerence-udoh-professor-of-linguistics-and-nigeria-languages-faculty-of-arts/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-27 |title=Don seeks for protection of indigenous languages in Nigeria |url=https://daybreak.ng/don-seeks-for-protection-of-indigenous-languages-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=Daybreak, Politics, Entertainment, Sport |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abokan hulɗa da membobin == Udoh ɗan'uwa ne kuma shugaban Ƙungiyar Harshe ta Najeriya daga 2021.<ref name="imelda3"/> Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar kungiyar daga 2004 zuwa 2008, kuma mataimakiyar shugaban kungiyar daga 2016 zuwa 2021. Ita memba ce ta rayuwa kuma abokiyar Kwalejin Harafi ta Najeriya.<ref name="imelda"/><ref name="imelda2"/><ref name="imelda4"/> kuma memba na Majalisar Ƙungiyar Harshe ta Yammacin Afirka (WALS); Ƙungiyar Karatu ta Najeriya (RAN), da Ƙungiyar Malaman Harshe ta Najeriya (ANLAT). Ita tsohuwar DAAD ce; kuma memba ce ta rayuwa, da kuma Fellow na Kwalejin Harafi ta Najeriya (FNAL). <ref name="imelda5">{{Cite web |title=Indigenous Hands and Voices of African Identity – International Conference |url=https://www.s-deli.org/indigenous-hands-and-voices-of-african-identity/ |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=S-DELI |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gudummawar bincike == Ta hanyar ayyuka da yawa, gami da Shirin Harsunan Najeriya (NLP), Shirin Harshe na Ƙananan Ƙasa (LCLP), Shirin Abidjan-Bielefeld-Uyo Gabatarwa ga Takaddun Harshe (ABUILD), Shirin Jami'ar Jihar Michigan da ke karɓar bakuncin Kayan Lantarki don Bayanan Harsuna Masu Hadari (E-MELD) da dai sauransu, Udoh ya gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a cikin bayanin da ilimin harsunan rubuce-rubuce game da harsunan Upper da Lower Cross River da ake magana a cikin Akwa Ibom da Cross States na Najeriya.<ref name="imelda5"/><ref name="imelda6"/> Ayyukanta a kan harsuna daban-daban kamar Leggbó, Anaañ, Iko, Nkari, Ibibio, da Uda sun haifar da wallafe-wallafe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hyman |first=Larry |last2=Narrog |first2=Heiko |last3=Paster |first3=Mary |last4=Udoh |first4=Imelda |date=2002-08-14 |title=Leggbo Verb Inflection: A Semantic and Phonological Particle Analysis |url=https://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/view/3854 |journal=Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society |language=en |volume=28 |pages=399–410 |doi=10.3765/bls.v28i1.3854 |issn=2377-1666 |url-access=subscription |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tana da mahimmanci game da harsunan Upper Cross na Jihar Cross da harsuna marasa rinjaye na Najeriya, musamman Leggbó . <ref name="imelda5" /> Ɗaya daga cikin littattafan da ta shirya ya bayyana harsunan yankin Kudu-Kudancin Najeriya, gami da babban yaren da ake magana a Eleme, Rivers da sauransu da yawa.<ref>Udoh, Imelda Icheji Lawrence (editor) (2003) ''The languages of the South-South zone of Nigeria: a geo-political profile'' Concept Publications, Lagos, Nigeria, pages 85, 87, {{ISBN|978-8065-27-9}}</ref> Binciken da take da shi a yanzu shine kan taswirar harsunan Najeriya ta amfani da fasahar Geographical Information Systems (GIS), wanda ke da niyyar tattara da aiwatar da kayan aikin da suka san wuri wanda zai iya aiki a cikin ainihin lokaci, don inganta yanayin muhalli na harshe, da kuma ingantaccen hangen nesa na matsayin rayuwar harsuna. == Nuni na gudanarwa == Udoh ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Sashen Harsuna da Harsunan Najeriya, Jami'ar Uyo daga 2010 zuwa 2014, Mataimakin Dean na Faculty of Arts daga 2010 zuwa 2013 da Mataimakin Darakta, Makarantar Ci gaba da Ilimi daga 2015 zuwa 2016 na wannan Jami'ar.[1][2][3] Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar a cikin ayyukan ba da izini na Hukumar Jami'o'i ta Kasa da yawa, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayinta na memba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Jami'ar Uyo, daga 2015 zuwa 2017, da kuma memba na farko na Kwamitin Gwamna na Jami'an Ritman, Ikot Ekpene, Jihar Akwa Ibom, daga 2015 ruo 2019 [1] .[2][3] == Edita na mujallu na ilimi == Udoh tana da labaran da aka sake dubawa don bugawa a cikin mujallu da yawa na yanki, na ƙasa, da na duniya waɗanda take aiki a kan allon edita. Daga 2005 har zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Edita na USEM Journal of Languages, Linguistics, and Literature . Bugu da kari, tana aiki a matsayin edita baƙo ga Jaridar Ƙungiyar Harshe ta Najeriya (JOLAN) da Babban Edita na Jaridar Harsunan Najeriya (JNLP). <ref name="imelda3"/><ref name="imelda4"/> == Zaɓuɓɓukan wallafe-wallafen == # Udoh, Imelda Icheji Lawrence (2016). "Globalization da Tsaro na Harsunan Najeriya", a cikin Ozo-mekuri Ndimele (Ed.) Haɗuwa: Turanci da Harsunan Nigerian: A Festschrift for Munzali A. Jibril . Najeriya: M & J Grand Orbit Communications. shafi na 173-182.&nbsp; # Udoh, I.I.L., Anyanwu, O. N., da Ndimele, O, (2014). ''Batutuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin nazarin ilimin harshe, harsuna & wallafe-wallafen Najeriya: Festschrift ga Conrad Max Benedict Brann . '' Muenchen: LINCOM Turai. # Ekpenyong, M. E. da Udoh, I.I.L. (2022). ''Batutuwan da ke cikin Harshen Bayani da Humanities na Dijital: A Festschrift in Honor of Professor Eno-Abasi Essien Urua .'' Singapore: Springer . # Udoh, I. I. L. (2019). ''Harsunan Kudancin Najeriya: Bayanan da ke tattare da siyasa. '' Uyo, Najeriya: Fruities' Publications Ltd. # [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] ''Harsunan yankin Kudu-Kudancin Najeriya: Bayanan siyasa na kasa. '' Legas: Littattafan ra'ayi. # [Hotuna a shafi na 9] "Tsarin aji na asali a Leggbo" a cikin Paul Newman & Larry M. Hyman (eds.) Yammacin Afirka Linguistics: Takardu a cikin girmamawa na Russell G. Schuh . Columbus, Ohio: An buga shi ne ta Sashen Harshe da Cibiyar Nazarin Afirka, Jami'ar Jihar Ohio. # Haka kuma, U. & Udoh, I. (2023). Baftisma na Harsunan 'Yan asalin ƙasar a cikin Ra'ayi: Wani Kaddamar da Harshen Ma'aikata a Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. ''Southernizing Sociolinguistics: Colonialism, Racism, da Patriarchy a cikin Harshe a Kudancin Duniya.'' Antia, B. A. & Makoni, Sinfri (Eds.). NY & London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group . <ref name="imelda9"/> # Udoh, I., Ekpenyong, M., Urua, E.-A. , Adeniyi, H., Obiamalu, G., Yusuff, A., Anyanwu, O., & Obikudo, E. (2022). Sabuwar hanyar sake bayyana ilimin muhalli na harshe da haɗari a Najeriya: - zuwa ga mafita ta geospatial. ''Jaridar Digital Humanities Association of Southern Africa'', ''3'' (03). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Udoh |first=Imelda |last2=Ekpenyong |first2=Moses |last3=Urua |first3=Eno-Abasi |last4=Adeniyi |first4=Harrison |last5=Obiamalu |first5=Greg |last6=Yusuff |first6=Ayo |last7=Anyanwu |first7=Ogbonna |last8=Obikudo |first8=Ebitare |date=2021 |title=A novel method for redefining language ecology and endangerment in Nigeria : – towards a geospatial solution |url=https://upjournals.up.ac.za/index.php/dhasa/article/view/3817 |journal=Journal of the Digital Humanities Association of Southern Africa |language=en |volume=3 |issue=03 |doi=10.55492/dhasa.v3i03.3817 |doi-access=free}}</ref> # [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 1] "Compounding in Leggbó" A cikin Eugene Buckley, Thera M. Crane da Jeff Good (eds.) Bayyana tsarin: takardu don girmama Larry M. Hyman. Stanford, California:: CSLI Littattafai. # Udoh, I. I. L. (2007). "Jami'ar harshe da tasirinsa akan takardun harshe a Najeriya" a cikin Etuk Nssien Etuk, Inyang Mbong Udofot, Alice Effiong Udosen (eds.) Ilimi a Najeriya a cikin karni na 21: mayar da hankali da mahimmanci: festschrift don girmama Farfesa Mbong A. Udofot (MNAE). Uyo, Najeriya: Abaam Publishing Co. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] mscy7tdeqfr2slfgypczq1w9zrp6i0w 0 145622 840373 810227 2026-05-27T00:46:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jane Wangechi Kagiri''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya daga ƙungiyar United Democratic Alliance. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2022 |title=Kagiri Seals Laikipia Women Rep Seat |url=https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/kagiri-seals-laikipia-women-rep-seat/ |website=Kenya News |access-date=March 16, 2026 |archive-date=December 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251214195222/https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/kagiri-seals-laikipia-women-rep-seat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A babban zaɓen Kenya na shekarar 2022,<ref name=":0"/> an zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliyar mata daga gundumar Laikipia. <ref name=":0"/> == Ilimi == Kagiri ta halarci makarantun ilimi masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=HON. KAGIRI JANE WANGECHI {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://parliament.go.ke/the-national-assembly/hon-kagiri-jane-wangechi |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=parliament.go.ke}}</ref> * Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Othaya<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-31 |title=The first-term MP who sparked probe into high cost of power |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/gender/the-first-term-mp-who-sparked-probe-into-high-cost-of-power-4354162 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Babson<ref name=":0"/> * Jami'ar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Amurka<ref name=":0"/> * Jami'ar Madras<ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Duba kuma == * Majalisar Dokokin Kenya ta 13 [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gzs6wurf4c7h6t8g1c6li368zke0c4e 0 146878 840443 835559 2026-05-27T10:01:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Johariah binti Haji Abdul Wahab''' jami'ar diflomasiyya ce ta Brunei wadda a baya ta riƙe muƙamin jakada mai girma ta [[Brunei]] a [[Filipin|Philippines]] daga 2016 zuwa 2022. == Aikin diflomasiyya == === Philippines === Johariah ta taɓa zama darektan Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki (MOFAT) na Ma'aikatar ASEAN . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2016-11-02 |title=Crown Prince grants audience to newly-appointed envoys |url=https://borneo363.rssing.com/chan-61976226/article1559.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=borneo363.rssing.com}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2016, Johariah ta sami takardar shaidar amincewa daga [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-10-31 |title=COURTESY CALL BY BRUNEI DARUSSALAM’S NEW AMBASSADOR TO THE REPUBLIC OF PHILIPPINES |url=https://www.mindef.gov.bn/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=3938&Source=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindef.gov.bn%2FLists%2FNews%2FAll%2520News.aspx%3FPaged%3DTRUE&p_Published_x0020_Date=20161206%252016%253A00%253A00&p_ordering=1%252E00000000000000&p_ID=3972&PageFirstRow=1351&&View=%257BF4E5D0B9-B02F-42F3-AF3E-515EDD1BC05C%257D&ContentTypeId=0x0100CAC0162585062A43B942A7BC2F0B9F04 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.mindef.gov.bn |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428100946/https://www.mindef.gov.bn/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=3938&Source=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindef.gov.bn%2FLists%2FNews%2FAll%2520News.aspx%3FPaged%3DTRUE&p_Published_x0020_Date=20161206%252016%253A00%253A00&p_ordering=1%252E00000000000000&p_ID=3972&PageFirstRow=1351&&View=%257BF4E5D0B9-B02F-42F3-AF3E-515EDD1BC05C%257D&ContentTypeId=0x0100CAC0162585062A43B942A7BC2F0B9F04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A matsayinta na sabuwar jakadar Brunei Darussalam da aka naɗa a Philippines, [[Al-Muhtadee Billah|Yarima Al-Muhtadee Billah]] ya yi mata jawabi. <ref name=":1" /> Ta ziyarci Dato Abdul Aziz, mataimakin ministan tsaro, a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, inda ministar ta yi kira da a ƙara yin aiki tare da ma'aikatan RBAF da ke wurin da kuma tabbatar da jin daɗinsu, musamman na membobin Ƙungiyar Kula da Ƙasashen Duniya (IMT) da ke Mindanao . <ref name=":2" /> A ranar 6 ga Disamba, ta wuce ta gaban masu gadin girmamawa a kan hanyarta ta zuwa Fadar Malacañang don ba wa Shugaba Rodrigo Roa Duterte takardar shaidarta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-06 |title=December 06, 2016 – Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (AEP) Designate of Brunei Johariah Wahab walks past the honor guards on his way to presenting her credentials to President Rodrigo Roa Duterte… |url=https://pco.gov.ph/photo09-120616-2/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=pco.gov.ph}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamba, 2019, Johariah tana cikin jami'an Brunei da suka halarci bude gasar wasannin SEA ta 30. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-01 |title=Brunei Darussalam National Olympic Council |url=https://www.bruneiolympic.org/?t=news/index&p=news/2019/20191201a |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.bruneiolympic.org}}</ref> A wata ziyarar girmamawa da suka kai a ranar 15 ga Maris, 2021, mataimakiyar sakatariya mai kula da harkokin Asiya da Pacific ta gana da ita don tattauna karfafa dangantakar kasashen biyu, musamman a fannin kasuwanci da saka hannun jari a Mindanao da yankin BIMP-EAGA, da kuma hadin gwiwar tsaro da dabaru yayin da babban yankin ASEAN ke ci gaba da fama da [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=salama |date=2021-03-29 |title=Indonesia, Brunei strengthen bilateral relations with Philippines |url=https://halalfocus.net/indonesia-brunei-strengthen-bilateral-relations-with-philippines/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=halalfocus.net |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fayil:President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_poses_for_a_photo_opportunity_with_the_ASEAN_Ambassadors.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Johariah (shuɗi) tare da Shugaba Duterte da jakadun ASEAN a shekarar 2022]] A ranar 6 ga Yuni 2022, ta gana da zababben shugaban ƙasa Bongbong Marcos a ofisoshinsa na Mandaluyong don nuna ƙudurin ƙasashen biyu na ƙarfafa alaƙa da Philippines a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin da ke tafe. A lokacin wata ziyara ta bazata a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a ranar 22 ga Yuni 2022, Sakataren Harkokin Waje Teodoro Locsin Jr. da Johariah sun yi bitar muhimman ci gaban da aka samu a dangantakar da ke tsakanin Philippines da Brunei a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. === Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje === Daga ranar 10 ga Agusta 2022, [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] ya amince da nadin Johariah a matsayin sakatare na dindindin a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje (MFA). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=New permanent secretary appointed |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/new-permanent-secretary-appointed/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=borneobulletin.com.bn |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2022 |title=New Appointments |url=https://www.information.gov.bn/Brunei%20Today%20PDF%20Library/BDN%202022/BDN%20AUGUST%202022_FINAL.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.information.gov.bn}}</ref> Shugaban ya nuna godiyarsa a madadin dukkan ƙasar game da ƙoƙarin da Brunei Darussalam ke yi na ƙarfafa alaƙa tsakanin ƙasashen biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-28 |title=Marcos wishes safe travels for outgoing Brunei envoy Wahab |url=https://politiko.com.ph/2022/08/28/marcos-wishes-safe-travels-for-outgoing-brunei-envoy-wahab/daily-feed/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=politiko.com.ph |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga baya a ranar 26 ga Agusta, Shugaba Bongbong Marcos ya shirya mata gaisuwar bankwana, jakadiyar da ta bar aiki, a ɗakin kiɗa da ke Fadar Malacañang . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-26 |title=Farewell Call of H.E. Johariah Wahab, Ambassador of Brunei Darussalam to the Philippines |url=https://rtvm.gov.ph/farewell-call-of-h-e-johariah-wahab-ambassador-of-brunei-darussalam-to-the-philippines%EF%BF%BC/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=rtvm.gov.ph }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=PBBM commends Obiena for topping Germany meet |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1182327 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.pna.gov.ph |language=en}}</ref> Johariah ta wakilci Brunei a tarurruka da tarurruka da dama tun bayan barin mukaminta na jakada a Philippines, ciki har da taron Majalisar Tsaron Siyasa ta ASEAN a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2023; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting in Labuan Bajo |url=https://epaimages.com/search.pp?pictureid=11459769&title=ASEAN-Foreign-Ministers-Meeting-in-Labuan-Bajo |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=epaimages.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-09 |title=Indonesia seeks to strengthen ASEAN's foundation at 42nd Summit |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/280974/indonesia-seeks-to-strengthen-aseans-foundation-at-42nd-summit |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=en.antaranews.com |language=en}}</ref> shugabar taron manyan jami'ai na ASEAN-UK karo na 2 a ranar 8 ga Yuni 2023; <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-06-09 |title=ASEAN, UK commit to enhancing dialogue partnership {{!}} ASEAN {{!}} Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus) |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/asean-uk-commit-to-enhancing-dialogue-partnership/254462.vnp |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=en.vietnamplus.vn |language=en}}</ref> taron ministocin harkokin waje na ASEAN a taron ministocin bayan ASEAN a ranar 14 ga Yuli 2023; <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Jakarta Post |first= |date=2023-07-15 |title=ASEAN remains focused on economy - Asia & Pacific |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/world/2023/07/15/analysts-fear-aseans-focus-on-economics-may-limit-regional-security-progress.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.thejakartapost.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Niniek Karmini and Jim Gomez |first= |date=2023-07-14 |title=Southeast Asian leaders condemn Myanmar violence, but can't agree on solution |url=http://sahanjournal.com/news-partners/myanmar-violence-southeast-asian-nations-diplomats-cant-settle-on-solution/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=sahanjournal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma shugabar taron tattaunawa na 31 na ASEAN-New Zealand a ranar 19 ga Afrilu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=ASEAN, New Zealand echo commitment to energise strategic partnership |url=https://asean.org/asean-new-zealand-echo-commitment-to-energise-strategic-partnership/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=asean.org}}</ref> A matsayinta na memba mai daraja a bikin, ta halarci bikin buɗe bikin abinci a [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] a ranar 4 ga Agusta 2023, tare da bikin cika shekaru 50 na abota da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ASEAN da Japan, wanda aka gudanar a ofishin jakadancin Philippines . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Haniza Abdul Latif |date=2023-08-05 |title=Mempromosikan kepelbagaian makanan tradisi |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/2023/PELITA%20BRUNEI%2007082023.pdf |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-05 |title=50th Year of ASEAN -Japan Friendship and Cooperation |url=https://bsb.thaiembassy.org/th/content/50th-year-of-asean-japan-friendship-and-cooperatio?page=5d830eec15e39c31b400260a&menu=5d830eec15e39c31b400260b |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=bsb.thaiembassy.org |language=th}}</ref> Sakatare Janar na Cibiyar ASEAN-China (ACC) ya yi taro da ita a MFA ta Brunei a ranar 29 ga Fabrairu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=中国—东盟中心 |url=http://www.asean-china-center.org/english/2024-02/13235.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.asean-china-center.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-02 |title=Brunei commits to foster ASEAN-China bilateral ties » Borneo Bulletin Online |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/brunei-commits-to-foster-asean-china-bilateral-ties/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=borneobulletin.com.bn |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Johariah tana auren Haseri bin Haji Asli, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohamad |first=Lyna |date=2023-08-06 |title=Showcase of ASEAN, Japan, Timor-Leste flavours |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/showcase-of-asean-japan-timor-leste-flavours/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240729020048/https://borneobulletin.com.bn/showcase-of-asean-japan-timor-leste-flavours/#selection-2391.186-2391.198 |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Borneo Bulletin Online |language=en-US}}</ref> tsohon ɗan tseren ƙasa wanda ya fafata a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brunei Darussalam National Olympic Council |url=https://www.bruneiolympic.org/?t=news/index&p=news/2020/20200403a |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.bruneiolympic.org}}</ref> Ma'auratan suna da 'ya mace ɗaya tare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arcache |first=Maurice |title=A taste of ASEAN diplomacy & cuisine at SM Aura |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2019/09/18/1952630/taste-asean-diplomacy-cuisine-sm-aura |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.philstar.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sp9j86jbmfjf0srq6rrdh7h25au2481 0 146890 840433 815249 2026-05-27T09:24:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jody J. Daniels''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961 ko 1962 (shekara 63-64)) ta yi ritaya daga Rundunar Sojojin Amurka wanda ta yi aiki a matsayin 34th <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jody Daniels becomes first woman to lead U.S. Army Reserve |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2020/07/22/Jody-Daniels-becomes-first-woman-to-lead-US-Army-Reserve/7001595414429/ |website=UPI}}</ref> Shugaban Sojojin Amurka, da kuma 9th Commander General, Sojojin Sojojin United States Reserve Command . <ref name="CG-CAR">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=July 28, 2020 |title=Lt. Gen. Jody J. Daniels |url=https://www.usar.army.mil/Leadership/Article-View/Article/1709770/lt-gen-jody-j-daniels/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801073335/https://www.usar.army.mil/Leadership/Article-View/Article/1709770/lt-gen-jody-j-daniels/ |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |access-date=31 July 2020 |website=[[United States Army Reserve]] |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Ta sami kwamishinta ta hanyar Reserve Officers Training Corps a shekarar 1983. A watan Yulin 2020, an tabbatar da Daniels don cin nasarar Lieutenant Janar Charles D. Luckey a matsayin Babban Jami'in Sojoji. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2020 |title=PN1760 — Maj. Gen. Jody J. Daniels — Army |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/116th-congress/1760 |website=www.congress.gov}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:U.S._Army_Reserve_receives_new_commanding_general,_Chief_Army_Reserve_200728-A-MP372-426.jpg|thumb|Laftanar Janar Jody J. Daniels (dama), sabon kwamandan janar kuma Shugaban Sojojin Amurka, ya karanta rantsuwar ofishin da Janar James C. McConville, shugaban ma'aikatan Sojoji, ya gudanar, yayin da ta ci gaba, rantsuwar ofis, da kuma ɗaukar bikin umurni a Fort Bragg, North Carolina, Yuli 28, 2020.]] An haife ta a Rolla, Missouri, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Identity Series: A Conversation with Lieutenant General Jody J. Daniels |url=https://www.khoury.northeastern.edu/event/a-conversation-with-lieutenant-general-jody-daniels/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127193739/https://www.khoury.northeastern.edu/event/a-conversation-with-lieutenant-general-jody-daniels/ |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |access-date=December 26, 2020}}</ref> Daniels ya sami digiri na farko a fannin lissafi (Kimiyyar Kwamfuta) daga Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon a 1983, <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=July 2019 |title=Biography – Major General Jody J. Daniels |url=https://rfpb.defense.gov/Board-Biographies/daniels/ |access-date=31 July 2020 |website=Reserve Forces Policy Board |publisher=[[U.S. Department of Defense]] |quote= |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923094425/https://rfpb.defense.gov/Board-Biographies/daniels/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma daga baya ya sami Jagora na Kimiyya da Dokta na Falsafa a kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=Dec 1999 |title=Jody J. Daniels |url=https://people.cs.umass.edu/~cbr/daniels/ |access-date=31 July 2020 |website=University of Massachusetts Amherst |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Rubutun ta, a kimiyyar kwamfuta, ana kiranta dawo da wurare don rage bayanai. Ta kuma kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Yakin Sojojin Amurka tare da digiri na biyu a cikin nazarin dabarun. Jody daga baya ya sami digirin digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst a cikin 2019 [1] da kuma digirin digirgir na Kimiyya da Fasaha daga Jami'an Carnegie Mellon a cikin 2022.[2] == Ayyuka == A cikin aikin farar hula na Daniels, ta kasance Darakta na Shirye-shiryen Ci gaba na Laboratories na Fasaha na Lockheed Martin. <ref name="CG-CAR"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 132n6t2bs21i3y0nkokx100tzj0s8o8 0 147187 840369 816768 2026-05-27T00:32:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Jane M. Alexander (10 ga Nuwamba, 1929 - 6 ga Mayu, 2020) 'yar siyasa ce kuma lauya 'yar Amurka wadda ta yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania daga 1965 zuwa 1969. == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Jane Lehmer a Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1929. <ref>name="pahouse">{{cite news |title=JANE M. ALEXANDER |url=https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/BiosHistory/MemBio.cfm?ID=1238&body=H |access-date=May 15, 2020 |agency=Pennsylvania House of Representatives }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Iyalinta sun koma Dillsburg, Pennsylvania, lokacin da ta cika shekara biyu, don zama a ƙasar da iyalinta ke mallaka tun bayan da William Penn ya kafa yankin mulkin mallaka na Pennsylvania . <ref> name="bowman">{{cite news |last1=Bowman |first1=Sue |title=Jane Alexander: Country Girl With Worldwide Impact |url=https://www.lancasterfarming.com/farm_life/antiques_and_history/jane-alexander-country-girl-with-worldwide-impact/article_9800c42e-a5c6-591e-b1bc-a4eec66e4f6c.html |access-date=May 15, 2020 |work=Lancaster Farming |date=February 24, 2017}}</ref> Kakan Lehmer alkali ne na zaman lafiya, kuma ya ba ta damar, tana da shekaru biyar, ta kula da shari'o'in kotu da ya jagoranta. Bayan Lehmer ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Dillsburg, ta sami digirinta na farko daga Kwalejin Dickinson a 1951, <ref> name="pnobit">{{cite news |title=Jane M. Alexander |url=https://www.cocklinfuneralhome.com/obituary/jane-alexander |access-date=May 15, 2020 |work=The Patriot News |date=May 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606162152/https://www.cocklinfuneralhome.com/obituary/jane-alexander |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> sannan ta sami digirin shari'a daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Dickinson a 1954. Ta auri P. Nelson Alexander, <ref name="pnobit" /> wanda ta renon yara biyu na halitta. <ref name="Freireich" /> Aurenta na biyu shine James A. McHale, <ref name="pnobit" /> wanda ta haɗu da shi yayin da dukkansu ke aiki a Sashen Noma na Pennsylvania . <ref name="Freireich" /> == Aikin shari'a da hidimar jama'a == A shekarar 1955, an shigar da Jane Alexander cikin ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta gundumar York. Ita ce mace ta biyu da ta sami mamba a cikin lauyoyin gundumar, kuma ta farko da ta fara aiki da lauya. Alexander ta fara aikinta na lauya a fannin shari'a. An zaɓe ta a matsayinta na siyasa ta farko a shekarar 1955, kuma ta zauna a Majalisar Gundumar Dillsburg a matsayin mace ta farko da ta zama mamba a majalisar. <ref name="Freireich" /> An naɗa ta shugabar ƙungiyar, ta yi aiki daga 1958 zuwa 1959, kuma ita ce mace ta farko da ta jagoranci majalisar. <ref name="Freireich" /> Alexander daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na Hukumar Makarantar Haɗin gwiwa ta Arewa. <ref name="pahouse" /> <ref name="Freireich" /> Tana da alaƙa da Jam'iyyar Democrat, an zaɓe Alexander zuwa wa'adi biyu a Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania, tana yi wa Gundumar 92 hidima daga 1965 zuwa 1969. <ref name="pahouse" /> <ref name="Freireich" /> Bayan ta hau mulki, Alexander ta zama mace ta farko da ta wakilci Gundumar York a Babban Taron Pennsylvania . Ta sha kaye a karo na biyu a zaɓen sake zaɓe a shekarar 1968. <ref name="pahouse" /> <ref name="Freireich" /> Tsakanin 1969 da 1972, an naɗa Alexander a Hukumar Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Yara. <ref name="pahouse" /> <ref name="Scolforo" /> Daga nan ta yi aiki a Ofishin Abinci da Sinadarai na Ma'aikatar Noma ta Pennsylvania. Daga baya Gwamna Milton Shapp ya naɗa mataimakiyar sakataren noma na jihar. <ref name="bowman" /> Alexander ta zama mace ta farko a Amurka da ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar sakataren noma a matakin jiha. <ref name="bowman" /> Ta ci gaba da wannan matsayin har zuwa 1978, lokacin da ta zama mamallakiyar kuma shugabar J&J Agri-Products and Services Inc., a Dillsburg. <ref name="bowman" /> Alexander ta yi aikin lauya har zuwa rasuwarta, ta mai da hankali kan dokokin iyali, gidaje da gidaje. <ref name="bowman" /> Alexander ta mutu a Asibitin Harrisburg, a Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, tana da shekaru 90, a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 2020. <ref name="Scolforo" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutattun 2020]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] m6q0brjgyerv4eb6jisz5q58knb28yc 0 147301 840287 817108 2026-05-26T14:59:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''(Margaret) Inez DeGraw Baker''' (Janairu 6, 1921 - Maris 11, 2011) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ta Amurka, mai kula da harkokin littattafai, uwar gida kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar Democrat wadda ta zama mace ta farko da ta wakilci Portsmouth, Virginia a Babban Taron Virginia . An fara zabarta a lokacin rikicin ' Yancin Kai na Musamman a 1959, ta yi wa'adi biyu daban-daban a Majalisar Wakilai ta Virginia . == Farko da rayuwar iyali == An haife ta a Baltimore, Maryland ga George DeGraw, mai gyaran jiragen ruwa, da matarsa Lucy. A lokacin ƙidayar jama'a ta 1930, iyalin sun haɗa da 'ya'ya maza biyu (George Jr. mai shekaru 12 da Raymond mai shekaru 9) da jaririyar Gertrude. A lokacin Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci, iyalan DeGraw sun koma Virginia. Inez ta halarci makarantun gwamnati na Portsmouth, Virginia kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Woodrow Wilson a lokacin a 1938. A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1941, ta auri tsohon abokin karatunta, Barnabas William ("Billy") Baker, na wani dangin Portsmouth da aka kafa kuma wanda zai iya bin diddigin zuriyarsa tun zamanin mulkin mallaka. == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rubuta tarihin rayuwa da kuma mai kula da littattafai, kuma ta zauna a gida tare da iyayenta, ɗan'uwanta Raymond (wanda ya zama mai koyon aikin gyaran jiragen ruwa), da kuma 'yar'uwarta Gertrude. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Baker ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da littattafai na Red Cross ta Amurka. Mijinta ya kasance mai tsara takardu tare da Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka a lokacin yaƙin, sannan ya zama mataimakin sheriff kuma yana gudanar da harkokin motar asibiti da taksi, haka kuma ya lashe zaɓen majalisar birni na tsawon shekaru takwas kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin garin Portsmouth a 1958-1960, kafin ya yi ritaya don mai da hankali kan kasuwancinsa na noma na azalea. <ref>Alf J. and Ramona H. Mapp, Portsmouth: a pictorial history (Norfolk: The Donning Company {{ISBN|0-89865-744-X}}) pp. 41, 198</ref> Inez Baker ta tsaya takarar kujera a Majalisar Wakilai ta Virginia don maye gurbin lauya kuma ɗan uwansa Bishop John Ashton MacKenzie, kuma ta yi aiki tare da [[Willard J. Moody]] (wanda ya sake lashe zaɓe sau da yawa kuma ya wakilci birnin tsawon shekaru da dama a majalisun biyu na Majalisar Dokokin Virginia). Ba kamar Moody ba, MacKenzie da magajin ta, waɗanda lauyoyi ne kuma masu matsakaicin ra'ayi na siyasa waɗanda suka ci gaba da goyon bayan Gwamna Almond bayan ya amince da shawarwarin da alkalan tarayya da Kotun Koli ta Virginia suka yanke waɗanda suka amince da haɗakar launin fata a makarantun Virginia a 1959, Baker ya haɗu da Byrd Organization kuma ya goyi bayan Massive Resistance to launin fata. Ɗan uwansa Episcopalian kuma lauya [[Donald Sandie Jr.]] ya gaje ta tun daga watan Janairun 1960, bayan zaɓen da Baker ya lashe kashi 7% kawai na ƙuri'un da aka jefa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Virginia Elections Database » Candidate Profile |url=https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/candidates/view/Inez-D-Baker |access-date=2026-03-31 |archive-date=2025-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211150252/https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/candidates/view/Inez-D-Baker |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙiyayyarta ga harajin tallace-tallace na jihar da aka tsara shi ma bai isa ya yi nasara ba. Duk da haka, Baker ya sake tsayawa takara kuma ya lashe zaɓen majalisar dokoki na bazara ta 1966 a kan mai zane Glenn Yates Jr., wanda ya sake yin aiki tare da tsohuwar Moody, wacce Yates zai gaje ta a zaman majalisar na 1968. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Virginia Elections Database » Candidate Profile |url=https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/candidates/view/Glenn-Yates-Jr |access-date=2026-03-31 |archive-date=2026-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260208130337/https://historical.elections.virginia.gov/candidates/view/Glenn-Yates-Jr |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin wa'adinta na biyu, Baker ta yi aiki tare da sauran mata uku a majalisar dokokin jihar, Mary AR Marshall ta Arlington, Marion Galland ta Alexandria da Dorothy McDiarmid ta Fairfax. Ta sami karbuwa sosai saboda yunƙurin da ta yi na rage sabon "harajin mota" ga mutanen da ke cinikin tsofaffin motoci, da kuma kiran a yi nazari don ba da damar fa'idodin rashin aikin yi ga ma'aikatan jiha da na gida waɗanda ba a rufe su a halin yanzu ba. Duk da haka, Baker ta sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat na gaba (Yates da sabbin shiga Lester E. Schiltz da L. Cleaves Manning duk sun fi ta rinjaye). Don haka, ta sake yin wa'adi ɗaya kawai, kodayake majalisar dokoki ta gaba har yanzu tana da mata huɗu saboda masu zaɓe na Richmond sun zaɓi Eleanor P. Sheppard . Har zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 1966, ta goyi bayan Sanata Willis Robertson, wani kwararre a jam'iyyar Democrat kuma mai ra'ayin Byrd Organization, wanda shi ma ya sha kaye a zaben fidda gwani, ta hannun William B. Spong, Jr., wani lauya a Portsmouth wanda Shugaba Lyndon Johnson da abokansa suka dauka don adawa da kungiyar Byrd. == Mutuwa da gado == Baker ta rasu a Portsmouth a shekarar 2011, mijinta (wanda zai sake yin aure a shekara mai zuwa) ya rasu da kuma 'yan'uwa mata da 'yan'uwa mata. An binne ta a [[Cedar Grove cemetery (Portsmouth, Virginia)|makabartar Cedar Grove]] mai tarihi a Portsmouth. Barnabas Baker ya mutu yana da shekaru 100, kuma an binne ta da girmamawa ta soja kusa da ita a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barnabas Baker was an enthusiast for Portsmouth. The former mayor and popular historian died at age 100 |url=https://pilotonline.com/news/obituaries/vp-nw-barnabas-baker-portsmouth-obit-20201102-rcgxxfwydnfkdkupr5mtkdma2u-story.html}}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] 9khitju12groxbyo20td9rkzy1c1dub 0 147316 840429 835527 2026-05-27T09:03:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Joan W. Barr''' (wacce aka haifa a matsayin '''Worthy''' ; daga baya '''Barr-Smith''' ; 22 ga Nuwamba, 1939 - 21 ga Maris, 2015) 'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka kuma mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin magajin garin birnin [[Evanston Il|Evanston, Illinois]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Latham |first=Tori |date=March 24, 2015 |title=First female Evanston mayor dies after battle with leukemia |url=https://dailynorthwestern.com/2015/03/23/city/first-female-evanston-mayor-dies-after-battle-with-leukemia-2/ |access-date=October 16, 2019 |website=The Daily Northwestern}}</ref> An zaɓi Barr Smith a shekarar 1985 kuma aka rantsar da ita a matsayinta a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1985, ta hannun Alkalin Gundumar Cook County Michael Toomin. <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Enstad |first=Robert |date=April 23, 1985 |title=EVANSTON SWEARS IN FIRST WOMAN MAYOR |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-04-23-8501240085-story.html |access-date=May 20, 2019 |website=chicagotribune.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Kafin zaɓenta a matsayin magajin gari, ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru takwas a matsayin mai kula da gundumar ta biyu. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Joan Barr Smith: Kellogg Grad, Former Evanston Mayor Dies |url=https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/03/joan-barr-smith-kellogg-alumna-former-evanston-mayor-dies-at-75/ |website=news.northwestern.eduaccess-date=2019-05-20}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == Joan ita ce kaɗai 'ya ga James (farfesa a Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Kellogg ) da Mildred Louise Worthy (née Née Neritz). <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=UNCAP: Guide to the James C. Worthy (1910–1998) Papers 1930/1999 |url=http://uncap.lib.uchicago.edu/view.php?eadid=inu-ead-nua-archon-1063 |access-date=May 30, 2019 |website=uncap.lib.uchicago.edu}}</ref> Iyalin sun zauna a unguwar Rogers Park da ke Chicago lokacin da Barr yake ƙarami. <ref> name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Obituary for Joan Barr Smith – SKOKIE, IL |url=https://www.donnellanfuneral.com/obituaries/Joan-Barr-Smith?obId=7472869#/obituaryInfo |access-date=May 20, 2019 |website=www.donnellanfuneral.com}}</ref> Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa yankin North Shore lokacin da Barr yake ɗan shekara huɗu. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Joan Barr Smith: Kellogg Grad, Former Evanston Mayor Dies |url=https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/03/joan-barr-smith-kellogg-alumna-former-evanston-mayor-dies-at-75/ |website=news.northwestern.eduaccess-date=2019-05-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/03/joan-barr-smith-kellogg-alumna-former-evanston-mayor-dies-at-75/ "Joan Barr Smith: Kellogg Grad, Former Evanston Mayor Dies"]. ''news.northwestern.eduaccess-date=2019-05-20''.</cite></ref> Barr ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta New Trier da ke Winnetka, Illinois . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joan Barr Smith |url=https://jwcdaily.com/2015/03/24/joan-barr-smith/ |access-date=May 20, 2019 |website=DailyNorthShore |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Syracuse, inda ta sami digiri na farko. Daga baya ta sami digirin MBA daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Kellogg a Jami'ar Northwestern, <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Joan Barr Smith: Kellogg Grad, Former Evanston Mayor Dies |url=https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/03/joan-barr-smith-kellogg-alumna-former-evanston-mayor-dies-at-75/ |website=news.northwestern.eduaccess-date=2019-05-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/03/joan-barr-smith-kellogg-alumna-former-evanston-mayor-dies-at-75/ "Joan Barr Smith: Kellogg Grad, Former Evanston Mayor Dies"]. ''news.northwestern.eduaccess-date=2019-05-20''.</cite></ref> ta zama wani ɓangare na ajin 1996. <ref> name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Seidenberg |first=Bob |date=March 25, 2015 |title=Evanston's first female mayor managed through consensus |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/evanston/ct-joan-barr-obituary-met-20150323-story.html |access-date=October 16, 2019 |website=chicagotribune.com}}</ref> Ta koma Evanston a shekarar 1962, kafin ta yi shekaru biyu a matsayin shugabar taron al'umma na Dewey. A shekarar 1977, an zaɓe ta alderman daga Ward na Biyu na Evanston. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Obituary for Joan Barr Smith – SKOKIE, IL |url=https://www.donnellanfuneral.com/obituaries/Joan-Barr-Smith?obId=7472869#/obituaryInfo |access-date=May 20, 2019 |website=www.donnellanfuneral.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.donnellanfuneral.com/obituaries/Joan-Barr-Smith?obId=7472869#/obituaryInfo "Obituary for Joan Barr Smith – SKOKIE, IL"]. ''www.donnellanfuneral.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Ta yi wa'adin mulkinta na aldermanic kuma aka sake zaɓe ta a karo na biyu a shekarar 1981. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 1985, ta yi nasarar neman mukamin magajin gari a kan mutane biyu: tsohon shugaban cocin nan Donald Borah mai ritaya, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Enstad |first=Robert |date=April 23, 1985 |title=EVANSTON SWEARS IN FIRST WOMAN MAYOR |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-04-23-8501240085-story.html |access-date=May 20, 2019 |website=chicagotribune.com |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEnstad1985">Enstad, Robert (April 23, 1985). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-04-23-8501240085-story.html "EVANSTON SWEARS IN FIRST WOMAN MAYOR"]. ''chicagotribune.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> da Rev. John Frederick Norwood, <ref name=":2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=reporter |first=Vikki Ortiz, Tribune staff |date=December 15, 2007 |title=John Fredrick Norwood: 1926 – 2007 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2007-12-15-0712140668-story.html |access-date=October 21, 2019 |website=chicagotribune.com |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda a lokacin fasto ne na cocin Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist da ke Evanston. Zaben da ta yi ya zama karo na farko a tarihin Evanston da wata mace ta riƙe matsayin magajin gari. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Passings: Northwestern Magazine – Northwestern University |url=https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/summer2015/alumnilife/passings.html |access-date=May 30, 2019 |website=Northwestern Magazine}}</ref> Jawabinta na farko ya nuna nauyin harajin gidaje a matsayin fifikon magancewa. <ref name=":2" /> Adadin kadarorin da aka keɓe daga haraji a birnin an ga su a matsayin gudummawa ga abin da a wancan lokacin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman harajin gidaje a yankin Chicago. <ref name=":2" /> Ta kuma lura da ci gaban tattalin arziki, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Bill |date=March 22, 2015 |title=Former mayor Joan Barr dies |url=https://evanstonnow.com/story/government/bill-smith/2015-03-22/69409/former-mayor-joan-barr-dies |access-date=May 20, 2019 |website=Evanston Now |language=en-US}}</ref> inganta alaƙar da ke tsakanin birnin da Jami'ar Northwestern; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Marissa |date=October 20, 2015 |title=Aldermanic library dedicated to Evanston's first female mayor |url=https://dailynorthwestern.com/2015/10/20/city/aldermanic-library-dedicated-to-evanstons-first-female-mayor/ |access-date=October 16, 2019 |website=The Daily Northwestern}}</ref> ƙungiyoyin titi da rashin matsuguni sune fannoni mafi muhimmanci a lokacin mulkinta. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Joan Barr Smith: Kellogg Grad, Former Evanston Mayor Dies |url=https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/03/joan-barr-smith-kellogg-alumna-former-evanston-mayor-dies-at-75/ |website=news.northwestern.eduaccess-date=2019-05-20}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2015/03/joan-barr-smith-kellogg-alumna-former-evanston-mayor-dies-at-75/ "Joan Barr Smith: Kellogg Grad, Former Evanston Mayor Dies"]. ''news.northwestern.eduaccess-date=2019-05-20''.</cite></ref> === Zaman magajin gari === A lokacin da take magajin gari, Barr ta ci gaba da aiki a ƙungiyoyin jama'a da dama. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Taron Gundumar Arewa maso Yamma kuma memba ce a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Taron Gundumar Amurka . Ta yi aiki a wannan ƙungiyar a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar Magoya Mata. A lokacin da take kan mulki, ta shahara da inganta dangantakar kayan ado na gari, inda ta yi haɗin gwiwa da Jami'ar Northwestern kan gina dala $400.&nbsp;wurin bincike na dala miliyan daloli a Evanston, da kuma kin amincewa da shirin harajin makaranta ga ɗalibai a Jami'ar. <ref name=":4"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenthal |first=Brian |date=March 2, 2009 |title=Town-gown relations see change on horizon |url=https://dailynorthwestern.com/2009/03/02/archive-manual/town-gown-relations-see-change-on-horizon/ |access-date=October 16, 2019 |website=The Daily Northwestern}}</ref> Sakamakon aikinta na kafa wurin binciken, darektan zartarwa na Evanston Inventure (wani kamfanin ci gaba na birni), Ronald Kysiak, ya kira Barr "mai gina yarjejeniya". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCrory |first=Robert |date=July 1988 |title=Illinois Issues |url=https://www.lib.niu.edu/1988/ii880715.html |journal=Illinois Issues |volume=17 |access-date=2026-03-31 |archive-date=2024-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227124003/https://www.lib.niu.edu/1988/ii880715.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar jaridar gida, mai gudanarwa kuma mai gina yarjejeniya ta ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' ita ma ta bayyana yadda Barr ta ga rawar da take takawa. Wasu kuma sun ɗauke ta a matsayin wacce ba ta da jayayya a salon gwamnatinta, tana mai da hankali kan ƙirƙirar alaƙa da gina al'umma ba tare da nuna wariya ba. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Seidenberg |first=Bob |date=March 25, 2015 |title=Evanston's first female mayor managed through consensus |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/evanston/ct-joan-barr-obituary-met-20150323-story.html |access-date=October 16, 2019 |website=chicagotribune.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSeidenberg2015">Seidenberg, Bob (March 25, 2015). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/evanston/ct-joan-barr-obituary-met-20150323-story.html "Evanston's first female mayor managed through consensus"]. ''chicagotribune.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> An zaɓe Barr a karo na biyu a matsayin magajin gari a shekarar 1989 kuma ta sauka daga mukamin a shekarar 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 10, 2018 |title=Lorraine Morton, Longest Serving Mayor Of Evanston, Dies At 99 |url=https://patch.com/illinois/evanston/lorraine-morton-longest-serving-mayor-evanston-dies-99 |access-date=May 20, 2019 |website=Evanston, IL Patch |language=en}}</ref> Bayan lokacin da ta yi a matsayin magajin gari, ta yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Haraji ta Illinois da Ma'aikatar Tsaron Aiki ta Illinois . Ta zama diakoni a Cocin Episcopal a shekarar 2008. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":5"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]] dm0ofzyav0kl40vjsejqjqp9zjnnxk3 0 148611 840301 827567 2026-05-26T17:32:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Itigidi''' wani yanki ne a Yankin karamar hukuma ta [[Abi]] a [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], [[Najeriya]] . [[Kalaba|Calabar]], babban birnin Jihar Cross River, yana da kusan kilomita 109 (68 daga Itigidi. Itigidi da [[Abuja]], babban birnin Najeriya, sun raba kusan kilomita 356 (221 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi, Nigeria - Facts and information on Itigidi - Nigeria.Places-in-the-world.com |url=https://nigeria.places-in-the-world.com/2337020-place-itigidi.html |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=nigeria.places-in-the-world.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Yanayi == A cikin Itigidi, lokacin rigar yana da dumi, mai zalunci, kuma yana da duhu kuma Lokacin fari yana da zafi, mai laushi, kuma yana cikin girgije. A cikin shekara, zafin jiki yawanci ya bambanta daga 67 ° F zuwa 88 ° F kuma yana da wuya a kasa da 60 ° F ko sama da 91 ° F.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Itigidi Winter Weather, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/s/58507/3/Average-Winter-Weather-in-Itigidi-Nigeria |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=weatherspark.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renovation of Itigidi PHC |url=http://eutf.akvoapp.org/en/project/3258/hierarchy/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Akvo RSR }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Themesberg |title=Project Pipeline {{!}} Nigeria Climate Finance Database |url=https://themesberg.com/product/web-templates/leaf-non-profit-environmental-bootstrap-4-theme |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=themesberg.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River Archives |url=https://postalcode.ng/category/cross-river/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=PostalCode.ng}}</ref> == Asibiti == Daga cikin asibitin da ke Itigidi akwai; * Asibitin hadin gwiwa na tunawa da Eja Itigidi == Makaranta == Daga cikin makarantar a Itigidi akwai; * Makarantar Nursing ta Jihar Cross River Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross River State College of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences: Nursing College |url=https://conmsit.edu.ng/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=conmsit.edu.ng |language=en}}</ref> * Kwalejin Nursing Itigidi <ref>{{Cite web |title=ABI Local Government Area |url=https://abilga.cr.gov.ng/institution/college-of-nursing |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=abilga.cr.gov.ng |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804135626/https://abilga.cr.gov.ng/institution/college-of-nursing |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantar Sakandare ta Al'umma, Itigidi == Manazarta == <references /> <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|5|53|31|N|8|01|18|E|type:city_region:NG}} q0dfmhgwnx4vbv064p18155huwparjc 0 149205 840417 830011 2026-05-27T07:35:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jesse Marshall Thompson Edge''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1995) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne [[New Zealand|na New Zealand]] wanda ke taka leda a ƙungiyar Norra ta Sweden mai son Division 1 don IFK Berga . Bayan New Zealand, ya buga wasa a Sweden, Netherlands, Slovakia, da Italiya galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2019 |title=Jesse Edge: The New Zealander Living The Dream In Europe |url=https://worldfootballindex.com/2019/06/jesse-edge-new-zealand-in-europe/ |publisher=worldfootballindex.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Slovakia next stop on Jesse Edge's football odyssey |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/football/world-game/107263269/slovakia-next-stop-on-jesse-edges-football-odyssey |publisher=stuff.co.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Teen's pro dream comes true in Italy |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/bay-of-plenty-times/news/exclusive-football-teens-pro-dream-comes-true-in-italy/PBUVMG4XI67EPCCD3HGIYLTKSA/ |publisher=nzherald.co.nz}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2014 |title=The Edge project |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/football-the-edge-project/COU3FZMCF3QE2WZMHH3D7N5QGE/ |publisher=nzherald.co.nz |access-date=5 May 2026 |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511022223/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/football-the-edge-project/COU3FZMCF3QE2WZMHH3D7N5QGE/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Ya fara buga wasa a Eerste Division don Achilles '29 a ranar 20 ga Janairu 2017 a wasan da suka yi da NAC Breda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2017 |title=Game Report by Soccerway |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2017/01/20/netherlands/eerste-divisie/nac-bv/achilles-1929/2240749/ |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Daga nan ya koma cikin 2018 zuwa ƙwararrun kulob din FK Železiarne Podbrezová a cikin Slovak First Football League . Edge ya bar Slovakia a watan Agusta na 2019 bayan bai karɓi albashinsa na Yuro 300 a kowane wata ba. Daga nan ya koma Netherlands ya yi gwaji da DFS, kafin ya sanya hannu da kulob din a ƙarshen watan. A watan Agusta na 2020, ya koma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Sweden ta IFK Berga a ƙungiyar Division 1 ta Norra <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2020 |title=New Zealand duo sign for Swedish club |url=https://oceaniafootballcenter.org/2020/08/06/new-zealand-duo-sign-for-swedish-club/}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, ya koma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan Sweden ta Lunds BK a ƙungiyar Division 1 Sodra kafin ya koma IFK Malmo a watan Agusta har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2022 a matsayin kocin ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 12. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] bg55e2q3p6irxqodxmgjyzlpg6m48gf 0 149461 840296 835143 2026-05-26T17:02:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ismail Abdul-Ganiyu''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1996) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ghana wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga Kyaftin din Ghana Premier League na ƙungiyar Ethiopian Insurance FC . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2020 |title=The ultimate 18-team Ghana Premier League season guide 2020/21 - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/the-ultimate-18-team-ghana-premier-league-season-guide-2020-21/ |access-date=2021-02-07 |website=My Joy Online |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-02 |title=VIDEO: Kotoko's Ismail Abdul Ganiyu steps up injury recover |url=https://ghanasportsonline.com/2020/01/video-kotokos-ismail-abdul-ganiyu-steps-up-injury-recover/ |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=Ghana Sports Online |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya fara aikinsa tare da [[Legon Cities FC|Wa All Stars]] kuma kafin ya sanya hannu a [[Karela United FC|Karela]]_United_FC" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Karela United FC">Karela United a watan Satumbar 2017. Ya lashe Gasar Firimiya ta Ghana da Ghana Super Cup tare da Wa All Stars kafin ya shiga Karela, sannan daga baya Asante Kotoko a watan Oktoba 2018. Abdul-Ganiyu ya fara buga wa Ghana wasa a shekarar 2021 a kan [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|Afirka ta Kudu]]. A halin yanzu yana wasa a kungiyar Ethiopian Premier League ta Ethiopian Insurance FC. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Wa All Stars === Abdul-Ganiyu ya fara aikinsa a garinsu Wa tare da [[Legon Cities FC|Wa All Stars]] a shekarar 2013. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, ya zira kwallaye a kan Accra Hearts of Oak yayin da All Stars suka ci 3-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-05 |title=Hearts disastrous campaign continue with second All Stars defeat |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/hearts-disastrous-campaign-continue-second-stars-defeat |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2015, ya zira kwallaye daga raga don taimakawa Wa All Stars zuwa nasarar 2-0 a kan Hearts of Oak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearts suffer chastening defeat to Wa All Stars - Ghana Premier League 2014/15 - Hearts of Oak |url=https://africanfootball.com/news/539582/Hearts-suffer-chastening-defeat-to-Wa-All-Stars |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=African Football}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=18 June 2015 |title=Wa All Stars avenge Premier League first round def |url=https://www.ghanafa.org/wa-all-stars-avenge-premier-league-first-round-def |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=Ghana Football Association}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, ya kafa kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa tare da Ishaku Konda da Hafiz Adams yayin da Wa All Stars ta lashe Gasar Firimiya ta Ghana a kakar 2016. A kan hanyar zuwa taken uku sun taimaka wa tawagar ta sami lambar yabo kuma ta sami mafi kyawun rikodin tsaro na kakar ta hanyar ba da kwallaye 22 a wasanni 30. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=WA All Stars: The Champions |url=https://www.modernghana.com/sports/721090/wa-all-stars-the-champions.html |access-date=2021-12-30 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ya lashe gasar, ya buga wasanni 26 kuma ya zira kwallaye.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Abdul Ganiyu Ismail - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/abdul-ganiyu-ismail/115579/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2017, ya lashe gasar cin kofin Ghana yayin da Wa All Stars ta zira kwallaye na Bechem United ta hanyar burin da Emmnauel Ocran ya ci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-22 |title=Wa All Stars claim Ghanaian Super Cup title after pipping Bechem United 1-0 in Tamale clash |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/wa-all-stars-claim-ghanaian-super-cup-title-after-pipping-bechem-united-1-0-in-tamale-clash |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}</ref> === Karela United === A watan Satumbar 2017, Abdul-Ganiyu ya sanya hannu a sabuwar kungiyar [[Karela United FC|Karela United]] ta Ghana Premier League. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-11 |title=Newly-promoted Karela United agree personal terms with former Wa All Stars defender Abdul Ganiu Ismail |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/newly-promoted-karela-united-agree-personal-terms-with-former-wa-all-stars-defender-abdul-ganiu-ismail |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Karela wasa a ranar 17 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, inda ya buga cikakken minti 90 a cikin asarar 1-0 ga abokan hamayyar yankin Medeama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Medeama SC vs Karela United FC - 2018-03-17 - Zylofon Cash Premier League - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2018-03-17/medeama-sc-vs-karela-united-fc/1269469/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko ta hanyar zira kwallayi a cikin nasarar 3-1 a kan kulob dinsa na gaba Asante Kotoko . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adjei |first=Michael Oti |date=2 May 2018 |title=Asante Kotoko stumble again as Karela run continues |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/ghana/story/3481142/asante-kotoko-stumble-again-as-karela-united-run-continues |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Abdul-Ganiyu ya buga minti 90 a dukkan wasannin 15 na gasar, ya zira kwallaye biyu kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta mutum uku kafin a soke gasar saboda Anas Number 12 Expose . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=Karela FC defender Abdul Ganiyu completes Asante Kotoko switch |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/karela-fc-defender-abdul-ganiyu-completes-asante-kotoko-switch |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}</ref> === Asante Kotoko === A watan Oktoba na 2018, Abdul-Ganiyu ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kwangilar shekaru uku ga Kumasi Asante Kotoko daga [[Karela United FC|Karela United]] . <ref name=":0"/> A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, ya fara bugawa a lokacin GFA Normalization Competition na 2019 wanda ya fara tare da [[Wahab Adams]] a cikin tsaro yayin da Kotoko ta doke Aduana Stars da 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Asante Kotoko SC vs Aduana Stars FC - 2019-03-31 - GFA Normalization Special Competition - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2019-03-31/asante-kotoko-sc-vs-aduana-stars-fc/1611200/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Asante Kotoko ta hanyar zira kwallayen kisa a cikin nasarar 1-0 a kan Eleven Wonders a ranar 5 ga Mayu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kobo |first=Kingsley |date=15 May 2019 |title=Kotoko 1-0 Eleven Wonders – Porcupine Warriors claim full marks at home |url=https://www.goal.com/en-cm/news/kotoko-1-0-eleven-wonders-porcupine-warriors-claim-full-marks-at-/14miw2oeiya631cbkbh9pyony5 |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=Goal}}</ref> Ya buga cikakken minti 90 a dukkan wasannin 14 yayin da Kotoko ta lashe gasar Normalization . <ref name=":3"/> A wasan karshe na gasar zakarun Turai, ya sauya faɗarsa don tura Kotoko zuwa faɗakarwar faɗakarwa 4-1 bayan wasan ya ƙare a 1-1 draw. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2019-06-23 |title=#NCSpecial: Kotoko beat Karela on PKs to secure Caf CL ticket |url=https://footy-ghana.com/2019/06/ncspecial-kotoko-beat-karela-on-pks-to-secure-caf-cl-ticket/ |access-date=2021-12-31 |website=Footy-GHANA.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2021-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231223211/https://footy-ghana.com/2019/06/ncspecial-kotoko-beat-karela-on-pks-to-secure-caf-cl-ticket/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-23 |title=NC Special: Kotoko beat Karela on penalties to win Tier 1 Competition |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/06/nc-special-kotoko-beat-karela-on-penalties-to-win-tier-1-competition/ |access-date=2022-01-01 |website=Citinewsroom |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, ya lashe kofinsa na biyu tare da kulob din, bayan Asante Kotoko ta doke abokan hamayyarsu Hearts of Oak da nasarar 2-1 a gasar cin Kofin Shugaban kasa.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Teye |first=Prince Narkortu |date=22 December 2019 |title=Asante Kotoko down Hearts of Oak to win Ghana President's Cup |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/asante-kotoko-down-hearts-of-oak-to-win-ghana-presidents-cup/5td4518rmb0f1tv652ablc6af |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=Goal}}</ref> Shekaru uku bayan ya shiga kulob din, a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2021, kocin Prosper Narteh Ogum ya nada shi a matsayin sabon kyaftin din kulob din bayan tashiwar Felix Annan da Emmanuel Gyamfi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Susu |date=7 October 2021 |title=GPL: Ismail Ganiyu announced as new Kotoko captain |url=https://citisportsonline.com/2021/10/07/gpl-ismail-ganiyu-announced-as-new-kotoko-captain/ |access-date=31 December 2021 |website=Citi Sports Online}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] k33v4hnxclqngxawa0iko6iak5upd5s 0 149472 840304 830849 2026-05-26T18:34:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jaap Davids''' (an haife shi 1 Disamba 1984 a Bergharen, Gelderland ) ɗan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Holland. == Aikin kulob == Kulob ɗinsa na farko shine Vitesse a kakar wasa ta 2003–04 da 2004–05, amma bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar ba. An ba shi aro ga FC Den Bosch a shekarar 2005, [1] inda ya buga wasanni 34 da kwallaye 5. A kakar wasa ta gaba an ba Davids aro ga AGOVV Apeldoorn inda ya buga wasanni uku [2] kuma an dakatar da shi na tsawon watanni saboda rashin da'a. [3] [4] Daga ƙarshe Vitesse ta sake shi kuma ya koma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan De Treffers . <ref>[http://www.fcupdate.nl/voetbalnieuws/100559/jaap-davids-schrijft-zich-in-bij-de-treffers/ Jaap Davids schrijft zich in bij De Treffers] - FC Update {{In lang|nl}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009 ya koma FC Lienden, <ref>[https://www.gelderlander.nl/amateurvoetbal/fc-lienden-legt-verdediger-jaap-davids-vast~ab6300b2/ FC Lienden legt verdediger Jaap Davids vast] - Gelderlander {{In lang|nl}}</ref> amma ya bar su bayan kakar wasa biyu da ya yi a RKHVV. <ref>[http://www.arnhemsports.nl/jaap-davids-naar-rkhvv/ Jaap Davids naar RKHVV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206210740/http://www.arnhemsports.nl/jaap-davids-naar-rkhvv/ |date=2024-12-06 }} - Arnhem Sports {{In lang|nl}}</ref> == Kididdiga == {| class="wikitable" !Kakar wasa ! Kulob ! Ƙasa ! Bayyanar ! Huluna ! Ƙwallaye |- | 2003/04 | SBV Vitesse | Netherlands | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 |- | 2004/05 | SBV Vitesse | Netherlands | Eredivisie | 0 | 0 |- | 2005/06 | FC Den Bosch | Netherlands | Eerste Division | 34 | 5 |- | 2006/07 | AGOVV Apeldoorn | Netherlands | Eerste Division | 3 | 0 |- | '''Jimilla:''' | | | | '''37''' | '''5''' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] nudvkwuh5amrb11jcqh4tycra2h8pa9 0 149961 840343 832547 2026-05-26T21:45:55Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330420689|Emmanuel Osuigwe]]" 840343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Osuigwe''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1952) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] rm4n3wtjatqeuy6m9s3h3trjy79pykz 840345 840343 2026-05-26T21:47:34Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330420689|Emmanuel Osuigwe]]" 840345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Osuigwe''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1952) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Emmanuel Osuigwe Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] acr4b1kwexh3h6fkhg6hpmwyy3ncu1l 840346 840345 2026-05-26T21:48:04Z Sardeeq 39275 840346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emmanuel Osuigwe''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1952) ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1980. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Emmanuel Osuigwe Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] fesue88ojpz821qw6qmtutyyt7ak5ti 0 149975 840438 832576 2026-05-27T09:34:16Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278664965|Muwiya Oshode]]" 840438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulumuwiya "Muwiya" Oshode''', wanda aka fi sani da laƙabinsa Lucky Boy (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1946) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] pzkrxywoodfymcnm96lj68p999p5aej 840439 840438 2026-05-27T09:35:04Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278664965|Muwiya Oshode]]" 840439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulumuwiya "Muwiya" Oshode''', wanda aka fi sani da laƙabinsa Lucky Boy (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1946) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Muwiya Oshode Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] lxpwbue3nub28c3iill3mhjisp686r5 840440 840439 2026-05-27T09:35:31Z Sardeeq 39275 840440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ulumuwiya "Muwiya" Oshode''', wanda aka fi sani da laƙabinsa Lucky Boy (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1946) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya. Ya fafata a gasar maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1968. [1]<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Muwiya Oshode Olympic Results". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2018.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] 7y3kvx213i4p4o7vhak358qcu8yxqql 0 150169 840377 833100 2026-05-27T01:30:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Javairô Joreno Faustino Dilrosun''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1998) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa]] a ƙungiyar Al Sadd ta Qatar Stars League . == Aikin kulob == === Aikin ƙuruciya === Dilrosun ya fara wasansa na matasa a shekarar 2006 a Ajax, kafin ya koma makarantar matasa ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila ta Manchester City a shekarar 2014. A shekarar 2016, an ɗaga shi zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta City wadda ke buga gasar Premier League 2. === Hertha BSC === [[Fayil:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(072).jpg|left|thumb|233x233px|Dilrosun tare da Hertha BSC a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 3 ga Mayu 2018, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus Hertha BSC ta sayi Dilrosun daga Manchester City don kakar wasa ta 2018-19 . Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu har zuwa 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Javairô Dilrosun |url=https://sport.bild.de/fussball/pe366383/javairo-dilrosun/profil/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190400/https://sport.bild.de/fussball/pe366383/javairo-dilrosun/profil/ |archive-date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=bild.de |publisher=[[Bild]] |language=German}}</ref> Dilrosun ya fara buga wasa a Hertha a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2018, inda ya maye gurbin Karim Rekik da ya ji rauni a wasan Bundesliga da Schalke 04. Ya taimaka wa Ondrej Duda a minti na 15 don zura kwallon farko ta Hertha, inda wasan ya kare a matsayin nasara 2-0 a waje. Dilrosun ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Bundesliga a wasan da ya biyo baya, inda ya fara zura kwallo ga Hertha a minti na 61 bayan fara wasan da VfL Wolfsburg a ranar 15 ga Satumba, wanda ya kare a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 a waje. ==== Aron zuwa Bordeaux ==== A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2021, Dilrosun ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro zuwa kulob din [[Ligue 1]] na Bordeaux na tsawon kakar wasa tare da zabin siyan sa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gjerulff |first=Rune |date=1 September 2021 |title=Official: Hertha ship Redan and Dilrosun out on loan |url=https://bulinews.com/news/9863/official-hertha-ship-redan-and-dilrosun-out-loan |access-date=12 June 2022 |website=Bulinews.com}}</ref> Duk da haka, ba a sanya rancen nasa na dindindin ba, kuma ya tafi a karshen kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Prêt terminé pour cinq bordelais |trans-title=Loan ended for five Bordelais |url=https://www.girondins.com/en/news/34388/loan-spells-come-to-an-end-for-five-girondins-players |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204122353/https://www.girondins.com/en/news/34388/loan-spells-come-to-an-end-for-five-girondins-players |archive-date=4 December 2022 |access-date=12 June 2022 |publisher=[[FC Girondins de Bordeaux]] |language=fr}}</ref> === Feyenoord === A ranar 11 ga Yuli 2022, ƙungiyar Feyenoord ta Eredivisie ta sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu da Dilrosun. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2022 |title=Feyenoord heeft Dilrosun binnen |trans-title=Feyenoord brings in Dilrosun |url=https://www.vi.nl/nieuws/feyenoord-heeft-dilrosun-binnen |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Agusta 2022, Dilrosun ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a wasansa na farko a hukumance a ƙungiyar, inda ya zura ƙwallon Feyenoord ta uku a wasan da suka yi nasara a kan Vitesse da ci 5-2 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Feyenoord komt vroege achterstand te boven en walst dankzij debutanten over Vitesse heen |trans-title=Feyenoord responds to early disadvantage and demolishes Vitesse thanks to debutants |url=https://www.rijnmond.nl/nieuws/1534676/feyenoord-komt-vroege-achterstand-te-boven-en-walst-dankzij-debutanten-over-vitesse-heen |access-date=7 August 2022 |language=Dutch}}</ref> === Kulob ɗin Amurka === A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu 2024, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Mexico América ta cimma yarjejeniya da Feyenoord don siyan Dilrosun. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2024 |title=America announces signing of Javairo Dilrosun |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/liga-mx/2024/02/02/65bd59ade2704ef0368b456e.html |publisher=Marca}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2026, Dilrosun ya rabu ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta juna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-18 |title=Official: Javairo Dilrosun leaves Club América |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/official-javairo-dilrosun-leaves-club-america-42224126 |access-date=2026-01-18 |website=OneFootball |language=en}}</ref> ==== Aron zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Los Angeles FC ==== A ranar 11 ga Yunin 2025, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Los Angeles FC ta sanar da ɗaukar Dilrosun a matsayin aro har zuwa 24 ga Yulin 2025, tare da zaɓin siyan sa. An kammala yarjejeniyar a lokacin musayar 'yan wasa na musamman na FIFA don gasar cin kofin duniya ta Club World Cup daga 1-10 ga Yunin 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LAFC Acquires Javairô Dilrosun On Loan From Mexico’s Club América &#124; Los Angeles Football Club |url=https://www.lafc.com/volunteer-corps/news/lafc-acquires-javairo-dilrosun-on-loan-from-mexico-s-club-america |website=LAFC }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Yuli, ƙungiyar LAFC ta yanke shawarar kin amincewa da zaɓin siyan, kuma Dilrosun ya koma Club América. ==== Al Sadd ==== A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2026, Dilrosun ya koma ƙungiyar Qatar Stars League ta Al Sadd . <ref>{{Cite web |title=السد يضم الهولندي ديلروسون |url=https://al-sharq.com/article/09/02/2026/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86 |website=sharq.com}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu, 2026 Javairo Dilrosun ya fara buga wasa a gasar zakarun AFC a kakar wasa ta AFC Champions League da ƙungiyar Al-Ittihad (Jeddah) . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Dilrosun ya fara wasansa na matasa a ƙasashen waje da Netherlands a watan Afrilun 2013, inda ya fara wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 inda ya buga wasanni huɗu kuma ya zura kwallaye sau ɗaya. [1] [2] [3] [4] A ranar 29 ga Oktoban 2013, ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da Belgium, inda ya zira kwallaye 6 a wasanni 10 da ya buga wa ƙungiyar. [5] A ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zira kwallaye 5 bayan fara wasa a watan Satumban 2014 da Jamus . [6] Dilrosun ya fara buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 wasa a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 2015 da Italiya, inda ya ci kwallaye 2 a wasanni 15. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Javairô Dilrosun: Jeugd mannen onder 19 |trans-title=Javairô Dilrosun: Youth under-19 men |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185189/speler/274 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902174843/https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185189/speler/274 |archive-date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=onsoranje.nl |publisher=[[Royal Dutch Football Association]] |language=Dutch}}</ref> Ya kuma buga wasanni sau biyu a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 a watan Nuwamba, 2015, inda ya buga wasa da Jamus da Turkiyya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2015 |title=Nederland O18 1–0 Duitsland O18 |trans-title=Netherlands U18 1–0 Germany U18 |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185190/uitslagen/wedstrijd/21198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616173314/http://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185190/uitslagen/wedstrijd/21198 |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=onsoranje.nl |publisher=[[Royal Dutch Football Association]] |language=Dutch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2015 |title=Nederland O18 0–0 Turkije O18 |trans-title=Netherlands U18 0–0 Turkey U18 |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185190/uitslagen/wedstrijd/21194 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616222252/http://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185190/uitslagen/wedstrijd/21194 |archive-date=16 June 2017 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=onsoranje.nl |publisher=[[Royal Dutch Football Association]] |language=Dutch}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga Maris 2018, ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta ƙasar Holland wasa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-3 a hannun Jamhuriyar Czech . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Javairô Dilrosun: Jeugd mannen beloftenelftal |trans-title=Javairô Dilrosun: Youth promises team men |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/206598/speler/274 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902174853/https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/206598/speler/274 |archive-date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=onsoranje.nl |publisher=[[Royal Dutch Football Association]] |language=Dutch}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, Dilrosun ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 da Bolivia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Javairô Dilrosun: Jong Oranje |trans-title=Javairô Dilrosun: Young Orange |url=https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185185/speler/274 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902174900/https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185185/speler/274 |archive-date=2 September 2018 |access-date=2 September 2018 |website=onsoranje.nl |publisher=[[Royal Dutch Football Association]] |language=Dutch}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2018, ya fara buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a wasan UEFA Nations League A na 2018–19 da Jamus, inda ya maye gurbin [[Ryan Babel]] da ya ji rauni a minti na 45, kafin a sauya shi da kansa, shi ma saboda rauni, mintuna 20 bayan hutun rabin lokaci na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2018 |title=Germany v Netherlands game report |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefanationsleague/match/2024030--germany-vs-netherlands/ |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2024, Dilrosun ya sanar da aniyarsa ta bugawa Suriname wasa a gabanin [[2026 FIFA World Cup|gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2026]] ta hanyar neman sauyi sau ɗaya zuwa [[FIFA]], wanda ya fara aiwatar da hakan a watan Yunin 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Javairo Dilrosun ‘renuncia’ a Países Bajos para jugar en CONCACAF: El americanista representaría a Surinam |url=https://www.foxsports.com.mx/2024/09/24/javairo-dilrosun-renuncia-paises-bajos-jugara-concacaf-surinam-rival-mexico/ |website=FoxSports.com.mx |language=es}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Dilrosun a [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands, kuma asalinsa ɗan asalin Afro-Surinam ne. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 19 July 2025}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/javairo-dilrosun/376321/ |title=Netherlands – J. Dilrosun – Profile with news, career statistics and history |website=Soccerway |publisher=[[Perform Group]] |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[DFB-Pokal]], [[Coupe de France]], [[KNVB Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Manchester City EDS |2017–18 | colspan="3" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL Trophy]]}} |0 |2 |0 |- |Hertha BSC II |2018–19 |Regionalliga Nordost |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |Hertha BSC |2018–19 |Bundesliga |17 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |2 |- |2019–20 |Bundesliga |23 |4 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |4 |- |2020–21 |Bundesliga |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |13 |0 |- |2021–22 |Bundesliga |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !54 !6 !5 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !59 !6 |- |Bordeaux (loan) |2021–22 |[[Ligue 1]] |32 |2 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Feyenoord |2022–23 |Eredivisie |31 |5 |4 |0 |8{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |43 |5 |- |2023–24 |Eredivisie |8 |1 |2 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Johan Cruijff Shield]]}} |0 |12 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !39 !6 !6 !0 !9 !0 !1 !0 !55 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |América |2023–24 |Liga MX |15 |1 | colspan="2" |— |5{{Efn|Appearances in [[CONCACAF Champions Cup]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |20 |1 |- |2024–25 |Liga MX |26 |1 | colspan="2" |— |1[f] |0 |5{{Efn|One appearance and one goal in [[Campeón de Campeones]], two appearances in [[Leagues Cup]], one appearance in [[Campeones Cup]], one appearance in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}} |1 |32 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !41 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !6 !0 !5 !1 !52 !3 |- |LAFC (loan) |2025 |MLS |6 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in FIFA Club World Cup}} |0 |8 |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !176 !18 !13 !1 !15 !0 !10 !1 !214 !20 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] om62bzbeiwhsw0fpy9h09tpve25pcw7 0 150561 840300 834165 2026-05-26T17:24:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Issam El Maach''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2001) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] a ƙungiyar Eredivisie ta Twente . <ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|issam-el-maach/506880}}</ref> An haife shi a Netherlands, yana wakiltar [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|Morocco]] a matakin matasa na duniya. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === An haife shi a Heerlen kuma ya girma a Helmond ga iyayensa 'yan [[Moroko|Morocco]], El Maach ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ƙungiyar RKSV MULO ta gida kafin a ɗauke shi zuwa ƙungiyar matasa ta VVV-Venlo . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2017 |title=Ajax contracteert Heerlense doelman |url=https://www.1limburg.nl/ajax-contracteert-heerlense-doelman |website=1 Limburg}}</ref> A shekarar 2016 ya koma makarantar matasa ta SBV Vitesse, inda aka yi masa bincike kuma ya shiga Ajax Youth Academy shekara guda bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ajax contracteert Isaam El Maach |url=https://www.ajax.nl/streams/actueel/ajax-contracteert-issam-el-maach-.htm |website=Ajax.nl}}</ref> === Ajax === El Maach ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da Ajax a shekarar 2017 tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara. [1] Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar reserves Jong Ajax a gasar Eerste Division a ranar 18 ga Janairu 2018 a wasan da suka sha kashi 4-1 a hannun RKC Waalwijk . Jong Ajax ya ƙare kakar wasa a matsayin zakaran rukuni na biyu, inda ya zama ƙungiyar reserves ta farko da ta lashe gasar tun bayan ƙaddamar da ƙungiyoyin reserves a ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Netherlands. [2] Ya fara buga wa ƙungiyarsa ta farko wasa a ranar 11 ga Janairun 2019 a wasan sada zumunci da ƙungiyar Flamengo ta Brazil a gasar cin kofin Florida . A ranar 26 ga Yuni 2020, an sanar da cewa ba za a tsawaita kwangilar El Maach ba, wanda hakan zai sa ya cancanci neman sabuwar ƙungiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2020 |title=Exit El Maach en Van Leer bij Ajax |url=https://www.1limburg.nl/exit-el-maach-en-van-leer-bij-ajax |publisher=1 Limburg |language=Dutch}}</ref> === RKC Waalwijk === A kan 14 Yuli 2021, El Maach ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda tare da kulob din Eredivisie RKC Waalwijk . === Twente === A ranar 25 ga Yuli 2022, El Maach ya koma Twente kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu, tare da zaɓin ƙarin shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=El Maach tekent contract bij FC Twente |url=https://www.fctwente.nl/nieuws/el-maach-tekent-contract/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=FC Twente |language=nl}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Janairun 2025, ya koma Roda JC a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2024-25 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 January 2025 |title=Roda JC huurt doelman El Maach van FC Twente |url=https://www.rodajckerkrade.nl/nieuwsbericht/07-01-2025/roda-jc-huurt-doelman-el-maach-van-fc-twente |publisher=Roda JC |access-date=11 May 2026 |archive-date=25 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325183722/https://www.rodajckerkrade.nl/nieuwsbericht/07-01-2025/roda-jc-huurt-doelman-el-maach-van-fc-twente |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 12 a lokacin zaman aronsa kafin ya koma Twente a watan Yulin 2025 bayan da kulob din ya yi amfani da zabin tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2025 |title=Roda JC neemt afscheid van verschillende spelers |url=https://www.rodajckerkrade.nl/nieuwsbericht/13-05-2025/roda-jc-neemt-afscheid-van-verschillende-spelers-en-stafleden |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609184217/https://www.rodajckerkrade.nl/nieuwsbericht/13-05-2025/roda-jc-neemt-afscheid-van-verschillende-spelers-en-stafleden |archive-date=9 June 2025 |access-date=20 January 2026 |website=Roda JC Kerkrade |language=nl}}</ref> === HJK Helsinki (gwaji) === A ranar 20 ga Janairun 2026, kulob din HJK Helsinki na Finland ya sanar da cewa El Maach ya shiga kungiyar ne bisa gwaji. Ya buga wa kulob din wasa a ranar a wasan [[2026 Liigacup|Liigacup na 2026]] da IFK Mariehamn . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2026 |title=Testipelaaja Issam El Maach vartioi HJK:n maalia Mariehamnia vastaan |url=https://www.hjk.fi/artikkelit/miehet/testipelaaja-issam-el-maach-vartioi-hjkn-maalia-mariehamnia-vastaan/ |access-date=20 January 2026 |website=hjk.fi |publisher=HJK Helsinki |language=Finnish }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == El Maach matashi ne ɗan ƙasar [[Moroko|Morocco]], bayan ya wakilci ƙasar a matakin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23. Ya kuma buga wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ta Netherlands a wasan sada zumunci a shekarar 2017. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] fv79jsbwm34uizgir0sefy86glqojr2 0 150685 840419 834461 2026-05-27T07:51:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Ji So-yun''' ( Korean , ; an haife ta a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1991) ƙwararriyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce ta Koriya ta Kudu wadda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar WK League Suwon FC da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Koriya ta Kudu . Ita ce ƙwararriyar ƙwallaye a tarihin Koriya ta Kudu, tare da kwallaye 75. <ref name="various_records">{{Cite web |script-title=ko:각종기록 |trans-title=Various records |url=http://www.kfa.or.kr/archive/etc_record.php |access-date=8 May 2019 |publisher=KFA |language=ko}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Ji ta girma a Imun-dong, Seoul, inda ta zauna a gidajen da gwamnati ke tallafawa tare da mahaifiyarta, Kim Ae-ri, da ƙanenta. <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Ko |first=Sang-min |date=27 July 2010 |title='지똥이' 지소연, 시련 넘고 '지메시'로 우뚝 |trans-title='Little Ji' Ji So-yun overcomes hardships to stand tall as 'Ji Messi' |url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20100726210100007 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |language=ko}}</ref> Iyayenta sun rabu lokacin da take makarantar firamare. <ref name=":14" /> An gano mahaifiyar Ji tana da cutar kansar mahaifa wanda aka yi mata tiyata a shekarar 2002, kuma ta sami magani don ciwon daji na mahaifa da ciwon da ke damunta, wanda hakan ya tilasta mata barin aiki. <ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Min-ju |date=1 September 2010 |title=대한민국 여자축구의 새 역사를 쓴 지소연의 어머니 김애리씨 |trans-title=Kim Ae-ri, mother of Ji So-yun who is writing a new chapter in the history of Korean women's football |url=https://lady.khan.co.kr/issue/article/201009031353351 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Lady Kyunghyang |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=On |first=Nu-ri |date=27 July 2010 |title=지소연, "엄마 찜질방 딸린 집 꼭 사줄게" |trans-title=Ji So-yun, "I'll buy my mom a house with a sauna" |url=https://v.daum.net/v/20100727095603979?f=p |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Ilgan Sports |language=ko |via=Daum}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, iyalan sun sami fa'idodin gwamnati kuma sun sha wahala a fannin kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Se-hun |date=18 July 2010 |title=‘여자 메시’ 지소연의 원동력은 ‘엄마’ |trans-title=The driving force behind 'female Messi' Ji So-yun? "Mom" |url=https://www.khan.co.kr/article/201007181757585 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Kyunghyang Shinmun |language=ko}}</ref> Lokacin da asalin dangin Ji ya bayyana a bainar jama'a daga baya, ta sami tallafi daga Ofishin 'Yan Sanda na Dongdaemun da Ofishin Gundumar Dongdaemun . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Park |first=Jin-young |date=10 August 2010 |title="우리區 자랑 지소연 선수 힘내라고 성금 모아" |trans-title="Let's raise money to help Ji So-yun, the pride of our district" |url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/08/10/2010081000033.html |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ko |first=Hee-chul |date=9 August 2010 |title=‘지메시’가 경찰서에 간 이유는? |trans-title=Why did 'Ji Messi' go to the police station? |url=https://vop.co.kr/A00000310826.html |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Voice of the People |language=ko}}</ref> Iyayen Ji, musamman mahaifinta, da farko sun ƙi ta neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2014 |title=Footballer Ji So-yun: "Even if I were born again, I’d still play football." |url=https://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/People/view?articleId=117822 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=korea.net}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Hyung-jun |date=19 January 2015 |title=엄마의 찜질방을 위해… '지메시' 더 독하게 뛴다 |trans-title='Ji Messi' runs earnestly... to buy a sauna for her mom |url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201501191585386423 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=[[Hankook Ilbo]] |language=ko}}</ref> Duk da haka, mai shagon bunsik na gida ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi wasa. <ref name=":182">{{Cite web |last=Kwon |first=Young-han |date=29 October 2006 |title=지소연, "내 꿈은 여자 지단"...현란한 개인기 눈길 |trans-title=Ji So-yun: "My dream is to be the female Zidane"... a glimpse at her impressive skillset |url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2006/10/29/2006102960143.html |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Song |first=Ho-jin |date=1 December 2006 |title=지소연, 15살 소녀의 반란 |trans-title=Ji So-yun: a 15-year-old girl's rebellion |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/sports/soccer/175639.html |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Hani |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Seo-jeong |date=11 August 2010 |title=‘지메시’ 지소연 "축구, 분식집 아저씨 덕에 시작" |trans-title='Ji Messi' Ji So-yun: "I started playing football thanks to the bunsik guy" |url=https://m.go.seoul.co.kr/news/entertainments/2010/08/11/20100811603068?cp=nownews |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Now News |language=ko}}</ref> A matsayinta na 'yar makarantar sakandare, Ji ta shiga cikin wani faɗa inda 'yan wasa daga Oju suka yi wa wata yarinya 'yar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta abokan hamayyarta duka. <ref name=":14"/> Iyalan Ji suna ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda dole ne su biya diyya. <ref name=":0"/> Mahaifiyarta ta ambaci wannan lamari a matsayin wani lokaci mai ban mamaki ga Ji, wadda ta ƙuduri aniyar tallafa wa iyalinta ta hanyar buga ƙwallon ƙafa maimakon ƙara musu nauyin kuɗi. <ref name=":0" /> == Aikin ƙuruciya == A shekarar 1998, lokacin da Ji take aji biyu a makarantar firamare ta Imun, ta jawo hankalin koci Kim Kwang-yeol, wanda ya ba ta shawarar ta shiga makarantar koyon ƙwallon ƙafa ta makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jang |first=Chi-hyuk |date=15 March 2008 |title=남자들과 경기 땐 ‘지기 싫다’ 오기 샘솟아 |trans-title=When I play with the boys, I "hate losing" |url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/3075281 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=The JoongAng |language=ko}}</ref> Kim ta yi tunanin cewa namiji ne kuma ta fahimci cewa yarinya ce kawai lokacin da ya ga lambar rajistar mazauninta a kan fom ɗin neman aiki, amma ta ɗauke shi a matsayin ɓata baiwar Ji idan ba za ta iya yin wasa ba, don haka ta gayyace ta ta buga wa ƙungiyar maza wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeon |first=Young-ji |date=21 May 2015 |title='지메시'지소연의 평발,기적을 꿈꾼다 |trans-title='Ji Messi' flat footed Ji So-yun dreams of a miracle |url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/05/23/2015052300416.html |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |language=ko}}</ref> Ji ita ce kaɗai mace a cikin ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2021 |title=10 questions with... Ji So-yun |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/10-questions-with----ji-so-yun |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Chelsea FC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2021 |title=뭉쳐야 찬다 지소연 나이 서른, 첼시 FC 위민 소속 연봉 1억 |trans-title=We have to play together: Ji So-yun, 30, earns 1bn salary at Chelsea FC Women |url=https://www.kihoilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=868195 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Kiho Ilbo |language=ko}}</ref> Ta bayyana a shirin talabijin ''na Let’s Go!'' ''Dream Team'' wanda ya ga ɗaliban makarantar firamare suna fafatawa da ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a bugun fenariti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Yun-hee |date=19 June 2015 |title=10살 막내였던 지소연, 이제는 '드림팀' 이끈다 |trans-title=Ji So-yun goes from 10-year-old maknae to leading the 'dream team' |url=https://daily.hankooki.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=257619 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Daily Hankook |language=ko}}</ref> Ko da a lokacin da take aji biyar, ana yawan saka ta a cikin 'yan wasa na farko na Imun tare da manyan yara maza, kuma masu horarwa suna ɗaukarta a matsayin wacce ta fi takwarorinta maza shekaru da yawa, babu ɗayansu da ya ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ƙafa a sana'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kang |first=Kyung-rok |date=27 July 2010 |title=한국여자축구의 메시아 지소연, 그는 누구인가? |trans-title=Who is Ji So-yun, the Messi of Korean women's football? |url=https://www.asiae.co.kr/article/2010072712023362322&mobile=Y |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Asia Economy |language=ko }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan kammala karatun firamare, Ji ta sami damar bugawa ƙungiyar 'yan mata fitattu yayin da ta halarci Makarantar Tsakiya ta Oju a Gundumar Songpa da ke Seoul, inda Choi In-cheol ta kasance mai horar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2010 |title=지소연, 지독한 가난 딛고 ‘희망골 쐈다’ |trans-title=Ji So-yun overcomes poverty to score 'goal of hope' |url=https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/pc/view/view.do?ncd=2134521 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=KBS News |language=ko}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba ta sami suna a matsayin mafi kyawun baiwar da ta fito a ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Koriya ta Kudu, inda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ga Oju yayin da ƙungiyar ta lashe gasa tara a jere a cikin gida, kuma ta cimma rikodin wasanni 60 ba tare da an doke ta ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeon |first=Jong-hwi |date=31 July 2005 |title=오주중 여자축구부 9개대회 연속 무패우승 |trans-title=Oju Middle School girls' football academy win nine consecutive tournaments unbeaten |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/sports/soccer/53972.html |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Hani |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oh |first=Dae-yeol |date=22 April 2015 |title=한국 여자 축구의 간판스타 지소연 |trans-title=Korea women's fotoball star Ji So-yun |url=https://www.chosun.com/kid/kid_literacy/kid_sisanews/2015/04/21/AQDIAO4KIH2QT46EBSIUPER7VA/ |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=[[Chosun Ilbo]] |language=ko}}</ref> Choi In-cheol ta bar Oju a shekarar 2004 don jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan mata a Makarantar Sakandaren Industry ta Dongsan (a da tana Makarantar Sakandaren Industry ta Wirye), kuma bayan kammala karatunta na sakandare Ji ta biyo shi can a shekarar 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Dong-wook |date=27 July 2010 |title=한달에 한두번 집에…女축구에 미친 10년 |trans-title=Only going home once or twice a month... a crazy ten years for women's football |url=https://www.donga.com/news/Sports/article/all/20100727/30133651/1 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=[[Dong-a Ilbo]] |language=ko}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, Ji ta zama shahararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ta taɓa wakiltar Koriya ta Kudu a matakin manya. <ref name=":182"/> Bayan rawar da ta taka a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, an zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ta taɓa wakiltar Koriya ta Kudu a matakin manya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=An |first=Kyung-hwan |date=28 October 2007 |title=이운재 AFC 올해의 선수 후보 |trans-title=Lee Un-jae shortlisted for AFC Player of the Year |url=https://www.kgnews.co.kr/news/article.html?no=150933 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Gyeonggi Shinmun |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Yong-seok |date=28 June 2007 |title=지소연 AFC 올해의 신인상 후보에 |trans-title=Ji So-yun shortlisted for AFC New Player of the Year Award |url=https://sports.khan.co.kr/article/200706282027303 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Sports Kyunghyang |language=ko}}</ref> Ji ta kasance fitacciyar 'yar wasa a ƙungiyar makarantar sakandare, inda ta zira kwallaye a wasanni masu mahimmanci, ciki har da wasan ƙarshe na Gasar Cin Kofin Bazara ta 2008, inda Dongsan ta doke Makarantar Sakandare ta Hyundai da ci 3-0. <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Hur |first=Kwang-moo |date=10 April 2008 |title=현대 청운중 전국 최정상 우뚝 |trans-title=Hyundai Chungeun Middle School are best in country |url=https://www.ksilbo.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=212665 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Gyeongsang Ilbo |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Tae-seok |date=9 April 2008 |title=동산정보고-현대청운중, 춘계연맹전 우승 |trans-title=Dongsan I.C.T. High School, Hyundai Chungeun Middle School victorious at Spring KWFF Championship |url=https://www.besteleven.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=1031 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Best Eleven |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Young-mi |date=11 April 2008 |title=여자축구연맹전 여고부 동산정보산업고 우승 |trans-title=KWFF Tournament: Dongsan I.C.T. High School win U-18 division |url=https://www.gjon.com/news/articleViewAmp.html?idxno=13089 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Gangjin Shinmun |language=ko}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye huɗu daga cikin kwallayen Dongsan a wasan ƙarshe na bikin ƙwallon ƙafa na 'yan mata na Chunghakgi na 2008, wanda ya sa ƙungiyar ta doke Makarantar Sakandare ta Incheon Design da ci 7-1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choi |first=Myung-jin |date=25 June 2008 |title=인천디자인고, 청학기 여중고축구 준우승 |trans-title=Incheon Design High School runners-up at Chunghakgi Girls' Football Festival |url=https://www.joongboo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=274672 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Joongbo Ilbo |language=ko}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ce ta zama mace ta farko da ta buga wasa a Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Hong Myung-bo, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin 'yan wasa na '1990'. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Young-hwan |date=24 December 2008 |title=홍명보, 그라운드 산타로 선물 몰고 온다 |trans-title=Hong Myung-bo brings gifts as Santa of the pitch |url=https://www.edaily.co.kr/News/Read?newsId=01161126586641800&mediaCodeNo=258 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=E Daily |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2008 |title=성탄절 상암벌에 '축구산타' 달린다 |trans-title='Football stars' at Sangam for Christmas |url=https://news.sbs.co.kr/news/endPage.do?news_id=N1000519549 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=SBS News |language=ko}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Park |first=Min-young |date=15 December 2008 |title=홍명보·황선홍·지소연 "우리는 축구 산타" |trans-title=Hong Myung-bo, Hwang Seon-hong, Ji So-yun "we are the football Santas" |url=https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HQS2Z81HP |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Seoul Economic Daily |language=ko}}</ref> Yayin da ta kai ƙarshen aikinta na makarantar sakandare, Ji ta yi tunanin shiga ƙwallon ƙafa kai tsaye amma ta yanke shawarar zuwa kwaleji don ci gaba da haɓaka a matsayin 'yar wasa kafin ta sanya hannu da kulob. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Du-yong |date=14 January 2009 |title=여자축구 천재 지소연 |trans-title=Women's football genius Ji So-yun |url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/200901140045980176 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=Hankook Ilbo |language=ko}}</ref> Ta samu sha'awar shiga jami'a daga kungiyoyi da dama amma Choi In-cheol ta ƙarfafa ta ta je kwaleji, wani ɓangare na hakan ne don kare ta daga cece-kuce da kuma jan hankalin kafofin watsa labarai da suka kewaye Park Eun-sun lokacin da ta sanya hannu kai tsaye da Seoul City daga makarantar sakandare 'yan shekaru da suka gabata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jang |first=Hye-soo |date=21 April 2007 |title='여자축구 샛별 지소연 지키기' |trans-title='Protecting the new star of women's football, Ji So-yun' |url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/2701860 |access-date=14 January 2026 |website=[[The JoongAng]] |language=ko}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == [[Fayil:Ji_So-yun_2014_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|240x240px|Ji tare da Chelsea a shekarar 2014]] Ji ta daɗe tana fatan yin wasa a Amurka amma idan ta yi la'akari da yiwuwar komawa ƙungiyar da ke da haɗari, ta yanke shawarar sanya hannu kan kwangila da ƙungiyar Nadeshiko League ta INAC Kobe Leonessa, wadda da farko ta shiga ƙungiyar na tsawon shekara ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yoon |first=Chul |date=1 December 2010 |title=Ji signs with Japanese club |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/sports/20101201/ji-signs-with-japanese-club |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=Korea Times}}</ref> Ji ta buga wa INAC Kobe wasa na tsawon shekaru uku, inda ta buga wasanni 48 kuma ta zura kwallaye 21 jimilla, wanda hakan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe gasar Nadeshiko League sau uku a jere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2014 |title=Ji So-yun signs with English club Chelsea Ladies |url=https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=100129 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=KBS World}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2025 |title=Ji Soyun: My journey is far from over |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/brazil-2027/articles/ji-soyun-seattle-reign-womens-world-cup-2027 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=FIFA}}</ref> An sanya mata suna a cikin 'Mafi Kyawun 11' na gasar a 2012 da 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim |first=Su-hyun |date=12 November 2013 |title=지소연, 일본여자 축구리그 2년 연속 베스트 11 |trans-title=Ji So-yun named in Japanese women's football league best 11 for two years in a row |url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20131112055200007 |access-date=13 January 2026 |website=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |language=ko}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2013, Ji ta fuskanci tayin canja wuri daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila Chelsea . <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2013 |title=Chelsea Ladies FC interested in signing Ji So-yeon |url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=153740 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001839/http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=153740 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=30 November 2013 |publisher=Arirang}}</ref> Ta amince da kwangilar shekaru biyu a watan Janairun 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2014 |title=Korean footballer Ji So-yun to sign two-year deal with Chelsea Ladies |url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=155552 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723003719/http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=155552 |archive-date=23 July 2018 |access-date=3 January 2014 |publisher=Arirang}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tabbatar da canja wurin a hukumance daga baya a wannan watan, manajan Chelsea Emma Hayes ta ce game da Ji: "Ita ce ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan tsakiya a duniya kuma magoya bayanmu za su so ta." <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2014 |title=Chelsea Ladies sign South Korean midfielder Ji So-Yun |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25924825 |access-date=30 January 2014 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ɗaya daga cikin wasanninta na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Japan, Ji ta zira ƙwallo a kan sabuwar ƙungiyar da za ta zama sabuwar ƙungiyar, Chelsea, a wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin mata ta duniya . An nada Ji a matsayin 'yar wasan shekara ta 'yan wasa bayan kakar wasa ta farko a Ingila, yayin da Chelsea ta rasa kofin FA WSL 1 a ranar karshe ta kakar wasa. An nada ta a matsayin 'yar wasan shekara ta PFA ta mata a watan Afrilun 2015, kuma an nada ta a cikin kungiyar PFA WSL ta shekara . <ref name="awards2015v2">{{Cite web |date=27 April 2015 |title=Chelsea midfielder Ji So-yun is the PFA Women's Player of the Year |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9825217/chelsea-midfielder-ji-so-yun-is-the-pfa-womens-player-of-the-year |access-date=27 April 2015 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> A wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin mata na FA na 2015, wanda aka gudanar a [[filin wasa na Wembley]] a karon farko, Ji ta zira ƙwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da ta lashe kofin ga Chelsea. A watan Oktoba na 2015 ta kuma zira ƙwallo a wasan da Chelsea ta doke Sunderland da ci 4-0 wanda ya tabbatar da nasarar ƙungiyar a gasar FA WSL 1 ta farko da kuma gasar lig da kofin sau biyu . Bayan ta shafe shekaru takwas a Chelsea, Ji ta bar ƙungiyar bayan kakar wasa ta 2021-22. Ta buga wasanni sama da 200 kuma ta zura kwallaye 68 a dukkan gasannin, sannan ta lashe kofuna shida na gasar lig, kofunan FA guda huɗu, kofunan lig guda biyu, da kuma Community Shield guda ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2022 |title=Ji So-yun makes final appearance in a Chelsea shirt as club wins FA Cup final |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2022/05/16/sports/football/Ji-Soyun-Chelsea-FA-Cup/20220516153330687.html |access-date=17 May 2022 |website=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]] |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2022, Ji ta koma ƙasarta ta koma ƙungiyar WK League Suwon FC, wacce ita ce ƙungiyar farko da ta fara buga wasa a wata ƙungiyar Koriya ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2022 |title=Ex-Chelsea FC Women star Ji So-yun signs with S. Korean club Suwon |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220524004600315 |access-date=24 May 2022 |website=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |language=en}}</ref> A wasanta na farko a gasar WK League a ranar 18 ga Agusta 2022, ta zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-0 a kan Boeun Sangmu . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2022 |script-title=ko:월드클래스의 강림, 지소연 수원FC '데뷔전 멀티골' |url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/sports/soccer/1055338.html |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=[[The Hankyoreh]] |language=ko}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa Suwon ta kai wasan ƙarshe a gasar WK League ta 2023, kuma ta zura kwallaye biyu a wasan farko da suka yi nasara da ci 3-1 a kan Incheon Hyundai Steel Red Angels . Duk da ƙoƙarinta, ƙungiyar ta sha kashi da ci 7-5 a jimilla bayan zagaye na biyu. A ranar 24 ga Janairu 2024, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa Seattle Reign FC ta sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu a kakar wasa ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2024 |title=Seattle Reign FC Signs South Korean Midfielder Ji So-Yun |url=https://www.reignfc.com/news/seattle-reign-fc-signs-south-korean-midfielder-ji-so-yun |access-date=24 January 2024 |publisher=Seattle Reign FC}}</ref> Bayan ta shafe shekaru biyu tana aiki da Reign, ciki har da aro a kulob din Women's Super League 2 na Birmingham City, Ji ta sake komawa tsohuwar kulob dinta Suwon FC a watan Janairun 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2026 |title=Suwon FC Women Re-Sign South Korea's Top Female Footballer Ji So-yun |url=https://www.chosun.com/english/sports-en/2026/01/06/O3KTD627XBGQNJ77UHGTKKVCLQ/ |access-date=7 January 2026 |website=[[The Chosun Daily]]}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ji ta buga wa ' yan ƙasa da shekara 17 na Koriya ta Kudu wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta AFC ta 2007 da kuma Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2008. Ta zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni huɗu a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17. <ref name="caps">{{Cite web |title=Ji So-yun |url=https://kfa.or.kr/archive/player_record.php?search_val=%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8C%EC%97%B0 |access-date=2025-04-03 |publisher=KFA |language=ko}}</ref> Ji ta shiga Jami'ar bazara ta 2009 lokacin da ta halarci Jami'ar Mata ta Hanyang . Ta lashe lambar zinare da kuma kyautar 'yar wasa mafi daraja a gasar. <ref name="kspo">{{Cite web |script-title=ko:제25회 베오그라드 하계유니버시아드대회 메달리스트 |url=https://gsic.sports.or.kr/com/cop/game/medalist_info.do?gameCode=127 |access-date=2025-04-03 |publisher=Korea Sports Promotion Foundation |language=ko}}</ref> <ref name="fifa15">{{Cite web |date=31 March 2019 |title=Chelsea's South Korean star eyes World Cup success |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/chelsea-s-south-korean-star-eyes-world-cup-success-2580684 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508094018/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/chelsea-s-south-korean-star-eyes-world-cup-success-2580684 |archive-date=2019-05-08 |access-date=8 May 2019 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Yayin da Ji take cikin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20, Koriya ta Kudu ta kare a matsayi na biyu a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta AFC ta 2009, sannan ta uku a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta FIFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 2010. Ta nuna iyawarta ta cin kwallaye a dukkan gasannin, inda ta zama 'yar wasa mafi zura kwallaye a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta AFC, kuma ta biyu a yawan zura kwallaye a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20, inda ta lashe kyautar Silver Ball da Silver Shoe a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20. <ref name="fifa15"/> A ranar 13 ga Yuni 2015, Ji ta zura kwallonta ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya da bugun fenariti a wasan rukuni na E da Costa Rica a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2015. Bayan ta kare a matsayi na biyu a rukunin E, Koriya ta Kudu ta kai matakin korar gasar cin kofin duniya a karon farko. Kafin wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin Asiya ta mata ta AFC ta 2022, Ji ta zira kwallaye huɗu a gasar, ciki har da wata muhimmiyar kwallo da ta ci Australia 1-0 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Ta kuma zira ƙwallon fenariti wadda ta bai wa Koriya ta Kudu nasara da ci 2-0 a hutun rabin lokaci a wasan ƙarshe da China . Koriya ta Kudu ta kusa lashe kofin ƙwallon ƙafa na farko na mata, amma wasan ƙarshe ya ƙare da rashin nasara da ci 3-2 bayan an ci ta kwallaye uku a rabin lokaci na biyu. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Empress's Cup]], [[Women's FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Nadeshiko League Cup]], [[FA Women's League Cup]] (FA WSL Cup)}} ! colspan="2" |Continental{{Efn|Includes [[UEFA Women's Champions League]]}} ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |INAC Kobe Leonessa |2011 |Nadeshiko League |16 |8 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |8 |- |2012 |Nadeshiko League |16 |4 |3 |0 |6 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |7 |- |2013 |Nadeshiko League |16 |9 |4 |6 |9 |3 | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[International Women's Club Championship]]}} |1 |31 |19 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !48 !21 !11 !6 !15 !6 ! colspan="2" |— !2 !1 !76 !34 |- | rowspan="10" |Chelsea |2014 |FA WSL 1 |12 |3 |2 |2 |5 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |19 |9 |- |2015 |FA WSL 1 |14 |5 |4 |3 |4 |2 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |26 |10 |- |2016 |FA WSL 1 |16 |5 |4 |5 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |23 |10 |- |2017 |FA WSL 1 |7 |4 |3 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |10 |6 |- |2017–18 |FA WSL 1 |14 |6 |3 |2 |5 |1 |6 |3 | colspan="2" |— |28 |12 |- |2018–19 |Women's Super League |17 |6 |3 |1 |2 |0 |8 |2 | colspan="2" |— |30 |9 |- |2019–20 |Women's Super League |13 |6 |2 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |19 |7 |- |2020–21 |Women's Super League |19 |2 |1 |0 |4 |0 |8 |1 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Women's FA Community Shield]]}} |0 |33 |3 |- |2021–22 |Women's Super League |12 |0 |4 |2 |1 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— |22 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !124 !37 !26 !17 !26 !8 !33 !6 !1 !0 !210 !68 |- | rowspan="3" |Suwon FC |2022 |WK League |5 |5 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearances in WK League play-offs}} |1 |6 |6 |- |2023 |WK League |18 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3[f] |2 |21 |5 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !23 !8 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !4 !3 !27 !11 |- | rowspan="3" |Seattle Reign FC |2024 |National Women's Soccer League |26 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup]]}} |0 |28 |3 |- |2025 |National Women's Soccer League |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !29 !4 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !2 !0 !31 !4 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !224 !70 !37 !23 !41 !14 !33 !6 !9 !4 !344 !117 |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==manazarta== bx1yhneignwcgu8guytdfckj5gsox2y 0 151043 840291 835362 2026-05-26T15:14:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Inji Aflatoun''' (wanda aka fi sani da Efflatoun, Larabci; 16 ga Afrilu 1924 - 17 ga Afrilu 1989 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Radwan |first=Nadia |title=Inji Efflatoun |url=http://www.encyclopedia.mathaf.org.qa/en/bios/Pages/Inji-Efflatoun.aspx |access-date=12 June 2017 |website=Mathaf Encyclopedia |publisher=Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127045100/http://www.encyclopedia.mathaf.org.qa/en/bios/Pages/Inji-Efflatoun.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>) ya kasance mai zane-zane kuma mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyar mata. Ta kasance "babban mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar Marxist-progressive-nationalist-feminist a ƙarshen 1940s da 1950s", da kuma "mai gabatarwa na fasahar Masar ta zamani" da kuma "ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na Masar". == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Aflatoun a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a shekara ta 1924 a cikin dangin Musulmi na gargajiya da ta bayyana a matsayin "semi-feudal da bourgeois", <ref name="LaDuke1992">{{Cite journal |last=LaDuke |first=Betty |year=1992 |title=Inji Efflatoun: Art, Feminism, and Politics in Egypt |journal=Art Education |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=33–41 |doi=10.2307/3193323 |issn=0004-3125 |jstor=3193323}}</ref> mahaifinta, Hassan Efflatoun, <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson-Goldie |first=Kaelen |date=2019 |title=Public/Private: The Many Lives of 'Rebel Painter' Inji Efflatoun |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/706135 |journal=Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry |language=en |volume=48 |pages=139 |doi=10.1086/706135 |issn=1465-4253 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta ne <ref name="LaDuke1989">{{Cite journal |last=LaDuke |first=Betty |year=1989 |title=Egyptian Painter Inji Efflatoun: The Merging of Art, Feminism, and Politics |journal=National Women's Studies Association Journal |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=474–493 |issn=1040-0656}}</ref> kuma mai mallakar ƙasa, sunansu na ƙarshe, ma'ana Plato, sunan laƙabi ne wanda ya maye gurbin sunan danginsu na asali na Kashef. Mahaifiyarta, Salha, ta saki Hassan tana da shekaru goma sha takwas kuma ta tayar da Inji da 'yar'uwarta Gulpérie.<ref name=":0" /> Ta kasance mai tsara tufafi da aka horar da ita a Faransa kuma ta yi aiki a kwamitin mata na Red Crescent Society na Masar. Sanin farko na Aflatoun game da jinsi da rashin daidaito na zamantakewa an tsara shi ne a wani bangare ta rayuwar mahaifiyarta, Salha Efflatoun . Ya yi aure yana da shekara goma sha huɗu kuma ya sake shi yana da shekara sha tara, a wannan shekarar ne aka haifi Inji. Salha ta fuskanci manyan kalubale na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. A shekara ta 1936, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kasuwa mata na farko na Masar ta hanyar kafa gidan kayan ado na farko na ƙasar, Maison Salha . Da goyon bayan mai kula da banki Talaat Harb, kasuwancin ya inganta kayan da aka samar a cikin gida kuma ya wakilci sabon samfurin 'yancin mata ta hanyar aiki mai kirkiro da tattalin arzikin kasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lenssen |first=Anneka |date=September 2016 |title=Inji Efflatoun: White Light |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/689806 |journal=Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry |language=en |volume=42 |pages=84–95 |doi=10.1086/689806 |issn=1465-4253 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Inji Aflatoun ya fara zuwa makaranta a makarantar Katolika Le Collège du Sacré-Coeur . <ref name=":0" /> A wannan makarantar ta ji an hana ta kuma ta fara lura da rashin adalci na zamantakewa cewa "babu ma daidaito a gaban Allah". A shekara goma sha huɗu ta koma wata makaranta inda ta gano Marxism a Lycée Français du Caire . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=LaDuke |first=Betty |date=1992 |title=Inji Efflatoun Art, Feminism, and Politics in Egypt |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3193323 |journal=Art Education |volume=45 |issue=2 |page=34 |doi=10.2307/3193323 |jstor=3193323 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Smith2000" /> A lokacin da take can an kuma fallasa ta ga dalibai na asali daban-daban kuma ta koyi game da juyin juya halin Faransa da mamayewar Napoleon na Masar kuma yana da tasiri ga manyan ɗalibai a Misira.<ref name=":1" /> Ta zama mai fafutuka a cikin ayyukanta kuma ta ƙara yin tambaya game da rarrabuwa tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta.<ref name=":1" /> A lokacin makaranta, Aflatoun tana son yin fenti kuma iyayenta sun ƙarfafa ta amma ta sami malamai na fasaha a makarantar ba su da ban sha'awa. <ref name="LaDuke1989" /><ref name=":1" /> Koyaya, a wannan lokacin an nuna aikinta ga mai zane Mahmoud Said wanda ya ƙarfafa mahaifiyarta ta ba ta malami.<ref name=":0" /> Ita ce malaminta na sirri, Kamel el-Telmissany, wanda ya gabatar da ita ga rayuwar da gwagwarmayar manoman Masar. <ref name="LaDuke1989" /> Al-Telmissany na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa 'Art and Freedom Group', ƙungiyar surrealist wacce za ta yi tasiri ga ci gaban Aflatoun a matsayin mai zane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian Surrealism |url=http://www.broombergchanarin.com/egyptian-surrealism-2 |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=Broomberg & Chanarin |language=en-US}}</ref> == Yunkurin fafutuka == A shekara ta 1942, ta shiga ''Iskra'', jam'iyyar matasa ta Kwaminisanci. Bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Jami'ar Alkahira|Jami'ar Fuad I]] da ke Alkahira tare da digiri a fannin falsafa, ta zama, tare da Latifa al-Zayyat, memba mai kafa a 1945 na ''Rabitat Fatayat a jami'a wa al ma' ahid'' (League of university and Institutes' Young Women). A shekara ta 1945 ta kuma yi kamfen don daidaita albashi da aiki ga mata kuma a wannan shekarar ta wakilci League a taron farko na Ƙungiyar Demokradiyyar Mata ta Duniya (WIDF) a Paris. <ref name="Smith2000" /><ref name=":132">{{Cite journal |last=Lenssen |first=Anneka |date=2016 |title=Inji Efflatoun: White Light |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26558059 |journal=Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry |volume=42 |pages=85 |doi=10.1086/689806 |issn=1465-4253 |jstor=26558059}}</ref> Ta kasance memba mai aiki na WIDF yayin da kungiyar ta taimaka wajen tura yarjejeniyar doka don karewa daga nuna bambanci ga mata. Ta rubuta Thamanun milyun imraa ma'ana (Mata Miliyan tamanin tare da Mu) a cikin 1948 kuma an kwace litattafan bayan an sake su duk da haka an sake rarraba su bayan Aflatoun ya kai karar Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida. Wannan aikin ya ba da labarin taron WIDF ya haɗa gwagwarmaya daban-daban da tsarin zalunci da kuma nuna ra'ayoyin kasa da kasa.<ref name=":9" /> Ta kuma rubuta Nahnu al-nisa al-misriyyat (Mu Mata Masarawa) a cikin 1949. Wadannan sanannun takardun siyasa sun haɗa aji da zalunci na jinsi, suna haɗa duka biyu da zalunci mai mulkin mallaka. <ref name="Smith2000" /><ref name="LaDuke1992"/> Ta kuma rubuta game da muhimmancin ilimi ga mata da rashin mata a matsayin malamai, da kuma magance batutuwan shugabanci a cikin "al'adu, dokoki, da al'adu" na Masar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kane |first=Patrick Matthew |date=2022 |title=Menhat Helmy and the Emergence of Egyptian Women Art Teachers and Artists in the 1950s |journal=Arts |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=2 |doi=10.3390/arts11050095 |issn=2076-0752 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sa'an nan a cikin 1949, ta zama memba mai kafa Majalisar Zaman Lafiya ta Farko ta Masar.<ref name="LaDuke1992" /> Ta shiga Harakat ansar al salam (Movement of the Friends of Peace) a cikin 1950. <ref name="Goldschmidt2000" /> A cikin 1950 ta kuma kirkiro da rarraba litattafai don zaɓen mata.<ref name=":132" /> A shekara ta 1951 ta kafa majalisar mata game da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a Misira don tallafawa adawa da makamai da shirya takunkumi. Ta kuma kirkiro zane-zane a wannan lokacin wanda ya nuna cutar da mulkin mallaka ya haifar musamman ga mata. Aflatoun ta ci gaba da rubutu game da batutuwan da mata suka fuskanta a cikin shekarun 1950, kamar a shekarar 1958 lokacin da ta tayar da batutuwar hutun haihuwa da rashin kulawa da lafiyar mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kane |first=Patrick Matthew |date=2022 |title=Menhat Helmy and the Emergence of Egyptian Women Art Teachers and Artists in the 1950s |journal=Arts |language=en |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=11 |doi=10.3390/arts11050095 |issn=2076-0752 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An kama ta kuma a asirce an ɗaure ta a lokacin da [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] ya tattara kwaminisanci a shekarar 1959. <ref name="LaDuke1989"/> Ta kasance daga cikin rukuni na farko na mata da aka ɗaure saboda gwagwarmayar siyasa a Misira, wanda daga baya ta bayyana a matsayin alama ce ta karuwar ikon siyasa na mata a zamanin Nasser. A cikin wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekarar 1987, ta nuna cewa ɗaurin mata saboda imanin siyasa ba ya nuna cewa ba zalunci kadai ba ne, har ma da amincewa da hukumar siyasa ta mata da daidaito da maza. Ta ci gaba da zanen yayin da take kurkuku kuma an sake ta a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1963. Bayan an sake ta, an rushe jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Masar, <ref name="Goldschmidt2000" /> ta ba da mafi yawan lokacinta ga zanen.<ref name="LaDuke1989" /> Daga baya ta bayyana cewa: "Nasser, ko da yake ya jefa ni a kurkuku, ya kasance mai kishin kasa mai kyau".<ref name="LaDuke1989" /> == Tasirin fasaha == Malamin fasaharta mai zaman kansa, Kamel el-Telmissany, jagora a cikin ƙungiyar surrealist ta Masar da ake kira Art and Freedom Group, ya gabatar da ita ga surrealist da cubist aesthetics. <ref name="LaDuke1989"/> Lokacin da yake magana game da tasirin Tutor, Aflatoun ya ce kulawarsa da ƙarfafawa sun taimaka mata ta wuce shingen da ke riƙe da ita. Kungiyar Fasaha da 'Yanci, ko Jama'at al-Fann wa al-Hurriya a cikin Larabci, ta kasance mai matukar siyasa kuma tana da alaƙa da babbar Tarayyar Fasaha ta Juyin Juya Halin Mai Zaman Kanta ta Duniya da aka fara kafawa a Mexico. Kungiyar ta gudanar da nune-nunen ayyukansu kuma ta buga rubutun 'Long Live Degenerate Art!" (Yahya al-Fann al-Munhatt) a matsayin martani ga farfagandar Nazi da haɓaka fascism. Hotunan da ta yi a wannan lokacin suna da tasirin surrealism.<ref name="LaDuke1992"/> Hotunan da ta yi na farko sun binciki jigogi na surrealist, sau da yawa suna nuna wurare masu ban sha'awa, hotuna na mafarki, da tashin hankali na tunanin mutum wanda ke nuna damuwa da jinsi da aji. Daga baya ta tuna cewa mutane sun yi mamakin zane-zanenta kuma sun yi mamaye "me ya sa yarinya daga iyali mai arziki ta sha wahala sosai".<ref name="LaDuke1989" /> Har ila yau, wallafe-wallafen Art and Freedom Group sun rinjayi Aflatoun, musamman rubuce-rubucen Albert Cossery da Georges Henein. Ta kasance wani ɓangare na nune-nunen rukuni guda biyu kafin sha'awarta ta sauya zuwa salon da ya fi dacewa don ƙirƙirar ƙarin sharhin zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson-Goldie |first=Kaelen |date=2019 |title=Public/Private: The Many Lives of 'Rebel Painter' Inji Efflatoun |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/706135 |journal=Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry |language=en |volume=48 |pages=139–140 |doi=10.1086/706135 |issn=1465-4253 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ta daina zanen daga 1946 zuwa 1948, tana la'akari da cewa abin da take zanen ba ya dace da yadda take ji.<ref name="LaDuke1992" /> Har ila yau, a cikin 1948, Aflatoun ya auri Muhammed Abdul Elija, ko Hamdi, wanda ya kasance mai fafutuka kuma mai gabatar da kara wanda ya fito ne daga iyali matalauta.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal |last=LaDuke |first=Betty |date=1992 |title=Inji Efflatoun Art, Feminism, and Politics in Egypt |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3193323 |journal=Art Education |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=35 |doi=10.2307/3193323 |jstor=3193323 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson-Goldie |first=Kaelen |date=2019 |title=Public/Private: The Many Lives of 'Rebel Painter' Inji Efflatoun |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/706135 |journal=Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry |language=en |volume=48 |pages=142 |doi=10.1086/706135 |issn=1465-4253 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Daga baya aka sabunta sha'awarta bayan ziyarar [[Luxor]], Nubia, da kuma oasis na Masar.<ref name="LaDuke1992" /> A lokacin wadannan tafiye-tafiye, ta sami damar "tsayawa cikin gidaje da zane maza da mata a wurin aiki".<ref name="LaDuke1992" /> Ta yi karatu na shekara guda tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Switzerland Margo Veillon kuma ta halarci bita da ɗan wasan Hammad Abdullah ya yi.<ref name=":32" /> Ayyukanta a wannan lokacin sun fi yawa, suna nuna kungiyoyi ko hotuna, sau da yawa na masu aiki, kuma sau da yawa tana amfani da inuwa mai ƙarfi don bayyana bambancin da hasken rana ta Masar ta haifar.<ref name=":32" /> A wannan lokacin, ta yi nune-nunen solo a Alkahira da Alexandria kuma ta nuna a Venice Biennale a 1952 da kuma São Paulo Art Biennial a 1956. <ref name="LaDuke1992" /> A shekara ta 1956 ta sadu kuma ta zama abokiyar mai zane-zane na Mexico David Alfaro Siqueiros . <ref name="LaDuke1992" /> A ƙarshen shekarun 1940 da 1950, aikin Aflatoun yana da bashi ga gaskiyar zamantakewar jama'a na muralism na Mexico.<ref name="Nugent 2022" /> Ayyukanta a wannan lokacin sun ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan batutuwan zamantakewa, musamman mata da batutuwan da suka shafi mata, musamman rashin hakkinsu da kariya ta shari'a.<ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last=LaDuke |first=Betty |date=1992 |title=Inji Efflatoun Art, Feminism, and Politics in Egypt |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3193323 |journal=Art Education |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=33–41 |doi=10.2307/3193323 |jstor=3193323 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Zane da ɗaurin kurkuku == Ta sami damar ci gaba da zanen a lokacin da aka tsare ta. Har ma kafin a kama ta kanta, duka surukinta, Ismail Sabri Abdullah, [1] da mijinta sun kasance, tare da an saki mijinta kuma ya mutu ba da daɗewa ba. [2] Ta shiga ɓoye kanta amma daga ƙarshe an kama ta kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata 26 na farko a Misira da suka zama fursunonin siyasa.[2] Ita da sauran fursunonin siyasa ba su san tsawon lokacin da za a ɗaure su ba kuma ta gaya wa sauran kada su makale a kan 'yanci.[1] Daraktan gidan yarin, Hassan al-Kurdi, yana son zane kuma sau da yawa yakan shiga tattaunawa game da fasaharsa da Aflatoun.[3] A lokacin da aka kama ta, an ba ta lambar yabo ta farko don gasar zane-zane da Ma'aikatar Al'adu da Bayanai ta tallafawa.[4] Tallafin kyautar ya kasance mai fa'ida a gare ta wajen samun izini daga darektan gidan yarin don fenti.[1] Ta yi jayayya cewa idan ta iya zanen zai iya sayar da aikinta don amfanin kurkuku.[5] Ayyukanta ba su da kyau kuma zane-zanen ta ba su sayar ba, amma ta ce ita da fursunoni za su sayi su.[5] 'Yar'uwarta, ta yi kira ga Inji kuma ta sami izinin yin fenti da kayan aiki mafi kyau kafin a ɗaure ta. [3][5] Hotunan kurkuku na farko hotuna ne, amma bayan shekaru biyu nan da nan ta gano cewa ba za ta iya ci gaba da zanen waɗancan batutuwa da kuma gaskiyar da aka nuna ba.[5] Duk da yake daga baya sune shimfidar wurare galibi na bishiyoyi, musamman wanda za ta iya gani daga taga wanda fursunoni suka dauka don kiran itacen Inji. [6][5] Ta kuma zana jiragen ruwa kuma an ba ta izinin zuwa dakin wanki don ganin su da kyau.[5] Ta kuma kafa dangantaka da Abbas Qutb, Janar Manajan yankin ta na kurkuku.[7] Zai dauki wasu ayyukanta don gidansa, yana tara tarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci, kuma zai yi mata alheri kamar kasancewa mai laushi da barin tantanin ajiya a buɗe.[7] Tare da wannan ta kuma sami damar samun taimakon wasu masu gadi don fitar da wasu zane-zanenta ta hanyar lullube su a jikin su.[2] Ta ci gaba da zanen yayin da take kurkuku kuma an sake ta a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1963. Bayan an sake ta, an rushe jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Masar, <ref name="LaDuke1989"/> ta ba da mafi yawan lokacinta ga zanen. Daga baya ta bayyana cewa: "Nasser, kodayake ya sanya ni a kurkuku, ya kasance mai kishin kasa ne mai kyau. " <ref name="LaDuke1989" /> Tasirin kasancewa a kurkuku ya ci gaba da zanen ta bayan an sake ta, inda ta sami ƙarin sha'awar haske, wanda ya haifar da hanyar da haske ta zo ta hanyar sandunanta. A cikin shekaru bayan 'yancinta, ta nuna a Roma da Paris a 1967, Dresden, East Berlin, Warsaw da Moscow a 1970, Sofia a 1974, Prague a 1975, New Delhi a 1979. <ref name="LaDuke1989" /> Hotunan ta suna cike da "ƙwaƙwalwar ƙira mai launi mai ƙarfi" wanda ke tunatar da wasu masu kallo na [[Vincent van Gogh|Van Gogh]] ko Bonnard. Ayyukanta na shekaru masu zuwa ana nuna su ta hanyar karuwar amfani da manyan fararen sarari a kusa da siffofinta.<ref name="LaDuke1989" /> Ana nuna tarin ayyukanta a Fadar Amir Taz a Alkahira. Wani tarin ayyukanta an nuna shi a Gidauniyar Fasaha ta Barjeel a Sharjah . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inji Efflatoun |url=https://www.barjeelartfoundation.org/artist/egypt/inji-efflatoun/ |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=Barjeel Art Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1985 ta rubuta labaru daga rayuwarta da ke rufewa daga yarinta zuwa ƙarshen lokacin da take kurkuku wanda daga baya za a juya shi cikin tarihinta.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Wilson-Goldie |first=Kaelen |date=2019 |title=Public/Private: The Many Lives of 'Rebel Painter' Inji Efflatoun |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/706135 |journal=Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context and Enquiry |language=en |volume=48 |pages=137 |doi=10.1086/706135 |issn=1465-4253 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Nuni == Ayyukan Aflatoun sun sami karbuwa ta duniya ta hanyar nune-nunen a Venice Biennale (1952), São Paulo Biennial (1953), da Alexandria Biennial (1958). Ta kuma gudanar da nune-nunen solo a biranen kamar Alkahira, Roma, da Paris, kuma ana ci gaba da nuna ayyukanta a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na kasa da kasa, gami da Mathaf: Gidan Tarihin Larabawa na zamani (2015-2016) da Gidan Tarihi na Mata a Washington, DC (1994). An kirkiro jerin White Light (al-daw' al-abyad) a cikin shekarun 1970s, wanda ya nuna babban canji a cikin salon gani. Wadannan ayyukan sun nuna siffofin da ba a haɗa su ba, filaments masu launi, da wuraren zane da ba a fentin su ba, suna ba da ra'ayi na haske daga ciki. Masu sukar sun lura da yadda fararen zane da kansa ya zama wani abu mai mahimmanci, yana ba da damar harshen gani na buɗewa da numfashi. A cewar Efflatoun, wannan amfani da fari ya ba da damar zane-zane "don numfashi" kuma ya jaddada motsi. A cikin 2015, an sake gabatar da White Light ga masu sauraro na duniya a cikin Venice Biennale wanda Okwui Enwezor ya tsara a ƙarƙashin taken "Dukan Makomar Duniya. " Shigarwa ta haɗa ayyukanta masu haske tare da zane-zanen kurkuku na baya, yana nuna tashin hankali tsakanin duhu da haske a duk faɗin aikinta. == Kyauta == Ayyukanta na zane-zane "Ba za mu manta ba" an ba da kyautar ga Jami'ar Alkahira ta hanyar mai zane-zane kuma ɗalibai sun kwafe shi a cikin takardun zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin mallaka da kuma hotunan kafin ma'aikatan jami'a su cire fasahar. Ayyukan Aflatoun suna nunawa a manyan gidajen tarihi a Alkahira tun daga shekarun 1970s.<ref name=":8"/> Sunanta ya kai ga masu fasaha da masu ilimi kuma galibi ana daukar ta a matsayin "mai fafutukar siyasa wanda ya kasance mai zane-zane". Fasaharta ta ci gaba da yin tasiri a cikin maganganun Masar na zamani.<ref name=":8" /> Jigogi daga zane-zanen ta, kamar Dinshaway Massacre, an yi amfani da su dangane da abubuwan siyasa na zamani kamar mutuwar Khaled Saeed ta 2010. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1924]] ks8i9z1n38yfgzsdd8pb0puuztchnmo 0 151348 840276 836395 2026-05-26T12:39:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Ijebu United FC | fullname = Ijebu United Football Club | nickname = | founded = | ground = Ijebu Ode Stadium | capacity = | owner = | chairman = | manager = | league = Nigeria Nationwide League | season = | position = | website = }} '''Ijebu United FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga [[Ijebu Ode]], a jihar [[Ogun State|Ogun]], [[Nigeria]]. Ƙungiyar tana daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke taka leda a ƙananan matakan gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya, musamman a gasar Nationwide League. An kafa ƙungiyar ne domin haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa daga yankin Ijebu tare da samar musu da damar shiga manyan matakan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/ |title=Ijebu United FC profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar ta shahara wajen bai wa matasa dama domin nuna bajintarsu a wasannin cikin gida. A tsawon shekarun da ta yi tana fafatawa a matakan ƙasa na ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya, ta taka rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar wasanni a yankin Ogun da ma kudancin Najeriya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianfootballleague.com/ |title=Nigerian football league clubs |website=Nigerian Football League |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> Ijebu United FC tana gudanar da wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Ijebu Ode Stadium wanda yake a garin Ijebu Ode. Filin wasan yana karɓar wasannin cikin gida da sauran gasannin yankin Ogun State. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin masu goyon bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Ijebu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ogunstate.gov.ng/ |title=Sports development in Ogun State |website=Ogun State Government |access-date=15 May 2026 |archive-date=16 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616185728/http://www.ogunstate.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙungiyar tana mai da hankali sosai wajen horas da matasa da kuma gano sababbin hazikan ‘yan wasa daga makarantu da ƙananan kungiyoyi. Wannan tsarin ya taimaka wajen samar da wasu ‘yan wasan da suka ci gaba zuwa wasu kungiyoyi a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brila.net/ |title=Grassroots football development in Nigeria |website=Brila FM |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == Ba a samu cikakken bayanin shekarar kafuwar ƙungiyar a kafofin bayanai na intanet ba, amma Ijebu United FC na daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka dade suna taka rawa a ƙananan matakan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya. Kungiyar ta shiga gasanni daban-daban na cikin gida tare da neman samun gurbi a manyan lig-lig na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig-intres.html |title=Nigerian lower division football records |website=RSSSF |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Manufofi == Babbar manufar ƙungiyar ita ce bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Ijebu da samar da dama ga matasa masu sha’awar harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Haka kuma ƙungiyar na ƙoƙarin taimakawa wajen rage rashin aikin yi ta hanyar harkokin wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/ |title=Football development in Nigeria |website=The Guardian Nigeria |access-date=15 May 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Nationwide League]] * [[Ogun State]] * [[Football in Nigeria]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Football clubs in Nigeria]] [[Category:Sport in Ogun State]] [[Category:Football clubs in Ogun State]] puuacb6rx3fjddw89knf9umtij9su3p 4 151786 840302 839879 2026-05-26T17:45:49Z Hausa Wikimedians User Group 13974 Update application status 840302 json application/json { "u24259": { "username": "Abusule dankofa", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na editor na wikimedia hanzai bani damar yin aiki cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u12444": { "username": "Hamza DK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "As an second active editor of Wiktionary and Wikidata, I need this data support to edit more and upload information on Wiktionary, Wikipedia and wiki data. And this support will helps me contribute regularly and improve free knowledge for everyone." }, "u9880": { "username": "Galdiz", "state": "Borno", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Na kasance edita me bada gudummawa harna tsawon kusan shekara 7 ina Alfahari da wannan aiki da nakeyi. Ina neman wannan tallafi na Data support ne saboda watarana kanaso kayi wani abin Amman rashin data saiya hanaka wannan tallafi zai taimaka kwarai da gaske Allah ya bamu sa’a ya taimaki Hausa Wikipedia." }, "u21576": { "username": "Dev moha2507", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data domin in ci gaba da aikin da nake yi a Wikimedia/Hausa Wikipedia.\nIna so na ciga ba da inganta bayanai a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina amfani da lokaci na wajen bincike, gyara, da rubuta ingantattun bayanai domin su amfani al’umma baki ɗaya.\nina fuskantar ƙarancin data wanda ke rage min damar ci gaba da wannan aiki mai muhimmanci. Idan aka taimaka min da wannan tallafi, zan iya ƙara himma wajen:\nInganta Hausa Wikipedia da ƙarin articles masu amfani\nTaimakawa wajen yaɗa ilimi cikin Hausa\nDa kuma shiga cikin ayyukan Wikimedia community yadda ya kamata" }, "u44591": { "username": "Engineer014", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "Ni sabon edita ne a Hausa Wikipedia, idan na samu wannan tallafin tabbas zan ƙara samun karsashi na ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙalu da kuma gyara waɗanda ke akwai. Tabbas samun wannan tallafin zai taimaka mani wajan ƙarin karsahi." }, "u19233": { "username": "Ibrahim abusufyan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-19", "text": "I need the data supppprt.because it will help.in wrinting ,and make your.work.more easire and paster,ballerss ,so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more engl8shnto.determ" }, "u39275": { "username": "Sardeeq", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "As an active editor data support will definitely help more, inorder for me to keep contributing i think I need the support 100%.\nI also I need the data support to research edit and improve Wikipedia articles consistently and effectively." }, "u38699": { "username": "Arcdanumma047", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need this in order to contribute More and more edit then last time because of this data . Because some time we can't get data network and we want edit, but now I believed. If we get this free data network the edit will add more" }, "u22698": { "username": "Umar A Muhammad", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need data support because I needed  for many reason  first I'm a student  I don't have enouph money .\n The support will help me participate actively in Wikimedia activities, online trainings, research, editing, and community contributions without internet limitations." }, "u28242": { "username": "Dmukhtar105", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I want data support to activately contribute to Hausa Wikipedia by creating, editing and improving articles in hausa language,the support will enables me to access different resources conduct research and participate regularly" }, "u43323": { "username": "Saad Nuhu", "state": "Gombe", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data domin zai bani dama wajan bada gudummawa, kirkirar muƙala, da kuma gyara muƙala. A matsayina na Administrator hakan zai bani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci domin tantance aiki mai kyau cikin nutsuwa ba tare da fargabar ƙarewar data ba." }, "u45027": { "username": "Wayit", "state": "Plateau", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am a student and am really struggling to get data to be in the wikimedia hausa space to learn more and also give my on impact \nAnd even to run some of my school activities on line so if am being supported it will really mean a lot to me and it will go along way" }, "u41082": { "username": "Hussey833", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan data support in ne domin hakan zai taimaka min wajen bada gudumuwa cikin natsuwa da kuma tabbatar da inkancin shafin wikipedia batare da fargaba ba,sannan kuma tallafin yakan kara karsashi cikin natsuwa wajen gaanin cewa bada gudunmuwa ta edit baizamo matsala ba a wannan shafi na wikipedia" }, "u24783": { "username": "Abubakar Kaddi", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne na data support domin cigaba bada gudunmawa a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma yan uwanta, ada an taɓa bani kuma naji daɗi saboda na ninka ayyukan da nakeyi na editing din Wikipedia a lokacin da na samu tallafin Nagode Allah ya bamu nasara daga Abubakar Kaddi" }, "u32668": { "username": "Muhdavdullahi", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukala da gyaran muqala.\nA matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa hakan zaibani damar kirkira da kuma gyara mukala batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u22641": { "username": "Naja'atu Bintoo Usman", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support because I actively contribute to Wikipedia by reading, editing, and researching articles. Access to data will help me contribute more consistently, improve the quality of my edits, and support my learning and research activities, especially where internet access is limited." }, "u12577": { "username": "Umar-askira", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina nema wanna tallafin me daga gidauniya ya Hausa Wikimedians domin chi gaba da nada gudunmuwa a Hausa Wikipedia ta hanya kirikiran makalai, bunkasa makalai tare da inganta makalai. Hausa Wikipedia tana bukatan cigaba da bunkasa ta hanyar fasara makalai daga wasu yarikan zuwa Hausa Musamman English zuwa Hausa ko Arabic zuwa Hausa." }, "u28228": { "username": "HK RIGASA2", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin Data Support Program domin samun damar cigaba da bada gudummawa a ayyukan Wikimedia musamman Wikipedia da sauran projects. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen samun internet data domin yin editing, bincike, upload na abubuwa masu amfani da kuma kara inganta ilimin al’umma ta hanyar harshen Hausa.\nHaka kuma wannan tallafin zai kara min karfin gwaiwa da kuzarin cigaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai tare da koyon sababbin abubuwa a cikin Wikimedia movement. Ina da burin amfani da wannan dama wajen taimakawa wajen yada ingantaccen ilimi kyauta ga al’umma." }, "u19064": { "username": "Mansir Yusuf", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi zai taimaka min wajen kwarin gwiwar cigaba da bada gudunmawa a makalolin Hausa Wikipedia, ina fatan sanyi nasarar samun tallafin domin ina bukatar shi kuma zai taimaka min bama ni ka dai ba da sauran editicin da suka nemi wannan tallafin" }, "u29451": { "username": "Halima Waziri", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data support to enhance my contributions to open knowledge and improve access to reliable information. The support will help me overcome internet and data cost challenges, enabling me to actively participate in Wikimedia projects through editing, research, uploads, and community activities. It will also support my efforts to promote digital literacy, document local knowledge, and encourage more people, especially underrepresented groups, to contribute to free and accessible knowledge platforms." }, "u44366": { "username": "Pretty Fulani", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I need the data supppprt  because it will help me to continue contribute and make your work  more easire and paster also I don have enauph money ballerss so i think bringing the program into.existance again is what ready makes it more." }, "u14681": { "username": "Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu", "state": "Plateau", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi na nema a baya ban taba samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na dace domin wannan tallafi nasan zai taimaka min sosai musamman wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwa a shafukan hausa wikipedia domin wani lokacin kanaso ka bada gudunmuwa ko kayi editing to rashin isassar data sai ta hana mutum duk yadda kaso da kayi editing din" }, "u44560": { "username": "Mai Jiddah muhammad", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina buƙatar wannan tallafi ne domin ni sabuwa ce a gyara makalolin Hausa Wikipedia tare da samar da sabbi, ina fatan samun wannan tallafin zai kara min hazaka wajen ganin na cigaba da editing da samar da makalolin Wikipedia idan har na samun tallafin, dan haka wannan tallafin zai taimaka min sosai idan na same shi, Nagode." }, "u12403": { "username": "M Bash Ne", "state": "Kano", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am applying for data support to help me actively continuing contribute to Wikimedia projects, especially Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language Wikimedia platforms. The support will enable me to participate in online editing activities, create and improve articles, upload educational content, and engage in community campaigns, training, and outreach programs. Reliable internet access is very important for my contributions and will help me continue promoting free knowledge in the Hausa language community." }, "u28682": { "username": "Khalifah123", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Am requesting for it because it will gave me the opportunity to create some articles and edits some previous articles properly and also give the chance to do my work without me thinking of going out of data thank you" }, "u37991": { "username": "MUDASSIR MODE BISSALAM", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data akan ayukkan da mukeyi na internet,\nDon zakalo muhimman abubuwa na yau da kullun,zamu gabatar da bincike bincikenmu idan har munsamu gudun muwa daga gareku,hakika wannan aiki yanada mahimmanci sosai ga al’umma da duniya baki daya amma muna muna bukatar support na yin aiki tukuru." }, "u21046": { "username": "Dev ammar", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina bukatan wannan tallafi saboda na siya data don bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia, sakamakon rashin data da nake fuskanta, hakan na bani wahala wajen samun isasshen lokaci da zan bada gudummuwa a Hausa Wikipedia dalili shine ina amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa wato computer wajen sauqaqar da aikina, kuma tana jan data sosai. Nagode" }, "u25549": { "username": "Pharouqenr", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina Neman tallafin data domin hakan zaibani dama wajen bada gudummuwa da kuma kirkirar mukalu da kuma gyaran muƙalu. A matsayina na mai bada gudummuwa kuma mai gudanarwa, hakan zaibani damar bibiyar ayyukan editoci batare da fargabar karewar data ba." }, "u27364": { "username": "Sani Abdullahi M", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "A lokacin baya ni ma na taba neman wannan tallafi ban samu ba ina fatan wannan karon na samu a hakikan gaskiya wannan tallafin zai taimakawa mu kananan editoci wajen cigaba da bada gudunmuwar yin editing ina fatan a wannan karon nayi nasara na samu domin na zama mai bada gudunmuwa a koda yaushe" }, "u14848": { "username": "Zahrah0", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data support ne saboda in ringa bada gudunmawa a wajen editing, kir Kiran muƙala, fassara a hausa Wikipedia saboda wani lokaci rashin data shiyake hana ni editing da kuma fassarori a Wikipedia" }, "u31123": { "username": "Nnamadee", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data ne saboda zai taimaka mani sosai wajen inganta muƙala, ƙirƙirar sababbin muƙaloli da kuma bibiyar ayyukan da suka gabata. A matsayina na administrator kuma mai bada gudummawa ta din-din-din, tallafin data zai taimaka mani sosai wajen ƙara jajircewa." }, "u30485": { "username": "Aluja", "state": "Nasarawa", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin kara samun kwarin gwiwa wajen bayar da gudummawa a shafin Hausa Wikipedia da yan uwanta. Duk da cewa muna bada gudummawar amma wannan tallafi na ƙaramin tasiri zai yi ba ƙara mana ƙaimi a cikin tafiyar. Allah Ubangiji ya bamu sa'a." }, "u15405": { "username": "Ibrahim Sani Mustapha", "state": "Kano", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa.  Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske wajen ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai." }, "u23935": { "username": "Ummun Sultan", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "Wannan tallafi ina neman shi ne domin samun data da zan cigaba Congratulations Hausa Wikipedia da kuma sister projects nata, idan na samu wannan tallafi zanyi amfani da shi wajen kara yawan gudunmawar da nake badawa a hausa Wikipedia da kuma  sister project nata." }, "u37993": { "username": "Abbakaramb", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "To help me stay online so that I can edit and write in wikimedia.\nAs you all know that Data is too cost now and the economy is not friendly😊.\nI need like 10-15GB if i am to stay online for at least a week." }, "u24821": { "username": "Ashiru Lawal", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am writing to request data support to assist and enhance my efforts in Wikipedia editing and publishing. I have remained committed to contributing valuable and reliable information on Wikipedia through regular editing, research, and content improvement aimed at promoting free access to knowledge." }, "u21695": { "username": "BAFFA ISAH MK", "state": "Katsina", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-20", "text": "I am requesting data support to help me remain active in contributing to Wikimedia platforms, with a strong focus on Hausa Wikipedia and other Hausa-language projects. Access to internet data will allow me to continue editing and developing articles, sharing educational resources, and taking part in online trainings, campaigns, and community engagement activities.\n\nThis support will greatly improve my ability to contribute consistently and continue advancing free and accessible knowledge for Hausa-speaking communities through Wikimedia initiatives." }, "u38060": { "username": "Kaddi123", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Inanem talafi domin cigaba da editing da samun damar bada gudumuwa a shafin Wikipedia cikin Sauki, wannan zai taimaka min wurin yin ayukan na yau da kulum masaman wurin editing,Ina farin ciki sosai idan na samu shiga cikin wadanda zasu samu wannan talafi na Wikipedia,. Abubakar lawali kaddi" }, "u45064": { "username": "Salahuddin lawan", "state": "Kano", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want this application in order to improve my life career and earn comfortable life and my school fees money please help me to approve my application due to my reasonable condition and give a chance to help each other for our good career for getting job to earn a living in my life" }, "u21281": { "username": "Mustysummy", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina shaawar bada gudummuwa ga Wikipedia da inganta damar samun ilimi kyauta. \nTallafin zai taimake ni yin bincik, Kirkira, gyara da sabunta tare da \ningantacen bayani. Hakan zai bani damar shiga cikin ayyukan Wikipedia da bada gudummuwar ingantacen aiki wanda zai amfanar da jama'a a duniya baki daya" }, "u37986": { "username": "Maiakwai4u", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman talafi data domin Kara karfa fawa Gurin ci gaban da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa a Duniya, wanna da ya shafi tarihi, Tatalin Arziki, Cigaban Kimita, Nima, Fisahar zamani da Kuma inganta yaren Hausa da aladun Harshen Hausa." }, "u24987": { "username": "Kamal JB", "state": "Kebbi", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na data support ne saboda samun cikakkiyar dama wajen kara inganta Wikimedia projects musamman a bangaren yaren mu na Hausa. Ina matukar sanya rai na samun wannan tallafi saboda na nema a baya ban samu ba." }, "u24854": { "username": "Nura Bello", "state": "Zamfara", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafin na internet data support ne saboda samun damar ci gaba da bada gudummawa a Hausa Wikipedia da Hausa Wiktionary kamar yadda na saba. Wannan tallafin zai taimaka min wajen ƙara samun wata damar don ci-gaba da ƙirƙira da gyara maƙalu, ƙara kalmomi da ma’anoninsu, da kuma bincike domin inganta ingancin bayanai cikin harshen Hausa. Samun wannan tallafi zai taimaka min ƙwarai da gaske Gurin ci gaba da bada gudummawa akai-akai a wannan bagere na Wikipedia." }, "u22074": { "username": "A'isha A Ibrahim", "state": "Kano", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Assalamu Alaikum,\nIna mai neman wannan tallafi a matsayina ta mace wadda muke da bukatar karfafawa a wajen bayar da gudummawarmu a shafin Hausa Wikipedia. Hakika samun wannan tallafi ba ƙaramin ƙara jawo hankalinmu zai yi ba na ganin cewa mun jajirce wajen bayar da gudummawarmu kuma na ganin cewa muma ana damawa da mu a kowane fanni." }, "u26434": { "username": "Habibah A Jisambo", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I want to apply for data support to enable me contribute more actively to Wikipedia by creating, editing, and improving articles. Data support will help me access the internet regularly so I can research reliable information, upload useful content, and participate in Wikimedia activities without interruption. This support will encourage me to contribute more knowledge and help make information" }, "u20498": { "username": "Bembety", "state": "Gombe", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "Wannan damar za ta sa ni in ƙara ƙwazo wajen gyarawa da bayar da gudummawa ga ayyukan Wikipedia. Haka kuma, za ta taimaka mini wajen ƙara ilimi, inganta ƙwarewata ta gyarawa, da haɗin gwiwa da sauran masu gyaran Wikipedia wajen yaɗa ingantaccen kuma amintaccen bayani ga jama’a. Ta wannan opera, zan iya bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen bunƙasa ilimi kyauta da kuma tallafawa al’ummar Wikimedia." }, "u38003": { "username": "Abdulrahaman Barau Ahmad", "state": "Sokoto", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-21", "text": "I need data to do more Research and to create more historical about something that will benefit the people so that it can be easily to access and knowing about history.\nAnd I will used the data to strategy by going deep down and be committed to ensure by going through history and making to add some of my knowledge about the history." }, "u26992": { "username": "Muktee1494", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-23", "text": "Suna na Muktar Hassan Abdullahi, Gwararren Edito na Hausa Wikipedia Wanda nake Zaune a Jihar Kaduna a Arewacin Nageriya. Ina mai faring ciki dun ganin an bude wannnan gidauniya ta tainakun editoci dun su samu su ci gaba da bada gudun mawa A hausa Wikipedia. \nNima ina mai matukar alfari da hakan sannan kuma ina Neman wannan gudun mawa wacce Hauwa Wikimedia User Group suke ba dawa dun zata tai maka sosai wajen garfafa mana (Editoci) guiwa dun munsan Hausa Wikipedia basu manta damu ba. \nIna fatan zan samu wannan gudun mawar. \nZaayi duba record dina na Editing na Hausa Wikipedia na sama da  watanni biyar 5 domin a ga irin gudun mawar da nake bada wa" }, "u28791": { "username": "Mal Rabo", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-23", "text": "I need the data support to enable me continue editing, translating, and publishing articles on Wikipedia consistently. As an active member of the Hausa Wikimedia community, I contribute to sharing knowledge and improving access to information online. However, limited internet data often makes it difficult for me to log in regularly and make contributions. Receiving this support will help me stay active on Wikipedia, contribute more effectively, and continue promoting free and accessible knowledge through my edits and publications." }, "u31746": { "username": "Miss abbas", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-24", "text": "Even as a student with full dedication to editing,  lack or shortage of data makes me feel losing hope. But with this data support ,it will boost my morale, give me more room for checking resources and citations (latest versions),able to prevent and edit errors , verify current postings/contents" }, "u14655": { "username": "A Salisu", "state": "Katsina", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-24", "text": "Inaso na samu wannan data support ne domin na cigaba da bana tawa gudunmuwar a bangaren gyararraki da kuma kirkirar sabbin makala a mafi yawancin lokuta, a takaice dai inaso na ninka ayyukan da nakeyi na bada gudunmawa shiyasa nake neman wannan data support domin zai taimaka min" }, "u35826": { "username": "Hafsah3639", "state": "Kaduna", "status": "declined", "date": "2026-05-24", "text": "Ina neman tallafin data support ne saboda in ringa bada gudunmawa a wajen editing, kir Kiran muƙala, fassara a hausa Wikipedia saboda wani lokaci rashin data shiyake hana ni editing da kuma fassarori a Wikipedia" }, "u15906": { "username": "Baban Asiya", "state": "Kano", "status": "approved", "date": "2026-05-24", "text": "Ina neman wannan tallafi ne domin na samun damar ruɓanya aiyukana, na bada ingantacciyar gudunmawa wajen ƙirƙirar sabbin muƙaloli da kuma gyare-gyare a ɓangarorin Wikimedia.\n\nDa fatan za a amince da wannan buƙata yawa. Na gode." } } jbmfqbcbeueytxcas2b0yaxcp7c5xm0 0 151805 840275 838112 2026-05-26T12:37:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 840275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ihuarulam Uche''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Yuni 1996) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya Sunshine Stars FC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uche Ihuarulam |url=https://www.flashscore.com/player/ihuarulam-uche/d2iDGgkJ/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=flashscore.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uche Ihuarulam |url=http://www.footballscores24.com/nigeria/players/uche-ihuarulam-1034314/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=footballscores24.com}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === A Najeriya === Ihuarulam ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United FC.]] Ya buga wasanni biyu, kafin ya koma Lobi Stars a watan Yulin 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UCHE IHUARULAM WANTS OUT AT LOBI |url=https://africanfootball.com/news/562644/Uche-Ihuarulam-wants-out-at-Lobi |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=africanfootball.com}}</ref> Uche ya koma [[Kulab ɗin wasan ƙwallon ƙafan Abia Warriors|Abia Warriors]] a shekarar 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abia Warriors' Ihuarulam savours match winner against Heartland |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2016/06/20/24833772/abia-warriors-ihuarulam-savours-match-winner-against |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=goal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abia Warriors' Uche Ihuarulam targets Kano Pillars fall |url=https://uk.sports.yahoo.com/news/abia-warriors-uche-ihuarulam-targets-120800533.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACAcVLE2wKdtnQEeGkgGPTLzuES7BA4fRG7Yv4rC4TTxlyn_T4qiz_AJq6-xom6SwhTCyfd5LvfSa5cv3sccYWUZ-SWtUJp_IWx09MdSEnd87MrU8GxDHLc3U80doaxbvXJdCb5fjCtAo8S9a816xp4EAV_Y7IRjnBpigIXykLFs |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=uk.sports.yahoo.com}}</ref> === A Masar === Shekaru uku a [[Kulab ɗin wasan ƙwallon ƙafan Abia Warriors|Abia Warriors]], a ranar 1 ga Janairu 2018, Uche ya koma kulob din El Dakhleya [[Misra|na Masar]] kan kwantiragin shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ihuarulam Uche |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe536483/ihuarulam-uche/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=worldfootball.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ihuarulam Uche |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/ihuarulam-uche/167423/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref> === Gazal El Mahalla === A watan Yulin 2018, Uche ya koma kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Masar mai suna Ghazl El Mahalla . [1] === Ifeanyi Ubah FC === Ihuarulam ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara ɗaya da Ifeanyi Ubah FC daga El Mahalla a watan Fabrairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Égypte » Premiership 2018/2019 » Transferts |url=https://www.mondedufoot.fr/transferts/egy-premiership-2018-2019/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=mondedufoot.fr |archive-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327003254/https://www.mondedufoot.fr/transferts/egy-premiership-2018-2019/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2019 |title=Ihuarulam's Debut Goal Keeps FC Ifeanyiubah Top Of Group B |url=https://npfl.ng/ihuarulams-debut-goal-keeps-fc-ifeanyiubah-top-of-group-b/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=npfl.ng |archive-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327003256/https://npfl.ng/ihuarulams-debut-goal-keeps-fc-ifeanyiubah-top-of-group-b/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ranakun Rana === Bayan nasarar da ya samu a wasansa da Ifeanyi Ubah FC, Ihuarulam ya koma Sunshine Stars FC a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uche Ihuarulam |url=https://www.fctables.com/players/uche-ihuarulam-489967/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=fctables.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uche Ihuarulam |url=https://www.tablesleague.com/teams/sunshine_stars1/uche_ihuarulam/ |access-date=26 March 2020 |publisher=tablesleague.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] mq40alryc7j9zalriixenpphpd4vri3 0 152272 840273 2026-05-26T12:03:00Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Maryland De Galaxy FA | fullname = Maryland De Galaxy Football Academy | country = Najeriya | sport = Ƙwallon ƙafa }} '''Maryland De Galaxy FA''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. An ambaci ƙungiyar cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya a wasu bayanan da aka wallafa kan harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of fo... 840273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Maryland De Galaxy FA | fullname = Maryland De Galaxy Football Academy | country = Najeriya | sport = Ƙwallon ƙafa }} '''Maryland De Galaxy FA''' ƙungiya ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasar [[Najeriya]]. An ambaci ƙungiyar cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya a wasu bayanan da aka wallafa kan harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Kungiyar tana daga cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi ko makarantu na horar da 'yan wasa (football academy) da ke taimakawa wajen bunƙasa matasan 'yan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Sai dai zuwa yanzu babu cikakken bayani daga manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai da ya bayyana tarihin kafuwarta, filin wasanta ko manyan nasarorin da ta samu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A Najeriya, irin waɗannan kungiyoyi na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gano hazikan matasa tare da basu damar shiga manyan kungiyoyin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Maryland De Galaxy FA na daga cikin kungiyoyin da ake ambata a cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa masu tasowa a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 96jjt4et3gxn6f59i3sg41wonn8nwd5 0 152273 840282 2026-05-26T14:02:41Z Saa063 43144 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346596487|Nazmat Surajudeen Bakinde]]" 840282 wikitext text/x-wiki   == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Nazmat Surajudeen-Bakinde ‘yar asalin garin Offa ce, daga rukunin Ajilo Compound Offa a Kwara State, Nigeria. Ta yi karatu a makarantar Offa Grammar School inda ta kasance shugabar ɗalibai mata na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ta samu digirinta na farko (Bachelor’s Degree) a fannin Injiniya a shekarar 1997, sannan ta samu digirinta na biyu (Master’s Degree) a fannin Injiniya a shekarar 2004 daga University of Ilorin. A shekarar 2010 kuma, ta samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Injiniya da Lantarki daga University of Liverpool a United Kingdom. Kwararriya ce a fannin sadarwa ta zamani (Telecommunications) da kuma sadarwar mara waya (Wireless Communications). == Ayyuka == Bakinde a baya ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Ilorin a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta (Administration) tare da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya kuma a matsayin mukaddashin shugaban Sashen Injiniyan Lantarki da Injiniyan lantarki, Kwalejin Injiniya da Fasaha, Jami'ar ilorin kafin nadin ta a matsayin Mataimakiyar Shugaban Jami'ar Kimiyya, Injiniya me Fasaha (USET) Gambiya a shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=NAZMAT TOYIN SURAJUDEEN-BAKINDE |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2qq0U-wAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> == Shahararrun wallafe-wallafen == # Kayan aikin multimedia a cikin koyarwa da tsarin ilmantarwa: Binciken tsari <ref>{{Cite web |title=Multimedia tools in the teaching and learning processes: A systematic review |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2qq0U-wAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2qq0U-wAAAAJ:Tyk-4Ss8FVUC |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> # Hanyar asarar tsinkaye a cikin VHF da UHF bands a cikin birane: Binciken gwaji na ƙwarewa, heuristics da tsarin geospatial <ref>{{Cite web |title=Path loss predictions in the VHF and UHF bands within urban environments: Experimental investigation of empirical, heuristics and geospatial models |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2qq0U-wAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2qq0U-wAAAAJ:hFOr9nPyWt4C |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> # Hanyar asarar tsinkaye don yaduwar rediyo mai watsawa da yawa a cikin rukunin VHF ta amfani da Tsarin Bayyanawa na Neuro-Fuzzy <ref>{{Cite web |title=Path loss predictions for multi-transmitter radio propagation in VHF bands using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2qq0U-wAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2qq0U-wAAAAJ:M3ejUd6NZC8C |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> # Tsarin Neuro-Fuzzy mai daidaitawa don hasashen asarar hanya a cikin ƙungiyar VHF <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy model for path loss prediction in the VHF band |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2qq0U-wAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2qq0U-wAAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC |access-date=2025-05-04 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> # ICT ya ba da damar ilimin Almajiri a Najeriya: Kalubale da tsammanin <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fahm |first=Abdulgafar Olawale |last2=Azeez |first2=Adesina Lukuman |last3=Imam-Fulani |first3=Yusuf Olayinka |last4=Mejabi |first4=Omenogo Veronica |last5=Faruk |first5=Nasir |last6=Abdulrahaman |first6=Musbau Dogo |last7=Olawoyin |first7=Lukman Abiodun |last8=Oloyede |first8=Abdulkarim Ayopo |last9=Surajudeen-Bakinde |first9=Nazmat Toyin |date=2022 |title=ICT enabled Almajiri education in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=2qq0U-wAAAAJ&citation_for_view=2qq0U-wAAAAJ:4JMBOYKVnBMC |journal=Education and Information Technologies |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=3135–3169 |doi=10.1007/s10639-021-10490-7 |pmc=8435755 |pmid=34539214 |access-date=2025-05-04}}</ref> # Yanayin Dynamic Yanayin Rarraba-Dangane da fasalulluka don Ciwon daji na Ovarian Bayyanawa Yanayin Rubuta ta Amfani da Ilimin Injin <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bakinde Nazmat |date=2025 |title=Dynamic Mode Decomposition-Based Features for Ovarian Cancer Gene Expression Classification Using Machine Learning |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384923088 |journal=ResearchGate}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] 5g3y7vn620glxnnp94y5lyxz63qsf6q 0 152274 840289 2026-05-26T15:06:18Z Saa063 43144 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350654884|Muiz Banire]]" 840289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muiz Adeyemi Banire''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1966) [[lauya]] ne kuma mai fafutuka a Najeriya. Banire ya kafa United Action For Change wanda ke aiki a matsayin rukuni na matsa lamba da kuma tunani tare da motsawa don gina al'umma inda ake darajar mutane da bi da su daidai, suna jin daɗin hakkinsu a matsayin cikakkun 'yan ƙasa. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Banire a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1966 a Olowogbowo, da ke tsibirin Legas, sannan ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Mushin, Legas. Ya samu digirin LLB, digirin digirgir (Masters), da kuma digirin digirgir na biyu (Doctorate) a fannin shari’a daga Jami’ar Legas, inda ya mayar da hankali kan sauye-sauyen tsarin dokokin madadin kula da filaye a Najeriya. == Ayyukan shari'a == Banire ya yi aiki da aikin matasa na tilas tare da Majalisar Taimako ta Shari'a kuma daga Political appointments shekarar 1995. Ya kasance Babban Malami na Shari'a a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] daga 1991 har zuwa 2010 yana ba da lacca a cikin shari'ar masu zaman kansu da dukiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Parallelus |title=.M. A. Banire & Associates:. |url=http://mabandassociates.com/banire.php |access-date=17 July 2017 |website=mabandassociates.com}}</ref> An ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin [[Babban Lauyan Najeriya]] a shekarar 2015 kuma an nada shi Bencher . An nada shi a [[Majalisar Shari'a ta Ƙasa (Najeriya)|Majalisar Shari'a ta Kasa]] a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Judicial Council |url=https://njc.gov.ng/current-council-members |access-date=13 May 2020 |website=njc.gov.ng}}</ref> == Nuni na siyasa == An nada Banire a matsayin Kwamishinan Ayyuka na Musamman a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a shekarar 1999. A shekara ta 2000, an tura shi zuwa shugaban Ma'aikatar Sufuri inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishina har zuwa shekara ta 2007 <ref name="TDL" /> Daga nan sai ya yi aiki azaman Kwamishinan Muhalli a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] daga shekara ta 2007 har zuwa shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muiz Banire {{!}} Innovations for Successful Societies |url=https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/muiz-banire |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=successfulsocieties.princeton.edu}}</ref> [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari]] ne ya zabe shi, kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta tabbatar da shi, don zama Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanar da Kamfanin Gudanar da Kasuwanci na Najeriya (AMCON) a shekarar 2018. == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6xbffnqbl3nfwo9i7f4nl3a1kpt91x3 840290 840289 2026-05-26T15:07:04Z Saa063 43144 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350654884|Muiz Banire]]" 840290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muiz Adeyemi Banire''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1966) [[lauya]] ne kuma mai fafutuka a Najeriya. Banire ya kafa United Action For Change wanda ke aiki a matsayin rukuni na matsa lamba da kuma tunani tare da motsawa don gina al'umma inda ake darajar mutane da bi da su daidai, suna jin daɗin hakkinsu a matsayin cikakkun 'yan ƙasa. == Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Banire a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1966 a Olowogbowo, da ke tsibirin Legas, sannan ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Mushin, Legas. Ya samu digirin LLB, digirin digirgir (Masters), da kuma digirin digirgir na biyu (Doctorate) a fannin shari’a daga Jami’ar Legas, inda ya mayar da hankali kan sauye-sauyen tsarin dokokin madadin kula da filaye a Najeriya. == Ayyukan shari'a == Banire ya yi aiki da aikin matasa na tilas tare da Majalisar Taimako ta Shari'a kuma daga Political appointments shekarar 1995. Ya kasance Babban Malami na Shari'a a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] daga 1991 har zuwa 2010 yana ba da lacca a cikin shari'ar masu zaman kansu da dukiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Parallelus |title=.M. A. Banire & Associates:. |url=http://mabandassociates.com/banire.php |access-date=17 July 2017 |website=mabandassociates.com}}</ref> An ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin [[Babban Lauyan Najeriya]] a shekarar 2015 kuma an nada shi Bencher . An nada shi a [[Majalisar Shari'a ta Ƙasa (Najeriya)|Majalisar Shari'a ta Kasa]] a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Judicial Council |url=https://njc.gov.ng/current-council-members |access-date=13 May 2020 |website=njc.gov.ng}}</ref> == Nuni na siyasa == An nada Banire a matsayin Kwamishinan Ayyuka na Musamman a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] a shekarar 1999. A shekara ta 2000, an tura shi zuwa shugaban Ma'aikatar Sufuri inda ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishina har zuwa shekara ta 2007 <ref name="TDL" /> Daga nan sai ya yi aiki azaman Kwamishinan Muhalli a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] daga shekara ta 2007 har zuwa shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Muiz Banire {{!}} Innovations for Successful Societies |url=https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/muiz-banire |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=successfulsocieties.princeton.edu}}</ref> [[Muhammadu Buhari|Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari]] ne ya zabe shi, kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta tabbatar da shi, don zama Shugaban Kwamitin Gudanar da Kamfanin Gudanar da Kasuwanci na Najeriya (AMCON) a shekarar 2018. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ya auri Jemilat Olufunmilayo Banire . <ref>{{Cite web |title=MUIZ BANIRE'S WIFE, FUNMI HOLDS CLASSY 50TH |url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/muiz-banires-wife-funmi-holds-classy-50th/}}</ref> Ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya hudu.<ref name="youngstarsfoundation.org">{{Cite web |title=DR MUIZ BANIRE (SAN)Youngstars Foundation - Africa's unique life changing youth organization operating from Abuja, Nigeria |url=http://youngstarsfoundation.org/dr-muiz-banire-san/ |access-date=17 July 2017 |website=youngstarsfoundation.org |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6xdm1rzyw4l8fqodsrzrr4z3sdc0lx0 3 152275 840317 2026-05-26T21:23:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840317 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AustrianAlien! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AustrianAlien|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) pn1s71reeo6kdvn4mzo3hqlkwfacyba 3 152276 840318 2026-05-26T21:23:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840318 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pedrocharlam1355! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pedrocharlam1355|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) tamb2woj5wtfb30uolb5wubg4mh7ioq 3 152277 840319 2026-05-26T21:23:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840319 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zainab Aisar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zainab Aisar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) m0k4um4q5crmollp5kgh6ib0fykk1rq 3 152278 840320 2026-05-26T21:23:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840320 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shehin mawaka! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shehin mawaka|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) aeddxr3sykjprdcrtp3gsctcra8npwf 3 152279 840321 2026-05-26T21:23:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840321 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wrenschultz! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wrenschultz|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 2vs9jaaoi3kxvwjya4wqshs2ioeqbb4 3 152280 840322 2026-05-26T21:24:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840322 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Penguuiin! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Penguuiin|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) rj505vz2pr0h034197x2mgleejsural 3 152281 840323 2026-05-26T21:24:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840323 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Soheilsiami! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Soheilsiami|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) pc5tsrdlr9xiyv5riuyzn9293rlgt1v 3 152282 840324 2026-05-26T21:24:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840324 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tsargenius! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tsargenius|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 9ma43zr49i750kwc4zxmlbi9dn7hllr 3 152283 840325 2026-05-26T21:24:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840325 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Croissant aux almonds! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Croissant aux almonds|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 9r67j7i3pxb5n4yo7za7xjfbuyhxjb0 3 152284 840326 2026-05-26T21:24:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840326 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AyyanD! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AyyanD|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 04t9k0mc3v8qb461dfvjjvtjrjlzb10 3 152285 840327 2026-05-26T21:24:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840327 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shayapearl1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shayapearl1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 6kigp75ygd1do69yyn9fvidsaufsja1 3 152286 840328 2026-05-26T21:25:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840328 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ravidreams! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ravidreams|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 24a51ypehnq2s93lhr313v5br7qx3b3 3 152287 840329 2026-05-26T21:25:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840329 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ackerman200! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ackerman200|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) agnfmlo9asywfryf1twpok4apyrkalx 3 152288 840330 2026-05-26T21:25:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840330 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MalHamidu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MalHamidu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) iisbcpjexgxkg9y7z478w94sj6n9kgp 3 152289 840331 2026-05-26T21:25:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840331 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nathanlongan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nathanlongan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) r9hio38krdt6qf10yljdq39hwoph8gf 3 152290 840332 2026-05-26T21:25:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840332 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Prince al obeid! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Prince al obeid|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) mms2wzew5b7o6v3ptrgllzz6gkkqv4i 3 152291 840333 2026-05-26T21:25:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840333 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yeleoo1! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yeleoo1|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) j1p4w8c0nqd9bps2uhneg0pcuxwdrz4 3 152292 840334 2026-05-26T21:26:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840334 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, AsmudEmpire! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/AsmudEmpire|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) cj89yovb5jr1d93og0fy31rfzsy6ou8 3 152293 840335 2026-05-26T21:26:14Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840335 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dudzcar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dudzcar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) i60yzx71121mbkeqhbqe0h1z678d3cw 3 152294 840336 2026-05-26T21:26:24Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840336 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TigerZhang1004! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TigerZhang1004|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) ghv1nvr6zmvv61evf7ye2eecmapc857 3 152295 840337 2026-05-26T21:26:34Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840337 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Angell Eyes! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Angell Eyes|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 75xzby9sz09xnbunklv2ax7kxrvl9mo 3 152296 840338 2026-05-26T21:26:44Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840338 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sandaaske! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sandaaske|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) haatfn4ahu2fagy8yydgu981bijzztk 3 152297 840339 2026-05-26T21:26:54Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840339 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ҆! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/҆|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) qk1l35v5247e819jeh6pdcq9igj8zzs 3 152298 840340 2026-05-26T21:27:04Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 840340 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, The Hsinging Tree! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/The Hsinging Tree|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 26 Mayu 2026 (UTC) 1w5z29g3cfjga4e5mf5uvn88iz243ps 0 152299 840348 2026-05-26T21:56:01Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Messiah FC''' ko kuma '''Messiah Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar [[Lagos]]. Ƙungiyar tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke mayar da hankali wajen gano matasa masu baiwa tare da horas da su domin taka leda a matakin ƙwararru a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messiah Football Club |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Messiah-Football-Club/68265/ |website=Finelib Nigeria |access-date=26 Mayu 2026}}</ref> An b... 840348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Messiah FC''' ko kuma '''Messiah Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar [[Lagos]]. Ƙungiyar tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke mayar da hankali wajen gano matasa masu baiwa tare da horas da su domin taka leda a matakin ƙwararru a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messiah Football Club |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Messiah-Football-Club/68265/ |website=Finelib Nigeria |access-date=26 Mayu 2026}}</ref> An bayyana Messiah FC a matsayin ƙungiyar da ke amfani da ƙwararrun masu horaswa domin koyar da matasa dabarun wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da taimaka musu wajen zama ‘yan wasa na duniya. Kulob ɗin ya yi suna musamman wajen haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa da tura wasu zuwa ƙungiyoyin ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{cite web |title=Messiah Football Club |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Messiah-Football-Club/68265/ |website=Finelib Nigeria |access-date=26 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, tsohon mai horas da ƙungiyar Anthony Ushurhe ya dawo domin taimakawa ƙungiyar wajen shirye-shiryen shiga gasar Manufacturers Cup da kuma Lagos FA Cup. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa kulob ɗin ya gudanar da atisaye mai ƙarfi ƙarƙashin jagorancin Coach Tunde Olayinka domin ƙarfafa ‘yan wasa kafin manyan gasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ushurhe Begins To Drill Messiah Players Ahead Of Manufacturers Cup, Lagos FA Cup |url=https://www.sports247.ng/ushurhe-begins-to-drill-messiah-players-ahead-of-manufacturers-cup-lagos-fa-cup/ |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=31 July 2021 |access-date=26 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Messiah FC ta kuma yi fice wajen fitar da ‘yan wasa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A shekarar 2020, tsohon ɗan wasan gaba na kulob ɗin, John Okoye, ya rattaba hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da ƙungiyar ENPPI SC ta ƙasar Masar. Manajan ƙungiyar, Deji Beecroft, ya bayyana cewa hakan wata babbar nasara ce ga kulob ɗin da kuma ci gaban matasan ‘yan wasa daga Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Messiah Striker Signs Three Years Contract With ENPPI SC |url=https://www.sports247.ng/former-messiah-striker-signs-three-years-contract-with-enppi-sc/ |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=28 December 2020 |access-date=26 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Baya ga John Okoye, rahotanni sun nuna cewa wasu ‘yan wasan Messiah FC kamar John Okoli da Anthony Sodiq sun samu damar komawa ƙungiyoyin ƙasashen Bangladesh da Rasha domin ci gaba da sana’arsu ta ƙwallon ƙafa. Wannan ya nuna yadda kulob ɗin ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa matasan ‘yan wasa daga Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Messiah Striker Signs Three Years Contract With ENPPI SC |url=https://www.sports247.ng/former-messiah-striker-signs-three-years-contract-with-enppi-sc/ |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=28 December 2020 |access-date=26 Mayu nj3zggpo8p9kujc1qjcewcf3oy9um51 0 152300 840349 2026-05-26T21:57:27Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Milars Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda ake ambata cikin jerin sanannun kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Najeriya. An bayyana sunan ƙungiyar a cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da wasu shafukan wasanni na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://goalballliv... 840349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Milars Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda ake ambata cikin jerin sanannun kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Najeriya. An bayyana sunan ƙungiyar a cikin jerin kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya da wasu shafukan wasanni na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://goalballlive.com/football-clubs-in-nigeria/ |title=Football Clubs In Nigeria: See The Detailed List |website=Goalball Live |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Kungiyar na daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ake dangantawa da tsarin ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya wanda ke ƙarƙashin kulawar [[Nigeria Football Federation]]. Duk da cewa bayanai masu yawa kan tarihin ƙungiyar ba su bayyana sosai a manyan kafafen yada labarai ba, an lissafa ta tare da sauran kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya masu rijista.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://isagoal.com/list-of-teams-in-the-npfl/ |title=List Of Teams In The NPFL (Nigeria Professional Football League) |website=Isagoal |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A wasu bayanan da suka shafi harkokin ƙwallon ƙafa da gudanarwa, an kuma ambaci wani kamfani mai suna '''Milars Football Concept Management Company Ltd''' wanda ke aiki a fannin kula da ‘yan wasa da harkokin kwallon kafa a Najeriya. Wannan ya nuna cewa sunan “Milars” yana da alaƙa da harkokin ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa da kula da matasa masu tasowa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.theplayersagent.com/company/3125 |title=MILARS FOOTBALL CONCEPT MANAGEMENT COMPANY LTD |website=The Players' Agent |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[MFM F.C.]] == Manazarta == 7iid17oqtztprcs0oy7w9bh94mx5485 0 152301 840350 2026-05-26T22:00:12Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | clubname = Knights F.C. Ife | fullname = Knights Football Club | nickname = Knights of Oduduwa | founded = 2013 | ground = Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria | league = Nationwide League One | owner = Private ownership }} '''Knights F.C. Ife''' ko kuma '''Knights Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da mazauni a birnin [[Ile-Ife]], a jihar Osun. An kafa ƙungiyar ne domin bunƙasa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa da kuma haɓaka harko... 840350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Knights F.C. Ife | fullname = Knights Football Club | nickname = Knights of Oduduwa | founded = 2013 | ground = Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria | league = Nationwide League One | owner = Private ownership }} '''Knights F.C. Ife''' ko kuma '''Knights Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da mazauni a birnin [[Ile-Ife]], a jihar Osun. An kafa ƙungiyar ne domin bunƙasa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa da kuma haɓaka harkokin wasan a yankin Ile-Ife da kewaye. Ƙungiyar ta taka rawa a gasannin cikin gida da kuma matakan ƙananan rukunan lig na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Knights-Football-Club/59468 |title=Knights Football Club, Ile-Ife |website=Finelib Nigeria |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2013 ƙarƙashin sunan '''Knights of Oduduwa Football Club'''. Mahukuntan ƙungiyar sun bayyana cewa an kirkiro ta ne domin dawo da martabar ƙwallon ƙafa a Ile-Ife, musamman bayan raguwar manyan gasannin makarantu da na unguwanni da suka taba shahara a yankin. Ƙungiyar ta fara ne daga matakin wasannin cikin gida kafin daga bisani ta shiga gasannin jihar Osun da kuma Nationwide League One.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.localgymsandfitness.com/NG/Ile-Ife/333820763399763/Knights-Football-Club |title=Knights Football Club |website=Local Gyms and Fitness |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Knights F.C. ta samu ci gaba a harkar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a jihar Osun, inda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi mayar da hankali wajen gano matasa masu baiwa. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa ƙungiyar ta taɓa lashe gasar jihar Osun kuma ta samu damar shiga matakin Nationwide League One, wanda yake daga cikin matakan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.localgymsandfitness.com/NG/Ile-Ife/333820763399763/Knights-Football-Club |title=Knights Football Club celebrates 10-year journey |website=Local Gyms and Fitness |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2023, mahukuntan ƙungiyar sun sanar da dakatar da ayyukan ƙungiyar bayan shekaru goma da kafuwa. A sanarwar da suka fitar, sun bayyana cewa sun cimma manufar farfaɗo da sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa a Ile-Ife duk da ƙalubalen gudanarwa da suka fuskanta a tsawon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.localgymsandfitness.com/NG/Ile-Ife/333820763399763/Knights-Football-Club |title=Knights FC announces end of club activities |website=Local Gyms and Fitness |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kasance sananniya a tsakanin ƙungiyoyin matasa a yankin kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, musamman wajen ba matasa damar nuna bajintarsu a wasannin cikin gida da na jihohi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.connectnigeria.com/businesses/knights-football-club-1207171 |title=Knights Football Club |website=ConnectNigeria |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nationwide League One]] * [[Ile-Ife]] * [[Jihar Osun]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a jihar Osun]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin kwallon kafa da aka kafa a 2013]] bex00dtmcaqx8vt9d9zcoifh2yzyt6g 0 152302 840351 2026-05-26T22:02:40Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Inter Enugu | fullname = Football Club Inter Enugu | nickname = Inter | founded = | ground = Enugu, Najeriya | league = Enugu State League | season = | position = | manager = | chairman = }} '''FC Inter Enugu''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda take a birnin [[Enugu]], a jihar Enugu. Kungiyar ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa masu tasowa kafin su shiga manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida da wajen N... 840351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = FC Inter Enugu | fullname = Football Club Inter Enugu | nickname = Inter | founded = | ground = Enugu, Najeriya | league = Enugu State League | season = | position = | manager = | chairman = }} '''FC Inter Enugu''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wadda take a birnin [[Enugu]], a jihar Enugu. Kungiyar ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa masu tasowa kafin su shiga manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na cikin gida da wajen Najeriya. An kuma san ƙungiyar da suna '''Internazionale Enugu''' a wasu rahotannin wasanni.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inter Enugu set for state league final football club |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/inter-enugu-set-for-state-league-final-football-club/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria News |date=22 June 2019 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar ta taka rawa a gasar '''Enugu State League''' inda ta kai wasan ƙarshe a shekarar 2019 bayan doke kungiyoyi da dama ciki har da Flying Angels. A wannan kakar, kungiyar ta yi canjaras da PRODA FC sannan ta doke Strikers FC da ci 2–1 kafin ta kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inter Enugu set for state league final football club |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/inter-enugu-set-for-state-league-final-football-club/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria News |date=22 June 2019 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> FC Inter Enugu ta yi fice musamman wajen samar da fitattun ‘yan wasan Najeriya da suka ci gaba a ƙasashen waje. Daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan da suka fara daga kungiyar akwai '''Obinna Nwobodo''', wanda daga baya ya taka leda a [[Rangers International F.C.]] da kuma kungiyar [[FC Cincinnati]] ta Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obinna Nwobodo |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obinna_Nwobodo |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya '''Emeka Eze''' ya fara taka leda a kungiyar kafin ya koma Enugu Rangers sannan daga baya ya taka leda a Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emeka Christian Eze |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeka_Christian_Eze |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Sauran fitattun ‘yan wasan da suka taɓa taka leda ko samun horo a FC Inter Enugu sun haɗa da '''Israel Abia''' da kuma '''Chibuike Ohizu'''. Rahotannin Transfermarkt sun nuna cewa Israel Abia ya fara ne daga FC Inter Enugu kafin ya ci gaba da taka leda a Najeriya da Saudiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Abia - Player profile |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/israel-abia/profil/spieler/742635 |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma Chibuike Ohizu ya taɓa bugawa kungiyar wasa kafin komawarsa ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chibuike Ohizu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibuike_Ohizu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan kungiyoyin da suka taimaka wajen ciyar da harkar ƙwallon ƙafa gaba a jihar Enugu, musamman ta fuskar gano matasa masu hazaka da horas da su domin manyan matakai na ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Inter Enugu set for state league final football club |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/inter-enugu-set-for-state-league-final-football-club/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria News |date=22 June 2019 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * [[Obinna Nwobodo]] * Emeka Eze * Israel Abia * Chibuike Ohizu == Duba kuma == * [[Rangers International F.C.]] * [[Nigeria Nationwide League]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Jihar Enugu]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Enugu]] ```0 bxuzeibyxhvqpch8ptd5wjdqrast51c 0 152303 840352 2026-05-26T22:04:57Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | clubname = Gbagada FC | fullname = Gbagada Football Club | nickname = Blue Eagles | founded = 2013 | ground = Lagos, Najeriya | league = Nationwide League One | website = {{URL|https://gbagadafc.com}} }} '''Gbagada FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a yankin Gbagada da ke jihar Legas. Ƙungiyar tana buga wasa a gasar '''Nationwide League One (NLO)''', wadda ita ce mataki na uku a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya. An f... 840352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Gbagada FC | fullname = Gbagada Football Club | nickname = Blue Eagles | founded = 2013 | ground = Lagos, Najeriya | league = Nationwide League One | website = {{URL|https://gbagadafc.com}} }} '''Gbagada FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a yankin Gbagada da ke jihar Legas. Ƙungiyar tana buga wasa a gasar '''Nationwide League One (NLO)''', wadda ita ce mataki na uku a tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafan Najeriya. An fi sanin ƙungiyar da laƙabin '''Blue Eagles''', kuma ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasan 'yan wasa da tallafawa harkokin ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin tushe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thecreativechampionship.com/clubs/gbagada-fc/ |title=Gbagada FC Club Profile |website=The Creative Championship |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Okwumbu-Imafidon |first=Ruth |title=Gbagada FC – How a community football club is providing entertainment for Lagosians |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/04/17/gbagada-fc-how-a-community-football-club-is-providing-entertainment-for-lagosians/ |work=Nairametrics |date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Gbagada FC a shekarar 2013 bayan sauyin da aka yi daga wata ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa mai suna '''Gboiz FC'''. Ƙungiyar ta samo asali ne daga wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na unguwa a yankin Gbagada, inda wasu matasa masu sha’awar wasa suka haɗu domin kafa ƙungiyar da za ta wakilci yankinsu. Daga baya tsohon ɗan wasan ƙungiyar kuma mai horaswa, '''Akinyelu Olajide''', ya taimaka wajen mayar da ita cikakkiyar ƙungiyar da za ta shiga gasannin Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sartorial.soccer/2019/02/27/gbagada-blue-eagles/ |title=The Rapid Rise of Gbagada’s Blue Eagles |website=Sartorial Soccer |date=2019-02-27 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A farkon shekarunta, ƙungiyar ta fi mayar da hankali ne kan wasannin ƙananan fili na ''five-a-side'', amma daga baya ta faɗaɗa zuwa cikakkiyar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa. A shekarar 2017 ne ta fara shiga tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya, inda cikin ɗan lokaci ta samu matsayi a mataki na uku na ƙwallon ƙafan ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sartorial.soccer/2019/02/27/gbagada-blue-eagles/ |title=The Rapid Rise of Gbagada’s Blue Eagles |website=Sartorial Soccer |date=2019-02-27 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Gasanni == Gbagada FC tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke fafatawa a '''Nationwide League One''', gasar da ake ɗauka a matsayin mataki na uku a Najeriya. Ƙungiyar ta kasance tana fafatawa da wasu manyan ƙungiyoyin Legas a rukunan NLO daban-daban. A kakar 2023–24, an saka Gbagada FC cikin cibiyar Legas tare da ƙungiyoyi kamar Dannaz FC da Lekki United. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianationwideleague.com |title=NLO List Venues for 2023/2024 Zonal League |website=Nigeria Nationwide League |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Gbagada FC ta fafata da FC Bulmaro a gasar NLO a filin wasa na Legacy Pitch da ke Legas, wasan da ya jawo hankalin masu bibiyar ƙwallon ƙafan matasa a Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite news |title=FC Bulmaro Lagos, Tops Group A1 Nationwide League One |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2019/06/22/fc-bulmaro-lagos-tops-group-a1-nationwide-league-one/ |work=THISDAYLIVE |date=2019-06-22 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Ci gaban matasa == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin Gbagada FC shi ne bunƙasa matasa masu baiwar ƙwallon ƙafa. Shugaban ƙungiyar, Olajide Akinyelu, ya bayyana cewa an kafa ƙungiyar ne domin samar da dama ga matasan yankin Gbagada su samu ci gaba a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa tare da samun damar taka leda a ƙasashen waje. Hakan ya sa ƙungiyar ke gudanar da shirye-shiryen horaswa da ci gaban matasa a kai a kai. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Okwumbu-Imafidon |first=Ruth |title=Gbagada FC – How a community football club is providing entertainment for Lagosians |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/04/17/gbagada-fc-how-a-community-football-club-is-providing-entertainment-for-lagosians/ |work=Nairametrics |date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kuma yi suna wajen haɗa harkar ƙwallon ƙafa da nishaɗi da al’umma, musamman a yankin Shomolu da Gbagada na jihar Legas, inda take jawo hankalin matasa da masoya wasanni zuwa filayen wasa. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Okwumbu-Imafidon |first=Ruth |title=Gbagada FC – How a community football club is providing entertainment for Lagosians |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/04/17/gbagada-fc-how-a-community-football-club-is-providing-entertainment-for-lagosians/ |work=Nairametrics |date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Laƙabi == Ana kiran ƙungiyar da suna '''Blue Eagles''', laƙabin da ya samo asali daga kayan wasansu masu launin shuɗi da kuma alamar gaggafa da ake amfani da ita wajen wakiltar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thecreativechampionship.com/team/gbagada-fc/ |title=Gbagada FC Team Profile |website=The Creative Championship |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nationwide League One]] * [[Ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ```0 c24hbkp706rc432msaaglfk5pstgkw5 0 152304 840353 2026-05-26T22:08:30Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | clubname = Cynosure FC | fullname = Cynosure Football Club | nickname = Centre of Attraction | ground = Pa Ngele Oruta Stadium | capacity = | owner = | chairman = Prince Chidiebere Nwaeze | manager = | league = Nationwide League One | season = | position = | website = }} '''Cynosure Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Cynosure FC''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da alaƙa da jihar Ebonyi. Kungiyar tana taka rawa a gasar ƙa... 840353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Cynosure FC | fullname = Cynosure Football Club | nickname = Centre of Attraction | ground = Pa Ngele Oruta Stadium | capacity = | owner = | chairman = Prince Chidiebere Nwaeze | manager = | league = Nationwide League One | season = | position = | website = }} '''Cynosure Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Cynosure FC''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da alaƙa da jihar Ebonyi. Kungiyar tana taka rawa a gasar ƙananan rukunan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya, musamman a gasar Nationwide League One (NLO), kuma ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasan ‘yan wasa da shirye-shiryen ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa na matakin tushe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/cynosure-fc-of-ebonyi-state-ready-to-storm-governor-wike-tournament/ |title=Cynosure Fc Of Ebonyi State Ready To Storm Governor Wike Tournament |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Nigeria |title=List of football clubs in Nigeria |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar ta yi fice a wasannin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa da kuma gasannin jihohi a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya. A shekarar 2019, Cynosure FC ta shiga gasar South East/South South Preseason Tournament karo na uku, inda ta shiga gasar a matsayin mai kare kambun bayan nasarar da ta samu a baya ƙarƙashin jagorancin koci Ayodeji Ayeni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/cynosure-fc-commits-to-2019-south-east-south-south-preseason-tournament/ |title=Cynosure FC commits to 2019 South East/South South Preseason Tournament |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=9 August 2019 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodeji_Ayeni |title=Ayodeji Ayeni |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, kungiyar ta shiga gasar Governor Wike Tournament da aka gudanar a Port Harcourt. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa kungiyar ta kasance cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi mayar da hankali wajen bunƙasa matasan ‘yan wasa da samar da dama ga masu tasowa a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/cynosure-fc-of-ebonyi-state-ready-to-storm-governor-wike-tournament/ |title=Cynosure Fc Of Ebonyi State Ready To Storm Governor Wike Tournament |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=5 November 2020 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Cynosure FC ta kuma fafata wasannin sada zumunci da manyan kungiyoyin Najeriya domin ƙara ƙwarewar ‘yan wasanta. A watan Janairun 2020, kungiyar ta kara da Vandrezzer FC a Akwa Ibom a wasan sada zumunci kafin fara kakar gasar NLO.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/friendly-vandrezzer-face-cynosure-without-key-players/ |title=FRIENDLY: Vandrezzer face Cynosure without key players |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=18 January 2020 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2024, Cynosure FC ta buga wasan sada zumunci da kungiyar Bendel Insurance FC domin shirye-shiryen kakar gasar Nigeria Premier Football League ta 2024/2025. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1–1 bayan Goodluck Oniuksu ya farke kwallon da Bendel Insurance ta fara jefawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianobservernews.com/2024/08/bendel-insurance-fc-in-close-camping-forced-to-a-1-1-draw-by-cynosure-fc/ |title=Bendel Insurance FC in close camping, forced to a 1-1 draw by Cynosure FC |website=Nigerian Observer |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar ta kasance cikin masu fafatawa a gasar Ebonyi State Federation Cup. A shekarar 2026, Cynosure FC ta kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar amma ta sha kashi a hannun Abakaliki FC da ci 1–0 a filin wasa na Pa Ngele Oruta Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/abakaliki-fc-win-2026-ebonyi-fa-cup-after-narrow |title=Abakaliki FC Win 2026 Ebonyi FA Cup After Narrow Victory Over Cynosure FC |website=Africa Sport Network |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Shugaban kungiyar, Prince Chidiebere Nwaeze, ya samu yabo daga wasu masu ruwa da tsaki a harkar wasanni saboda tsarin gudanarwar kungiyar. A shekarar 2020, shugaban kamfanin Slot Systems Limited, Engr. Nnamdi Ezeigbo, ya bayyana goyon bayansa ga kungiyar bayan karɓar kyautar rigar kungiyar daga mahukuntanta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/engr-ezeigbo-shows-support-for-cynosure-fc/ |title=Engr. Ezeigbo Shows Support For Cynosure FC |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=10 October 2020 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == al3om93sqznxpzczo54up9y8o2mzbyq 0 152305 840354 2026-05-26T22:10:53Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Collins Edwin F.C. | fullname = Collins Edwin Sports Club | nickname = The Gladiators | founded = 2010 | ground = Lagos, Najeriya | league = Nationwide League One | owner = Chief Ossy Edwin Nwokeabia | chairman = Ossy Edwin Nwokeabia }} '''Collins Edwin F.C.''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Collins Edwin Sports Club''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Legas. An kafa ƙungiyar ne domin bunƙasa hazikan matasan '... 840354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Collins Edwin F.C. | fullname = Collins Edwin Sports Club | nickname = The Gladiators | founded = 2010 | ground = Lagos, Najeriya | league = Nationwide League One | owner = Chief Ossy Edwin Nwokeabia | chairman = Ossy Edwin Nwokeabia }} '''Collins Edwin F.C.''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Collins Edwin Sports Club''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke da hedikwata a jihar Legas. An kafa ƙungiyar ne domin bunƙasa hazikan matasan 'yan wasa tare da tallata su zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi a Najeriya da ƙasashen waje. Ana kuma yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''The Gladiators'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.woermann-nigeria.com/englisch_ng/blog/c_woermann_supports_football_acacdemy/ |title=C. Woermann Supports Football Academy |publisher=C. Woermann Nigeria |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Collins-Edwin-Sports-Club/68101 |title=Collins Edwin Sports Club |publisher=Finelib Nigeria |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta samu karɓuwa a fagen haɓaka matasa masu baiwar ƙwallon ƙafa, inda shugabanninta suka bayyana cewa babban manufarsu ita ce horar da matasa da kuma haɗa su da manyan ƙungiyoyi domin ci gaban sana’arsu. A shekarar 2023, babban manajan ƙungiyar Ugwu Jay Uche ya bayyana cewa Collins Edwin F.C. za ta ci gaba da mayar da hankali wajen bunƙasa matasa da tallata su zuwa ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/development-of-players-is-our-priority-says-collins-edwin-manager/ |title=Development Of Players Is Our Priority Says Collins Edwin Manager |publisher=Sports247 Nigeria |date=11 January 2023 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, kamfanin Jamus mai suna C. Woermann tare da wakilan DLT Sportmanagement sun kai ziyara cibiyar horaswar ƙungiyar domin gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da horaswa ga matasan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa an gudanar da atisayen fasaha da gwajin saurin gudu domin bai wa 'yan wasan damar samun kulawa daga masu neman hazaka daga Turai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.woermann-nigeria.com/englisch_ng/blog/c_woermann_supports_football_acacdemy/ |title=C. Woermann Supports Football Academy |publisher=C. Woermann Nigeria |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Collins Edwin Sports Club ta samu tikitin shiga gasar Nigeria National League bayan ta doke Ijebu United a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar. Sai dai daga baya ƙungiyar ta sauya gurbin nata da na Osun United saboda matsalolin kuɗi kamar yadda rahoton BSN Sports ya bayyana.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/osun-united-returns-to-national-league |title=Osun United returns to National League |publisher=BSN Sports |date=8 November 2019 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kuma shiga gasar Lagos FA Cup inda ta yi fice a wasu lok tcxcuxnc3a9ru7ichvwpk4peraatdht 0 152306 840357 2026-05-26T22:15:51Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Ablaze FC | fullname = Ablaze Football Club | nickname = The Blazers | founded = 2013 | ground = Ipakan Youth and Sport Development Center | capacity = | owner = Samuel Oluwafisayo Osho | league = Nationwide League One | position = | website = }} '''Ablaze FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wacce ke da hedikwata a Ikorodu, jihar Legas, Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2013 domin bunƙasa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa ta... 840357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Ablaze FC | fullname = Ablaze Football Club | nickname = The Blazers | founded = 2013 | ground = Ipakan Youth and Sport Development Center | capacity = | owner = Samuel Oluwafisayo Osho | league = Nationwide League One | position = | website = }} '''Ablaze FC''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wacce ke da hedikwata a Ikorodu, jihar Legas, Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 2013 domin bunƙasa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa tare da gano hazikan 'yan wasa daga matakin ƙasa. Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da ayyukanta ta hannun '''Ablaze Football Academy''' kuma ta shiga gasar [[Nationwide League One]] (NLO), ɗaya daga cikin manyan matakan gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ablaze-announces-milo-as-sponsor-ahead-of-nlo-debut-2023032921070435144 |title=Ablaze announces Milo as sponsor ahead of NLO debut |publisher=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=29 March 2023 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Ablaze FC ne a shekarar 2013 karkashin jagorancin Samuel Oluwafisayo Osho domin samar da wata cibiyar horas da matasa masu sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. Tun bayan kafuwarta, ƙungiyar ta mayar da hankali wajen horas da matasa da shirya su zuwa manyan kungiyoyi ta hanyar shiga gasa daban-daban na matasan ƙwallon ƙafa a ƙasar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ablaze-qualifies-for-bayern-youth-cup-nigeria-national-finals-2023042706171289953 |title=Ablaze qualifies for Bayern Youth Cup Nigeria National finals |publisher=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=27 April 2023 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta samu kulawa sosai daga kafafen yaɗa labarai bayan sanar da haɗin gwiwa da kamfanin '''Milo''' kafin fara wasanta na farko a gasar Nationwide League One. Wannan haɗin gwiwa ya taimaka wajen ƙara wa ƙungiyar farin jini musamman a yankin Ikorodu na jihar Legas.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ablaze-announces-milo-as-sponsor-ahead-of-nlo-debut-2023032921070435144 |title=Ablaze announces Milo as sponsor ahead of NLO debut |publisher=Pulse Sports Nigeria |date=29 March 2023 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> == Bayern Youth Cup == Ablaze Football Academy ta samu gagarumar nasara a shekarar 2018 bayan lashe gasar '''FC Bayern Youth Cup Nigeria''' bayan doke Abuja Sporting Dreams a wasan ƙarshe. Wannan nasarar ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin fitattun makarantun horas da matasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/ablaze-fc-beats-abuja-sporting-dreams-to-win-bayern-youth-cup/ |title=Ablaze FC beats Abuja Sporting Dreams to win Bayern Youth Cup |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=13 March 2018 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Ablaze ta sake kaiwa matakin ƙarshe na gasar bayan doke Clique Sports da ci 3–1 a wasan ƙarshe na neman gurbin shiga babban matakin ƙasa. Wannan ya kara tabbatar da matsayin ƙungiyar a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin horas da matasa mafi tasiri a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/ablaze-qualifies-for-bayern-youth-cup-nigeria-national-finals-2023042706171289953 |title=Ablaze qualifies for Bayern rf6r7g6gd85q8a3oh2c12bytvtmtoru 0 152307 840358 2026-05-26T22:20:42Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | clubname = Rangers International F.C. | image = Rangers International FC logo.png | fullname = Rangers International Football Club | nickname = Flying Antelopes | founded = 1970 | ground = Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, Enugu | capacity = 22,000 | chairman = Amobi Ezeaku | manager = Fidelis Ilechukwu | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2025–26 | position = 1st }} '''Rangers International Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Enugu Rang... 840358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | clubname = Rangers International F.C. | image = Rangers International FC logo.png | fullname = Rangers International Football Club | nickname = Flying Antelopes | founded = 1970 | ground = Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium, Enugu | capacity = 22,000 | chairman = Amobi Ezeaku | manager = Fidelis Ilechukwu | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2025–26 | position = 1st }} '''Rangers International Football Club''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Enugu Rangers''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Najeriya da ke birnin Enugu a jihar Enugu. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1970 bayan yaƙin basasar Najeriya, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi shahara a Najeriya. Rangers tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na [[Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_International_F.C. |title=Rangers International F.C. |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Kungiyar Rangers tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin Najeriya da ba su taɓa faɗuwa daga babban gasar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya ba. A shekarun 1970 da 1980, ƙungiyar ta yi fice sosai inda ta lashe kofunan lig da dama tare da cin kofin FA na Najeriya sau da yawa. An san ƙungiyar da laƙabin '''Flying Antelopes''' saboda salon wasanta mai sauri da kayatarwa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_International_F.C. |title=History of Rangers International FC |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Rangers ta samu gagarumar nasara a nahiyar Afirka bayan da ta kai wasan ƙarshe na '''African Cup of Champions Clubs''' a shekarar 1975. A shekarar 1977 kuma ta lashe '''African Cup Winners' Cup''' bayan doke Canon Yaoundé daga Kamaru a wasan ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_International_F.C. |title=Rangers International Continental Achievements |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> A cikin gida, Rangers ta lashe gasar lig ta Najeriya sau da dama ciki har da nasarorin shekarun 1974, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1984, 2016 da kuma 2024. A shekarar 2026, kungiyar ta sake kafa tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na tara bayan doke Ikorodu City da ci 2–1.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://telegraph.ng/news/2026/05/24/enugu-rangers-beat-ikorodu-city-2-1-to-clinch-historic-9th-npfl-title/ |title=Enugu Rangers beat Ikorodu City to clinch historic 9th NPFL title |publisher=The Telegraph Nigeria |date=24 May 2026 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Rangers tana da babbar hamayya da kungiyar [[Enyimba F.C.]] daga Aba, wanda ake kira '''Oriental Derby'''. Wasannin da ke tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu na daga cikin manyan wasannin da ake kallo a Najeriya saboda tarihin nasarorin da suka samu da kuma goyon bayan magoya baya masu yawa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_International_F.C. |title=Rivalries of Rangers International FC |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan da suka taba bugawa Rangers sun haɗa da Christian Chukwu, Emmanuel Okala, Jay-Jay Okocha, John Utaka da Adokiye Amiesimaka. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙungiyar a Najeriya da ma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_International_F.C. |title=Notable Players of Rangers International FC |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> == Manyan Kofuna == === Gasar Najeriya === * Nigeria Premier League ** Zakara (9): 1974, 1975, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1984, 2016, 2024, 2026<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/breaking-enugu-rangers-crowned-champions-of-npfl-for-record-ninth-time/ |title=Enugu Rangers crowned champions of NPFL for record ninth time |publisher=Vanguard News |date=24 May 2026 |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> === Nigerian FA Cup === * Winners (6): 1974, 1975, 1976, 1981, 1983, 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_International_F.C. |title=Rangers Honours |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> === Nahiyar Afirka === * African Cup Winners' Cup ** Winners (1): 1977<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangers_International_F.C. |title=CAF Achievements of Rangers International |website=Wikipedia |access-date=26 May 2026}}</ref> == Filin Wasa == Kungiyar tana amfani da '''Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium''' da ke Enugu a matsayin filin was 7g7oz2dymttmji153eao7ifje55obn1 0 152308 840359 2026-05-26T22:22:44Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox football club | clubname = Enyimba F.C. | image = Enyimba FC logo.png | fullname = Enyimba Football Club | nickname = People's Elephant | founded = 1976 | ground = Enyimba International Stadium | capacity = 25,000 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Abia | chairman = Nwankwo Kanu | manager = | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2024–25 | position = NPFL | website = }} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Ji... 840359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Enyimba F.C. | image = Enyimba FC logo.png | fullname = Enyimba Football Club | nickname = People's Elephant | founded = 1976 | ground = Enyimba International Stadium | capacity = 25,000 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Abia | chairman = Nwankwo Kanu | manager = | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2024–25 | position = NPFL | website = }} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Jihar Abia. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{Infobox football club | clubname = Enyimba F.C. | image = Enyimba FC logo.png | fullname = Enyimba Football Club | nickname = People's Elephant | founded = 1976 | ground = Enyimba International Stadium | capacity = 25,000 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Abia | chairman = Nwankwo Kanu | manager = | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2024–25 | position = NPFL | website = }} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Jihar Abia. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] dc729vzpolbnu4cri3zvuxau5se30n9 840400 840359 2026-05-27T06:47:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 840400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} {{Infobox football club | clubname = Enyimba F.C. | image = Enyimba FC logo.png | fullname = Enyimba Football Club | nickname = People's Elephant | founded = 1976 | ground = Enyimba International Stadium | capacity = 25,000 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Abia | chairman = Nwankwo Kanu | manager = | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2024–25 | position = NPFL | website = }} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Jihar Abia. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{Infobox football club | clubname = Enyimba F.C. | image = Enyimba FC logo.png | fullname = Enyimba Football Club | nickname = People's Elephant | founded = 1976 | ground = Enyimba International Stadium | capacity = 25,000 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Abia | chairman = Nwankwo Kanu | manager = | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2024–25 | position = NPFL | website = }} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Jihar Abia. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] jswv7kofbmgu86rypc3kwtk7knkql94 840402 840400 2026-05-27T06:50:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 840402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Enyimba F.C. | image = Enyimba FC logo.png | fullname = Enyimba Football Club | nickname = People's Elephant | founded = 1976 | ground = Enyimba International Stadium | capacity = 25,000 | owner = Gwamnatin Jihar Abia | chairman = Nwankwo Kanu | manager = | league = Nigeria Premier Football League | season = 2024–25 | position = NPFL | website = }} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Jihar Abia. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] mg29i9mvjbwkdmducmtwm0t9pjq1nu9 840404 840402 2026-05-27T06:51:23Z Uncle Bash007 9891 840404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Jihar Abia. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] t3edmfi4hsfwr7zfc7zqlk624qkese6 840405 840404 2026-05-27T06:52:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 840405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya da ke birnin Aba a Jihar Abia. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] iygvmklbxdy9r0n4sx7jnphck1be61g 840406 840405 2026-05-27T06:53:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 840406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar '''CAF Champions League''' sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar, '''Enyimba International Stadium''', yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] sluisgy6qnb9q7fobc4eupo9766iqm3 840407 840406 2026-05-27T06:54:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 840407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar [[CAF Champions League]] sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar,[[Enyimba International Stadium]], yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin derby a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] 7omt2ai7icfpm5c6rue1wfodahww5zm 840408 840407 2026-05-27T06:55:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 840408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar [[CAF Champions League]] sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar,[[Enyimba International Stadium]], yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin turnuƙu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * '''CAF Champions League''' ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] 5u4iwzxq9w3vhstsvkv0ux7p1x1524y 840409 840408 2026-05-27T06:55:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin nasarori */ 840409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar [[CAF Champions League]] sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar,[[Enyimba International Stadium]], yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin turnuƙu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * [[CAF Champions League]] ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * '''CAF Super Cup''' ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * '''Nigeria Premier Football League''' ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] i0gxvw0z0rk5gmt684fec92e5fld6og 840410 840409 2026-05-27T06:56:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin nasarori */ 840410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar [[CAF Champions League]] sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar,[[Enyimba International Stadium]], yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin turnuƙu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == * [[CAF Champions League]] ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * [[CAF Super Cup]] ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] da24mlmie4m7ziwboebbsz3cplvqz94 840413 840410 2026-05-27T06:59:09Z Uncle Bash007 9891 patrolled✅ 840413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar [[CAF Champions League]] sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar,[[Enyimba International Stadium]], yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin turnuƙu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == === Gida Najeriya === ** '''Nigerian Premier League''' *** '''Ta lashe (9):''' 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009–10, 2015, 2019, 2023 ** '''Nigerian FA Cup''' *** '''Ta lashe (4):''' 2005, 2009, 2013, 2014 ** '''National Second Division''' *** '''Ta lashe (1):''' 1993 ** '''Nigerian Super Cup''' *** '''Ta lashe (4):''' 2001, 2003, 2010, 2013 * [[CAF Champions League]] ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * [[CAF Super Cup]] ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] l3h23ffv4jvqepqjxxosdmdzk8eqkql 840414 840413 2026-05-27T06:59:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin nasarori */ 840414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar [[CAF Champions League]] sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar,[[Enyimba International Stadium]], yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin turnuƙu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == === Gida Najeriya === * '''Nigerian Premier League''' ** '''Ta lashe (9):''' 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009–10, 2015, 2019, 2023 * '''Nigerian FA Cup''' ** '''Ta lashe (4):''' 2005, 2009, 2013, 2014 * '''National Second Division''' ** '''Ta lashe (1):''' 1993 * '''Nigerian Super Cup''' ** '''Ta lashe (4):''' 2001, 2003, 2010, 2013 * [[CAF Champions League]] ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * [[CAF Super Cup]] ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] 7w2nug03n7j7yjvgsczb5j71kd25xlc 840415 840414 2026-05-27T07:00:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gida Najeriya */ 840415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enyimba Football Club''' ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta[[Najeriya]] da ke [[Aba|birnin Aba Aba]] a [[Jihar Abia]]. Ana yi wa ƙungiyar laƙabi da '''People’s Elephant''' kuma tana daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi nasara a tarihin Najeriya. An kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 1976, kuma tana buga wasanninta a filin wasa na Enyimba International Stadium da ke Aba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://npfl.com.ng/club/enyimbafc/ |title=Enyimba FC – Nigeria Premier Football League |publisher=NPFL |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta fara samun shahara sosai ne bayan fara gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a Najeriya a shekarun 1990. Bayan wasu shekaru tana fama da rashin tabbataccen matsayi a gasar, ƙungiyar ta fara zama babbar ƙungiya a farkon shekarun 2000, inda ta lashe kofunan NPFL da dama tare da kafa tarihi a nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ita ce ƙungiyar Najeriya ta farko da ta lashe gasar [[CAF Champions League]] sau biyu a jere, a shekarun 2003 da 2004. Wannan nasara ta sanya ƙungiyar cikin jerin manyan kungiyoyin Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/?p=2665337 |title=Enyimba FC: African giant hobbled by politics, poor governance |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2025-08-28 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2003, Enyimba ta samu lambar yabo ta mafi kyawun ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa a Afirka, yayin da kocinta Kadiri Ikhana ya zama mafi kyawun koci a nahiyar. Haka kuma mai tsaron ragar ƙungiyar Vincent Enyeama ya yi fice sosai bayan rawar da ya taka wajen lashe CAF Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyimba_F.C. |title=Enyimba F.C. |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Enyimba ta kasance mafi yawan lashe kofin gasar NPFL a Najeriya. Zuwa shekarar 2023, ƙungiyar ta lashe kofin lig sau tara, ciki har da nasarar da ta samu a kakar 2022/2023 bayan gasar Super Six playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/06/12/enyimba-fc-emerge-2022-2023-npfl-champions/ |title=Enyimba FC emerge 2022/2023 NPFL champions |publisher=P.M. News |date=2023-06-12 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Enyimba ta kafa sabon tarihi bayan lashe kofin NPFL karo na takwas, inda ta zarce Rangers International a yawan kofunan lig da aka taɓa lashewa a Najeriya. Ta samu wannan nasara ne bayan doke Akwa United da ci 3–0 a wasan Super Six Championship playoffs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://independent.ng/are-enyimba-good-enough-to-win-caf-champions-league-after-15-years-of-waiting/ |title=Are Enyimba Good Enough To Win CAF Champions League After 15 Years Of Waiting? |publisher=Independent Nigeria |date=2019-09-01 |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Filin wasan ƙungiyar,[[Enyimba International Stadium]], yana cikin Aba kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun filayen wasa a Najeriya. Magoya bayan ƙungiyar suna daga cikin mafi yawan goyon baya a gasar NPFL saboda tarihin nasarorin da ƙungiyar ta samu a cikin gida da kuma nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> Rikicin hamayya tsakanin Enyimba da Rangers International na Enugu yana daga cikin manyan wasannin turnuƙu a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya. Ana kallon wasan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan fafatawa a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya saboda tarihin kungiyoyin biyu a gasar cikin gida da ta nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nigerianmatchday.com/team-hub/enyimba-fc-history/ |title=Enyimba FC: The Complete Club Profile |publisher=Nigerian Matchday |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> == Tarihin nasarori == === Gida Najeriya === * '''Nigerian Premier League''' ** '''Ta lashe (9):''' 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009–10, 2015, 2019, 2023 * '''Nigerian FA Cup''' ** '''Ta lashe (4):''' 2005, 2009, 2013, 2014 * '''National Second Division''' ** '''Ta lashe (1):''' 1993 * '''Nigerian Super Cup''' ** '''Ta lashe (4):''' 2001, 2003, 2010, 2013 === Nahiya === * [[CAF Champions League]] ** Zakara: 2003, 2004 * [[CAF Super Cup]] ** Zakara: 2004, 2005 * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] ** Zakara: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2019, 2023 == Fitattun 'yan wasa == * Vincent Enyeama * Mfon Udoh * Chinedu Udoji * Obinna Nwaneri * Anayo Iwuala == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] * [[CAF Champions League]] == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] {{reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a 1976]] [[Category:Jihar Abia]] kvtv9g1xw95jr7lf3yqakda5n2tisfe 0 152309 840392 2026-05-27T06:09:04Z AKA024 30597 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350587877|Awka-Etiti]]" 840392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Awka-Etiti|native_name=|native_name_lang=<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->|settlement_type=Town|image_skyline=Privately tarred road in Awka-Etiti, Nigeria.jpg|image_caption=Village road in Awka-Etiti|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_shield=|image_map=|map_caption=Location within Awka-Etiti in the state of [[Anambra]]|pushpin_map=Nigeria<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|coordinates={{coord|6|2|9|N|6|58|57|E|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=NG|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Anambra State]]|subdivision_type2=[[Local Government Areas in Nigeria|LGA]]|subdivision_name2=[[Idemili South]]|established_title=|established_date=|founder=Diedo|government_type=Traditional|leader_party=|leader_title=HRH The Obi|leader_name=Eze-Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenna|leader_title1=Governing&nbsp;body|leader_name1=Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU), Igwe-In-Council.|leader_title2=Traditional&nbsp;ruler|leader_name2=Obi of Awka-Etiti HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenna<ref>Coronation of Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenna https://www.sunnewsonline.com/awka-etiti-ends-13-year-crisis-celebrates-coronation-of-monarch/</ref>|unit_pref=Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- square kilometres -->|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|elevation_m=|population_footnotes=|population_total=|population_as_of=|population_density_km2=auto|population_blank1_title=Ethnicity|population_blank1=[[Igbo people|Igbo]]|population_blank2_title=Religion|population_blank2=Christianity, [[Omenala]]|timezone1=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset1=+1|timezone1_DST=|utc_offset1_DST=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=|area_code_type=|area_code=|website=<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Awka-Etiti</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Privately_tarred_road_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|250x250px|Village road in Awka-Etiti]]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Hanyar ƙauye a Awka-Etiti</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Awka-Etiti is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:79.642%;left:38.327%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Awka-Etiti]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Awka-Etiti</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Wurin da yake a Najeriya</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hanyar daidaitawa (NG): 6°2′9′′N 6°58′57′′E / 6.03583°N 6.98250°E / 6. 03583; 6.98250) &#x20;<indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Awka-Etiti&params=6_2_9_N_6_58_57_E_type:city_region:NG-AN <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°2′9″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°58′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.03583°N 6.98250°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">6.03583; 6.98250</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |<span class="flagicon nowrap">[[Fayil:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]] </span>[[Najeriya]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jiha]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|LGA]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Idemili ta Kudu]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi da | class="infobox-data" |Rashin cin abinci |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Irin wannan&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Al'ada |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• HRH Obi&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Eze-Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenna |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Kungiyar da ke mulki&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU), Igwe-In-Council. |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Mai mulki na gargajiya&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Obi na Awka-Etiti HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenna |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ƙabilar&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |[[Inyamurai|Ibo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Addini&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |Kiristanci [[Al'adun Igbo|Omenala]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 ([[Lokacin Yammacin Afirka|WAT]]) |} '''Awka-Etiti''' (lafazi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti<nowiki>''</nowiki>), wanda a tarihi aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Diedo<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Igbo: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ọka Diedo<nowiki>''</nowiki>), sannan daga baya marubutan mulkin mallaka suka kira shi <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Okankaku), gari ne mai ci gaba da yalwar tattalin arziki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka bakwai a Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Idemili ta Kudu]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ƙauyukan bakwai na Awka-Etiti bisa tsarin shekarun kafuwarsu su ne: Nkolofia, Umunocha, Ejighinandu, Iruowelle, Umudunu, Nnaba da Ogunzele. Al’ummar asalin Awka-Etiti na daga cikin ƙabilar [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]], kuma garin yana cikin [[Kasar Inyamurai|yankin al’adun Igbo]], kilomita 24 daga [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] a arewa maso gabashin [[Onitsha]], kilomita 16 daga Nri, da kilomita 2 daga [[Igbo-Ukwu]]. Awka-Etiti yana iyaka da Ichida, Azigbo, Nnokwa, Nnewi, Nnobi da Amichi. Babban harshen da ake magana da shi a garin shi ne karin [[harshen Igbo]] na Idemili. A shekarar 2005, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Awka-Etiti da kusan mutane 35,000. Haka kuma akwai dimbin 'yan asalin garin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, waɗanda gudummawarsu ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin garin. == Tarihi == === Tarihin kafin mulkin mallaka === Tarihin Awka-Etiti kafin shekarar 1900 bai samu rubuce-rubuce ba, sai dai ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyi da al’adun baka. Bisa binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a Igbo-Ukwu, wanda yake kilomita biyu kacal daga Awka-Etiti, an tabbatar cewa yankin ya kasance mazaunin al’ummar Igbo tun kafin ƙarni na tara Miladiyya. Yankin ya kasance cibiyar masana’antar sarrafa ƙarafa mai bunƙasa, tare da tsohuwar hulɗar kasuwanci, zamantakewa da al’adu tsakanin yankin da [[tsohuwar Masar]]. Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar gano tarin lu’ulu’u da ƙwayoyin ado na cornelian a wuraren binciken, wasu daga cikinsu an ƙera su ne a tsohuwar Alkahira a masana’antun [[Fustat]]. A tarihin baka na yankin akwai ruwayoyi daban-daban game da asalin Awka-Etiti, waɗanda ke danganta garin da zuriyar gama-gari tare da wasu tsoffin garuruwa na yankin. Garuruwan Uke, Ojoto, Nnobi da Nnewi ana danganta su da asalin zuriya ɗaya da Awka-Etiti. Dukkanin ruwayoyin baka suna danganta kafuwar Awka-Etiti ga wani mutum mai suna Diedo. A wasu ruwayoyin, an ce shi ɗan Ezenne ne. Ezenne kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗan’uwan Uke da Ojoto. Ezenne yana da ’ya’ya biyu maza da mace guda. Sunayen ’ya’yan mazan su ne Okwuike da Diedo, yayin da sunan ’yar shi ne Edo. Edo ta auri Ezemewi wanda ake danganta kafuwar Nnewi gare shi. Okwuike kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin mahaifin Nnobi. Diedo ya haifi ɗa guda ɗaya mai suna Okagbado. Bayan mutuwar Ezenne, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin Okwuike da Diedo kan rabon dukiyar mahaifinsu, lamarin da ya sa Diedo da ɗansa Okagbado suka bar gidansu na kakanni da ke bakin Kogin Obiaja suka koma wani wuri mai suna Ogwuwgu Diedo a yankin Iruowelle na yanzu a Awka-Etiti. Okagbado ya auri mata uku waɗanda suka haifa masa ’ya’ya maza tara. Matar farko ta haifi Ezioka da Umoh. Ta biyu ta haifi Nkolofia, Ejighnandu, Iruowelle da Ogunzele, yayin da ta uku ta haifi Ocha, Dunuezue da Nnaba. Waɗannan su ne ƙauyuka tara na asalin Awka-Etiti. Daga baya, Umoh da Ezioka sun shiga mummunan yaƙin cikin gida wanda ya kusa shafe su baki ɗaya. Duk bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da mayaƙan haya daga [[Ohafia]] da [[Abam]]. Ragowar mutanen Ezioka daga baya suka haɗe da ƙauyen Nkolofia, yayin da na Umoh suka haɗe da Ejighinandu, abin da ya rage Awka-Etiti da ƙauyuka bakwai har zuwa yau. Tsakanin kimanin shekarar 1760 zuwa 1900, tarihin Awka-Diedo ya kasance cike da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani da garuruwan maƙwabta saboda manufofin faɗaɗa iko. Musamman, Nnewi ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe masu yawa da Awka-Diedo kan rikicin iyakoki. Haka kuma Nnokwa, Amichi, Azigbo da Ichida sun taɓa yin yaƙi da Awka-Diedo a lokuta daban-daban. Jarumta da dabarun mayaƙan Awka-Etiti, ciki har da tono ramuka a bayan layin maƙiya da kafa tarkuna, sun sa maƙiyansu suka girmama su tare da ba su laƙabin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda <nowiki>''</nowiki>nkakwu<nowiki>''</nowiki> a harshen Igbo ke nufin dabbar skunk. Wannan laƙabi daga baya ya zama suna da maƙwabta ke kiran garin. Kamar yadda E. R. Dallah da E. C. Nzewi suka bayyana: {{Blockquote|A wannan lokaci ne Oka-Diedo ta samu laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu''' saboda dimbin dabarun yaƙi da mutanenta ke amfani da su wajen fatattakar maƙiya. A wasu lokuta suna haƙa manyan ramuka masu zurfi a muhimman wurare, sannan su kafa kaifafan sandunan gora a cikinsu. Daga baya sukan rufe ramukan da ciyawa domin ɓoye su yadda ba za a gane akwai su ba. Sau da yawa ana jan mayaƙan maƙiya zuwa cikin waɗannan ramuka na tarko, inda sandunan gorar ke huda jikinsu har hanjinsu na fito wa waje. A wasu lokutan kuma, mayaƙan Oka-Diedo kan haƙa hanyoyi ko ramuka a bayan sansanonin maƙiya, su kai musu farmaki daga baya cikin bazata tare da tarwatsa su gaba ɗaya. Irin waɗannan jarumtaka da dabarun yaƙi masu tayar da hankali sun sanya mayaƙan Nnewi suka ba su laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu'''. Wannan laƙabi bai kasance abin zagi ga kakanninmu ba, domin suna alfahari da irin wannan yabo da suke samu daga bakin maƙiyansu. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, laƙabin da aka ƙirƙira domin raina Oka-Diedo ya zama sabon sunansu, kuma ya riƙa sanya tsoro da firgici a zukatan maƙiyansu.<ref>Dallah, E. R. and Nzewi, E. C. (1996) shf. 6–7</ref>}} An ce duk da Nnewi ta kashe kuɗaɗe masu yawa wajen ɗauko mayaƙan haya daga Abam da Ohafia domin hallaka Awka-Nkakwu, ba su samu nasarar cin yaƙin gaba ɗaya ba. Wannan ya samu ne saboda ƙawancen soja mai ƙarfi tsakanin Awka-Etiti da mayaƙan [[Oraukwu, Anambra|Oraukwu]], waɗanda ke taimaka wa juna a lokutan yaƙi. === Zamanin mulkin mallaka === [[Fayil:Ochiagha_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Siffar jarumi Awka-Etiti]] Wannan yanayi ya ci gaba har zuwa zuwan rundunonin hukunta tawaye na Birtaniya tsakanin shekarun 1883 da 1906. A wannan lokaci, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki Awka-Etiti a matsayin cikas ga yaɗuwar tasirinsu zuwa yankunan ciki. Garin ya ƙi mika makamansa ga Turawa, kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin gari mai adawa da manufofin mulkin mallaka. An yi la'akari da Awka-Etiti mai tsayayya da manufofin Burtaniya kuma ya ki bin bukatar mika bindigogin su. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa Awka-Etiti ta kasance mai ƙiyayya ta hanyar kafa ta gaskiyar cewa yayin da aka gina cocin Ikilisiya na farko (CMS) a Nnewi a cikin 1892, ba har zuwa 1904 ba ne aka karɓi fari na farko a cikin nau'in mishan CMS Mrs. Mary Bennett cikin salama a ƙasar Awka- Etiti. Lalle ne, har zuwa 5 ga Fabrairu 1905 ne wakilin hukuma na farko na gwamnatin Mai Girma a cikin mutumin Lt. Col. (daga baya Mataimakin Gwamna na kudancin Najeriya) H. C. Moorhouse ya karbe shi cikin lumana daga Warrant Chief Ezenwosu a Awka-Etiti. A wannan yanki sabili da haka, ya ɗauki shekaru 12 na Burtaniya don fadada tasirin su a kan nisan da bai wuce kilomita 2 ba. Ta haka ne aka ji Awka-Etiti a matsayin ƙaya a cikin nama ta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.&nbsp; Kafin wannan, a cikin 1900 Awka-Etiti ya sadu da wasan su a cikin rundunar balaguro ta Burtaniya. A wannan shekarar Birtaniya ta shirya taron zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka-Etiti da [[Nnewi]], don warware rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Mai fassara a wannan muhimmiyar taron, Mista Nwokedi, ɗan asalin Nnewi ne. Wannan ya haifar da halin da ake ciki inda Awka-Etiti ya yi imani da cewa an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, yayin da aka gaya wa masu sulhu na Burtaniya da ke taron cewa Awka- Etiti ya ki amincewa da zaman lafiya. Wakilan Awka-Etiti marasa sani sun koma gida don yada labarai masu kyau cewa fararen ya kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka- Etiti da Nnewi. Sakamakon haka, an dakatar da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti kuma an dakatar da su. Babban abin takaici ne saboda haka lokacin da Birtaniya Southern Nigeria Regiment, karkashin jagorancin Nnewi scouts, suka kaddamar da babban hari na mamaki kafin asuba a kan Awka-Etiti. Wani hari da aka shirya da sauri da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti suka yi a kan manyan makamai da aka tono a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya ya ƙare cikin fiasco. Wanda ya jagoranci hare-haren da aka kai wa matsayin Birtaniya shi ne ''Ochiagha'' (kwamanda na yaki). Wannan mutumin, ƙwararren janar kuma tsohon soja na yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa abokai da abokan gaba sun yi la'akari da shi gaba ɗaya don tabbatar da harsashi da kibiya, sunan da ya yi amfani da shi da kyau a lokuta da yawa da suka gabata. An danganta tabbacin harsashi da shi ga sihiri mai ƙarfi ([[juju]]) wanda ya samu daga dangin mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda likitoci ne masu ƙarfi a Ichida. Saboda haka ya kasance mafi ƙwarewa da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba lokacin da sojojin Burtaniya suka bude wuta a kan mayaƙan Awka-Etiti a nesa da Manyan bindigogi da manyan bindiga. Wani harsashi ya ragargaza hannun Ochiagha a wuyan hannu tare da jini yana fitowa, wanda ya tilasta masa ya sauke makaminsa. Da ganin wannan, mutanen Awka-Etiti sun yi sanyin gwiwa kuma sun rasa fatan nasara. Sojojin sun rushe, Ochiagha da mayaƙansa masu ƙarfin zuciya sun rasa rayukansu ga Birtaniya a cikin wani harin kashe kansa na ƙarshe a matsayin abokan gaba. Shugabannin da suka tsira da fitattun mayaƙa sun gudu zuwa gudun hijira zuwa dangantakarsu a [[Igbo-Ukwu]] da kuma nesa kamar Neni. Sauran Awka-Etiti an tilasta su ba da bindigoginsu ga Birtaniya a filin kasuwar Eke inda aka hallaka su. Wannan lamarin ya kawo karshen zamanin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Awka-Etiti da maƙwabtanta. === '''Zamanin Kiristanci''' === [[Fayil:St_Mary`s_Anglican_church_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Anglican na St. Mary's Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:St_Joseph_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph Awka-Etiti]] A shekarar 1904 ne mishanoni na farko ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mrs. Mary Bennett suka iso Awka-Etiti. Cocin farko na C.M.S. an gina shi ne a ƙauyen Iruowelle. A shekarar 1913 kuma aka kafa mishan ɗin Roman Katolika, wanda ya gina coci da makaranta. Waɗannan majami’u biyu sun taimaka wajen juyar da yawancin mutanen Awka-Etiti zuwa addinin Kiristanci. A shekarar 1944 aka kafa ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU)<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wacce ta karɓi jagorancin gudanar da harkokin gari daga tsohuwar majalisar dattawa ta gargajiya. An gudanar da zaben Igwe a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1957 tare da HRH IGWE Dr. Silas O. C. Ezenwa ya fito a matsayin Obi na farko na Awka-Etiti. Obi na biyu shi ne HRH Cif Joachin Ojukwu (Akum 1 na Awka-Etiti). Obi na yanzu shine HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenma (Okagbado). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra State Government {{!}} Awka Etiti Gets New Traditional Ruler |url=http://anambrastate.gov.ng/awka-etiti-gets-new-traditional-ruler/ |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=anambrastate.gov.ng}}</ref> == Al'adu == [[Fayil:Carved_Door.JPG|thumb|Fasahar Igbo: ƙofar katako ta gargajiya da aka samo a Awka-Etiti]] Al'adun Awka-Etiti sun dace da [[Al'adun Igbo|Omenala]] kuma suna da [[Al'adun Igbo]], suna da alaƙa da Fasahar Igbo da kiɗa na Igbo. Duk da yake ayyukan al'adu da bukukuwan da yawa na dā, saboda an haɗa su da alloli da al'adun arna na dā, sun daina yin su tun zuwan Kiristanci (kamar bukukuwan ''Ilo Muo'' da ''Igba Ota''), akwai cibiyoyin gargajiya da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba har zuwa yau. === Bukukuwan === [[Fayil:Eze_Onyiudo_(2).jpg|thumb|Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:Odogwu_3.jpg|thumb|Masquerade na Odogwu Awka-Etiti]] Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā an kirista su kuma an haɗa su da bukukuwan kirista da ke akwai. ''Afia Nkwu'' da (kwana takwas bayan haka) bukukuwan ''Kamanu'' a ƙarshen Disamba da farkon Janairu misali, wanda ya nuna ƙarshen tsohuwar Kalandar Igbo an maye gurbin su da bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara na yau. Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā da aka yi bikin a garin an daidaita su don dacewa da bukatun yanzu da mahallin kamar ''Iwa Ji'' (New Yam festival) a watan Agusta. ''Afia Olu'' da ''Ofala'' wasu bukukuwan gargajiya ne har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Awka-Etiti. ==== Bikin ''Odunke'' ==== <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Shahararren bikin Odunke wanda ya zama wahayi da mai ba da suna ga ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Biafra, gami da [[Chinua Achebe]] da Christopher Okigbo (Al'ummar Masu zane-zane na Odunke), ya cancanci ambaton na musamman kamar yadda yake da alama na musamman ga Awka-Etiti. Yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan da ba su da tushen addini. Ya kasance carnival tare da babban bikin, biki, da kuma nuna dukiya, wadata da matsayi na zamantakewa wanda ya haɗa dukkan zane-zane na al'umma a cikin dangantaka mai jituwa. An yi Odunke na karshe a shekarar 1955.<ref>G. O. Akajiobi. Traditional life, cultural beliefs, customs and practices of the people of Awka-Etiti: past and present. Cecta Books (2006) p.94 {{ISBN|978810746X}}, 9789788107460</ref> [[Fayil:Igbo_ichi_marks.jpg|thumb|Halin gargajiya na Igbo Ichi Scarification]] Kamar yadda ya saba da Igboland, cibiyar masu riƙe da taken gargajiya, Nze na ''Ozo'' ta samo asali ne a Awka-Etiti. Akwai maki biyu na taken gargajiya a Awka-Etiti. Matsayi na farko shine taken Ozo wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin lakabi masu zuwa; ''Ezissi, Okpala, Isiokolo, Ikiwi'' da ''Ozala''. Daga cikin wadannan Ezissi shine mafi girma, tare da alhakin kwantar da hankalin alloli da alloli daban-daban a tarihi da suka faru a kan babban mai riƙe da taken Ezissi a cikin Al'umma. Matsayi na biyu na taken shugabanci shine ''Nnukwu-Ozo'' (High-Ozo). Takardun Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sun fada cikin waɗannan rukunoni: ''Ezeani, Dunu, Dim, Dallah'' da ''Umeh'' kuma a al'adance ana iya ba da su ne kawai ga 'yan takarar da aka fara su a baya a cikin aji na farko na taken Ozo kuma waɗanda aka ga sun tabbatar da asalin su a yaƙi ko ta hanyar wasu manyan ƙoƙarin. Farawa cikin waɗannan lakabi na Nnukwu-Ozo ya kasance kuma har yanzu yana da tsada sosai. A tarihi, bikin farawa a cikin asirin Nnukwu-Ozo ya haɗa da mummunan zafi da kuma girman [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] scarification, wanda aka gano waɗannan maza a fili. An dakatar da scarification na [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada a zamanin yau saboda dalilai masu kyau. Mai ɗaukar alamun Ichi na ƙarshe, Cif Ezenwosu ya mutu a farkon karni na ashirin. [[Fayil:Python_natalensis_Smith_1840.jpg|right|thumb|Macijin Eke]] Sauran nau'ikan riguna na musamman waɗanda ke nuna mai riƙe da taken Ozo da mai riƙe da sunan Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sune jan murfin (tare da gashin gaggafa don Nnukwu-Uzo), gashin gashin doki, gashin gashi na kaza da gashin giwa. === Taboos === Kashewa ko cin maciji na ''Eke'' (''Python regius''), da Dog (''Canis lupus familiaris''), anathema ne a Awka-Etiti, an dauke su dabbobi masu tsarki da ke da alaƙa da alloli na gida. == Ilimi == Awka-Etiti tana da makarantun firamare da yawa a cikin ƙauyuka bakwai, gami da makarantar firamare ta Nkolofia, makarantar firamaren Father Pauls Memorial, makarantar firama ta Union, makarantar firaminare ta Umunocha, makarantar tsakiya, Glory Group of Schools wanda ya ƙunshi Cibiyar Ilimi ta Glory (nursery da firamare) da aka kafa a 1989 da Glory Royal Academy (na biyu) da aka gina a 1998. An kafa makarantar sakandare ta St. Josephs a cikin 1962 ta al'ummar Katolika kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da asibitin koyarwa a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta mata a 1964 ta wurin Obi na Awka-Etiti HRH IGWE Dr. S.O.C. Ezenwa. Cif Gerald A. Chukelu (Dunu Nze Afulukwe) ya kasance majagaba kuma ɗan asalin Awka Etiti na farko da ya wuce takardar shaidar Senior Cambridge (London) a 1938 kuma yana cikin aji na farko na kammala karatun Kwalejin C.K.C. Onitsha . Wadanda suka kammala karatun jami'a na farko daga Awka-Etiti sune Mr. E.R. Dallah (1955), Dr.A. A. Okoye (1956) da Cif O. F. Obi (1957). Likitoci na farko daga Awka-Etiti sun kammala karatu game da 1965 a cikin mutanen Cif Dr. Francis. E. Ezissi (Ife Awka-Etiti) likitan tiyata ne na Jamus, Dokta Samuel Ezenwa likitan tiyatu ne na Amurka kuma Dokta George Udenkwo likitan mata da aka horar a Ireland. == Lafiya == [[Fayil:Ambulance_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ambulance a Awka-Etiti]] A shekara ta 1958 gwamnatin gabashin Najeriya ta mayar da gidan haihuwa zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ita ce kawai cibiyar kiwon lafiya har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980 lokacin da likitocin asali na farko suka buɗe jerin asibitoci masu zaman kansu ciki har da; St. Francis Specialist Hospital da Mortuary, Kanayo Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Idemili Specialist Hospital, da kuma Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital. == Tattalin Arziki == Awka-Etiti na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke motsawa a bayan ci gaban masana'antu a ƙasar Igbo. Maza da mata masu kasuwanci daga garin sun sami nasarar ƙwarewa wajen shigo da kekuna da sassan keke a farkon shekarun 1940. Bayan yakin basasar Najeriya 'yan kasuwa Awka-Etiti sun kafa wasu sanannun masana'antu musamman GMO Group of Companies da Roadmaster Industries Ltd. <ref name="Tom G. Forrest 1995 p.151" /> Kwanan nan masana'antu da aka kafa sune layin kayan kwalliya na IKB da kuma Kamfanin Ginin Interbau Ltd. Dubban damar aiki a Najeriya da kuma bayan haka an samar da su kai tsaye da kai tsaye ta waɗannan da sauran masana'antu da kamfanonin kasuwanci da suka samo asali a Awka-Etiti. == Infrastructure == Yawancin hanyoyi a Awka-Etiti suna da tarred. [[Fayil:Privately_tarred_road_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Hanyar da aka yi da lakabi a Awka-Etiti]] Wannan ya yiwu ne kawai saboda godiya ga ayyukan agaji da na al'umma. A wannan bangaren, Awka-Etiti tana wakiltar halin da ake ciki a garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da Igboland, inda aka ji kadan ko babu ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da gwamnati ta haifar.<ref>Kate Meagher: Identity Economics: Social Networks & the Informal Economy in Africa, Boydell & Brewer 2010 p.45 {{ISBN|1847010164}}, 9781847010162</ref> Duk da wannan, Ƙungiyar Matasan Iruowelle da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Umunocha sun kasance mafi shahara wajen taring hanyoyi a ƙauyukansu. Bayan haka, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa sun lalace ta hanyar kokarin da aka yi na 'yan ƙasa masu ba da agaji. == Mutane == * Godwin Ekejekwu Chikeluba, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji * Adaeze Yobo née Igwe; Tsohon Yarinya mafi kyau a Najeriya * [[Chief Godwin Adimike|Cif Godwin Adimike]], ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji == Bayani == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == * Akajiobi, G.O. Awka-Etiti Chieftaincy Dispute da kuma rikicin da ya shafi 1957-1999. Littattafan Afirka (2005) {{ISBN|9782915394}} * Dallah, E.R. da Nzewi, E.C. Takaitaccen Tarihin Al'ummar ƙauyen Iruowelle, Littattafai Masu Kyau Enugu. (1996) {{ISBN|978203987X}} * Tom G. Forrest. Ci gaban Babban Birnin Afirka: Ci gaban Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Najeriya. Littattafan Spectrum (1995) {{ISBN|9782462543}} * The Nation, jaridar yanar gizo, labarin "New Yam Festival tare da bambanci a cikin ''Al'ummar'' Anambra" na Adimike George, wanda aka buga 8 ga Agusta 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=58387 == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQywPFGQDOQ Ife Awka_Etiti: Tafiyar Ƙarshe (bidiyo na YouTube)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyfj_ZQZYc8 Bikin Ofala na karshe na Mai Girma Eze-Igwe S.O. Ezenwa, Obi na Awka-Etiti (bidiyo na YouTube)] {{LGAs and communities of Anambra State}}{{Igbo topics}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Gari a Jihar Anambra]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mlfsbv1flinwb7ybqf49rkekgobclug 840393 840392 2026-05-27T06:11:02Z AKA024 30597 databox 840393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Awka-Etiti''' (lafazi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti<nowiki>''</nowiki>), wanda a tarihi aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Diedo<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Igbo: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ọka Diedo<nowiki>''</nowiki>), sannan daga baya marubutan mulkin mallaka suka kira shi <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Okankaku), gari ne mai ci gaba da yalwar tattalin arziki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka bakwai a Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Idemili ta Kudu]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ƙauyukan bakwai na Awka-Etiti bisa tsarin shekarun kafuwarsu su ne: Nkolofia, Umunocha, Ejighinandu, Iruowelle, Umudunu, Nnaba da Ogunzele. Al’ummar asalin Awka-Etiti na daga cikin ƙabilar [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]], kuma garin yana cikin [[Kasar Inyamurai|yankin al’adun Igbo]], kilomita 24 daga [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] a arewa maso gabashin [[Onitsha]], kilomita 16 daga Nri, da kilomita 2 daga [[Igbo-Ukwu]]. Awka-Etiti yana iyaka da Ichida, Azigbo, Nnokwa, Nnewi, Nnobi da Amichi. Babban harshen da ake magana da shi a garin shi ne karin [[harshen Igbo]] na Idemili. A shekarar 2005, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Awka-Etiti da kusan mutane 35,000. Haka kuma akwai dimbin 'yan asalin garin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, waɗanda gudummawarsu ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin garin. == Tarihi == === Tarihin kafin mulkin mallaka === Tarihin Awka-Etiti kafin shekarar 1900 bai samu rubuce-rubuce ba, sai dai ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyi da al’adun baka. Bisa binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a Igbo-Ukwu, wanda yake kilomita biyu kacal daga Awka-Etiti, an tabbatar cewa yankin ya kasance mazaunin al’ummar Igbo tun kafin ƙarni na tara Miladiyya. Yankin ya kasance cibiyar masana’antar sarrafa ƙarafa mai bunƙasa, tare da tsohuwar hulɗar kasuwanci, zamantakewa da al’adu tsakanin yankin da [[tsohuwar Masar]]. Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar gano tarin lu’ulu’u da ƙwayoyin ado na cornelian a wuraren binciken, wasu daga cikinsu an ƙera su ne a tsohuwar Alkahira a masana’antun [[Fustat]]. A tarihin baka na yankin akwai ruwayoyi daban-daban game da asalin Awka-Etiti, waɗanda ke danganta garin da zuriyar gama-gari tare da wasu tsoffin garuruwa na yankin. Garuruwan Uke, Ojoto, Nnobi da Nnewi ana danganta su da asalin zuriya ɗaya da Awka-Etiti. Dukkanin ruwayoyin baka suna danganta kafuwar Awka-Etiti ga wani mutum mai suna Diedo. A wasu ruwayoyin, an ce shi ɗan Ezenne ne. Ezenne kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗan’uwan Uke da Ojoto. Ezenne yana da ’ya’ya biyu maza da mace guda. Sunayen ’ya’yan mazan su ne Okwuike da Diedo, yayin da sunan ’yar shi ne Edo. Edo ta auri Ezemewi wanda ake danganta kafuwar Nnewi gare shi. Okwuike kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin mahaifin Nnobi. Diedo ya haifi ɗa guda ɗaya mai suna Okagbado. Bayan mutuwar Ezenne, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin Okwuike da Diedo kan rabon dukiyar mahaifinsu, lamarin da ya sa Diedo da ɗansa Okagbado suka bar gidansu na kakanni da ke bakin Kogin Obiaja suka koma wani wuri mai suna Ogwuwgu Diedo a yankin Iruowelle na yanzu a Awka-Etiti. Okagbado ya auri mata uku waɗanda suka haifa masa ’ya’ya maza tara. Matar farko ta haifi Ezioka da Umoh. Ta biyu ta haifi Nkolofia, Ejighnandu, Iruowelle da Ogunzele, yayin da ta uku ta haifi Ocha, Dunuezue da Nnaba. Waɗannan su ne ƙauyuka tara na asalin Awka-Etiti. Daga baya, Umoh da Ezioka sun shiga mummunan yaƙin cikin gida wanda ya kusa shafe su baki ɗaya. Duk bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da mayaƙan haya daga [[Ohafia]] da [[Abam]]. Ragowar mutanen Ezioka daga baya suka haɗe da ƙauyen Nkolofia, yayin da na Umoh suka haɗe da Ejighinandu, abin da ya rage Awka-Etiti da ƙauyuka bakwai har zuwa yau. Tsakanin kimanin shekarar 1760 zuwa 1900, tarihin Awka-Diedo ya kasance cike da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani da garuruwan maƙwabta saboda manufofin faɗaɗa iko. Musamman, Nnewi ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe masu yawa da Awka-Diedo kan rikicin iyakoki. Haka kuma Nnokwa, Amichi, Azigbo da Ichida sun taɓa yin yaƙi da Awka-Diedo a lokuta daban-daban. Jarumta da dabarun mayaƙan Awka-Etiti, ciki har da tono ramuka a bayan layin maƙiya da kafa tarkuna, sun sa maƙiyansu suka girmama su tare da ba su laƙabin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda <nowiki>''</nowiki>nkakwu<nowiki>''</nowiki> a harshen Igbo ke nufin dabbar skunk. Wannan laƙabi daga baya ya zama suna da maƙwabta ke kiran garin. Kamar yadda E. R. Dallah da E. C. Nzewi suka bayyana: {{Blockquote|A wannan lokaci ne Oka-Diedo ta samu laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu''' saboda dimbin dabarun yaƙi da mutanenta ke amfani da su wajen fatattakar maƙiya. A wasu lokuta suna haƙa manyan ramuka masu zurfi a muhimman wurare, sannan su kafa kaifafan sandunan gora a cikinsu. Daga baya sukan rufe ramukan da ciyawa domin ɓoye su yadda ba za a gane akwai su ba. Sau da yawa ana jan mayaƙan maƙiya zuwa cikin waɗannan ramuka na tarko, inda sandunan gorar ke huda jikinsu har hanjinsu na fito wa waje. A wasu lokutan kuma, mayaƙan Oka-Diedo kan haƙa hanyoyi ko ramuka a bayan sansanonin maƙiya, su kai musu farmaki daga baya cikin bazata tare da tarwatsa su gaba ɗaya. Irin waɗannan jarumtaka da dabarun yaƙi masu tayar da hankali sun sanya mayaƙan Nnewi suka ba su laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu'''. Wannan laƙabi bai kasance abin zagi ga kakanninmu ba, domin suna alfahari da irin wannan yabo da suke samu daga bakin maƙiyansu. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, laƙabin da aka ƙirƙira domin raina Oka-Diedo ya zama sabon sunansu, kuma ya riƙa sanya tsoro da firgici a zukatan maƙiyansu.<ref>Dallah, E. R. and Nzewi, E. C. (1996) shf. 6–7</ref>}} An ce duk da Nnewi ta kashe kuɗaɗe masu yawa wajen ɗauko mayaƙan haya daga Abam da Ohafia domin hallaka Awka-Nkakwu, ba su samu nasarar cin yaƙin gaba ɗaya ba. Wannan ya samu ne saboda ƙawancen soja mai ƙarfi tsakanin Awka-Etiti da mayaƙan [[Oraukwu, Anambra|Oraukwu]], waɗanda ke taimaka wa juna a lokutan yaƙi. === Zamanin mulkin mallaka === [[Fayil:Ochiagha_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Siffar jarumi Awka-Etiti]] Wannan yanayi ya ci gaba har zuwa zuwan rundunonin hukunta tawaye na Birtaniya tsakanin shekarun 1883 da 1906. A wannan lokaci, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki Awka-Etiti a matsayin cikas ga yaɗuwar tasirinsu zuwa yankunan ciki. Garin ya ƙi mika makamansa ga Turawa, kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin gari mai adawa da manufofin mulkin mallaka. An yi la'akari da Awka-Etiti mai tsayayya da manufofin Burtaniya kuma ya ki bin bukatar mika bindigogin su. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa Awka-Etiti ta kasance mai ƙiyayya ta hanyar kafa ta gaskiyar cewa yayin da aka gina cocin Ikilisiya na farko (CMS) a Nnewi a cikin 1892, ba har zuwa 1904 ba ne aka karɓi fari na farko a cikin nau'in mishan CMS Mrs. Mary Bennett cikin salama a ƙasar Awka- Etiti. Lalle ne, har zuwa 5 ga Fabrairu 1905 ne wakilin hukuma na farko na gwamnatin Mai Girma a cikin mutumin Lt. Col. (daga baya Mataimakin Gwamna na kudancin Najeriya) H. C. Moorhouse ya karbe shi cikin lumana daga Warrant Chief Ezenwosu a Awka-Etiti. A wannan yanki sabili da haka, ya ɗauki shekaru 12 na Burtaniya don fadada tasirin su a kan nisan da bai wuce kilomita 2 ba. Ta haka ne aka ji Awka-Etiti a matsayin ƙaya a cikin nama ta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.&nbsp; Kafin wannan, a cikin 1900 Awka-Etiti ya sadu da wasan su a cikin rundunar balaguro ta Burtaniya. A wannan shekarar Birtaniya ta shirya taron zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka-Etiti da [[Nnewi]], don warware rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Mai fassara a wannan muhimmiyar taron, Mista Nwokedi, ɗan asalin Nnewi ne. Wannan ya haifar da halin da ake ciki inda Awka-Etiti ya yi imani da cewa an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, yayin da aka gaya wa masu sulhu na Burtaniya da ke taron cewa Awka- Etiti ya ki amincewa da zaman lafiya. Wakilan Awka-Etiti marasa sani sun koma gida don yada labarai masu kyau cewa fararen ya kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka- Etiti da Nnewi. Sakamakon haka, an dakatar da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti kuma an dakatar da su. Babban abin takaici ne saboda haka lokacin da Birtaniya Southern Nigeria Regiment, karkashin jagorancin Nnewi scouts, suka kaddamar da babban hari na mamaki kafin asuba a kan Awka-Etiti. Wani hari da aka shirya da sauri da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti suka yi a kan manyan makamai da aka tono a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya ya ƙare cikin fiasco. Wanda ya jagoranci hare-haren da aka kai wa matsayin Birtaniya shi ne ''Ochiagha'' (kwamanda na yaki). Wannan mutumin, ƙwararren janar kuma tsohon soja na yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa abokai da abokan gaba sun yi la'akari da shi gaba ɗaya don tabbatar da harsashi da kibiya, sunan da ya yi amfani da shi da kyau a lokuta da yawa da suka gabata. An danganta tabbacin harsashi da shi ga sihiri mai ƙarfi ([[juju]]) wanda ya samu daga dangin mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda likitoci ne masu ƙarfi a Ichida. Saboda haka ya kasance mafi ƙwarewa da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba lokacin da sojojin Burtaniya suka bude wuta a kan mayaƙan Awka-Etiti a nesa da Manyan bindigogi da manyan bindiga. Wani harsashi ya ragargaza hannun Ochiagha a wuyan hannu tare da jini yana fitowa, wanda ya tilasta masa ya sauke makaminsa. Da ganin wannan, mutanen Awka-Etiti sun yi sanyin gwiwa kuma sun rasa fatan nasara. Sojojin sun rushe, Ochiagha da mayaƙansa masu ƙarfin zuciya sun rasa rayukansu ga Birtaniya a cikin wani harin kashe kansa na ƙarshe a matsayin abokan gaba. Shugabannin da suka tsira da fitattun mayaƙa sun gudu zuwa gudun hijira zuwa dangantakarsu a [[Igbo-Ukwu]] da kuma nesa kamar Neni. Sauran Awka-Etiti an tilasta su ba da bindigoginsu ga Birtaniya a filin kasuwar Eke inda aka hallaka su. Wannan lamarin ya kawo karshen zamanin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Awka-Etiti da maƙwabtanta. === '''Zamanin Kiristanci''' === [[Fayil:St_Mary`s_Anglican_church_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Anglican na St. Mary's Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:St_Joseph_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph Awka-Etiti]] A shekarar 1904 ne mishanoni na farko ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mrs. Mary Bennett suka iso Awka-Etiti. Cocin farko na C.M.S. an gina shi ne a ƙauyen Iruowelle. A shekarar 1913 kuma aka kafa mishan ɗin Roman Katolika, wanda ya gina coci da makaranta. Waɗannan majami’u biyu sun taimaka wajen juyar da yawancin mutanen Awka-Etiti zuwa addinin Kiristanci. A shekarar 1944 aka kafa ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU)<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wacce ta karɓi jagorancin gudanar da harkokin gari daga tsohuwar majalisar dattawa ta gargajiya. An gudanar da zaben Igwe a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1957 tare da HRH IGWE Dr. Silas O. C. Ezenwa ya fito a matsayin Obi na farko na Awka-Etiti. Obi na biyu shi ne HRH Cif Joachin Ojukwu (Akum 1 na Awka-Etiti). Obi na yanzu shine HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenma (Okagbado). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra State Government {{!}} Awka Etiti Gets New Traditional Ruler |url=http://anambrastate.gov.ng/awka-etiti-gets-new-traditional-ruler/ |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=anambrastate.gov.ng}}</ref> == Al'adu == [[Fayil:Carved_Door.JPG|thumb|Fasahar Igbo: ƙofar katako ta gargajiya da aka samo a Awka-Etiti]] Al'adun Awka-Etiti sun dace da [[Al'adun Igbo|Omenala]] kuma suna da [[Al'adun Igbo]], suna da alaƙa da Fasahar Igbo da kiɗa na Igbo. Duk da yake ayyukan al'adu da bukukuwan da yawa na dā, saboda an haɗa su da alloli da al'adun arna na dā, sun daina yin su tun zuwan Kiristanci (kamar bukukuwan ''Ilo Muo'' da ''Igba Ota''), akwai cibiyoyin gargajiya da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba har zuwa yau. === Bukukuwan === [[Fayil:Eze_Onyiudo_(2).jpg|thumb|Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:Odogwu_3.jpg|thumb|Masquerade na Odogwu Awka-Etiti]] Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā an kirista su kuma an haɗa su da bukukuwan kirista da ke akwai. ''Afia Nkwu'' da (kwana takwas bayan haka) bukukuwan ''Kamanu'' a ƙarshen Disamba da farkon Janairu misali, wanda ya nuna ƙarshen tsohuwar Kalandar Igbo an maye gurbin su da bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara na yau. Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā da aka yi bikin a garin an daidaita su don dacewa da bukatun yanzu da mahallin kamar ''Iwa Ji'' (New Yam festival) a watan Agusta. ''Afia Olu'' da ''Ofala'' wasu bukukuwan gargajiya ne har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Awka-Etiti. ==== Bikin ''Odunke'' ==== <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Shahararren bikin Odunke wanda ya zama wahayi da mai ba da suna ga ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Biafra, gami da [[Chinua Achebe]] da Christopher Okigbo (Al'ummar Masu zane-zane na Odunke), ya cancanci ambaton na musamman kamar yadda yake da alama na musamman ga Awka-Etiti. Yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan da ba su da tushen addini. Ya kasance carnival tare da babban bikin, biki, da kuma nuna dukiya, wadata da matsayi na zamantakewa wanda ya haɗa dukkan zane-zane na al'umma a cikin dangantaka mai jituwa. An yi Odunke na karshe a shekarar 1955.<ref>G. O. Akajiobi. Traditional life, cultural beliefs, customs and practices of the people of Awka-Etiti: past and present. Cecta Books (2006) p.94 {{ISBN|978810746X}}, 9789788107460</ref> [[Fayil:Igbo_ichi_marks.jpg|thumb|Halin gargajiya na Igbo Ichi Scarification]] Kamar yadda ya saba da Igboland, cibiyar masu riƙe da taken gargajiya, Nze na ''Ozo'' ta samo asali ne a Awka-Etiti. Akwai maki biyu na taken gargajiya a Awka-Etiti. Matsayi na farko shine taken Ozo wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin lakabi masu zuwa; ''Ezissi, Okpala, Isiokolo, Ikiwi'' da ''Ozala''. Daga cikin wadannan Ezissi shine mafi girma, tare da alhakin kwantar da hankalin alloli da alloli daban-daban a tarihi da suka faru a kan babban mai riƙe da taken Ezissi a cikin Al'umma. Matsayi na biyu na taken shugabanci shine ''Nnukwu-Ozo'' (High-Ozo). Takardun Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sun fada cikin waɗannan rukunoni: ''Ezeani, Dunu, Dim, Dallah'' da ''Umeh'' kuma a al'adance ana iya ba da su ne kawai ga 'yan takarar da aka fara su a baya a cikin aji na farko na taken Ozo kuma waɗanda aka ga sun tabbatar da asalin su a yaƙi ko ta hanyar wasu manyan ƙoƙarin. Farawa cikin waɗannan lakabi na Nnukwu-Ozo ya kasance kuma har yanzu yana da tsada sosai. A tarihi, bikin farawa a cikin asirin Nnukwu-Ozo ya haɗa da mummunan zafi da kuma girman [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] scarification, wanda aka gano waɗannan maza a fili. An dakatar da scarification na [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada a zamanin yau saboda dalilai masu kyau. Mai ɗaukar alamun Ichi na ƙarshe, Cif Ezenwosu ya mutu a farkon karni na ashirin. [[Fayil:Python_natalensis_Smith_1840.jpg|right|thumb|Macijin Eke]] Sauran nau'ikan riguna na musamman waɗanda ke nuna mai riƙe da taken Ozo da mai riƙe da sunan Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sune jan murfin (tare da gashin gaggafa don Nnukwu-Uzo), gashin gashin doki, gashin gashi na kaza da gashin giwa. === Taboos === Kashewa ko cin maciji na ''Eke'' (''Python regius''), da Dog (''Canis lupus familiaris''), anathema ne a Awka-Etiti, an dauke su dabbobi masu tsarki da ke da alaƙa da alloli na gida. == Ilimi == Awka-Etiti tana da makarantun firamare da yawa a cikin ƙauyuka bakwai, gami da makarantar firamare ta Nkolofia, makarantar firamaren Father Pauls Memorial, makarantar firama ta Union, makarantar firaminare ta Umunocha, makarantar tsakiya, Glory Group of Schools wanda ya ƙunshi Cibiyar Ilimi ta Glory (nursery da firamare) da aka kafa a 1989 da Glory Royal Academy (na biyu) da aka gina a 1998. An kafa makarantar sakandare ta St. Josephs a cikin 1962 ta al'ummar Katolika kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da asibitin koyarwa a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta mata a 1964 ta wurin Obi na Awka-Etiti HRH IGWE Dr. S.O.C. Ezenwa. Cif Gerald A. Chukelu (Dunu Nze Afulukwe) ya kasance majagaba kuma ɗan asalin Awka Etiti na farko da ya wuce takardar shaidar Senior Cambridge (London) a 1938 kuma yana cikin aji na farko na kammala karatun Kwalejin C.K.C. Onitsha . Wadanda suka kammala karatun jami'a na farko daga Awka-Etiti sune Mr. E.R. Dallah (1955), Dr.A. A. Okoye (1956) da Cif O. F. Obi (1957). Likitoci na farko daga Awka-Etiti sun kammala karatu game da 1965 a cikin mutanen Cif Dr. Francis. E. Ezissi (Ife Awka-Etiti) likitan tiyata ne na Jamus, Dokta Samuel Ezenwa likitan tiyatu ne na Amurka kuma Dokta George Udenkwo likitan mata da aka horar a Ireland. == Lafiya == [[Fayil:Ambulance_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ambulance a Awka-Etiti]] A shekara ta 1958 gwamnatin gabashin Najeriya ta mayar da gidan haihuwa zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ita ce kawai cibiyar kiwon lafiya har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980 lokacin da likitocin asali na farko suka buɗe jerin asibitoci masu zaman kansu ciki har da; St. Francis Specialist Hospital da Mortuary, Kanayo Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Idemili Specialist Hospital, da kuma Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital. == Tattalin Arziki == Awka-Etiti na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke motsawa a bayan ci gaban masana'antu a ƙasar Igbo. Maza da mata masu kasuwanci daga garin sun sami nasarar ƙwarewa wajen shigo da kekuna da sassan keke a farkon shekarun 1940. Bayan yakin basasar Najeriya 'yan kasuwa Awka-Etiti sun kafa wasu sanannun masana'antu musamman GMO Group of Companies da Roadmaster Industries Ltd. <ref name="Tom G. Forrest 1995 p.151" /> Kwanan nan masana'antu da aka kafa sune layin kayan kwalliya na IKB da kuma Kamfanin Ginin Interbau Ltd. Dubban damar aiki a Najeriya da kuma bayan haka an samar da su kai tsaye da kai tsaye ta waɗannan da sauran masana'antu da kamfanonin kasuwanci da suka samo asali a Awka-Etiti. == Infrastructure == Yawancin hanyoyi a Awka-Etiti suna da tarred. [[Fayil:Privately_tarred_road_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Hanyar da aka yi da lakabi a Awka-Etiti]] Wannan ya yiwu ne kawai saboda godiya ga ayyukan agaji da na al'umma. A wannan bangaren, Awka-Etiti tana wakiltar halin da ake ciki a garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da Igboland, inda aka ji kadan ko babu ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da gwamnati ta haifar.<ref>Kate Meagher: Identity Economics: Social Networks & the Informal Economy in Africa, Boydell & Brewer 2010 p.45 {{ISBN|1847010164}}, 9781847010162</ref> Duk da wannan, Ƙungiyar Matasan Iruowelle da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Umunocha sun kasance mafi shahara wajen taring hanyoyi a ƙauyukansu. Bayan haka, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa sun lalace ta hanyar kokarin da aka yi na 'yan ƙasa masu ba da agaji. == Mutane == * Godwin Ekejekwu Chikeluba, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji * Adaeze Yobo née Igwe; Tsohon Yarinya mafi kyau a Najeriya * [[Chief Godwin Adimike|Cif Godwin Adimike]], ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji == Bayani == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == * Akajiobi, G.O. Awka-Etiti Chieftaincy Dispute da kuma rikicin da ya shafi 1957-1999. Littattafan Afirka (2005) {{ISBN|9782915394}} * Dallah, E.R. da Nzewi, E.C. Takaitaccen Tarihin Al'ummar ƙauyen Iruowelle, Littattafai Masu Kyau Enugu. (1996) {{ISBN|978203987X}} * Tom G. Forrest. Ci gaban Babban Birnin Afirka: Ci gaban Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Najeriya. Littattafan Spectrum (1995) {{ISBN|9782462543}} * The Nation, jaridar yanar gizo, labarin "New Yam Festival tare da bambanci a cikin ''Al'ummar'' Anambra" na Adimike George, wanda aka buga 8 ga Agusta 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=58387 == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQywPFGQDOQ Ife Awka_Etiti: Tafiyar Ƙarshe (bidiyo na YouTube)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyfj_ZQZYc8 Bikin Ofala na karshe na Mai Girma Eze-Igwe S.O. Ezenwa, Obi na Awka-Etiti (bidiyo na YouTube)] {{LGAs and communities of Anambra State}}{{Igbo topics}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Gari a Jihar Anambra]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pvjma1pb1xmq8edzggqu5s2ywbp8jat 840394 840393 2026-05-27T06:11:29Z AKA024 30597 /* Bayani */ 840394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Awka-Etiti''' (lafazi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti<nowiki>''</nowiki>), wanda a tarihi aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Diedo<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Igbo: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ọka Diedo<nowiki>''</nowiki>), sannan daga baya marubutan mulkin mallaka suka kira shi <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Okankaku), gari ne mai ci gaba da yalwar tattalin arziki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka bakwai a Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Idemili ta Kudu]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ƙauyukan bakwai na Awka-Etiti bisa tsarin shekarun kafuwarsu su ne: Nkolofia, Umunocha, Ejighinandu, Iruowelle, Umudunu, Nnaba da Ogunzele. Al’ummar asalin Awka-Etiti na daga cikin ƙabilar [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]], kuma garin yana cikin [[Kasar Inyamurai|yankin al’adun Igbo]], kilomita 24 daga [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] a arewa maso gabashin [[Onitsha]], kilomita 16 daga Nri, da kilomita 2 daga [[Igbo-Ukwu]]. Awka-Etiti yana iyaka da Ichida, Azigbo, Nnokwa, Nnewi, Nnobi da Amichi. Babban harshen da ake magana da shi a garin shi ne karin [[harshen Igbo]] na Idemili. A shekarar 2005, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Awka-Etiti da kusan mutane 35,000. Haka kuma akwai dimbin 'yan asalin garin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, waɗanda gudummawarsu ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin garin. == Tarihi == === Tarihin kafin mulkin mallaka === Tarihin Awka-Etiti kafin shekarar 1900 bai samu rubuce-rubuce ba, sai dai ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyi da al’adun baka. Bisa binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a Igbo-Ukwu, wanda yake kilomita biyu kacal daga Awka-Etiti, an tabbatar cewa yankin ya kasance mazaunin al’ummar Igbo tun kafin ƙarni na tara Miladiyya. Yankin ya kasance cibiyar masana’antar sarrafa ƙarafa mai bunƙasa, tare da tsohuwar hulɗar kasuwanci, zamantakewa da al’adu tsakanin yankin da [[tsohuwar Masar]]. Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar gano tarin lu’ulu’u da ƙwayoyin ado na cornelian a wuraren binciken, wasu daga cikinsu an ƙera su ne a tsohuwar Alkahira a masana’antun [[Fustat]]. A tarihin baka na yankin akwai ruwayoyi daban-daban game da asalin Awka-Etiti, waɗanda ke danganta garin da zuriyar gama-gari tare da wasu tsoffin garuruwa na yankin. Garuruwan Uke, Ojoto, Nnobi da Nnewi ana danganta su da asalin zuriya ɗaya da Awka-Etiti. Dukkanin ruwayoyin baka suna danganta kafuwar Awka-Etiti ga wani mutum mai suna Diedo. A wasu ruwayoyin, an ce shi ɗan Ezenne ne. Ezenne kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗan’uwan Uke da Ojoto. Ezenne yana da ’ya’ya biyu maza da mace guda. Sunayen ’ya’yan mazan su ne Okwuike da Diedo, yayin da sunan ’yar shi ne Edo. Edo ta auri Ezemewi wanda ake danganta kafuwar Nnewi gare shi. Okwuike kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin mahaifin Nnobi. Diedo ya haifi ɗa guda ɗaya mai suna Okagbado. Bayan mutuwar Ezenne, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin Okwuike da Diedo kan rabon dukiyar mahaifinsu, lamarin da ya sa Diedo da ɗansa Okagbado suka bar gidansu na kakanni da ke bakin Kogin Obiaja suka koma wani wuri mai suna Ogwuwgu Diedo a yankin Iruowelle na yanzu a Awka-Etiti. Okagbado ya auri mata uku waɗanda suka haifa masa ’ya’ya maza tara. Matar farko ta haifi Ezioka da Umoh. Ta biyu ta haifi Nkolofia, Ejighnandu, Iruowelle da Ogunzele, yayin da ta uku ta haifi Ocha, Dunuezue da Nnaba. Waɗannan su ne ƙauyuka tara na asalin Awka-Etiti. Daga baya, Umoh da Ezioka sun shiga mummunan yaƙin cikin gida wanda ya kusa shafe su baki ɗaya. Duk bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da mayaƙan haya daga [[Ohafia]] da [[Abam]]. Ragowar mutanen Ezioka daga baya suka haɗe da ƙauyen Nkolofia, yayin da na Umoh suka haɗe da Ejighinandu, abin da ya rage Awka-Etiti da ƙauyuka bakwai har zuwa yau. Tsakanin kimanin shekarar 1760 zuwa 1900, tarihin Awka-Diedo ya kasance cike da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani da garuruwan maƙwabta saboda manufofin faɗaɗa iko. Musamman, Nnewi ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe masu yawa da Awka-Diedo kan rikicin iyakoki. Haka kuma Nnokwa, Amichi, Azigbo da Ichida sun taɓa yin yaƙi da Awka-Diedo a lokuta daban-daban. Jarumta da dabarun mayaƙan Awka-Etiti, ciki har da tono ramuka a bayan layin maƙiya da kafa tarkuna, sun sa maƙiyansu suka girmama su tare da ba su laƙabin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda <nowiki>''</nowiki>nkakwu<nowiki>''</nowiki> a harshen Igbo ke nufin dabbar skunk. Wannan laƙabi daga baya ya zama suna da maƙwabta ke kiran garin. Kamar yadda E. R. Dallah da E. C. Nzewi suka bayyana: {{Blockquote|A wannan lokaci ne Oka-Diedo ta samu laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu''' saboda dimbin dabarun yaƙi da mutanenta ke amfani da su wajen fatattakar maƙiya. A wasu lokuta suna haƙa manyan ramuka masu zurfi a muhimman wurare, sannan su kafa kaifafan sandunan gora a cikinsu. Daga baya sukan rufe ramukan da ciyawa domin ɓoye su yadda ba za a gane akwai su ba. Sau da yawa ana jan mayaƙan maƙiya zuwa cikin waɗannan ramuka na tarko, inda sandunan gorar ke huda jikinsu har hanjinsu na fito wa waje. A wasu lokutan kuma, mayaƙan Oka-Diedo kan haƙa hanyoyi ko ramuka a bayan sansanonin maƙiya, su kai musu farmaki daga baya cikin bazata tare da tarwatsa su gaba ɗaya. Irin waɗannan jarumtaka da dabarun yaƙi masu tayar da hankali sun sanya mayaƙan Nnewi suka ba su laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu'''. Wannan laƙabi bai kasance abin zagi ga kakanninmu ba, domin suna alfahari da irin wannan yabo da suke samu daga bakin maƙiyansu. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, laƙabin da aka ƙirƙira domin raina Oka-Diedo ya zama sabon sunansu, kuma ya riƙa sanya tsoro da firgici a zukatan maƙiyansu.<ref>Dallah, E. R. and Nzewi, E. C. (1996) shf. 6–7</ref>}} An ce duk da Nnewi ta kashe kuɗaɗe masu yawa wajen ɗauko mayaƙan haya daga Abam da Ohafia domin hallaka Awka-Nkakwu, ba su samu nasarar cin yaƙin gaba ɗaya ba. Wannan ya samu ne saboda ƙawancen soja mai ƙarfi tsakanin Awka-Etiti da mayaƙan [[Oraukwu, Anambra|Oraukwu]], waɗanda ke taimaka wa juna a lokutan yaƙi. === Zamanin mulkin mallaka === [[Fayil:Ochiagha_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Siffar jarumi Awka-Etiti]] Wannan yanayi ya ci gaba har zuwa zuwan rundunonin hukunta tawaye na Birtaniya tsakanin shekarun 1883 da 1906. A wannan lokaci, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki Awka-Etiti a matsayin cikas ga yaɗuwar tasirinsu zuwa yankunan ciki. Garin ya ƙi mika makamansa ga Turawa, kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin gari mai adawa da manufofin mulkin mallaka. An yi la'akari da Awka-Etiti mai tsayayya da manufofin Burtaniya kuma ya ki bin bukatar mika bindigogin su. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa Awka-Etiti ta kasance mai ƙiyayya ta hanyar kafa ta gaskiyar cewa yayin da aka gina cocin Ikilisiya na farko (CMS) a Nnewi a cikin 1892, ba har zuwa 1904 ba ne aka karɓi fari na farko a cikin nau'in mishan CMS Mrs. Mary Bennett cikin salama a ƙasar Awka- Etiti. Lalle ne, har zuwa 5 ga Fabrairu 1905 ne wakilin hukuma na farko na gwamnatin Mai Girma a cikin mutumin Lt. Col. (daga baya Mataimakin Gwamna na kudancin Najeriya) H. C. Moorhouse ya karbe shi cikin lumana daga Warrant Chief Ezenwosu a Awka-Etiti. A wannan yanki sabili da haka, ya ɗauki shekaru 12 na Burtaniya don fadada tasirin su a kan nisan da bai wuce kilomita 2 ba. Ta haka ne aka ji Awka-Etiti a matsayin ƙaya a cikin nama ta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.&nbsp; Kafin wannan, a cikin 1900 Awka-Etiti ya sadu da wasan su a cikin rundunar balaguro ta Burtaniya. A wannan shekarar Birtaniya ta shirya taron zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka-Etiti da [[Nnewi]], don warware rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Mai fassara a wannan muhimmiyar taron, Mista Nwokedi, ɗan asalin Nnewi ne. Wannan ya haifar da halin da ake ciki inda Awka-Etiti ya yi imani da cewa an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, yayin da aka gaya wa masu sulhu na Burtaniya da ke taron cewa Awka- Etiti ya ki amincewa da zaman lafiya. Wakilan Awka-Etiti marasa sani sun koma gida don yada labarai masu kyau cewa fararen ya kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka- Etiti da Nnewi. Sakamakon haka, an dakatar da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti kuma an dakatar da su. Babban abin takaici ne saboda haka lokacin da Birtaniya Southern Nigeria Regiment, karkashin jagorancin Nnewi scouts, suka kaddamar da babban hari na mamaki kafin asuba a kan Awka-Etiti. Wani hari da aka shirya da sauri da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti suka yi a kan manyan makamai da aka tono a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya ya ƙare cikin fiasco. Wanda ya jagoranci hare-haren da aka kai wa matsayin Birtaniya shi ne ''Ochiagha'' (kwamanda na yaki). Wannan mutumin, ƙwararren janar kuma tsohon soja na yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa abokai da abokan gaba sun yi la'akari da shi gaba ɗaya don tabbatar da harsashi da kibiya, sunan da ya yi amfani da shi da kyau a lokuta da yawa da suka gabata. An danganta tabbacin harsashi da shi ga sihiri mai ƙarfi ([[juju]]) wanda ya samu daga dangin mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda likitoci ne masu ƙarfi a Ichida. Saboda haka ya kasance mafi ƙwarewa da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba lokacin da sojojin Burtaniya suka bude wuta a kan mayaƙan Awka-Etiti a nesa da Manyan bindigogi da manyan bindiga. Wani harsashi ya ragargaza hannun Ochiagha a wuyan hannu tare da jini yana fitowa, wanda ya tilasta masa ya sauke makaminsa. Da ganin wannan, mutanen Awka-Etiti sun yi sanyin gwiwa kuma sun rasa fatan nasara. Sojojin sun rushe, Ochiagha da mayaƙansa masu ƙarfin zuciya sun rasa rayukansu ga Birtaniya a cikin wani harin kashe kansa na ƙarshe a matsayin abokan gaba. Shugabannin da suka tsira da fitattun mayaƙa sun gudu zuwa gudun hijira zuwa dangantakarsu a [[Igbo-Ukwu]] da kuma nesa kamar Neni. Sauran Awka-Etiti an tilasta su ba da bindigoginsu ga Birtaniya a filin kasuwar Eke inda aka hallaka su. Wannan lamarin ya kawo karshen zamanin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Awka-Etiti da maƙwabtanta. === '''Zamanin Kiristanci''' === [[Fayil:St_Mary`s_Anglican_church_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Anglican na St. Mary's Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:St_Joseph_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph Awka-Etiti]] A shekarar 1904 ne mishanoni na farko ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mrs. Mary Bennett suka iso Awka-Etiti. Cocin farko na C.M.S. an gina shi ne a ƙauyen Iruowelle. A shekarar 1913 kuma aka kafa mishan ɗin Roman Katolika, wanda ya gina coci da makaranta. Waɗannan majami’u biyu sun taimaka wajen juyar da yawancin mutanen Awka-Etiti zuwa addinin Kiristanci. A shekarar 1944 aka kafa ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU)<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wacce ta karɓi jagorancin gudanar da harkokin gari daga tsohuwar majalisar dattawa ta gargajiya. An gudanar da zaben Igwe a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1957 tare da HRH IGWE Dr. Silas O. C. Ezenwa ya fito a matsayin Obi na farko na Awka-Etiti. Obi na biyu shi ne HRH Cif Joachin Ojukwu (Akum 1 na Awka-Etiti). Obi na yanzu shine HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenma (Okagbado). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra State Government {{!}} Awka Etiti Gets New Traditional Ruler |url=http://anambrastate.gov.ng/awka-etiti-gets-new-traditional-ruler/ |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=anambrastate.gov.ng}}</ref> == Al'adu == [[Fayil:Carved_Door.JPG|thumb|Fasahar Igbo: ƙofar katako ta gargajiya da aka samo a Awka-Etiti]] Al'adun Awka-Etiti sun dace da [[Al'adun Igbo|Omenala]] kuma suna da [[Al'adun Igbo]], suna da alaƙa da Fasahar Igbo da kiɗa na Igbo. Duk da yake ayyukan al'adu da bukukuwan da yawa na dā, saboda an haɗa su da alloli da al'adun arna na dā, sun daina yin su tun zuwan Kiristanci (kamar bukukuwan ''Ilo Muo'' da ''Igba Ota''), akwai cibiyoyin gargajiya da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba har zuwa yau. === Bukukuwan === [[Fayil:Eze_Onyiudo_(2).jpg|thumb|Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:Odogwu_3.jpg|thumb|Masquerade na Odogwu Awka-Etiti]] Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā an kirista su kuma an haɗa su da bukukuwan kirista da ke akwai. ''Afia Nkwu'' da (kwana takwas bayan haka) bukukuwan ''Kamanu'' a ƙarshen Disamba da farkon Janairu misali, wanda ya nuna ƙarshen tsohuwar Kalandar Igbo an maye gurbin su da bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara na yau. Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā da aka yi bikin a garin an daidaita su don dacewa da bukatun yanzu da mahallin kamar ''Iwa Ji'' (New Yam festival) a watan Agusta. ''Afia Olu'' da ''Ofala'' wasu bukukuwan gargajiya ne har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Awka-Etiti. ==== Bikin ''Odunke'' ==== <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Shahararren bikin Odunke wanda ya zama wahayi da mai ba da suna ga ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Biafra, gami da [[Chinua Achebe]] da Christopher Okigbo (Al'ummar Masu zane-zane na Odunke), ya cancanci ambaton na musamman kamar yadda yake da alama na musamman ga Awka-Etiti. Yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan da ba su da tushen addini. Ya kasance carnival tare da babban bikin, biki, da kuma nuna dukiya, wadata da matsayi na zamantakewa wanda ya haɗa dukkan zane-zane na al'umma a cikin dangantaka mai jituwa. An yi Odunke na karshe a shekarar 1955.<ref>G. O. Akajiobi. Traditional life, cultural beliefs, customs and practices of the people of Awka-Etiti: past and present. Cecta Books (2006) p.94 {{ISBN|978810746X}}, 9789788107460</ref> [[Fayil:Igbo_ichi_marks.jpg|thumb|Halin gargajiya na Igbo Ichi Scarification]] Kamar yadda ya saba da Igboland, cibiyar masu riƙe da taken gargajiya, Nze na ''Ozo'' ta samo asali ne a Awka-Etiti. Akwai maki biyu na taken gargajiya a Awka-Etiti. Matsayi na farko shine taken Ozo wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin lakabi masu zuwa; ''Ezissi, Okpala, Isiokolo, Ikiwi'' da ''Ozala''. Daga cikin wadannan Ezissi shine mafi girma, tare da alhakin kwantar da hankalin alloli da alloli daban-daban a tarihi da suka faru a kan babban mai riƙe da taken Ezissi a cikin Al'umma. Matsayi na biyu na taken shugabanci shine ''Nnukwu-Ozo'' (High-Ozo). Takardun Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sun fada cikin waɗannan rukunoni: ''Ezeani, Dunu, Dim, Dallah'' da ''Umeh'' kuma a al'adance ana iya ba da su ne kawai ga 'yan takarar da aka fara su a baya a cikin aji na farko na taken Ozo kuma waɗanda aka ga sun tabbatar da asalin su a yaƙi ko ta hanyar wasu manyan ƙoƙarin. Farawa cikin waɗannan lakabi na Nnukwu-Ozo ya kasance kuma har yanzu yana da tsada sosai. A tarihi, bikin farawa a cikin asirin Nnukwu-Ozo ya haɗa da mummunan zafi da kuma girman [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] scarification, wanda aka gano waɗannan maza a fili. An dakatar da scarification na [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada a zamanin yau saboda dalilai masu kyau. Mai ɗaukar alamun Ichi na ƙarshe, Cif Ezenwosu ya mutu a farkon karni na ashirin. [[Fayil:Python_natalensis_Smith_1840.jpg|right|thumb|Macijin Eke]] Sauran nau'ikan riguna na musamman waɗanda ke nuna mai riƙe da taken Ozo da mai riƙe da sunan Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sune jan murfin (tare da gashin gaggafa don Nnukwu-Uzo), gashin gashin doki, gashin gashi na kaza da gashin giwa. === Taboos === Kashewa ko cin maciji na ''Eke'' (''Python regius''), da Dog (''Canis lupus familiaris''), anathema ne a Awka-Etiti, an dauke su dabbobi masu tsarki da ke da alaƙa da alloli na gida. == Ilimi == Awka-Etiti tana da makarantun firamare da yawa a cikin ƙauyuka bakwai, gami da makarantar firamare ta Nkolofia, makarantar firamaren Father Pauls Memorial, makarantar firama ta Union, makarantar firaminare ta Umunocha, makarantar tsakiya, Glory Group of Schools wanda ya ƙunshi Cibiyar Ilimi ta Glory (nursery da firamare) da aka kafa a 1989 da Glory Royal Academy (na biyu) da aka gina a 1998. An kafa makarantar sakandare ta St. Josephs a cikin 1962 ta al'ummar Katolika kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da asibitin koyarwa a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta mata a 1964 ta wurin Obi na Awka-Etiti HRH IGWE Dr. S.O.C. Ezenwa. Cif Gerald A. Chukelu (Dunu Nze Afulukwe) ya kasance majagaba kuma ɗan asalin Awka Etiti na farko da ya wuce takardar shaidar Senior Cambridge (London) a 1938 kuma yana cikin aji na farko na kammala karatun Kwalejin C.K.C. Onitsha . Wadanda suka kammala karatun jami'a na farko daga Awka-Etiti sune Mr. E.R. Dallah (1955), Dr.A. A. Okoye (1956) da Cif O. F. Obi (1957). Likitoci na farko daga Awka-Etiti sun kammala karatu game da 1965 a cikin mutanen Cif Dr. Francis. E. Ezissi (Ife Awka-Etiti) likitan tiyata ne na Jamus, Dokta Samuel Ezenwa likitan tiyatu ne na Amurka kuma Dokta George Udenkwo likitan mata da aka horar a Ireland. == Lafiya == [[Fayil:Ambulance_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ambulance a Awka-Etiti]] A shekara ta 1958 gwamnatin gabashin Najeriya ta mayar da gidan haihuwa zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ita ce kawai cibiyar kiwon lafiya har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980 lokacin da likitocin asali na farko suka buɗe jerin asibitoci masu zaman kansu ciki har da; St. Francis Specialist Hospital da Mortuary, Kanayo Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Idemili Specialist Hospital, da kuma Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital. == Tattalin Arziki == Awka-Etiti na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke motsawa a bayan ci gaban masana'antu a ƙasar Igbo. Maza da mata masu kasuwanci daga garin sun sami nasarar ƙwarewa wajen shigo da kekuna da sassan keke a farkon shekarun 1940. Bayan yakin basasar Najeriya 'yan kasuwa Awka-Etiti sun kafa wasu sanannun masana'antu musamman GMO Group of Companies da Roadmaster Industries Ltd. <ref name="Tom G. Forrest 1995 p.151" /> Kwanan nan masana'antu da aka kafa sune layin kayan kwalliya na IKB da kuma Kamfanin Ginin Interbau Ltd. Dubban damar aiki a Najeriya da kuma bayan haka an samar da su kai tsaye da kai tsaye ta waɗannan da sauran masana'antu da kamfanonin kasuwanci da suka samo asali a Awka-Etiti. == Infrastructure == Yawancin hanyoyi a Awka-Etiti suna da tarred. [[Fayil:Privately_tarred_road_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Hanyar da aka yi da lakabi a Awka-Etiti]] Wannan ya yiwu ne kawai saboda godiya ga ayyukan agaji da na al'umma. A wannan bangaren, Awka-Etiti tana wakiltar halin da ake ciki a garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da Igboland, inda aka ji kadan ko babu ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da gwamnati ta haifar.<ref>Kate Meagher: Identity Economics: Social Networks & the Informal Economy in Africa, Boydell & Brewer 2010 p.45 {{ISBN|1847010164}}, 9781847010162</ref> Duk da wannan, Ƙungiyar Matasan Iruowelle da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Umunocha sun kasance mafi shahara wajen taring hanyoyi a ƙauyukansu. Bayan haka, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa sun lalace ta hanyar kokarin da aka yi na 'yan ƙasa masu ba da agaji. == Mutane == * Godwin Ekejekwu Chikeluba, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji * Adaeze Yobo née Igwe; Tsohon Yarinya mafi kyau a Najeriya * [[Chief Godwin Adimike|Cif Godwin Adimike]], ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji == Bayani == == Bayanan da aka ambata == * Akajiobi, G.O. Awka-Etiti Chieftaincy Dispute da kuma rikicin da ya shafi 1957-1999. Littattafan Afirka (2005) {{ISBN|9782915394}} * Dallah, E.R. da Nzewi, E.C. Takaitaccen Tarihin Al'ummar ƙauyen Iruowelle, Littattafai Masu Kyau Enugu. (1996) {{ISBN|978203987X}} * Tom G. Forrest. Ci gaban Babban Birnin Afirka: Ci gaban Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Najeriya. Littattafan Spectrum (1995) {{ISBN|9782462543}} * The Nation, jaridar yanar gizo, labarin "New Yam Festival tare da bambanci a cikin ''Al'ummar'' Anambra" na Adimike George, wanda aka buga 8 ga Agusta 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=58387 == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQywPFGQDOQ Ife Awka_Etiti: Tafiyar Ƙarshe (bidiyo na YouTube)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyfj_ZQZYc8 Bikin Ofala na karshe na Mai Girma Eze-Igwe S.O. Ezenwa, Obi na Awka-Etiti (bidiyo na YouTube)] {{LGAs and communities of Anambra State}}{{Igbo topics}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Gari a Jihar Anambra]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4gc2774zncrm4cz3b183t3ef1nm8sxp 840395 840394 2026-05-27T06:11:56Z AKA024 30597 /* Haɗin waje */ 840395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Awka-Etiti''' (lafazi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti<nowiki>''</nowiki>), wanda a tarihi aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Diedo<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Igbo: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ọka Diedo<nowiki>''</nowiki>), sannan daga baya marubutan mulkin mallaka suka kira shi <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Okankaku), gari ne mai ci gaba da yalwar tattalin arziki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka bakwai a Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Idemili ta Kudu]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ƙauyukan bakwai na Awka-Etiti bisa tsarin shekarun kafuwarsu su ne: Nkolofia, Umunocha, Ejighinandu, Iruowelle, Umudunu, Nnaba da Ogunzele. Al’ummar asalin Awka-Etiti na daga cikin ƙabilar [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]], kuma garin yana cikin [[Kasar Inyamurai|yankin al’adun Igbo]], kilomita 24 daga [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] a arewa maso gabashin [[Onitsha]], kilomita 16 daga Nri, da kilomita 2 daga [[Igbo-Ukwu]]. Awka-Etiti yana iyaka da Ichida, Azigbo, Nnokwa, Nnewi, Nnobi da Amichi. Babban harshen da ake magana da shi a garin shi ne karin [[harshen Igbo]] na Idemili. A shekarar 2005, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Awka-Etiti da kusan mutane 35,000. Haka kuma akwai dimbin 'yan asalin garin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, waɗanda gudummawarsu ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin garin. == Tarihi == === Tarihin kafin mulkin mallaka === Tarihin Awka-Etiti kafin shekarar 1900 bai samu rubuce-rubuce ba, sai dai ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyi da al’adun baka. Bisa binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a Igbo-Ukwu, wanda yake kilomita biyu kacal daga Awka-Etiti, an tabbatar cewa yankin ya kasance mazaunin al’ummar Igbo tun kafin ƙarni na tara Miladiyya. Yankin ya kasance cibiyar masana’antar sarrafa ƙarafa mai bunƙasa, tare da tsohuwar hulɗar kasuwanci, zamantakewa da al’adu tsakanin yankin da [[tsohuwar Masar]]. Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar gano tarin lu’ulu’u da ƙwayoyin ado na cornelian a wuraren binciken, wasu daga cikinsu an ƙera su ne a tsohuwar Alkahira a masana’antun [[Fustat]]. A tarihin baka na yankin akwai ruwayoyi daban-daban game da asalin Awka-Etiti, waɗanda ke danganta garin da zuriyar gama-gari tare da wasu tsoffin garuruwa na yankin. Garuruwan Uke, Ojoto, Nnobi da Nnewi ana danganta su da asalin zuriya ɗaya da Awka-Etiti. Dukkanin ruwayoyin baka suna danganta kafuwar Awka-Etiti ga wani mutum mai suna Diedo. A wasu ruwayoyin, an ce shi ɗan Ezenne ne. Ezenne kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗan’uwan Uke da Ojoto. Ezenne yana da ’ya’ya biyu maza da mace guda. Sunayen ’ya’yan mazan su ne Okwuike da Diedo, yayin da sunan ’yar shi ne Edo. Edo ta auri Ezemewi wanda ake danganta kafuwar Nnewi gare shi. Okwuike kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin mahaifin Nnobi. Diedo ya haifi ɗa guda ɗaya mai suna Okagbado. Bayan mutuwar Ezenne, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin Okwuike da Diedo kan rabon dukiyar mahaifinsu, lamarin da ya sa Diedo da ɗansa Okagbado suka bar gidansu na kakanni da ke bakin Kogin Obiaja suka koma wani wuri mai suna Ogwuwgu Diedo a yankin Iruowelle na yanzu a Awka-Etiti. Okagbado ya auri mata uku waɗanda suka haifa masa ’ya’ya maza tara. Matar farko ta haifi Ezioka da Umoh. Ta biyu ta haifi Nkolofia, Ejighnandu, Iruowelle da Ogunzele, yayin da ta uku ta haifi Ocha, Dunuezue da Nnaba. Waɗannan su ne ƙauyuka tara na asalin Awka-Etiti. Daga baya, Umoh da Ezioka sun shiga mummunan yaƙin cikin gida wanda ya kusa shafe su baki ɗaya. Duk bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da mayaƙan haya daga [[Ohafia]] da [[Abam]]. Ragowar mutanen Ezioka daga baya suka haɗe da ƙauyen Nkolofia, yayin da na Umoh suka haɗe da Ejighinandu, abin da ya rage Awka-Etiti da ƙauyuka bakwai har zuwa yau. Tsakanin kimanin shekarar 1760 zuwa 1900, tarihin Awka-Diedo ya kasance cike da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani da garuruwan maƙwabta saboda manufofin faɗaɗa iko. Musamman, Nnewi ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe masu yawa da Awka-Diedo kan rikicin iyakoki. Haka kuma Nnokwa, Amichi, Azigbo da Ichida sun taɓa yin yaƙi da Awka-Diedo a lokuta daban-daban. Jarumta da dabarun mayaƙan Awka-Etiti, ciki har da tono ramuka a bayan layin maƙiya da kafa tarkuna, sun sa maƙiyansu suka girmama su tare da ba su laƙabin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda <nowiki>''</nowiki>nkakwu<nowiki>''</nowiki> a harshen Igbo ke nufin dabbar skunk. Wannan laƙabi daga baya ya zama suna da maƙwabta ke kiran garin. Kamar yadda E. R. Dallah da E. C. Nzewi suka bayyana: {{Blockquote|A wannan lokaci ne Oka-Diedo ta samu laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu''' saboda dimbin dabarun yaƙi da mutanenta ke amfani da su wajen fatattakar maƙiya. A wasu lokuta suna haƙa manyan ramuka masu zurfi a muhimman wurare, sannan su kafa kaifafan sandunan gora a cikinsu. Daga baya sukan rufe ramukan da ciyawa domin ɓoye su yadda ba za a gane akwai su ba. Sau da yawa ana jan mayaƙan maƙiya zuwa cikin waɗannan ramuka na tarko, inda sandunan gorar ke huda jikinsu har hanjinsu na fito wa waje. A wasu lokutan kuma, mayaƙan Oka-Diedo kan haƙa hanyoyi ko ramuka a bayan sansanonin maƙiya, su kai musu farmaki daga baya cikin bazata tare da tarwatsa su gaba ɗaya. Irin waɗannan jarumtaka da dabarun yaƙi masu tayar da hankali sun sanya mayaƙan Nnewi suka ba su laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu'''. Wannan laƙabi bai kasance abin zagi ga kakanninmu ba, domin suna alfahari da irin wannan yabo da suke samu daga bakin maƙiyansu. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, laƙabin da aka ƙirƙira domin raina Oka-Diedo ya zama sabon sunansu, kuma ya riƙa sanya tsoro da firgici a zukatan maƙiyansu.<ref>Dallah, E. R. and Nzewi, E. C. (1996) shf. 6–7</ref>}} An ce duk da Nnewi ta kashe kuɗaɗe masu yawa wajen ɗauko mayaƙan haya daga Abam da Ohafia domin hallaka Awka-Nkakwu, ba su samu nasarar cin yaƙin gaba ɗaya ba. Wannan ya samu ne saboda ƙawancen soja mai ƙarfi tsakanin Awka-Etiti da mayaƙan [[Oraukwu, Anambra|Oraukwu]], waɗanda ke taimaka wa juna a lokutan yaƙi. === Zamanin mulkin mallaka === [[Fayil:Ochiagha_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Siffar jarumi Awka-Etiti]] Wannan yanayi ya ci gaba har zuwa zuwan rundunonin hukunta tawaye na Birtaniya tsakanin shekarun 1883 da 1906. A wannan lokaci, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki Awka-Etiti a matsayin cikas ga yaɗuwar tasirinsu zuwa yankunan ciki. Garin ya ƙi mika makamansa ga Turawa, kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin gari mai adawa da manufofin mulkin mallaka. An yi la'akari da Awka-Etiti mai tsayayya da manufofin Burtaniya kuma ya ki bin bukatar mika bindigogin su. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa Awka-Etiti ta kasance mai ƙiyayya ta hanyar kafa ta gaskiyar cewa yayin da aka gina cocin Ikilisiya na farko (CMS) a Nnewi a cikin 1892, ba har zuwa 1904 ba ne aka karɓi fari na farko a cikin nau'in mishan CMS Mrs. Mary Bennett cikin salama a ƙasar Awka- Etiti. Lalle ne, har zuwa 5 ga Fabrairu 1905 ne wakilin hukuma na farko na gwamnatin Mai Girma a cikin mutumin Lt. Col. (daga baya Mataimakin Gwamna na kudancin Najeriya) H. C. Moorhouse ya karbe shi cikin lumana daga Warrant Chief Ezenwosu a Awka-Etiti. A wannan yanki sabili da haka, ya ɗauki shekaru 12 na Burtaniya don fadada tasirin su a kan nisan da bai wuce kilomita 2 ba. Ta haka ne aka ji Awka-Etiti a matsayin ƙaya a cikin nama ta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.&nbsp; Kafin wannan, a cikin 1900 Awka-Etiti ya sadu da wasan su a cikin rundunar balaguro ta Burtaniya. A wannan shekarar Birtaniya ta shirya taron zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka-Etiti da [[Nnewi]], don warware rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Mai fassara a wannan muhimmiyar taron, Mista Nwokedi, ɗan asalin Nnewi ne. Wannan ya haifar da halin da ake ciki inda Awka-Etiti ya yi imani da cewa an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, yayin da aka gaya wa masu sulhu na Burtaniya da ke taron cewa Awka- Etiti ya ki amincewa da zaman lafiya. Wakilan Awka-Etiti marasa sani sun koma gida don yada labarai masu kyau cewa fararen ya kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka- Etiti da Nnewi. Sakamakon haka, an dakatar da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti kuma an dakatar da su. Babban abin takaici ne saboda haka lokacin da Birtaniya Southern Nigeria Regiment, karkashin jagorancin Nnewi scouts, suka kaddamar da babban hari na mamaki kafin asuba a kan Awka-Etiti. Wani hari da aka shirya da sauri da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti suka yi a kan manyan makamai da aka tono a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya ya ƙare cikin fiasco. Wanda ya jagoranci hare-haren da aka kai wa matsayin Birtaniya shi ne ''Ochiagha'' (kwamanda na yaki). Wannan mutumin, ƙwararren janar kuma tsohon soja na yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa abokai da abokan gaba sun yi la'akari da shi gaba ɗaya don tabbatar da harsashi da kibiya, sunan da ya yi amfani da shi da kyau a lokuta da yawa da suka gabata. An danganta tabbacin harsashi da shi ga sihiri mai ƙarfi ([[juju]]) wanda ya samu daga dangin mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda likitoci ne masu ƙarfi a Ichida. Saboda haka ya kasance mafi ƙwarewa da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba lokacin da sojojin Burtaniya suka bude wuta a kan mayaƙan Awka-Etiti a nesa da Manyan bindigogi da manyan bindiga. Wani harsashi ya ragargaza hannun Ochiagha a wuyan hannu tare da jini yana fitowa, wanda ya tilasta masa ya sauke makaminsa. Da ganin wannan, mutanen Awka-Etiti sun yi sanyin gwiwa kuma sun rasa fatan nasara. Sojojin sun rushe, Ochiagha da mayaƙansa masu ƙarfin zuciya sun rasa rayukansu ga Birtaniya a cikin wani harin kashe kansa na ƙarshe a matsayin abokan gaba. Shugabannin da suka tsira da fitattun mayaƙa sun gudu zuwa gudun hijira zuwa dangantakarsu a [[Igbo-Ukwu]] da kuma nesa kamar Neni. Sauran Awka-Etiti an tilasta su ba da bindigoginsu ga Birtaniya a filin kasuwar Eke inda aka hallaka su. Wannan lamarin ya kawo karshen zamanin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Awka-Etiti da maƙwabtanta. === '''Zamanin Kiristanci''' === [[Fayil:St_Mary`s_Anglican_church_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Anglican na St. Mary's Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:St_Joseph_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph Awka-Etiti]] A shekarar 1904 ne mishanoni na farko ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mrs. Mary Bennett suka iso Awka-Etiti. Cocin farko na C.M.S. an gina shi ne a ƙauyen Iruowelle. A shekarar 1913 kuma aka kafa mishan ɗin Roman Katolika, wanda ya gina coci da makaranta. Waɗannan majami’u biyu sun taimaka wajen juyar da yawancin mutanen Awka-Etiti zuwa addinin Kiristanci. A shekarar 1944 aka kafa ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU)<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wacce ta karɓi jagorancin gudanar da harkokin gari daga tsohuwar majalisar dattawa ta gargajiya. An gudanar da zaben Igwe a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1957 tare da HRH IGWE Dr. Silas O. C. Ezenwa ya fito a matsayin Obi na farko na Awka-Etiti. Obi na biyu shi ne HRH Cif Joachin Ojukwu (Akum 1 na Awka-Etiti). Obi na yanzu shine HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenma (Okagbado). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra State Government {{!}} Awka Etiti Gets New Traditional Ruler |url=http://anambrastate.gov.ng/awka-etiti-gets-new-traditional-ruler/ |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=anambrastate.gov.ng}}</ref> == Al'adu == [[Fayil:Carved_Door.JPG|thumb|Fasahar Igbo: ƙofar katako ta gargajiya da aka samo a Awka-Etiti]] Al'adun Awka-Etiti sun dace da [[Al'adun Igbo|Omenala]] kuma suna da [[Al'adun Igbo]], suna da alaƙa da Fasahar Igbo da kiɗa na Igbo. Duk da yake ayyukan al'adu da bukukuwan da yawa na dā, saboda an haɗa su da alloli da al'adun arna na dā, sun daina yin su tun zuwan Kiristanci (kamar bukukuwan ''Ilo Muo'' da ''Igba Ota''), akwai cibiyoyin gargajiya da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba har zuwa yau. === Bukukuwan === [[Fayil:Eze_Onyiudo_(2).jpg|thumb|Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:Odogwu_3.jpg|thumb|Masquerade na Odogwu Awka-Etiti]] Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā an kirista su kuma an haɗa su da bukukuwan kirista da ke akwai. ''Afia Nkwu'' da (kwana takwas bayan haka) bukukuwan ''Kamanu'' a ƙarshen Disamba da farkon Janairu misali, wanda ya nuna ƙarshen tsohuwar Kalandar Igbo an maye gurbin su da bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara na yau. Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā da aka yi bikin a garin an daidaita su don dacewa da bukatun yanzu da mahallin kamar ''Iwa Ji'' (New Yam festival) a watan Agusta. ''Afia Olu'' da ''Ofala'' wasu bukukuwan gargajiya ne har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Awka-Etiti. ==== Bikin ''Odunke'' ==== <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Shahararren bikin Odunke wanda ya zama wahayi da mai ba da suna ga ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Biafra, gami da [[Chinua Achebe]] da Christopher Okigbo (Al'ummar Masu zane-zane na Odunke), ya cancanci ambaton na musamman kamar yadda yake da alama na musamman ga Awka-Etiti. Yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan da ba su da tushen addini. Ya kasance carnival tare da babban bikin, biki, da kuma nuna dukiya, wadata da matsayi na zamantakewa wanda ya haɗa dukkan zane-zane na al'umma a cikin dangantaka mai jituwa. An yi Odunke na karshe a shekarar 1955.<ref>G. O. Akajiobi. Traditional life, cultural beliefs, customs and practices of the people of Awka-Etiti: past and present. Cecta Books (2006) p.94 {{ISBN|978810746X}}, 9789788107460</ref> [[Fayil:Igbo_ichi_marks.jpg|thumb|Halin gargajiya na Igbo Ichi Scarification]] Kamar yadda ya saba da Igboland, cibiyar masu riƙe da taken gargajiya, Nze na ''Ozo'' ta samo asali ne a Awka-Etiti. Akwai maki biyu na taken gargajiya a Awka-Etiti. Matsayi na farko shine taken Ozo wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin lakabi masu zuwa; ''Ezissi, Okpala, Isiokolo, Ikiwi'' da ''Ozala''. Daga cikin wadannan Ezissi shine mafi girma, tare da alhakin kwantar da hankalin alloli da alloli daban-daban a tarihi da suka faru a kan babban mai riƙe da taken Ezissi a cikin Al'umma. Matsayi na biyu na taken shugabanci shine ''Nnukwu-Ozo'' (High-Ozo). Takardun Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sun fada cikin waɗannan rukunoni: ''Ezeani, Dunu, Dim, Dallah'' da ''Umeh'' kuma a al'adance ana iya ba da su ne kawai ga 'yan takarar da aka fara su a baya a cikin aji na farko na taken Ozo kuma waɗanda aka ga sun tabbatar da asalin su a yaƙi ko ta hanyar wasu manyan ƙoƙarin. Farawa cikin waɗannan lakabi na Nnukwu-Ozo ya kasance kuma har yanzu yana da tsada sosai. A tarihi, bikin farawa a cikin asirin Nnukwu-Ozo ya haɗa da mummunan zafi da kuma girman [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] scarification, wanda aka gano waɗannan maza a fili. An dakatar da scarification na [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada a zamanin yau saboda dalilai masu kyau. Mai ɗaukar alamun Ichi na ƙarshe, Cif Ezenwosu ya mutu a farkon karni na ashirin. [[Fayil:Python_natalensis_Smith_1840.jpg|right|thumb|Macijin Eke]] Sauran nau'ikan riguna na musamman waɗanda ke nuna mai riƙe da taken Ozo da mai riƙe da sunan Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sune jan murfin (tare da gashin gaggafa don Nnukwu-Uzo), gashin gashin doki, gashin gashi na kaza da gashin giwa. === Taboos === Kashewa ko cin maciji na ''Eke'' (''Python regius''), da Dog (''Canis lupus familiaris''), anathema ne a Awka-Etiti, an dauke su dabbobi masu tsarki da ke da alaƙa da alloli na gida. == Ilimi == Awka-Etiti tana da makarantun firamare da yawa a cikin ƙauyuka bakwai, gami da makarantar firamare ta Nkolofia, makarantar firamaren Father Pauls Memorial, makarantar firama ta Union, makarantar firaminare ta Umunocha, makarantar tsakiya, Glory Group of Schools wanda ya ƙunshi Cibiyar Ilimi ta Glory (nursery da firamare) da aka kafa a 1989 da Glory Royal Academy (na biyu) da aka gina a 1998. An kafa makarantar sakandare ta St. Josephs a cikin 1962 ta al'ummar Katolika kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da asibitin koyarwa a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta mata a 1964 ta wurin Obi na Awka-Etiti HRH IGWE Dr. S.O.C. Ezenwa. Cif Gerald A. Chukelu (Dunu Nze Afulukwe) ya kasance majagaba kuma ɗan asalin Awka Etiti na farko da ya wuce takardar shaidar Senior Cambridge (London) a 1938 kuma yana cikin aji na farko na kammala karatun Kwalejin C.K.C. Onitsha . Wadanda suka kammala karatun jami'a na farko daga Awka-Etiti sune Mr. E.R. Dallah (1955), Dr.A. A. Okoye (1956) da Cif O. F. Obi (1957). Likitoci na farko daga Awka-Etiti sun kammala karatu game da 1965 a cikin mutanen Cif Dr. Francis. E. Ezissi (Ife Awka-Etiti) likitan tiyata ne na Jamus, Dokta Samuel Ezenwa likitan tiyatu ne na Amurka kuma Dokta George Udenkwo likitan mata da aka horar a Ireland. == Lafiya == [[Fayil:Ambulance_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ambulance a Awka-Etiti]] A shekara ta 1958 gwamnatin gabashin Najeriya ta mayar da gidan haihuwa zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ita ce kawai cibiyar kiwon lafiya har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980 lokacin da likitocin asali na farko suka buɗe jerin asibitoci masu zaman kansu ciki har da; St. Francis Specialist Hospital da Mortuary, Kanayo Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Idemili Specialist Hospital, da kuma Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital. == Tattalin Arziki == Awka-Etiti na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke motsawa a bayan ci gaban masana'antu a ƙasar Igbo. Maza da mata masu kasuwanci daga garin sun sami nasarar ƙwarewa wajen shigo da kekuna da sassan keke a farkon shekarun 1940. Bayan yakin basasar Najeriya 'yan kasuwa Awka-Etiti sun kafa wasu sanannun masana'antu musamman GMO Group of Companies da Roadmaster Industries Ltd. <ref name="Tom G. Forrest 1995 p.151" /> Kwanan nan masana'antu da aka kafa sune layin kayan kwalliya na IKB da kuma Kamfanin Ginin Interbau Ltd. Dubban damar aiki a Najeriya da kuma bayan haka an samar da su kai tsaye da kai tsaye ta waɗannan da sauran masana'antu da kamfanonin kasuwanci da suka samo asali a Awka-Etiti. == Infrastructure == Yawancin hanyoyi a Awka-Etiti suna da tarred. [[Fayil:Privately_tarred_road_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Hanyar da aka yi da lakabi a Awka-Etiti]] Wannan ya yiwu ne kawai saboda godiya ga ayyukan agaji da na al'umma. A wannan bangaren, Awka-Etiti tana wakiltar halin da ake ciki a garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da Igboland, inda aka ji kadan ko babu ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da gwamnati ta haifar.<ref>Kate Meagher: Identity Economics: Social Networks & the Informal Economy in Africa, Boydell & Brewer 2010 p.45 {{ISBN|1847010164}}, 9781847010162</ref> Duk da wannan, Ƙungiyar Matasan Iruowelle da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Umunocha sun kasance mafi shahara wajen taring hanyoyi a ƙauyukansu. Bayan haka, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa sun lalace ta hanyar kokarin da aka yi na 'yan ƙasa masu ba da agaji. == Mutane == * Godwin Ekejekwu Chikeluba, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji * Adaeze Yobo née Igwe; Tsohon Yarinya mafi kyau a Najeriya * [[Chief Godwin Adimike|Cif Godwin Adimike]], ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji == Bayani == == Bayanan da aka ambata == * Akajiobi, G.O. Awka-Etiti Chieftaincy Dispute da kuma rikicin da ya shafi 1957-1999. Littattafan Afirka (2005) {{ISBN|9782915394}} * Dallah, E.R. da Nzewi, E.C. Takaitaccen Tarihin Al'ummar ƙauyen Iruowelle, Littattafai Masu Kyau Enugu. (1996) {{ISBN|978203987X}} * Tom G. Forrest. Ci gaban Babban Birnin Afirka: Ci gaban Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Najeriya. Littattafan Spectrum (1995) {{ISBN|9782462543}} * The Nation, jaridar yanar gizo, labarin "New Yam Festival tare da bambanci a cikin ''Al'ummar'' Anambra" na Adimike George, wanda aka buga 8 ga Agusta 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=58387 == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQywPFGQDOQ Ife Awka_Etiti: Tafiyar Ƙarshe (bidiyo na YouTube)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyfj_ZQZYc8 Bikin Ofala na karshe na Mai Girma Eze-Igwe S.O. Ezenwa, Obi na Awka-Etiti (bidiyo na YouTube)] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Gari a Jihar Anambra]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c1y0roemt1f5n76eknt57a2fu415toe 840396 840395 2026-05-27T06:13:41Z AKA024 30597 /* Bayani */ 840396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Awka-Etiti''' (lafazi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti<nowiki>''</nowiki>), wanda a tarihi aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Diedo<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Igbo: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ọka Diedo<nowiki>''</nowiki>), sannan daga baya marubutan mulkin mallaka suka kira shi <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Okankaku), gari ne mai ci gaba da yalwar tattalin arziki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka bakwai a Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Idemili ta Kudu]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ƙauyukan bakwai na Awka-Etiti bisa tsarin shekarun kafuwarsu su ne: Nkolofia, Umunocha, Ejighinandu, Iruowelle, Umudunu, Nnaba da Ogunzele. Al’ummar asalin Awka-Etiti na daga cikin ƙabilar [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]], kuma garin yana cikin [[Kasar Inyamurai|yankin al’adun Igbo]], kilomita 24 daga [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] a arewa maso gabashin [[Onitsha]], kilomita 16 daga Nri, da kilomita 2 daga [[Igbo-Ukwu]]. Awka-Etiti yana iyaka da Ichida, Azigbo, Nnokwa, Nnewi, Nnobi da Amichi. Babban harshen da ake magana da shi a garin shi ne karin [[harshen Igbo]] na Idemili. A shekarar 2005, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Awka-Etiti da kusan mutane 35,000. Haka kuma akwai dimbin 'yan asalin garin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, waɗanda gudummawarsu ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin garin. == Tarihi == === Tarihin kafin mulkin mallaka === Tarihin Awka-Etiti kafin shekarar 1900 bai samu rubuce-rubuce ba, sai dai ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyi da al’adun baka. Bisa binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a Igbo-Ukwu, wanda yake kilomita biyu kacal daga Awka-Etiti, an tabbatar cewa yankin ya kasance mazaunin al’ummar Igbo tun kafin ƙarni na tara Miladiyya. Yankin ya kasance cibiyar masana’antar sarrafa ƙarafa mai bunƙasa, tare da tsohuwar hulɗar kasuwanci, zamantakewa da al’adu tsakanin yankin da [[tsohuwar Masar]]. Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar gano tarin lu’ulu’u da ƙwayoyin ado na cornelian a wuraren binciken, wasu daga cikinsu an ƙera su ne a tsohuwar Alkahira a masana’antun [[Fustat]]. A tarihin baka na yankin akwai ruwayoyi daban-daban game da asalin Awka-Etiti, waɗanda ke danganta garin da zuriyar gama-gari tare da wasu tsoffin garuruwa na yankin. Garuruwan Uke, Ojoto, Nnobi da Nnewi ana danganta su da asalin zuriya ɗaya da Awka-Etiti. Dukkanin ruwayoyin baka suna danganta kafuwar Awka-Etiti ga wani mutum mai suna Diedo. A wasu ruwayoyin, an ce shi ɗan Ezenne ne. Ezenne kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗan’uwan Uke da Ojoto. Ezenne yana da ’ya’ya biyu maza da mace guda. Sunayen ’ya’yan mazan su ne Okwuike da Diedo, yayin da sunan ’yar shi ne Edo. Edo ta auri Ezemewi wanda ake danganta kafuwar Nnewi gare shi. Okwuike kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin mahaifin Nnobi. Diedo ya haifi ɗa guda ɗaya mai suna Okagbado. Bayan mutuwar Ezenne, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin Okwuike da Diedo kan rabon dukiyar mahaifinsu, lamarin da ya sa Diedo da ɗansa Okagbado suka bar gidansu na kakanni da ke bakin Kogin Obiaja suka koma wani wuri mai suna Ogwuwgu Diedo a yankin Iruowelle na yanzu a Awka-Etiti. Okagbado ya auri mata uku waɗanda suka haifa masa ’ya’ya maza tara. Matar farko ta haifi Ezioka da Umoh. Ta biyu ta haifi Nkolofia, Ejighnandu, Iruowelle da Ogunzele, yayin da ta uku ta haifi Ocha, Dunuezue da Nnaba. Waɗannan su ne ƙauyuka tara na asalin Awka-Etiti. Daga baya, Umoh da Ezioka sun shiga mummunan yaƙin cikin gida wanda ya kusa shafe su baki ɗaya. Duk bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da mayaƙan haya daga [[Ohafia]] da [[Abam]]. Ragowar mutanen Ezioka daga baya suka haɗe da ƙauyen Nkolofia, yayin da na Umoh suka haɗe da Ejighinandu, abin da ya rage Awka-Etiti da ƙauyuka bakwai har zuwa yau. Tsakanin kimanin shekarar 1760 zuwa 1900, tarihin Awka-Diedo ya kasance cike da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani da garuruwan maƙwabta saboda manufofin faɗaɗa iko. Musamman, Nnewi ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe masu yawa da Awka-Diedo kan rikicin iyakoki. Haka kuma Nnokwa, Amichi, Azigbo da Ichida sun taɓa yin yaƙi da Awka-Diedo a lokuta daban-daban. Jarumta da dabarun mayaƙan Awka-Etiti, ciki har da tono ramuka a bayan layin maƙiya da kafa tarkuna, sun sa maƙiyansu suka girmama su tare da ba su laƙabin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda <nowiki>''</nowiki>nkakwu<nowiki>''</nowiki> a harshen Igbo ke nufin dabbar skunk. Wannan laƙabi daga baya ya zama suna da maƙwabta ke kiran garin. Kamar yadda E. R. Dallah da E. C. Nzewi suka bayyana: {{Blockquote|A wannan lokaci ne Oka-Diedo ta samu laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu''' saboda dimbin dabarun yaƙi da mutanenta ke amfani da su wajen fatattakar maƙiya. A wasu lokuta suna haƙa manyan ramuka masu zurfi a muhimman wurare, sannan su kafa kaifafan sandunan gora a cikinsu. Daga baya sukan rufe ramukan da ciyawa domin ɓoye su yadda ba za a gane akwai su ba. Sau da yawa ana jan mayaƙan maƙiya zuwa cikin waɗannan ramuka na tarko, inda sandunan gorar ke huda jikinsu har hanjinsu na fito wa waje. A wasu lokutan kuma, mayaƙan Oka-Diedo kan haƙa hanyoyi ko ramuka a bayan sansanonin maƙiya, su kai musu farmaki daga baya cikin bazata tare da tarwatsa su gaba ɗaya. Irin waɗannan jarumtaka da dabarun yaƙi masu tayar da hankali sun sanya mayaƙan Nnewi suka ba su laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu'''. Wannan laƙabi bai kasance abin zagi ga kakanninmu ba, domin suna alfahari da irin wannan yabo da suke samu daga bakin maƙiyansu. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, laƙabin da aka ƙirƙira domin raina Oka-Diedo ya zama sabon sunansu, kuma ya riƙa sanya tsoro da firgici a zukatan maƙiyansu.<ref>Dallah, E. R. and Nzewi, E. C. (1996) shf. 6–7</ref>}} An ce duk da Nnewi ta kashe kuɗaɗe masu yawa wajen ɗauko mayaƙan haya daga Abam da Ohafia domin hallaka Awka-Nkakwu, ba su samu nasarar cin yaƙin gaba ɗaya ba. Wannan ya samu ne saboda ƙawancen soja mai ƙarfi tsakanin Awka-Etiti da mayaƙan [[Oraukwu, Anambra|Oraukwu]], waɗanda ke taimaka wa juna a lokutan yaƙi. === Zamanin mulkin mallaka === [[Fayil:Ochiagha_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Siffar jarumi Awka-Etiti]] Wannan yanayi ya ci gaba har zuwa zuwan rundunonin hukunta tawaye na Birtaniya tsakanin shekarun 1883 da 1906. A wannan lokaci, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki Awka-Etiti a matsayin cikas ga yaɗuwar tasirinsu zuwa yankunan ciki. Garin ya ƙi mika makamansa ga Turawa, kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin gari mai adawa da manufofin mulkin mallaka. An yi la'akari da Awka-Etiti mai tsayayya da manufofin Burtaniya kuma ya ki bin bukatar mika bindigogin su. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa Awka-Etiti ta kasance mai ƙiyayya ta hanyar kafa ta gaskiyar cewa yayin da aka gina cocin Ikilisiya na farko (CMS) a Nnewi a cikin 1892, ba har zuwa 1904 ba ne aka karɓi fari na farko a cikin nau'in mishan CMS Mrs. Mary Bennett cikin salama a ƙasar Awka- Etiti. Lalle ne, har zuwa 5 ga Fabrairu 1905 ne wakilin hukuma na farko na gwamnatin Mai Girma a cikin mutumin Lt. Col. (daga baya Mataimakin Gwamna na kudancin Najeriya) H. C. Moorhouse ya karbe shi cikin lumana daga Warrant Chief Ezenwosu a Awka-Etiti. A wannan yanki sabili da haka, ya ɗauki shekaru 12 na Burtaniya don fadada tasirin su a kan nisan da bai wuce kilomita 2 ba. Ta haka ne aka ji Awka-Etiti a matsayin ƙaya a cikin nama ta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.&nbsp; Kafin wannan, a cikin 1900 Awka-Etiti ya sadu da wasan su a cikin rundunar balaguro ta Burtaniya. A wannan shekarar Birtaniya ta shirya taron zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka-Etiti da [[Nnewi]], don warware rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Mai fassara a wannan muhimmiyar taron, Mista Nwokedi, ɗan asalin Nnewi ne. Wannan ya haifar da halin da ake ciki inda Awka-Etiti ya yi imani da cewa an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, yayin da aka gaya wa masu sulhu na Burtaniya da ke taron cewa Awka- Etiti ya ki amincewa da zaman lafiya. Wakilan Awka-Etiti marasa sani sun koma gida don yada labarai masu kyau cewa fararen ya kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka- Etiti da Nnewi. Sakamakon haka, an dakatar da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti kuma an dakatar da su. Babban abin takaici ne saboda haka lokacin da Birtaniya Southern Nigeria Regiment, karkashin jagorancin Nnewi scouts, suka kaddamar da babban hari na mamaki kafin asuba a kan Awka-Etiti. Wani hari da aka shirya da sauri da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti suka yi a kan manyan makamai da aka tono a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya ya ƙare cikin fiasco. Wanda ya jagoranci hare-haren da aka kai wa matsayin Birtaniya shi ne ''Ochiagha'' (kwamanda na yaki). Wannan mutumin, ƙwararren janar kuma tsohon soja na yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa abokai da abokan gaba sun yi la'akari da shi gaba ɗaya don tabbatar da harsashi da kibiya, sunan da ya yi amfani da shi da kyau a lokuta da yawa da suka gabata. An danganta tabbacin harsashi da shi ga sihiri mai ƙarfi ([[juju]]) wanda ya samu daga dangin mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda likitoci ne masu ƙarfi a Ichida. Saboda haka ya kasance mafi ƙwarewa da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba lokacin da sojojin Burtaniya suka bude wuta a kan mayaƙan Awka-Etiti a nesa da Manyan bindigogi da manyan bindiga. Wani harsashi ya ragargaza hannun Ochiagha a wuyan hannu tare da jini yana fitowa, wanda ya tilasta masa ya sauke makaminsa. Da ganin wannan, mutanen Awka-Etiti sun yi sanyin gwiwa kuma sun rasa fatan nasara. Sojojin sun rushe, Ochiagha da mayaƙansa masu ƙarfin zuciya sun rasa rayukansu ga Birtaniya a cikin wani harin kashe kansa na ƙarshe a matsayin abokan gaba. Shugabannin da suka tsira da fitattun mayaƙa sun gudu zuwa gudun hijira zuwa dangantakarsu a [[Igbo-Ukwu]] da kuma nesa kamar Neni. Sauran Awka-Etiti an tilasta su ba da bindigoginsu ga Birtaniya a filin kasuwar Eke inda aka hallaka su. Wannan lamarin ya kawo karshen zamanin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Awka-Etiti da maƙwabtanta. === '''Zamanin Kiristanci''' === [[Fayil:St_Mary`s_Anglican_church_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Anglican na St. Mary's Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:St_Joseph_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph Awka-Etiti]] A shekarar 1904 ne mishanoni na farko ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mrs. Mary Bennett suka iso Awka-Etiti. Cocin farko na C.M.S. an gina shi ne a ƙauyen Iruowelle. A shekarar 1913 kuma aka kafa mishan ɗin Roman Katolika, wanda ya gina coci da makaranta. Waɗannan majami’u biyu sun taimaka wajen juyar da yawancin mutanen Awka-Etiti zuwa addinin Kiristanci. A shekarar 1944 aka kafa ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU)<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wacce ta karɓi jagorancin gudanar da harkokin gari daga tsohuwar majalisar dattawa ta gargajiya. An gudanar da zaben Igwe a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1957 tare da HRH IGWE Dr. Silas O. C. Ezenwa ya fito a matsayin Obi na farko na Awka-Etiti. Obi na biyu shi ne HRH Cif Joachin Ojukwu (Akum 1 na Awka-Etiti). Obi na yanzu shine HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenma (Okagbado). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra State Government {{!}} Awka Etiti Gets New Traditional Ruler |url=http://anambrastate.gov.ng/awka-etiti-gets-new-traditional-ruler/ |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=anambrastate.gov.ng}}</ref> == Al'adu == [[Fayil:Carved_Door.JPG|thumb|Fasahar Igbo: ƙofar katako ta gargajiya da aka samo a Awka-Etiti]] Al'adun Awka-Etiti sun dace da [[Al'adun Igbo|Omenala]] kuma suna da [[Al'adun Igbo]], suna da alaƙa da Fasahar Igbo da kiɗa na Igbo. Duk da yake ayyukan al'adu da bukukuwan da yawa na dā, saboda an haɗa su da alloli da al'adun arna na dā, sun daina yin su tun zuwan Kiristanci (kamar bukukuwan ''Ilo Muo'' da ''Igba Ota''), akwai cibiyoyin gargajiya da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba har zuwa yau. === Bukukuwan === [[Fayil:Eze_Onyiudo_(2).jpg|thumb|Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:Odogwu_3.jpg|thumb|Masquerade na Odogwu Awka-Etiti]] Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā an kirista su kuma an haɗa su da bukukuwan kirista da ke akwai. ''Afia Nkwu'' da (kwana takwas bayan haka) bukukuwan ''Kamanu'' a ƙarshen Disamba da farkon Janairu misali, wanda ya nuna ƙarshen tsohuwar Kalandar Igbo an maye gurbin su da bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara na yau. Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā da aka yi bikin a garin an daidaita su don dacewa da bukatun yanzu da mahallin kamar ''Iwa Ji'' (New Yam festival) a watan Agusta. ''Afia Olu'' da ''Ofala'' wasu bukukuwan gargajiya ne har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Awka-Etiti. ==== Bikin ''Odunke'' ==== <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Shahararren bikin Odunke wanda ya zama wahayi da mai ba da suna ga ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Biafra, gami da [[Chinua Achebe]] da Christopher Okigbo (Al'ummar Masu zane-zane na Odunke), ya cancanci ambaton na musamman kamar yadda yake da alama na musamman ga Awka-Etiti. Yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan da ba su da tushen addini. Ya kasance carnival tare da babban bikin, biki, da kuma nuna dukiya, wadata da matsayi na zamantakewa wanda ya haɗa dukkan zane-zane na al'umma a cikin dangantaka mai jituwa. An yi Odunke na karshe a shekarar 1955.<ref>G. O. Akajiobi. Traditional life, cultural beliefs, customs and practices of the people of Awka-Etiti: past and present. Cecta Books (2006) p.94 {{ISBN|978810746X}}, 9789788107460</ref> [[Fayil:Igbo_ichi_marks.jpg|thumb|Halin gargajiya na Igbo Ichi Scarification]] Kamar yadda ya saba da Igboland, cibiyar masu riƙe da taken gargajiya, Nze na ''Ozo'' ta samo asali ne a Awka-Etiti. Akwai maki biyu na taken gargajiya a Awka-Etiti. Matsayi na farko shine taken Ozo wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin lakabi masu zuwa; ''Ezissi, Okpala, Isiokolo, Ikiwi'' da ''Ozala''. Daga cikin wadannan Ezissi shine mafi girma, tare da alhakin kwantar da hankalin alloli da alloli daban-daban a tarihi da suka faru a kan babban mai riƙe da taken Ezissi a cikin Al'umma. Matsayi na biyu na taken shugabanci shine ''Nnukwu-Ozo'' (High-Ozo). Takardun Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sun fada cikin waɗannan rukunoni: ''Ezeani, Dunu, Dim, Dallah'' da ''Umeh'' kuma a al'adance ana iya ba da su ne kawai ga 'yan takarar da aka fara su a baya a cikin aji na farko na taken Ozo kuma waɗanda aka ga sun tabbatar da asalin su a yaƙi ko ta hanyar wasu manyan ƙoƙarin. Farawa cikin waɗannan lakabi na Nnukwu-Ozo ya kasance kuma har yanzu yana da tsada sosai. A tarihi, bikin farawa a cikin asirin Nnukwu-Ozo ya haɗa da mummunan zafi da kuma girman [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] scarification, wanda aka gano waɗannan maza a fili. An dakatar da scarification na [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada a zamanin yau saboda dalilai masu kyau. Mai ɗaukar alamun Ichi na ƙarshe, Cif Ezenwosu ya mutu a farkon karni na ashirin. [[Fayil:Python_natalensis_Smith_1840.jpg|right|thumb|Macijin Eke]] Sauran nau'ikan riguna na musamman waɗanda ke nuna mai riƙe da taken Ozo da mai riƙe da sunan Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sune jan murfin (tare da gashin gaggafa don Nnukwu-Uzo), gashin gashin doki, gashin gashi na kaza da gashin giwa. === Taboos === Kashewa ko cin maciji na ''Eke'' (''Python regius''), da Dog (''Canis lupus familiaris''), anathema ne a Awka-Etiti, an dauke su dabbobi masu tsarki da ke da alaƙa da alloli na gida. == Ilimi == Awka-Etiti tana da makarantun firamare da yawa a cikin ƙauyuka bakwai, gami da makarantar firamare ta Nkolofia, makarantar firamaren Father Pauls Memorial, makarantar firama ta Union, makarantar firaminare ta Umunocha, makarantar tsakiya, Glory Group of Schools wanda ya ƙunshi Cibiyar Ilimi ta Glory (nursery da firamare) da aka kafa a 1989 da Glory Royal Academy (na biyu) da aka gina a 1998. An kafa makarantar sakandare ta St. Josephs a cikin 1962 ta al'ummar Katolika kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da asibitin koyarwa a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta mata a 1964 ta wurin Obi na Awka-Etiti HRH IGWE Dr. S.O.C. Ezenwa. Cif Gerald A. Chukelu (Dunu Nze Afulukwe) ya kasance majagaba kuma ɗan asalin Awka Etiti na farko da ya wuce takardar shaidar Senior Cambridge (London) a 1938 kuma yana cikin aji na farko na kammala karatun Kwalejin C.K.C. Onitsha . Wadanda suka kammala karatun jami'a na farko daga Awka-Etiti sune Mr. E.R. Dallah (1955), Dr.A. A. Okoye (1956) da Cif O. F. Obi (1957). Likitoci na farko daga Awka-Etiti sun kammala karatu game da 1965 a cikin mutanen Cif Dr. Francis. E. Ezissi (Ife Awka-Etiti) likitan tiyata ne na Jamus, Dokta Samuel Ezenwa likitan tiyatu ne na Amurka kuma Dokta George Udenkwo likitan mata da aka horar a Ireland. == Lafiya == [[Fayil:Ambulance_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ambulance a Awka-Etiti]] A shekara ta 1958 gwamnatin gabashin Najeriya ta mayar da gidan haihuwa zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ita ce kawai cibiyar kiwon lafiya har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980 lokacin da likitocin asali na farko suka buɗe jerin asibitoci masu zaman kansu ciki har da; St. Francis Specialist Hospital da Mortuary, Kanayo Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Idemili Specialist Hospital, da kuma Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital. == Tattalin Arziki == Awka-Etiti na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke motsawa a bayan ci gaban masana'antu a ƙasar Igbo. Maza da mata masu kasuwanci daga garin sun sami nasarar ƙwarewa wajen shigo da kekuna da sassan keke a farkon shekarun 1940. Bayan yakin basasar Najeriya 'yan kasuwa Awka-Etiti sun kafa wasu sanannun masana'antu musamman GMO Group of Companies da Roadmaster Industries Ltd. <ref name="Tom G. Forrest 1995 p.151" /> Kwanan nan masana'antu da aka kafa sune layin kayan kwalliya na IKB da kuma Kamfanin Ginin Interbau Ltd. Dubban damar aiki a Najeriya da kuma bayan haka an samar da su kai tsaye da kai tsaye ta waɗannan da sauran masana'antu da kamfanonin kasuwanci da suka samo asali a Awka-Etiti. == Infrastructure == Yawancin hanyoyi a Awka-Etiti suna da tarred. [[Fayil:Privately_tarred_road_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Hanyar da aka yi da lakabi a Awka-Etiti]] Wannan ya yiwu ne kawai saboda godiya ga ayyukan agaji da na al'umma. A wannan bangaren, Awka-Etiti tana wakiltar halin da ake ciki a garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da Igboland, inda aka ji kadan ko babu ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da gwamnati ta haifar.<ref>Kate Meagher: Identity Economics: Social Networks & the Informal Economy in Africa, Boydell & Brewer 2010 p.45 {{ISBN|1847010164}}, 9781847010162</ref> Duk da wannan, Ƙungiyar Matasan Iruowelle da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Umunocha sun kasance mafi shahara wajen taring hanyoyi a ƙauyukansu. Bayan haka, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa sun lalace ta hanyar kokarin da aka yi na 'yan ƙasa masu ba da agaji. == Mutane == * Godwin Ekejekwu Chikeluba, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji * Adaeze Yobo née Igwe; Tsohon Yarinya mafi kyau a Najeriya * [[Chief Godwin Adimike|Cif Godwin Adimike]], ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji == Bayani == <references /> == Manazarta == * Akajiobi, G.O. Awka-Etiti Chieftaincy Dispute da kuma rikicin da ya shafi 1957-1999. Littattafan Afirka (2005) {{ISBN|9782915394}} * Dallah, E.R. da Nzewi, E.C. Takaitaccen Tarihin Al'ummar ƙauyen Iruowelle, Littattafai Masu Kyau Enugu. (1996) {{ISBN|978203987X}} * Tom G. Forrest. Ci gaban Babban Birnin Afirka: Ci gaban Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Najeriya. Littattafan Spectrum (1995) {{ISBN|9782462543}} * The Nation, jaridar yanar gizo, labarin "New Yam Festival tare da bambanci a cikin ''Al'ummar'' Anambra" na Adimike George, wanda aka buga 8 ga Agusta 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=58387 == Mahaɗan waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQywPFGQDOQ Ife Awka_Etiti: Tafiyar Ƙarshe (bidiyo na YouTube)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyfj_ZQZYc8 Bikin Ofala na karshe na Mai Girma Eze-Igwe S.O. Ezenwa, Obi na Awka-Etiti (bidiyo na YouTube)] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Gari a Jihar Anambra]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ot19j14yb4ph9ts656o6dainq20i4e3 840397 840396 2026-05-27T06:14:28Z AKA024 30597 840397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Awka-Etiti''' (lafazi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti<nowiki>''</nowiki>), wanda a tarihi aka fi sani da <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Diedo<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Igbo: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ọka Diedo<nowiki>''</nowiki>), sannan daga baya marubutan mulkin mallaka suka kira shi <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki> (Okankaku), gari ne mai ci gaba da yalwar tattalin arziki wanda ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka bakwai a Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Idemili ta Kudu]] a [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ƙauyukan bakwai na Awka-Etiti bisa tsarin shekarun kafuwarsu su ne: Nkolofia, Umunocha, Ejighinandu, Iruowelle, Umudunu, Nnaba da Ogunzele. Al’ummar asalin Awka-Etiti na daga cikin ƙabilar [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]], kuma garin yana cikin [[Kasar Inyamurai|yankin al’adun Igbo]], kilomita 24 daga [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] a arewa maso gabashin [[Onitsha]], kilomita 16 daga Nri, da kilomita 2 daga [[Igbo-Ukwu]]. Awka-Etiti yana iyaka da Ichida, Azigbo, Nnokwa, Nnewi, Nnobi da Amichi. Babban harshen da ake magana da shi a garin shi ne karin [[harshen Igbo]] na Idemili. A shekarar 2005, an kiyasta yawan mutanen Awka-Etiti da kusan mutane 35,000. Haka kuma akwai dimbin 'yan asalin garin da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje, waɗanda gudummawarsu ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin garin. == Tarihi == === Tarihin kafin mulkin mallaka === Tarihin Awka-Etiti kafin shekarar 1900 bai samu rubuce-rubuce ba, sai dai ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniyoyi da al’adun baka. Bisa binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a Igbo-Ukwu, wanda yake kilomita biyu kacal daga Awka-Etiti, an tabbatar cewa yankin ya kasance mazaunin al’ummar Igbo tun kafin ƙarni na tara Miladiyya. Yankin ya kasance cibiyar masana’antar sarrafa ƙarafa mai bunƙasa, tare da tsohuwar hulɗar kasuwanci, zamantakewa da al’adu tsakanin yankin da [[tsohuwar Masar]]. Wannan ya bayyana ne ta hanyar gano tarin lu’ulu’u da ƙwayoyin ado na cornelian a wuraren binciken, wasu daga cikinsu an ƙera su ne a tsohuwar Alkahira a masana’antun [[Fustat]]. A tarihin baka na yankin akwai ruwayoyi daban-daban game da asalin Awka-Etiti, waɗanda ke danganta garin da zuriyar gama-gari tare da wasu tsoffin garuruwa na yankin. Garuruwan Uke, Ojoto, Nnobi da Nnewi ana danganta su da asalin zuriya ɗaya da Awka-Etiti. Dukkanin ruwayoyin baka suna danganta kafuwar Awka-Etiti ga wani mutum mai suna Diedo. A wasu ruwayoyin, an ce shi ɗan Ezenne ne. Ezenne kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗan’uwan Uke da Ojoto. Ezenne yana da ’ya’ya biyu maza da mace guda. Sunayen ’ya’yan mazan su ne Okwuike da Diedo, yayin da sunan ’yar shi ne Edo. Edo ta auri Ezemewi wanda ake danganta kafuwar Nnewi gare shi. Okwuike kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin mahaifin Nnobi. Diedo ya haifi ɗa guda ɗaya mai suna Okagbado. Bayan mutuwar Ezenne, rikici ya ɓarke tsakanin Okwuike da Diedo kan rabon dukiyar mahaifinsu, lamarin da ya sa Diedo da ɗansa Okagbado suka bar gidansu na kakanni da ke bakin Kogin Obiaja suka koma wani wuri mai suna Ogwuwgu Diedo a yankin Iruowelle na yanzu a Awka-Etiti. Okagbado ya auri mata uku waɗanda suka haifa masa ’ya’ya maza tara. Matar farko ta haifi Ezioka da Umoh. Ta biyu ta haifi Nkolofia, Ejighnandu, Iruowelle da Ogunzele, yayin da ta uku ta haifi Ocha, Dunuezue da Nnaba. Waɗannan su ne ƙauyuka tara na asalin Awka-Etiti. Daga baya, Umoh da Ezioka sun shiga mummunan yaƙin cikin gida wanda ya kusa shafe su baki ɗaya. Duk bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da mayaƙan haya daga [[Ohafia]] da [[Abam]]. Ragowar mutanen Ezioka daga baya suka haɗe da ƙauyen Nkolofia, yayin da na Umoh suka haɗe da Ejighinandu, abin da ya rage Awka-Etiti da ƙauyuka bakwai har zuwa yau. Tsakanin kimanin shekarar 1760 zuwa 1900, tarihin Awka-Diedo ya kasance cike da yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani da garuruwan maƙwabta saboda manufofin faɗaɗa iko. Musamman, Nnewi ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe masu yawa da Awka-Diedo kan rikicin iyakoki. Haka kuma Nnokwa, Amichi, Azigbo da Ichida sun taɓa yin yaƙi da Awka-Diedo a lokuta daban-daban. Jarumta da dabarun mayaƙan Awka-Etiti, ciki har da tono ramuka a bayan layin maƙiya da kafa tarkuna, sun sa maƙiyansu suka girmama su tare da ba su laƙabin <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Nkakwu<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, inda <nowiki>''</nowiki>nkakwu<nowiki>''</nowiki> a harshen Igbo ke nufin dabbar skunk. Wannan laƙabi daga baya ya zama suna da maƙwabta ke kiran garin. Kamar yadda E. R. Dallah da E. C. Nzewi suka bayyana: {{Blockquote|A wannan lokaci ne Oka-Diedo ta samu laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu''' saboda dimbin dabarun yaƙi da mutanenta ke amfani da su wajen fatattakar maƙiya. A wasu lokuta suna haƙa manyan ramuka masu zurfi a muhimman wurare, sannan su kafa kaifafan sandunan gora a cikinsu. Daga baya sukan rufe ramukan da ciyawa domin ɓoye su yadda ba za a gane akwai su ba. Sau da yawa ana jan mayaƙan maƙiya zuwa cikin waɗannan ramuka na tarko, inda sandunan gorar ke huda jikinsu har hanjinsu na fito wa waje. A wasu lokutan kuma, mayaƙan Oka-Diedo kan haƙa hanyoyi ko ramuka a bayan sansanonin maƙiya, su kai musu farmaki daga baya cikin bazata tare da tarwatsa su gaba ɗaya. Irin waɗannan jarumtaka da dabarun yaƙi masu tayar da hankali sun sanya mayaƙan Nnewi suka ba su laƙabin '''Oka-Nkakwu'''. Wannan laƙabi bai kasance abin zagi ga kakanninmu ba, domin suna alfahari da irin wannan yabo da suke samu daga bakin maƙiyansu. Cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, laƙabin da aka ƙirƙira domin raina Oka-Diedo ya zama sabon sunansu, kuma ya riƙa sanya tsoro da firgici a zukatan maƙiyansu.<ref>Dallah, E. R. and Nzewi, E. C. (1996) shf. 6–7</ref>}} An ce duk da Nnewi ta kashe kuɗaɗe masu yawa wajen ɗauko mayaƙan haya daga Abam da Ohafia domin hallaka Awka-Nkakwu, ba su samu nasarar cin yaƙin gaba ɗaya ba. Wannan ya samu ne saboda ƙawancen soja mai ƙarfi tsakanin Awka-Etiti da mayaƙan [[Oraukwu, Anambra|Oraukwu]], waɗanda ke taimaka wa juna a lokutan yaƙi. === Zamanin mulkin mallaka === [[Fayil:Ochiagha_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Siffar jarumi Awka-Etiti]] Wannan yanayi ya ci gaba har zuwa zuwan rundunonin hukunta tawaye na Birtaniya tsakanin shekarun 1883 da 1906. A wannan lokaci, Turawan mulkin mallaka sun ɗauki Awka-Etiti a matsayin cikas ga yaɗuwar tasirinsu zuwa yankunan ciki. Garin ya ƙi mika makamansa ga Turawa, kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin gari mai adawa da manufofin mulkin mallaka. An yi la'akari da Awka-Etiti mai tsayayya da manufofin Burtaniya kuma ya ki bin bukatar mika bindigogin su. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa Awka-Etiti ta kasance mai ƙiyayya ta hanyar kafa ta gaskiyar cewa yayin da aka gina cocin Ikilisiya na farko (CMS) a Nnewi a cikin 1892, ba har zuwa 1904 ba ne aka karɓi fari na farko a cikin nau'in mishan CMS Mrs. Mary Bennett cikin salama a ƙasar Awka- Etiti. Lalle ne, har zuwa 5 ga Fabrairu 1905 ne wakilin hukuma na farko na gwamnatin Mai Girma a cikin mutumin Lt. Col. (daga baya Mataimakin Gwamna na kudancin Najeriya) H. C. Moorhouse ya karbe shi cikin lumana daga Warrant Chief Ezenwosu a Awka-Etiti. A wannan yanki sabili da haka, ya ɗauki shekaru 12 na Burtaniya don fadada tasirin su a kan nisan da bai wuce kilomita 2 ba. Ta haka ne aka ji Awka-Etiti a matsayin ƙaya a cikin nama ta gwamnatin mulkin mallaka.&nbsp; Kafin wannan, a cikin 1900 Awka-Etiti ya sadu da wasan su a cikin rundunar balaguro ta Burtaniya. A wannan shekarar Birtaniya ta shirya taron zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka-Etiti da [[Nnewi]], don warware rikice-rikicen kan iyaka. Mai fassara a wannan muhimmiyar taron, Mista Nwokedi, ɗan asalin Nnewi ne. Wannan ya haifar da halin da ake ciki inda Awka-Etiti ya yi imani da cewa an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, yayin da aka gaya wa masu sulhu na Burtaniya da ke taron cewa Awka- Etiti ya ki amincewa da zaman lafiya. Wakilan Awka-Etiti marasa sani sun koma gida don yada labarai masu kyau cewa fararen ya kawo zaman lafiya tsakanin Awka- Etiti da Nnewi. Sakamakon haka, an dakatar da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti kuma an dakatar da su. Babban abin takaici ne saboda haka lokacin da Birtaniya Southern Nigeria Regiment, karkashin jagorancin Nnewi scouts, suka kaddamar da babban hari na mamaki kafin asuba a kan Awka-Etiti. Wani hari da aka shirya da sauri da mayaƙan Awka-Etiti suka yi a kan manyan makamai da aka tono a cikin Sojojin Burtaniya ya ƙare cikin fiasco. Wanda ya jagoranci hare-haren da aka kai wa matsayin Birtaniya shi ne ''Ochiagha'' (kwamanda na yaki). Wannan mutumin, ƙwararren janar kuma tsohon soja na yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa abokai da abokan gaba sun yi la'akari da shi gaba ɗaya don tabbatar da harsashi da kibiya, sunan da ya yi amfani da shi da kyau a lokuta da yawa da suka gabata. An danganta tabbacin harsashi da shi ga sihiri mai ƙarfi ([[juju]]) wanda ya samu daga dangin mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda likitoci ne masu ƙarfi a Ichida. Saboda haka ya kasance mafi ƙwarewa da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba lokacin da sojojin Burtaniya suka bude wuta a kan mayaƙan Awka-Etiti a nesa da Manyan bindigogi da manyan bindiga. Wani harsashi ya ragargaza hannun Ochiagha a wuyan hannu tare da jini yana fitowa, wanda ya tilasta masa ya sauke makaminsa. Da ganin wannan, mutanen Awka-Etiti sun yi sanyin gwiwa kuma sun rasa fatan nasara. Sojojin sun rushe, Ochiagha da mayaƙansa masu ƙarfin zuciya sun rasa rayukansu ga Birtaniya a cikin wani harin kashe kansa na ƙarshe a matsayin abokan gaba. Shugabannin da suka tsira da fitattun mayaƙa sun gudu zuwa gudun hijira zuwa dangantakarsu a [[Igbo-Ukwu]] da kuma nesa kamar Neni. Sauran Awka-Etiti an tilasta su ba da bindigoginsu ga Birtaniya a filin kasuwar Eke inda aka hallaka su. Wannan lamarin ya kawo karshen zamanin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Awka-Etiti da maƙwabtanta. === '''Zamanin Kiristanci''' === [[Fayil:St_Mary`s_Anglican_church_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Anglican na St. Mary's Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:St_Joseph_Awka-Etiti.jpg|thumb|Cocin Katolika na St. Joseph Awka-Etiti]] A shekarar 1904 ne mishanoni na farko ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mrs. Mary Bennett suka iso Awka-Etiti. Cocin farko na C.M.S. an gina shi ne a ƙauyen Iruowelle. A shekarar 1913 kuma aka kafa mishan ɗin Roman Katolika, wanda ya gina coci da makaranta. Waɗannan majami’u biyu sun taimaka wajen juyar da yawancin mutanen Awka-Etiti zuwa addinin Kiristanci. A shekarar 1944 aka kafa ƙungiyar <nowiki>'''</nowiki>Awka-Etiti Improvement Union (AIU)<nowiki>'''</nowiki>, wacce ta karɓi jagorancin gudanar da harkokin gari daga tsohuwar majalisar dattawa ta gargajiya. An gudanar da zaben Igwe a ranar 29 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1957 tare da HRH IGWE Dr. Silas O. C. Ezenwa ya fito a matsayin Obi na farko na Awka-Etiti. Obi na biyu shi ne HRH Cif Joachin Ojukwu (Akum 1 na Awka-Etiti). Obi na yanzu shine HRH Igwe Micheal Chidozie Ezeudenma (Okagbado). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra State Government {{!}} Awka Etiti Gets New Traditional Ruler |url=http://anambrastate.gov.ng/awka-etiti-gets-new-traditional-ruler/ |access-date=17 November 2016 |website=anambrastate.gov.ng}}</ref> == Al'adu == [[Fayil:Carved_Door.JPG|thumb|Fasahar Igbo: ƙofar katako ta gargajiya da aka samo a Awka-Etiti]] Al'adun Awka-Etiti sun dace da [[Al'adun Igbo|Omenala]] kuma suna da [[Al'adun Igbo]], suna da alaƙa da Fasahar Igbo da kiɗa na Igbo. Duk da yake ayyukan al'adu da bukukuwan da yawa na dā, saboda an haɗa su da alloli da al'adun arna na dā, sun daina yin su tun zuwan Kiristanci (kamar bukukuwan ''Ilo Muo'' da ''Igba Ota''), akwai cibiyoyin gargajiya da yawa waɗanda suka ci gaba har zuwa yau. === Bukukuwan === [[Fayil:Eze_Onyiudo_(2).jpg|thumb|Eze Onyiudo Masquerade Awka-Etiti]] [[Fayil:Odogwu_3.jpg|thumb|Masquerade na Odogwu Awka-Etiti]] Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā an kirista su kuma an haɗa su da bukukuwan kirista da ke akwai. ''Afia Nkwu'' da (kwana takwas bayan haka) bukukuwan ''Kamanu'' a ƙarshen Disamba da farkon Janairu misali, wanda ya nuna ƙarshen tsohuwar Kalandar Igbo an maye gurbin su da bukukuwan Kirsimeti da Sabuwar Shekara na yau. Wasu bukukuwan gargajiya na dā da aka yi bikin a garin an daidaita su don dacewa da bukatun yanzu da mahallin kamar ''Iwa Ji'' (New Yam festival) a watan Agusta. ''Afia Olu'' da ''Ofala'' wasu bukukuwan gargajiya ne har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Awka-Etiti. ==== Bikin ''Odunke'' ==== <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Shahararren bikin Odunke wanda ya zama wahayi da mai ba da suna ga ƙungiyar masu fasaha na Biafra, gami da [[Chinua Achebe]] da Christopher Okigbo (Al'ummar Masu zane-zane na Odunke), ya cancanci ambaton na musamman kamar yadda yake da alama na musamman ga Awka-Etiti. Yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan da ba su da tushen addini. Ya kasance carnival tare da babban bikin, biki, da kuma nuna dukiya, wadata da matsayi na zamantakewa wanda ya haɗa dukkan zane-zane na al'umma a cikin dangantaka mai jituwa. An yi Odunke na karshe a shekarar 1955.<ref>G. O. Akajiobi. Traditional life, cultural beliefs, customs and practices of the people of Awka-Etiti: past and present. Cecta Books (2006) p.94 {{ISBN|978810746X}}, 9789788107460</ref> [[Fayil:Igbo_ichi_marks.jpg|thumb|Halin gargajiya na Igbo Ichi Scarification]] Kamar yadda ya saba da Igboland, cibiyar masu riƙe da taken gargajiya, Nze na ''Ozo'' ta samo asali ne a Awka-Etiti. Akwai maki biyu na taken gargajiya a Awka-Etiti. Matsayi na farko shine taken Ozo wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin lakabi masu zuwa; ''Ezissi, Okpala, Isiokolo, Ikiwi'' da ''Ozala''. Daga cikin wadannan Ezissi shine mafi girma, tare da alhakin kwantar da hankalin alloli da alloli daban-daban a tarihi da suka faru a kan babban mai riƙe da taken Ezissi a cikin Al'umma. Matsayi na biyu na taken shugabanci shine ''Nnukwu-Ozo'' (High-Ozo). Takardun Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sun fada cikin waɗannan rukunoni: ''Ezeani, Dunu, Dim, Dallah'' da ''Umeh'' kuma a al'adance ana iya ba da su ne kawai ga 'yan takarar da aka fara su a baya a cikin aji na farko na taken Ozo kuma waɗanda aka ga sun tabbatar da asalin su a yaƙi ko ta hanyar wasu manyan ƙoƙarin. Farawa cikin waɗannan lakabi na Nnukwu-Ozo ya kasance kuma har yanzu yana da tsada sosai. A tarihi, bikin farawa a cikin asirin Nnukwu-Ozo ya haɗa da mummunan zafi da kuma girman [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] scarification, wanda aka gano waɗannan maza a fili. An dakatar da scarification na [[Ichi (scarification)|Ichi]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada a zamanin yau saboda dalilai masu kyau. Mai ɗaukar alamun Ichi na ƙarshe, Cif Ezenwosu ya mutu a farkon karni na ashirin. [[Fayil:Python_natalensis_Smith_1840.jpg|right|thumb|Macijin Eke]] Sauran nau'ikan riguna na musamman waɗanda ke nuna mai riƙe da taken Ozo da mai riƙe da sunan Nnukwu-Ozo a Awka-Etiti sune jan murfin (tare da gashin gaggafa don Nnukwu-Uzo), gashin gashin doki, gashin gashi na kaza da gashin giwa. === Taboos === Kashewa ko cin maciji na ''Eke'' (''Python regius''), da Dog (''Canis lupus familiaris''), anathema ne a Awka-Etiti, an dauke su dabbobi masu tsarki da ke da alaƙa da alloli na gida. == Ilimi == Awka-Etiti tana da makarantun firamare da yawa a cikin ƙauyuka bakwai, gami da makarantar firamare ta Nkolofia, makarantar firamaren Father Pauls Memorial, makarantar firama ta Union, makarantar firaminare ta Umunocha, makarantar tsakiya, Glory Group of Schools wanda ya ƙunshi Cibiyar Ilimi ta Glory (nursery da firamare) da aka kafa a 1989 da Glory Royal Academy (na biyu) da aka gina a 1998. An kafa makarantar sakandare ta St. Josephs a cikin 1962 ta al'ummar Katolika kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin sansanin 'yan gudun hijira da asibitin koyarwa a lokacin [[Yaƙin basasan Najeriya|Yaƙin basasar Najeriya]] . An kafa makarantar sakandare ta mata a 1964 ta wurin Obi na Awka-Etiti HRH IGWE Dr. S.O.C. Ezenwa. Cif Gerald A. Chukelu (Dunu Nze Afulukwe) ya kasance majagaba kuma ɗan asalin Awka Etiti na farko da ya wuce takardar shaidar Senior Cambridge (London) a 1938 kuma yana cikin aji na farko na kammala karatun Kwalejin C.K.C. Onitsha . Wadanda suka kammala karatun jami'a na farko daga Awka-Etiti sune Mr. E.R. Dallah (1955), Dr.A. A. Okoye (1956) da Cif O. F. Obi (1957). Likitoci na farko daga Awka-Etiti sun kammala karatu game da 1965 a cikin mutanen Cif Dr. Francis. E. Ezissi (Ife Awka-Etiti) likitan tiyata ne na Jamus, Dokta Samuel Ezenwa likitan tiyatu ne na Amurka kuma Dokta George Udenkwo likitan mata da aka horar a Ireland. == Lafiya == [[Fayil:Ambulance_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ambulance a Awka-Etiti]] A shekara ta 1958 gwamnatin gabashin Najeriya ta mayar da gidan haihuwa zuwa cibiyar kiwon lafiya. Wannan ita ce kawai cibiyar kiwon lafiya har zuwa farkon shekarun 1980 lokacin da likitocin asali na farko suka buɗe jerin asibitoci masu zaman kansu ciki har da; St. Francis Specialist Hospital da Mortuary, Kanayo Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Idemili Specialist Hospital, da kuma Our Lady of Fatima Catholic Hospital. == Tattalin Arziki == Awka-Etiti na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke motsawa a bayan ci gaban masana'antu a ƙasar Igbo. Maza da mata masu kasuwanci daga garin sun sami nasarar ƙwarewa wajen shigo da kekuna da sassan keke a farkon shekarun 1940. Bayan yakin basasar Najeriya 'yan kasuwa Awka-Etiti sun kafa wasu sanannun masana'antu musamman GMO Group of Companies da Roadmaster Industries Ltd. <ref name="Tom G. Forrest 1995 p.151" /> Kwanan nan masana'antu da aka kafa sune layin kayan kwalliya na IKB da kuma Kamfanin Ginin Interbau Ltd. Dubban damar aiki a Najeriya da kuma bayan haka an samar da su kai tsaye da kai tsaye ta waɗannan da sauran masana'antu da kamfanonin kasuwanci da suka samo asali a Awka-Etiti. == Infrastructure == Yawancin hanyoyi a Awka-Etiti suna da tarred. [[Fayil:Privately_tarred_road_in_Awka-Etiti,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Hanyar da aka yi da lakabi a Awka-Etiti]] Wannan ya yiwu ne kawai saboda godiya ga ayyukan agaji da na al'umma. A wannan bangaren, Awka-Etiti tana wakiltar halin da ake ciki a garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da Igboland, inda aka ji kadan ko babu ci gaban ababen more rayuwa da gwamnati ta haifar.<ref>Kate Meagher: Identity Economics: Social Networks & the Informal Economy in Africa, Boydell & Brewer 2010 p.45 {{ISBN|1847010164}}, 9781847010162</ref> Duk da wannan, Ƙungiyar Matasan Iruowelle da Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Umunocha sun kasance mafi shahara wajen taring hanyoyi a ƙauyukansu. Bayan haka, hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da yawa sun lalace ta hanyar kokarin da aka yi na 'yan ƙasa masu ba da agaji. == Mutane == * Godwin Ekejekwu Chikeluba, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji * Adaeze Yobo née Igwe; Tsohon Yarinya mafi kyau a Najeriya * [[Chief Godwin Adimike|Cif Godwin Adimike]], ɗan kasuwa kuma mai ba da agaji == Bayani == <references /> == Manazarta == * Akajiobi, G.O. Awka-Etiti Chieftaincy Dispute da kuma rikicin da ya shafi 1957-1999. Littattafan Afirka (2005) {{ISBN|9782915394}} * Dallah, E.R. da Nzewi, E.C. Takaitaccen Tarihin Al'ummar ƙauyen Iruowelle, Littattafai Masu Kyau Enugu. (1996) {{ISBN|978203987X}} * Tom G. Forrest. Ci gaban Babban Birnin Afirka: Ci gaban Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Najeriya. Littattafan Spectrum (1995) {{ISBN|9782462543}} * The Nation, jaridar yanar gizo, labarin "New Yam Festival tare da bambanci a cikin ''Al'ummar'' Anambra" na Adimike George, wanda aka buga 8 ga Agusta 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=58387 == Mahaɗan waje == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQywPFGQDOQ Ife Awka_Etiti: Tafiyar Ƙarshe (bidiyo na YouTube)] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyfj_ZQZYc8 Bikin Ofala na karshe na Mai Girma Eze-Igwe S.O. Ezenwa, Obi na Awka-Etiti (bidiyo na YouTube)] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Gari a Jihar Anambra]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ntr0kzrp1xu9504rzqx2gyp660p05lb 0 152310 840398 2026-05-27T06:26:27Z AKA024 30597 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355128015|Fustat]]" 840398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->|name=Fustat|native_name=الفسطاط|settlement_type=Capital of Egypt, 641–750, 905–1168|image_skyline=Fostat-329.jpg|imagesize=250px|image_caption=A drawing of Fustat, from Rappoport's ''History of Egypt''|nickname=City of the Tents|pushpin_map=Egypt|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Historical location in Egypt|pushpin_relief=1|coordinates={{Coord|30|00|18|N|31|14|15|E|region:EG-C_type:city|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type=Currently part of|subdivision_name=[[Old Cairo]]|subdivision_type1=[[Rashidun Caliphate]]|subdivision_type2=[[Umayyad Caliphate]]|subdivision_type3=[[Abbasid Caliphate]]|subdivision_type4=[[Fatimid Caliphate]]|subdivision_name1=641–661|subdivision_name2=661–750|subdivision_name3=750–969|subdivision_name4=969–1168|established_title=Founded|established_date=641|leader_title1=|leader_name1=|unit_pref=Imperial|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=|population_total=200,000|population_as_of=12th century|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_note=|founder=[[Amr ibn al-As|'Amr ibn al-'As]]}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Fustat</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Tsuntsu</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Babban birnin Masar, 641-750, 905-1168</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Fostat-329.jpg|333x333px|A drawing of Fustat, from Rappoport's ''History of Egypt'']]<div class="ib-settlement-caption">Hoton Fustat, daga ''Tarihin Masar'' na Rappoport</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Sunan laƙabi: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Birnin Tents</div>  |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Fayil:Egypt_relief_location_map.jpg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Fustat is located in Egypt]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:19.398%;left:53.721%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Fayil:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Fustat]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Fustat</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayin tarihi a Misira</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hanyar sadarwa: 30°00′18′′N 31°14′15′′E / 30.00500°N 31.23750°E / 30.00.500; 31.23750) <indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fustat&params=30_00_18_N_31_14_15_E_region:EG-C_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°00′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°14′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.00500°N 31.23750°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">30.00500; 31.23750</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A halin yanzu wani bangare ne na | class="infobox-data" |[[Tsohuwar Alkahira|Tsohon Alkahira]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Khulafa'hur-Rashidun|Rashidun Khalifa]] | class="infobox-data" |641–661 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Khalifancin Umayyawa|Halittar Umayyad]] | class="infobox-data" |661–750 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Daular Abbasiyyah|Halifa ta Abbasid]] | class="infobox-data" |750–969 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Halifancin Fatimid|Halifa ta Fatimid]] | class="infobox-data" |969–1168 |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |641 |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi da | class="infobox-data" |'Amr ibn al-'As |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a <div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (karni na 12) <span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |200,000 |} '''Fusṭāṭ''' (Larabci: اَلۡفُسۡطَاط) ita ce babban [[Masar|birnin Masar]] na farko ƙarƙashin mulkin Musulmi, duk da cewa daga baya ta haɗe da birnin [[Alkahira|Alƙahira]]. Janar ɗin Musulmi na Daular Rashidun, wato [[ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ]] ne ya gina ta a shekarar 641 Miladiyya bayan cin nasarar Musulmai a Masar. An kafa birnin ne kusa da yankin da ake kira 'Tsohuwar Alƙahira' a yau, kuma a cikinsa ne aka gina 'Masallacin ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ', wanda shi ne masallaci na farko da aka gina a ƙasar Masar. Birnin ta kai kololuwar bunƙasarta a ƙarni na goma sha biyu, inda yawan mutanenta ya kai kusan 200,000. Birnin ya kasance cibiyar mulki da gudanarwa a Masar har zuwa shekarar 1168, lokacin da wazirin ƙasar mai suna Shawar ya bayar da umarnin a ƙona shi domin hana mayaƙan Salibiyya masu mamaya kwace dukiyoyinsa. Daga baya, ragowar birnin sun haɗe da Alƙahira, wadda aka gina a arewacin Fusṭāṭ a shekarar 969 lokacin da Daular Fatimiyya ta mamaye yankin kuma ta kafa sabon birni a matsayin mazaunin halifa da fadarsa. Bayan haka yankin ya shiga lalacewa na tsawon ƙarni da dama, har ma aka riƙa amfani da shi a matsayin wurin zubar da shara. A yau, Fusṭāṭ wani yanki ne da ke cikin gundumar [[Tsohuwar Alkahira|Tsohuwar Alƙahira]] ta zamani, kuma kaɗan daga cikin gine-ginen zamanin da suka rage daga lokacin da take babban birni. Sai dai binciken kayan tarihi da aka gudanar a yankin sun gano dimbin abubuwan tarihi da aka binne a ƙasa. Yawancin kayayyakin da aka tono daga wurin ana nuna su a Museum of Islamic Art da ke birnin Cairo. A yau, Fustat wani yanki ne wanda ke cikin gundumar zamani ta [[Tsohuwar Alkahira|Tsohon Alkahira]], tare da wasu gine-gine da suka rage daga kwanakinsa a matsayin babban birni. Yawancin binciken archaeological sun bayyana wadatar kayan da aka binne a yankin. Abubuwa da yawa na dā da aka dawo da su daga shafin suna nunawa a Gidan Tarihin Musulunci na Alkahira. == Babban birnin Masar == Fustat ita ce babban birnin Masar na kimanin shekaru 500. Bayan da aka kafa birnin a cikin 641, ikonsa ba a katse shi ba har zuwa 750, lokacin da daular [[Daular Abbasiyyah|Abbasid]] ta yi tawaye da [[Khalifancin Umayyawa|Umayyawa]]. Wannan rikici ba a mayar da hankali ba a Misira ba, amma a wasu wurare a duniyar Larabawa. Lokacin da Abbasids suka sami iko, sun ƙaura manyan birane daban-daban zuwa yankuna masu sarrafawa. Sun kafa cibiyar Khalifancin su a [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]], suna motsa babban birnin daga wurin Umayyad na baya a Damascus. An yi irin wannan motsi a duk lokacin da aka fara mulkin mallaka. A Misira, sun ƙaura babban birnin daga Fustat dan kadan zuwa arewa zuwa birnin Abbasid na al-Askar, wanda ya kasance babban birnin har zuwa 868. Lokacin da Daular Tulunid ta karɓi iko a cikin 868, babban birnin Masar ya koma ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa wani birni na arewacin da ke kusa, al-Qatta'i . Wannan ya kasance har zuwa 905, lokacin da aka lalata al-Qatta'i kuma aka mayar da babban birnin zuwa Fustat. Birnin ya sake rasa matsayinsa na babban birni lokacin da mai kula da shi, Shawar, ya ba da umarnin ƙone shi a cikin 1168, yana tsoron zai iya fadawa hannun Amalric, sarkin Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. An tura babban birnin Masar zuwa [[Kairo|Alkahira]]. == Asalin sunan == A cewar labari, tsuntsu ne ya zaɓi wurin Fustat: Wani kurciya ya sa kwai a cikin alfarwar 'Amr ibn al-'As (585-664), musulmi mai cin nasara a Masar, kafin ya yi tafiya a kan Alexandria a 641. Sansaninsa a wannan lokacin yana arewacin sansanin [[Romawa na Da|Roman]] na Babila. Amr ya ayyana gidan kurciya a matsayin alamar daga Allah, kuma an bar alfarwar ba tare da taɓawa ba yayin da shi da dakarunsa suka tafi yaƙi. Lokacin da suka dawo da nasara, Amr ya gaya wa sojojinsa su kafa alfarwarsu a kusa da shi, ya ba sabon babban birninsa sunansa, ''Miṣr al-Fusṭāṭ'', ko ''Fusṭāṭ Miṣr'', wanda aka fassara shi a matsayin <nowiki>''</nowiki>, kodayake wannan ba ainihin fassarar ba ce. Kalmar ''Miṣr'' tsohuwar tushen Semitic ce da ke nuna Misira, amma a cikin Larabci kuma tana da ma<nowiki>'anar 'babban birni, birni' (ko, a matsayin aikatau, ''</nowiki>), don haka sunan ''''Miṣr'' al-Fusṭāṭ'' na iya nufin 'birni na alfarwa'. ''Fusṭāṭ Miṣr'' zai nufin 'gidan Masar'. (Tun da ba ta da labarin a kan kalmar Miṣr ba za ta zama 'gidan babban birni'.) ''Masarauta'' har zuwa yau suna kiran Alkahira Miṣr, ko, a cikin Larabci na Masar, Maṣr, duk da cewa wannan shine sunan dukan ƙasar Masar. Masallaci na farko na kasar, [[Masallacin Amr ibn al-As|Masallacin Amr]], daga baya aka gina shi a cikin 642 a wannan shafin na alfarwar kwamandan. == Tarihin Farko == [[Fayil:Le_Caire_mosquée_Amr_ibn_al-As.jpg|left|thumb|[[Masallacin Amr ibn al-As]]. Kodayake babu wani tsari na asali da ya rage, wannan masallaci shine na farko da aka gina a Misira, kuma yana kusa da wannan wurin, a shafin alfarwar kwamandan Amr ibn al-As, cewa an gina birnin Fustat.]] Shekaru dubbai, an motsa babban birnin Masar tare da al'adu daban-daban ta wurare da yawa sama da ƙasa da Kogin Nilu, kamar [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]] da [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]], dangane da wane daular da ke cikin iko. Bayan Alexander the Great ya ci Masar a kusa da 331 BC, babban birnin ya zama birni mai suna, Alexandria, a bakin tekun [[Bahar Rum]]. Wannan yanayin ya kasance mai ɗorewa kusan kusan shekaru dubu. Bayan sojojin Khalifa [[Umar Ibn Al-Khattab|Umar]] na Larabawa sun kama yankin a karni na 7, jim kadan bayan mutuwar [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]], ya so ya kafa sabon babban birnin. Lokacin da [[Alexandria|Iskandariya]] ta fadi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 641, Amr ibn al-As, kwamandan sojojin da suka ci nasara, ya kafa sabon babban birni a gabashin kogin. Jama'ar farko na birnin sun hada da kusan dukkanin sojoji da iyalansu, kuma tsarin birnin yayi kama da na garuruwa. Amr ya yi niyya ga Fustat ya zama tushe daga abin da za a ci Arewacin Afirka, da kuma ƙaddamar da ƙarin kamfen akan Byzantium. Ya kasance babban tushe na fadada Larabawa a Afirka har sai an kafa Qayrawan a [[Tunisiya]] a cikin 670. Fustat ya bunkasa a matsayin jerin yankunan kabilanci, ''Khitas'', a kusa da masallacin tsakiya da gine-ginen gudanarwa. Yawancin mazauna sun fito ne daga [[Yemen]], tare da rukuni mafi girma na gaba daga yammacin [[Yankin Larabawa|Arabiya]], tare da wasu [[Yahudawa]] da sojojin Romawa. Larabci shine ainihin yaren da ake magana a Misira, kuma shine harshen rubutu. Har yanzu ana magana da Coptic a Fustat a karni na 8. [[Fayil:Egyptian_-_Lusterware_Plate_with_Bird_Motif_-_Walters_482036.jpg|thumb|Lustreware Plate tare da Bird Motif, karni na 11. Binciken archaeological ya sami murhu da yawa da raguwar yumbu a Fustat, kuma mai yiwuwa wuri ne mai mahimmanci na samar da yumbu na Islama a lokacin Fatimid.]] Fustat ita ce cibiyar iko a Misira a ƙarƙashin daular Umayyad, wanda ya fara da mulkin [[Mu'awiya|Muawiyah I]], kuma ya jagoranci K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] Musulunci daga 660 zuwa 750. Koyaya, an ɗauki Masar a matsayin lardin da ya fi girma, kuma gwamnonin da aka nada daga wasu cibiyoyin musulmai kamar Damascus, [[Madinah|Madina]], da Baghdad ne ke mulkinta. Fustat babban birni ne, kuma a karni na 9, yana da yawan jama'a kusan 120,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kjeilin, Tore |title=Fustat |url=http://i-cias.com/e.o/fustat.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629175726/http://i-cias.com/e.o/fustat.htm |archive-date=2020-06-29 |access-date=2007-08-13 |publisher=Encyclopaedia of the Orient}}</ref> Amma lokacin da Janar Gawhar na [[Halifancin Fatimid|Fatimids]] na [[Tunisiya|Tunisian]] ya kama yankin, wannan ya ƙaddamar da sabon zamani lokacin da Masar ta kasance cibiyar ikonta. Gawhar ya kafa sabon birni a arewacin Fustat a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 969, yana mai suna ''Al Qahira'' (Cairo), kuma a cikin 971, Khalifa Fatimid al-Mu'izz ya tura kotunsa daga al-Mansuriya a Tunisia zuwa Al Qahir .<ref name="Millennial">{{Cite magazine|url-status=24, 26–30}}</ref> Amma ba a yi niyyar [[Kairo|Alkahira]] a matsayin cibiyar gwamnati a lokacin ba - an yi amfani da ita da farko a matsayin sansanin sarauta ga Khalifa da kotunsa da sojojinsa, yayin da Fustat ya kasance babban birni dangane da ikon tattalin arziki da gudanarwa. Birnin ya bunƙasa kuma ya girma, kuma a cikin 987, masanin ilimin ƙasa Ibn Hawkal ya rubuta cewa al-Fustat kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na girman [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]]. A shekara ta 1168, tana da yawan mutane 200,000. An san birnin da wadata, tare da tituna masu inuwa, lambuna, da kasuwanni. Ya ƙunshi gine-ginen zama masu tsawo, wasu hawa bakwai masu tsawo. Al-Muqaddasi a cikin karni na 10 ya bayyana su a matsayin [[Hasumiya|minaret]], yayin da Nasir Khusraw a farkon karni na 11 ya bayyana wasu daga cikinsu suna tashi har zuwa hawa 14, tare da lambuna na rufin a saman bene cikakke tare da ƙafafun ruwa da aka jawo don ban ruwa. Matafiyi na [[Iran|Farisa]] Nasir-i-Khusron ya rubuta game da kyawawan kayayyaki a cikin kasuwannin Fustat: tukwane mai haske, lu'ulu'u, da 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni da yawa, har ma a lokacin watanni na hunturu. Daga 975 zuwa 1075, Fustat babbar cibiyar samar da fasahar Islama ce da yumbu, kuma ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi arziki a duniya. Wani rahoto ya bayyana cewa ya biya haraji wanda ya yi daidai da US $ 150,000 a kowace rana, ga gwamnatin Khalifa al-Mu'izz. Binciken archaeological na zamani ya haifar da kayan kasuwanci daga nesa kamar Spain, China, da [[Vietnam]]. Har ila yau, binciken ya bayyana gidaje masu rikitarwa da tsare-tsaren titi; wani sashi na asali ya ƙunshi ɗakunan da aka gina a kusa da farfajiyar tsakiya, tare da wani arcade na arches a gefe ɗaya na farfajilar zama babbar hanyar samun dama.<ref name="P91" /> == Halaka da raguwa == [[Fayil:CairoFustatLandscape.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Rushewar Fustat a Tsohon Alkahira]] A tsakiyar karni na 12, Khalifa na Masar shine matashi Atid, amma matsayinsa na farko shine bikin. Ikon gaskiya a Misira shine na vizier, Shawar. Ya kasance cikin rikice-rikicen siyasa na shekaru da yawa, yana aiki don kawar da ci gaban Krista, da sojojin Nur al-Din daga Siriya. Shawar ya gudanar da wannan ta hanyar sauya kawance tsakanin su biyu, yana wasa da juna, kuma a zahiri yana kiyaye su a cikin wani rikici inda babu wani soja da zai iya kai hari kan Masar ba tare da ɗayan ya hana su ba. Koyaya, a cikin 1168, Sarki Kirista Amalric I na Urushalima, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari na shekaru da yawa don kaddamar da nasarar kai hari kan Masar don fadada yankunan Crusader, a ƙarshe ya sami wani nasara. Shi da sojojinsa sun shiga Misira, suka kwace birnin Bilbeis, suka kashe kusan dukkanin mazaunanta, sannan suka ci gaba zuwa Fustat. Amalric da dakarunsa sun kafa sansani a kudancin birnin, sannan suka aika da sako ga saurayi Khalifa na Masar Atid, mai shekaru 18 kawai, don mika birnin ko kuma su sha wahala kamar Bilbeis.<ref name="tyerman">{{Cite book|last3=Christopher Tyerman}}</ref> Ganin cewa harin Amalric ya yi kusa, Shawar ya ba da umarnin a ƙone birnin Fustat, don kiyaye shi daga hannun Amalric. A cewar masanin tarihin Masar al-Maqrizi (1346-1442): {{Blockquote|text=Shawar ordered that Fustat be evacuated. He forced [the citizens] to leave their money and property behind and flee for their lives with their children. In the panic and chaos of the exodus, the fleeing crowd looked like a massive army of ghosts.... Some took refuge in the mosques and bathhouses...awaiting a Christian onslaught similar to the one in Bilbeis. Shawar sent 20,000 [[naphtha]] pots and 10,000 lighting bombs [mish'al] and distributed them throughout the city. Flames and smoke engulfed the city and rose to the sky in a terrifying scene. The blaze raged for 54 days....<ref name=weapons>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199501/the.oil.weapons.htm |date=January–February 1995 |magazine=[[Saudi Aramco World]] |pages=20–27 |author=Zayn Bilkadi |title=The Oil Weapons |access-date=2007-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609223628/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199501/the.oil.weapons.htm |archive-date=2011-06-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} [[Fayil:Fustat_Indian.jpg|right|thumb|Yankin masana'antar Indiya, kusan 1545-1645, wanda aka samo a Fustat. Tsohon, raguwar kayan ado, ana samun su a yankin, an kiyaye su a cikin yanayin busassun Masar.]] Bayan halakar Fustat, sojojin Siriya sun isa kuma sun sami nasarar fatattakar sojojin Amalric. Bayan haka, da Kiristoci suka tafi, Siriyawa sun sami damar cin nasarar Masar da kansu. An kashe Shawar wanda ba a amince da shi ba, kuma mulkin Fatimids ya ƙare yadda ya kamata. An sanya Janar Shirkuh na Siriya a mulki, amma ya mutu saboda rashin lafiya bayan 'yan watanni, bayan haka dan uwansa Saladin ya zama vizier na Masar a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1169, ya kaddamar da daular Ayyubid. <ref name="tyerman">{{Cite book|last3=Christopher Tyerman}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTyerman,_Christopher2006">[[Christopher Tyerman|Tyerman, Christopher]] (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:godswarnewhistor00tyer|''God's War: a new history of the Crusades'']]</span>. Belknap. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:godswarnewhistor00tyer/page/347|347]]–349. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02387-1|<bdi>978-0-674-02387-1</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Tare da Fustat ba fiye da unguwar da ke mutuwa ba, cibiyar gwamnati ta koma dindindin zuwa Alkahira da ke kusa. Saladin daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa Alkahira da Fustat cikin birni ɗaya ta hanyar kewaye su a cikin manyan ganuwar, kodayake wannan ya zama mafi yawan rashin nasara. A cikin 1166 Maimonides ya tafi Misira kuma ya zauna a Fustat, inda ya sami shahara sosai a matsayin likita, yana aiki a cikin Iyalin Saladin da na vizier dinsa Ōaḍi al-Faḍil al-Baisami, da kuma magajin Saladin. An ba shi taken ''Ra'is al-Umma'' ko ''al-Millah'' (Shugaban Al'umma ko Bangaskiya). A Fustat, ya rubuta Mishneh Torah (1180) da The Guide for the Perplexed . Daga baya aka gano wasu rubuce-rubucensa a cikin gutsuttsarin rubuce-aikacen a cikin geniza (storeroom) na Majami'ar Ben Ezra, wanda ke cikin Fustat. Yayinda Mamluk ke mulki daga karni na 13 zuwa karni na 16, an yi amfani da yankin Fustat a matsayin zubar da shara, kodayake har yanzu yana riƙe da dubban mutane, tare da sana'o'i na farko sune na tukwane da tattara shara. Layer na sharar gida ya tara sama da daruruwan shekaru, kuma sannu a hankali yawan jama'a ya ragu, ya bar abin da ya taɓa zama birni mai bunƙasa ya zama hamada. == Fustat na zamani == A yau, ƙananan abubuwan da suka rage na girman tsohon birni. Manyan birane guda uku, Fustat, al-Askar da al-Qatta'i sun shiga cikin birni mai girma na Alkahira. Wasu daga cikin tsoffin gine-ginen sun kasance a bayyane a yankin da aka sani da "[[Tsohuwar Alkahira|Tsohon Alkahira]]", amma yawancin sauran sun fada cikin lalacewa, sun cika da ciyawa ko kuma an yi amfani da su azaman [[Wajen zubar da shara|zubar da shara]]. Ginin da ya fi tsufa daga yankin tabbas shine [[Masallacin Ibn Tulun]], daga karni na 9, wanda aka gina yayin da babban birnin yake a al-Qatta'i. Masallaci na farko da aka gina a Misira (kuma ta hanyar fadada, ɗaya daga cikin masallatai na farko da ake gina a Afirka), [[Masallacin Amr ibn al-As|Masallacin Amr]], har yanzu ana amfani da shi, amma an sake gina shi sosai a cikin ƙarni, kuma babu wani abu da ya rage daga tsarin asali. A watan Fabrairun 2017 an kaddamar da Gidan Tarihi na Masar a wani shafin da ke kusa da masallacin. It is believed that further archaeological digs could yield substantial rewards, considering that the remains of the original city are still preserved under hundreds of years of rubbish. Some archaeological excavations have taken place, the paths of streets are still visible, and some buildings have been partially reconstructed to waist-height. Some artifacts that have been recovered can be seen in Cairo's Museum of Islamic Art.<ref name="gascoigne">{{Cite web |last=Alison Gascoigne |title=Islamic Cairo |url=http://www.egyptvoyager.com/towns_cairo_history_islamic_fustat.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202123922/http://www.egyptvoyager.com/towns_cairo_history_islamic_fustat.htm |archive-date=2014-12-02 |access-date=2007-08-13 |publisher=egyptvoyager.com}}</ref>  == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bayanan littattafai == * Abu-Lughod, Janet L. Cairo: Shekaru 1001 na Birnin Nasara (Princeton University Press, 1971). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-691-03085-5|<bdi>0-691-03085-5</bdi>]].{{ISBN|0-691-03085-5}}&nbsp; *   *   *   * Ghosh, Amitav, A cikin Tsohon Ƙasa (Littattafai na Tsohon, 1994). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-679-72783-3|<bdi>0-679-72783-3</bdi>]].{{ISBN|0-679-72783-3}}&nbsp; * [Hasiya] ''Tarihin Al'ummomin Musulunci'' . Jami'ar Cambridge Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-521-22552-3|<bdi>0-521-22552-3</bdi>]].{{ISBN|0-521-22552-3}}&nbsp; * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Crusades Ta hanyar Ido na Larabawa . Littattafan Al Saqi. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-8052-0898-4|<bdi>0-8052-0898-4</bdi>]].{{ISBN|0-8052-0898-4}}&nbsp; * {{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=Robert B. |year=1995 |title=New Looks at Old Pots: Results of Recent Multidisciplinary Studies of Glazed Ceramics from the Islamic World |journal=Muqarnas: Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture |publisher=Brill Academic Publishers |volume=XII |isbn=90-04-10314-7}} *   *   *   == Ƙarin karantawa == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  *   *   *   * {{Cite journal |last=Scanlon, George T. |year=1974 |title=The Pits of Fustat: Problems of Chronology |journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |publisher=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 60 |volume=60 |pages=60–78 |doi=10.2307/3856171 |jstor=3856171}} *   * {{Cite journal |last=Stewart, W. A. |date=July 1921 |title=The Pottery of Fostat, Old Cairo |journal=The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs |volume=39 |issue=220 |pages=11–13 + 16–18}} * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] [http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/January-2016/In-Fragments-from-Fustat,-Glimpses-of-a-Cosmopolit "A cikin Fragments daga Fustat, Glimpses na Tsohon Alkahira na Cosmopolitan".] Aramco World. Littafi na 67 (1), shafuffuka na 4-9. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] [[oclc:895830331|895830331]]&nbsp; &nbsp; * {{Cite journal |last=Gascoigne |first=Alison L. |last2=Sheehan |first2=Peter D. |date=2024-08-17 |title=Sherds and the City: Pottery Production, Society, and the Changing Urban Fabric of Fustat, Egypt |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2024.2374148 |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=49 |issue=6 |pages=433–452 |doi=10.1080/00934690.2024.2374148 |issn=0093-4690}} {{Navboxes|title=Capital of Egypt|list={{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[Capital of Egypt]]|before=[[Alexandria]]|after=[[al-Askar]]|years=641–750}} {{succession box|title=[[Capital of Egypt]]|before=[[al-Qatta'i]]|after=[[Cairo]]|years=905–1169}} {{s-end}}}}{{Districts of Cairo|cairo}}{{Egypt topics}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l7byhzvgbecktct87ytfz9p2wl6qayq 0 152311 840412 2026-05-27T06:57:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[African Super Cup]] to [[CAF Super Cup]] 840412 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[CAF Super Cup]] syp8bua21v5e2ajbwsy61ndq9cuh8t3 0 152312 840424 2026-05-27T08:34:11Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1334409550|Amaechi Ottiji]]" 840424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amaechi Ottiji''' Listen ⓘ (28 Disamba 1969 - 25 Disamba 2004) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyoyi a Najeriya, Girka da Jamus wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . == Aikin kulob == An haifi Ottiji a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Calabar Rovers . Ya buga wa [[Enugu Rangers]] da BCC Lions wasa, inda ya lashe Kofin FA na Najeriya a 1989 tare da BCC. A shekarar 1990, Ottiji ya koma ƙungiyar Super League ta ƙasar Girka ta Panachaiki na tsawon shekaru 5.5, inda ya buga wasanni 110 a gasar lig, kuma ya zura kwallaye 50 a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrogiannopoulos, Alexander |date=11 May 2005 |title=Foreign Players in Greece since 1959/60 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/players/foreign-players-in-grk6080.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210204039/http://www.rsssf.com/players/foreign-players-in-grk6080.html |archive-date=2008-12-10 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ya koma ƙungiyar Ionikos FC a watan Disamba na shekarar 1994, kuma ya buga wasanni 2.5 a ƙungiyar a gasar Super League. Ya koma ƙungiyar SV Darmstadt ta Jamus mai lamba 98 a shekarar 1998, amma bai iya hana ƙungiyar komawa gasar ba duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 12 a gasar. Ya shafe sauran aikinsa a ƙananan matakan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus, yana bugawa a yankin Regionalliga a matsayin ɗan wasa a Sportfreunde Siegen da SV Elversberg . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ottiji ya buga wasa ɗaya a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]], a wasan sada zumunci da Iran a shekarar 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morrison, Neil |date=2 February 2005 |title=International Matches 1998 - Intercontinental |url=https://www.rsssf.org/intldetails/1998ic.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya mutu a Colombia a shekarar 2004, yayin harbin da aka yi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin 'yan daba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] riw8wpyo2595oiq65rxebt7ljsc8aop 840425 840424 2026-05-27T08:35:55Z Sardeeq 39275 840425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amaechi Ottiji''' Listen ⓘ (28 Disamba 1969 - 25 Disamba 2004) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Najeriya wanda ya buga wa ƙungiyoyi a Najeriya, Girka da Jamus wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . == Aikin kulob == An haifi Ottiji a [[Enugu (birni)|Enugu]], ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Calabar Rovers . Ya buga wa [[Enugu Rangers]] da BCC Lions wasa, inda ya lashe Kofin FA na Najeriya a 1989 tare da BCC. A shekarar 1990, Ottiji ya koma ƙungiyar Super League ta ƙasar Girka ta Panachaiki na tsawon shekaru 5.5, inda ya buga wasanni 110 a gasar lig, kuma ya zura kwallaye 50 a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrogiannopoulos, Alexander |date=11 May 2005 |title=Foreign Players in Greece since 1959/60 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/players/foreign-players-in-grk6080.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210204039/http://www.rsssf.com/players/foreign-players-in-grk6080.html |archive-date=2008-12-10 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Ya koma ƙungiyar Ionikos FC a watan Disamba na shekarar 1994, kuma ya buga wasanni 2.5 a ƙungiyar a gasar Super League. Ya koma ƙungiyar SV Darmstadt ta Jamus mai lamba 98 a shekarar 1998, amma bai iya hana ƙungiyar komawa gasar ba duk da cewa ya zura kwallaye 12 a gasar. Ya shafe sauran aikinsa a ƙananan matakan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamus, yana bugawa a yankin Regionalliga a matsayin ɗan wasa a Sportfreunde Siegen da SV Elversberg . == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Ottiji ya buga wasa ɗaya a [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]], a wasan sada zumunci da Iran a shekarar 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morrison, Neil |date=2 February 2005 |title=International Matches 1998 - Intercontinental |url=https://www.rsssf.org/intldetails/1998ic.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya mutu a Colombia a shekarar 2004, yayin harbin da aka yi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin 'yan daba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] q1qgpi5kudh8bdmaej367ep4g4pj5v9 0 152313 840436 2026-05-27T09:32:12Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311413559|Bob Osim]]" 840436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bob Osim''', wanda aka rubuta a matsayin ''Bob Usim'', (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1980, a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas, Najeriya]] ) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasa da ƙasa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|na Najeriya]] . A halin yanzu yana horar da Calabar Rovers a [[Nigeria National League|gasar cin kofin Najeriya]] ta mataki na biyu. == Sana'a == Osim bai buga kakar wasa ta 2007 da Heartland ba saboda raunin da ya samu kafin a sanya shi a cikin Rovers da aka tashe a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, kungiyar da ya fara aikinsa da ita. === Halaye === Babban matsayin Bob Osim shine na tsakiya mai tsaron baya amma kuma zai buga wasan baya na hagu da na dama. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{NFT player|pid=16337}} * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3065155.stm Usim Named in Nigeria squad] -BBC Article * [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=010908&ptitle=Rovers%20will%20bounce%20back,%20says%20Osim&cpdate=010908 Rovers will bounce back, says Osim] (Guardian, 1 Sept. 2008) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] n6rv8lsvqy0cunii9ilq4ui8xfp4bq1 840437 840436 2026-05-27T09:32:42Z Sardeeq 39275 840437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bob Osim''', wanda aka rubuta a matsayin ''Bob Usim'', (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1980, a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas, Najeriya]] ) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasa da ƙasa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|na Najeriya]] . A halin yanzu yana horar da Calabar Rovers a [[Nigeria National League|gasar cin kofin Najeriya]] ta mataki na biyu. == Sana'a == Osim bai buga kakar wasa ta 2007 da Heartland ba saboda raunin da ya samu kafin a sanya shi a cikin Rovers da aka tashe a kakar wasa ta 2008/09, kungiyar da ya fara aikinsa da ita. === Halaye === Babban matsayin Bob Osim shine na tsakiya mai tsaron baya amma kuma zai buga wasan baya na hagu da na dama. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{NFT player|pid=16337}} * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3065155.stm Usim Named in Nigeria squad] -BBC Article * [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=010908&ptitle=Rovers%20will%20bounce%20back,%20says%20Osim&cpdate=010908 Rovers will bounce back, says Osim] (Guardian, 1 Sept. 2008) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] 34sgx65wvuszgwfilpicfu1uqdif4lj 0 152314 840444 2026-05-27T10:02:50Z Sardeeq 39275 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344970119|Juwon Oshaniwa]]" 840444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juwon Oshaniwa''' MON (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1990) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] . Ya taba bugawa [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]], Lobi Stars, [[Sharks FC|Sharks]] da Akwa United a Najeriya, Ashdod a Isra'ila da kuma Heart of Midlothian a Scotland. Oshaniwa cikakken dan wasan kasa da kasa ne ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] kuma ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 . == Aikin kulob == === Ashdod === Oshaniwa ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kulob a Najeriya a ƙungiyar [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]], Lobi Stars da [[Sharks FC|Sharks]] . <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|47331|accessdate=}}</ref> Bayan shekaru biyar a Najeriya, Oshaniwa ya sanar da niyyarsa ta bugawa Turai wasa. A watan Satumba na 2012, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu da ƙungiyar FC Ashdod ta Isra'ila. Oshaniwa ya fara buga wasa a Ashdod a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2012, inda ya fara wasa a karon farko, a wasan da suka doke Beitar Jerusalem da ci 2-1. Watanni huɗu kacal bayan ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar, an danganta Oshaniwa da komawa ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta Scotland . Abin takaici, Oshaniwa ya kamu da cutar da ta hana shi buga wasa na tsawon watanni kuma ya koma ƙungiyar farko a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2013, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Hapoel Tel Aviv . A kakar wasa ta farko da ya buga a Ashdod, Oshawniwa ya buga wasanni goma sha shida ga ƙungiyar. A kakar wasa ta biyu da ya yi a Ashdod ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ƙungiyar farko, yayin da ya buga wasanni ashirin da huɗu. Lokacin wasansa ya takaita ga wasanni shida bayan raunin da ya samu Duk da haka, daga baya an fitar da ƙungiyar daga gasar saman Isra'ila bayan ta kare a wasan ƙarshe na Bottom Playoff. A watan Janairun 2015, an danganta shi da komawa ƙungiyar Celtic ta Scotland a karo na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2015 |title=Nigeria defender keen on Celtic move |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30911879 |access-date=24 July 2015 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Amma matakin bai taɓa faruwa ba. A kakar wasa ta 2014-15, Oshaniwa ya sami ƙarancin lokacin wasa bayan damarsa ta farko ta ƙungiyar ta gaza da wasanni goma sha ɗaya. A lokacin kakar wasa, Oshaniwa ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko ta Ashdod a ranar 17 ga Janairun 2015, a wasan da suka doke Hapoel Petah Tikva da ci 2-1. Bayan kakar wasa ta 2014-15, an sanar da cewa Oshaniwa ya bar ƙungiyar don komawa Scotland. === Zuciyar Midlothian === A watan Yuni, an danganta Oshaniwa da komawa kulob din Scottish Heart of Midlothian ("Hearts") kuma ya bayyana cewa yana sha'awar komawa Burtaniya don ci gaba da bunkasa kwallon kafa. Makonni bayan haka, Hearts ya yi yunkurin neman Oshaniwa kuma yana gab da sanya hannu a kansa. Duk da haka, tattaunawar kammala daukar matakin ta jinkirta saboda bukatar biza, wanda daga karshe aka amince da shi a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2015. An kammala komawarsa Hearts, bisa ga izinin shiga kasa da kasa, a ranar 1 ga Agusta. <ref name="hearts move">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2015 |title=Hearts: Nigeria's Juwon Oshaniwa completes Tynecastle switch |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33746444 |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Oshaniwa ya nuna farin cikinsa da shiga kulob din. Bayan wannan motsi, Oshaniwa bai buga wasan farko na kakar wasa da St Johnstone ba, kuma yana wurin kallon ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ya yi mamakin ƙwallon ƙafa, nishaɗi da magoya baya. [1] Oshaniwa ya fara buga wa Hearts wasa a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015, yana wasa a matsayin ɗan baya na hagu, a wasan da suka ci Dundee 2-1. [2] A kakar wasa ta 2016-17, Oshaniwa bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ba. [3] Hearts ta sallame shi a watan Yunin 2017, shekara guda kafin kwantiraginsa ya ƙare. [4] A shekarar 2018 ya sanya hannu a Akwa United . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] khlcsatobldk2tjh8i62tse22aiweeq 840445 840444 2026-05-27T10:03:11Z Sardeeq 39275 840445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Juwon Oshaniwa''' MON (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Satumba 1990) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] . Ya taba bugawa [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]], Lobi Stars, [[Sharks FC|Sharks]] da Akwa United a Najeriya, Ashdod a Isra'ila da kuma Heart of Midlothian a Scotland. Oshaniwa cikakken dan wasan kasa da kasa ne ga [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] kuma ya buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2014 . == Aikin kulob == === Ashdod === Oshaniwa ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kulob a Najeriya a ƙungiyar [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]], Lobi Stars da [[Sharks FC|Sharks]] . <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|47331|accessdate=}}</ref> Bayan shekaru biyar a Najeriya, Oshaniwa ya sanar da niyyarsa ta bugawa Turai wasa. A watan Satumba na 2012, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu da ƙungiyar FC Ashdod ta Isra'ila. Oshaniwa ya fara buga wasa a Ashdod a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2012, inda ya fara wasa a karon farko, a wasan da suka doke Beitar Jerusalem da ci 2-1. Watanni huɗu kacal bayan ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar, an danganta Oshaniwa da komawa ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]] ta Scotland . Abin takaici, Oshaniwa ya kamu da cutar da ta hana shi buga wasa na tsawon watanni kuma ya koma ƙungiyar farko a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2013, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Hapoel Tel Aviv . A kakar wasa ta farko da ya buga a Ashdod, Oshawniwa ya buga wasanni goma sha shida ga ƙungiyar. A kakar wasa ta biyu da ya yi a Ashdod ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ƙungiyar farko, yayin da ya buga wasanni ashirin da huɗu. Lokacin wasansa ya takaita ga wasanni shida bayan raunin da ya samu Duk da haka, daga baya an fitar da ƙungiyar daga gasar saman Isra'ila bayan ta kare a wasan ƙarshe na Bottom Playoff. A watan Janairun 2015, an danganta shi da komawa ƙungiyar Celtic ta Scotland a karo na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2015 |title=Nigeria defender keen on Celtic move |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/30911879 |access-date=24 July 2015 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Amma matakin bai taɓa faruwa ba. A kakar wasa ta 2014-15, Oshaniwa ya sami ƙarancin lokacin wasa bayan damarsa ta farko ta ƙungiyar ta gaza da wasanni goma sha ɗaya. A lokacin kakar wasa, Oshaniwa ya zira ƙwallonsa ta farko ta Ashdod a ranar 17 ga Janairun 2015, a wasan da suka doke Hapoel Petah Tikva da ci 2-1. Bayan kakar wasa ta 2014-15, an sanar da cewa Oshaniwa ya bar ƙungiyar don komawa Scotland. === Zuciyar Midlothian === A watan Yuni, an danganta Oshaniwa da komawa kulob din Scottish Heart of Midlothian ("Hearts") kuma ya bayyana cewa yana sha'awar komawa Burtaniya don ci gaba da bunkasa kwallon kafa. Makonni bayan haka, Hearts ya yi yunkurin neman Oshaniwa kuma yana gab da sanya hannu a kansa. Duk da haka, tattaunawar kammala daukar matakin ta jinkirta saboda bukatar biza, wanda daga karshe aka amince da shi a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2015. An kammala komawarsa Hearts, bisa ga izinin shiga kasa da kasa, a ranar 1 ga Agusta. <ref name="hearts move">{{Cite web |date=1 August 2015 |title=Hearts: Nigeria's Juwon Oshaniwa completes Tynecastle switch |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33746444 |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Oshaniwa ya nuna farin cikinsa da shiga kulob din. Bayan wannan motsi, Oshaniwa bai buga wasan farko na kakar wasa da St Johnstone ba, kuma yana wurin kallon ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ya yi mamakin ƙwallon ƙafa, nishaɗi da magoya baya. [1] Oshaniwa ya fara buga wa Hearts wasa a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015, yana wasa a matsayin ɗan baya na hagu, a wasan da suka ci Dundee 2-1. [2] A kakar wasa ta 2016-17, Oshaniwa bai buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko ba. [3] Hearts ta sallame shi a watan Yunin 2017, shekara guda kafin kwantiraginsa ya ƙare. [4] A shekarar 2018 ya sanya hannu a Akwa United . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] oj7e04v51qpcfoggdv12s6hv0e2qhif